Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment.
Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)
The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.
A freshwater fish used as an experimental organism and for food. This genus of the family Cichlidae (CICHLIDS) inhabits Central and South America (one species extends north into Texas), West Indies, Africa, Madagascar, Syria, and coastal India.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Anguilla is not a term with a widely accepted medical definition; however, it is the scientific name for the freshwater eel species, and if used in a medical context, it may refer to a rare condition called Anguillula nephria, which is an intestinal infection caused by a roundworm.
Environments or habitats at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and truly aquatic systems making them different from each yet highly dependent on both. Adaptations to low soil oxygen characterize many wetland species.
A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.
Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SALTS present. It is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in an ENVIRONMENT.
A rating of a body of water based on measurable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.
A family of anadromous fish comprising SALMON; TROUT; whitefish; and graylings. They are the most important food and game fishes. Their habitat is the northern Atlantic and Pacific, both marine and inland, and the Great Lakes. (Nelson: Fishes of the World, 1976, p97)
Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.
The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.
Common name for an order (Anguilliformes) of voracious, elongate, snakelike teleost fishes.
A family of extremely venomous snakes, comprising coral snakes, cobras, mambas, kraits, and sea snakes. They are widely distributed, being found in the southern United States, South America, Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. The elapids include three subfamilies: Elapinae, Hydrophiinae, and Lauticaudinae. Like the viperids, they have venom fangs in the front part of the upper jaw. The mambas of Africa are the most dangerous of all snakes by virtue of their size, speed, and highly toxic venom. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, p329-33)
Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.
A subclass of GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS containing large polar heads made up of several sugar units. One or more of their terminal sugar units are bound to a negatively charged molecule at pH 7. Members of this class include: GANGLIOSIDES, uronoglycosphingolipids, SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS, phosphoglycosphingolipids, and phosphonoglycosphingolipids.
Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.
Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).
A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)
A large subphylum of mostly marine ARTHROPODS containing over 42,000 species. They include familiar arthropods such as lobsters (NEPHROPIDAE), crabs (BRACHYURA), shrimp (PENAEIDAE), and barnacles (THORACICA).
Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.
Infections caused by infestation with worms of the class Trematoda.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
A state in northeastern Australia. Its capital is Brisbane. Its coast was first visited by Captain Cook in 1770 and its first settlement (penal) was located on Moreton Bay in 1824. The name Cooksland was first proposed but honor to Queen Victoria prevailed. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p996 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p441)
A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.
Class of parasitic flukes consisting of three subclasses, Monogenea, Aspidogastrea, and Digenea. The digenetic trematodes are the only ones found in man. They are endoparasites and require two hosts to complete their life cycle.
The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.
Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
A phylum of photosynthetic EUKARYOTA bearing double membrane-bound plastids containing chlorophyll a and b. They comprise the classical green algae, and represent over 7000 species that live in a variety of primarily aquatic habitats. Only about ten percent are marine species, most live in freshwater.
Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).
The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.
The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.
A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.
Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
Former kingdom, located on Korea Peninsula between Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea on east coast of Asia. In 1948, the kingdom ceased and two independent countries were formed, divided by the 38th parallel.
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
The withholding of water in a structured experimental situation.
The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.
DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.
A phylum of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria comprised of unicellular to multicellular bacteria possessing CHLOROPHYLL a and carrying out oxygenic PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Cyanobacteria are the only known organisms capable of fixing both CARBON DIOXIDE (in the presence of light) and NITROGEN. Cell morphology can include nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and/or resting cells called akinetes. Formerly called blue-green algae, cyanobacteria were traditionally treated as ALGAE.
The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
'Water softening' is a water treatment process that reduces the hardness of water by removing calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations (such as iron and manganese) through the use of ion-exchange resins or other methods like nanofiltration or reverse osmosis.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
The consumption of liquids.
Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.
Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.
A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Phylogeny of marine and freshwater Shewanella: reclassification of Shewanella putrefaciens NCIMB 400 as Shewanella frigidimarina. (1/3538)

Dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction by Shewanella putrefaciens and related species has generated considerable interest in biochemical characterization of the pathways for anaerobic electron transfer in this organism. Two strains, MR-1 and NCIMB 400, have been extensively used, and several respiratory enzymes have been isolated from each. It has become apparent that significant sequence differences exist between homologous proteins from these strains. The 16S rRNA from NCIMB 400 was sequenced and compared to the sequences from MR-1 and other Shewanella strains. The results indicate that NCIMB 400 is significantly more closely related to the newly identified Shewanella frigidimarina than to the S. putrefaciens type strain. It is therefore proposed that NCIMB 400 should be reclassified as S. frigidimarina.  (+info)

Importance of air and water breathing in relation to size of the African lungfish Protopterus amphibius Peters. (2/3538)

1. Oxygen uptakes from air and water have been measured in relation to weight of the African lungfish Protopterus amphibius Peters. 2. Combined O2 uptake from air and water ranged from 60 ml O2 kg-1 h-1 STPD, in a 3-7 g specimen, to 30 ml O2kg-1 h-1, in a 255 g specimen. 3. While the combined O2 uptake changed by a factor of 2, within the weight range under study, the aquatic O2 uptake changed 8-fold within the same range. The smaller fish satisfy 70% of their O2 requirement by aquatic breathing compared to 10-15% in the grown specimens. 4. The pattern of bimodal breathing in P. amphibius is discussed in relation to the natural habitat of the species.  (+info)

Isolation from estuarine sediments of a Desulfovibrio strain which can grow on lactate coupled to the reductive dehalogenation of 2,4, 6-tribromophenol. (3/3538)

Strain TBP-1, an anaerobic bacterium capable of reductively dehalogenating 2,4,6-tribromophenol to phenol, was isolated from estuarine sediments of the Arthur Kill in the New York/New Jersey harbor. It is a gram-negative, motile, vibrio-shaped, obligate anaerobe which grows on lactate, pyruvate, hydrogen, and fumarate when provided sulfate as an electron acceptor. The organism accumulates acetate when grown on lactate and sulfate, contains desulfoviridin, and will not grow in the absence of NaCl. It will not utilize acetate, succinate, propionate, or butyrate for growth via sulfate reduction. When supplied with lactate as an electron donor, strain TBP-1 will utilize sulfate, sulfite, sulfur, and thiosulfate for growth but not nitrate, fumarate, or acrylate. This organism debrominates 2-, 4-, 2,4-, 2,6-, and 2,4,6-bromophenol but not 3- or 2,3-bromophenol or monobrominated benzoates. It will not dehalogenate monochlorinated, fluorinated, or iodinated phenols or chlorinated benzoates. Together with its physiological characteristics, its 16S rRNA gene sequence places it in the genus Desulfovibrio. The average growth yield of strain TBP-1 grown on a defined medium supplemented with lactate and 2,4,6-bromophenol is 3.71 mg of protein/mmol of phenol produced, and the yield was 1.42 mg of protein/mmol of phenol produced when 4-bromophenol was the electron acceptor. Average growth yields (milligrams of protein per millimole of electrons utilized) for Desulfovibrio sp. strain TBP-1 grown with 2,4,6-bromophenol, 4-bromophenol, or sulfate are 0.62, 0.71, and 1.07, respectively. Growth did not occur when either lactate or 2,4,6-bromophenol was omitted from the growth medium. These results indicate that Desulfovibrio sp. strain TBP-1 is capable of growth via halorespiration.  (+info)

Immunochemical detection and isolation of DNA from metabolically active bacteria. (4/3538)

Most techniques used to assay the growth of microbes in natural communities provide no information on the relationship between microbial productivity and community structure. To identify actively growing bacteria, we adapted a technique from immunocytochemistry to detect and selectively isolate DNA from bacteria incorporating bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog. In addition, we developed an immunocytochemical protocol to visualize BrdU-labeled microbial cells. Cultured bacteria and natural populations of aquatic bacterioplankton were pulse-labeled with exogenously supplied BrdU. Incorporation of BrdU into microbial DNA was demonstrated in DNA dot blots probed with anti-BrdU monoclonal antibodies and either peroxidase- or Texas red-conjugated secondary antibodies. BrdU-containing DNA was physically separated from unlabeled DNA by using antibody-coated paramagnetic beads, and the identities of bacteria contributing to both purified, BrdU-containing fractions and unfractionated, starting-material DNAs were determined by length heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) analysis. BrdU-containing DNA purified from a mixture of DNAs from labeled and unlabeled cultures showed >90-fold enrichment for the labeled bacterial taxon. The LH-PCR profile for BrdU-containing DNA from a labeled, natural microbial community differed from the profile for the community as a whole, demonstrating that BrdU was incorporated by a taxonomic subset of the community. Immunocytochemical detection of cells with BrdU-labeled DNA was accomplished by in situ probing with anti-BrdU monoclonal antibodies and Texas red-labeled secondary antibodies. Using this suite of techniques, microbial cells incorporating BrdU into their newly synthesized DNA can be quantified and the identities of these actively growing cells can be compared to the composition of the microbial community as a whole. Since not all strains tested could incorporate BrdU, these methods may be most useful when used to gain an understanding of the activities of specific species in the context of their microbial community.  (+info)

Dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) and other electron acceptors by a Thermus isolate. (5/3538)

A thermophilic bacterium that can use O2, NO3-, Fe(III), and S0 as terminal electron acceptors for growth was isolated from groundwater sampled at a 3.2-km depth in a South African gold mine. This organism, designated SA-01, clustered most closely with members of the genus Thermus, as determined by 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequence analysis. The 16S rDNA sequence of SA-01 was >98% similar to that of Thermus strain NMX2 A.1, which was previously isolated by other investigators from a thermal spring in New Mexico. Strain NMX2 A.1 was also able to reduce Fe(III) and other electron acceptors. Neither SA-01 nor NMX2 A.1 grew fermentatively, i.e., addition of an external electron acceptor was required for anaerobic growth. Thermus strain SA-01 reduced soluble Fe(III) complexed with citrate or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA); however, it could reduce only relatively small quantities (0.5 mM) of hydrous ferric oxide except when the humic acid analog 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate was added as an electron shuttle, in which case 10 mM Fe(III) was reduced. Fe(III)-NTA was reduced quantitatively to Fe(II); reduction of Fe(III)-NTA was coupled to the oxidation of lactate and supported growth through three consecutive transfers. Suspensions of Thermus strain SA-01 cells also reduced Mn(IV), Co(III)-EDTA, Cr(VI), and U(VI). Mn(IV)-oxide was reduced in the presence of either lactate or H2. Both strains were also able to mineralize NTA to CO2 and to couple its oxidation to Fe(III) reduction and growth. The optimum temperature for growth and Fe(III) reduction by Thermus strains SA-01 and NMX2 A.1 is approximately 65 degrees C; their optimum pH is 6.5 to 7.0. This is the first report of a Thermus sp. being able to couple the oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of Fe, Mn, or S.  (+info)

Morphological and compositional changes in a planktonic bacterial community in response to enhanced protozoan grazing. (6/3538)

We analyzed changes in bacterioplankton morphology and composition during enhanced protozoan grazing by image analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization with group-specific rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Enclosure experiments were conducted in a small, fishless freshwater pond which was dominated by the cladoceran Daphnia magna. The removal of metazooplankton enhanced protozoan grazing pressure and triggered a microbial succession from fast-growing small bacteria to larger grazing-resistant morphotypes. These were mainly different types of filamentous bacteria which correlated in biomass with the population development of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF). Small bacterial rods and cocci, which showed increased proportion after removal of Daphnia and doubling times of 6 to 11 h, belonged nearly exclusively to the beta subdivision of the class Proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster. The majority of this newly produced bacterial biomass was rapidly consumed by HNF. In contrast, the proportion of bacteria belonging to the gamma and alpha subdivisions of the Proteobacteria increased throughout the experiment. The alpha subdivision consisted mainly of rods that were 3 to 6 microm in length, which probably exceeded the size range of bacteria edible by protozoa. Initially, these organisms accounted for less than 1% of total bacteria, but after 72 h they became the predominant group of the bacterial assemblage. Other types of grazing-resistant, filamentous bacteria were also found within the beta subdivision of Proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster. We conclude that the predation regimen is a major structuring force for the bacterial community composition in this system. Protozoan grazing resulted in shifts of the morphological as well as the taxonomic composition of the bacterial assemblage. Grazing-resistant filamentous bacteria can develop within different phylogenetic groups of bacteria, and formerly underepresented taxa might become a dominant group when protozoan predation is the major selective pressure.  (+info)

