AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Fundus OculiGastric FundusAcholeplasmaBlepharospasmOculomotor MusclesFluorescein AngiographyPhotographyNeuromuscular BlockadeNADH Tetrazolium ReductaseElectromyographyOphthalmoscopyTrigeminal NerveNeuromuscular Nondepolarizing AgentsThumbRetinal VesselsAbducens NerveOphthalmoscopesFacial ParalysisMelopsittacusAir MovementsConditioning, EyelidReflex, AbnormalRetinal DiseasesBlepharoptosisMacular DegenerationOrbitSpasmConversion DisorderDiagnostic Techniques, OphthalmologicalUlnar NerveRetinal DrusenTomography, Optical CoherenceLipofuscinElectroretinographyVisual AcuityLaryngeal MusclesEyelid DiseasesNeuromuscular JunctionElectric StimulationReflexRetinaDiabetic RetinopathyVecuronium BromideAndrostanolsMyasthenia GravisChoroidSuccinylcholineMacula LuteaIsoquinolinesHyaluronoglucosaminidaseStomachMonitoring, IntraoperativeRetinal HemorrhageRetinal ArteryMotor NeuronsRetinal VeinMydriaticsGeographic AtrophyRetinal Pigment EpitheliumOptic DiskNight BlindnessFovea CentralisChoroid DiseasesAnesthesia, GeneralFluorescenceEye Diseases, HereditaryRetinal DegenerationEye DiseasesPapilledemaRetinal DystrophiesMusclesPyloric AntrumVisual Field TestsPigment Epithelium of EyeIndocyanine GreenMuscle RelaxationOptic Disk DrusenRetinitis PigmentosaInterferometryOptical ImagingLaser CoagulationChoroidal NeovascularizationTissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3Reaction TimeDark AdaptationLasersMacular EdemaMuscle, SmoothVisual FieldsRetinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer SegmentVitelliform Macular DystrophyOphthalmologyChoroiditisPhotoreceptor Cells, VertebrateRetinal PigmentsRetinal DetachmentVision DisordersRabbitsOptic AtrophyScotomaMuscle, SkeletalChoroid NeoplasmsPedigreeWet Macular DegenerationColor Vision Defects
Fundus Oculi: The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Gastric Fundus: The superior portion of the body of the stomach above the level of the cardiac notch.Acholeplasma: A genus of gram-negative organisms including saprophytic and parasitic or pathogenic species.Blepharospasm: Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle.Oculomotor Muscles: The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.Fluorescein Angiography: Visualization of a vascular system after intravenous injection of a fluorescein solution. The images may be photographed or televised. It is used especially in studying the retinal and uveal vasculature.Photography: Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy.Neuromuscular Blockade: The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.NADH Tetrazolium Reductase: Catalyzes the reduction of tetrazolium compounds in the presence of NADH.Electromyography: Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.Ophthalmoscopy: Examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope.Trigeminal Nerve: The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and project to the TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents: Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.Thumb: The first digit on the radial side of the hand which in humans lies opposite the other four.Retinal Vessels: The blood vessels which supply and drain the RETINA.Abducens Nerve: The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the EYE. Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control.Ophthalmoscopes: Devices for examining the interior of the eye, permitting the clear visualization of the structures of the eye at any depth. (UMDNS, 1999)Facial Paralysis: Severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. This condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. Damage to CNS motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. FACIAL NERVE DISEASES generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause facial paralysis or paresis.Melopsittacus: A genus, commonly called budgerigars, in the family PSITTACIDAE. In the United States they are considered one of the five species of PARAKEETS.Air Movements: The motion of air currents.Conditioning, Eyelid: Reflex closure of the eyelid occurring as a result of classical conditioning.Reflex, Abnormal: An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.Retinal DiseasesBlepharoptosis: Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.Macular Degeneration: Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.Spasm: An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.Conversion Disorder: A disorder whose predominant feature is a loss or alteration in physical functioning that suggests a physical disorder but that is actually a direct expression of a psychological conflict or need.Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the eye or of vision disorders.Ulnar Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.Retinal Drusen: Colloid or hyaline bodies lying beneath the retinal pigment epithelium. They may occur either secondary to changes in the choroid that affect the pigment epithelium or as an autosomal dominant disorder of the retinal pigment epithelium.Tomography, Optical Coherence: An imaging method using LASERS that is used for mapping subsurface structure. When a reflective site in the sample is at the same optical path length (coherence) as the reference mirror, the detector observes interference fringes.Lipofuscin: A naturally occurring lipid pigment with histochemical characteristics similar to ceroid. It accumulates in various normal tissues and apparently increases in quantity with age.Electroretinography: Recording of electric potentials in the retina after stimulation by light.Visual Acuity: Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.Laryngeal Muscles: The striated muscle groups which move the LARYNX as a whole or its parts, such as altering tension of the VOCAL CORDS, or size of the slit (RIMA GLOTTIDIS).Eyelid DiseasesNeuromuscular Junction: The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.Electric Stimulation: Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.Reflex: An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.Retina: The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.Diabetic Retinopathy: Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.Androstanols: Androstanes and androstane derivatives which are substituted in any position with one or more hydroxyl groups.Myasthenia Gravis: A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles. Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors damage the motor endplate portion of the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION, impairing the transmission of impulses to skeletal muscles. Clinical manifestations may include diplopia, ptosis, and weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles. THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1459)Choroid: The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the RETINA and SCLERA.Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.Macula Lutea: An oval area in the retina, 3 to 5 mm in diameter, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototropic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Isoquinolines: A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids such as papaverine. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.Monitoring, Intraoperative: The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs).Retinal Hemorrhage: Bleeding from the vessels of the retina.Retinal Artery: Central retinal artery and its branches. It arises from the ophthalmic artery, pierces the optic nerve and runs through its center, enters the eye through the porus opticus and branches to supply the retina.Motor Neurons: Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.Retinal Vein: Central retinal vein and its tributaries. It runs a short course within the optic nerve and then leaves and empties into the superior ophthalmic vein or cavernous sinus.Mydriatics: Agents that dilate the pupil. They may be either sympathomimetics or parasympatholytics.Geographic Atrophy: A form of MACULAR DEGENERATION also known as dry macular degeneration marked by occurrence of a well-defined progressive lesion or atrophy in the central part of the RETINA called the MACULA LUTEA. It is distinguishable from WET MACULAR DEGENERATION in that the latter involves neovascular exudates.Retinal Pigment Epithelium: The single layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA, situated closely to the tips (outer segments) of the RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. These epithelial cells are macroglia that perform essential functions for the photoreceptor cells, such as in nutrient transport, phagocytosis of the shed photoreceptor membranes, and ensuring retinal attachment.Optic Disk: The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.Night Blindness: Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed)Fovea Centralis: An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Choroid Diseases: Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea.Anesthesia, General: Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.Fluorescence: The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.Eye Diseases, Hereditary: Transmission of gene defects or chromosomal aberrations/abnormalities which are expressed in extreme variation in the structure or function of the eye. These may be evident at birth, but may be manifested later with progression of the disorder.Retinal Degeneration: A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)Eye Diseases: Diseases affecting the eye.Papilledema: Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)Retinal Dystrophies: A group of disorders involving predominantly the posterior portion of the ocular fundus, due to degeneration in the sensory layer of the RETINA; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; BRUCH MEMBRANE; CHOROID; or a combination of these tissues.Muscles: Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.Pyloric Antrum: The region between the sharp indentation at the lower third of the STOMACH (incisura angularis) and the junction of the PYLORUS with the DUODENUM. Pyloric antral glands contain mucus-secreting cells and gastrin-secreting endocrine cells (G CELLS).Visual Field Tests: Method of measuring and mapping the scope of vision, from central to peripheral of each eye.Pigment Epithelium of Eye: The layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA; the CILIARY BODY; and the IRIS in the eye.Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.Muscle Relaxation: That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.Optic Disk Drusen: Optic disk bodies composed primarily of acid mucopolysaccharides that may produce pseudopapilledema (elevation of the optic disk without associated INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION) and visual field deficits. Drusen may also occur in the retina (see RETINAL DRUSEN). (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p355)Retinitis Pigmentosa: Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the neuroepithelium of the retina characterized by night blindness and progressive contraction of the visual field.Interferometry: Measurement of distances or movements by means of the phenomena caused by the interference of two rays of light (optical interferometry) or of sound (acoustic interferometry).Optical Imaging: The use of light interaction (scattering, absorption, and fluorescence) with biological tissue to obtain morphologically based information. It includes measuring inherent tissue optical properties such as scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence; or optical properties of exogenous targeted fluorescent molecular probes such as those used in optical MOLECULAR IMAGING, or nontargeted optical CONTRAST AGENTS.Laser Coagulation: The use of green light-producing LASERS to stop bleeding. The green light is selectively absorbed by HEMOGLOBIN, thus triggering BLOOD COAGULATION.Choroidal Neovascularization: A pathological process consisting of the formation of new blood vessels in the CHOROID.Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3: A member of the family of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Mutations of the gene for TIMP3 PROTEIN causes Sorsby fundus dystrophy.Reaction Time: The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.Dark Adaptation: Adjustment of the eyes under conditions of low light. The sensitivity of the eye to light is increased during dark adaptation.Lasers: An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.Macular Edema: Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)Muscle, Smooth: Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Visual Fields: The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment: The light sensitive outer portion of a retinal rod or a cone photoreceptor cell. The outer segment contains a stack of disk membranes laden with photoreceptive pigments (RETINAL PIGMENTS). The outer segment is connected to the inner segment by a PHOTORECEPTOR CONNECTING CILIUM.Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy: Autosomal dominant hereditary maculopathy with childhood-onset accumulation of LIPOFUSION in RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Affected individuals develop progressive central acuity loss, and distorted vision (METAMORPHOPSIA). It is associated with mutations in bestrophin, a chloride channel.Ophthalmology: A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases.Choroiditis: Inflammation of the choroid.Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate: Specialized PHOTOTRANSDUCTION neurons in the vertebrates, such as the RETINAL ROD CELLS and the RETINAL CONE CELLS. Non-visual photoreceptor neurons have been reported in the deep brain, the PINEAL GLAND and organs of the circadian system.Retinal Pigments: Photosensitive protein complexes of varied light absorption properties which are expressed in the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are OPSINS conjugated with VITAMIN A-based chromophores. Chromophores capture photons of light, leading to the activation of opsins and a biochemical cascade that ultimately excites the photoreceptor cells.Retinal Detachment: Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).Vision Disorders: Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. These may result from EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; VISUAL PATHWAY diseases; OCCIPITAL LOBE diseases; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; and other conditions (From Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p132).Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Optic Atrophy: Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.Scotoma: A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Choroid Neoplasms: Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).Pedigree: The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.Wet Macular Degeneration: A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.Color Vision Defects: Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.

