Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.
An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.
Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.
Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.
The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antifungal agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation.
A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.
A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.
Diseases of plants.
The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance phenotype may be attributed to multiple gene mutations.
Triazoles are a class of antifungal drugs that contain a triazole ring in their chemical structure and work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes, thereby disrupting the integrity and function of the membrane.
Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.
One of the phthalimide fungicides.
The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous plants, insects, or other animals. This includes control of plants that serve as habitats or food sources for animal pests.
A class of thiocarbamate derivatives whose salts possess fungicidal activity.
Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.
A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.
The body of a fungus which is made up of HYPHAE.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.
A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.
Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.
Acrylic acids or acrylates which are substituted in the C-2 position with a methyl group.
An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa.
The management and maintenance of colonies of honeybees.
Risk or hazard associated with the handling and use of chemicals.
Pesticides or their breakdown products remaining in the environment following their normal use or accidental contamination.
A mitosporic Leotiales fungal genus of plant pathogens. It has teleomorphs in the genus Botryotina.
Dioxoles are organic compounds containing a five-membered ring consisting of two oxygen atoms and two carbon atoms, often found as substructures in various natural and synthetic molecules, including certain pharmaceuticals and toxic dioxin pollutants.
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.
A genus of OOMYCETES in the family Peronosporaceae. Most species are obligatory parasites and many are plant pathogens.
A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, which includes pumpkin, gourd and squash.
A systemic agricultural fungicide used for control of certain fungal diseases of stone fruit.
Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.
Usually 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes, produced by Fusaria, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma and other fungi, and some higher plants. They may contaminate food or feed grains, induce emesis and hemorrhage in lungs and brain, and damage bone marrow due to protein and DNA synthesis inhibition.
Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.
2-Substituted benzimidazole first introduced in 1962. It is active against a variety of nematodes and is the drug of choice for STRONGYLOIDIASIS. It has CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM side effects and hepatototoxic potential. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p919)
Dioxolanes are specific chemical compounds characterized by a saturated six-membered ring containing two oxygen atoms and two carbon atoms, often formed through the reaction between aldehydes or ketones and diols, and significant in pharmaceutical synthesis and organic chemistry.
*I'm afraid there seems to be a misunderstanding in your request as "Museums" are not a medical term and do not have a medical definition.*
A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent.
The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.
A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Chaetomiaceae, order SORDARIALES. Many members are cellulolytic and some mycotoxic. They occur naturally on paper and cotton fabric.
Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom.
A mitosporic Trichocomaceae fungal genus that develops fruiting organs resembling a broom. When identified, teleomorphs include EUPENICILLIUM and TALAROMYCES. Several species (but especially PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM) are sources of the antibiotic penicillin.
Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.
A plant genus in the family ROSACEAE, order Rosales, subclass Rosidae. It is best known as a source of edible fruits such as apricot, plum, peach, cherry, and almond.
Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.
A pesticide or chemical agent that kills mites and ticks. This is a large class that includes carbamates, formamides, organochlorines, organophosphates, etc, that act as antibiotics or growth regulators.
Eukaryotes in the group STRAMENOPILES, formerly considered FUNGI, whose exact taxonomic level is unsettled. Many consider Oomycetes (Oomycota) a phylum in the kingdom Stramenopila, or alternatively, as Pseudofungi in the phylum Heterokonta of the kingdom Chromista. They are morphologically similar to fungi but have no close phylogenetic relationship to them. Oomycetes are found in both fresh and salt water as well as in terrestrial environments. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, pp683-4). They produce flagellated, actively motile spores (zoospores) that are pathogenic to many crop plants and FISHES.
A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including several plant pathogens and at least one species which produces a highly phytotoxic antibiotic. Its teleomorph is Lewia.
An island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence constituting a province of Canada in the eastern part of the country. It is very irregular in shape with many deep inlets. Its capital is Charlottetown. Discovered by the French in 1534 and originally named Ile Saint-Jean, it was renamed in 1799 in honor of Prince Edward, fourth son of George III and future father of Queen Victoria. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p981 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p433)
Toluidines are a group of organic compounds consisting of various derivatives of toluene with an amine group (-NH2) attached to the benzene ring, which have been used in chemical synthesis and historical medical research but are not currently utilized as therapeutic agents due to their carcinogenic properties.
Chemicals used in agriculture. These include pesticides, fumigants, fertilizers, plant hormones, steroids, antibiotics, mycotoxins, etc.
A mitosporic Ceratobasidiaceae fungal genus that is an important plant pathogen affecting potatoes and other plants. There are numerous teleomorphs.
A plant genus in the family ROSACEAE, order Rosales, subclass Rosidae. It is best known as a source of the edible fruit (apple) and is cultivated in temperate climates worldwide.
Acrylates are a group of synthetic compounds based on acrylic acid, commonly used in various industrial and medical applications such as adhesives, coatings, and dental materials, known to cause allergic reactions and contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.
A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Evaluation of mycobacillin and versicolin as agricultural fungicides. II. Stability in soil. (1/465)

The effect of paddy soils on mycobacillin and versicolin was investigated. Soil inactivated mycobacillin as determined by spectral analysis and microbiological assay. Soil can inactive mycobacillin only at or above the threshold concentration (125 approximately 130 mug per 10 mg of soil), the excess being unreacted. No new peak appears in the ultraviolet spectrum (240 approximately 300 nm) while mycobacillin is inactivated. Soil is without any effect on versicolin.  (+info)

A comparison of electron-capture GLC, electrolytic-conductivity GLC and UV-absorption HPLC for the analysis of some herbicides in foods. (2/465)

A comparison of gas chromatography with electron-capture or electrolytic-conductivity (nitrogen mode) detection, and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-absorption detection (254 nm) was carried out for the analysis of several herbicides in foods. Linuron, propanil, terbacil, benzoylprop-ethyl, and the fungicide DCNA in samples of cabbage, corn, potato, and wheat spiked at 2 and 0.2 ppm were examined. The pesticides were extracted with acetone, partitioned into petroleum ether-methylene chloride, and cleaned up on a 2% deactivated Florisil column before direct chromatographic analysis. Electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) was most suitable for DCNA and benzoylprop-ethyl while UV-absorption HPLC was best for terbacil analysis. Linuron and propanil gave similar results for both electron-capture GLC and HPLC. Electrolytic-conductivity GLC could detect all pesticides at the 0.2 ppm level and exhibited the least number of extraneous peaks in the chromatograms.  (+info)

Objectives, designs and populations of the European Asclepios study on occupational hazards to male reproductive capability. (3/465)

The main objective of the Asclepios program was to examine occupational risk factors for the male reproductive system. The program focused on occupational exposure to fungicides (farmers, greenhouse workers, and vineyard workers), styrene (laminators in the reinforced plastics industry) and inorganic lead (battery workers, foundry workers, and lead smelters). Questionnaire studies of time to pregnancy were combined with longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of semen quality. The 8 data-collecting centers addressed 6553 male workers and contributed time-to-pregnancy values on the 3077 most recent pregnancies. Data collection was by interview or self-collection. The average response rate across all exposures and centers was 69.8%. The Asclepios project is the first international multicenter research project on environmental risks to male reproductive function. A protocol for epidemiologic research on occupational risk factors to the male reproductive system was developed, and links between epidemiologic and experimental units were established. The majority, but not all, of the studies was completed within the given time frame.  (+info)

Neurotoxicity and behavioral effects of thiram in rats. (4/465)

Eight of 24 female rats fed 66.9 mg/kg-day of thiram developed neurotoxicity. The neurotoxic effects were characterized by ataxia and paralysis of the hind legs. There were demyelination, degeneration of the axis cylinders, and presence of macrophages in the nerve bundle of the sciatic nerve. Degeneration in the ventral horn of the lower lumbar region of the spinal cord was evidenced by chromatolysis of motorneurons, pyknosis, and satellitosis. During a second experiment, 4 of 24 females fed 65.8 mg/kg--day also developed ataxia and paralysis. An additional 9 females showed clasping of the hind feet when picked up by the tail. Nerve conduction could not be measured for one severely ataxic rat and the electromyogram indicated a loss of motor unit function. Histopathology of this rat, along with the others, suggests the peripheral nerve as the primary site of the lesion. Thiram also caused behavioral changes in apparently normal rats. The walking pattern of the hind legs was altered with decreases in stride width and the angle between contralateral steps. These rats required significantly more shock-motivations and cleared a lower height in a jump/climb ability test. An open-field study indicated that thiram caused hyperactivity in the nonataxic rats of both sexes. Three of 24 rats fed 95.8 mg/kg-day of ferbam also developed ataxia or paralysis.  (+info)

Oxidative damage to cellular and isolated DNA by metabolites of a fungicide ortho-phenylphenol. (5/465)

ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) and its sodium salt, which are used as fungicides and antibacterial agents, have been found to cause carcinomas in the urinary tract of rats. To clarify the carcinogenic mechanism of OPP, we compared the DNA damage inducing ability of an OPP metabolite, phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone (PBQ) with that of another metabolite, phenylhydroquinone (PHQ). Pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed that PBQ and PHQ induced DNA strand breakage in cultured human cells, but PBQ did it more efficiently than PHQ. Significant increases in 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) were observed in cells treated with PBQ and PHQ, and the increase of 8-oxodG induced by PBQ was significantly higher than that induced by PHQ. Using 32P-5'-end-labeled DNA fragments obtained from human p53 tumor suppressor gene and c-Ha-ras-1 protooncogene, we showed that PBQ plus NADH, and also PHQ, induced DNA damage frequently at thymine residues, in the presence of Cu(II). The intensity of DNA damage by PBQ was stronger than that by PHQ, showing higher importance of PBQ than other OPP metabolites. Catalase and bathocuproine inhibited Cu(II)-mediated DNA damage by PBQ plus NADH and PHQ, suggesting that H2O2 reacts with Cu(I) to produce active species causing DNA damage. Electron spin resonance and UV-visible spectroscopic studies have demonstrated generation of semiquinone radical and superoxide from the reaction of PBQ with NADH or the Cu(II)-mediated autoxidation of PHQ. The present results suggest that these OPP metabolites cause oxidative DNA damage through H2O2 generation in cells, and the damage may lead to mutation and carcinogenesis. It is concluded that PBQ may play a more important role in the expression of OPP carcinogenicity than other OPP metabolites.  (+info)

The accumulation and histological effects of organometallic fungicides propineb and maneb in the livers of pregnant rats and their offspring. (6/465)

Dithiocarbamate propineb and maneb are organometal fungicides, which are widely used for the control of diseases in plants. Female Wistar rats were exposed orally to 200 and 400 ppm propineb (Zn-containing dithiocarbamate) and 250 ppm maneb (Mn-containing dithiocarbamate), from the 6th day of gestation up to birth. We found that the body weights of both newborn litters and their fungicide-treated mothers were lower than those of controls. Histological examination of the livers of fungicide-treated pregnant females and the offspring showed a variety of histopathological effects. Moreover, the analysis of Zn and Mn concentrations in the livers of pregnant females exposed to organometallic fungicides during pregnancy demonstrated that the metal concentrations in the liver were higher than those of controls. Similarly, the hepatic metal concentrations were significantly increased in the litters, indicating the transplacental passage of the organometallic fungicides.  (+info)

Environmental exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and risk of female breast cancer in Connecticut. (7/465)

Earlier studies have provided inconclusive results relating hexachlorobenzene (HCB), an organochlorine fungicide, to female breast cancer risk. The current study, with a total of 304 breast cancer cases and 186 controls recruited in Connecticut between 1994 and 1997, examined the association by directly comparing breast adipose tissue levels of HCB between incident breast cancer cases and noncancer controls. The cases and controls were patients who had breast biopsies or surgery at the Yale-New Haven Hospital (New Haven, CT) and histologically diagnosed either as breast cancer or benign breast disease. Information on major known or suspected risk factors for breast cancer was obtained through in-person interview by trained interviewers. No significant difference in mean breast adipose tissue levels of HCB was observed between breast cancer patients (21.0 ppb) and controls (19.1 ppb) in this large case-control study. The risk also did not vary significantly by menopausal status, estrogen or progesterone receptor status of the breast cancer cases, breast cancer histology, stage of diagnosis, or type of benign breast disease. Among parous women who reported ever breast feeding, an odds ratio (OR) of 0.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2-1.4] was observed when the highest quartile was compared with the lowest quartile. However, no association was observed among parous women who reported never breast feeding (OR = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3-1.7 for the fourth quartile). For nulliparous women, the adjusted OR was 2.1 (95% CI, 0.5-8.8) for the third tertile when compared with the lowest based on few subjects. Therefore, our study does not support a positive association between environmental exposure to HCB and risk of breast cancer.  (+info)

The fenpropimorph resistance gene FEN2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a plasma membrane H+-pantothenate symporter. (8/465)

The product of the FEN2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has previously been described as a protein conferring sensitivity to the antifungal agent fenpropimorph. Fen2p was postulated to act as a common regulator of carbon and nitrogen catabolite repression and of amino acid and ergosterol biosynthesis. In this paper, we present experimental evidence characterizing Fen2p as a plasma membrane-localized transporter for the vitamin pantothenate. The high affinity transport system (Km = 3.5 microM) is sensitive to uncouplers, suggesting a H+-pantothenate cotransport. Pantothenate transport rates in yeast are modulated by extracellular pantothenate, being maximal at low pantothenate concentrations. It is demonstrated that beta-alanine can suppress the growth defect of FEN2 wild-type and fen2 mutant cells on pantothenate-free medium. Evidence is presented that beta-alanine is transported by the general amino acid permease Gap1p. The relation among pantothenate transport, nitrogen catabolite repression, and sensitivity to the antifungal agent fenpropimorph is discussed.  (+info)

Industrial fungicides are antimicrobial agents used to prevent, destroy, or inhibit the growth of fungi and their spores in industrial settings. These can include uses in manufacturing processes, packaging materials, textiles, paints, and other industrial products. They work by interfering with the cellular structure or metabolic processes of fungi, thereby preventing their growth or reproduction. Examples of industrial fungicides include:

* Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
* Formaldehyde
* Glutaraldehyde
* Quaternary ammonium compounds
* Peracetic acid
* Chlorhexidine
* Iodophors

It's important to note that some of these fungicides can be harmful or toxic to humans and other organisms, so they must be used with caution and in accordance with safety guidelines.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Zineb" is not a medical term or concept that I am familiar with in the field of medicine. Zineb is actually a pesticide that contains the active ingredient ferbam, which is used to control fungi on crops such as grapes, apples, and potatoes. It is not a term used within the context of medical definitions or human health. I hope this clarifies any confusion. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try and help answer them for you.

Maneb is not a term that has a widely accepted medical definition. However, in the field of agriculture and toxicology, Maneb is a commonly used fungicide to control various plant diseases. It is a complex organometallic compound containing manganese.

In some contexts, Maneb may be mentioned in relation to human health because it has been found to have potential reproductive and developmental effects, as well as being potentially carcinogenic. However, it is not considered a medical term or diagnosis. If you have any concerns about exposure to Maneb or its potential health effects, it would be best to consult with a healthcare professional.

Thiophanate is not a medical term, but a chemical compound. It is a fungicide that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as thiophosphates, which are organosulfur compounds containing a P-S bond. Thiophanate is used in agriculture to control various fungal diseases in crops such as fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi, thereby preventing the spread of disease.

In medical terms, thiophanate may be mentioned in relation to exposure to this chemical compound through occupational or environmental means, or in cases where it is used as a component in certain topical antifungal medications. However, thiophanate itself is not a medical term or a therapeutic agent used for the treatment of any specific medical condition.

Fungal drug resistance is a condition where fungi are no longer susceptible to the antifungal drugs that were previously used to treat infections they caused. This can occur due to genetic changes in the fungi that make them less sensitive to the drug's effects, or due to environmental factors that allow the fungi to survive and multiply despite the presence of the drug.

There are several mechanisms by which fungi can develop drug resistance, including:

1. Mutations in genes that encode drug targets: Fungi can acquire mutations in the genes that encode for the proteins or enzymes that the antifungal drugs target. These mutations can alter the structure or function of these targets, making them less susceptible to the drug's effects.
2. Overexpression of efflux pumps: Fungi can increase the expression of genes that encode for efflux pumps, which are proteins that help fungi expel drugs from their cells. This can reduce the intracellular concentration of the drug and make it less effective.
3. Changes in membrane composition: Fungi can alter the composition of their cell membranes to make them less permeable to antifungal drugs, making it more difficult for the drugs to enter the fungal cells and exert their effects.
4. Biofilm formation: Fungi can form biofilms, which are complex communities of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and are protected by a matrix of extracellular material. Biofilms can make fungi more resistant to antifungal drugs by limiting drug penetration and creating an environment that promotes the development of resistance.

Fungal drug resistance is a significant clinical problem, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer. It can lead to treatment failures, increased morbidity and mortality, and higher healthcare costs. To address this issue, there is a need for new antifungal drugs, as well as strategies to prevent and manage drug resistance.

Thiram is not typically considered a medical term, but it is a chemical compound that has been used in some medical and healthcare settings. Thiram is an organic compound that belongs to the class of chemicals known as dithiocarbamates. It is primarily used as a fungicide to prevent fungal growth on crops such as potatoes, beans, and nuts.

In medical contexts, thiram has been used in some topical creams and ointments as an antifungal agent to treat skin conditions like athlete's foot and ringworm. However, its use in medicine is relatively limited due to concerns about its potential toxicity and environmental impact.

It is important to note that the use of thiram in topical medications has declined over time, and it is not commonly used in modern medical practice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for accurate information regarding medical treatments and therapies.

Ascomycota is a phylum in the kingdom Fungi, also known as sac fungi. This group includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms, such as yeasts, mold species, and morel mushrooms. Ascomycetes are characterized by their reproductive structures called ascus, which contain typically eight haploid spores produced sexually through a process called ascogony. Some members of this phylum have significant ecological and economic importance, as they can be decomposers, mutualistic symbionts, or plant pathogens causing various diseases. Examples include the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea, and morel mushroom Morchella esculenta.