In situ analysis of phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline of meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerland). (7/3538)

Comparative sequence analysis of a 16S rRNA gene clone library from the chemocline of the meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerland) revealed the presence of a diverse number of phototrophic sulfur bacteria. Sequences resembled those of rRNA of type strains Chromatium okenii DSM169 and Amoebobacter purpureus DSM4197, as well as those of four bacteria forming a tight cluster with A. purpureus DSM4197 and Lamprocystis roseopersicina DSM229. In situ hybridization with fluorescent (Cy3 labeled) oligonucleotide probes indicated that all large-celled phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline of Lake Cadagno were represented by C. okenii DSM169, while small-celled phototrophic sulfur bacteria consisted of four major populations with different distribution profiles in the chemocline indicating different ecophysiological adaptations.  (+info)

Transmission of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in rural western Kenya associated with drinking water from Lake Victoria: an environmental reservoir for cholera? (8/3538)

Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest reported cholera incidence and mortality rates in the world. In 1997, a cholera epidemic occurred in western Kenya. Between June 1997 and March 1998, 14,275 cholera admissions to hospitals in Nyanza Province in western Kenya were reported. There were 547 deaths (case fatality rate = 4%). Of 31 Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates tested, all but one were sensitive to tetracycline. We performed a case-control study among 61 cholera patients and age-, sex-, and clinic-matched controls. Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors for cholera were drinking water from Lake Victoria or from a stream, sharing food with a person with watery diarrhea, and attending funeral feasts. Compared with other diarrheal pathogens, cholera was more common among persons living in a village bordering Lake Victoria. Cholera has become an important public health concern in western Kenya, and may become an endemic pathogen in the region.  (+info)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Fresh Water" is not a medical term. It is a term used to describe water that contains low concentrations of dissolved salts and other dissolved minerals. It is distinguished from saline water, which includes saltwater found in the ocean and brackish water found in estuaries. Fresh water is essential for many biological processes and is the primary source of water for human consumption, agriculture, and industrial use.

Medical definitions of water generally describe it as a colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for all forms of life. It is a universal solvent, making it an excellent medium for transporting nutrients and waste products within the body. Water constitutes about 50-70% of an individual's body weight, depending on factors such as age, sex, and muscle mass.

In medical terms, water has several important functions in the human body:

1. Regulation of body temperature through perspiration and respiration.
2. Acting as a lubricant for joints and tissues.
3. Facilitating digestion by helping to break down food particles.
4. Transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.
5. Helping to maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes.
6. Assisting in the regulation of various bodily functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate.

Dehydration can occur when an individual does not consume enough water or loses too much fluid due to illness, exercise, or other factors. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion. Severe dehydration can be life-threatening if left untreated.

Gills are specialized respiratory organs found in many aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and some mollusks. They are typically thin, feathery structures that increase the surface area for gas exchange between the water and the animal's bloodstream. Gills extract oxygen from water while simultaneously expelling carbon dioxide.

In fish, gills are located in the gill chamber, which is covered by opercula or protective bony flaps. Water enters through the mouth, flows over the gills, and exits through the opercular openings. The movement of water over the gills allows for the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the gill filaments and lamellae, which are the thin plates where gas exchange occurs.

Gills contain a rich supply of blood vessels, allowing for efficient transport of oxygen to the body's tissues and removal of carbon dioxide. The counter-current flow of water and blood in the gills ensures that the concentration gradient between the water and the blood is maximized, enhancing the efficiency of gas exchange.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "water supply" is not a medical term per se. It is a general term used to describe the system or arrangement providing water for consumption or use, such as a public water supply system or a private well. However, in a medical context, it could refer to the source of water used in a healthcare facility for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and patient care, which must meet certain quality standards to prevent infection and ensure safety.

Seawater is not a medical term, but it is a type of water that covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface. Medically, seawater can be relevant in certain contexts, such as in discussions of marine biology, environmental health, or water safety. Seawater has a high salt content, with an average salinity of around 3.5%, which is much higher than that of freshwater. This makes it unsuitable for drinking or irrigation without desalination.

Exposure to seawater can also have medical implications, such as in cases of immersion injuries, marine envenomations, or waterborne illnesses. However, there is no single medical definition of seawater.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tilapia" is not a medical term. It is a common name used to refer to various species of freshwater fish that belong to the cichlid family. They are often farmed and consumed as a food source due to their mild flavor and high protein content. If you have any questions about a medical condition or term, I'd be happy to help with those!

Water microbiology is not a formal medical term, but rather a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms found in water. It involves the identification, enumeration, and characterization of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microscopic organisms present in water sources such as lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater, drinking water, and wastewater.

In a medical context, water microbiology is relevant to public health because it helps to assess the safety of water supplies for human consumption and recreational activities. It also plays a critical role in understanding and preventing waterborne diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that can lead to illnesses such as diarrhea, skin infections, and respiratory problems.

Water microbiologists use various techniques to study water microorganisms, including culturing, microscopy, genetic analysis, and biochemical tests. They also investigate the ecology of these organisms, their interactions with other species, and their response to environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability.

Overall, water microbiology is a vital field that helps ensure the safety of our water resources and protects public health.

"Anguilla" is a term that refers to a type of fish, rather than something related to medicine or human health. It is a species of eel that belongs to the Anguillidae family. Therefore, there is no medical definition for "Anguilla."

I apologize for any confusion, but "wetlands" is a term related to environmental science and ecology rather than medicine. Wetlands are transitional areas between land and water that are characterized by the presence of water, which can be permanent or temporary. They are critical ecosystems that provide various important functions, such as water filtration, flood control, and habitat for diverse plant and animal life, including many species of migratory birds.

If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, please don't hesitate to ask!

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. The term "fishes" is not typically used in a medical context. "Fish" or "fishes" refers to any aquatic organism belonging to the taxonomic class Actinopterygii (bony fish), Chondrichthyes (sharks and rays), or Agnatha (jawless fish).

However, if you are referring to a condition related to fish or consuming fish, there is a medical issue called scombroid fish poisoning. It's a foodborne illness caused by eating spoiled or improperly stored fish from the Scombridae family, which includes tuna, mackerel, and bonito, among others. The bacteria present in these fish can produce histamine, which can cause symptoms like skin flushing, headache, diarrhea, and itchy rash. But again, this is not related to the term "fishes" itself but rather a condition associated with consuming certain types of fish.

Salinity is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in general terms, salinity refers to the level of salt or sodium content in a substance, usually measured in parts per thousand (ppt). In a medical context, salinity might be discussed in relation to things like the body's fluid balance or the composition of certain bodily fluids, such as sweat or tears.

It is worth noting that in some cases, high salinity levels can have negative effects on health. For example, consuming water with very high salt content can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which can be dangerous. Similarly, exposure to high-salinity environments (such as seawater) can cause skin irritation and other problems in some people. However, these are not direct medical definitions of salinity.

Water quality, in the context of public health and environmental medicine, refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water that determine its suitability for various uses, such as drinking, recreation, or industrial processes. The term encompasses a wide range of parameters, including but not limited to:

1. Microbial contaminants: Presence of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microorganisms that can cause waterborne diseases.
2. Chemical contaminants: Including heavy metals (e.g., lead, mercury), pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), disinfection byproducts, and other potentially harmful substances.
3. Physical parameters: Such as temperature, turbidity (cloudiness), color, taste, and odor, which can affect the water's acceptability for different uses.
4. Radiological contaminants: Exposure to ionizing radiation from radioactive elements present in water sources.

Regulatory agencies establish guidelines and standards for water quality to protect public health and minimize potential adverse effects associated with exposure to contaminated water. Regular monitoring, treatment, and management of water sources are essential to ensure safe and reliable water supplies.

"Salmonidae" is not a medical term. It is a biological term that refers to a family of fish which includes salmon, trout, char, grayling, and whitefish. These fish are often anadromous, meaning they are born in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to fresh water to reproduce. They are important both commercially and recreationally as a source of food and sport fishing.

Chemical water pollutants refer to harmful chemicals or substances that contaminate bodies of water, making them unsafe for human use and harmful to aquatic life. These pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and improper disposal of hazardous materials.

Examples of chemical water pollutants include heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, and cadmium), pesticides and herbicides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and petroleum products. These chemicals can have toxic effects on aquatic organisms, disrupt ecosystems, and pose risks to human health through exposure or consumption.

Regulations and standards are in place to monitor and limit the levels of chemical pollutants in water sources, with the aim of protecting public health and the environment.

Water-electrolyte balance refers to the regulation of water and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate) in the body to maintain homeostasis. This is crucial for various bodily functions such as nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, fluid balance, and pH regulation. The body maintains this balance through mechanisms that control water intake, excretion, and electrolyte concentration in various body fluids like blood and extracellular fluid. Disruptions in water-electrolyte balance can lead to dehydration or overhydration, and imbalances in electrolytes can cause conditions such as hyponatremia (low sodium levels) or hyperkalemia (high potassium levels).

"Eels" is not a term that has a medical definition. It refers to a type of long, snake-like fish that belong to the order Anguilliformes. There are several species of eels found in fresh and saltwater environments around the world. While there may be some references to "eels" in a medical context, such as in the name of certain medical conditions or procedures, these would be specific and unrelated to the fish themselves.

Elapidae is a family of venomous snakes, also known as elapids. This family includes many well-known species such as cobras, mambas, death adders, and sea snakes. Elapids are characterized by their fixed fangs, which are located at the front of the upper jaw and deliver venom through a hollow canal. The venom of these snakes is typically neurotoxic, causing paralysis and respiratory failure in prey or attackers.

Elapids are found throughout the world, with the greatest diversity occurring in tropical regions. They vary widely in size, from small species like the death adders that measure only a few inches long, to large species like the king cobra, which can reach lengths of up to 18 feet (5.5 meters).

Elapids are generally shy and avoid confrontations with humans whenever possible. However, they will defend themselves aggressively if threatened or cornered. Bites from elapid snakes can be medically significant and may require antivenom treatment.

Body water refers to the total amount of water present in the human body. It is an essential component of life and makes up about 60-70% of an adult's body weight. Body water is distributed throughout various fluid compartments within the body, including intracellular fluid (water inside cells), extracellular fluid (water outside cells), and transcellular fluid (water found in specific bodily spaces such as the digestive tract, eyes, and joints). Maintaining proper hydration and balance of body water is crucial for various physiological processes, including temperature regulation, nutrient transportation, waste elimination, and overall health.

Acidic glycosphingolipids are a class of complex lipids that contain one or more sugar molecules (glycans) and a fatty acid attached to sphingosine, which is a type of amino alcohol. The term "acidic" refers to the presence of a negatively charged group, such as a sulfate or a carboxylic acid, in the glycan part of the molecule.

Acidic glycosphingolipids are important components of cell membranes and play a role in various biological processes, including cell recognition, signal transduction, and cell adhesion. They are also involved in the development and progression of several diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses.

Examples of acidic glycosphingolipids include sulfatides, gangliosides, and globosides, which differ in the structure and composition of their sugar chains. Abnormalities in the metabolism or function of acidic glycosphingolipids have been associated with various pathological conditions, such as lysosomal storage diseases, inflammatory disorders, and autoimmune diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "trout" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Trout is a common name that refers to several species of freshwater fish belonging to the salmonid family. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Rivers" is not a medical term or concept. It is a geographical term referring to large, flowing bodies of water that usually empty into a sea or an ocean. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "tropical climate" is not a medical term. It is a geographical term that refers to the climate of tropical regions, which are located around the equator. These regions are characterized by high temperatures and consistent rainfall throughout the year.

However, it's worth noting that certain environmental factors, such as climate, can have an impact on human health. For instance, tropical climates can contribute to the spread of certain diseases, like malaria and dengue fever, due to the presence of mosquitoes that thrive in warm, wet environments. But a "tropical climate" itself is not a medical condition or diagnosis.

Water pollution is defined medically as the contamination of water sources by harmful or sufficient amounts of foreign substances (pathogens, chemicals, toxic compounds, etc.) which tend to interfere with its normal functioning and can have negative effects on human health. Such pollutants can find their way into water bodies through various means including industrial waste disposal, agricultural runoff, oil spills, sewage and wastewater discharges, and accidental chemical releases, among others.

Exposure to polluted water can lead to a range of health issues, from minor problems like skin irritation or stomach upset, to severe conditions such as neurological disorders, reproductive issues, cancer, and even death in extreme cases. It also poses significant risks to aquatic life, disrupting ecosystems and leading to the decline or extinction of various species. Therefore, maintaining clean and safe water supplies is critical for both human health and environmental preservation.