A prospective study of cerebrovascular disease in Japanese rural communities, Akabane and Asahi. Part 1: evaluation of risk factors in the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis. (1/1081)

An epidemiological study of cerebrovascular disease in Akabane and Asahi, Japan, was made. (These cities are located near Nagoy, Japan.) The study population included 4,737 men and women aged 40 to 79 at the time of entry into the study. There were 4,186 persons who were examined and, of these, 264 cases of cerebrovascular attacks were observed between 1964 and 1970. The incidence rate of stroke in those persons not responding to the survey was 15.9 times higher than in those persons examined according to person-year observation in Akabane. The risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis were evaluated by age-adjusted and sex-adjusted relative risks. The predisposing factors to cerebral hemorrhage appeared to be high blood pressure, high left R wave, ST depression, T abnormality, capillary fragility counts, previous medical history of stroke and albuminuria. For cerebral thrombosis, the predisposing factors appeared to be high blood pressure, ST depression and funduscopic sclerotic findings, and those factors assumed to be significant were glycosuria and smoking habits. Ocular funduscopic abnormality was the most prominent risk factor for cerebral thrombosis, while high blood pressure and ECG abnormalities were highly related to cerebral hemorrhage. It was suggested that those subjects with a relatively higher blood pressure may have a higher relative risk of cerebral hemorrhage than those with a lower (normal range) blood pressure. A previous or family history of stroke also appeared significantly related to cerebral hemorrhage.  (+info)

Evaluation of focal defects of the nerve fiber layer using optical coherence tomography. (2/1081)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze glaucomatous eyes with known focal defects of the nerve fiber layer (NFL), relating optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings to clinical examination, NFL and stereoscopic optic nerve head (ONH) photography, and Humphrey 24-2 visual fields. DESIGN: Cross-sectional prevalence study. PARTICIPANTS: The authors followed 19 patients in the study group and 14 patients in the control group. INTERVENTION: Imaging with OCT was performed circumferentially around the ONH with a circle diameter of 3.4 mm using an internal fixation technique. One hundred OCT scan points taken within 2.5 seconds were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurements of NFL thickness using OCT were performed. RESULTS: In most eyes with focal NFL defects, OCTs showed significant thinning of the NFL in areas closely corresponding to focal defects visible on clinical examination, to red-free photographs, and to defects on the Humphrey visual fields. Optical coherence tomography enabled the detection of focal defects in the NFL with a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 81%. CONCLUSION: Analysis of NFL thickness in eyes with focal defects showed good structural and functional correlation with clinical parameters. Optical coherence tomography contributes to the identification of focal defects in the NFL that occur in early stages of glaucoma.  (+info)

Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy. (3/1081)

Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) is usually seen in young males with Type A personality. Clinical evaluation of the macula with fundoscopy and biomicroscopy, coupled with fluorescein angiography establishes the diagnosis. Indocyanine green angiographic studies have reinformed that the basic pathology lies in choriocapillaries and retinal pigment epithelium. Most of the ICSC resolve completely in four months, and some of them could resolve early with direct photocoagulation of the leaking site. Oral steroids have no role, and could even cause an adverse reaction.  (+info)

The optic disc in glaucoma. I: Classification. (4/1081)

Five different descriptive types of glaucomatous optic discs are described, based on the examination of X2 magnification stereophotographs of 252 patients from the files of the Glaucoma Service at Wills Eye Hospital. The method of analysis is described in detail. These types include: overpass cupping, cupping without pallor of the neuroretinal rim, cupping with pallor of the neuroretinal rim, focal notching of the neuroretinal rim, and bean-pot cupping. These morphological types may be caused by variations in factors contributing to the pathogenesis of glaucomatous eyes. Recognition of these differing types may help in determining the factors in each case.  (+info)

Recessive mutations in the RLBP1 gene encoding cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein in a form of retinitis punctata albescens. (5/1081)

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and spectrum of mutations in the RLBP1 gene encoding cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) in patients with hereditary retinal degeneration. METHODS: The single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique and a direct genomic sequencing technique were used to screen the coding exons of this gene (exons 2-8) for mutations in 324 unrelated patients with recessive or isolate retinitis pigmentosa, retinitis punctata albescens, Leber congenital amaurosis, or a related disease. Variant DNA fragments revealed by SSCP analysis were subsequently sequenced. Selected alleles that altered the coding region or intron splice sites were evaluated further through segregation analysis in the families of the index cases. RESULTS: Four novel mutations were identified in this gene among three unrelated patients with recessively inherited retinitis punctata albescens. Two of the mutations were missense: one was a frameshift, and one affected a canonical splice donor site. CONCLUSIONS: Recessive mutations in the RLBP1 gene are an uncommon cause of retinal degeneration in humans. The phenotype produced by RLBP1 mutations seems to be a form of retinitis punctata albescens.  (+info)

The use of internal limiting membrane maculorrhexis in treatment of idiopathic macular holes. (6/1081)

The purpose of this study was to assess surgical results of internal limiting membrane (ILM) maculorrhexis in macular hole surgery. This study is a part of continuing prospective clinical trial of our team of researchers. Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with idiopathic macular hole underwent vitrectomy with the removal of posterior cortical vitreous, peeling of the macular ILM, and intraocular gas tamponade, followed by postoperative face-down positioning. The excised specimens were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy. Complete closure of the hole was observed in all 13 eyes (100% anatomic success rate). Visual improvement of 2 or more lines on ETDRS visual acuity chart was achieved in 11 (85%) of the 13 eyes. Six (54.5%) eyes attained visual acuity of 20/50 or better. Electron microscopy showed ILM in the removed specimens. ILM maculorrhexis is a promising new surgical approach to close idiopathic macular holes but requires further investigation and long-term evaluation.  (+info)

Diagnosis and management of idiopathic macular holes. (7/1081)

Modern vitreoretinal surgery is now one of the most effective tools for treating posterior segment diseases. Recent advances in the pathogenesis and classification and better indicators of visual outcome for idiopathic macular holes have led to a renewed interest in this clinical entity. Refinements in the techniques and instrumentation have led to improvement in surgical results. This article reviews the diagnosis and management of idiopathic macular holes.  (+info)

Posterior scleritis: clinical profile and imaging characteristics. (8/1081)

Posterior scleritis is relatively uncommon and is often misdiagnosed due to its protean manifestations. We report eight cases of posterior scleritis to analyse the clinical profile, ultrasonographic and computed tomography (CT) scan features of this rare disorder. Fundus findings included serous retinal detachment, choroidal folds, retinal folds, subretinal mass, choroidal detachment, disc edema, and macular edema. There was associated anterior scleritis and anterior uveitis in the majority of the cases. In all cases ultrasound with or without CT scan confirmed the clinical diagnosis. All patients responded to systemic steroids except one who required immunosuppressive therapy. This paper describes the clinical profile of a series of posterior scleritis cases highlighting varied clinical presentation, and the role of ultrasound and CT scan findings in the diagnosis.  (+info)