A plant disease is a disorder that affects the normal growth and development of plants, caused by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or nematodes, as well as environmental factors like nutrient deficiencies, extreme temperatures, or physical damage. These diseases can cause various symptoms, including discoloration, wilting, stunted growth, necrosis, and reduced yield or productivity, which can have significant economic and ecological impacts.

Multiple drug resistance in fungi refers to the ability of certain fungal strains or species to resist the effects of multiple antifungal agents. This occurs when these organisms develop mechanisms that prevent the drugs from interfering with their growth and survival. As a result, the drugs become less effective or even completely ineffective at treating fungal infections caused by these resistant strains or species.

Multiple drug resistance in fungi can arise due to various factors, including genetic mutations, overuse or misuse of antifungal agents, and the ability of fungi to exchange genetic material with other fungi. This makes treatment of fungal infections more challenging, as doctors may need to use higher doses of drugs or try alternative therapies that may have more side effects or be less effective.

Multiple drug resistance in fungi is a significant concern in healthcare settings, particularly for patients who are immunocompromised or have underlying medical conditions that make them more susceptible to fungal infections. It is essential to take measures to prevent the development and spread of multiple drug-resistant fungi, such as using antifungal agents appropriately, practicing good infection control practices, and conducting surveillance for resistant strains.

Triazoles are a class of antifungal medications that have broad-spectrum activity against various fungi, including yeasts, molds, and dermatophytes. They work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes, leading to increased permeability and disruption of fungal growth. Triazoles are commonly used in both systemic and topical formulations for the treatment of various fungal infections, such as candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and dermatophytoses. Some examples of triazole antifungals include fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole.

Pesticides are substances or mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or repelling pests. Pests can be insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, or other organisms that can cause damage to crops, animals, or humans and their living conditions. The term "pesticide" includes all of the following: insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, bactericides, and various other substances used to control pests.

It is important to note that while pesticides are designed to be toxic to the target pests, they can also pose risks to non-target organisms, including humans, if not used properly. Therefore, it is essential to follow all label instructions and safety precautions when handling and applying pesticides.

Captan is a broad-spectrum fungicide that is used to prevent and control various fungal diseases in crops such as fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Its chemical name is N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide. It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi, preventing the spread of disease in plants.

Captan is often applied as a powder or spray to plant surfaces and can be used on both pre- and post-harvest crops. While it is generally considered safe for use, captan can be toxic to humans and other animals if ingested or inhaled in large quantities. Therefore, it is important to follow all safety guidelines when handling this chemical.

It's worth noting that captan is not used in medical context, but rather in agricultural and horticultural settings.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "pest control" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Pest control refers to the regulation or management of species considered to be pests, which can include insects, rodents, and other organisms that can cause damage to crops, transmit diseases, or otherwise negatively impact human activities.

In a medical context, you might be looking for information on "pesticide exposure" or "insect-borne diseases." Pesticide exposure refers to the contact with pesticides, which are substances used to control pests. These exposures can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact and may lead to a variety of health effects depending on the type and amount of pesticide involved. Insect-borne diseases are illnesses transmitted to humans through the bite of infected insects, such as mosquitoes, ticks, or fleas. Examples include malaria, Lyme disease, and Zika virus infection.

Hydantoins are a class of chemical compounds that contain a five-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms, with one of the nitrogens being part of a urea group. They are important in medicine as a specific group of anticonvulsant drugs used to treat seizures, known as hydantoin derivatives or hydantoins proper. The most well-known example is phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin), which has been widely used for this purpose since the 1930s.

The structure of hydantoins allows them to interact with and stabilize voltage-gated sodium channels in the brain, reducing their excitability and thus the likelihood of seizures. However, long-term use of hydantoin derivatives can lead to several side effects, including dizziness, unsteady gait, tremors, and behavioral changes. Regular monitoring of blood levels is necessary to ensure safe and effective treatment with these medications.

"Fusarium" is a genus of fungi that are widely distributed in the environment, particularly in soil, water, and on plants. They are known to cause a variety of diseases in animals, including humans, as well as in plants. In humans, Fusarium species can cause localized and systemic infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. These infections often manifest as keratitis (eye infection), onychomycosis (nail infection), and invasive fusariosis, which can affect various organs such as the lungs, brain, and bloodstream. Fusarium species produce a variety of toxins that can contaminate crops and pose a threat to food safety and human health.

Mycelium is not a specifically medical term, but it is a biological term used in fungi and other organisms. Medically, it might be relevant in certain contexts such as discussing fungal infections. Here's the general definition:

Mycelium (my-SEE-lee-um) is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. It is the underground portion of the fungus that supports the growth of the organism and is often responsible for the decomposition of organic material. Mycelium can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and dead or living organisms.

"Triticum" is the genus name for a group of cereal grains that includes common wheat (T. aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), and spelt (T. spelta). These grains are important sources of food for humans, providing carbohydrates, proteins, and various nutrients. They are used to make a variety of foods such as bread, pasta, and breakfast cereals. Triticum species are also known as "wheat" in layman's terms.

Carboxin is an agricultural fungicide used to control various fungal diseases in crops. It works by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiration of the fungi, preventing them from growing and spreading. Carboxin is not typically used as a medical treatment and therefore does not have a standard medical definition in the context of human health.

Carbamates are a group of organic compounds that contain the carbamate functional group, which is a carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen and single-bonded to a nitrogen atom (> N-C=O). In the context of pharmaceuticals and agriculture, carbamates are a class of drugs and pesticides that have carbamate as their core structure.

Carbamate insecticides work by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synapses of the nervous system. When this enzyme is inhibited, acetylcholine accumulates in the synaptic cleft, leading to overstimulation of the nervous system and ultimately causing paralysis and death in insects.

Carbamate drugs are used for a variety of medical indications, including as anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, and psychotropic medications. They work by modulating various neurotransmitter systems in the brain, such as GABA, glutamate, and dopamine. Carbamates can also be used as anti- parasitic agents, such as ivermectin, which is effective against a range of parasites including nematodes, arthropods, and some protozoa.

It's important to note that carbamate pesticides can be toxic to non-target organisms, including humans, if not used properly. Therefore, it's essential to follow all safety guidelines when handling or using these products.

Methacrylates are a group of chemical compounds that contain the methacrylate functional group, which is a vinyl group (CH2=CH-) with a carbonyl group (C=O) at the β-position. This structure gives them unique chemical and physical properties, such as low viscosity, high reactivity, and resistance to heat and chemicals.

In medical terms, methacrylates are used in various biomedical applications, such as dental restorative materials, bone cements, and drug delivery systems. For example, methacrylate-based resins are commonly used in dentistry for fillings, crowns, and bridges due to their excellent mechanical properties and adhesion to tooth structures.

However, there have been concerns about the potential toxicity of methacrylates, particularly their ability to release monomers that can cause allergic reactions, irritation, or even mutagenic effects in some individuals. Therefore, it is essential to use these materials with caution and follow proper handling and safety protocols.

Sterol 14-demethylase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of sterols, particularly ergosterol in fungi and cholesterol in animals. This enzyme is classified as a cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme and is located in the endoplasmic reticulum.

The function of sterol 14-demethylase is to remove methyl groups from the sterol molecule at the 14th position, which is a necessary step in the biosynthesis of ergosterol or cholesterol. Inhibition of this enzyme can disrupt the normal functioning of cell membranes and lead to various physiological changes, including impaired growth and development.

Sterol 14-demethylase inhibitors (SDIs) are a class of antifungal drugs that target this enzyme and are used to treat fungal infections. Examples of SDIs include fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. These drugs work by binding to the heme group of the enzyme and inhibiting its activity, leading to the accumulation of toxic sterol intermediates and disruption of fungal cell membranes.

Beekeeping is not a medical term, but rather it refers to the practice of maintaining bee colonies in hives to collect honey and other products such as beeswax, pollen, and royal jelly. Beekeepers also rent out their hives to farmers for crop pollination. While beekeeping itself is not a medical field, honeybees do play an important role in medicine and health due to the therapeutic properties of some of their products. For example, honey has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and can be used as a topical treatment for wounds and burns. Additionally, bee venom therapy is an alternative medicine practice that involves the use of controlled bee stings to treat various health conditions such as arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Chemical safety refers to the practices, procedures, and measures taken to ensure the safe handling, use, storage, and disposal of chemicals in order to protect people, animals, and the environment from harm. This includes identifying potential hazards associated with chemicals, assessing risks, implementing control measures, providing appropriate training and personal protective equipment (PPE), and regularly monitoring and auditing chemical safety practices. The ultimate goal of chemical safety is to minimize or eliminate exposure to potentially harmful substances and prevent accidents, incidents, and exposures that could result in injury, illness, or damage to the environment.

Pesticide residues refer to the remaining pesticide chemicals, including their metabolites and degradation products, that are present in or on food commodities or environmental samples after a pesticide application has ended. These residues can result from agricultural use, such as spraying crops to control pests, or from non-agricultural uses, like treating buildings for termite control.