Crustacea is a subphylum of Arthropoda, which is a phylum that includes animals without backbones and with jointed appendages. Crustaceans are characterized by their segmented bodies, usually covered with a hard exoskeleton made of chitin, and paired, jointed limbs.

Examples of crustaceans include crabs, lobsters, shrimps, crayfish, krill, barnacles, and copepods. Many crustaceans are aquatic, living in both freshwater and marine environments, while some are terrestrial. They can vary greatly in size, from tiny planktonic organisms to large crabs and lobsters.

Crustaceans have a complex life cycle that typically involves several distinct stages, including larval and adult forms. They are an important part of many aquatic ecosystems, serving as both predators and prey. Crustaceans also have economic importance as a source of food for humans, with crabs, lobsters, and shrimps being among the most commonly consumed.

Water purification is the process of removing or reducing contaminants in water to make it safe and suitable for specific uses, such as drinking, cooking, irrigation, or medical purposes. This is typically achieved through physical, chemical, or biological methods, or a combination thereof. The goal is to eliminate or reduce harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, parasites, heavy metals, pesticides, and other pollutants that can cause illness or negatively impact human health, aquatic life, or the environment.

The specific purification methods used may vary depending on the nature of the contaminants and the desired level of purity for the intended use. Common techniques include filtration (using various types of filters like activated carbon, ceramic, or reverse osmosis), disinfection (using chemicals like chlorine or UV light to kill microorganisms), sedimentation (allowing particles to settle and be removed), and distillation (heating water to create steam, which is then condensed back into pure water).

Trematode infections, also known as trematodiasis or fluke infections, are parasitic diseases caused by various species of flatworms called trematodes. These parasites have an indirect life cycle involving one or two intermediate hosts (such as snails or fish) and a definitive host (usually a mammal or bird).

Humans can become accidentally infected when they consume raw or undercooked aquatic plants, animals, or contaminated water that contains the larval stages of these parasites. The most common trematode infections affecting humans include:

1. Schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia): Caused by several species of blood flukes (Schistosoma spp.). Adult worms live in the blood vessels, and their eggs can cause inflammation and damage to various organs, such as the liver, intestines, bladder, or lungs.
2. Liver flukes: Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are common liver fluke species that infect humans through contaminated watercress or other aquatic plants. These parasites can cause liver damage, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and eosinophilia (elevated eosinophil count in the blood).
3. Lung flukes: Paragonimus spp. are lung fluke species that infect humans through consumption of raw or undercooked crustaceans. These parasites can cause coughing, chest pain, and bloody sputum.
4. Intestinal flukes: Various species of intestinal flukes (e.g., Haplorchis spp., Metagonimus yokogawai) infect humans through consumption of raw or undercooked fish. These parasites can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and eosinophilia.
5. Eye fluke: The oriental eye fluke (Drepanotrema spp.) can infect the human eye through contaminated water. It can cause eye inflammation, corneal ulcers, and vision loss.

Prevention measures include avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked aquatic plants, animals, and their products; practicing good hygiene; and treating drinking water to kill parasites. Treatment typically involves administering anthelmintic drugs such as praziquantel, albendazole, or mebendazole, depending on the specific fluke species involved.

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Queensland" is not a medical term. It is the second largest state in Australia, located in the northeastern part of the country. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

Sodium Chloride is defined as the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is commonly known as table salt or halite, and it is used extensively in food seasoning and preservation due to its ability to enhance flavor and inhibit bacterial growth. In medicine, sodium chloride is used as a balanced electrolyte solution for rehydration and as a topical wound irrigant and antiseptic. It is also an essential component of the human body's fluid balance and nerve impulse transmission.

Trematoda is a class of parasitic flatworms, also known as flukes. They have a complex life cycle involving one or more intermediate hosts and a definitive host. Adult trematodes are typically leaf-shaped and range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters.

They have a characteristic oral sucker surrounding the mouth and a ventral sucker, which they use for locomotion and attachment to their host's tissues. Trematodes infect various organs of their hosts, including the liver, lungs, blood vessels, and intestines, causing a range of diseases in humans and animals.

Examples of human-infecting trematodes include Schistosoma spp., which cause schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia), and Fasciola hepatica, which causes fascioliasis (liver fluke disease). Trematode infections are typically treated with antiparasitic drugs.

Physiological adaptation refers to the changes or modifications that occur in an organism's biological functions or structures as a result of environmental pressures or changes. These adaptations enable the organism to survive and reproduce more successfully in its environment. They can be short-term, such as the constriction of blood vessels in response to cold temperatures, or long-term, such as the evolution of longer limbs in animals that live in open environments.

In the context of human physiology, examples of physiological adaptation include:

1. Acclimatization: The process by which the body adjusts to changes in environmental conditions, such as altitude or temperature. For example, when a person moves to a high-altitude location, their body may produce more red blood cells to compensate for the lower oxygen levels, leading to improved oxygen delivery to tissues.

2. Exercise adaptation: Regular physical activity can lead to various physiological adaptations, such as increased muscle strength and endurance, enhanced cardiovascular function, and improved insulin sensitivity.

3. Hormonal adaptation: The body can adjust hormone levels in response to changes in the environment or internal conditions. For instance, during prolonged fasting, the body releases stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline to help maintain energy levels and prevent muscle wasting.

4. Sensory adaptation: Our senses can adapt to different stimuli over time. For example, when we enter a dark room after being in bright sunlight, it takes some time for our eyes to adjust to the new light level. This process is known as dark adaptation.

5. Aging-related adaptations: As we age, various physiological changes occur that help us adapt to the changing environment and maintain homeostasis. These include changes in body composition, immune function, and cognitive abilities.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes, which are complex structures inside cells where protein synthesis occurs. The "16S" refers to the sedimentation coefficient of the rRNA molecule, which is a measure of its size and shape. In particular, 16S rRNA is a component of the smaller subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome (found in bacteria and archaea), and is often used as a molecular marker for identifying and classifying these organisms due to its relative stability and conservation among species. The sequence of 16S rRNA can be compared across different species to determine their evolutionary relationships and taxonomic positions.

Chlorophyta is a division of green algae, also known as green plants. This group includes a wide variety of simple, aquatic organisms that contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their characteristic green color. They are a diverse group, ranging from unicellular forms to complex multicellular seaweeds. Chlorophyta is a large and varied division with approximately 7,00

Water pollutants refer to any substances or materials that contaminate water sources and make them unsafe or unsuitable for use. These pollutants can include a wide range of chemicals, microorganisms, and physical particles that can have harmful effects on human health, aquatic life, and the environment as a whole. Examples of water pollutants include heavy metals like lead and mercury, industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins, agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and microplastics. Exposure to water pollutants can cause a variety of health problems, ranging from minor irritations to serious illnesses or even death in extreme cases. Additionally, water pollution can have significant impacts on the environment, including harming or killing aquatic life, disrupting ecosystems, and reducing biodiversity.

An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.

While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.

"Fish diseases" is a broad term that refers to various health conditions and infections affecting fish populations in aquaculture, ornamental fish tanks, or wild aquatic environments. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or environmental factors such as water quality, temperature, and stress.

Some common examples of fish diseases include:

1. Bacterial diseases: Examples include furunculosis (caused by Aeromonas salmonicida), columnaris disease (caused by Flavobacterium columnare), and enteric septicemia of catfish (caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri).

2. Viral diseases: Examples include infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in salmonids, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and koi herpesvirus (KHV).

3. Fungal diseases: Examples include saprolegniasis (caused by Saprolegnia spp.) and cotton wool disease (caused by Aphanomyces spp.).

4. Parasitic diseases: Examples include ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich), costia, trichodina, and various worm infestations such as anchor worms (Lernaea spp.) and tapeworms (Diphyllobothrium spp.).

5. Environmental diseases: These are caused by poor water quality, temperature stress, or other environmental factors that weaken the fish's immune system and make them more susceptible to infections. Examples include osmoregulatory disorders, ammonia toxicity, and low dissolved oxygen levels.

It is essential to diagnose and treat fish diseases promptly to prevent their spread among fish populations and maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems. Preventative measures such as proper sanitation, water quality management, biosecurity practices, and vaccination can help reduce the risk of fish diseases in both farmed and ornamental fish settings.

The conservation of natural resources refers to the responsible use and management of natural resources, such as water, soil, minerals, forests, and wildlife, in a way that preserves their availability for future generations. This may involve measures such as reducing waste and pollution, promoting sustainable practices, protecting habitats and ecosystems, and engaging in careful planning and decision-making to ensure the long-term sustainability of these resources. The goal of conservation is to balance the needs of the present with the needs of the future, so that current and future generations can continue to benefit from the many goods and services that natural resources provide.

Species specificity is a term used in the field of biology, including medicine, to refer to the characteristic of a biological entity (such as a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism) that allows it to interact exclusively or preferentially with a particular species. This means that the biological entity has a strong affinity for, or is only able to infect, a specific host species.

For example, HIV is specifically adapted to infect human cells and does not typically infect other animal species. Similarly, some bacterial toxins are species-specific and can only affect certain types of animals or humans. This concept is important in understanding the transmission dynamics and host range of various pathogens, as well as in developing targeted therapies and vaccines.

Chlorides are simple inorganic ions consisting of a single chlorine atom bonded to a single charged hydrogen ion (H+). Chloride is the most abundant anion (negatively charged ion) in the extracellular fluid in the human body. The normal range for chloride concentration in the blood is typically between 96-106 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).

Chlorides play a crucial role in maintaining electrical neutrality, acid-base balance, and osmotic pressure in the body. They are also essential for various physiological processes such as nerve impulse transmission, maintenance of membrane potentials, and digestion (as hydrochloric acid in the stomach).

Chloride levels can be affected by several factors, including diet, hydration status, kidney function, and certain medical conditions. Increased or decreased chloride levels can indicate various disorders, such as dehydration, kidney disease, Addison's disease, or diabetes insipidus. Therefore, monitoring chloride levels is essential for assessing a person's overall health and diagnosing potential medical issues.

Base composition in genetics refers to the relative proportion of the four nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine) in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine, so the base composition is often expressed in terms of the ratio of adenine + thymine (A-T) to guanine + cytosine (G-C). This ratio can vary between species and even between different regions of the same genome. The base composition can provide important clues about the function, evolution, and structure of genetic material.

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte that is necessary for human health. In a medical context, sodium is often discussed in terms of its concentration in the blood, as measured by serum sodium levels. The normal range for serum sodium is typically between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).

Sodium plays a number of important roles in the body, including:

* Regulating fluid balance: Sodium helps to regulate the amount of water in and around your cells, which is important for maintaining normal blood pressure and preventing dehydration.
* Facilitating nerve impulse transmission: Sodium is involved in the generation and transmission of electrical signals in the nervous system, which is necessary for proper muscle function and coordination.
* Assisting with muscle contraction: Sodium helps to regulate muscle contractions by interacting with other minerals such as calcium and potassium.

Low sodium levels (hyponatremia) can cause symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and coma, while high sodium levels (hypernatremia) can lead to symptoms such as weakness, muscle cramps, and seizures. Both conditions require medical treatment to correct.

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is not a type of gene itself, but rather a crucial component that is transcribed from genes known as ribosomal DNA (rDNA). In cells, rRNA plays an essential role in protein synthesis by assembling with ribosomal proteins to form ribosomes. Ribosomes are complex structures where the translation of mRNA into proteins occurs. There are multiple types of rRNA molecules, including 5S, 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rRNAs in eukaryotic cells, each with specific functions during protein synthesis.

In summary, 'Genes, rRNA' would refer to the genetic regions (genes) that code for ribosomal RNA molecules, which are vital components of the protein synthesis machinery within cells.

A larva is a distinct stage in the life cycle of various insects, mites, and other arthropods during which they undergo significant metamorphosis before becoming adults. In a medical context, larvae are known for their role in certain parasitic infections. Specifically, some helminth (parasitic worm) species use larval forms to infect human hosts. These invasions may lead to conditions such as cutaneous larva migrans, visceral larva migrans, or gnathostomiasis, depending on the specific parasite involved and the location of the infection within the body.

The larval stage is characterized by its markedly different morphology and behavior compared to the adult form. Larvae often have a distinct appearance, featuring unsegmented bodies, simple sense organs, and undeveloped digestive systems. They are typically adapted for a specific mode of life, such as free-living or parasitic existence, and rely on external sources of nutrition for their development.