Manual of ocular fundus examination - کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهوازManual of ocular fundus examination - کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Manual of ocular fundus examination , Manual of ocular fundus examination , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Fundus Flavimaculatus - Asymptomatic - Retina Gallery ~ Full Sized Retina ImagesFundus Flavimaculatus - Asymptomatic - Retina Gallery ~ Full Sized Retina Images
45 year old man was told to come in because of white spots on their retina. He now has to take his glasses off to read labels. He has always had trouble with oncoming headlights messing up his vision for a short time. VA OD: cc20/20 NscJ1 OS: cc20/20 NscJ1+ Pisciform lesions in the macula of both eyes. ...
OSA | Three-dimensional reconstruction of blood vessels extracted from retinal fundus imagesOSA | Three-dimensional reconstruction of blood vessels extracted from retinal fundus images
We present a 3D reconstruction of retinal blood vessel trees using two views of fundus images. The problem is addressed by using well known computer vision techniques which consider: 1) The recovery of camera-eyeball model parameters by an auto-calibration method. The camera parameters are found via the solution of simplified Kruppa equations, based on correspondences found by a LMedS optimisation correlation between pairs of eight different views. 2) The extraction of blood vessels and skeletons from two fundus images. 3) The matching of corresponding points of the two skeleton trees. The trees are previously labelled during the analysis of 2D binary images. Finally, 4) the lineal triangulation of matched correspondence points and the surface modelling via generalised cylinders using diameter measurements extracted from the 2D binary images. The method is nearly automatic and it is tested with 2 sets of 10 fundus retinal images, each one taken from different subjects. Results of 3D vein and ...
Fundus AutofluorescenceFundus Autofluorescence
Featuring over 250 illustrations, this detailed full-color textbook provides up-to-date information on the use of fundus autofluorescence imaging in the evaluation of retinal disease.
Fundus AutofluorescenceFundus Autofluorescence
Featuring over 250 illustrations, this detailed full-color textbook provides up-to-date information on the use of fundus autofluorescence imaging in the evaluation of retinal disease.
Statistically strong label-free quantitative identification of native fluorophores in a biological sample | Scientific ReportsStatistically strong label-free quantitative identification of native fluorophores in a biological sample | Scientific Reports
Bioimaging using endogenous cell fluorescence, without any external biomarkers makes it possible to explore cells and tissues in their original native state, also in vivo. In order to be informative, this label-free method requires careful multispectral or hyperspectral recording of autofluorescence images followed by unsupervised extraction (unmixing) of biochemical signatures. The unmixing is difficult due to the scarcity of biochemically pure regions in cells and also because autofluorescence is weak compared with signals from labelled cells, typically leading to low signal to noise ratio. Here, we solve the problem of unsupervised hyperspectral unmixing of cellular autofluorescence by introducing the Robust Dependent Component Analysis (RoDECA). This approach provides sophisticated and statistically robust quantitative biochemical analysis of cellular autofluorescence images. We validate our method on artificial images, where the addition of varying known level of noise has allowed us to quantify
The Molecular Characterisation of TIMP3 Mutations Responsible for Sorsbys Fundus Dystrophy: is there a link to Age-related...The Molecular Characterisation of TIMP3 Mutations Responsible for Sorsby's Fundus Dystrophy: is there a link to Age-related...
Alsaffar, Fatimah (2017) The Molecular Characterisation of TIMP3 Mutations Responsible for Sorsbys Fundus Dystrophy: is there a link to Age-related Macular Degeneration. PhD thesis, The University of Sheffield. ...
Ocular Fundus Abnormalities in Pre-Dialytic Chronic Kidney Disease PatientsOcular Fundus Abnormalities in Pre-Dialytic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% - 16% of the adult population. Although ocular findings related to renal insufficiency include cataract, conjunctival calcification, lid edema, conjunctival pallor and xanthalesma, by far the most important is retinopathy. Objective: To evaluate the ocular fundus abnormalities in pre-dialytic chronic kidney disease patients of the adult population. Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from April 2012 to March 2014. A total of 100 hospital admitted CKD patients were purposively selected for this study. Age, gender, blood pressure, Body Mass Index (BMI), 24 hours Urinary Total Protein (UTP), haemoglobin level, serum creatinine, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and color fundus photography findings of both eyes were recorded for each patient. Inter-group comparisons were made between patients with retinopathy and
Fluorescein Angiogram Cost in Nairobi & Best HospitalsFluorescein Angiogram Cost in Nairobi & Best Hospitals
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An Efficient fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) Agent : Ag@Oxides Nanoprisms | IOVS | ARVO JournalsAn Efficient fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) Agent : [email protected] Nanoprisms | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Purpose : Nano-materials have been used widely applied for medical research because of its small size in recent years, however it is a virgin area in the field of ophthalmology. We created a new Silver-oxides core-shell nanoprisms ([email protected] NPs) -Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) that be excited the fluorescence signal by 488nm. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate Ag @oxides nanoprisms can be used as a new effective agent in fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Methods : Ag NPs were synthesized using a seed-mediated procedure. [email protected] NPs were prepared via a simple sol-gel route. The thickness of the oxides shell can be precisely tuned from 1 to 15 nm through changing the reaction time and amount of oxides sol-gel precursor. Cytotoxicity of Ag NP were tested in OCM-1 cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. OCM-1 cells were incubated with [email protected] NPs for 24 h and then imaged with the fluorescence microscope. Fundus of C57BL/6J mice were ...
Kyrieleis plaques in cytomegalovirus retinitis | Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection | Full TextKyrieleis plaques in cytomegalovirus retinitis | Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection | Full Text
CMV retinitis typically presents with focal areas of retinal necrosis with primary lesions usually located adjacent to blood vessels, secondary to hematogenous spread of the virus [10]. On funduscopic examination, the appearance of CMV retinitis can range from a dry-appearing irregular and granular border with satellite lesions to an edematous and confluent area of thick, yellow-white necrosis associated with retinal hemorrhages and vascular sheathing [10].. Vascular involvement in CMV retinitis can result in vascular sheathing. Exudates around retinal vessels, more commonly veins, can result in focal areas of fluffy white cuffing or sheathing, with or without skip areas [11]. When the perivascular sheathing is severe, the retinal arteries and veins appear frosted, and the term "frosted branch angiitis" is used to describe this entity [12]. Kyrieleis plaques can be differentiated from vascular sheathing and frosted branch angiitis by its clinical and fluorescein angiographic features. Kyrieleis ...
Fluorescein angiogram of eye - Stock Image C004/0835 - Science Photo LibraryFluorescein angiogram of eye - Stock Image C004/0835 - Science Photo Library
FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAM OF EYE Photo essay at the hospital of Meaux (77), France. Department of ophtalmology. Mydriatic fundus camera to undertake a fundus oculi and a retinal angiography. On screen a diabetic retinopathy. - Stock Image C004/0835
Outpatient Ultra wide-field intravenous fundus fluorescein angiography in infants using the Optos P200MA scanning laser...Outpatient Ultra wide-field intravenous fundus fluorescein angiography in infants using the Optos P200MA scanning laser...