Regulatory agencies establish maximum residue limits (MRLs) to ensure that the levels of pesticide residues in food and feed are below those that may pose a risk to human health. Monitoring programs are in place to check compliance with these MRLs, and enforcement actions can be taken if violations occur.

It's important to note that not all pesticide residues are harmful, as some pesticides degrade into harmless compounds over time or leave behind residues below levels of concern for human health. However, long-term exposure to even low levels of certain pesticide residues may still pose a risk and should be avoided when possible.

'Botrytis' is a genus of saprophytic fungi that are commonly known as "gray mold" or "noble rot." The term is used to describe various species within the Botrytis genus, but the most well-known and economically significant species is Botrytis cinerea.

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that can infect and cause decay in a wide range of plant hosts, including fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. The fungus typically enters the host through wounds, dead tissue, or natural openings such as stomata. Once inside, it produces enzymes that break down plant cells, allowing it to feed on the decaying matter.

In some cases, Botrytis cinerea can cause significant economic losses in agricultural crops, particularly when conditions are conducive to its growth and spread, such as high humidity and cool temperatures. However, the fungus is also responsible for the production of some highly valued wines, such as Sauternes and Tokaji Aszú, where it infects grapes and causes them to dehydrate and shrivel, concentrating their sugars and flavors. This process is known as "noble rot" and can result in complex, richly flavored wines with distinctive aromas and flavors.

I apologize for any confusion, but "dioxoles" is not a medical term or concept. It is a chemical term that refers to a specific type of organic compound containing a dioxole ring, which is a six-membered ring consisting of two oxygen atoms and two carbon atoms. Dioxoles can be found in various natural and synthetic substances, but they are not typically relevant to medical definitions or concepts.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help answer them for you.

Fungi, in the context of medical definitions, are a group of eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. The study of fungi is known as mycology.

Fungi can exist as unicellular organisms or as multicellular filamentous structures called hyphae. They are heterotrophs, which means they obtain their nutrients by decomposing organic matter or by living as parasites on other organisms. Some fungi can cause various diseases in humans, animals, and plants, known as mycoses. These infections range from superficial, localized skin infections to systemic, life-threatening invasive diseases.

Examples of fungal infections include athlete's foot (tinea pedis), ringworm (dermatophytosis), candidiasis (yeast infection), histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and aspergillosis. Fungal infections can be challenging to treat due to the limited number of antifungal drugs available and the potential for drug resistance.

Ethylenethiourea is defined as a white, crystalline solid with a slightly bitter taste and an odorless property. It is used as a stabilizer in certain industrial processes and products, such as rubber and pesticides. In the medical field, ethylenethiourea has been studied for its potential effects on human health.

It is known to have reproductive and developmental toxicity, and it has been classified as a possible human carcinogen by some organizations. However, exposure to ethylenethiourea through consumer products or the environment is generally low, and the risk it poses to human health is considered to be minimal.

It's important to note that this compound should be handled with care in industrial settings due to its potential hazards. As with any chemical, it's essential to follow proper safety protocols and guidelines when working with ethylenethiourea or any products containing it.

"Peronospora" is a genus of oomycetes, which are organisms that were once classified as fungi but are now known to be more closely related to brown algae and diatoms. These microorganisms are commonly known as downy mildews and can cause significant damage to crops and plants.

Peronospora species are obligate parasites, meaning they require a living host to complete their life cycle. They infect plant tissues through the production of spores that are disseminated by wind or water. Once inside the plant, the spores germinate and produce feeding structures called haustoria that penetrate the plant cells and absorb nutrients.

Peronospora infections can cause a range of symptoms in plants, including leaf spots, stem lesions, and stunted growth. In severe cases, the entire plant may be killed. Some Peronospora species are also known to produce toxins that can further damage the plant.

In medical terms, Peronospora infections are not typically considered a direct threat to human health. However, they can have significant economic impacts on agriculture and food production, which can indirectly affect human health by reducing the availability and increasing the cost of fresh produce. Additionally, some Peronospora species are known to infect medical plants, which could potentially lead to contamination of medical products.

'Cucurbita' is a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. This genus includes several species of plants that are commonly known as squashes or gourds, such as pumpkins, zucchinis, and acorn squashes. The fruits of these plants are widely cultivated and consumed for their nutritional value and versatility in cooking.

The name 'Cucurbita' comes from the Latin word for "gourd" or "pumpkin." Plants in this genus are native to the Americas, with some species originating in Mexico and Central America and others in the southern United States. They have been cultivated by humans for thousands of years and are an important part of many traditional diets around the world.

In a medical context, 'Cucurbita' may be mentioned in relation to the use of certain species as traditional remedies or in nutritional studies. For example, pumpkin seeds have been used in traditional medicine to treat parasitic infections, and some research suggests that they may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, it is important to note that the scientific evidence for these potential health benefits is still limited, and more research is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn.

Benomyl is a systemic fungicide that is derived from methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of microtubules in fungal cells, which are necessary for cell division and growth. Benomyl is used to control a wide range of fungal diseases in crops such as cereals, fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. However, it has been banned or restricted in many countries due to its potential toxicity to non-target organisms, including humans.

In medical contexts, benomyl is not used as a drug or therapy. It can be harmful if ingested, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin, and may cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, and respiratory difficulties. Long-term exposure to benomyl has been linked to neurological and reproductive effects in animals, but its effects on human health are not well understood.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Oxazoles" is not a medical term, it is a chemical term. Oxazoles are heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds that contain a five-membered ring made up of one nitrogen atom, one oxygen atom, and three carbon atoms. They have the molecular formula C4H4NO.

Oxazoles do not have specific medical relevance, but they can be found in some natural and synthetic substances, including certain drugs and bioactive molecules. Some oxazole-containing compounds have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. However, these studies are primarily within the field of chemistry and pharmacology, not medicine itself.

Trichothecenes are a group of chemically related toxic compounds called sesquiterpenoids produced by various species of fungi, particularly those in the genera Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, and Stachybotrys. These toxins can contaminate crops and cause a variety of adverse health effects in humans and animals that consume or come into contact with the contaminated material.

Trichothecenes can be classified into four types (A, B, C, and D) based on their chemical structure. Type A trichothecenes include T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol, while type B trichothecenes include deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol.

Exposure to trichothecenes can cause a range of symptoms, including skin irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and immune system suppression. In severe cases, exposure to high levels of these toxins can lead to neurological problems, hemorrhage, and even death.

It is important to note that trichothecenes are not typically considered infectious agents, but rather toxin-producing molds that can contaminate food and other materials. Proper handling, storage, and preparation of food can help reduce the risk of exposure to these toxins.

Antifungal agents are a type of medication used to treat and prevent fungal infections. These agents work by targeting and disrupting the growth of fungi, which include yeasts, molds, and other types of fungi that can cause illness in humans.

There are several different classes of antifungal agents, including:

1. Azoles: These agents work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes. Examples of azole antifungals include fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole.
2. Echinocandins: These agents target the fungal cell wall, disrupting its synthesis and leading to fungal cell death. Examples of echinocandins include caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin.
3. Polyenes: These agents bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, creating pores that lead to fungal cell death. Examples of polyene antifungals include amphotericin B and nystatin.
4. Allylamines: These agents inhibit squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in ergosterol synthesis. Examples of allylamine antifungals include terbinafine and naftifine.
5. Griseofulvin: This agent disrupts fungal cell division by binding to tubulin, a protein involved in fungal cell mitosis.

Antifungal agents can be administered topically, orally, or intravenously, depending on the severity and location of the infection. It is important to use antifungal agents only as directed by a healthcare professional, as misuse or overuse can lead to resistance and make treatment more difficult.

Thiabendazole is a medication that belongs to the class of antiparasitic drugs. It works by inhibiting the growth of parasites, particularly roundworms, hookworms, and threadworms, in the body. Thiabendazole is used to treat a variety of infections caused by these parasites, including intestinal infections, skin infections, and eye infections. It may also be used to prevent certain parasitic infections in people who are at high risk.

Thiabendazole works by interfering with the metabolism of the parasite's cells, which ultimately leads to their death. The medication is available in both oral and topical forms, depending on the type of infection being treated. Thiabendazole is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It may also interact with other medications, so it's important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before starting thiabendazole therapy.

It is important to note that Thiabendazole should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional and should not be used for self-treatment without proper medical advice.

Dioxolanes are a class of organic compounds that contain a five-membered ring consisting of two carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and two adjacent oxygen or sulfur atoms. The general structure of dioxolane is C2O2S2 or C2O3. These compounds are often used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds due to their high reactivity and ability to act as protecting groups for carbonyl functionalities. Dioxolanes can also be found naturally in some foods and plants.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Museums" are not a medical term and do not have a medical definition. The term "museum" generally refers to a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of objects for the public to view, learn from, and enjoy. These collections can include art, historical items, scientific specimens, and more. If you have any questions about a specific medical topic, I'd be happy to help answer those for you!

Dimethyldithiocarbamate is a chemical compound with the formula (CH3)2NCS2-. It is a salt or ester of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. This compound is used in various industrial and agricultural applications, such as a fungicide and a corrosion inhibitor.

