Frontal lobe. Medical search

The part of the cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus, and anterior and superior to the lateral sulcus.

A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by seizures which arise in the FRONTAL LOBE. A variety of clinical syndromes exist depending on the exact location of the seizure focus. Frontal lobe seizures may be idiopathic (cryptogenic) or caused by an identifiable disease process such as traumatic injuries, neoplasms, or other macroscopic or microscopic lesions of the frontal lobes (symptomatic frontal lobe seizures). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp318-9)

Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for auditory, olfactory, and semantic processing. It is located inferior to the lateral fissure and anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

One of the paired, but seldom symmetrical, air spaces located between the inner and outer compact layers of the FRONTAL BONE in the forehead.

A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lobe, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (i.e., related to an identified disease process or lesion). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321)

The bone that forms the frontal aspect of the skull. Its flat part forms the forehead, articulating inferiorly with the NASAL BONE and the CHEEK BONE on each side of the face.

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. It is located posterior to central sulcus, anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE, and superior to the TEMPORAL LOBES.

Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

Posterior portion of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES responsible for processing visual sensory information. It is located posterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus and extends to the preoccipital notch.

The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which receives projection fibers from the MEDIODORSAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS. The prefrontal cortex receives afferent fibers from numerous structures of the DIENCEPHALON; MESENCEPHALON; and LIMBIC SYSTEM as well as cortical afferents of visual, auditory, and somatic origin.

Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the FRONTAL SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE or HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.

The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.

Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.

Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)

An involuntary expression of merriment and pleasure; it includes the patterned motor responses as well as the inarticulate vocalization.

A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.

Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.

In invertebrate zoology, a lateral lobe of the FOREBRAIN in certain ARTHROPODS. In vertebrate zoology, either of the corpora bigemina of non-mammalian VERTEBRATES. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1329)

An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.

The branch of psychology which investigates the psychology of crime with particular reference to the personality factors of the criminal.

One of the convolutions on the medial surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES. It surrounds the rostral part of the brain and CORPUS CALLOSUM and forms part of the LIMBIC SYSTEM.

Remembrance of information for a few seconds to hours.

A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Treatment of chronic, severe and intractable psychiatric disorders by surgical removal or interruption of certain areas or pathways in the brain, especially in the prefrontal lobes.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.

Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.

Tomography using radioactive emissions from injected RADIONUCLIDES and computer ALGORITHMS to reconstruct an image.

Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of the cerebral hemispheres.

A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

An interdisciplinary science concerned with studies of the biological bases of behavior - biochemical, genetic, physiological, and neurological - and applying these to the understanding and treatment of mental illness.

A meshlike structure composed of interconnecting nerve cells that are separated at the synaptic junction or joined to one another by cytoplasmic processes. In invertebrates, for example, the nerve net allows nerve impulses to spread over a wide area of the net because synapses can pass information in any direction.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

Includes both producing and responding to words, either written or spoken.

A set of cognitive functions that controls complex, goal-directed thought and behavior. Executive function involves multiple domains, such as CONCEPT FORMATION, goal management, cognitive flexibility, INHIBITION control, and WORKING MEMORY. Impaired executive function is seen in a range of disorders, e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; and ADHD.

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.

Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.

A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)

A verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings.

A learning situation involving more than one alternative from which a selection is made in order to attain a specific goal.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

An aphasia characterized by impairment of expressive LANGUAGE (speech, writing, signs) and relative preservation of receptive language abilities (i.e., comprehension). This condition is caused by lesions of the motor association cortex in the FRONTAL LOBE (BROCA AREA and adjacent cortical and white matter regions).

Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.

The observable response of a man or animal to a situation.

The study of crime and criminals with special reference to the personality factors and social conditions leading toward, or away from crime.

The use of diffusion ANISOTROPY data from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging results to construct images based on the direction of the faster diffusing molecules.

A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.

A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the measurement is made. The physical property may be with regard to thermal or electric conductivity or light refraction. In crystallography, it describes crystals whose index of refraction varies with the direction of the incident light. It is also called acolotropy and colotropy. The opposite of anisotropy is isotropy wherein the same values characterize the object when measured along axes in all directions.

Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder."

Ascertaining of deception through detection of emotional disturbance as manifested by changes in physiologic processes usually using a polygraph.

An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine.

A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)

The science that investigates the principles governing correct or reliable inference and deals with the canons and criteria of validity in thought and demonstration. This system of reasoning is applicable to any branch of knowledge or study. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed & Sippl, Computer Dictionary, 4th ed)

Paired bodies containing mostly GRAY MATTER and forming part of the lateral wall of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain.

Cognitive disorders including delirium, dementia, and other cognitive disorders. These may be the result of substance use, trauma, or other causes.

Conceptual functions or thinking in all its forms.

Broad plate of dense myelinated fibers that reciprocally interconnect regions of the cortex in all lobes with corresponding regions of the opposite hemisphere. The corpus callosum is located deep in the longitudinal fissure.

Tests designed to assess language behavior and abilities. They include tests of vocabulary, comprehension, grammar and functional use of language, e.g., Development Sentence Scoring, Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale, Parsons Language Sample, Utah Test of Language Development, Michigan Language Inventory and Verbal Language Development Scale, Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, Northwestern Syntax Screening Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Ammons Full-Range Picture Vocabulary Test, and Assessment of Children's Language Comprehension.

The measurement of magnetic fields over the head generated by electric currents in the brain. As in any electrical conductor, electric fields in the brain are accompanied by orthogonal magnetic fields. The measurement of these fields provides information about the localization of brain activity which is complementary to that provided by ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY. Magnetoencephalography may be used alone or together with electroencephalography, for measurement of spontaneous or evoked activity, and for research or clinical purposes.

The detailed examination of observable activity or behavior associated with the execution or completion of a required function or unit of work.

A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)

One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

An abrupt voluntary shift in ocular fixation from one point to another, as occurs in reading.

Communication through a system of conventional vocal symbols.

The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.

A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects.

A diagnostic technique that incorporates the measurement of molecular diffusion (such as water or metabolites) for tissue assessment by MRI. The degree of molecular movement can be measured by changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with time, as reflected by tissue microstructure. Diffusion MRI has been used to study BRAIN ISCHEMIA and tumor response to treatment.

The faculty of expressing the amusing, clever, or comical or the keen perception and cleverly apt expression of connections between ideas that awaken amusement and pleasure. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Acquired or developmental conditions marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or generate spoken forms of language.

The storing or preserving of video signals for television to be played back later via a transmitter or receiver. Recordings may be made on magnetic tape or discs (VIDEODISC RECORDING).

The relationships between symbols and their meanings.

A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.

Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system, central and peripheral, or demonstration of neurologic function or dysfunction.

Sleep disorders characterized by impaired arousal from the deeper stages of sleep (generally stage III or IV sleep).

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

The process whereby a representation of past experience is elicited.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)

A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin to evaluate tissue oxygenation and indirectly can measure regional hemodynamics and blood flow. Near-infrared light (NIR) can propagate through tissues and at particular wavelengths is differentially absorbed by oxygenated vs. deoxygenated forms of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Illumination of intact tissue with NIR allows qualitative assessment of changes in the tissue concentration of these molecules. The analysis is also used to determine body composition.

A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Timed test in which the subject must read a list of words or identify colors presented with varying instructions and different degrees of distraction. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary. 8th ed.)

A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.

The lectin wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to the enzyme HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE. It is widely used for tracing neural pathways.

A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)

Non-invasive methods of visualizing the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The interference with or prevention of a behavioral or verbal response even though the stimulus for that response is present; in psychoanalysis the unconscious restraining of an instinctual process.

The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.

An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.

The knowledge or perception that someone or something present has been previously encountered.

A disorder characterized by the onset of myoclonus in adolescence, a marked increase in the incidence of absence seizures (see EPILEPSY, ABSENCE), and generalized major motor seizures (see EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). The myoclonic episodes tend to occur shortly after awakening. Seizures tend to be aggravated by sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Hereditary and sporadic forms have been identified. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p323)

Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)

The ability to generate new ideas or images.

A cognitive process involving the formation of ideas generalized from the knowledge of qualities, aspects, and relations of objects.

Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.

Disorders of speech articulation caused by imperfect coordination of pharynx, larynx, tongue, or face muscles. This may result from CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; CEREBELLAR DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; BRAIN STEM diseases; or diseases of the corticobulbar tracts (see PYRAMIDAL TRACTS). The cortical language centers are intact in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p489)

Compounds that contain the radical R2C=N.OH derived from condensation of ALDEHYDES or KETONES with HYDROXYLAMINE. Members of this group are CHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATORS.

A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

Area of the FRONTAL LOBE concerned with primary motor control located in the dorsal PRECENTRAL GYRUS immediately anterior to the central sulcus. It is comprised of three areas: the primary motor cortex located on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain; the premotor cortex located anterior to the primary motor cortex; and the supplementary motor area located on the midline surface of the hemisphere anterior to the primary motor cortex.

Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)

Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an outer cerebral cortex and a subcortical basal ganglia. The cerebrum includes all parts within the skull except the MEDULLA OBLONGATA, the PONS, and the CEREBELLUM. Cerebral functions include sensorimotor, emotional, and intellectual activities.

Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field(s) of one or both eyes. Subtypes include altitudinal hemianopsia, characterized by a visual defect above or below the horizontal meridian of the visual field. Homonymous hemianopsia refers to a visual defect that affects both eyes equally, and occurs either to the left or right of the midline of the visual field. Binasal hemianopsia consists of loss of vision in the nasal hemifields of both eyes. Bitemporal hemianopsia is the bilateral loss of vision in the temporal fields. Quadrantanopsia refers to loss of vision in one quarter of the visual field in one or both eyes.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)

The awareness of the spatial properties of objects; includes physical space.

Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA.

Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders.

The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions.

Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.

Any of various diseases affecting the white matter of the central nervous system.

Brain waves seen on EEG characterized by a high amplitude and a frequency of 4 Hz and below. They are considered the "deep sleep waves" observed during sleep in dreamless states, infancy, and in some brain disorders.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Organic compounds that contain technetium as an integral part of the molecule. These compounds are often used as radionuclide imaging agents.

Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.

Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.

Bleeding within the subcortical regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA). It is often associated with HYPERTENSION or ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS. Clinical manifestations may include HEADACHE; DYSKINESIAS; and HEMIPARESIS.

A set of forebrain structures common to all mammals that is defined functionally and anatomically. It is implicated in the higher integration of visceral, olfactory, and somatic information as well as homeostatic responses including fundamental survival behaviors (feeding, mating, emotion). For most authors, it includes the AMYGDALA; EPITHALAMUS; GYRUS CINGULI; hippocampal formation (see HIPPOCAMPUS); HYPOTHALAMUS; PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS; SEPTAL NUCLEI; anterior nuclear group of thalamus, and portions of the basal ganglia. (Parent, Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy, 9th ed, p744; NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc.washington.edu/neuronames/index.html (September 2, 1998)).

Assessment of sensory and motor responses and reflexes that is used to determine impairment of the nervous system.

A genus of the family CEBIDAE, subfamily CEBINAE, consisting of four species which are divided into two groups, the tufted and untufted. C. apella has tufts of hair over the eyes and sides of the head. The remaining species are without tufts - C. capucinus, C. nigrivultatus, and C. albifrons. Cebus inhabits the forests of Central and South America.

The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation.

Those affective states which can be experienced and have arousing and motivational properties.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).

Recurrent conditions characterized by epileptic seizures which arise diffusely and simultaneously from both hemispheres of the brain. Classification is generally based upon motor manifestations of the seizure (e.g., convulsive, nonconvulsive, akinetic, atonic, etc.) or etiology (e.g., idiopathic, cryptogenic, and symptomatic). (From Mayo Clin Proc, 1996 Apr;71(4):405-14)

Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.

A false belief regarding the self or persons or objects outside the self that persists despite the facts, and is not considered tenable by one's associates.

A relatively common sequela of blunt head injury, characterized by a global disruption of axons throughout the brain. Associated clinical features may include NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; DEMENTIA; and other disorders.

A characteristic symptom complex.

Surgically placed electric conductors through which ELECTRIC STIMULATION is delivered to or electrical activity is recorded from a specific point inside the body.

Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.

Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.

Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.

Mental activity, not predominantly perceptual, by which one apprehends some aspect of an object or situation based on past learning and experience.

Learning to respond verbally to a verbal stimulus cue.

Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.

The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.

A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)

Study of mental processes and behavior of schizophrenics.

Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.

Structural abnormalities of the central or peripheral nervous system resulting primarily from defects of embryogenesis.

Loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning or recognize the importance of various forms of stimulation that cannot be attributed to impairment of a primary sensory modality. Tactile agnosia is characterized by an inability to perceive the shape and nature of an object by touch alone, despite unimpaired sensation to light touch, position, and other primary sensory modalities.

Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.

Mental process to visually perceive a critical number of facts (the pattern), such as characters, shapes, displays, or designs.

Differential response to different stimuli.

Behaviors which are at variance with the expected social norm and which affect other individuals.

A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.

NECROSIS occurring in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY system, including branches such as Heubner's artery. These arteries supply blood to the medial and superior parts of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, Infarction in the anterior cerebral artery usually results in sensory and motor impairment in the lower body.

Rare indolent tumors comprised of neoplastic glial and neuronal cells which occur primarily in children and young adults. Benign lesions tend to be associated with long survival unless the tumor degenerates into a histologically malignant form. They tend to occur in the optic nerve and white matter of the brain and spinal cord.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.

Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.

A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.

Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).

Standardized clinical interview used to assess current psychopathology by scaling patient responses to the questions.

Artery formed by the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL). Branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply the CAUDATE NUCLEUS; INTERNAL CAPSULE; PUTAMEN; SEPTAL NUCLEI; GYRUS CINGULI; and surfaces of the FRONTAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE.

Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.

Any situation where an animal or human is trained to respond differentially to two stimuli (e.g., approach and avoidance) under reward and punishment conditions and subsequently trained under reversed reward values (i.e., the approach which was previously rewarded is punished and vice versa).