Results Twelve infants with a variety of proliferative retinopathies underwent UWF-IV-FFA over a 7-month period. The mean age was 3.4 months (range 2-6 months) and the mean image acquisition time was 4 min (range 3-5). Pseudocolour fundus images and the venous, recirculation and late phases of UWF-IV-FFA were captured successfully in all infants (100%). Choroidal and arterial phases were captured in one (8.3%) and 10 (83.3%) infants, respectively. Image artefacts due to eyelashes and corneal desiccation occurred in nine (75%) and six (50%) infants, respectively. No adverse medical problems were noted.. ...
Ophthalmic diagnosis using deep learning with fundus images - A critical review<...Ophthalmic diagnosis using deep learning with fundus images - A critical review<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Ophthalmic diagnosis using deep learning with fundus images - A critical review. AU - Sengupta, Sourya. AU - Singh, Amitojdeep. AU - Leopold, Henry A.. AU - Gulati, Tanmay. AU - Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan. PY - 2020/1. Y1 - 2020/1. N2 - An overview of the applications of deep learning for ophthalmic diagnosis using retinal fundus images is presented. We describe various retinal image datasets that can be used for deep learning purposes. Applications of deep learning for segmentation of optic disk, optic cup, blood vessels as well as detection of lesions are reviewed. Recent deep learning models for classification of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are also discussed. Important critical insights and future research directions are given.. AB - An overview of the applications of deep learning for ophthalmic diagnosis using retinal fundus images is presented. We describe various retinal image datasets that can be used for deep ...
Atlas of diseases of the ocular fundus - کتابخانه دیجیتال دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهرانAtlas of diseases of the ocular fundus - کتابخانه دیجیتال دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
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A Longitudinal Study of Stargardt Disease: Quantitative Assessment of Fundus Autofluorescence, Progression and Genotype...A Longitudinal Study of Stargardt Disease: Quantitative Assessment of Fundus Autofluorescence, Progression and Genotype...
Full clinical examination and fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging was undertaken in a cohort of 68 patients. The baseline data were compared with those at follow-up. Patients were classified into three AF subtypes: type 1 had a localised low signal at the fovea surrounded by a homogeneous background; type 2 had a localised low signal at the macula surrounded by a heterogeneous background with numerous foci of abnormal signal; type 3 had multiple low signal areas at the posterior pole with a heterogeneous background. At baseline, there were 19 patients with type 1, 41 with type 2, and 8 with type 3. The areas of reduced AF signal were measured with custom software and a yearly rate of atrophy enlargement (RAE) was calculated. Molecular screening of ABCA4 was undertaken.. ...
Saffron Supplementation in Stargardt's Disease - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govSaffron Supplementation in Stargardt's Disease - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The general area of research in which this project has been designed is that of retinal degeneration related to mutations in the ABCR gene, responsible of Stargardt disease/fundus flavimaculatus retinal dystrophy (STD/FF). STG/FF is one of the major causes of vision impairment in the young age. STG/FF originates typically from the dysfunction and loss of cone and rod photoreceptors, developing through a photo-oxidative mechanism. The major disease locus is the central retina, i.e. the macula, whose neurons have the highest density and underlie critical functions such as visual acuity, color vision and contrast sensitivity. There is currently no cure for STG/FF. Recent experimental findings indicate that Saffron, derived from the pistils of Crocus Sativus, may have a role as a retinal neuro-protectant against oxidative damage. The stigmata of Crocus sativus contain biologically high concentrations of chemical compounds including crocin, crocetin, whose multiple C=C bonds provide the antioxidant ...
This is Stargardts - Say Hello 2 Blindness AccessoriesThis is Stargardts - Say Hello 2 Blindness Accessories
Stargardt disease is also known as Stargardt macular dystrophy, juvenile macular dystrophy and fundus flavimaculatus. It is an inherited eye condition that affects your macula which is the tiny central part of your retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of your eye.
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Zheng Y, VanderBeek B, Xiao R, Daniel E, Stambolian D, Maguire M, OBrien J, Gee J: Retrospective illumination correction of retinal fundus images from gradient distribution sparsity. Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 2012 9th IEEE International Symposium on IEEE. Page: 972-975, May 2012 ...
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A sophisticated trainer for teaching and practising the use of an ophthalmoscope, examining the ocular fundus and identifying diseases and conditions within the eye.
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As Nikon stands for quality so is Mr. Anands expertise synonymous to precision and setting new standards in photography. We have great memories of working with Mr. Anand in the last two years and it has benefitted Nikon to promote photography culture in India. We have done various courses and workshops under the banner of Nikon School with him which were highly appreciated by photography lovers. The best part about Mr. Anand is that he knows the pulse of his audience, understands the issues and addresses them in their tone and manner. Nikon wishes much success to Mr. Adarsh Anand and will continue to have such valuable association with him in future as well. ". ...
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Photography Essentials - Understanding the Basics | Sean Dalton | SkillsharePhotography Essentials - Understanding the Basics | Sean Dalton | Skillshare
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Fotografie Photography 2009 Bloed Blood Reinier Gerritsen - PDFFotografie Photography 2009 Bloed Blood Reinier Gerritsen - PDF
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Epitheliopathy, Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)Epitheliopathy, Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Comparison may be useful for a differential diagnosis:. Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a progressive parasitic disease affecting the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This syndrome is primarily unilateral, although bilateral cases have occurred. Examination of the eye shows visual loss, vitreous cells, optic disc inflammation and leakage, and transient, but recurrent, crops of gray-white outer retinal lesions.. Stationary or migrating parasitic worms (nematodes) have been identified deep in the retina or in the subretinal space. Later in the course of the disease, slowly progressive RPE changes and optic atrophy may be observed, as well as narrowing of the retinal vessels.. Multifocal choroidopathy syndromes are a group of rare disorders involving a major pathological change at or near the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) ...
Pseudoinflammatory Fundus Dystrophy | definition of Pseudoinflammatory Fundus Dystrophy by Medical dictionaryPseudoinflammatory Fundus Dystrophy | definition of Pseudoinflammatory Fundus Dystrophy by Medical dictionary
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Anatomy of the Ocular Fundus | Eccles Health Sciences Library | J. Willard Marriott Digital LibraryAnatomy of the Ocular Fundus | Eccles Health Sciences Library | J. Willard Marriott Digital Library
A review of normal features of the ocular fundus. Fundus photography using various techniques illustrate anatomic features of the ocular fundus. - Figure 1 : A) Color fundus photograph of the left optic disc and peripapillary retina showing a normal optic disc, retinal arteries, retinal veins, and retinal nerve fiber layer. B) Magnified photograph of a normal retinal artery and retinal vein with a normal arteriolar light reflex. - Figure 2 : A) Color fundus photograph of the posterior pole in the right eye showing normal superior and inferior vascular arcades and macula. B) Magnified photograph of a normal macula and fovea. C) Posterior pole photograph illustrating that the temporal retina is divided from the nasal retina by an imaginary vertical line through the fovea. - Figure 3 : Color fundus photograph of right eye optic disc and peripapillary retina showing a normal optic cup and optic disc with a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.4. A cilioretinal artery is observed in the lower left portion of the