In the context of helminth infections, larvae may be transmitted to humans through various routes, including ingestion of contaminated food or water, direct skin contact with infective stages, or transmission via an intermediate host (such as a vector). Once inside the human body, these parasitic larvae can cause tissue damage and provoke immune responses, leading to the clinical manifestations of disease.

It is essential to distinguish between the medical definition of 'larva' and its broader usage in biology and zoology. In those fields, 'larva' refers to any juvenile form that undergoes metamorphosis before reaching adulthood, regardless of whether it is parasitic or not.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that are among the earliest known life forms on Earth. They are typically characterized as having a cell wall and no membrane-bound organelles. The majority of bacteria have a prokaryotic organization, meaning they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Bacteria exist in diverse environments and can be found in every habitat on Earth, including soil, water, and the bodies of plants and animals. Some bacteria are beneficial to their hosts, while others can cause disease. Beneficial bacteria play important roles in processes such as digestion, nitrogen fixation, and biogeochemical cycling.

Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission or budding, and some species can also exchange genetic material through conjugation. They have a wide range of metabolic capabilities, with many using organic compounds as their source of energy, while others are capable of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Bacteria are highly adaptable and can evolve rapidly in response to environmental changes. This has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in some species, which poses a significant public health challenge. Understanding the biology and behavior of bacteria is essential for developing strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections and diseases.

DNA Sequence Analysis is the systematic determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. It is a critical component of modern molecular biology, genetics, and genetic engineering. The process involves determining the exact order of the four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - in a DNA molecule or fragment. This information is used in various applications such as identifying gene mutations, studying evolutionary relationships, developing molecular markers for breeding, and diagnosing genetic diseases.

The process of DNA Sequence Analysis typically involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification (if necessary), purification, sequencing reaction, and electrophoresis. The resulting data is then analyzed using specialized software to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides.

In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, enabling the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of entire genomes. This has led to an explosion of genomic data and new insights into the genetic basis of many diseases and traits.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Korea" is not a medical term. It refers to a region in East Asia that is divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea) and South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea).

If you're looking for medical terms, I'd be happy to help. Could you please provide more context?

Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a long aliphatic chain, which are important components of lipids and are widely distributed in living organisms. They can be classified based on the length of their carbon chain, saturation level (presence or absence of double bonds), and other structural features.

The two main types of fatty acids are:

1. Saturated fatty acids: These have no double bonds in their carbon chain and are typically solid at room temperature. Examples include palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0).
2. Unsaturated fatty acids: These contain one or more double bonds in their carbon chain and can be further classified into monounsaturated (one double bond) and polyunsaturated (two or more double bonds) fatty acids. Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid (C18:1, monounsaturated), linoleic acid (C18:2, polyunsaturated), and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3, polyunsaturated).

Fatty acids play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as energy storage, membrane structure, and cell signaling. Some essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through dietary sources.

Water deprivation is a condition that occurs when an individual is deliberately or unintentionally not given access to adequate water for a prolonged period. This can lead to dehydration, which is the excessive loss of body water and electrolytes. In severe cases, water deprivation can result in serious health complications, including seizures, kidney damage, brain damage, coma, and even death. It's important to note that water is essential for many bodily functions, including maintaining blood pressure, regulating body temperature, and removing waste products from the body. Therefore, it's crucial to stay hydrated by drinking an adequate amount of water each day.

Biodiversity is the variety of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in an ecosystem. It also includes the variety of genes within a species and the variety of ecosystems (such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and oceans) that exist in a region or on Earth as a whole. Biodiversity is important for maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, providing resources and services such as food, clean water, and pollination, and contributing to the discovery of new medicines and other useful products. The loss of biodiversity can have negative impacts on the functioning of ecosystems and the services they provide, and can threaten the survival of species and the livelihoods of people who depend on them.

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) refers to the specific regions of DNA in a cell that contain the genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Ribosomes are complex structures composed of proteins and rRNA, which play a crucial role in protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins.

In humans, there are four types of rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S, and 5S. These rRNAs are encoded by multiple copies of rDNA genes that are organized in clusters on specific chromosomes. In humans, the majority of rDNA genes are located on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22.

Each cluster of rDNA genes contains both transcribed and non-transcribed spacer regions. The transcribed regions contain the genes for the four types of rRNA, while the non-transcribed spacers contain regulatory elements that control the transcription of the rRNA genes.

The number of rDNA copies varies between species and even within individuals of the same species. The copy number can also change during development and in response to environmental factors. Variations in rDNA copy number have been associated with various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders.

Bacterial DNA refers to the genetic material found in bacteria. It is composed of a double-stranded helix containing four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) - that are linked together by phosphodiester bonds. The sequence of these bases in the DNA molecule carries the genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria.

Bacterial DNA is circular in most bacterial species, although some have linear chromosomes. In addition to the main chromosome, many bacteria also contain small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids that can carry additional genes and provide resistance to antibiotics or other environmental stressors.

Unlike eukaryotic cells, which have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus, bacterial DNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell, where it is in direct contact with the cell's metabolic machinery. This allows for rapid gene expression and regulation in response to changing environmental conditions.

I'm not aware of a medical definition for the term "water movements." It is possible that it could be used in a specific context within a certain medical specialty or procedure. However, I can provide some general information about how the term "water" is used in a medical context.

In medicine, "water" often refers to the fluid component of the body, which includes all the fluids inside and outside of cells. The movement of water within the body is regulated by various physiological processes, such as osmosis and hydrostatic pressure. Disorders that affect the regulation of water balance can lead to dehydration or overhydration, which can have serious consequences for health.

If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "water movements," I may be able to give a more specific answer.

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a type of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, similar to plants. They can produce oxygen and contain chlorophyll a, which gives them a greenish color. Some species of cyanobacteria can produce toxins that can be harmful to humans and animals if ingested or inhaled. They are found in various aquatic environments such as freshwater lakes, ponds, and oceans, as well as in damp soil and on rocks. Cyanobacteria are important contributors to the Earth's oxygen-rich atmosphere and play a significant role in the global carbon cycle.

Osmolar concentration is a measure of the total number of solute particles (such as ions or molecules) dissolved in a solution per liter of solvent (usually water), which affects the osmotic pressure. It is expressed in units of osmoles per liter (osmol/L). Osmolarity and osmolality are related concepts, with osmolarity referring to the number of osmoles per unit volume of solution, typically measured in liters, while osmolality refers to the number of osmoles per kilogram of solvent. In clinical contexts, osmolar concentration is often used to describe the solute concentration of bodily fluids such as blood or urine.

Water softening is not a medical term, but rather a process used in water treatment. It refers to the removal of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and certain iron compounds that make water "hard." These minerals can cause scaling and other problems when water is heated or used in appliances and plumbing systems.

In a medical context, softened water may have implications for skin health, as hard water can leave deposits on the skin that can lead to dryness and irritation. However, there is no specific medical definition associated with 'water softening.'

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

The term "drinking" is commonly used to refer to the consumption of beverages, but in a medical context, it usually refers to the consumption of alcoholic drinks. According to the Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary, "drinking" is defined as:

1. The act or habit of swallowing liquid (such as water, juice, or alcohol)
2. The ingestion of alcoholic beverages

It's important to note that while moderate drinking may not pose significant health risks for some individuals, excessive or binge drinking can lead to a range of negative health consequences, including addiction, liver disease, heart disease, and increased risk of injury or violence.

Bacterial typing techniques are methods used to identify and differentiate bacterial strains or isolates based on their unique characteristics. These techniques are essential in epidemiological studies, infection control, and research to understand the transmission dynamics, virulence, and antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens.

There are various bacterial typing techniques available, including:

1. **Bacteriophage Typing:** This method involves using bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to identify specific bacterial strains based on their susceptibility or resistance to particular phages.
2. **Serotyping:** It is a technique that differentiates bacterial strains based on the antigenic properties of their cell surface components, such as capsules, flagella, and somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens.
3. **Biochemical Testing:** This method uses biochemical reactions to identify specific metabolic pathways or enzymes present in bacterial strains, which can be used for differentiation. Commonly used tests include the catalase test, oxidase test, and various sugar fermentation tests.
4. **Molecular Typing Techniques:** These methods use genetic markers to identify and differentiate bacterial strains at the DNA level. Examples of molecular typing techniques include:
* **Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE):** This method uses restriction enzymes to digest bacterial DNA, followed by electrophoresis in an agarose gel under pulsed electrical fields. The resulting banding patterns are analyzed and compared to identify related strains.
* **Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST):** It involves sequencing specific housekeeping genes to generate unique sequence types that can be used for strain identification and phylogenetic analysis.
* **Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS):** This method sequences the entire genome of a bacterial strain, providing the most detailed information on genetic variation and relatedness between strains. WGS data can be analyzed using various bioinformatics tools to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), gene deletions or insertions, and other genetic changes that can be used for strain differentiation.

These molecular typing techniques provide higher resolution than traditional methods, allowing for more accurate identification and comparison of bacterial strains. They are particularly useful in epidemiological investigations to track the spread of pathogens and identify outbreaks.

Cryopreservation is a medical procedure that involves the preservation of cells, tissues, or organs by cooling them to very low temperatures, typically below -150°C. This is usually achieved using liquid nitrogen. The low temperature slows down or stops biological activity, including chemical reactions and cellular metabolism, which helps to prevent damage and decay.

The cells, tissues, or organs that are being cryopreserved must be treated with a cryoprotectant solution before cooling to prevent the formation of ice crystals, which can cause significant damage. Once cooled, the samples are stored in specialized containers or tanks until they are needed for use.

Cryopreservation is commonly used in assisted reproductive technologies, such as the preservation of sperm, eggs, and embryos for fertility treatments. It is also used in research, including the storage of cell lines and stem cells, and in clinical settings, such as the preservation of skin grafts and corneas for transplantation.

Aquaporins are a type of membrane protein that function as water channels, allowing the selective and efficient transport of water molecules across biological membranes. They play crucial roles in maintaining fluid homeostasis, regulating cell volume, and supporting various physiological processes in the body. In humans, there are 13 different aquaporin subtypes (AQP0 to AQP12) that have been identified, each with distinct tissue expression patterns and functions. Some aquaporins also facilitate the transport of small solutes such as glycerol and urea. Dysfunction or misregulation of aquaporins has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including neurological disorders, cancer, and water balance-related diseases.

An amino acid sequence is the specific order of amino acids in a protein or peptide molecule, formed by the linking of the amino group (-NH2) of one amino acid to the carboxyl group (-COOH) of another amino acid through a peptide bond. The sequence is determined by the genetic code and is unique to each type of protein or peptide. It plays a crucial role in determining the three-dimensional structure and function of proteins.

Temperature, in a medical context, is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment. It is usually measured using a thermometer and reported in degrees Celsius (°C), degrees Fahrenheit (°F), or kelvin (K). In the human body, normal core temperature ranges from about 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F) when measured rectally, and can vary slightly depending on factors such as time of day, physical activity, and menstrual cycle. Elevated body temperature is a common sign of infection or inflammation, while abnormally low body temperature can indicate hypothermia or other medical conditions.