An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.

The compartment containing the inferior part and anterior extremities of the frontal lobes (FRONTAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. It is formed mainly by orbital parts of the FRONTAL BONE and the lesser wings of the SPHENOID BONE.

A large group of nuclei lying between the internal medullary lamina and the INTERNAL CAPSULE. It includes the ventral anterior, ventral lateral, and ventral posterior nuclei.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by ACOUSTIC STIMULATION or stimulation of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS.

An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.

Use of reflected ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial pathologic processes.

A genus of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, consisting of 16 species inhabiting forests of Africa, Asia, and the islands of Borneo, Philippines, and Celebes.

A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)

The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.

The process whereby an utterance is decoded into a representation in terms of linguistic units (sequences of phonetic segments which combine to form lexical and grammatical morphemes).

The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted by the organism.

A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)

Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)

The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)

An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)

The perceiving of attributes, characteristics, and behaviors of one's associates or social groups.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

Neural encoding in orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala during olfactory discrimination learning. (1/3907)

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is part of a network of structures involved in adaptive behavior and decision making. Interconnections between OFC and basolateral amygdala (ABL) may be critical for encoding the motivational significance of stimuli used to guide behavior. Indeed, much research indicates that neurons in OFC and ABL fire selectively to cues based on their associative significance. In the current study recordings were made in each region within a behavioral paradigm that allowed comparison of the development of associative encoding over the course of learning. In each recording session, rats were presented with novel odors that were informative about the outcome of making a response and had to learn to withhold a response after sampling an odor that signaled a negative outcome. In some cases, reversal training was performed in the same session as the initial learning. Ninety-six of the 328 neurons recorded in OFC and 60 of the 229 neurons recorded in ABL exhibited selective activity during evaluation of the odor cues after learning had occurred. A substantial proportion of those neurons in ABL developed selective activity very early in training, and many reversed selectivity rapidly after reversal. In contrast, those neurons in OFC rarely exhibited selective activity during odor evaluation before the rats reached the criterion for learning, and far fewer reversed selectivity after reversal. The findings support a model in which ABL encodes the motivational significance of cues and OFC uses this information in the selection and execution of an appropriate behavioral strategy. (+info)

Frontal cognitive impairments and saccadic deficits in low-dose MPTP-treated monkeys. (2/3907)

There is considerable overlap between the cognitive deficits observed in humans with frontal lobe damage and those described in patients with Parkinson's disease. Similar frontal impairments have been found in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) primate model of Parkinsonism. Here we provide quantitative documentation of the cognitive, oculomotor, and skeletomotor dysfunctions of monkeys trained on a frontal task and treated with low-doses (LD) of MPTP. Two rhesus monkeys were trained to perform a spatial delayed-response task with frequent alternations between two behavioral modes (GO and NO-GO). After control recordings, the monkeys were treated with one placebo and successive LD MPTP courses. Monkey C developed motor Parkinsonian signs after a fourth course of medium-dose (MD) MPTP and later was treated with combined dopaminergic therapy (CDoT). There were no gross motor changes after the LD MPTP courses, and the average movement time (MT) did not increase. However, reaction time (RT) increased significantly. Both RT and MT were further increased in the symptomatic state, under CDoT. Self-initiated saccades became hypometric after LD MPTP treatments and their frequency decreased. Visually triggered saccades were affected to a lesser extent by the LD MPTP treatments. All saccadic parameters declined further in the symptomatic state and improved partially during CDoT. The number of GO mode (no-response, location, and early release) errors increased after MPTP treatment. The monkeys made more perseverative errors while switching from the GO to the NO-GO mode. Saccadic eye movement patterns suggest that frontal deficits were involved in most observed errors. CDoT had a differential effect on the behavioral errors. It decreased omission errors but did not improve location errors or perseverative errors. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry showed moderate ( approximately 70-80%) reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta after MPTP treatment. These results show that cognitive and motor disorders can be dissociated in the LD MPTP model and that cognitive and oculomotor impairments develop before the onset of skeletal motor symptoms. The behavioral and saccadic deficits probably result from the marked reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. We suggest that these behavioral changes result from modified neuronal activity in the frontal cortex. (+info)

Visuomotor processing as reflected in the directional discharge of premotor and primary motor cortex neurons. (3/3907)

Premotor and primary motor cortical neuronal firing was studied in two monkeys during an instructed delay, pursuit tracking task. The task included a premovement "cue period," during which the target was presented at the periphery of the workspace and moved to the center of the workspace along one of eight directions at one of four constant speeds. The "track period" consisted of a visually guided, error-constrained arm movement during which the animal tracked the target as it moved from the central start box along a line to the opposite periphery of the workspace. Behaviorally, the animals tracked the required directions and speeds with highly constrained trajectories. The eye movements consisted of saccades to the target at the onset of the cue period, followed by smooth pursuit intermingled with saccades throughout the cue and track periods. Initially, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for direction and period effects in the firing. Subsequently, a linear regression analysis was used to fit the average firing from the cue and track periods to a cosine model. Directional tuning as determined by a significant fit to the cosine model was a prominent feature of the discharge during both the cue and track periods. However, the directional tuning of the firing of a single cell was not always constant across the cue and track periods. Approximately one-half of the neurons had differences in their preferred directions (PDs) of >45 degrees between cue and track periods. The PD in the cue or track period was not dependent on the target speed. A second linear regression analysis based on calculation of the preferred direction in 20-ms bins (i.e., the PD trajectory) was used to examine on a finer time scale the temporal evolution of this change in directional tuning. The PD trajectories in the cue period were not straight but instead rotated over the workspace to align with the track period PD. Both clockwise and counterclockwise rotations occurred. The PD trajectories were relatively straight during most of the track period. The rotation and eventual convergence of the PD trajectories in the cue period to the preferred direction of the track period may reflect the transformation of visual information into motor commands. The widely dispersed PD trajectories in the cue period would allow targets to be detected over a wide spatial aperture. The convergence of the PD trajectories occurring at the cue-track transition may serve as a "Go" signal to move that was not explicitly supplied by the paradigm. Furthermore, the rotation and convergence of the PD trajectories may provide a mechanism for nonstandard mapping. Standard mapping refers to a sensorimotor transformation in which the stimulus is the object of the reach. Nonstandard mapping is the mapping of an arbitrary stimulus into an arbitrary movement. The shifts in the PD may allow relevant visual information from any direction to be transformed into an appropriate movement direction, providing a neural substrate for nonstandard stimulus-response mappings. (+info)

Improvement by nefiracetam of beta-amyloid-(1-42)-induced learning and memory impairments in rats. (4/3907)

1. We have previously demonstrated that continuous i.c.v. infusion of amyloid beta-peptide (A beta), the major constituent of senile plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, results in learning and memory deficits in rats. 2. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nefiracetam [N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl) acetamide, DM-9384] on A beta-(1-42)-induced learning and memory deficits in rats. 3. In the A beta-(1-42)-infused rats, spontaneous alternation behaviour in a Y-maze task, spatial reference and working memory in a water maze task, and retention of passive avoidance learning were significantly impaired as compared with A beta-(40-1)-infused control rats. 4. Nefiracetam, at a dose range of 1-10 mg kg(-1), improved learning and memory deficits in the A beta-(1-42)-infused rats when it was administered p.o. 1 h before the behavioural tests. 5. Nefiracetam at a dose of 3 mg kg(-1) p.o. increased the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the hippocampus of A beta-(1-42)-infused rats. 6. Nefiracetam increased dopamine turnover in the cerebral cortex and striatum of A beta-(1-42)-infused rats, but failed to affect the noradrenaline, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid content. 7. These results suggest that nefiracetam may be useful for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease. (+info)

N-Methyl-D-aspartate antagonists and apoptotic cell death triggered by head trauma in developing rat brain. (5/3907)

Morbidity and mortality from head trauma is highest among children. No animal model mimicking traumatic brain injury in children has yet been established, and the mechanisms of neuronal degeneration after traumatic injury to the developing brain are not understood. In infant rats subjected to percussion head trauma, two types of brain damage could be characterized. The first type or primary damage evolved within 4 hr and occurred by an excitotoxic mechanism. The second type or secondary damage evolved within 6-24 hr and occurred by an apoptotic mechanism. Primary damage remained localized to the parietal cortex at the site of impact. Secondary damage affected distant sites such as the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex, subiculum, frontal cortex, thalamus and striatum. Secondary apoptotic damage was more severe than primary excitotoxic damage. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonate and dizocilpine protected against primary excitotoxic damage but increased severity of secondary apoptotic damage. 2-Sulfo-alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl-nitrone, a free radical scavenger, did not affect primary excitotoxic damage but mitigated apoptotic damage. These observations demonstrate that apoptosis and not excitotoxicity determine neuropathologic outcome after traumatic injury to the developing brain. Whereas free radical scavengers may prove useful in therapy of head trauma in children, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists should be avoided because of their propensity to increase severity of apoptotic damage. (+info)

Crossmodal associative memory representations in rodent orbitofrontal cortex. (6/3907)

Firing patterns of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex (OF) were analyzed in rats trained to perform a task that encouraged incidental associations between distinct odors and the places where their occurrence was detected. Many of the neurons fired differentially when the animals were at a particular location or sampled particular odors. Furthermore, a substantial fraction of the cells exhibited odor-specific firing patterns prior to odor presentation, when the animal arrived at a location associated with that odor. These findings suggest that neurons in the OF encode cross-modal associations between odors and locations within long-term memory. (+info)

Blind smell: brain activation induced by an undetected air-borne chemical. (7/3907)

EEG and behavioural evidence suggests that air-borne chemicals can affect the nervous system without being consciously detected. EEG and behaviour, however, do not specify which brain structures are involved in chemical sensing that occurs below a threshold of conscious detection. Here we used functional MRI to localize brain activation induced by high and low concentrations of the air-borne compound oestra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3yl acetate. Following presentations of both concentrations, eight of eight subjects reported verbally that they could not detect any odour (P = 0.004). Forced choice detection performed during the presentations revealed above-chance detection of the high concentration, but no better than chance detection of the low concentration compound. Both concentrations induced significant brain activation, primarily in the anterior medial thalamus and inferior frontal gyrus. Activation in the inferior frontal gyrus during the high concentration condition was significantly greater in the right than in the left hemisphere (P = 0.03). A trend towards greater thalamic activation was observed for the high concentration than the low concentration compound (P = 0.08). These findings localize human brain activation that was induced by an undetectable air-borne chemical (the low concentration compound). (+info)

Increased poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of nuclear proteins in Alzheimer's disease. (8/3907)

Experimental studies indicate that overactivation of the DNA repair protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in response to oxidative damage to DNA can cause cell death due to depletion of NAD+. Oxidative damage to DNA and other macromolecules has been reported to be increased in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. In the present study we sought evidence of PARP activation in Alzheimer's disease by immunostaining sections of frontal and temporal lobe from autopsy material of 20 patients and 10 controls, both for PARP itself and for its end-product, poly(ADP-ribose). All of the brains had previously been subjected to detailed neuropathological examination to confirm the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or, in the controls, to exclude Alzheimer's disease-type pathology. Double immunolabelling for poly(ADP-ribose) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), glial fibrillary-acidic protein (GFAP), CD68, A beta-protein or tau was used to assess the identity of the cells with poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation and their relationship to plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Both PARP- and poly(ADP-ribose)-immunolabelled cells were detected in a much higher proportion of Alzheimer's disease (20 out of 20) brains than of control brains (5 out of 10) (P = 0.0018). Double-immunolabelling for poly(ADP-ribose) and markers of neuronal, astrocytic and microglial differentiation (MAP2, GFAP and CD68, respectively) showed many of the cells containing poly(ADP-ribose) to be neurons. Most of these were small pyramidal neurons in cortical laminae 3 and 5. A few of the cells containing poly(ADP-ribose) were astrocytes. No poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation was detected in microglia. Double-immunolabelling for poly(ADP-ribose) and tau or A beta-protein indicated that the cells with accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) did not contain tangles and relatively few occurred within plaques. Our findings indicate that there is enhanced PARP activity in Alzheimer's disease and suggest that pharmacological interventions aimed at inhibiting PARP may have a role in slowing the progression of the disease. (+info)

Frontal lobe[edit]. *Lateral frontobasal (orbitiofrontal): This artery branches out anteriorly, superiorly and laterally to ... The bulk of the lateral surface of the hemisphere; except for the superior inch of the frontal and parietal lobe (anterior ... Superior division supplies lateroinferior frontal lobe (location of Broca's area i.e. language expression) ... Parietal lobe[edit]. *Anterior parietal: This artery usually originates from the anterior or middle MCA trunk. In some cases it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_cerebral_artery

Brain animation: left frontal lobe highlighted in red. Moniz targeted the frontal lobes in the leucotomy procedure he first ... An interpretation of frontal lobe function based upon the study of a case of partial bilateral frontal lobotomy. Research ... diameter circular lesion in the white matter of the frontal lobe.[105] Typically, six lesions were cut into each lobe, but, if ... In Ken Kesey's 1962 novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and its 1975 film adaptation, lobotomy is described as "frontal-lobe ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobotomy

... is one of the most important areas in the frontal lobe. The precentral gyrus is the most posterior gyrus of the frontal lobe ... "Frontal Lobe". Rice University Web Calendar. 26 June 2000. Web. 06 Dec. 2010. <"Archived copy". Archived from the original on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron

Risk factors are:[citation needed] Advancing age; Mental health problems; Cognitive impairment; Dementia; Frontal lobe ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-neglect

... , or frontal ataxia is a gait apraxia found in patients with bilateral frontal lobe disorders. It is characterised ... Many neurologists describe frontal lobe ataxia as really an apraxia, in which voluntary control of initiating movement is ... Frontal lobe ataxia is often associated with damage to the frontopontocerebellar tract (Arnold's bundle) that connects the ... Wide base, poor balance control when in stance Short stride En bloc turns Often patients with frontal lobe ataxia may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruns_apraxia