Changes of fundus autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic findings after treatment of primary...Changes of fundus autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic findings after treatment of primary...
We report the fundus autofluorescence (FAF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (SD-OCT), microperimetric, and multifocal electroretinographic (mfERG) findings before, during, and after successful treatment of a primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL). A 57-year-old man had biopsy-proven PIOL in his left eye, and he was treated with intravitreal methotrexate injections for 8 months. Before treatment, fundus examination disclosed many small, yellow lesions with distinct boundaries in the posterior fundus which became atrophic 9 months after the initial treatment. FAF showed a pattern of granular hypoautofluorescence and hyperautofluorescence before the treatments and patchy hypoautofluorescence corresponding to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy after the treatments. SD-OCT showed increased nodularity at the level of and above the RPE, a separation of Bruch membrane from the RPE, partial damage of the RPE, disruption of the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction, multiple
Fundus photography may help differentiate TIA, stroke from mimicFundus photography may help differentiate TIA, stroke from mimic
Nonmydriatic fundus photography after suspected minor stroke or transient ischemic attack was able to differentiate between actual stroke and mimics, according to findings from the FOTO-ED TIA study presented at the International Stroke Conference. Any retinal microvascular finding assessed with nonmydriatic fundus photography after suspected minor stroke or TIA, which can be done by
Innovation in retinal diseases - ultra-widefield imaging - Polish Journal of Public Health - Volume 125, Issue 1 (2015) - PSJD ...Innovation in retinal diseases - ultra-widefield imaging - Polish Journal of Public Health - Volume 125, Issue 1 (2015) - PSJD ...
The understanding of retinal disease has evolved rapidly with a growing number of clinical evidence supplied by ultrawidefield retinal imaging. Optos 200Tx ultra-widefield retinal imaging system uses a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, as well as an ellipsoid mirror. This creates a possibility of making a virtual focal point inside the eye and, in turn, enables the system to simultaneously make a single capture of the central retina and periphery. This system offers multimodal ultra-widefield imaging, including color photographs, fundus autofluorescence images, red-free images and fluorescein angiography (FA), allowing visualization of the retinal circulation. For color photographs, green and red lasers are used simultaneously to allow visualization of retinal substructures from the sensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid. In our clinic ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography has became an elegant diagnostic imaging modality that has improved our ability to diagnose and plan ...
Correlation between the area of increased autofluorescence surrounding geographic atrophy and disease progression in patients...Correlation between the area of increased autofluorescence surrounding geographic atrophy and disease progression in patients...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Correlation between the area of increased autofluorescence surrounding geographic atrophy and disease progression in patients with AMD. AU - Schmitz-Valckenberg, Steffen. AU - Bindewald-Wittich, Almut. AU - Dolar-Szczasny, Joanna. AU - Dreyhaupt, Jens. AU - Wolf, Sebastian. AU - Scholl, Hendrik P N. AU - Holz, Frank G.. PY - 2006/6. Y1 - 2006/6. N2 - PURPOSE. To test the hypothesis that the extension of areas with increased fundus autofluorescence (FAF) outside atrophic patches correlates with the rate of spread of geographic atrophy (GA) over time in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS. The database of the multicenter longitudinal natural history Fundus Autofluorescence in AMD (FAM) Study was reviewed for patients with GA recruited through the end of August 2003, with follow-up examinations within at least 1 year. Only eyes with sufficient image quality and with diffuse patterns of increased FAF surrounding atrophy were chosen. In standardized digital FAF ...
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography: A Complete Slide Collection | British Journal of OphthalmologyFundus Fluorescein Angiography: A Complete Slide Collection | British Journal of Ophthalmology
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Whale optimization algorithm | Aboul Ella Hassanien (Abo)Whale optimization algorithm | Aboul Ella Hassanien (Abo)
The aim was to present a novel automated approach for extracting the vasculature of retinal fundus images. The proposed vasculature extraction method on retinal fundus images consists of two phases: preprocessing phase and segmentation phase. In the first phase, brightness enhancement is applied for the retinal fundus images. For the vessel segmentation phase, a hybrid model of multilevel thresholding along with whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is performed. WOA is used to improve the segmentation accuracy through finding the n−1 optimal n-level threshold on the fundus image. To evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis measurements are used. The proposed approach achieved an overall accuracy of 97.8%, sensitivity of 88.9%, and specificity of 98.7% for the identification of retinal blood vessels by using a dataset that was collected from Bostan diagnostic center in Fayoum city. The area under the ROC curve reached a ...
Color Fundus Photography | Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesColor Fundus Photography | Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
The Fundus, or inner lining, of the eye is photographed with specially designed cameras through the dilated pupil of the patient. The painless procedure produces a sharp view of the retina, the retinal vasculature, and the optic nerve head (optic disc) from which the retinal vessels enter the eye. The optic disc measures about 1.5mm in diameter.
Treating macular degeneration with electrical stimulationTreating macular degeneration with electrical stimulation
Stargardts disease (STGD), also known as fundus flavimaculatus (FFM), is an autosomal recessive retinal disorder characterized by a juvenile-onset macular dystrophy, alterations of the peripheral retina, and subretinal deposition of lipofuscin-like material. A gene encoding an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter was mapped to the 2-cM (centiMorgan) interval at 1p13-p21 previously shown by linkage analysis to harbor the STGD gene. This gene, ABCR, is expressed exclusively and at high levels in the retina, in rod but not cone photoreceptors, as detected by in situ hybridization. Mutational analysis of ABCR in STGD families revealed a total of 19 different mutations including homozygous mutations in two families with consanguineous parentage. These data indicate that ABCR is the causal gene of STGD/FFM ...
EURETINA Official | Official EURETINA Website | European Society of Retina SpecialistsEURETINA Official | Official EURETINA Website | European Society of Retina Specialists
The patients visual acuities were 20/100 with -2.00 spherical diopters (D) in the right eye and 20/80 with -2.50 spherical D in the left eye. While the anterior segment examinations were unremarkable for both eyes, the fundus examination of the patient demonstrated multiple bilateral, sharply defined, and scalloped chorioretinal atrophy areas in the mid-peripheral zones. Fundus fluorescein angiography did not show any leakage even in late phases for both eyes. The wide-field OCT scans of both eyes disclosed that increased central macular thicknesses with widespread hyporeflective spaces separated by multiple linear bridging elements in inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers in addition to retinal defects at outer nuclear and outer plexiform layers. Moreover, elevated level of plasma ornithine (967 Mmol/L) was detected, establishing the diagnosis of GA. Additionally, ocular examinations revealed no specific findings such as optic pits, myopic degeneration with staphyloma, or vitreoretinal ...