... is not always potable water, that is, water safe to drink by humans. Much of the earth's fresh water (on the ... Water pollution also reduces the availability of fresh water. Fresh water can be defined as water with less than 500 parts per ... Water scarcity (closely related to water stress or water crisis) is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard ... Most of the world's fresh water is frozen in ice sheets. Many areas have very little fresh water, such as deserts. Water is a ...
Fresh Water is the debut album by Australian rock and blues singer Alison McCallum, released in 1972. Rare for an Australian ... Fresh Water (Simon Napier-Bell) - 3:25 Ain't Eatin' Dinner Tonight (Simon Napier-Bell) - 3:15 Any Way You Want Me (Chip Taylor ...
Fresh Water at IMDb v t e v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, 2021 television ... Fresh Water is a Canadian documentary film, directed by David Kalinauskas and released in 2021. The film is a portrait of ... Mackenzie Patterson, "Fresh Water documentary spotlights Brazilian native finding refuge in Great Lakes surfing community". ... and became the owner of the Surf the Greats surf shop and a participant in the city's thriving subculture of freshwater surfers ...
... is a 1984 posthumous album by Stan Rogers. It was one of a series of concept albums Rogers intended to do ... From Fresh Water is about the Great Lakes area of Canada, while Fogarty's Cove was an album about the Maritimes, and Northwest ...
"FRESH WATER SUPPLY DISTRICTS". tshaonline.org. 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2019-02-05. "WATER CODE CHAPTER 53. FRESH WATER SUPPLY ... A fresh water supply district is a body which manages fresh water supply in a defined area in the United States. It may have ... v t e (Water management authorities in the United States, Water supply, Water supply and sanitation in the United States, Water ... other water supply system, water improvement districts. As of 1992, there were 38 fresh water supply districts in Texas. ...
... "fresh water skin disease". Duignan, Pádraig J.; Stephens, Nahiid S.; Robb, Kate (15 December 2020). "Fresh water skin disease ... Fresh water skin disease (FWSD) is a disease of marine cetaceans in coastal and estuarine environments, caused when they are ... It has been observed in dolphins that were displaced into freshwater lakes, and in normally-salty lakes and estuaries where ... exposed for extended periods to water with lower than normal levels of salt (hypo-saline). ...
... , also known as Il Sangue Non E Acqua Fresca, is an Ethiopian film, made in 1997 and directed by Theo ... Blood is Not Fresh Water was additionally screened at the Wolfsonian-FIU in 2007 and at the Miami Art Central in 2006. Blood is ... ISBN 978-0-253-21668-7. Blood is Not Fresh Water at IMDb (Use dmy dates from February 2022, Articles with short description, ... ISBN 978-1-4426-2008-7. "Blood Is Not Fresh Water". African Film Festival, Inc. Retrieved 1 February 2022. KLAWANS, STUART (5 ...
... along with freshwater snails. They are bivalves that live in fresh water as opposed to salt water, which is the main habitat ... Freshwater bivalves are filter feeders and provide an ecological service by improving water quality in the bodies of water they ... Freshwater bivalves are important bioindicators of freshwater ecosystems because they are the connection between the water ... a number of different families live in fresh water (and in some cases, also in brackish water). These families belong to two ...
It is located on Freshwater Slough, a major tributary to Humboldt Bay (and the previous source of municipal water to the City ... Freshwater is the site of the Freshwater Elementary School District, and home of the Freshwater School, a public K-6 school, ... ISBN 978-0-9629617-2-4. Humboldt County Office of Education Freshwater School District Freshwater School v t e (Articles with ... Freshwater Park, a Humboldt County Park, which has picnic areas and a swimming area each summer, is located nearby on ...
... are found in the slightly acidic, standing bodies of water in West Africa. They require a year-round ... Freshwater butterfly fish are small, no more than 13 cm (5.1 in) in length, with very large pectoral fins. It has a large and ... In aquaria, freshwater butterflyfish can grow to 5 in. They should not be kept with fin-eating or aggressive fish. They eat any ... Freshwater butterflyfish are kept in large aquaria, although a single specimen should be kept as the only top-level fish, as ...
It also produces its own solar energy and features a water recirculation system that ensures that pitch can remain healthy ... The Freshwater Stadium is an association football stadium in Port Vila, the capital of Vanuatu. The stadium has a seating ... Bule, G. "Freshwater Stadium costs FIFA Vt400 million". Vanuatu Daily Post. Retrieved 29 September 2023. "Rain Forces ...
Similar to oceans, freshwater bodies also absorb atmospheric CO2, lowering the pH of the water. In addition to CO2, freshwater ... Freshwater acidification occurs when acidic inputs enter a body of fresh water through the weathering of rocks, invasion of ... Without this salt-buffer, pH changes in freshwater tend to be more pronounced than in ocean water. In freshwater systems, newly ... is present in basic water and free CO2 is in acidic water. When the latter dissolves into the surface of freshwater it reacts ...
"26 fresh water crocodiles hatched at Vandalur zoo - Times of India". articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Archived from the ... There has, however, been a freshwater crocodile attack at Lake Argyle. Head of a freshwater crocodile Freshwater crocodile ... Freshwater crocodiles are found in Western Australia, Queensland, and the Northern Territory. Main habitats include freshwater ... The freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni), also known as the Australian freshwater crocodile, Johnstone's crocodile or ...
The water at Freshwater West is part of the Pembrokeshire Marine SAC, and it also forms part of the Angle Peninsula Coast SSSI ... Freshwater West (also known as Fresh West) is a beach near Castlemartin, Pembrokeshire in West Wales. It lies along the B4319 ... Freshwater West, Pembrokeshire Shell Cottage - while filming Harry Potter Filming Robin Hood Freshwater East List of beaches in ... which is situated in the field left of the main road out of Freshwater. Freshwater West is one of the top surfing locations in ...
... and breeding in open water. Earlier it was considered to be a part of the species Clupeonella cultriventris (a variety or ... The freshwater tyulka (Clupeonella tscharchalensis) is a species of fish in the herring family Clupeidae. It is found in the ... It is a small freshwater pelagic fish, up to 10 cm maximal length, inhabiting large lakes and reservoirs, ...
Freshwater is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water. Freshwater or Fresh Water may also refer to: ... Freshwater Beach Freshwater East Freshwater Place Freshwater River, New Zealand Freshwater Senior Campus Freshwater West This ... England Freshwater railway station Freshwater East and Freshwater West, Wales Freshwater, California Freshwater, Virginia ... with Freshwater All pages with titles containing Freshwater All pages with titles beginning with Fresh water Freshwater Bay ( ...
"Freshwater (Lakes and Rivers) and the Water Cycle". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2020-10-08. Chakraborty, Rishika; Khan, Khalid M.; ... Excess amounts of saline water in freshwater areas also play a significant role on larger population scales; they may alter ... Freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS) is cited to be a familiar threat to freshwater located in North America and Europe. The ... Freshwater salinization is the process of salty runoff contaminating freshwater ecosystems, which can harm aquatic species in ...
A freshwater marsh is a non-tidal, non-forested marsh wetland that contains fresh water, and is continuously or frequently ... Freshwater marshes have a lengthy growing season and contain high nutrient levels in the water and substrate, which contribute ... Freshwater marshes are dynamic ecosystems. Aspects of the water like depth, velocity, oxygen concentration, and temperature ... Freshwater marshes also provide recreational services like fishing, bird-watching, water fowl hunting, and trapping. Another ...
In more modern times, the stream would provide fresh water for ships, giving it its name. In Victorian times it became ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Freshwater East. Surfing at Freshwater East (Webarchive template wayback links, Use dmy ... Freshwater is marked on a 1578 parish map, but apparently as a coastal place, rather than a parish. The historic name for the ... Freshwater East is a village in Pembrokeshire, Wales. The majority of the village is on a cliff overlooking a bay. It is ...
The colonisation of fresh water has required crabs to alter their water balance; freshwater crabs can reabsorb salt from their ... These developments have preadapted freshwater crabs for terrestrial living, although freshwater crabs need to return to water ... Freshwater crabs are found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. They live in a wide range of water ... Members of the family Aeglidae and Clibanarius fonticola are also restricted to fresh water, but these "crab-like" crustaceans ...
Ward as John Castleberry Kevin Wayne as Trooper Ford Brian Waters as Agent Ray The film was released on DVD in the US on ... Freshwater is a 2016 American thriller film written and directed by Brandeis Berry, starring Zoë Bell, Joe Lando, Amy Paffrath ... Freshwater at IMDb Dread Central article v t e (All articles lacking reliable references, Articles lacking reliable references ... "Movie Review: Freshwater - The Poor Man's Lake Placid". Literary Homicide with TropicalMary. August 4, 2016. Retrieved February ...
The freshwater drum prefers clear water, but it is tolerant of turbid and murky water. They prefer the bottom to be clean sand ... During the summer, freshwater drums move into warm, shallow water that is less than 33 ft (10 m) deep. The freshwater drum then ... Freshwater drum are the only North American member of their family to exclusively inhabit freshwater (freshwater family members ... The freshwater drum is gray or silvery in turbid waters and more bronze or brown colored in clearer waters. It is a deep bodied ...
... true freshwater sharks found in fresh and brackish water in Asia and Australia the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, which can ... Freshwater sharks are sharks able to live in freshwater lakes and rivers, including: the river sharks, Glyphis, ... are also thought to have inhabited freshwater environments. A small number of freshwater fish cyprinids and catfish (which are ... swim between salt and fresh water, and are found in tropical rivers around the world. Some members of prehistoric groups of ...
... are any shrimp which live in fresh water. This includes: Any Caridea (shrimp) which live in fresh water, ... giant freshwater prawn or cherabin Any amphipod living in fresh water, especially: Gammarus pulex This page is an index of ... sometimes called the American giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, also known as the giant river prawn, ...
The only Australian stingray confined to fresh and brackish waters, the freshwater whipray has been thus far been reported from ... It may occasionally travel onto land and can "breathe" out of water for up to 7 minutes. The freshwater whipray is an active ... The freshwater whipray is close in appearance to the much larger giant freshwater stingray, but has a shorter, more obtuse ... but some have been caught from water with a salinity of up to 30 ppt. The freshwater stingray has an apple-shaped pectoral fin ...
... are distributed mainly in relatively cool waters throughout the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere ... The freshwater whitefish are fishes of the subfamily Coregoninae, which contains whitefishes (both freshwater and anadromous) ... A Model of Mining Water Toxic Response". Mine Water and the Environment. 36 (3): 393-400. doi:10.1007/s10230-016-0426-0. ISSN ... Freshwater whitefish is known for its mild flavor and high omega-3 fatty acid content. It is generally favored by those who ...
... no water flow outlets, and amount of water. Standing water circulates much less than moving waters, with the deeper water ... Running water is a type of freshwater habitat that mainly consists of rivers and streams. Running, fast-moving waters have a ... Stratification does not occur in running water because of the fast moving water that mixes water with varying oxygen content ... with wetlands being the largest examples of the water table being near or at the surface. The water found in freshwater ...
... s are those members of the Phylum Mollusca which live in freshwater habitats, both lotic (flowing water) such ... The Ecology of Freshwater Molluscs. Cambridge University Press. 509 pp. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Freshwater ... never made the transition from a fully marine environment to a freshwater environment. A few species of freshwater molluscs are ... This article is about freshwater Mollusca in general; for information on one particular family of freshwater molluscs, please ...
The plain may support fresh water wetlands or Sitka Spruce forests following uplift events and salt marsh or inundated ... Articles using infobox body of water without alt, Articles using infobox body of water without pushpin map alt, Articles using ... Freshwater Lagoon is similar to other coastal features of northern California including Humboldt Bay to the south and Lake Earl ... Freshwater Lagoon is the northernmost and smallest of three similar lagoons within Humboldt Lagoons State Park, along the coast ...
... water conditioner, water quality testing kits, a siphon hose or gravel cleaner, and a bucket for water changes. When first ... A freshwater aquarium is a receptacle that holds one or more freshwater aquatic organisms for decorative, pet-keeping, or ... Freshwater fish may be either coldwater or tropical species. Although freshwater aquariums can be set up as community tanks, ... Freshwater aquarium at Curlie Freshwater-Aquarium.com Database (Webarchive template wayback links, Articles with short ...
lovely and fresh and cold, our scottish water has to be the best! ;) ... GDay Mate! My water is so fresh, sometimes, I have to yell at it. ... Out of all the water on Earth, saline water in oceans, seas and saline groundwater make up about 97% of it. Only 2.5 ... Mines well water that tastes like a mix of rotton eggs and scary minerals that taste weird. We have a filter! ...
If the water gets cloudy, change it out, and your asparagus will stay fresh for up to a week. Its an old trick but a good one- ... our friends at Chow remind us that storing your asparagus upright in about an inch of water will keep them fresh in the fridge ... cut about a half-inch off of the bottom and store the stalks upright in about an inch of water at the bottom of the glass. ... one that also applies to fresh herbs and celery too, if you want to try it. ...