Frontal lobe effect.", examining electroencephalography potentials that were recorded while resting compared to subjects ... Frontal lobe effects. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 47(1), 28.. ... Results indicate mental work increases integrated frontal potentials. He also published several books including Group ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelbert_Ford

A fissure is a large furrow that divides the brain into lobes and also into the two hemispheres as the longitudinal fissure.[1] ... Inferior frontal gyrus: 11. *47-Pars orbitalis. *Broca's area *44-Pars opercularis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)

Frontal lobe. Speech, emotion, behavior, movement, and planning Parietal lobe. Object identification, pain, pressure, and other ... Temporal lobe. Memory, personality, language, smells and sounds In the temporal lobe, the hippocampus and amygdala (Figure 5) ... Occipital lobe. Visual stimuli and allows the brain to process light and objects ... Figure 10: Activity of the α-KGDHC in cerebral cortex (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital) , hippocampus, amygdala, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:RostyslavZvanych/The_a-ketoglutarate_dehydrogenase_complex_in_Alzheimer’s_disease

The postcentral gyrus is a prominent gyrus in the lateral parietal lobe of the human brain. It is the location of the primary ... Inferior frontal gyrus: 11. *47-Pars orbitalis. *Broca's area *44-Pars opercularis ... upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_1

Section of brain showing upper surface of temporal lobe ("transverse temporal gyri" visible at center left) ... Inferior frontal gyrus: 11. *47-Pars orbitalis. *Broca's area *44-Pars opercularis ... one in the right prefrontal lobe, and the other in the primary auditory regions - the transverse temporal gyrus and the ... rather than front to back as all other temporal lobe gyri run. ... Central (frontal+parietal). *Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_temporal_gyrus

The cingulate cortex is usually considered part of the limbic lobe. It receives inputs from the thalamus and the neocortex, and ... "Convergent Inputs from Thalamic Motor Nuclei and Frontal Cortical Areas to the Dorsal Striatum in the Primate". The Journal of ... Most recently, it was included as a part of the limbic lobe in the Terminologia Anatomica (1998)[24] following von Economo's ( ... Broca, P (1878). "Anatomie comparee des circonvolutions cerebrales: Le grand lobe limbique et la scissure limbique dans la ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cingulate_cortex

Frontal lobe. Superolateral. Prefrontal. *Superior frontal gyrus *4. *6. *8. *Middle frontal gyrus *9 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromodulator

Frontal lobe *Cortex *Primary motor cortex (Precentral gyrus, M1). *Supplementary motor cortex ... Amygdala (limbic system) (limbic lobe) *Central nucleus (autonomic nervous system). *Medial nucleus (accessory olfactory system ... upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain

Brain and frontal lobe. 3D printing of BodyParts3D foot bone data. Painting colors on cervical vertebrae polygon data, included ... For example, the vertebral column is registered as FMA13478, the temporal lobe is registered as FMA61825, and so on. Version ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomography

Frontal lobe injury. *Nerve injury *Spinal cord injury. *Brachial plexus injury. *Peripheral nerve injury ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_sport

... has also been observed in individuals with frontal lobe damage,[5] epilepsy, dementia and autoimmune disorders;[1] ... and echopraxia-palipraxia as ictal manifestations in a patient with left frontal lobe epilepsy". Epilepsia. 50 (6): 1616-9. doi ... a group of neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus (F5 region) of the brain that may influence imitative behaviors,[1] but no ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echopraxia

My frontal lobe has absconded'". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 April 2017. Singh, Anita (26 January 2020). "Monty Python frontman ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Jones

Levin, Harvey; Eisenberg, Howard; Benton, Arthur (1991). Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction. Oxford: Oxford University Press ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Shallice

The frontal lobe of the central raised area of the cephalon (or glabella) is much wider than the other lobes. The frontal lobe ... The eye lobe is much higher than the glabella. The "seem" that is visible from the ventral side (or doublure) is wide and flat ... The frontal band of each pleural rib is more vaulted and broader than the rear band. The pleural furrows stay clear of the ... The facial suture (almost) coincides with the frontal glabellar furrow. Eye smaller, staying clear of the lateral and posterior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odontochile

The normal age progression results in a decline in frontal lobe function. Therefore, older adults are more vulnerable to ... References Asp, Eric (2012). Principles of Frontal Lobe Dysfunction. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 389. ISBN 978- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_tagging_theory

The frontal lobe of the central raised area of the cephalon (or glabella) is much wider than the other lobes. The frontal lobe ... The frontal band of each pleural rib is more vaulted and broader than the rear band. The pleural furrows almost reach the ... The frontal margin of the cephalon is semicircular to parabolic, and it may have a simple and short anterior extension. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalmanites

Patients with frontal lobe damage, such as Phineas Gage, provided the first evidence that the frontal lobes were associated ... Frontal lobe damage, particularly to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), results in impaired abilities to organize and ... Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction. Oxford University Press. pp. 217-229. ISBN 978-0-19-506284-7. Loewenstein, G. F.; Weber ... the right inferior parietal lobe, and the caudate nucleus than did non-users. Conversely, the cocaine users showed lesser ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_marker_hypothesis

Tulving E (2002). "Chronesthesia: Conscious Awareness of Subjective Time". Principles of Frontal Lobe Function. pp. 311-325. ... the roles of the frontal pole and the medial temporal lobes". NeuroImage. 19 (4): 1369-80. doi:10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00179-4. ... The results show that temporal-order memory of past events involves the frontal and posterior brain regions and item retrieval ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_time_travel

Principles of Frontal Lobe Function. pp. 466-503. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134971.003.0029. ISBN 9780195134971. Prencipe, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_and_cold_cognition

Smith EE, Jonides J (March 1999). "Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes". Science. 283 (5408): 1657-61. ... Fuster, Joaquin M. (1997). The prefrontal cortex: anatomy, physiology, and neuropsychology of the frontal lobe. Philadelphia: ... Frontal lobe function and dysfunction. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-19-506284-7. Baddeley, Alan D.; ... synchronizing rhythms in bilateral frontal and left temporal lobe areas. Torkel Klingberg was the first to investigate whether ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_memory

Lahmeyer HW (June 1982). "Frontal lobe meningioma and depression". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 43 (6): 254-5. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_diagnoses_of_depression

217-229). In H.S. Levin, H.M. Eisenberg & A.L. Benton (Eds.). Frontal lobe function and dysfunction. New York: Oxford ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotions_in_decision-making

Duncan, John; Burgess, Paul; Emslie, Hazel (March 1995). "Fluid intelligence after frontal lobe lesions". Neuropsychologia. 33 ... "A human intracranial study of long-range oscillatory coherence across a frontal-occipital-hippocampal brain network during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefrontal_synthesis

... nocturnal frontal lobe, 1; 600513; CHRNA4 Epilepsy, nocturnal frontal lobe, 3; 605375; CHRNB2 Epilepsy, nocturnal frontal lobe ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

Position of precentral sulcus (shown in red). Lateral surface of right frontal lobe. Precentral sulcus is labeled by * and **. ... middle and superior frontal gyri from the precentral gyrus. In most brains, the precentral sulcus is divided into two parts: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precentral_sulcus

The frontal lobe and parietal lobe function as integrators of information from multiple sensory modalities. There are some ... "Interactions between frontal cortex and basal ganglia in working memory: A computational model" (PDF). link.springer.com. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_neuroscientist

Since then, both techniques have been applied to numerous disorders of frontal and prefrontal lobe function. Sherrill, R. (2004 ... which combined with symptoms synonymous with impaired executive control make them prime candidates for pre-frontal centric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoencephalography

The disorder is associated with bilateral damage to the parietal lobe, an area of the brain linked with spatial shifts of ... the existence of further activations during counting in the right inferior frontal regions, and the anterior cingulate have ... the subitizing and counting range activation occurs bilaterally in the occipital extrastriate cortex and superior parietal lobe ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subitizing

Temporal lobe epilepsy. Frontal lobe epilepsy. Rolandic epilepsy. Nocturnal epilepsy. Panayiotopoulos syndrome. Vertiginous ... However, between 5-20% of people with PNES also have epilepsy.[15] Frontal lobe seizures can be mistaken for PNES, though these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychogenic_non-epileptic_seizure

Waniek C, Prohovnik I, Kaufman MA, Dwork AJ (1995). "Rapidly progressive frontal-type dementia associated with Lyme disease". ... a purplish lump that develops on the ear lobe, nipple, or scrotum.[39] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

Since the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes[11] control inhibition, emotions, mood, judgement, reasoning, and behavior, a ... The brain is divided into 4 lobes and each lobe or area has its own function.[14][15] A tumor in any of these lobes may affect ... Frontal lobe tumors may contribute to poor reasoning, inappropriate social behavior, personality changes, poor planning, lower ... Temporal lobe: Tumors in this lobe may contribute to poor memory, loss of hearing,[15] difficulty in language comprehension ( ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_tumors

... temporal lobe of the brain), spatial (occipital lobe of the brain) or quantitative information (parietal lobe of the brain).[5] ... located mainly in the frontal and parietal cortex that subserve functions that are central to all cognitive processing, such as ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Piagetian_theories_of_cognitive_development

In particular, the supplementary motor complex on the medial surface of the frontal lobe appears to activate prior to primary ... posterior sequential activation process beginning in the supplementary motor area on the medial surface of the frontal lobe and ... "Internally Generated Preactivation of Single Neurons in Human Medial Frontal Cortex Predicts Volition". Neuron. 69 (3): 548-62 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_will

Fleshy lobe-fins supported on bones seem to have been an ancestral trait of all bony fishes (Osteichthyes). The ancestors of ... A notable characteristic that make a tetrapod's skull different from a fish's are the relative frontal and rear portion lengths ... Devonian fishes, including an early shark Cladoselache, Eusthenopteron and other lobe-finned fishes, and the placoderm ... Tetrapods evolved from early bony fishes (Osteichthyes), specifically from the tetrapodomorph branch of lobe-finned fishes ( ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod

He concluded that people with some type of frontal lobe damage often "produced not only severe difficulties with expressive ... is a language disorder caused by damage to Broca's area and surrounding regions in the left frontal lobe.[42] Those with non- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologic_music_therapy

Cerebral cortex of frontal lobe in the human brain. Identifiers. Latin. Area triangularis. ... Brodmann area 45 (BA45), is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. It is situated on the lateral surface, inferior to ... This area is also known as the pars triangularis (of the inferior frontal gyrus). In humans, it occupies the triangular part of ... Connections in inferior frontal gyrus[edit]. At least one study demonstrated a high degree of connectivity between the three ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus

found that TMS applied to the left frontal lobe disturbs speech but not melody supporting the idea that they are subserved by ... The auditory area is located in the temporal lobe. The temporal lobe deals with the recognition and perception of auditory ... Additionally, the intensity of emotions was differentiated by the pattern of overall frontal EEG activity. Overall frontal ... physiological and anatomical organization of frontal and parietal lobe arm regions. Cereb". Cortex. 6: 102-119. doi:10.1093/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience_of_music

Frontal lobe injury. *Nerve injury *Spinal cord injury. *Brachial plexus injury. *Peripheral nerve injury ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injury

... there is less brain volume in the frontal cortex and temporal lobes, and problems within the corpus callosum, the band of nerve ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenic

... of the frontal lobe.[38] It has also been found that decreased OFC metabolism was correlated with headaches.[38] People ... Other brain regions regulated by retinoic acid and potentially disrupted by isotretinoin include the frontal cortex and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotretinoin

ললাটীয় খণ্ডক (Frontal lobe). *পার্শ্বকরোটি খণ্ডক (Parietal lobe). *পশ্চাৎকরোটি খণ্ডক (Occipital lobe) ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/নিতম্বাস্থি

... toward the tip of the frontal lobe.[39]. *Cranial (from Greek κρανίον 'skull') or cephalic (from Greek κεφαλή 'head') describes ... The frontal plane, also called the coronal plane, which divides the body into front and back.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsum_

They also have a smaller brain than comparably sized simians, large olfactory lobes for smell, a vomeronasal organ to detect ... a protective ring of bone created by a connection between the frontal and zygomatic bones.[83] Both living and extinct ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strepsirrhini

Though Gage is considered the "index case for personality change due to frontal lobe damage"[3][28][29][17] his scientific ... Stuss, D.T.; Gow, C.A.; Hetherington, C.R. (1992). "'No longer Gage': Frontal lobe dysfunction and emotional changes". Journal ... Debate as to whether the trauma and subsequent infection had damaged both of Gage's frontal lobes, or only the left, began ... Inter-hemispheric connections of the frontal and limbic lobes as well as basal ganglia were also affected."[22] (Quotations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?diff=589273712

... neurons throughout the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain die as well.[35] The pathological hallmark of ALS is the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Gehrig's_disease

There are several brain structures (corpus callosum and frontal lobe) that are different in women with dysthymia than in those ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_depression

cerebral cortex, particularly that of the frontal lobes;. *dentate nucleus of the cerebellum; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Supranuclear_Palsy

... is I believe a cerebellar not a parietal lobe sign. "Frontal lobe" is more accurate than "prefrontal lobe" (you could talk of ... of the frontal lobe but that might be too detailed for this article). Pressured speech does not imply cerebellar dusfunction; " ... "The patient should be able to execute a movement on command" is not specifically extrapyramidal, more frontal if anything. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mental_status_examination

... compensatory mechanisms are found in other areas of the corpus callosum and frontal lobe. These compensatory mechanisms, ... The anterior commissure (also known as the precommissure) is a tract that connects the two temporal lobes of the cerebral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissural_fiber

There was bipolar electroencephalographic activity over the occipital, temporal and frontal lobes. Persinger concluded that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingo_Swann

Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is the best understood form of frontal lobe epilepsy but is often ... Other lesions on the frontal lobe such as hamartomas and nodular heterotopias can cause frontal lobe symptoms as well. Birth ... vocal outbursts and cognitive/judgment symptoms displayed during frontal lobe seizures.[21] Frontal lobe seizures also tend to ... and can be further divided into temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy. Although the exact number of cases of frontal lobe epilepsy ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe_epilepsy