Real-time microscopic imaging of esophageal epithelial disease with autofluorescence under ultraviolet excitation<...Real-time microscopic imaging of esophageal epithelial disease with autofluorescence under ultraviolet excitation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Real-time microscopic imaging of esophageal epithelial disease with autofluorescence under ultraviolet excitation. AU - Lin, Bevin. AU - Urayama, Shiro. AU - Saroufeem, Ramez M G. AU - Matthews, Dennis L. AU - Demos, Stavros G.. PY - 2009/7/20. Y1 - 2009/7/20. N2 - Detection of esophageal disease in current clinical practice is limited to visualization of macroscopic epithelial morphology. In this work, we investigate high resolution autofluorescence imaging under ultra violet excitation to visualize microscopic epithelial changes related to disease progression using a bench top prototype microscope. The approach is based on the hypothesis that UV excitation light can only penetrate the superficial layer of cells resulting in autofluorescence images of the epithelial layer without using an additional image sectioning approach. The experiments were performed using ex vivo human esophagus biopsy specimens. The results indicate that cellular morphology information related to disease ...
EURETINA Official | Official EURETINA Website | European Society of Retina SpecialistsEURETINA Official | Official EURETINA Website | European Society of Retina Specialists
Eligibility criteria for this study included previously untreated exudative AMD with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from 0.08 to 0.8. To eliminate the effect of concomitant ocular pathology on VA, patients who had glaucoma, high myopia (spherical equivalent more than -6 dioptres) were excluded. Eyes included in the study should also have good transparency of optical media. These entry criteria were also a prerequisite for high-quality imaging, which included FAF, SD-OCT and fundus photography performed for each eye included in the study. Fundus photography and FAF were obtained using a VISUCAM 500 fundus camera (Carl Zeiss) with excitatory (510-580nm) and barrier (650-735nm) filters for FAF. SD-OCT of the macular area was performed on SOCT Copernicus+ (OPTOPOL). For the research analysis the results of the above named visualisation methods obtained at baseline and two or three weeks after the third bevacizumab injection were used (ie 3-4 months after the start of intravitreal therapy). To ...
Classification of diabetic retinopathy lesions from stereoscopic fundus images - IEEE Conference PublicationClassification of diabetic retinopathy lesions from stereoscopic fundus images - IEEE Conference Publication
Classification of the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is vital for determining appropriate therapies for this frequent complication of diabetes. The
Fundus Evaluation from Photography to Optical Coherence Angiography - 2019 Courses - Vision Expo WestFundus Evaluation from Photography to Optical Coherence Angiography - 2019 Courses - Vision Expo West
Documentation and progression evaluation of the ocular fundus has evolved from simple fundus photography to be complemented by optical coherence tomography OCT....
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Methods 12 New Zealand red rabbits were divided into 4 treatment groups of 3 rabbits each. HDP-P-5F2DU was added into the diluent and diluted into 4 stock concentrations. The right eye of each rabbit received 50μl of drug stock solution, while the left eye received a comparable volume of saline. Final drug concentrations for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 5{152g/ml, 25152}g/ml, 50μg/ml and 250μg/ml respectively. Clinical exams of each eye were made prior to injection, 24 hours and every week after surgery. Anterior segment and fundus findings, vitreous clarity and distribution of drug aggregates within vitreous were documented using slit-lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope. At 6 weeks after injection, the 2 low dosage groups were sacrificed because of the gradual disappearance of drug aggregates. Electroretinography (ERG) was performed and 100 μl of vitreous fluid sampled prior to sacrifice. The eyes were enucleated and fixed for histopathology. The 2 higher dose groups are observed because of ...
RetinaStation - non mydriatic Full Auto Fundus CameraRetinaStation - non mydriatic Full Auto Fundus Camera
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Paraformaldehyde and autofluorescence.Paraformaldehyde and autofluorescence.
I perform immunophenotyping of human lymphocytes by flow cytometry. I use 1% paraformaldehyde solution (PFA; Sigma) in PBS for cell fixation. The autofluorescence of fixed cell exited at 488nm is increased 6-7 fold comparing to nonfixed control. 1. Can someone suggest me an alternative PFA source which gives minimal autofluorescence? 2. Can someone suggest me a post-fixation protocol which reduces PFA-fixed cell autofluorescence? Thank you. Dr. L. Volkov ...
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Kodak Research Laboratories | American company | BritannicaKodak Research Laboratories | American company | Britannica
Other articles where Kodak Research Laboratories is discussed: history of photography: Colour photography: …American musicians working with the Kodak Research Laboratories, initiated the modern era of colour photography with their invention of Kodachrome film. With this reversal (slide) film, colour transparencies could be obtained that were suitable both for projection and for reproduction. A year later the Agfa Company of Germany developed the…
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Ophthalmoscopy (funduscopy or fundoscopy) is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope (or funduscope). It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a r
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Believe it or not, since its inception in the early 1980′s, the My Little Pony line of toys has had an active (even rabid!) fandom of collectors following it - long before the current Twilight Sparkle and her cohorts took over the world from their base on The Hub. Now available in print again in paperback is The World of My Little Pony: An Unauthorized Guide for Collectors (whew!) by Debra L. Birge and Ann Stroth. From Amazon, heres the publishers plug: "This is the first comprehensive collectors identification and value guide to My Little Pony. These popular toys were made from 1981 to 1991 and are attracting the interest of collectors around the world. Over 300 color photographs clearly identify over 600 My Little Ponies, some of which are extremely rare. In addition to the ponies, hundreds of related items sold under the MLP logo are shown. A very helpful index of all the ponies featured in the book and a handy price guide with beautifully detailed photography makes this book a must for ...
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AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
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AutofluorescenceRetinalOcular fundusFluoresceinPathologyRetinaOptical coherenceOrbicularis oculiOphthalmoscopeBilateralInferiorlyDiagnosisDiabeticPosteriorHypertensionDeterminationClinicalYellowishOnsetLesionsGlaucomaObservationPhotographyAtlasIndexesNormalColorLeft eyeRight eye
Autofluorescence10
Retinal8
  • Mydriatic fundus camera to undertake a fundus oculi and a retinal angiography. (sciencephoto.com)
  • Patients attended screenings for microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic polyneuropathy (DP), and DR. Single-field retinal imaging with a digital, nonmydriatic fundus camera was used to assess DR. Prevalence and incidence of microvascular complications were analyzed and the ratio of newly diagnosed to preexisting complications for all entities was calculated in order to differentiate natural progress from missed DRs. Results . (hindawi.com)
  • exudative retinopathy a condition marked by masses of white or yellowish exudate in the posterior part of the fundus oculi, with deposits of cholestrin and blood debris from retinal hemorrhage, and leading to destruction of the macula and blindness. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Fundus examination showed myopic changes, with no evidence of retinal tear bilaterally. (harvard.edu)
  • On examination, retinal abnormalities were identified in all 8 patients, with 7 (87.5%) oculus dexter and 1 (12.5%) oculus sinister, and with 1 (12.5%) inferotemporally, 3 (37.5%) superonasally, 3 (37.5%) inferonasally, and 1 (12.5%) inferiorly. (ovid.com)