This is the most refreshing of all our toner waters, with mineral-rich carrageenan seaweed extract and rose absolute to tone ... Spring Water. , Fresh Sea Water (Aqua). , Fair Trade Organic Aloe Vera Gel. , Parfum/Fragrance. , Carrageenan Extract. , Rose ... Breath of Fresh Air. Toner Water. Fresh sea mist for the skin. ... or use on a cotton pad after cleansing for an extra fresh feel. ...
Wells are designed, drilled and operated to protect fresh water sources. ... Protecting fresh water is an environmental commitment fundamental to our regulations and standards in oil and gas. ... Protecting Water Similarly, oil sands operators take steps to protect surface water and to reduce the volume of fresh water ... Protecting Fresh Water. Protecting water resources is a priority for Canadas natural gas and oil industry. Today, most oil and ...
Only 2 percent of its water is fresh, trapped in its glaciers, rivers and lakes. The drinking water crisis on the planet with ... The Earth is a watery planet but most of its water is not fit to drink. ... The Earth is a watery planet but most of its water is not fit to drink. Only 2 percent of its water is fresh, trapped in its ... tions will go to war over fresh water like some tions did over oil in the earlier century. In the midst of such gloomy ...
Fresh Water, Fresh Voices. A conference that marries Outdoor Adventure + Environmental Science + Writing. ...
The University of Hawaii at Manoa discovery illustrates a new way to generate electricity by mixing water with different ... One cubic meter of freshwater flowing into the ocean will release the same amount of energy as one cubic meter of water falling ... Millions of gallons of freshwater naturally flow into oceans every day. Mixing freshwater and saltwater releases a significant ... When the water passes through a porous electrode (a device used to capture energy), the team discovered that the properties of ...
Image of Fresh Asparagus With Water Drops. This free stock photo is also about: Food, Grow, Healthy, Cooking, Vegetable, No ... Fresh Asparagus With Water Drops Photo. Spears of asparagus lay prepped on a cutting board. ...
... access points and important locations in and around Fresh Pond Reservation. ... Drinking Water Quality. Fresh Pond Reservation. Water Bill. Water Service Issues or Emergencies. Watershed. Programs. High ... Source Water Protection. Volunteer at Fresh Pond. Water Resource Monitoring. Water Department Divisions. Administration. ... Water Board. Watershed Management. Water Quality Reports. 2021. 2020. 2019. 2018. 2017. 2016. 2015. 2014. 2013 to 2003. *© 2023 ...
Water is the lifeblood of human and ecological communities, and is particularly vulnerable to pollution from extractive ... Much of SkyTruths work on freshwater relates to the location and extent of extractive activities such as mining and the waste ... We publish newsletters and blogs to keep users informed of fresh work and analysis. ...
... takes a sample of fresh river water. Its hard to see what lies beneath the surface of the turbid, fast-moving river, but the ... importance of that water is clear. Freshwater ecosystems supply drinking […] ... Freshwater ecosystems supply drinking water, support inland fisheries, offer flood control and deliver nutrients to forests. ... To gather eDNA, the team collects freshwater at multiple spots using a large syringe, and then pushes the water through a ...
Some watermakers use fresh water from the water tank to flush membranes. Did you find that these products damage watermaker ... Desert island tip: Lets say youre down to your last bottle of water, and although you have fresh water available, you have no ... These are handy when you dont trust the tap water-perhaps the water has been sitting for a while and seems less than fresh. ... Some watermakers use fresh water from the water tank to flush membranes. Are these products safe for watermaker membranes? ...
Freshwater Aquarium Master Test Kit at PetSmart. Shop all sale cant miss savings online ... Disease Treatment Water Care & Conditioning Water Quality Testers *Care Plant Care Pond Care Saltwater Aquarium Care *Featured ... Marine & Freshwater Goldfish Koi & Pond Betta Shrimp Cichlid Live Fish Shop All *Food ... Dry Food Canned Food Veterinary Authorized Diets Fresh & Frozen Dog Food Food Toppers Puppy Food Shop All *Treats ...
Freshwater Aquarium Master Test Kit at PetSmart. Shop all fish water quality testers online ... Health & Water Care. Water Care & Conditioning Disease Treatment Water Quality Testers Plant Care Saltwater Aquarium Care Pond ... Marine & Freshwater Betta Goldfish Shrimp Koi & Pond Cichlid Live Fish Shop all *Fish Food ... Dry Food Canned Food Veterinary Authorized Diets Fresh & Frozen Dog Food Food Toppers Puppy Food Shop All *Treats ...
This free stock photo is also about: Lime, Water, Lemon, Glass, Table, Linen, Feast, Melon, and Summer. ... Image of Table Of Fresh Fruit And Lemon Water Outdoors. ... Table Of Fresh Fruit And Lemon Water Outdoors Photo. A wooden ... There is a glass of water with slices of lemon in it and trays of fresh fruit. ...
... the Water Fund helps with watershed protection and reforestation to provide fresh, clean water for millions of people. ... The Water Resilience Coalition (WRC) of the United Nations Global Compact has mobilized its members to contribute to the Water ... "Taking care of water is taking care of the next generations. Everyone dealing with sustainability deals with water," Van der ... According to UN-Water, the world must quadruple its efforts to reach global targets for water and sanitation by 2030. ...
TropiClean Fresh Breath Water Additives with a detailed product breakdown. Visit PetMeds to save on Breath Fresheners ...
Shop LES BEIGES WATER-FRESH COMPLEXION TOUCH EVEN - ILLUMINATE - HYDRATE and discover more Makeup at CHANEL.com. Shop now and ... LES BEIGES WATER-FRESH COMPLEXION TOUCH - Basic texture view * LES BEIGES WATER-FRESH COMPLEXION TOUCH - product.packShot. ... LES BEIGES WATER-FRESH TINT WATER-FRESH TINT WITH MICRO-DROPLET PIGMENTS. BARE SKIN EFFECT. NATURAL AND LUMINOUS HEALTHY GLOW. ... Leaves skin plump and delivers a fresh complexion that appears well-rested. *Compared to LES BEIGES WATER-FRESH TINT. ...
The system will alleviate water shortages in arid regions and reduce concerns surrounding high salinity brine disposal, such as ... Riverside have developed a new way to recover almost 100 percent of the water from highly concentrated salt solutions. ... Squeezing every drop of fresh water from waste brine. by University of California - Riverside ... which involves the development of a carbon nanotube-based heating element that will vastly improve the recovery of fresh water ...
This beautiful Blue Jay enjoyed a fresh drink of water then went to the feeder tray and grabbed a peanut in the shell and flew ...
The Fresh Water Fishing Hall of Fame is a non-profit 501(c)3 organization dedicated to the education and conservation of fresh ... Our purpose is to collect, display and maintain the artifacts, heritage and history of fresh water sportfishing in our 7 acre ... Additionally , we recognize those men and women who have made significant and lasting contributions to fresh water sportfishing ... Finally, we are the qualifier and recognizer of fresh waters sportfishing world records. ...
Aqua Fresh water filters are designed to fit your name brand appliance, just like an OEM filter would. Meeting the same ... these Aqua Fresh replacement water filters can reduce chlorine taste and order, sediment, and tur ... Aqua Fresh refrigerator filters offer alternative options to name-brand water filters. ... Aqua Fresh refrigerator filters offer alternative options to name-brand water filters. Aqua Fresh water filters are designed to ...
2022 - All information is Copyrighted © Luminos Homeopathic Courses Ltd ...
... estuaries and coastal waters under the Water Framework Directive. Fresh, clean water is vital for all life on earth. Ireland ... The 2020 EPA Bathing Water report sets out bathing water quality at Irelands beaches during the summer 2020 bathing water ... Monitoring & assessment: Freshwater and Marine The EPA Water Programme works with others to monitor and assess the health of ... Water Quality in 2022 An Indicators Report This report provides an update on the quality of water in Irelands rivers, lakes, ...
... with fresh water crustaceans. Kokanee, for example, feed on crayfish. Crayfish are tasty fresh water lobsters (to be sure, many ... The swap between fresh water and salt water, acid and alkali must be part of the evolutionary history of most fish. What scares ... The swap between fresh water and salt water, acid and alkali must be part of the evolutionary history of most fish. ... Well Frank if you do not like the salt to fresh switch for Sticklebacks how about the salt to fresh water switch for sharks ...
Freshwater research challenges sought for the FRESH CDT In September 2017, the NERC Centre for Doctoral Training in Freshwater ... Lets talk about water Subscribe × Subscribe to Lets talk about water Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and ... FRESH CDT student Franek Bydalek presented his research with talk titled, The role of constructed wetlands in tackling water ... WIRC water colloquium 18/02/2021 The WIRC water colloquia series returned on the 18th February 2021. This colloquium showcased ...
It would be easy to say that the difference between salt water and fresh water is all about whether there is salt in the water ... Salinity, or the density of salt, is much higher in salt water, but fresh water is not ... Difference Between Salt Water and Fresh Water Salt Water vs Fresh Water ... Salt Water vs Fresh Water. It would be easy to say that the difference between salt water and fresh water is all about whether ...
Air conditioning Boilers Boilers & DHW Building management systems Commissioning Cooling Data Centres Design DHW and Water ... When it comes to correct application of LZC in a heating or hot water system, it is utterly essential to appreciate that SBEM ... From a pragmatic viewpoint it is still anticipated that heating and hot water will represent the predominant use of regulated ... For example, condensing heating appliances will be required in most instances, but in the retrofit commercial water-heating ...
Add Air Wick Scented Oil Refills, Fresh Waters to Favorites.. Add Air Wick Scented Oil Refills, Fresh Waters to Favorites. ... Air Wick Scented Oil Refills, Fresh Linen - 2 Each Add Air Wick Scented Oil Refills, Fresh Linen to Favorites.. Add Air Wick ... Air Wick Scented Oil Refills, Fresh Linen - 2 Each Add Air Wick Scented Oil Refills, Fresh Linen to Favorites.. Add Air Wick ... Air Wick Scented Oil Refills, Fresh Linen - 2 Each Add Air Wick Scented Oil Refills, Fresh Linen to Favorites.. Add Air Wick ...
  • While reverse osmosis is the most common method of removing salt from seawater, wastewater, and brackish water, it is not capable of treating highly concentrated salt solutions. (phys.org)
  • When used normally is harmless for seawater and brackish water fish as well as coral and invertebrates. (fishkeeper.co.uk)
  • O ut of all the water on Earth, saline water in oceans, seas and saline groundwater make up about 97% of it. (answerbag.com)
  • This creates a solid barrier between the well and any fresh groundwater sources. (capp.ca)
  • Reducing the volume of surface water and fresh groundwater used in natural gas and oil development is a priority. (capp.ca)
  • Using low quality or otherwise unusable sources of water such as saline groundwater. (capp.ca)
  • CAPP and its member companies have developed and adhere to best practices and guiding principles concerning groundwater testing, fresh water use, fluid handling, wellbore construction, chemical additive use and induced seismicity. (capp.ca)
  • The analysis is based on the assessment of over 4,000 surface water bodies and 514 groundwater bodies over the period 2016-2021. (epa.ie)
  • It is based on information collected over a 6-year period from 2016 to 2021 under Ireland's national water quality monitoring programme from over 4,000 surface water bodies and 514 groundwater bodies. (epa.ie)
  • As part of a pilot study in 2020, the FFI team took water samples along the Dubo and Dugbe rivers, flowing through Sapo National Park and the Grand-Kru River Gee Proposed Protected Area in southeast Liberia. (mongabay.com)
  • The WRC has brought together local producers, community leaders, Governments and businesses to build water resilience since its founding in 2020. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • The 2020 EPA Bathing Water report sets out bathing water quality at Ireland's beaches during the summer 2020 bathing water season. (epa.ie)
  • The FRESH CDT is now advertising another batch of exciting projects in freshwater bioscience and sustainability for an October 2020 start. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Interviews will likely take place at the Water Research Institute, Cardiff University (tbc) in w/c 17 February 2020. (bath.ac.uk)
  • According to UN-Water, the world must quadruple its efforts to reach global targets for water and sanitation by 2030. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • Per Water.org, a donation of $60 can help provide 4.75 people (a statistically average family) with the means to get water or sanitation solution in their home. (oxifresh.com)
  • Water.org estimates that Oxi Fresh's donations have helped more than 3,600 people get reliable access to sanitation and safe water. (oxifresh.com)
  • To learn more about Water.org's work to break down barriers between people and access to safe water and sanitation, visit water.org . (oxifresh.com)
  • Water.org is an international nonprofit organization that has positively transformed more than 13 million lives around the world with access to safe water and sanitation. (oxifresh.com)
  • Municipal water is filtered to remove turbidity, disinfected (typically with chlorine, ozone, or ultraviolet light), filtered once more (often very fine filtration to remove cryptosporidium cysts, which resist disinfection), and disinfected once more (with chlorine or chloramine) to protect the water while its in the distribution system. (practical-sailor.com)
  • However, since we are storing the water on our boats, this process of secondary disinfection becomes our responsibility. (practical-sailor.com)
  • In the U.S., the chlorine residual from municipal waters secondary disinfection is usually enough to keep tank water clean. (practical-sailor.com)
  • Most available desalition technologies at present rely on reverse osmosis to push seawater through a thin plastic membrane to make fresh water, but its yield is little and the process expensive as well as energy intensive. (sentinelassam.com)