In medical contexts, dimethyldithiocarbamate compounds have been studied for their potential therapeutic effects. For example, some derivatives of dimethyldithiocarbamate have been shown to have antioxidant properties and may help protect against oxidative stress in the body. Additionally, certain dimethyldithiocarbamate compounds have been investigated for their potential anti-inflammatory effects and may be useful in treating conditions associated with chronic inflammation.

However, it is important to note that dimethyldithiocarbamate compounds can also have toxic effects on the body, particularly at high doses. Therefore, they must be used carefully and under medical supervision if they are to be used for therapeutic purposes.

I apologize for any confusion, but "agriculture" is not a term that has a medical definition. Agriculture refers to the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants, and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. It is an important industry and practice that has been developed over thousands of years and continues to play a critical role in global food production and security.

Chaetomium is a genus of saprophytic fungi that are commonly found in soil, decaying plant and animal matter, and dung. The name "Chaetomium" comes from the Greek words "chaete," meaning "long hair," and "tomi," meaning "to cut." This refers to the characteristic long, bristle-like hairs on the ascospores (sexual spores) of these fungi.

Chaetomium species are known for their ability to produce a wide range of enzymes and secondary metabolites, including various pigments, antibiotics, and mycotoxins. Some Chaetomium species have been reported to cause infections in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. However, such infections are relatively rare.

In a medical context, the term "Chaetomium" typically refers to the fungal genus as a whole or to specific species within it, rather than to any particular medical definition or condition. If you have any concerns about Chaetomium or other fungi, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional or mycologist for further information and advice.

"Azoles" is a class of antifungal medications that have a similar chemical structure, specifically a five-membered ring containing nitrogen and two carbon atoms (a "azole ring"). The most common azoles used in medicine include:

1. Imidazoles: These include drugs such as clotrimazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole. They are used to treat a variety of fungal infections, including vaginal yeast infections, thrush, and skin infections.
2. Triazoles: These include drugs such as fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole. They are also used to treat fungal infections, but have a broader spectrum of activity than imidazoles and are often used for more serious or systemic infections.

Azoles work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. This leads to increased permeability of the cell membrane, which ultimately results in fungal cell death.

While azoles are generally well-tolerated, they can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In addition, some azoles can interact with other medications and affect liver function, so it's important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before starting an azole regimen.

"Penicillium" is not a medical term per se, but it is a genus of mold that is widely used in the field of medicine, specifically in the production of antibiotics. Here's a scientific definition:

Penicillium is a genus of ascomycete fungi that are commonly found in the environment, particularly in soil, decaying vegetation, and food. Many species of Penicillium produce penicillin, a group of antibiotics with activity against gram-positive bacteria. The discovery and isolation of penicillin from Penicillium notatum by Alexander Fleming in 1928 revolutionized the field of medicine and led to the development of modern antibiotic therapy. Since then, various species of Penicillium have been used in the industrial production of penicillin and other antibiotics, as well as in the production of enzymes, organic acids, and other industrial products.

Herbicides are a type of pesticide used to control or kill unwanted plants, also known as weeds. They work by interfering with the growth processes of the plant, such as inhibiting photosynthesis, disrupting cell division, or preventing the plant from producing certain essential proteins.

Herbicides can be classified based on their mode of action, chemical composition, and the timing of their application. Some herbicides are selective, meaning they target specific types of weeds while leaving crops unharmed, while others are non-selective and will kill any plant they come into contact with.

It's important to use herbicides responsibly and according to the manufacturer's instructions, as they can have negative impacts on the environment and human health if not used properly.

"Prunus" is a term that refers to a genus of plants, which includes many familiar fruits such as plums, cherries, peaches, and almonds. It's not a medical term, but rather a botanical one. The fruit of these plants are often used in food medicine due to their nutritional value and health benefits. For example, prunes (dried plums) are known for their laxative effects. However, the plant itself or its extracts can also have medicinal uses, mainly as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cardioprotective agents.

Fungal spores are defined as the reproductive units of fungi that are produced by specialized structures called hyphae. These spores are typically single-celled and can exist in various shapes such as round, oval, or ellipsoidal. They are highly resistant to extreme environmental conditions like heat, cold, and dryness, which allows them to survive for long periods until they find a suitable environment to germinate and grow into a new fungal organism. Fungal spores can be found in the air, water, soil, and on various surfaces, making them easily dispersible and capable of causing infections in humans, animals, and plants.

Acaricides are a type of pesticide that are specifically used to kill acarines, which are mites and ticks. These agents work by targeting the nervous system of the acarines, leading to paralysis and eventually death. Acaricides are commonly used in agricultural settings to protect crops from mite infestations, and in medical and veterinary settings to control ticks and mites that can transmit diseases to humans and animals. It is important to use acaricides according to the manufacturer's instructions and to take appropriate safety precautions to minimize exposure to non-target organisms, including humans.

Oomycetes, also known as water molds or downy mildews, are a group of primarily aquatic, filamentous microorganisms. They were once classified as fungi due to their similar morphology and ecological roles, but they are now known to be more closely related to brown algae and diatoms.

Oomycetes have cell walls made of cellulose and unique osmotically active compounds called cell wall glycoproteins. They reproduce both sexually and asexually, producing structures such as zoospores that can swim through water to find new hosts. Oomycetes are parasites or saprophytes, feeding on other organisms or dead organic matter.

Some oomycetes are important plant pathogens, causing diseases such as potato blight (Phytophthora infestans) and sudden oak death (Phytophthora ramorum). They can cause significant damage to crops and natural ecosystems, making them a focus of study in plant pathology.

'Alternaria' is a genus of widely distributed saprophytic fungi that are often found in soil, plant debris, and water. They produce darkly pigmented, septate hyphae and conidia (asexual spores) that are characterized by their distinctive beak-like projections.

Alternaria species can cause various types of plant diseases, including leaf spots, blights, and rots, which can result in significant crop losses. They also produce a variety of mycotoxins, which can have harmful effects on human and animal health.

In humans, Alternaria species can cause allergic reactions, such as hay fever and asthma, as well as skin and respiratory tract infections. Exposure to Alternaria spores is also a known risk factor for the development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), a condition characterized by inflammation and scarring of the lungs.

It's important to note that medical definitions can vary depending on the context, so it may be helpful to consult a reliable medical or scientific source for more specific information about Alternaria and its potential health effects.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Prince Edward Island" is not a medical term or concept. It is a province located in eastern Canada, known for its beautiful landscapes, red sand beaches, and the setting of the beloved novel "Anne of Green Gables." If you have any questions related to medical topics, I'd be happy to help!

Toluidines are a group of organic compounds that consist of a benzene ring with two methyl groups and an amine group. They are derivatives of toluene, hence the name. There are three isomers of toluidines, depending on the position of the amino group: ortho-toluidine, meta-toluidine, and para-toluidine.

In a medical context, toluidines may be used as chemical reagents for diagnostic tests or in research. For example, they have been used in histology to stain tissues for microscopic examination. However, exposure to toluidines has been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, so appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling these chemicals.

Agrochemicals are a broad range of chemical products used in agriculture to enhance crop production and protect plants from pests. They include fertilizers, which provide nutrients to plants, and pesticides, which include herbicides (weed killers), insecticides (insect killers), fungicides (fungus killers), and other substances used to control pests. Agrochemicals are used to improve crop yield, quality, and resistance to environmental stressors, but their use can also have negative impacts on the environment and human health if not managed properly.

Rhizoctonia is a genus of saprophytic and facultative parasitic fungi that belong to the order Corticiales. It is widely distributed in soil and on plant debris, and can cause various plant diseases known as "rhizoctonioses." The most common species associated with plant pathogenicity is Rhizoctonia solani. These fungi infect a wide range of plants, including crops, turfgrass, and ornamentals, causing symptoms such as root rot, stem canker, damping-off, and wirestem blight. The fungus can also form sclerotia, which are compact masses of hardened fungal mycelium that can survive in the soil for many years, serving as a source of infection for future plant growth.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Malus" is not a medical term. It is a genus name in the plant kingdom, referring to the apple tree. If you have a different term or concept in mind, please provide it so I can give you an accurate definition or explanation.

Acrylates are a group of chemical compounds that are derived from acrylic acid. They are commonly used in various industrial and commercial applications, including the production of plastics, resins, paints, and adhesives. In the medical field, acrylates are sometimes used in the formation of dental restorations, such as fillings and dentures, due to their strong bonding properties and durability.

However, it is important to note that some people may have allergic reactions or sensitivities to acrylates, which can cause skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis, or other adverse effects. Therefore, medical professionals must use caution when working with these materials and ensure that patients are informed of any potential risks associated with their use.

"Fragaria" is the genus name for plants in the family Rosaceae, which includes various species of strawberries. These plants are native to temperate regions of the world and are widely cultivated for their edible fruits. The term "Fragaria" itself does not have a specific medical definition, but certain compounds found in strawberries, such as flavonoids and vitamin C, have been studied for potential health benefits.