... consisting of parts of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. The term is ambiguous, with some authors[who?] including the ... The limbic lobe is an arc-shaped region of cortex on the medial surface of each cerebral hemisphere of the mammalian brain, ... Klüver, H; Bucy, PC (1939). "Preliminary analysis of functions of the temporal lobes in monkeys". Archives of Neurology and ... Broca named the limbic lobe in 1878, identifying it with the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri, and associating it with the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbic_lobe

... is characterized by reduced size in specific neuroanatomical regions of the frontal lobes and basal ganglia." I challenged ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasutaja:Mariina/Lapseea_aktiivsus-_ja_tähelepanuhäire

... directly anterior to the central sulcus that divides the frontal and parietal lobes. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle

In later decades, men show greater volume loss in whole brain volume and in the frontal lobes, and temporal lobes, whereas in ... IQ correlates more with gray matter volume in the frontal lobe and parietal lobe, which is roughly involved in sensory ... whereas in women it correlates with gray matter volume in the frontal lobe and Broca's area, which is involved in language.[3] ... with high heritabilities of frontal lobe volumes (90-95%), moderate estimates in the hippocampi (40-69%), and environmental ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_size

This may in part be due to the attention to detail and rigorous testing strategies required to probe frontal lobe functions. ... The frontal lobe is the largest lobe in the brain, yet it is often not specifically evaluated in routine neurologic ... Frontal Lobe Syndromes) and Frontal Lobe Syndromes What to Read Next on Medscape. Related Conditions and Diseases. * Frontal ... Performance on the Frontal Assessment Battery is sensitive to frontal lobe damage in stroke patients. BMC Neurol. 2013 Nov 16. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1135866-medication

Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an uncommon form of epilepsy that runs in families. Explore ... Genetic Testing Registry: Epilepsy, nocturnal frontal lobe, type 1 *Genetic Testing Registry: Epilepsy, nocturnal frontal lobe ... Genetic Testing Registry: Epilepsy, nocturnal frontal lobe, type 3 *Genetic Testing Registry: Epilepsy, nocturnal frontal lobe ... Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: demonstration of focal frontal onset and intrafamilial variation. Neurology ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autosomal-dominant-nocturnal-frontal-lobe-epilepsy

Helping you find trustworthy answers on Frontal Lobe , Latest evidence made easy ... Find all the evidence you need on Frontal Lobe via the Trip Database. ... Frontal Lobe Tuberculoma: A Clinical and Imaging Challenge Full Text available with Trip Pro. Frontal Lobe Tuberculoma: A ... The cause of the seizure was found to be a small abscess in her frontal lobe, secondary to frontal sinusitis due to a bony ...

https://www.tripdatabase.com/search?criteria=Frontal+Lobe&page=3

Helping you find trustworthy answers on Frontal Lobe , Latest evidence made easy ... Find all the evidence you need on Frontal Lobe via the Trip Database. ... Frontal lobe signs after posterior fossa surgery: Is hypoperfusion ignored? Full Text available with Trip Pro. Frontal lobe ... Frontal lobe tuberculoma Full Text available with Trip Pro. Frontal lobe tuberculoma Tuberculomas are usually infratentorial in ...

https://www.tripdatabase.com/search?criteria=Frontal+Lobe&page=5

... , Cerebral Frontal Lobe, Frontal Lobe Function, Primary Motor Area, Brodmann Area 4, Supplemental Motor Area, ... Brodmann Area 6, Frontal Eye Fields, Brodmann Area 8, Brocas Speech Area, Brodmann Area 44 and 45, Pars Orbitalis, Brodmann ... Frontal Lobes, Frontal Lobe, Lobe, Frontal, Lobes, Frontal, Tissue of frontal lobe brain, Tissue of frontal lobe of brain, ... frontal lobe (brain), frontal regions, frontal lobes, frontal brain lobe, frontal lobe brain, brain frontal lobe, FL, frontal ...

https://fpnotebook.com/legacy/Neuro/Exam/FrntlLb.htm

The lateral sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe. The frontal lobe can be divided into a lateral, polar, ... The frontal lobe is covered by the frontal cortex. The frontal cortex includes the premotor cortex, and the primary motor ... Common effects of damage to the frontal lobe are varied. Patients who have experienced frontal lobe trauma may know the ... Psychological tests that measure frontal lobe function include finger tapping (as the frontal lobe controls voluntary movement ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe

... the frontal lobe is arguably more susceptible to injuries. Following a frontal lobe injury, an individuals abilities to make ... Patients with damaged frontal lobes often complain of minimal to substantial memory loss. Because of this, frontal lobe ... A widely reported case of frontal lobe injury was that of Phineas Gage, a railroad worker whose left frontal lobe was damaged ... we may be misrepresenting the functions of the frontal lobe, specifically the role it plays in memory. Frontal lobe disorder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe_injury

Frontal lobe disorder, also frontal lobe syndrome, is an impairment of the frontal lobe that occurs due to disease or frontal ... The diagnosis of frontal lobe disorder can be divided into the following three categories: Clinical history Frontal lobe ... Frontal lobe impairment is also a feature of Alzheimers disease, and frontotemporal dementia. The pathogenesis of frontal lobe ... "Frontal Lobe Syndrome. FLS information. Frontal Lobe Lesions , Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-01-30. Davis, Larry E.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe_disorder

Steroid Metabolism and Frontal Lobes. Br Med J 1949; 1 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.4592.74-c (Published 08 January 1949) ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/1/4592/74.4

The scholarly consensus now holds that frontal-lobe damage does not lead to memory deficits in consolidation, storage, and ... Damage to the frontal lobes can produce memory impairment and sometimes even severe memory loss, but it has proved difficult to ... Source for information on Frontal Lobes and Episodic Memory: Learning and Memory dictionary. ... FRONTAL LOBES AND EPISODIC MEMORYThe idea that the frontal lobes are implicated in memory has a long and controversial history ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/psychology/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/frontal-lobes-and-episodic-memory

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe_epilepsy

Continuum of frontal lobe impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.. Murphy JM1, Henry RG, Langmore S, Kramer JH, Miller BL ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17420314?dopt=Abstract

What is frontal head pain?. A headache can cause pain anywhere in the head, but a frontal lobe headache tends to cause pain in ... In spite of the name, a frontal lobe headache is rarely related to that part of the brain, and it is not a condition in itself ... Pain in the front of the head is sometimes described as a frontal lobe headache. ... Sinusitis may cause frontal head pain.. The sinuses can become inflamed by an infection or allergic reaction, which is known as ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321086

Of all partial seizures, those of frontal lobe origin (FLPS) are most bizarre and are often mistaken for psychogenic seizures ( ... Frontal lobe partial seizures and psychogenic seizures: comparison of clinical and ictal characteristics.. *Saygi S ... Of all partial seizures, those of frontal lobe origin (FLPS) are most bizarre and are often mistaken for psychogenic seizures ( ...

https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/frontal-lobe-partial-seizures-psychogenic-seizures-comparison-clinical-ictal-characteristics/

... Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Occipitallobe Principal fissures and lobes of the cerebrum viewed ... Frontal+Lobe The frontal lobe is an area in the brain of mammals. Located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere, frontal ... Frontal lobe. Precentral gyrus (Primary motor cortex, 4), Precentral sulcus, Superior frontal gyrus/Frontal eye fields (6, 8, 9 ... The frontal lobe reaches full maturity around age 25. Research by Arthur Toga, UCLA, found increased myelin in the frontal lobe ...

http://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Frontal_lobe.html

Find Neurologists that treat Frontal Lobe Dementia, See Reviews and Book Online Instantly. Its free! All appointment times are ...

https://www.zocdoc.com/procedure/frontal-lobe-dementia-3153

... tension headaches and migraines are some of the most common causes of headaches affecting the frontal lobe area, as listed by ... What causes frontal lobe headaches?. A: Eye strain, tension and sinus problems can cause pain in the frontal lobe, according to ... Frontal sinusitis, tension headaches and migraines are some of the most common causes of headaches affecting the frontal lobe ... A frontal sinus headache occurs as the result of increased pressure in the sinus cavities located above the eyes within the ...

https://www.reference.com/health/causes-frontal-lobe-headaches-1dea6696799870c1

Alcoholism, Korsakoffs Syndrome and the Frontal Lobes. R. R. Jacobson St. Georges Hospital Medical School, Department of ... the diffuse cerebral changes and psychometric deficits found in chronic alcoholics is similar to that seen in the frontal lobe ... These results suggest a cortical substrate for the degree of GID and a frontal substrate for category sorting deficits; with a ... pathophysiology of alcoholic brain damage and AKS which includes recent work on neurotransmitter sources and thalamo-frontal ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bn/1989/847937/abs/

Alcoholism, Korsakoffs Syndrome and the Frontal Lobes. R. R. Jacobson St. Georges Hospital Medical School, Department of ... R. R. Jacobson, "Alcoholism, Korsakoffs Syndrome and the Frontal Lobes," Behavioural Neurology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 25-38, 1989 ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bn/1989/847937/cta/

Strokes in the frontal lobe can have detrimental effects on personality, decision-making, language abilities and self-motoring. ... Hodgson and his team tested patients who had suffered a stroke to either the left or the right frontal lobe in a multitasking ... Strokes that affect the prefrontal cortex in the frontal lobes can have a detrimental impact on decision-making, according to ... The left inferior frontal gyrus is one of the most important brain regions for creative language performance. This area shows ...

https://www.livestrong.com/article/180945-effects-of-a-frontal-lobe-stroke/

... each of which is divided into four lobe... ... Lobes of the Brain - Frontal   The frontal Lobe of the brain ... divides the temporal lobe from the Frontal and Parietal Lobes Lobes of the Brain      Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal ... divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe Fissures - deep groves, generally dividing large regions/lobes of the brain o ... Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe   The parietal lobe of the brain is located deep to the parietal bone of the skull. It ...

https://www.scribd.com/document/167602124/Gross-Anatomy-of-Human-Brain

Find frontal lobe syndrome information, treatments for frontal lobe syndrome and frontal lobe syndrome symptoms. ... MedHelps frontal lobe syndrome Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for frontal lobe syndrome. ... Posts on frontal lobe syndrome (363). I Survived the Unsurvivalable - But I was not prepared fpr what my life has become ... 2 years ago my daughter was Dxd with bifocal frontal lobe partial complex myoclonic epilep... ...

https://www.medhelp.org/tags/show/47946/frontal-lobe-syndrome

It appears to me that the left frontal lobe is being compromised (mashed down) by the lesion. Please tell me if I should be ... Forums>Neurology>Benign Hemangioma/Meningioma causing frontal lobe compression....please help doc ... but can you finish my question by telling me if it looks like my left frontal lobe is being compromised in any way by being ... The liver appears normal in size .In the periphery of the right lobe there is a 1.7cm X 1.7cm X 1.8cm uniformly hyperechic mass ...

https://www.medhelp.org/posts/Neurology/Benign-Hemangioma-Meningioma-causing-frontal-lobe-compressionplease-help-doc/show/296761

2014) suggested that frontal lobe, or a large part of it, may not be necessary for conscious perception per se. Rather frontal ... In particular, one of these studies focused on resolving the role of frontal lobe in conscious perception (Frassle et al., 2014 ... showed that behavioral reports of conscious experiences resulted in increased and more widespread activity of the frontal lobe ... Is the frontal lobe involved in conscious perception? ... the right inferior frontal lobe and right superior frontal lobe ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01063/full

At the time, there was a new hypothesis that the frontal lobes might decline with age, even outpacing the temporal lobes, the ... Yet, people with frontal lobe damage dont sweat before a bad choice. They dont sweat before a good one. In fact, they have ... But as their frontal lobe declined as they aged, it interacted with this impulsive tendency they always had. Those things ... Frontal Lobe Deficits and Financial Scams. Q&A with Natalie Denburg, Ph.D. ...

https://dana.org/article/frontal-lobe-deficits-and-financial-scams/

... processes with the frontal lobes. In fact, many investigators have used the term "frontal functions" synonymously with " ... Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review Neuropsychol Rev. 2006 Mar;16(1):17-42. doi: 10.1007/s11065- ... Results reveal mixed evidence that does not support a one-to-one relationship between executive functions and frontal lobe ... examine the validity of the executive function construct in terms of its relation to activation and damage to the frontal lobes ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16794878/?dopt=Abstract

Frontal lobe damage has been linked to "choice deficits" such as eating disorders, compulsive gambling and abnormal social ... "This study provides a key insight into the biology of our frontal lobes and the neural circuits that underlie decision-making ... Such research might eventually help to explain choice deficits associated with frontal lobe functions. ... damaging his frontal lobes. This area of the brain has also been implicated in drug abuse. ...

https://www.emaxhealth.com/24/18980.html

In two experiments, the performance of patients with frontal lobe lesions was examined on implicit and explicit tests of ... Frontal patients exhibited normal levels of conceptual priming on implicit category production and free association tests, but ... The findings of normal performance on implicit conceptual tests suggest that frontal patients do not have a basic deficit in ...

http://cognet.mit.edu/journal/10.1162/jocn.1997.9.1.105

p class=ltrs-br-ltr-br-title,,span class=bold,Moria: An Unrecognized Frontal Lobe Symptom,/span,,/p, ,p class=ltrs-br-ltr- ... p class=ltrs-br-ltr-br-body-text,In summary, this patient with moria demonstrated clear impairment in frontal lobe tests ... all of them explained by her frontal lobe impairment. She did not have (1) changes in the need for sleep over time, (2) more ... for patients with left and right frontal lobe lesions in the original study) and (2) failed to complete any of the 6 arm ...