  • Evaluation of diagnostic technology PARTICIPANTS: 1,796 retinal fundus images from 1,612 diabetic patients. (readbyqxmd.com)
  • The ophthalmoscope is primarily used to examine the fundus, or the inner wall of the posterior eye, which consists of the choroid, retina, fovea, macula, optic disc, and retinal vessels (Figure 1). (stichtingdoel.com)
  • RESULTS: Biomicroscopy and fundus photographs disclosed an apparent thinning of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the areas minimally affected, where possible changes in the transparent sensory retina were not visible. (lsh.is)
Ocular fundus2
  • The ocular fundus, page 131. (wikipedia.org)
  • Concerning diabetic changes of the ocular fundus, patients are often referred to an ophthalmologist, which requires a good network for exchange of relevant findings as well as possible arising consequences for adaption of diabetes therapy and control of other risk factors [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Fluorescein1
Pathology1
  • For the American Journal of Pathology, Kevorkian wrote up his research in "The Fundus Oculi and the Determination of Death. (pbs.org)
Retina2
Optical coherence1
Orbicularis oculi1
Ophthalmoscope1
  • 1917) The Fundus Oculi of Birds: Especially as Viewed by the Ophthalmoscope: A Study in the Comparative Anatomy and Physiology (Lakeside Press). (mcgill.ca)
Bilateral2
Inferiorly1
Diagnosis2
  • The differential diagnosis includes several entities that can present with fundus color change in light and dark adaptation: X-linked recessive (1,2) and dominant cone dystrophy (3), Oguchi disease (4), and X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (5). (harvard.edu)
  • The results indicate that implementing nonmydriatic, digital fundus imaging in a diabetes outpatient clinic can contribute to improved early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. (hindawi.com)
Diabetic1
Posterior1
  • Proposed classification of posterior staphylomas based on analyses of eye shape by three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and wide-field fundus imaging. (nih.gov)
Hypertension2
  • Morphological evaluations of the fundus oculi represent a fundamental tool for the clinical approach to the patient with hypertension. (spie.org)
  • The extreme importance of repeated examinations of the fundi oculi in all types of hypertension in pregnancy is emphasized. (journals.co.za)
Determination1
  • The patients were followed during this period at regular intervals, with determination of visual field, fundus oculi, visual acuity, and eventual onset of local and systemic side effects. (dovepress.com)
Clinical2
  • A previously developed image processing and recognition system, documented elsewhere and briefly described here, was successfully tested in pre-clinical experiments and applied in the evaluation of normal as well as of pathological fundus. (spie.org)
  • Clinical and biochemical effects of the E139K missense mutation in the TIMP3 gene, associated with Sorsby fundus dystrophy. (nih.gov)
Yellowish1
  • Growth retardation associated with muscle, liver, brain, and eye abnormalities marked by hypotonia, congestive pericarditis with elevated venous pressure, triangular face often with hydrocephaloid skull, hepatomegaly, yellowish dots and pigment dispersion in the fundus oculi, and borderline mental deficiency Most reported cases come from Finland. (rightdiagnosis.com)
Onset2
  • This phenomenon is characterized by a change in the color of the fundus from red in the dark-adapted state to golden immediately or shortly after the onset of the light. (harvard.edu)
  • The fundus photograph was taken 8 weeks after the onset. (utah.edu)
Lesions1
  • Ischemic lesions were found by magnetic resonance imaging at fundus oculi. (cdc.gov)
Glaucoma1
  • Although it has been reported that striae-shaped or slit-shaped lamina pores are more frequent in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), this observation is based only on fundus photography. (octnews.org)
Observation1
  • Easy observation of the fundus oculi makes retinopathy the most frequently reported chronic complication of diabetes and, consequently, the one we know best in terms of epidemiology and natural history. (ebscohost.com)
Photography1
Atlas1
  • The Fundus Oculi with an Ophthalmoscopic Atlas illustrating its Physiological Pathological Conditions. (lazarusbooks.co.uk)
Indexes1
  • The paper concentrates on the results and the implications of a computerized approach to the automatic extraction of numerical indexes describing morphological details of the fundus oculi. (spie.org)
Normal1
  • A normal disc and unremarkable macula are noted, but there is a marked golden-yellow sheen to the fundus extending beyond the arcades. (harvard.edu)
Color1
  • 6,7) The color of the fundus reflex in the light adapted state has also been described as golden-yellow, gray-white, and yellow-white. (harvard.edu)
Left eye1
Right eye1
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Formats: Still image / Languages: French / Subjects: Equipment and Supplies - Digital Collections - National Library of... (collections.nlm.nih.gov)
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Most recent papers with the keyword dr_ds | Read by QxMD (readbyqxmd.com)
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51 Great Work from Home Jobs & Gigs Available NOW! - Real Work From Home Jobs by Rat Race Rebellion (ratracerebellion.com)
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Primary glioblastoma of the cerebellum in a 19-year-old woman: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text (jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com)
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Is Your Disease on the RARE Listâ„¢ - If So, More Bad News! | The Addi and Cassi Fund - Niemann Pick Type C (addiandcassi.com)
Phase delaying the human circadian clock with a single light pulse and moderate delay of the sleep/dark episode: no influence...
Phase delaying the human circadian clock with a single light pulse and moderate delay of the sleep/dark episode: no influence... (jcircadianrhythms.biomedcentral.com)
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Strong Kids Newsletter - News - Giving to Golisano Children's Hospital - University of Rochester Medical Center (urmc.rochester.edu)
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Download Introduction to ophthalmoscopy by David Paton PDF EPUB FB2 MOBI (qevirykaryz.stichtingdoel.com)
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Embolus of Inferior Retinal Artery | Eccles Health Sciences Library | J. Willard Marriott Digital Library (collections.lib.utah.edu)
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Preliminary observations on the appearance of the optic disk in glaucoma.<... (miami.pure.elsevier.com)
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Results for: Animals (atlantavintagebooks.com)
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Annette Smith Burgess: Ophthalmological Illustrator | Books, Health and History (nyamcenterforhistory.org)
29 French adult patients with PMM2-congenital disorder of glycosylation: outcome of the classical pediatric phenotype and...
29 French adult patients with PMM2-congenital disorder of glycosylation: outcome of the classical pediatric phenotype and... (ojrd.biomedcentral.com)
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BOXVR - VRFocus (vrfocus.com)
Isaac Chesar Michaelson Books New, Rare & Used Books - Alibris
Isaac Chesar Michaelson Books New, Rare & Used Books - Alibris (alibris.com)
Dr Shreya's Health and Homeopathic Blog: Top 10 Homeopathic Remedies for Eye Problems!
Dr Shreya's Health and Homeopathic Blog: Top 10 Homeopathic Remedies for Eye Problems! (drshreya.blogspot.com)
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University of Rochester Veterans Jobs - Ophthalmic Technologist IV - 223623 in Rochester, New York, United States (universityofrochester-veterans.jobs)
Relation of baseline examination results to death from ischemic heart disease, cerebro-vascular disease and sudden death<...
Relation of baseline examination results to death from ischemic heart disease, cerebro-vascular disease and sudden death<... (pure.fujita-hu.ac.jp)
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Python 3 For Beginners in 2020 | Fettah BEN | Skillshare (skillshare.com)
OCULUS Eye Diseases Treatment Center in Koszalin | Poland
OCULUS Eye Diseases Treatment Center in Koszalin | Poland (medi-tour.co.uk)