Linuron is a type of pesticide called a selective herbicide, which is used to control weeds in various crops such as corn, soybeans, and vegetables. It works by inhibiting the growth of susceptible plants, causing them to die. Linuron is absorbed by the leaves and roots of the plants and moves throughout the plant to provide long-lasting control of weeds.

It is important to note that linuron can be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin. It can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects. Therefore, it is essential to follow all safety guidelines when using linuron or any other pesticide.

Individual Fungicides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.o12_o06. ISBN ... Mancozeb - A common fungicide containing Zineb and Maneb. "Zinc, [[2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato(2-)-kappaS, ... This pale yellow solid is used as fungicide. It is produced by treating ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) sodium salt, "nabam", ... Metam sodium - A related dithiocarbamate salt which is also used as a fungicide. Maneb - ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) with ...
Individual Fungicides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.o12_o06. ISBN ... It is a fungicide derived from phthalimide (C6H4(CO)2N-) and trichloromethylsulfenyl chloride. The compound is white although ... It is structurally related to Captan, which is also a trichloromethylsulfenyl-containing fungicide. As of December 2019[update ... Franz Müller; Peter Ackermann; Paul Margot (2012). "Fungicides, Agricultural, 2. ...
"Fungicides, Agricultural, 2. Individual Fungicides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi: ... Benomyl (also marketed as Benlate) is a fungicide introduced in 1968 by DuPont. It is a systemic benzimidazole fungicide that ... It has an arbitrary LD50 of "greater than 10,000 mg/kg/day for rats". Skin irritation may occur through industrial exposure, ... Fungicides, Benzimidazoles, Carbamates, Suspected testicular toxicants, Microtubule inhibitors, Guanidines). ...
A. P. Sinha; Kishan Singh; Amar Nath Mukhopadhyay (1988). Soil fungicides. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-4548-7. Kishan Singh; V P ... The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded ... He has published his research findings by way of articles and books, which include Soil fungicides (2 volumes), Recent advances ... "Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners" (PDF). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. 1999. p. 36. Archived ...
Individual Fungicides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.o12_o06. ISBN ... www.chemsoc.org/pdf/gcn/Industrial.pdf Archived 2001-07-06 at the Wayback Machine Industrial Copolymers Limited. International ... Some are commercial fungicides including chlozolinate, vinclozolin, and famoxadone. Neil G Carter OXAZOLIDINE DILUENTS: ... Franz Müller; Peter Ackermann; Paul Margot (2012). "Fungicides, Agricultural, 2. ...
Ackermann, Peter; Margot, Paul; Müller, Franz (2000). "Fungicides, Agricultural". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ... fungicides in phytopathogenic fungi". Crop Protection. 29 (7): 643-651. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2010.02.019. Worthing C.R., ed. ( ...
"Fungicides, Agricultural, 2. Individual Fungicides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi: ...
Ackermann, Peter; Margot, Paul; Müller, Franz (2000). "Fungicides, Agricultural". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ... Pyrazophos is an organic compound used as a fungicide and an insecticide. Pyrazophos is a systemic fungicide which is used in ... Fungicides, Insecticides, Ethyl esters, Organophosphates, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...
Individual Fungicides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.o12_o06. ISBN ... Although it has been used as a fungicide in agricultural applications, this application is now decreasing as the health risks ... Cycloheximide is a naturally occurring fungicide produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Cycloheximide exerts its ... Acetoxycycloheximide Cycloheximide chase Müller, Franz; Ackermann, Peter; Margot, Paul (2012). "Fungicides, Agricultural, 2. ...
"Fungicides, Agricultural, 2. Individual Fungicides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi: ... In 1997, the most recent year for which data are available, it was the third most used fungicide in the US, behind only sulfur ... Its mechanism of action is similar to that of trichloromethyl sulfenyl fungicides such as captan and folpet. According to the ... Cox, Caroline (1997), "Fungicide Factsheet: Chlorothalonil", Journal of Pesticide Reform, 17 (4): 14-20, archived from the ...
Individual Fungicides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.o12_o06. ISBN ... Franz Müller; Peter Ackermann; Paul Margot (2012). "Fungicides, Agricultural, 2. ... One commercial example is the fungicide fosetyl-Al with the formula [C2H5OP(H)O2]3Al. Pyrophosphites (diphosphites) can be ... the regulatory complication and negative public perceptions that might have been incurred by registering them as fungicides. A ...
"Fungicides, Agricultural, 2. Individual Fungicides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi: ... A key finding for captan (and folpet) is these fungicides are not mutagenic in the animal (in vivo). It is the product of the ... Captan is a general use pesticide (GUP) that belongs to the phthalimide class of fungicides. It is a white solid, although ... Review of Fungicides for Control of Phytophthora and Pythium Diseases on Potted Ornamentals EPA Captan Reregistration ...
Individual Fungicides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.o12_o06. ISBN ... Fosetyl-Al is an organophosphorus compound that is used as a fungicide. With the formula [C2H5OP(H)O2]3Al. It is derived from ... Franz Müller; Peter Ackermann; Paul Margot (2012). "Fungicides, Agricultural, 2. ...
Ackermann, Peter; Margot, Paul; Müller, Franz (2000). "Fungicides, Agricultural". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ... Benzyl cyanide is used as a solvent and as a starting material in the synthesis of fungicides (.e.g. Fenapanil), fragrances ( ... Hropot, Max; Lang, Hans-Jochen (2000). "Diuretics". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a09_ ... Bub, Oskar; Friedrich, Ludwig (2000). "Cough Remedies". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007. ...
It is the world's biggest-selling fungicide. Other commercial fungicides developed from the strobilurins include kresoxim- ... Hofrichter M. (2010). Industrial Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 137. ISBN 978-3-642-11457-1. Kim BS, Hwang BK ( ... Derivatives of these compounds are used as an important class of agricultural fungicides. The species was first described as ... Bartlett DW, Clough JM, Godwin JR, Hall AA, Hamer M, Parr-Dobrzanski B (2004). "The strobilurin fungicides". Pest Management ...
Holton, E. C. (1926). "Insecticides and Fungicides". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 18 (9): 931-933. doi:10.1021/ ... ISBN 978-0-19-280495-2. Cross, J. D.; Dale, I. M.; Leslie, A. C. D.; Smith, H. (1979). "Industrial exposure to arsenic". ... Organic arsenic compounds may, however, occur where waters are significantly impacted by industrial pollution. Arsenic may be ... "Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_ ...
Muller F et al; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (1999-2012). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Fungicides, ... Etridiazole is a fungicide and pesticide used for prevention of pythium ultimum on cotton plants. Etridiazole can be ... ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004 ... Etridazole (2593-15-9) (2008-2010) "Applying a Fungicide May Prevent Cotton Replanting". Ag Alert. March 27, 2002. ...
In an Austrian study, people who live near industrial sites are "more often unemployed, have lower education levels, and are ... fungicides, etc.) Mercury-containing wastes (thermometers, switches, fluorescent lighting, etc.) Electronics (computers, ... F-List materials were identified as non-specific industrial practices waste, K-List materials were wastes generated from ... Most flammable materials can be recycled into industrial fuel. Some materials with hazardous constituents can be recycled, such ...
Individual Fungicides" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.o12_o06 " ... In general, fungicides have been shown to circulate through the water and air, and it possible for them to end up on untreated ... Agricultural Data Call-In (AGDCI), to estimate what happens to workers after they apply the fungicide, was issued in 1995. In ... Consumers alone cannot easily reduce their exposure because fungicides are not removed from produce that is washed with tap ...
Common xenohormones in plastics and other industrial compounds include BPA, Phthalates, PVC, and PCBs. These can be found in ... Xenohormones are also found in certain pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Plastics Xenohormones are found in almost all ...
The copper is the primary bactericide and fungicide agent. The quaternary ammonium cation is added to prevent growth of copper- ... ACQ is applied at a timber treatment plants by industrial vacuum-pressure impregnation.[citation needed] Bunks of dried lumber ... DDA chloride is approved as germicide, fungicide, and algicide for disinfectant products that have been used for decades in ... hospitals and other commercial and industrial establishments. ADBA chloride has been used in commercial products in the US ...
"Tributyltins" are used as industrial biocides, e.g. as antifungal agents in textiles and paper, wood pulp and paper mill ... Depending on the organic groups, they can be powerful bactericides and fungicides. Reflecting their high bioactivity, " ... G. G. Graf (2005). "Tin, Tin Alloys, and Tin Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ... Triphenyltin derivatives are used as active components of antifungal paints and agricultural fungicides. Other triorganotins ...
... a primary industrial chemical. Other well-known uses for the element are in matches, insecticides and fungicides. Many sulfur ... These include direct industrial building use of clays, silica sand and stone. Silica is used in ceramic brick. Silicate goes ... Argon is mostly used as an inert shielding gas in welding and other high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily non- ... Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_527.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732. Nielsen, Forrest H. ( ...
For example, it is a precursor to the fungicide mepanipyrim. Dehydration of formanilide gives phenylisocyanide. Bipp, H.; ... Kieczka, H. (2012). "Formamides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a12 ...
Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; ... fungicides, herbicides Class 6. Common metals and their alloys; metal building materials; transportable buildings of metal; ... Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; dust absorbing, wetting and binding compositions; fuels(including motor spirit) and ... a government agency that reports to the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), under the Ministry of Commerce ...