http://www.psychiatrist.com/PCC/article/Pages/2017/v19n04/16l02089.aspx

Frontal lobe degeneration. Clinical, neuropsychological, and SPECT characteristics. B. L. Miller, J. L. Cummings, J. Villanueva ... The clinical, neuropsychological, and cerebral blood flow characteristics of eight patients with frontal lobe degeneration (FLD ... Previous studies suggest that the neuropathologic findings in patients with FLD are varied; some demonstrate frontal gliosis, ... Neuropsychological testing showed selective impairment of frontal and memory tasks with relative sparing of attention, language ...

https://n.neurology.org/content/41/9/1374?ijkey=450c31dc8ced1d916c4ac70b3741d38cbd8d672d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The frontal lobe is covered by the frontal cortex . (wikipedia.org)
The frontal cortex includes the premotor cortex , and the primary motor cortex - cortical parts of the motor cortex . (wikipedia.org)
The front part of the frontal lobe is covered by the prefrontal cortex . (wikipedia.org)
The frontal lobe contains most of the dopamine neurons in the cerebral cortex . (wikipedia.org)
The entirety of the frontal cortex is the action cortex. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, the largest part of the frontal cortex ( PFC ) is responsible for internal, purposeful mental action that we call reasoning or Prefrontal Synthesis . (wikipedia.org)
The frontal cortex is the "action" cortex, much as the posterior cortex is the "sensory" cortex. (wikipedia.org)
A wide range of more specific symptoms arise when different parts of the frontal cortex are affected. (wikipedia.org)
Some of the latest imaging research on frontal cortex areas suggests that executive functions may be more discrete than was previously thought. (wikipedia.org)
Frontal abulic syndrome Loss of initiative, creativity and curiosity Pervasive emotional apathy and blandness Akinetic mutism The frontal lobe contains the precentral gyrus and prefrontal cortex and, by some conventions, the orbitofrontal cortex. (wikipedia.org)
The left frontal operculum region of the prefrontal cortex, or Broca's area, is responsible for expressive language, i.e. language production. (wikipedia.org)
Dopamine-sensitive neurons in the cerebral cortex are found primarily in the frontal lobes. (bionity.com)
Strokes that affect the prefrontal cortex in the frontal lobes can have a detrimental impact on decision-making, according to University of Southern California neuroscientist Antonio Damasio. (livestrong.com)
Frontal Lobe - Cortical Regions   Primary Motor Cortex (Precentral Gyrus) - Cortical site with controlling movements of the body. (scribd.com)
Parietal Lobe - Cortical Regions   Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Postcentral Gyrus) - site involved with processing of tactile and proprioceptive information. (scribd.com)
Occipital Lobe - Cortical Regions   Primary Visual Cortex - this is the primary area of the brain responsible for sight, recognition of size, color, light, motion, dimensions, etc. (scribd.com)
that measured directly neural activity in the macaque lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) using extracellular electrophysiological recordings could help to narrow down the role of frontal activity in conscious perception and exclude the contribution of cognitive or motor consequences in prefrontal neural activity during visual awareness. (frontiersin.org)
The FLD patients showed diminished perfusion in orbitofrontal, dorsolateral frontal, and temporal cortex relative to controls, while the AD patients showed lower perfusion in temporal and parietal cortex than controls. (nih.gov)
The frontal lobes are anatomically represented by those areas of the cortex anterior to the central sulcus, including the main cortical areas fur the control of motor behavior. (ect.org)
The term "prefrontal cortex" is most appropriately used to designate the main cortical target projections for the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, and this area is also sometimes referred to as frontal granular cortex. (ect.org)
On the basis of primate data, Nauta and Domesick (7) suggested that the orbital frontal cortex makes connections with the amygdala and related subcortical structures and can be considered an integral part of the limbic system. (ect.org)
8) Further links from the frontal cortex are to the hypothalamus (the orbital frontal cortex alone in the neocortex projects to the hypothalamus), the hippocampus, and the retrosplenial and entorhinal cortices. (ect.org)
From the neuropsychiatric point of view, therefore, the most relevant anatomic connections would appear to be frontothalamic, frontostriatal, frontolimbic, and frontocortical, the last deriving from the extensive reciprocal connections of the frontal lobes with sensory association areas, most notably the inferior parietal lobule and the anterior temporal cortex. (ect.org)
A new study reveals, in rodents, some spinal pain begins in the frontal cortex. (neurosciencenews.com)
Aron AR, Robbins TW, Poldrack RA (2004) Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex. (springer.com)
The frontal lobe is one of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex, which also includes the temporal lobe , the parietal lobe , and the occipital lobe . (verywellhealth.com)
The study is among the first to show that specific areas of the frontal cortex are needed for different levels of abstract decision. (brown.edu)
It is among the strongest evidence to date for a systemic organization of the frontal cortex," Badre said. (brown.edu)
The frontal cortex of brain has been long known to affect the internal control of behavior. (brown.edu)
The frontal lobes are large regions at the front of the brain that extend back towards the middle of the brain, taking up approximately 1/3 to 1/2 of the cerebral cortex. (verywell.com)
The cerebral cortex is divided into several lobes, and these different lobes have different functions and receive their blood supply from different arteries. (verywellhealth.com)
Each side (hemisphere) of the cerebral cortex has a frontal lobe, a temporal lobe, a parietal lobe, and an occipital lobe. (verywellhealth.com)
Strokes affecting gray matter (cortex) of one or more lobes of the brain are described as cortical strokes . (verywellhealth.com)
The orbitofrontal cortex of the frontal lobe mediates response inhibition, impulse control, social behavior, emotional regulation and generalized arousal through limbic nuclei, the dorsal medial nuclei of the thalamus, and reticular formation. (thefreedictionary.com)
1.(145) What fraction of the whole cortex is commandeered by the dormant frontal lobes? (co-bw.com)
Here, we report for the first time, the case of a 65-year-old woman suffering from treatment-resistant depression who developed an acute frontal lobe syndrome following eight sessions of low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while also treated with sertraline and mianserin. (frontiersin.org)
We distinguish the patient's ictal symptoms with respect to autoscopic phenomena (out-of-body experience, heautoscopy, autoscopic hallucinations) and vestibular phenomena of epileptic origin, and we discuss their neural origin with respect to vestibular and multisensory cortical mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness in temporoparietal and frontal cortex. (epfl.ch)
Frontal lobe syndrome (FLS) is a clinical picture caused by damages due to reasons like prefrontal cortex cerebrovascular disease, tumor, infection or head trauma and displaying itself through distinct and permanent personality, social adaptation, and behavior changes. (scopemed.org)
Selective Partial Ablation of the Frontal Cortex: A Correlative Study of Its Effects on Human Psychotic Subjects. (annals.org)
It is expressed during development in the frontal and temporal lobes, including the frontal cortex and stratum, areas that participate in language and learning. (sciencemag.org)
Major connection of 2 hemispheres- white matter/ axons Monkeys Also connected by smaller anterior commisure Parietal Lobe Has association cortex particularly lateralized- left language, right selective attention Right half: spatial aspects. (coursehero.com)
These lobes are part of the cerebral cortex and is the largest brain structure. (simplypsychology.org)
The prefrontal cortex is primarily responsible for the 'higher' brain functions of the frontal lobes, including decision-making, problem-solving, intelligence, and emotion regulation. (simplypsychology.org)
The frontal cortex has also shown to be activated when an experience becomes conscious. (simplypsychology.org)
While many studies have examined how the hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex, retrieval network, and default network are related to memory retrieval, these studies take into account additional components of the memory retrieval tasks like reaction time and false alarm rate in order to disentangle memory retrieval itself from related components. (escholarship.org)

What causes autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy? (medscape.com)
Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is caused by mutations in the CHRNA4 , CHRNB2 , or CHRNA2 genes. (medscape.com)
The severity of autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy can be variable, can include awakening episodes, and can result in impressive dystonic effects. (medscape.com)
Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an uncommon form of epilepsy that runs in families. (medlineplus.gov)
An autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 15q24. (jax.org)
Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is a familial epilepsy with focal seizures beginning most commonly in childhood, although sporadic cases may occur. (epilepsydiagnosis.org)

Dissociation between Conceptual and Perceptual Implicit Memory: Evidence from Patients with Frontal and Occipital Lobe Lesions The latest neuroimaging studies about implicit memory (IM) have revealed that different IM types may be processed by different parts of the brain. (tripdatabase.com)
Lobes of the Brain - Occipital Lobe   The occipital lobe of the brain is located deep to the occipital bone of the skull. (scribd.com)
How dangerous cyst in right occipital lobe of brain? (healthtap.com)
How dangerous cyst in tight occipital lobe of brain? (healthtap.com)
We report an adolescent with intractable frontal and occipital lobe seizures, secondary to complications of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia as a young child. (jle.com)
Detailed electro-clinical and imaging studies showed multiple, frontal lobe seizures per day with less frequent and non-debilitating, simple, occipital lobe seizures. (jle.com)
occipital lobe the most posterior portion of each cerebral hemisphere , forming a small part of its posterolateral surface. (thefreedictionary.com)
The occipital lobe of the brain. (thefreedictionary.com)
parietal lobe the upper central portion of the gray matter of each cerebral hemisphere , between the frontal lobe and the occipital lobe and above the temporal lobe . (thefreedictionary.com)

38 patients had temporal and 36 extra-temporal lobe epilepsy. (tripdatabase.com)
Frontal lobe epilepsy can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can be mistaken for psychiatric problems or sleep disorders, such as night terrors. (mayoclinic.org)
EEGs are often helpful in diagnosing some types of epilepsy, but results can be normal in frontal lobe epilepsy. (mayoclinic.org)
Template:Infobox medical condition/Wikidata Frontal lobe epilepsy , or FLE, is a neurological disorder that is characterized by brief, recurring seizures that arise in the frontal lobes of the brain, often while the patient is sleeping. (wikipedia.org)
It is the second most common type of epilepsy after temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and is related to the temporal form by the fact that both forms are characterized by the occurrence of partial (focal) seizures. (wikipedia.org)
The symptoms and clinical manifestations of frontal lobe epilepsy can differ depending on which specific area of the frontal lobe is affected. (wikipedia.org)
There are many different causes of frontal lobe epilepsy ranging from genetics to head trauma that result in lesions in the frontal lobes. (wikipedia.org)
Although frontal lobe epilepsy is often misdiagnosed, tests such as prolonged EEG monitoring and/or a MRI scan of the frontal lobes can be administered in order to reveal the presence of a tumor or vascular malformation. (wikipedia.org)
Tonic posture and clonic movements are common symptoms among most of the areas of the frontal lobe, therefore the type of seizures associated with frontal lobe epilepsy are commonly called tonic-clonic seizures . (wikipedia.org)
I was diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy when I was about 20-ish. (medhelp.org)
Here, we report a patient with focal epilepsy of the left anterior insula who had isolated monotonous vocalisation elicited by electrical stimulation of the left superior frontal gyrus. (jle.com)
Quantitative analysis of audio signals was performed and compared with a former patient with left frontal lobe epilepsy who had pure ictal vocalisation. (jle.com)
We describe the case of a 33-year-old man with complex partial seizures characterized by the feeling of being projected outside his body, including dissociation of "mind and self from body" (disembodiment), followed by vestibular vertigo due to right frontal lobe epilepsy caused by an oligodendroglioma. (epfl.ch)
Frontal lobe epilepsy deja vu? (healthtap.com)
It occurs more commonly in temporal lobe epilepsy . (healthtap.com)
Might frontal lobe epilepsy be related to asperger's syndrome? (healthtap.com)
Is numbness in left site of body in a few seconds related to frontal lobe epilepsy? (healthtap.com)
Frontal lobe epilepsy (fle) refers to epilepsy where the seizure focus is located in the frontal lobes. (healthtap.com)
See http://www.Epilepsy.Com/epilepsy/epilepsy_frontallobe for more information. (healthtap.com)
Can I drive if frontal lobe epilepsy? (healthtap.com)
What is the definition or description of: frontal lobe epilepsy? (healthtap.com)
Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) surgery is the second most likely pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy benefitting from surgical treatment secondary to temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). (alliedacademies.org)
This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of frontal lobe epilepsy and analyze the factors associated with the prognosis of surgery. (alliedacademies.org)
27 patients confirmed with frontal lobe epilepsy by surgery from 2010 to 2014 were enrolled in this study. (alliedacademies.org)
The clinical characteristics of frontal lobe epilepsy and the epileptogenic focus position were analyzed. (alliedacademies.org)
The prognosis of frontal lobe epilepsy is overall good. (alliedacademies.org)

Drugs that help memory in Alzheimer dementia are rarely of benefit for frontal lobe deficits or problems. (medscape.com)
The Doors and People Test: The Effect of Frontal Lobe Lesions on Recall and Recognition Memory Performance Memory deficits in patients with frontal lobe lesions are most apparent on free recall tasks that require the selection, initiation, and implementation of retrieval strategies. (tripdatabase.com)
A subset of the diffuse cerebral changes and psychometric deficits found in chronic alcoholics is similar to that seen in the frontal lobe syndrome. (hindawi.com)
Frontal lobe damage has been linked to "choice deficits" such as eating disorders, compulsive gambling and abnormal social behavior. (emaxhealth.com)
Such research might eventually help to explain choice deficits associated with frontal lobe functions. (emaxhealth.com)
One of the specific behavior deficits following frontal lobe damage is attention disorder, patients showing distractibility and poor attention. (ect.org)
The research focused on frontal lobe deficiency, a condition resulting in problems with executive function that can manifest itself in memory difficulties, attention deficits and an inability to curb alcohol consumption. (promises.com)
When stroke affects the frontal lobe, symptoms can include language deficits, weakness, and/or sensory loss on the other part of the body. (verywellhealth.com)
Results of present study reflected that cognitive deficits like memory deficits, language problems, trouble in concentrating and difficulty in planning are the major consequences of traumatic frontal lobe injury. (thefreedictionary.com)