  • The fish, seawater-native threespine stickleback, in just decades experienced changes in both their genes and visible external traits such as eyes, shape, color, bone size and body armor when they adapted to survive in fresh water. (joannenova.com.au)
  • The interface between freshwater and oceans captures the vital development and environmental challenges of our time. (siwi.org)
  • For instance, water use efficiency and minimized water pollution are necessary to achieve healthy oceans and a progress towards a sustainable development in a climate changing future. (siwi.org)
  • Freshwaters contain higher silicon levels than oceans, and marine diatoms have more efficient uptake kinetics and less silicon in their cell walls, making them better competitors for a scarce resource. (lu.se)
  • O ne of my work projects is actually all about chlorine in water. (answerbag.com)
  • It may even come out someday that there are carcinogens in the chlorine, both the drinking water supplies and swimming pools. (answerbag.com)
  • Chlorine is a leading cause of death for freshwater pump impellers. (practical-sailor.com)
  • Excess chlorine also shortens the life of tap-water polishing filters (which we will discuss in the next installment of this series). (practical-sailor.com)
  • Finally, excess chlorine has negative health effects and is limited to 4 ppm by U.S. drinking water standards (0.5-1 ppm is normal). (practical-sailor.com)
  • Aqua Fresh offers alternative replacement refrigerator filters to reduce sediment and chlorine taste water from you name-brand refrigerator. (freshwatersystems.com)
  • Meeting the same specifications, these Aqua Fresh replacement water filters can reduce chlorine taste and order, sediment, and turbidity, while saving you up to 20% off the name-brand option. (freshwatersystems.com)
  • I have soft water here in NYC and my tap always measures no chlorine . (fishlore.com)
  • C omes straight from Lake Michigan, and some of the cleanest water on earth. (answerbag.com)
  • Ireland has some of the best water quality and cleanest beaches in Europe. (epa.ie)
  • Several concrete mixtures were prepared by using tap water and stone slurry wastewater at different w/c ratios and replacement ratios of wastewater in substitute of tap water. (scirp.org)
  • Joulani, N. and Awad, R. (2019) The Effect of Using Wastewater from Stone Industry in Replacement of Fresh Water on the Properties of Concrete. (scirp.org)
  • Therefore, the stone cutting industry is considered to be the largest consumer of fresh water and producer of wastewater and solid waste in the West Bank, and of air-born pollutants. (scirp.org)
  • This research is an attempt to partially solve the problem of stone slurry waste by using the wastewater as partial replacement of fresh water in production of ready mix concrete. (scirp.org)
  • Using amounts of the stone slurry wastewater in concrete production may save large amounts of fresh water annually, for domestic use in Palestine. (scirp.org)
  • In an age of increasing human population and scarce water recourses, coupled with environmental impact of wastewater resulting from different industrial activities, many researchers all over the world started to think of partial replacement of tap water by treated wastewater for production of ready mix concrete production. (scirp.org)
  • The Water Resilience Coalition (WRC) of the United Nations Global Compact has mobilized its members to contribute to the Water Fund of São Paulo, recognizing that acting together creates greater and more sustainable impact. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • The drinking water crisis on the planet with its six-billion (and growing) population, is assuming serious dimensions with fears that in the 21st century - tions will go to war over fresh water like some tions did over oil in the earlier century. (sentinelassam.com)
  • Only 2 percent of its water is fresh, trapped in its glaciers, rivers and lakes. (sentinelassam.com)
  • Everyone dealing with sustainability deals with water," Van der Weken said. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • In September 2017, the NERC Centre for Doctoral Training in Freshwater Biosciences and Sustainability (FRESH CDT) was awarded (£2M) to the GW4 Water Security Alliance, together with its partners BGS and CEH. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Spring means asparagus is in season, but before you grab a bunch to roast, sautee, or shave into salads or stir-fry , our friends at Chow remind us that storing your asparagus upright in about an inch of water will keep them fresh in the fridge longer than leaving them in the crisper. (lifehacker.com)
  • Once you get your asparagus home, if you're not going to eat it in a day or two, cut about a half-inch off of the bottom and store the stalks upright in about an inch of water at the bottom of the glass. (lifehacker.com)
  • If the water gets cloudy, change it out, and your asparagus will stay fresh for up to a week. (lifehacker.com)
  • I t's so fresh, the bacteria take a shower before jumping in. (answerbag.com)
  • The water must be reasonably free of physical dirt, since the bleach will expend itself oxidizing organic materials, and bacteria will hide within the dirt. (practical-sailor.com)
  • Bacteria, often from sewage spills, can pollute fresh or salt water. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The EPA Water Programme works with others to monitor and assess the health of our rivers, lakes, estuaries and coastal waters under the Water Framework Directive. (epa.ie)
  • This report sets out the latest assessment of the health of Ireland's rivers, lakes, canals, groundwaters, transitional (estuaries) and coastal waters. (epa.ie)
  • This report provides summary information on the status of our rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal waters (known collectively as surface waters) and groundwaters. (epa.ie)
  • The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has today published the report Water Quality in 2022 - An Indicators Report which provides an update on the water quality of Ireland's rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal, and groundwaters for 2022. (epa.ie)
  • In fresh water, such as lakes and ponds, harmful blooms are most commonly caused by cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae), which are a kind of single-celled organism called phytoplankton . (cdc.gov)
  • We propose pioneering work on freshwater RQs, performed in broadly distributes lakes in Sweden, that will improve and possibly alter the perceived role of freshwaters in the global carbon cycle. (lu.se)
  • Integrated basin-scale management from source waters to coastal and estuarine and marine systems is essential to ensure that a full range of fresh and saltwater resources are provisioned and sustained. (siwi.org)
  • Tropiclean's Natural Oral Care Water Additive is developed to provide dogs and cats with essential daily oral hygiene care. (caninetrainingsystems.com)
  • Tropiclean's Natural Oral Care Water Additive promotes healthy gums and eliminates bad breath for up to 12 hours. (caninetrainingsystems.com)
  • In the first part of our three-part series covering onboard water quality, we discussed protecting the tank with basic filtration and securing the tank vent. (practical-sailor.com)
  • One FREE Institut Esthederm Cellular Water Mist 30ml per order. (escentual.com)
  • Back in the tank it went after a nearly full water change and over 100ml of carbon. (fishlore.com)
  • Hot brines used in traditional membrane distillation systems are highly corrosive, making the heat exchangers and other system elements expensive, and limiting water recovery (a). (phys.org)
  • The research, which involves the development of a carbon nanotube-based heating element that will vastly improve the recovery of fresh water during membrane distillation processes, was published today in the journal Nature Nanotechnology . (phys.org)
  • One way to treat brine is membrane distillation, a thermal desalination technology in which heat drives water vapor across a membrane, allowing further water recovery while the salt stays behind. (phys.org)
  • Unfortunately, current membrane distillation processes rely on a constant feed of hot brine over the membrane, which limits water recovery across the membrane to about 6 percent. (phys.org)
  • The goal of generating positive impact for water - a central goal of the Coalition - depends on collective action," said Renata Van der Weken, Supply Environment & Energy Director at Ambev, Brazil. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • Ireland's climate means that there is usually enough water to meet the needs of its people and the surrounding environment. (epa.ie)
  • Our results support the intriguing hypothesis that most stickleback evolution in fresh water occurs within the first few decades after invasion of a novel environment. (joannenova.com.au)
  • I'd focus in maintaining tip top water quality to provide my fish the best environment for recovery and I would feed them nutritious food to help them get the required nutrients to keep them healthy while they fight through this. (fishlore.com)
  • Adult females release eggs which are evacuated in the feces of the definitive host and later hatch as larvae in a freshwater environment (about 7 days later). (medscape.com)
  • Wells are subject to strict rules to protect freshwater resources and prevent water contamination. (capp.ca)
  • Like all Canadians, the natural gas and oil industry values fresh water and the industry works to prevent water contamination. (capp.ca)
  • Runoff within mining and in situ operating areas is intercepted and diverted away from undisturbed areas to prevent contamination of creeks, ponds, bogs and other surface water features. (capp.ca)
  • sanitising is treating water with an agent that is designed to prevent cross-contamination during washing. (palintest.com)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Fresh water. (who.int)
  • The system will alleviate water shortages in arid regions and reduce concerns surrounding high salinity brine disposal, such as hydraulic fracturing waste. (phys.org)
  • Such solutions, called brines, are generated in massive amounts during reverse osmosis (as waste products) and hydraulic fracturing (as produced water), and must be disposed of properly to avoid environmental damage. (phys.org)
  • In the case of hydraulic fracturing , produced water is often disposed of underground in injection wells, but some studies suggest this practice may result in an increase in local earthquakes. (phys.org)
  • Water is the lifeblood of human and ecological communities, and is particularly vulnerable to pollution from extractive activities. (skytruth.org)
  • Freshwater pollution / text, Caroline Wheal. (who.int)
  • In 2017, her company, a subsidiary of WRC member ABInBev, partnered with The Nature Conservancy to support the São Paulo Water Fund. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • The WIRC water colloquia series returned on the 18th February 2021. (bath.ac.uk)
  • To continue scaling up, in 2022, the WRC curated a list of 100 priority water-stressed basins. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • The EPA has today published the Bathing Water Quality in Ireland report for 2022 which shows that water quality at the majority of Ireland's bathing waters meets or exceeds the appropriate standards. (epa.ie)
  • Freshwater ecosystems supply drinking water, support inland fisheries, offer flood control and deliver nutrients to forests. (mongabay.com)
  • The Ecology and utilization of African inland waters / edited by J. J. Symoens, Mary Burgis, John J. Gaudet. (who.int)
  • This work raises the possibility that much of the evolution that occurs when oceanic stickleback invade fresh water takes place in fewer than 50 generations after colonization, rather than gradually over thousands of years. (joannenova.com.au)
  • There are about 26,000 freshwater species currently on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and about a quarter of those species are classified as data deficient, where there is not enough information to assess a species' conservation status, Darwall said. (mongabay.com)
  • The Water Fund in São Paulo is a strategy that helps create ideal conditions to support conservation actions and implement nature-based solutions on the ground," said Henrique Bracale, Coordinator of the São Paulo Water Fund at The Nature Conservancy, Brazil. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • The Fresh Water Fishing Hall of Fame is a non-profit 501(c)3 organization dedicated to the education and conservation of fresh water sportfishing throughout the world. (freshwater-fishing.org)
  • Fifty years later and the fish in those ponds are now freshwater fish. (joannenova.com.au)
  • The earthquake - 9.2 on the Richter scale and second highest ever recorded - caused geological uplift that captured marine fish in newly formed freshwater ponds on islands in Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska south of Anchorage. (joannenova.com.au)
  • Uplift during the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake abruptly created freshwater ponds on multiple islands in Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska. (joannenova.com.au)
  • Through the use of Natural Green Tea, Citric Acid and other natural ingredients, a tablespoonful to your dog's water (approximately 16 fluid ounces) every time you refill it will promote healthy gums and eliminate bad breath for up to 12 hours. (caninetrainingsystems.com)
  • Freshwater ecosystems are understudied and underfunded, resulting in a lack of information on what species are at risk of extinction. (mongabay.com)
  • The eBioAtlas program, a partnership between the IUCN and NatureMetrics, uses environmental DNA gathered from freshwater samples to figure out what freshwater ecosystems to conserve and what species to prioritize. (mongabay.com)
  • The new data will provide up-to-date information for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and empower local communities to maintain ownership of their land and water resources. (mongabay.com)
  • If you don't know where something is, it's very hard to conserve it," said Will Darwall, the head of freshwater biodiversity in the IUCN Global Species Program. (mongabay.com)
  • Freshwater species are a good marker of how well an ecosystem is doing, especially during these times of changing climate," he added. (mongabay.com)
  • The team took water samples from 20 sites and detected DNA from nearly 170 species, including the endangered pygmy hippo. (mongabay.com)
  • Stickleback, the researchers concluded, have evolved as a species over the long haul with regions of their genomes alternatively honed for either freshwater or marine life. (joannenova.com.au)
  • Stickleback fish can adapt on this time scale because the species as a whole has evolved, over millions of years, a genetic bag of tricks for invading and surviving in new freshwater habitats. (joannenova.com.au)