Due to it being a copper metal salt it can be used as a fungicide, it works by denaturating proteins and enzymes in cells of ... Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_567. ISBN 3527306730. Shoemaker, G. L.; Anderson, J. B ... Many other copper salts, such as copper sulfate, are used as fungicides. Another use of copper(II) phosphate is as a fertilizer ... "Copper Fungicides for Organic and Conventional Disease Management in Vegetables , Cornell Vegetables". www.vegetables.cornell. ...
An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in industrial agriculture. ... Pesticides Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides Algaecides Rodenticides Molluscicides Nematicides Fertilisers Soil conditioners ... Agrichemical refers to biocides (pesticides including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and nematicides) and synthetic ... Industrial agriculture, Nutrient pollution, Organic farming, All stub articles, Agriculture stubs). ...
... and against germs in industrial water. In the US, TCMTB is used as a fungicide for seed dressing in cereals, safflower, cotton ... TCMTB is used as wideband microbicide, paint fungicide, and paint gallicide. The active substance approved in 1980 in the ... Thomas Swan: Coating Additives & Leather Fungicides Record of CAS RN 21564-17-0 in the GESTIS Substance Database of the ...
Sand, sugar, brix fertilizers, hair spray, fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides. Microscopic glass beads: Cannabis buds was ... Sometimes cannabis is adulterated with other binding substances including industrial glues such as neoprene, tar, ammonia, ...
Barium polysulfide is a fungicide and acaricide used in fruit and grape growing. Bismuth compounds have been used because of ... Tetrabutyltin is used as an antifouling paint for ships, for the prevention of slimes in industrial recirculating water systems ... Copper sulfate mixed with lime (Bordeaux mixture) is used as a fungicide and antihelminthic. Copper sulfate is used chiefly to ... Triphenyltin hydroxide and triphenyltin acetate are used as fungicides. Zinc oxide is used as a weak antiseptic and in paints ...
New research has shown a link between the use of fungicides on crops and the decline in populations of wild bees. ... Fungicides may be one of several factors which are causing this.. Farmers and governments urged to take action. One significant ... "Farmers could apply fungicides pre- or post- bloom to avoid putting bees in contact with the chemicals. Unfortunately fungal ... "At this point in time FAO is not advocating for restrictions on the use of a given pesticide or fungicide that is both in ...
Industrial" by people in this website by year, and whether "Fungicides, Industrial" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Fungicides, Industrial" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Fungicides, Industrial" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Fungicides, Industrial". ...
hejiang Dayoo Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd (Dayoo) is a world-class company specialized in manufacturing and exporting High- ... Copyright ® 2010 Zhejiang Dayoo Chemical Industrial Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. 浙ICP备05011935号-1 Powered by:BOC. 浙公网安备 ...
Individual Fungicides". Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.o12_o06. ISBN ... Mancozeb - A common fungicide containing Zineb and Maneb. "Zinc, [[2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato(2-)-kappaS, ... This pale yellow solid is used as fungicide. It is produced by treating ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) sodium salt, "nabam", ... Metam sodium - A related dithiocarbamate salt which is also used as a fungicide. Maneb - ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) with ...
Basf Fungicides. Azoxystrobin. Prochloraz. Kasugamycin. Bayer Fungicide. Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria. Bordeaux Mixture. ...
Pesticides: Herbicides, Fungicides, Insecticides. Pesticides are a broad class of chemicals used for the prevention, ... The recent reports on the effects and mechanisms by which environmental chemicals, including pesticides; industrial plastics; ... The abovementioned environmental chemicals including pesticides and industrial plastics commonly known as EDCs used in ... industrial plastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dioxins, alter BA ...
Paper Industrial Standard Fourdrinier Paper Machine Wire Section Polyester Forming Fabric for Paper Sheet Forming ...
NIOSH-Author; NIOSH-Health-Hazard-Evaluation; HHE-74-93-296; Hazard-Unconfirmed; Region-5; Industrial-plants; Fungicides; Air- ... Terms: pesticide or pesticides or insecticide or insecticides or herbicide or herbicides or fungicide or fungicides OR ... pesticide or pesticides or insecticide or insecticides or herbicide or herbicides or fungicide or fungicides 1670 - 1670 of ...
Fungicides, Herbicides, Plant Regulator, Plant Growth Regulator, Mixture, Intermediates, Agrochemicals, Bio Stimulate, Growth ... Industrial cleaners accounted for just less than 9% of global consumption in 2010. Body care products and cosmetics had a 9.5% ... NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES (NPCS) is a reliable name in the industrial world for offering integrated technical ... Kothari Industrial Corpn. Ltd. • Krishi Rasayan Exports Pvt. Ltd. • Maharashtra Agro-Inds. Devp. Corpn. Ltd. • Maharashtra ...
A rapid transition away from hazardous, industrial pesticides like chlorothalonil is urgently needed to address ongoing health ... The fungicide presents an acute risk to amphibians, and chronic risks to fish living in contaminated water. In addition to ... In fact, EPA is several years late on a workplan it set for itself on the fungicide. The agency estimated it would open a ... Frances Drinking Water Contaminated with Toxic Fungicide Chlorothalonil, Banned in EU but Widely Used in U.S.. (Beyond ...
OVER 300 SIZES IN STOCK Most popular thickness for shipping parts, clothing or protecting food. 100% virgin, high clarity polyethylene film. Meets FDA and USDA specifications for food contact.ULINE offers over 41,000 boxes, plastic poly bags, mailing tubes, warehouse supplies and bubble wrap for your storage, packaging, or shipping supplies.
State Industrial Products Corporation (Mayfield, Ohio). Docket Number: FIFRA-05-2023-0001. Status: Closed. Statute: FIFRA ... Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (Penalty). Complaint Date: 12/16/2022. Closed Date: 12/29/2022 12:00:00 AM. ...
Categories: Fungicides, Industrial Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
CaseIH - CNH Industrial OEM. Pioneer Seeds - Corn Fungicide Timing. CaseIH - Patriot 50 Series Sprayer. Bobcat - BTS with Jess ...
Industrial air pollution from the developed world is carried on the dominant wind currents up to the Arctic. After settling ... fungicides, rodenticides); and microbiological contaminants and pathogens (bacteria, viruses and parasites).. The UN FAO ... commercial and industrial spillage and leaks; and sea level rise.. The USGS posts a list of groundwater contaminants, both ... the industrial use of water... creates toxic and hazardous pollutants that renders waste water unfit for subsequent human ...
... is a fungicide contained in agro-industrial effluents produced by fruit-packaging plants. Within the frame of developing bio- ... Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) is a fungicide contained in agro-industrial effluents produced by fruit-packaging plants. Within the ... However, the microbial metabolic pathway of the fungicide and the genetic systems driving its degradation by strain P3 remain ... Further analysis will focus on the detailed characterization of OppA1, considering the high industrial importance of such ...
Nonpolymer applications include the manufacture of agricultural fungicides (Captan and Captofol), sulfolane (an industrial ...
These include applications as: a replacement for mercury in gold mining; an insecticide and fungicide; and a food additive that ... In short, is it really a surprise that vaccine industrial complex clinical trials are rigged? ... one that has many industrial uses as an active ingredient. ...
Industrial farming excels at raising crop yields by using heavy machinery, chemical fertilizers, fungicides, pesticides, ... Fungal networks have industrial applications too. Mycelial threads blended with waste corn stalks and wood fiber create ... Waste husks with their silica can be reclaimed for industrial uses, from tires and silicon wafers to toothpaste and batteries. ...
Fungicide, Grass Killer, Pesticide, Weed Killer. Bleach, Chemical, De-icing, Disinfectant, Fungicide, Grass Killer, Pesticide, ... Industrial Grade. [This review was collected as part of a promotion.] A real industrial grade steel sprayer. It should last for ... Industrial Concrete Sprayer for Curing Compounds, Form Oils, Waterproofing and Coatings. Industrial poly concrete sprayer ... Industrial Concrete Open Head Sprayer", please see the video link below. If you have any further questions you can also reach ...
Fungicides. * Hair treatments, dyes. * Hemodialysis. * Hot tubs. * Ice makers. * Industrial emissions. * Industrial wastes. * ...
Most POPs are pesticides or insecticides, and some are also solvents, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals.[1] Although ... PeCB has also been used in PCB products, dyestuff carriers, as a fungicide, a flame retardant, and a chemical intermediate. ... Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (tetraBDE) and pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE) are industrial chemicals and the main components of ...
Conventional chemical fungicides and plastic prevent fungal diseases but they are hazardous to humans and the environment. ... Industrial production operations generate huge amounts of heavy metals enriched sludge. Due to inadequate management and ... The growing problems of environmental damage have been caused by the continuous outrush of heavy metals from industrial ... using soil-inhabiting Purpureocillium lilacinum fungus cell filtrate as a promising fungicide and nematicide on two ...
Fungicide (grains, fields, flowers). Production of neon lights, paper, mirrors. Wood protection stainer. Industrial waste water ...
This plant is also very easy to grow without the aid of fungicides or herbicides. Once the benefits of this produce become more ... Hemp protein refers to the industrial by product of hemp seeds. Hemp seeds have a composition of approximately 45 percent oil, ... "Hemp protein refers to the industrial by product of hemp seeds. Hemp seeds have a composition of approximately 45 percent oil, ... Based upon application, hemp protein market is segmented into pharmaceutical, food & beverages, cosmetics, industrial, and ...