A stroke in the right frontal region can affect a person's ability to self-monitor during multitasking, says University of Exeter neuroscientist Tim Hodgson. (livestrong.com)
Hodgson and his team tested patients who had suffered a stroke to either the left or the right frontal lobe in a multitasking exercise, according to a 2007 Medical News Today report. (livestrong.com)
Hodgson points out that while people with a right frontal stroke may have fewer language difficulties than people with a left frontal stroke, they also tend to have a harder time performing everyday activities that require self-monitoring while multitasking, such as cooking. (livestrong.com)
There are also functions that are predominantly controlled by the left frontal lobe or the right frontal lobe . (verywellhealth.com)
We have a left frontal lobe and a right frontal lobe. (verywell.com)
Usually, a frontal lobe stroke involves only the left frontal lobe or the right frontal lobe because each side receives blood from arteries on its own side. (verywell.com)
The Purdue Pegboard right-hand scores were higher with increasing NAA/Cr in the left frontal white matter ( P = .047), and Stanford-Binet-IV "Bead Memory" scores improved with increasing NAA/Cr ratio in the right frontal white matter ( P = .032). (ajnr.org)
We further hypothesized hemispheric specificity within these relationships, such that verbal working memory would be associated with left frontal NAA, whereas visuospatial working memory would correlate with right frontal NAA levels. (ajnr.org)
Similarly, we hypothesized that right motor speed would correlate with left frontal NAA, whereas left motor speed would correlate with right frontal NAA levels. (ajnr.org)
Spect scan showed moderate-severe decreased areas in both temporal/parietal lobes &right frontal lobe. (healthtap.com)
His brain tomography revealed fractures in right orbital floor and anterior skull base, subarachnoid hemorrhage, right frontal contusion, left frontal epidural hematoma and pneumocephalus. (scopemed.org)

Defective memory for sources of facts they had learned has also been observed in patients with frontal lesions or frontal dysfunction. (encyclopedia.com)
Further investigation A range of neuropsychological tests are available for clarifying the nature and extent of frontal lobe dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation of emotions and frontal-lobe dysfunction. (eventbrite.com)
The researchers noted that many high-functioning alcoholics exhibit both frontal executive dysfunction yet seem to have no major cognitive issues. (promises.com)
The individual with frontal executive dysfunction may also struggle to make urgent decisions. (promises.com)
Much of the frontal lobe complaints she describes are typically thought of as more pure cognitive than frontal lobe dysfunction, but the frontal lobes play a huge role in all cognitive tasks and frontal lobe complaints. (tbilaw.com)
Frontal lobe dysfunction in patients with chronic migraine: A clinical-neuropsychological study. (umn.edu)
10 - 12 Understanding the relationship between neuropsychological function and frontal lobe neurochemistry in healthy children may help in the assessment of behavioral manifestations of neuronal dysfunction or impairment associated with pathologic levels of brain neurochemicals. (ajnr.org)
The grainy, low resolution black and white images of single photon emission tomography in the mid-1980s were a revelation: they provided independent support for our inferences of a distinction between 'frontal' as opposed to 'posterior hemisphere' profiles of cognitive dysfunction. (bmj.com)
Principles of Frontal Lobe Function will naturally be of particular interest to researchers and clinicians actively investigating how the frontal lobes operate and to understand dysfunction as a means to design treatment. (oup.com)
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying such an unexpected acute frontal lobe dysfunction are discussed in relation to the therapeutic use of LF-rTMS in combination with pharmacotherapy in depressed patients. (frontiersin.org)
Herein, we report the first case of acute frontal lobe dysfunction induced by a concurrent administration of LF-rTMS and antidepressant treatment in a TRD patient. (frontiersin.org)
We further discuss the pathophysiological hypothesis of such acute frontal lobe dysfunction, and the specificity of the delivery of rTMS concurrently with the administration of psychotropic medication. (frontiersin.org)
Ocular fixation and saccades in motor neurone disease: markers of frontal lobe dysfunction? (qub.ac.uk)

The seizures associated with ADNFLE begin in areas of the brain called the frontal lobes . (medlineplus.gov)
It is unclear why mutations in the CHRNA2 , CHRNA4 , and CHRNB2 genes cause seizures in the frontal lobes rather than elsewhere in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
It's also possible that some seizure effects found in the frontal lobe might be the result of seizures that begin in other parts of the brain. (mayoclinic.org)
Brain imaging, usually MRI, might reveal the source of frontal lobe seizures. (mayoclinic.org)
Over the past decade, treatment options have increased for frontal lobe seizures. (mayoclinic.org)
All anti-seizure drugs seem to work equally well at controlling frontal lobe seizures, but not everyone becomes seizure-free on medication. (mayoclinic.org)
If you have surgery for your frontal lobe seizures, you're likely to continue to need anti-seizure medication after the surgery, although possibly at a lower dose. (mayoclinic.org)
Partial seizures occurring in the frontal lobes can occur in one of two different forms: either simple partial seizures (that do not affect awareness or memory) or complex partial seizures (that affect awareness or memory either before, during or after a seizure). (wikipedia.org)
Due to the lack of knowledge surrounding the functions associated with the frontal lobes, seizures occurring in these regions of the brain may produce unusual symptoms which can often be misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disorder , non-epileptic seizure or a sleep disorder. (wikipedia.org)
However, these postictal states are often undetectable and generally do not last as long as the periods of confusion following seizures that occur in the temporal lobes. (wikipedia.org)
[3] Medications such as anti-epileptic drugs can typically control the onset of seizures, however, if medications are ineffective the patient may undergo surgery to have focal areas of the frontal lobe removed. (wikipedia.org)
Due to the massive amount of diversity in both the cognitive and motor functions that occur within the frontal lobes, there is an immense variety in the types of symptoms that can arise from epileptic seizures based on the side and topography of the focal origin. (wikipedia.org)
Frontal lobe partial seizures and psychog. (mendeley.com)
Frontal lobe partial seizures and psychogenic seizures: comparison of clinical and ictal characteristics. (mendeley.com)
Of all partial seizures, those of frontal lobe origin (FLPS) are most bizarre and are often mistaken for psychogenic seizures (PS). (mendeley.com)
Some stroke survivors who experience frontal lobe strokes may develop post-stroke seizures. (verywellhealth.com)
Where is the posterior frontal lobe located and can it cause my nocturnal seizures. (healthtap.com)
Seizures are from the frontal lobe and often involve wild movements of the arms and legs. (healthtap.com)
Focal resection of the frontal CCM abolished the socially-disabling seizures with resultant marked improvement in the patient's quality of life at 12 months. (jle.com)
Brief nocturnal frontal seizures with hypermotor, tonic or dystonic motor features are seen. (epilepsydiagnosis.org)

Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. (fpnotebook.com)
The part of the brain located anterior to the parietal lobes at the front of each cerebral hemisphere. (fpnotebook.com)
Frontal lobe (red) of left cerebral hemisphere. (wikipedia.org)
Cognitive maturity associated with adulthood is marked by related maturation of cerebral fibers in the frontal lobes between late teenager years and early adult years. (bionity.com)
The clinical, neuropsychological, and cerebral blood flow characteristics of eight patients with frontal lobe degeneration (FLD) were studied. (neurology.org)
A new SPECT imaging study reveals those with treatment resistant depression have lower cerebral blood flow within the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. (neurosciencenews.com)
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were complicated by bilateral, posterior leukoencephalopathy and later an acquired frontal cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM). (jle.com)
frontal lobe the anterior portion of the gray matter of each cerebral hemisphere . (thefreedictionary.com)
temporal lobe a long tongue-shaped process that is the lower lateral portion of each cerebral hemisphere . (thefreedictionary.com)

The effect of frontal lesions on recognition memory performance is less clear with some studies reporting recognition memory impairments but others not. (tripdatabase.com)
Memory loss following frontal-lobe lesions, on the other hand, involves organizational or strategic aspects of memory that are necessary for devising strategies for encoding, for guiding search at retrieval, for monitoring and verifying memory output, for placing retrieved memories in their proper spatial and temporal contexts, and for using mnemonic information to direct thought and plan future actions. (encyclopedia.com)
As expected, memory for spatiotemporal context, but not for targets, is impaired after frontal lesions, whereas the reverse is true after hippocampal or midline diencephalic lesions. (encyclopedia.com)
In two experiments, the performance of patients with frontal lobe lesions was examined on implicit and explicit tests of conceptual memory for organized lists of words. (mit.edu)
Although personality and behavior disorders have been described following frontal lobe lesions since the mid part of the last century, it is remarkable how frontal lobe pathologic conditions often go unnoticed clinically, and indeed how the relevance of frontal lobe syndromes in man to an understanding of brain-behavior relationships has been neglected. (ect.org)
This is in spite of the pertinent observations of Jacobsen (2) on the effects of frontal lobe lesions in primates, the careful reports of the consequences of head injuries in the World War II, (3) and of patients examined following prefrontal leukotomies, (4) all of which studies lead to the delineation of specific defects in behavior associated with lesions in this part of the brain. (ect.org)
The 2 x 8 Fisher Exact Test revealed significant differences for the clusters of syndromes occurring in the right and left isolated temporal lobe lesions (p = 0.00002). (biomedsearch.com)
In the present study, we examined working memory in patients with unilateral frontal lobe lesions by using a modified version of an item recognition task in which interference from previous trials was manipulated. (villanova.edu)
We found that frontal damage impaired action decisions at a level of abstraction that was dependent on lesion location (rostral lesions affected more abstract tasks, whereas caudal lesions affected more concrete tasks), in addition to impairing tasks requiring more, but not less, abstract action control. (dericbownds.net)

Research by Arthur Toga, UCLA, found increased myelin in the frontal lobe white matter of young adults compared to that of teens, whereas gray matter in parietal and temporal lobes was more fully matured by teen years. (bionity.com)

Damage to the frontal lobes can produce memory impairment and sometimes even severe memory loss, but it has proved difficult to specify the nature of the disorder. (encyclopedia.com)
Memory impairment is another common effect associated with frontal lobe injuries, but this effect is less documented and may or may not be the result of flawed testing. (wikipedia.org)
Frontal lobe disorder, also frontal lobe syndrome, is an impairment of the frontal lobe that occurs due to disease or frontal lobe injury. (wikipedia.org)
Frontal lobe impairment can be detected by recognition of typical signs and symptoms, use of simple screening tests, and specialist neurological testing. (wikipedia.org)
Frontal lobe impairment is also a feature of Alzheimer's disease, and frontotemporal dementia. (wikipedia.org)
Continuum of frontal lobe impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (nih.gov)
Neuropsychological testing showed selective impairment of frontal and memory tasks with relative sparing of attention, language, and visuospatial skills. (neurology.org)
Constellation of symptoms associated with damage to the frontal lobe of the brain that includes impairment of planning function, lack of inhibition, hypomania, depression, apathy, and neglect of personal appearance. (thefreedictionary.com)
However, this same individual may struggle to control their drug or alcohol consumption due to frontal impairment. (promises.com)
Each of these regions carries out specific functions, and damage to any of these lobes results in corresponding impairment. (verywellhealth.com)
Damage to the frontal lobe causes general disturbance of thinking, impairment of initiative and spontaneity, loss of strength of personality, and, if the rear part of the lobe is affected, paralysis. (thefreedictionary.com)

The FLD patients also showed hypoperfusion in both frontal cortical regions relative to AD patients. (nih.gov)
The different types of cortical strokes have very different effects on physical function and behavior because the different lobes of the brain each have unique functions. (verywellhealth.com)
We retrospectively analyzed the 49 cortical and the 33 axonal sites of functional language mapping performed in 17 patients operated for a left frontal lobe glioma under awake conditions. (springer.com)
The cortical distribution of lexico-semantic responses appeared to be located anteriorly (pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus and posterior end of the middle and superior frontal gyrus) compared to motor-speech responses (lower end of the precentral gyrus and pars opercularis). (springer.com)
The presence of left frontal sub-cortical hyperintensity could be due to many reasons ( cyst , demyelination , infarcts and may even be a normal presentation). (healthcaremagic.com)

Frontal-subcortical circuitry and behavior. (medscape.com)
Damage to the frontal lobe can cause increased irritability, which may include a change in mood and an inability to regulate behavior. (wikipedia.org)
The increase of risk taking amongst damaged frontal lobe patients can be directly observed during gambling, and gambling tasks have been developed to measure such behavior. (wikipedia.org)
Behavioral Utilization behavior Perseveration behavior Social inhibition Compulsive eating Language signs Aphasia Expressive aphasia The causes of frontal lobe disorders can be closed head injury. (wikipedia.org)
For example, in the first documented case of brain injury impacting behavior, the infamous railroad construction foreman Phineas Gage became unsociable after a tamping iron passed through his skull in 1848, damaging his frontal lobes. (emaxhealth.com)
The frontal lobe plays a substantial role in decision making, self-control, and emotional regulation, providing the ability to behave appropriately in interpersonal situations and to regulate behavior in a socially acceptable manner. (verywellhealth.com)
The frontal lobes are involved with movement of the opposite side of the body, speech production, regulating behavior, maintaining appropriate social inhibitions, and memory and thinking skills. (verywell.com)
If focus is in the frontal lobes, may cause strange behavior and special type of initial " aura " that can be very difficult to identify as seizure activity. (healthtap.com)
Home → Cat Behavior → anxiety → Cat's small frontal lobes have something to do with high levels of OCD? (pictures-of-cats.org)
The results support a model of human frontal function that integrates reasoning, learning, and creative abilities in the service of decision-making and adaptive behavior. (inserm.fr)
The frontal lobes are believed to be our behavior and emotional control centres, meaning that this area is activated when needing to control our behaviors to be socially appropriate and with controlling our emotional responses, especially in social situations. (simplypsychology.org)

Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin Mind-Body Training Changes Resting-State Low-Frequency Fluctuations in the Frontal Lobe of Older Adults: A Resting-State fMRI Study Age-related cognitive decline is a significant public health concern. (tripdatabase.com)
In humans, the frontal lobe reaches full maturity around the late 20s, [3] marking the cognitive maturity associated with adulthood. (wikipedia.org)
It's an institution known for studying the frontal lobe using the Iowa Gambling Task, a cognitive test that simulates real-life decision-making. (dana.org)
Manual volumetric measurement of the brain's frontal lobe and its subregions from magnetic resonance images (MRIs) is an established method for researching neural correlates of clinical disorders or cognitive functions. (springer.com)
Baaré WF, Hulshoff PHE, Hijman R, Mali WP, Viergever MA, Kahn RS (1999) Volumetric analysis of frontal lobe regions in schizophrenia: relation to cognitive function and symptomatology. (springer.com)
The cognitive changes after a frontal lobe stroke may be subtle. (verywell.com)
AIM: Isolated right and left temporal lobe stroke patients were analyzed for the panoply of known temporal and frontal cognitive and neuropsychiatric syndromes. (biomedsearch.com)
METHODS: Temporal lobe stroke patients were analyzed, derived from a dedicated cognitive stroke registry. (biomedsearch.com)
Patients were screened by a validated bedside cognitive battery and a neuropsychological test battery, including the Bear Fedio Inventory for diagnosis of the Geschwind Gastaut (GG) syndrome, frontal network syndrome testing (FNS), emotional intelligence testing and delusional misidentification syndromes (DMIS). (biomedsearch.com)
Because the frontal lobes are involved in so many functions the symptoms of fle can be very varied and can include motor, emotional and cognitive symptoms. (healthtap.com)
find that there is a hierarchical organization of cognitive control, with rostral (towards top of head) areas of the frontal lobes being required for decisions about more abstract actions and lower caudal areas (towards spinal column or tail) being required for decisions about more concrete actions. (dericbownds.net)
The frontal lobes are necessary for cognitive control at all levels of abstraction. (dericbownds.net)
The frontal lobe's main functions are associated typically with 'higher' cognitive functions, including decision-making, problem-solving, thought and attention. (simplypsychology.org)

[5] Fear is associated with temporal and frontal lobe epilepsies, but in FLE the fear is predominantly expressed on the person's face whereas in TLE the fear is subjective and internal, not perceptible to the observer. (wikipedia.org)
Their increasing significance and clinical relevance is noted by the recent publication of several monographs on frontal lobe syndromes (5,6) and the growing literature on various frontal lobe disorders, for example, frontal lobe dementias and frontal lobe epilepsies. (ect.org)
Pure ictal non-speech vocalisation occurs in frontal and temporal lobe epilepsies. (jle.com)

The second edition of Principles of Frontal Lobe Function is a newly organized, and thoroughly updated, volume divided into 9 different sections, each co-edited by leaders in the specific domain of frontal lobe research. (oup.com)

Frontal lobe syndrome can be caused by a range of conditions including head trauma, tumours, neurodegenerative diseases, neurosurgery and cerebrovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
medical citation needed] The signs and symptoms of frontal lobe disorder can be indicated by dysexecutive syndrome which consists of a number of symptoms which tend to occur together. (wikipedia.org)
Tumours such as meningiomas may present with a frontal lobe syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
The pathogenesis of frontal lobe disorders entails various pathologies, some are as follows: Foster Kennedy syndrome - It is caused due to tumor of frontal lobe and gives rise to ipsilateral optic atrophy and contralateral papilledema. (wikipedia.org)
Frontal disinhibition syndrome, Rett syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder It is produced from frontal lobe damage often due to tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Antisocial behaviour is a characteristic feature of frontal disinhibition syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
The first question was whether patients submitted to brain artery aneurysm surgery experienced organic personality changes, especially in terms of frontal lobe syndrome , and what was the course of these changes with regard to the time elapsed from surgery. (thefreedictionary.com)
1%) had no symptoms of frontal lobe syndrome in the first testing period, ten (13. (thefreedictionary.com)
Frontal lobe syndrome reassessed: comparison of patients with lateral or medial frontal brain Damage. (thefreedictionary.com)
That detection led to the diagnosis of frontal lobe syndrome , Olson said. (thefreedictionary.com)
Isolated right temporal lobe stroke patients present with Geschwind Gastaut syndrome, frontal network syndrome and delusional misidentification syndromes. (biomedsearch.com)
BACKGROUND: Right temporal lobe lesion syndrome elicitation presents a clinical challenge. (biomedsearch.com)
RESULTS: Of 2389 patients analyzed, in patients with isolated right temporal lobe (IRT) stroke (n = 5, infarcts n = 3, hemorrhage n = 2), the GG syndrome and FNS were present in all five. (biomedsearch.com)
CONCLUSION: The GG syndrome, FNS and DMIS are prominent syndrome constellations in stroke patients involving the right temporal lobe and constitute the neurological deficit without heralding long tract signs. (biomedsearch.com)
This article regarding Frontal lobe metastases cause Phinaes Gage syndrome is very interesting and useful, the frontal lobes health issue can affect your sexual activity, and this not only happen to older people as I used to believed, young people can also be affected so you may need to use generic viagra to help yourself on those situations. (blogspot.com)
We present a 96-year-old-man with acute-onset hemichorea and frontal lobe syndrome with no vascular pathology in the basal ganglia or frontal region. (bmj.com)

Frontal lobes, clinical and anatomic aspects. (medscape.com)
Frontal Lobe Tuberculoma: A Clinical and Imaging Challenge Pediatric nervous system tuberculomas are usually infra-tentorial and multiple. (tripdatabase.com)
The diagnosis of frontal lobe disorder can be divided into the following three categories: Clinical history Frontal lobe disorders may be recognized through a sudden and dramatic change in a person's personality, for example with loss of social awareness, disinhibition, emotional instability, irritability or impulsiveness. (wikipedia.org)
Frontal lobe syndromes may present with different clinical pictures varying according to the affected part of the lobe. (thefreedictionary.com)
The clinical picture and pathological findings resembled those of dementia of frontal-lobe type and were distinct from those of Alzheimer's disease. (bmj.com)
Our clinical observations, described in JNNP in 1990, 2 raised an even more drastic challenge to prevailing opinion: some of our patients with 'frontal-type' dementia showed signs of motor neuron disease (MND). (bmj.com)

Frontal lob sendromu (FLS) ki ilik, sosyal uyum ve davran ta belirgin ve kal c de i ikliklerle kendini g steren, zellikle prefrontal korteksin serebrovask ler hastal k, t m r, enfeksiyon veya kafa travmas gibi nedenlerle hasarlanmas sonucu ortaya kan klinik bir tablodur. (scopemed.org)

The frontal lobe of the human brain is both relatively large in mass and less restricted in movement than the posterior portion of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Radiologist report says bilateral gliosis posterior frontal lobe. (healthtap.com)
Moreover, disconnectome maps evidenced a clear distinction between the two subsystems: posterior fronto-striatal and frontal aslant tracts, corpus callosum and cortico-spinal tract were related to the motor-speech sites, whereas anterior frontal aslant tract, inferior-fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) and anterior thalamic radiations were related to the lexico-semantic sites. (springer.com)

The dorsolateral part of the frontal lobe is concerned with planning, strategy formation, and other executive functions. (wikipedia.org)
For the frontal lobe and each subregion (frontal pole, anterior cingulate, dorsolateral, inferior-lateral, and orbitofrontal) we identified reproducible methods for a biologically plausible target ROI. (springer.com)
The frontal activations occurred mainly in the dorsolateral region, but extended into the ventrolateral and, to a lesser extent, the frontal polar regions. (sinapse.ac.uk)

He had no signs of primary pulmonary tuberculosis and a diagnosis of frontal tuberculoma was made upon a post-operative biopsy. (tripdatabase.com)
Frontal sinusitis, tension headaches and migraines are some of the most common causes of headaches affecting the frontal lobe area, as listed by Right Diagnosis. (reference.com)
Pathological diagnosis significantly affected the frontal but not temporal lobe myelin attenuation: myelin density was most reduced in VaD compared to AD and DLB, which still significantly exhibited lower myelin density compared to ageing controls. (springer.com)

Hama S, Yamashita H, Shigenobu M, Watanabe A, Kurisu K, Yamawaki S. Post-stroke affective or apathetic depression and lesion location: left frontal lobe and bilateral basal ganglia. (medscape.com)
It appears to me that the left frontal lobe is being compromised (mashed down) by the lesion. (medhelp.org)
The current review provides a critical analysis of lesion and neuroimaging studies using three popular executive function measures (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Phonemic Verbal Fluency, and Stroop Color Word Interference Test) in order to examine the validity of the executive function construct in terms of its relation to activation and damage to the frontal lobes. (nih.gov)
behavioral and personality changes usually observed after a neoplastic or traumatic frontal lobe lesion. (thefreedictionary.com)
Lesion location was mid and lateral temporal lobe (n = 2), middle and mesial temporal lobe (n = 1) middle temporal lobe (n = 1) and lateral temporal lobe (n = 1). (biomedsearch.com)

At the time, there was a new hypothesis that the frontal lobes might decline with age, even outpacing the temporal lobes, the part of the brain involved with memory. (dana.org)
Recent neuroimaging data have motivated the hypothesis that the frontal lobes are organized hierarchically, such that control is supported in progressively caudal regions as decisions are made at more concrete levels of action. (dericbownds.net)

In testing the behavioral effects of a frontal lobe injury, many of the tests are still very simple and do not involve greatly advanced technology. (wikipedia.org)
showed that behavioral reports of conscious experiences resulted in increased and more widespread activity of the frontal lobe compared to a condition without behavioral reports, where spontaneous transitions in the content of consciousness were estimated through the objective measures like optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and pupil dilation. (frontiersin.org)
Damage to the frontal lobe of the brain causes a range of symptoms, including motor weakness and behavioral problems. (verywellhealth.com)
Sometimes, behavioral changes may develop after a frontal lobe stroke. (verywell.com)
A frontal lobe stroke produces a number of effects, which may include weakness of one side of the body, behavioral changes, memory problems and trouble with self-care. (verywellhealth.com)
The model reveals that for driving action, the human frontal function monitors up to three/four concurrent behavioral strategies and infers online their ability to predict action outcomes: whenever one appears more reliable than unreliable, this strategy is chosen to guide the selection and learning of actions that maximize rewards. (inserm.fr)

The most anterior rounded part of the frontal lobe (though not well-defined) is known as the frontal pole, one of the three poles of the cerebrum . (wikipedia.org)
Because of its location in the anterior part of the head, the frontal lobe is arguably more susceptible to injuries. (wikipedia.org)
The anterior cingulate gyrus can be considered part of the medial frontal lobe. (ect.org)

The goal was to determine the relationship between neuropsychological measures of frontal lobe function and levels of a surrogate neuronal marker, N -acetylaspartate (NAA), in typically developing healthy children and adolescents. (ajnr.org)
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between the proposed neuropsychological measures of frontal lobe function and NAA levels in healthy children and adolescents by using high-resolution 1 H-MR spectroscopic imaging. (ajnr.org)

The part of the brain (telencephalon) in front of the central sulcus not including the basal ganglia and the cingulate lobe. (dtu.dk)
subacute infarcts, bilateral frontal lobes, small vessel ischematic changes inthe basal ganglia, periventricular white matter? (healthtap.com)

Three horizontally arranged subsections of the frontal gyrus are the superior frontal gyrus , the middle frontal gyrus , and the inferior frontal gyrus . (wikipedia.org)
Lateral part: lateral part of the superior frontal gyrus , middle frontal gyrus , inferior frontal gyrus . (wikipedia.org)
Medial part: Medial part of the superior frontal gyrus , cingulate gyrus . (wikipedia.org)
A) Spectrogram of Patient 1 showing the electrical stimulation-induced vocalisation of the left superior frontal gyrus. (jle.com)

Benign Hemangioma/Meningioma causing frontal lobe compression. (medhelp.org)
Case summary A 10-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was referred for surgical treatment of a left-sided frontal lobe meningioma diagnosed by CT. (bioone.org)
After definition of the anatomical landmarks of the feline skull, a bilateral transfrontal craniotomy allowed en bloc removal of the meningioma. (bioone.org)
In 1930 Dandy removed 116 grams of brain tissue from both frontal lobes in the course of removing a parasagittal meningioma. (annals.org)

Symptoms of damage to the frontal lobe can vary because there are so many functions carried out by the frontal lobes. (verywellhealth.com)
A frontal lobe stroke can cause a variety of symptoms and long-term effects which range from weakness to lack of motivation. (verywell.com)
A frontal lobe stroke can produce a variety of symptoms, some of which are clearly related to a stroke (weakness) and some of which can be confused with depression or dementia. (verywell.com)
Becoming familiar with these symptoms can help you accept some of the changes that people go through after a frontal lobe stroke. (verywellhealth.com)
Symptoms of right lacunar infarct of frontal-temporal lobe of brain? (healthtap.com)

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] - A new study of stroke victims has produced evidence that the frontal lobe of the human brain controls decision-making along a continuum from abstract to concrete, from front to back. (brown.edu)
The scientific data supports preexisting theories that abstract decisions about action take place in the front of the frontal lobe, the back portion controls the capacity for concrete decisions, and the progression from front to back forms a gradient from abstract to concrete. (brown.edu)
Deric's MindBlog: Sites for abstract versus concrete actions in frontal lobes. (dericbownds.net)

We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE for studies in English reporting three-dimensional boundaries for manually delineating the brain's frontal lobe or sub-regional ROIs from MRIs. (springer.com)
The brain's frontal lobe is relatively large and it controls many important functions in everyday life. (verywell.com)

Damage to the frontal lobe is most commonly caused by degenerative (worsening) disease or a stroke, and there are other, less common conditions that affect the frontal lobes as well. (verywellhealth.com)

As J. Leon Morales-Quezada, a research associate in the Neuromodulation Laboratory at Harvard Medical School explains, the frontal lobes are the part of the brain that separate humans from others in the animal kingdom. (promises.com)
It is believed that humans' large frontal lobes are responsible for advanced thinking and innovation, as well as the ability to imagine situations. (verywellhealth.com)
Frontal and parietal lobe activation during transitive inference in humans. (semanticscholar.org)
article{Acuna2002FrontalAP, title={Frontal and parietal lobe activation during transitive inference in humans. (semanticscholar.org)
This region is located in the dominant hemisphere of the frontal lobes, which is the left side for around 97% of humans. (simplypsychology.org)