  • Our data implicate natural selection in phenotypic diversification and support the hypothesis that the metapopulation organization of this species helps maintain a large pool of genetic variation that can be redeployed rapidly when oceanic stickleback colonize freshwater environments. (joannenova.com.au)
  • Target species are fairly limited up stream in our pristine fresh water rivers and fish sizes are on the small side. (fishingcairns.com.au)
  • Fresh live prawns would have to be the number one bait for all species. (fishingcairns.com.au)
  • One of them (SIT1-2) is present in multiple copies in most species and is known to actively import silicon.These SITs have evolved under strong purifying selection that was relaxed in freshwater taxa. (lu.se)
  • Benthic macroinvertebrate presence significantly increased the TCS levels from 0.013 ± 0.007 µg/L to 0.613 ± 0.030 µg/L in the overlying water through biological activity, posing a potential additional risk to pelagic species, but it did not result in a significant reduction of the sediment concentration. (bvsalud.org)
  • This policy brief, prepared by SIWI and Alliance for Global Water Adaptation (AGWA), is a contribution to the discussions and activities at UNFCCC meetings in order to improve understanding and application of gender and water knowledge in the climate arena. (siwi.org)
  • LAKEWOOD, Colo. - October marks the third year that Oxi Fresh Carpet Cleaning, one of the fastest growing carpet cleaning franchises in the world, has been proudly supporting Water.org's efforts to end the global water crisis. (oxifresh.com)
  • You might not know it, but there's a global water crisis. (oxifresh.com)
  • Founded by Gary White and Matt Damon, Water.org pioneers market-driven financial solutions to the global water crisis. (oxifresh.com)
  • Global fresh fruit and vegetable exports were $106bn in 2016 and the trend is for increased growth. (palintest.com)
  • Global freshwater quality : a first assessment / edited by Michel Meybeck, Deborah V. Chapman, Richard Helmer. (who.int)
  • The new system reduced the heat needed in the process and increased the yield of recovered water to close to 100 percent. (phys.org)
  • The team's analysis showed that the lake was calm and likely had fresh water, containing key biological elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. (phys.org)
  • We included the oligochaete freshwater worm Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri to evaluate the interaction between sediment-associated TCS and sediment-dwelling organisms, including potential loss of TCS from the sediment due to biological activity and bioaccumulation . (bvsalud.org)
  • This is appropriate for sanitizing and for dirty water, but it is overkill for routine treatment of good quality water, at least 10 times more than is typically used in tap water. (practical-sailor.com)
  • 79% of bathing sites have 'Excellent' water quality while 97% meet the minimum standard. (epa.ie)
  • The real secret is to use bait that is very fresh, not necessarily alive, but the best quality that can be found. (fishingcairns.com.au)
  • Data are available as PDF documents in the EU reports on bathing water quality (3) or as Excel tables in the EEA database BATHSEA_EN_V2 (12,13). (who.int)
  • Accurate information on the number of bathing waters and compliant bathing waters are available at EU level in the EU's annual report on bathing water quality (3). (who.int)
  • Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. (bvsalud.org)
  • Increasing energy efficiency in bitumen extraction and processing means less water is needed to make hot water (mining operations) or steam (in situ developments). (capp.ca)
  • Oxi Fresh really does its best to make the world a greener, healthier place. (oxifresh.com)
  • Nitrogen and phosphorus make algae grow and can turn water green. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An initiative of The Nature Conservancy, the Water Fund helps with watershed protection and reforestation to provide fresh, clean water for millions of people. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • Downstream are 12 million people living in and near São Paulo enjoying the benefits of a healthy watershed and a fresh, clean water supply. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • Fresh, clean water is vital for all life on earth. (epa.ie)
  • It's easy to forget that clean, accessible water isn't a guarantee. (oxifresh.com)
  • By scheduling online, you can help Water.org bring clean water to the millions of people around the world in need. (oxifresh.com)
  • We all need clean water. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For treating water that is clear and chlorinated at the tap, 1 teaspoon of bleach per 50 gallons will provide a 2 ppm booster, the very most that should be needed. (practical-sailor.com)
  • The GW4 WSA's annual conference is next week and full details of the programme have been released.This year's conference will provide attendees with opportunities to lean about the breadth of research taking place across the GW4, share water-related research experiences. (bath.ac.uk)
  • From a pragmatic viewpoint it is still anticipated that heating and hot water will represent the predominant use of regulated energy in most building types, and a greater proportion of this energy will need to come from a low carbon or renewable source. (modbs.co.uk)
  • The water discharged from the spring was dated using carbon dating. (seaxp.com)
  • Carbon and Purigen and Chemiblue were recommended along with massive water changes . (fishlore.com)
  • Respiration in freshwater and marine systems represents some of the largest carbon fluxes on Earth. (lu.se)
  • Dispense one pump of new LES BEIGES WATER-FRESH COMPLEXION TOUCH onto the back of the hand and tap the product using the fingertips to melt the micro-droplet pigments. (chanel.com)
  • This beautiful Blue Jay enjoyed a fresh drink of water then went to the feeder tray and grabbed a peanut in the shell and flew off to a nearby branch to eat, then flew back for another one, then back to the fountain for a drink, then back for more peanuts. (feederwatch.org)
  • How interesting it would be to swim though salt water then fresh water and back to salt water again. (seaxp.com)
  • Scientists rely on data gathered three to four decades ago while working in a race against time to figure out what freshwater ecosystems to conserve and what wildlife to prioritize. (mongabay.com)
  • They're forced to rely on contaminated sources and have to spend an enormous amount of time collecting all that water. (oxifresh.com)
  • I have added a new tank mate which would account for this but I am going to do a partial water change now. (fishlore.com)
  • Protecting water resources is a priority for Canada's natural gas and oil industry. (capp.ca)
  • FRESH CDT student Franek Bydalek presented his research with talk titled, 'The role of constructed wetlands in tackling water. (bath.ac.uk)
  • In the short time since the earthquake, the phenotypes of resident freshwater threespine stickleback fish on at least three of these islands have changed dramatically from their oceanic ancestors. (joannenova.com.au)
  • Mud herring and hardyheads (small fish) are also caught by similar methods, the mud herring becoming more prolific in the warm muddy waters on the flats during the summer months. (fishingcairns.com.au)
  • Mammals (including pets, livestock, and wildlife) can be poisoned by swimming in or drinking water containing cyanotoxins or eating cyanobacteria, fish, or other animals containing cyanotoxins. (cdc.gov)
  • Dogs are especially at risk of poisoning because of their behaviors, which can include swimming in contaminated waters, drinking contaminated water, eating dead fish and other animals found near a bloom, and licking algae or scum from their fur after swimming. (cdc.gov)
  • Larvae in freshwater are eaten by tiny crustaceans (also known as copepods, tiny crustaceans of the genus Cyclops ), which are in turn eaten by other animals, such as freshwater fish, eels, frogs, birds, and reptiles. (medscape.com)
  • Humans become infected when they ingest third-stage larvae in raw or undercooked flesh of freshwater fish or other definitive hosts or when they drink, work in, or bathe in freshwater contaminated with larvae or infected copepods. (medscape.com)
  • Engineers at the University of California, Riverside have developed a new way to recover almost 100 percent of the water from highly concentrated salt solutions. (phys.org)
  • In an ideal scenario, thermal desalination would allow the recovery of all the water from brine, leaving behind a tiny amount of a solid, crystalline salt that could be used or disposed of," Jassby said. (phys.org)
  • Let me know what your experience was like diving fresh and salt water on the same dive! (seaxp.com)
  • Leaves skin plump and delivers a fresh complexion that appears well-rested. (chanel.com)
  • If plumped, healthy and revitalised skin is what you seek, the Institut Esthederm Cellular Water Fresh Moisturising Gel will quench all skin types lacking freshness and hydration without leaving it appearing shiny. (escentual.com)
  • For starters, it utilises an Aquaporin Patent technology that will help your skin to remain as hydrated as can be thanks to its ability to encourage water flow within epidermal cells, while a Skin Notox technology will help to protect your skin against the damaging effects of free radicals, pollutants and UV rays. (escentual.com)
  • The Fresh Moisturising Gel won't just help to reveal a younger complexion, it will also leave your skin delicately scented with a gorgeous floral-aquatic fragrance. (escentual.com)
  • Influence of freshwater trematodes in eastern Puerto Rico on schistosomiasis skin test results. (cdc.gov)
  • In rare instances, larvae can directly penetrate the skin of individuals who are exposed to contaminated food sources or freshwater. (medscape.com)
  • Extensive ditch systems intercept surface runoff and diverts this water safely around mining and in situ operations. (capp.ca)
  • Tighter compliance targets and a gradual shift towards 2019 'nearly zero energy' buildings will affect the specification of heating and hot-water systems, says Jeff House of Baxi Commercial Division. (modbs.co.uk)
  • For example, we often see specifications for solar-thermal systems with huge arrays of collectors, yet only a moderate demand for hot water within the building, or CHP plant sized to cover way more than the building base thermal load. (modbs.co.uk)
  • Based on the number of rooms we've cleaned over the years," said Rob White, the Director of Cleaning Systems, "I'd estimate that we've helped conserve about 35 million gallons of water. (oxifresh.com)
  • For example, condensing heating appliances will be required in most instances, but in the retrofit commercial water-heating sector there is some room for manoeuvre. (modbs.co.uk)
  • The team at the University of Illinois experimented with various thin-film membranes and found that MoS2 showed the greatest efficiency, filtering through up to 70 percent more water than graphene membranes. (sentinelassam.com)
  • We're aware that the water falling right there, to our side, benefits millions of companies, millions of people and inhabitants. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • Some 1,500 people are directly involved in on-the-ground projects of the São Paulo Water Fund, and 11,000 more are potential beneficiaries who live and work upstream in the watershed supported by its projects. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • Around the world, more than two billion people live in water-stressed regions due to environmental pressures that have intensified over time. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • These donations go towards Water.org's efforts to help the 800+ million people around the world who don't have reliable access to safe water sources. (oxifresh.com)
  • Over 844 million people can't get access to safe water. (oxifresh.com)
  • Water.org is helping those people, and I really am pleased that we've been able to help support them these last three years. (oxifresh.com)
  • These data support the hypothesis that the freshwater populations evolved repeatedly from their oceanic ancestors in the past half-century, and have differentiated to nearly the same extent as populations that were founded thousands of years ago. (joannenova.com.au)
  • Population genomic analyses of these data support the hypothesis of recent and repeated, independent colonization of freshwater habitats by oceanic ancestors. (joannenova.com.au)
  • Singularly, oyster reef chains can act as porous dams that may facilitate nearshore accumulation of fresh or low-salinity water, in turn creating intermediate salinities that support oyster growth and estuarine conditions. (usgs.gov)
  • It is exciting to think that billions of years ago, ancient microbial life may have existed in the lake 's calm waters, converting a rich array of elements into energy. (phys.org)
  • Whereas there have been no United States research on gripe water particularly, one examine from India revealed it's the most typical non-nutritive substance administered to infants within the first 12 months of life. (sfr-fresh.com)
  • Drinking water aquifers are generally much shallower, between 18 and 150 meters from the surface. (capp.ca)
  • It's hard to see what lies beneath the surface of the turbid, fast-moving river, but the importance of that water is clear. (mongabay.com)
  • In previous studies, Professor Gupta and the MSL team have found evidence of water on Mars' surface in other rocks such as conglomerates. (phys.org)
  • Household bleach (unscented) typically contains 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite, which breaks down in water into hypochlorous acid and several other useful sterilizing agents. (practical-sailor.com)
  • A typical watershed restoration project might entail planting and safeguarding forests that naturally filter water and protect streamflow. (unglobalcompact.org)
  • An analysis by the European Foundation Centre revealed that European foundations give only about 3% of environmental funding to freshwater ecosystems. (mongabay.com)
  • Learn more about illnesses and symptoms caused by cyanobacteria in fresh water. (cdc.gov)
  • Wells are designed and constructed to ensure underground water sources are protected. (capp.ca)
  • Aqua Fresh refrigerator filters offer alternative options to name-brand water filters. (freshwatersystems.com)
  • Aqua Fresh water filters are designed to fit your name brand appliance, just like an OEM filter would. (freshwatersystems.com)
  • Since many aspects of climate impacts are uncertain, integrated freshwater-marine solutions should be robust (spanning a wide range of potential futures) and flexible (capable to responding to unexpected or alternative futures). (siwi.org)
  • We compiled SITs from 37 diatom genomes to characterize shifts in selection following gene duplications and marine- freshwater transitions. (lu.se)