The probable causes are chemicals similar to DBCP--herbicides, fungicides, and other elements-which are known to decompose very ... By this logic, the male reproductive process (and most certainly the female) has been affected by industrial and agricultural ... broadened the investigation to include other industrial compounds to determine their effects on male fertility. What they found ...
Filters: Keyword is Fungicides, Industrial and Author is Nanba, Satomi [Clear All Filters] ...
They were the first carpet manufacturer to use only natural materials such as industrial hemp and natural latex, all of which ... Non-toxic - zero VOC; no formaldehyde, insect repellents, mildewcides, fungicides, toxic dyes or PBDEs (flame retardants); safe ... All-natural - made with 100% wool, industrial hemp, cotton, natural rubber latex and jute ...
3,000 tons of mercury reach the oceans each year from natural continental sources and 4,000 tons from fungicides and industrial ...
  • fungicides, herbicides. (wipo.int)
  • Pesticides are agents (including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) that are designed to kill living organisms. (pesticide.org)
  • I've built my garden for 21 years now with NO pesticides, fungicides, herbicides or industrial fertilizers. (pesticide.org)
  • The pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and artificial colouring agents poison not only the soil and fauna but also human health. (tourism-review.com)
  • The global copper sulphate market is primarily driven by the increasing usage of the product in agricultural manufacturing, especially as herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Most POPs are pesticides or insecticides , and some are also solvents , pharmaceuticals , and industrial chemicals. (wikipedia.org)
  • After Agrosavfe, which focuses on biological molecules to replace chemical fungicides and insecticides, Micropep is Sofinnova IB1's second investment in Ag-Biotech, and third overall. (biospace.com)
  • These products are regulated by the EPA under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide , and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). (grandviewresearch.com)
  • Note: Kumulus, Acoidal and Microthiol are all the same exact OMRI-Listed Organic Fungicide / Insecticide (80% Sulfur). (growitnaturally.com)
  • Kumulus, Acoidal or Microthiol (all the same product) are potent organic fungicide and insecticide that kills pathogens through multiple mechanisms, thus greatly reducing the potential of resistance. (growitnaturally.com)
  • Unlike pesticides such as neonicotinoids, which are known to directly affect bees, the impact of fungicides appears to be more indirect. (themanufacturer.com)
  • A second study, this time by University of North Dakota backs this up, following an independent investigation into the effects of pesticides and fungicides on bees. (themanufacturer.com)
  • A significant contribution of fungicides to observed pesticide effects suggests deleterious properties of a class of pesticides that was, until recently, considered benign to bees," their study explains. (themanufacturer.com)
  • George Monbiot, an environmental activist, reveals: 'An 18-hole course requires, on average, 22 tonnes of chemical treatments, mostly pesticides, every year: seven times the rate per hectare for industrial farming. (tourism-review.com)
  • This new research is significant to the development of sustainable agricultural practices, as it was previously thought that fungicides were harmless to bee populations. (themanufacturer.com)
  • Fungicides, Agricultural, 2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nonpolymer applications include the manufacture of agricultural fungicides (Captan and Captofol), sulfolane (an industrial solvent), and anthraquinone dyes. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, it finds a wide range of industrial, agricultural, and pharmaceutical applications. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Mercury can also be found in fungicides used in the agricultural industry. (medscape.com)
  • Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an attractive target for developing green fungicides to manage agricultural pathogens in modern agriculture research. (bvsalud.org)
  • given that their water serves a wide array of domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes (4) . (who.int)
  • Conventional chemical fungicides and plastic prevent fungal diseases but they are hazardous to humans and the environment. (researchgate.net)
  • We investigated the presence of environmental hotspots for resistance selection in the Netherlands on the basis of the ability of A. fumigatus to grow and reproduce in the presence of azole fungicide residues. (cdc.gov)
  • Tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, and prothioconazole were the most frequently found fungicide residues. (cdc.gov)
  • Its Industrial Engineered Products segment offers brominated performance products, flame retardants, fumigants, and organometallics. (inknowvation.com)
  • For references , please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2013/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-d-l-other-solvent or scan the QR code. (europa.eu)
  • New research has shown a link between the use of fungicides on crops and the decline of wild bee populations. (themanufacturer.com)
  • One significant finding of this recent research was that fungicides are more harmful to bee populations when they are applied to during the blooming of crops. (themanufacturer.com)
  • Farmers could apply fungicides pre- or post- bloom to avoid putting bees in contact with the chemicals. (themanufacturer.com)
  • Since its establishment, our company has specialized in the trade of industrial chemicals. (dafcochim.ro)
  • Central to the growth of copper sulphate market is its increasing importance in the agriculture sector , particularly as fungicides, and the escalating demand from the pharmaceutical industry. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The widespread product utilization in the agriculture sector, particularly as fungicides, the rising demand from the pharmaceutical sector, and the growing product utilization as a catalyst and electrolyte across various applications represent some of the key factors driving the market. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • This is the underlying premise of a new report by Greenpeace International which discusses how the current industrial agriculture system is a broken one that has failed and instead provides a vision for an ecological food system that protects, sustains and restores the diversity of life on Earth. (biosafety-info.net)
  • The current industrial agriculture system fails to deliver this. (biosafety-info.net)
  • Hannah Gaines-Day one of the authors of the University of Wisconsin study believes that part of this harm could be mitigated through the selective application of fungicides to avoid these critical periods. (themanufacturer.com)
  • It is designed for a fungicide application once every ten days but can come under pressure in bad Powdery mildew years where the interval is reduced to seven days. (krishakjagat.org)
  • Although A. fumigatus is not a phytopathogen and thus not a target for fungicide application, many azole fungicides show in vitro activity against A. fumigatus ( 12 , 13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Fungicides, Industrial" by people in Profiles. (musc.edu)
  • France's Drinking Water Contaminated with Toxic Fungicide Chlorothalonil, Banned in EU but Widely Used in U.S. (beyondpesticides.org)
  • Hi Ronald, To best assist you with your question on the 1949 3.5 Gallon Industrial Concrete Sprayer, please call our Product Support team at 1-800-444-3140, option 1. (homedepot.com)
  • Industrial Concrete Open Head Sprayer", please see the video link below. (homedepot.com)
  • This has triggered the use of rodent control products in commercial, residential, and industrial applications. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • Industrial mercury pollution is often in the inorganic form, but aquatic organisms and vegetation in waterways such as rivers, lakes, and bays convert it to deadly methylmercury. (medscape.com)
  • It is generally accepted that resistance can develop through patient treatment (patient route) and through exposure of A. fumigatus to azole fungicides in the environment (environmental route) ( 2 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Ortho -phenylphenol (OPP) is a fungicide contained in agro-industrial effluents produced by fruit-packaging plants. (nature.com)
  • At this point in time FAO is not advocating for restrictions on the use of a given pesticide or fungicide that is both in widespread commercial use and is "known" to cause harm to bee populations. (themanufacturer.com)
  • We also offer self-contained Pre-Investment and Pre-Feasibility Studies, Market Surveys and Studies, Preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility Reports, Identification and Selection of Plant and Machinery, Manufacturing Process and or Equipment required, General Guidance, Technical and Commercial Counseling for setting up new industrial projects on the following topics. (niir.org)
  • Mancozeb - A common fungicide containing Zineb and Maneb. (wikipedia.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Fungicides, Industrial" by people in this website by year, and whether "Fungicides, Industrial" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (musc.edu)
  • Botrytis cinerea and Erysiphe necator are amongst the most relevant fungi in viticulture and have a world-wide impact on the wine industrial production. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Bumble bee colonies exposed to fungicide produced fewer workers, lower total bee biomass, and had lighter mother queens than control colonies," explained the University of Wisconsin study. (themanufacturer.com)
  • A recently study by researchers at the University of Wisconsin Department of Entomology's Steffan Lab showed that bee colonies are negatively affected by the use of fungicides. (themanufacturer.com)
  • Mounting evidence, including the results of our study, suggest that fungicides are having a detrimental effect on bees. (themanufacturer.com)
  • Free of GMO's, fungicides and fumigants. (uline.com)
  • Besides this, it is often mixed with lime to create more effective fungicides, such as Bordeaux and Burgundy mixtures, which is further supporting the market growth. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Recent climate change may have created more favorable conditions for fungi to grow, and at the same time the usage of fungicides is becoming increasingly restricted. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They were the first carpet manufacturer to use only natural materials such as industrial hemp and natural latex, all of which are 100% biodegradable. (greenbuildingsupply.com)
  • Talendo ® fungicide, from Corteva, has been welcomed as a key addition to the disease protection program used and recommended by Peter Morrison, of Nutrien Agronomic Services, at Huonville, in Tasmania. (krishakjagat.org)