He was found to have bilateral frontal lobe tumors causing significant edema. (blogspot.com)
Functional brain mapping during awake surgery procedures is the gold standard technique in the management of left frontal lobe tumors. (springer.com)

What are the causes of frontal lobe headaches? (reference.com)

Other features of frontal lobe syndromes include reduced activity, particularly a diminution of spontaneous activity, lack of drive, inability to plan ahead, and lack of concern. (ect.org)
Comparison with isolated left temporal lobe (ILT) stroke revealed syndromes of aphasia (n = 4), alexia (n = 2), acalculia (n = 2), agnosia (n = 2), verbal amnesia (n = 1), none of which occurred in the IRT patients. (biomedsearch.com)

The disparity occurs because it is not the memory system itself that is affected, but the functions of the frontal lobe that facilitate working memory. (wikipedia.org)

Performance on the Frontal Assessment Battery is sensitive to frontal lobe damage in stroke patients. (medscape.com)
Cerebrovascular disease may cause a stroke in the frontal lobe. (wikipedia.org)
A variety of conditions can damage the frontal lobe, including stroke , head trauma, and dementia. (verywellhealth.com)
Badre and his collaborators at Berkeley came to their conclusion by studying stroke victims who suffered damage to different parts of the frontal lobe. (brown.edu)
What is a Frontal Lobe Stroke? (verywell.com)
A frontal lobe stroke can be large or small, depending on whether interruption of blood flow occurs in one of the large blood vessels or in a small branch of a blood vessel. (verywell.com)
A frontal lobe stroke can be ischemic (caused by a blocked blood vessel) or hemorrhagic . (verywell.com)
Because the frontal lobes are substantial in size, specific regions of the frontal lobe may be damaged by a stroke, while other regions are spared. (verywell.com)
There are four main categories of problems that can occur after a frontal lobe stroke. (verywell.com)
Someone who has had a frontal lobe stroke may experience any combination of these effects. (verywell.com)
Weakness or paralysis is the most dramatic and noticeable effect of a frontal lobe stroke. (verywell.com)
A dominant frontal lobe stroke affects a stroke survivor's ability to produce fluent speech and can result in a choppy speech pattern, sometimes with normal comprehension of language. (verywell.com)
It can be very difficult for caregivers, family members, and stroke survivors to manage the effects of a frontal lobe stroke. (verywellhealth.com)
A temporal lobe stroke can produce trouble with communication, which is called aphasia . (verywellhealth.com)
Therefore, a temporal lobe stroke is more likely to produce aphasia if it occurs on the dominant side of the brain. (verywellhealth.com)
The specific type of aphasia caused by a temporal lobe stroke is called Wernicke's aphasia (receptive aphasia), in which patient is able to speak but their speech lacks meaning. (verywellhealth.com)
A parietal lobe stroke may cause a loss of sensation affecting one side of the face, arm or leg. (verywellhealth.com)
A parietal lobe stroke on the dominant side of the brain can also cause Wernicke's aphasia, due to the fact that the affected area is located in the part of the brain where the temporal and parietal lobes meet. (verywellhealth.com)
A parietal lobe stroke produces a number of vision changes, causes trouble with spatial perception, and results in problems with motor tasks. (verywellhealth.com)

One can best appreciate the contribution of the frontal lobes to memory by comparing the effects of frontal damage on various memory tests with effects of damage to the hippocampus and midline thalamic nuclei. (encyclopedia.com)
Holdings: Effects of frontal lobe damage on interference effects in working memory. (villanova.edu)

A widely reported case of frontal lobe injury was that of Phineas Gage, a railroad worker whose left frontal lobe was damaged by a large iron rod in 1848 (though Gage's subsequent personality changes are almost always grossly exaggerated). (wikipedia.org)
Orbital surface of left frontal lobe. (bionity.com)
The left inferior frontal gyrus is one of the most important brain regions for creative language performance. (livestrong.com)
When the entire left inferior frontal gyrus is wiped out, the corresponding right brain area takes over. (livestrong.com)
Located on left frontal lobe. (scribd.com)
There are some differences between the right and left frontal lobes. (verywellhealth.com)
Minor Musocal thickening within the left frontal sinus, the ethmoid air cells and right maxillary atrium found in MRI scan, have bad frontal headaches? (healthtap.com)
A) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) demonstrates a clear U-fibre density reduction in the left frontal area, illustrated by high signal in the colour scale. (jle.com)
Recent neuroimaging studies have isolated a region of the left inferior frontal gyrus that appears to be related specifically to one such component: resolving interference from previous items in working memory. (villanova.edu)
We propose that the left inferior frontal gyrus subserves a general, nonmnemonic function of selecting relevant information in the face of competing alternatives and that this function may be required by some working memory tasks. (villanova.edu)
Nevertheless, a unified picture of the language subsystems encountered during left frontal lobe mapping is still lacking. (springer.com)
When comparing episodic with semantic retrieval, the well-trained subjects showed significant left medial temporal lobe activation, which was also significantly greater than that shown by the poorly trained subjects, who failed to show significant medial temporal lobe activation. (sinapse.ac.uk)
How Boost Pressure In Your Frontal Left Lobe Of The Brain can Save You Time, Stress, and Money. (kronoslaboratory.com)
caudate lobe a small lobe of the liver between the inferior vena cava on the right and the left lobe. (thefreedictionary.com)
hepatic lobe one of the lobes of the liver, designated the right and left and the caudate and quadrate. (thefreedictionary.com)
What does solitary tiny focus of subcortical hyperintensity within the left frontal lobe mean? (healthcaremagic.com)
It says there is a solitary tiny focus of subcortical hyperintensity within the left frontal lobe . (healthcaremagic.com)
Alike to most lobes in the brain, there are two frontal lobes, located in the left and right hemispheres. (simplypsychology.org)
Each lobe controls the operations on opposite sides of the body: the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and vice versa. (simplypsychology.org)
It is believed the left frontal lobe is the most dominant lobe and works predominantly with language, logical thinking, and analytical reasoning. (simplypsychology.org)

The results indicated that the priming of conceptual IM and EM tasks in patients with frontal lobe injury was poorer than that observed in HC, while perceptual IM was identical between the two groups. (tripdatabase.com)
and recognition within the same group of frontal patients, assessing only recall or recognition memory performance. (tripdatabase.com)
Recall of categorized lists or of logical stories, however, is impaired in frontal patients, presumably because they cannot take advantage of the organizational structure inherent in that material (Incissa della Rochetta, 1986). (encyclopedia.com)
Patients with damaged frontal lobes often complain of minimal to substantial memory loss. (wikipedia.org)
Patients with damaged frontal lobes show lower working memory and, therefore, a lessened ability to retrieve information from their secondary memory. (wikipedia.org)
Then there are the poor performing older adults, who look like modern-day Phineas Gages , or patients who have brain damage in their frontal lobes. (dana.org)
Frontal patients exhibited normal levels of conceptual priming on implicit category production and free association tests, but they exhibited impaired memory performance on explicit category- and associate-cued recall tests. (mit.edu)
The findings of normal performance on implicit conceptual tests suggest that frontal patients do not have a basic deficit in semantic processing of individual items. (mit.edu)
These five patients, who were felt to have a frontal lobe dementia (FLD), showed SPECT perfusion patterns which differed from the remaining 25 patients, who were diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease (AD), and from 16 healthy control subjects. (nih.gov)
The thinking of patients with frontal lobe injury tends to be concrete, and they may show perseveration and stereotypy of their responses. (ect.org)
Benson (10) also discusses the "verbal dysdecorum" of some frontal lobe patients. (ect.org)
Researchers report activity in the frontal lobe changes 2 seconds before patients report an alteration in perception, and activity in the medial temporal lobe changes one second prior to them reporting. (neurosciencenews.com)
Partial frontal lobectomy was formerly performed by some psychosurgeons to reduce drive in extremely disturbed psychotic patients, but the results were highly questionable. (thefreedictionary.com)
Pathological examination of the brains of two patients revealed frontal-lobe atrophy, with mild gliosis and spongiform change. (bmj.com)
FTD can also be seen during the course of Alzheimer's disease (particularly in a subset of patients with a frontal variant) and in patients with Lewy body dementia . (verywellhealth.com)
and the subnetwork right intra-hemispheric CPL for the frontal lobe (LIntra-F) was significantly longer in patients than in controls. (thefreedictionary.com)
We measured baseline working memory performance and interference effects in R.C. and other frontal patients and in age-matched control subjects and young control subjects. (villanova.edu)
Patients with frontal damage exhibited further declines in working memory but normal interference effects, with the exception of R.C., who exhibited a pronounced interference effect on both response time and accuracy. (villanova.edu)

Specifically, the BOLD activity related to rivalry in their experiment is still present in the right inferior frontal lobe and right superior frontal lobe ( Zaretskaya and Narinyan, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)

In contrast, the poorly trained subjects showed significant bilateral frontal lobe activation, which was significantly greater than that shown by the well-trained subjects who failed to show significant frontal lobe activation. (sinapse.ac.uk)
It is argued that whereas the medial temporal lobe activation increased as the proportion of response words successfully recalled increased, the bilateral frontal lobe activation increased in proportion to retrieval effort, which was greater when learning had been less good. (sinapse.ac.uk)

The frontal lobe modifies those emotions to generally fit socially acceptable norms. (wikipedia.org)
These are often memories with associated emotions, derived from input from the brain's limbic system, and modified by the higher frontal lobe centers to generally fit socially acceptable norms (see executive functions above). (bionity.com)

Table 4 Comparison of volume of the whole brain, each brain lobe, and frontal lobe between the higher and lower MI groups. (nature.com)

Neurologic models of frontal lobe structure and function highlight 5 frontal-subcortical circuits, 1 , 2 of which 2 are related to motor function and the other 3 are crucial in executive control. (ajnr.org)
These circuits link specific regions of the frontal lobes to subcortical structures and supply technique-specific mechanisms for interaction with the environment. (ajnr.org)

A headache can cause pain anywhere in the head, but a frontal lobe headache tends to cause pain in areas such as the forehead and temples. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The swelling of the sinuses can result in a frontal headache and tenderness around the forehead, cheeks, and eyes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A human's frontal lobes, which are behind the forehead, take up to 29% of the brain, whereas the frontal lobes of the cat are just 3.5 percent. (pictures-of-cats.org)
The frontal lobe is located behind the forehead, at the front of the brain. (simplypsychology.org)

Frontal Lobe Coworking - Howell Area Chamber of Commerce (howell.org)

Landon Tewers music, videos, stats, and photos | Last.fm (last.fm)

What is the Neocortex? (news-medical.net)

Neuromodulation Surgery for Psychiatric Disorders: Background, History of the Procedure, Problem (emedicine.medscape.com)

Brainfrontal Lobe Stock Video & More Clips of 4K Resolution 974054114 | iStock (istockphoto.com)

Frontal lobe seizures - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic (mayoclinic.org)

Military Health Issues Help - Forums and Discussions - MedHelp (medhelp.org)

Dementia Causes: Genetics and Other Factors (healthline.com)

CRISPR Gene-Editing Tool Used To Treat First U.S. Patient (theonion.com)

CHRNB2 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics (medlineplus.gov)

Neuropsychology | Cambridge University Press (cambridge.org)

Brain tumours - Cancer Council Victoria (cancervic.org.au)

About the brain | Alzheimer Society of Ontario (alzheimer.ca)

Frontal lobe headache: Causes, treatment, and when to see a doctor (medicalnewstoday.com)

Walking Dead Headshot Fact Check - How to Kill Zombies (popularmechanics.com)

Anatomy31

Organisms3

Diseases56

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Psychiatry and Psychology70

Phenomena and Processes19

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Humanities2

Information Science10

Health Care9

Neural encoding in orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala during olfactory discrimination learning. (1/3907)

Frontal cognitive impairments and saccadic deficits in low-dose MPTP-treated monkeys. (2/3907)

Visuomotor processing as reflected in the directional discharge of premotor and primary motor cortex neurons. (3/3907)

Improvement by nefiracetam of beta-amyloid-(1-42)-induced learning and memory impairments in rats. (4/3907)

N-Methyl-D-aspartate antagonists and apoptotic cell death triggered by head trauma in developing rat brain. (5/3907)

Crossmodal associative memory representations in rodent orbitofrontal cortex. (6/3907)

Blind smell: brain activation induced by an undetected air-borne chemical. (7/3907)

Increased poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of nuclear proteins in Alzheimer's disease. (8/3907)

Frontal Lobe

Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Frontal Sinus

Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe

Frontal Bone

Neuropsychological Tests

Brain Mapping

Brain

Parietal Lobe

Atrophy

Functional Laterality

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Dominance, Cerebral

Electroencephalography

Occipital Lobe

Prefrontal Cortex

Frontal Sinusitis

Cerebral Cortex

Brain Diseases

Psychomotor Performance

Cognition

Neural Pathways

Reaction Time

Epilepsies, Partial

Laughter

Brain Damage, Chronic

Cognition Disorders

Optic Lobe, Nonmammalian

Dementia

Criminal Psychology

Gyrus Cinguli

Memory, Short-Term

Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Nerve Fibers, Myelinated

Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Psychosurgery

Memory

Attention

Memory Disorders

Tomography, Emission-Computed

Basal Ganglia

Catatonia

Biological Psychiatry

Nerve Net

Cerebrovascular Circulation

Verbal Behavior

Executive Function

Photic Stimulation

Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime

Craniotomy

Brain Injuries

Epilepsy, Complex Partial

Language

Problem Solving

Analysis of Variance

Aphasia, Broca

Brain Neoplasms

Behavior

Criminology

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Schizophrenia

Anisotropy

Seizures

Lie Detection

Creatine

Alzheimer Disease

Logic

Thalamus

Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders

Mental Processes

Corpus Callosum

Language Tests

Magnetoencephalography

Task Performance and Analysis

Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic

Aspartic Acid

Saccades

Speech