AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
ParisEuropeAfrica, NorthernIncidenceTravelPhylogenyPopulation SurveillanceSeasonsRisk FactorsNorthern IrelandMandatory ReportingMediterranean RegionPrevalenceSequence Analysis, DNAGermanyCommunicable Diseases, EmergingBelgiumAlgeriaGeographyGenotypeDNA, BacterialProspective StudiesAnti-Bacterial AgentsPolymerase Chain ReactionGenetic VariationBacterial Typing TechniquesQuestionnairesElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldDisease NotificationSerotypingTime FactorsMolecular EpidemiologyRetrospective StudiesArchaeologyBooks, IllustratedMolecular TypingRadiometric DatingInfant, NewbornCross-Cultural ComparisonSalmonella Food Poisoningbeta-LactamasesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSpainMolecular Sequence DataCluster AnalysisAge DistributionAge FactorsItalyCross-Sectional StudiesRegistriesCohort StudiesReunionCheeseAndorraFood MicrobiologyFoxesSex FactorsHistory, 18th CenturyArtDrug Resistance, BacterialPhysician's Practice PatternsMicrosporeaTreatment OutcomeFood ContaminationTunisiaHistory, 19th CenturyEncephalopathy, Bovine SpongiformInfluenza, HumanThelazioideaNational Health ProgramsGreat BritainEuropean UnionInsectivoraVitisChannel IslandsSalmonella entericaNeanderthalsMeat ProductsIslamCrassostreaComorosPerinatologyData CollectionAgaricusHepatitis E virusGeography, MedicalWineAmberFecesHepatitis EIrelandChromogenic CompoundsPaintingsOccupational ExposureCase-Control StudiesPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthHospitals, UniversityHistory, AncientHistory, 20th CenturyDrug UtilizationSpirurida InfectionsDeveloped CountriesFrench GuianaSeroepidemiologic StudiesSocioeconomic FactorsPregnancyInternationalityRooming-in CareDigestive System NeoplasmsRisk AssessmentCannibalismSex DistributionMartiniqueGenealogy and HeraldrySensitivity and SpecificityInternational Educational ExchangeEnterobacteriaceae InfectionsHealth SurveysCattleToxoplasmosis, CongenitalHospitalsMortalityOccupationsHaresBivalviaDiphtheriaFood IndustryFossilsFoodborne DiseasesMortality, PrematureContact TracingReagent Kits, DiagnosticLegionnaires' DiseaseSentinel SurveillanceBunyaviridae InfectionsRegression (Psychology)ShellfishLogistic ModelsBotulismDog DiseasesHealth Care CostsGuideline AdherenceHospitalizationRadioactive WasteMultivariate AnalysisParamphistomatidaeDNA FingerprintingPortugalGuadeloupeArgasShellfish PoisoningOstreidaeRNA, Ribosomal, 16SEnterobacteriaceaeGastroenteritisCattle DiseasesCost of IllnessHomeopathyDNA, Ribosomal SpacerPandemicsBase SequenceDuodenoscopesOccupational DiseasesSenegalLymphangitisAesculusInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeCitrullusRandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueSuntanRespiratory Tract InfectionsRickettsiaFollow-Up StudiesMass ScreeningClimatic ProcessesZoonosesRiversDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialAgricultural Workers' DiseasesHolidaysPopulation DynamicsMinisatellite RepeatsOstreaHealth Care SurveysInternational CooperationDisease ReservoirsEscherichia coli InfectionsVaccinationPost-Exposure ProphylaxisEcosystemOdds RatioPublic Health SurveillanceMaliPoultryHemolytic-Uremic SyndromeCaliciviridae InfectionsEntomologyPractice Guidelines as TopicMicrosatellite RepeatsSmokingAnaplasmataceae
ParisEuropeAfrica, Northern: The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO; and TUNISIA. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the Sahara. It is often referred to as North Africa, French-speaking Africa, or the Maghreb. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p856)Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Travel: Aspects of health and disease related to travel.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Population Surveillance: Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.Seasons: Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Northern IrelandMandatory Reporting: A legal requirement that designated types of information acquired by professionals or institutions in the course of their work be reported to appropriate authorities.Mediterranean Region: The MEDITERRANEAN SEA, the MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS, and the countries bordering on the sea collectively.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.GermanyCommunicable Diseases, Emerging: Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.BelgiumAlgeria: A country in northern Africa bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between MOROCCO and TUNISIA. Its capital is Algiers.Geography: The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Anti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Genetic Variation: Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.Bacterial Typing Techniques: Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field: Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.Disease Notification: Notification or reporting by a physician or other health care provider of the occurrence of specified contagious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV infections to designated public health agencies. The United States system of reporting notifiable diseases evolved from the Quarantine Act of 1878, which authorized the US Public Health Service to collect morbidity data on cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever; each state in the US has its own list of notifiable diseases and depends largely on reporting by the individual health care provider. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Serotyping: Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Molecular Epidemiology: The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Archaeology: The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.Books, Illustrated: Books containing photographs, prints, drawings, portraits, plates, diagrams, facsimiles, maps, tables, or other representations or systematic arrangement of data designed to elucidate or decorate its contents. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p114)Molecular Typing: Using MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques, such as DNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; and DNA FINGERPRINTING, to identify, classify, and compare organisms and their subtypes.Radiometric Dating: Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Cross-Cultural Comparison: Comparison of various psychological, sociological, or cultural factors in order to assess the similarities or diversities occurring in two or more different cultures or societies.Salmonella Food Poisoning: Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.beta-Lactamases: Enzymes found in many bacteria which catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring. Well known antibiotics destroyed by these enzymes are penicillins and cephalosporins.Microbial Sensitivity Tests: Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).Spain: Parliamentary democracy located between France on the northeast and Portugual on the west and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Cluster Analysis: A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.Age Distribution: The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.ItalyCross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Registries: The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Reunion: One of the Indian Ocean Islands, east of Madagascar. Its capital is Saint-Denis. It was discovered in 1507 by the Portuguese and claimed by France in 1638. It was first colonized in 1662 as Isle de Bourbon but renamed Reunion in 1793. In 1946 it was made an overseas department of France. The name commemorates the reunion of the revolutionaries from Marseilles with the National Guard in Paris in 1792. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1011; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p454; French Embassy)Cheese: A nutritious food consisting primarily of the curd or the semisolid substance formed when milk coagulates.Andorra: A principality in the Pyrenees between France and Spain. Its capital is also called Andorra. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p50)Food Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.History, 18th Century: Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.ArtDrug Resistance, Bacterial: The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Physician's Practice Patterns: Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.Microsporea: A class of parasitic FUNGI. Characteristics include spores that are spherical, oval, or tubular in shape and sporoplasm which is uninuclear or binuclear.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Food Contamination: The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.Tunisia: A country in northern Africa between ALGERIA and LIBYA. Its capital is Tunis.History, 19th Century: Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform: A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cattle associated with abnormal prion proteins in the brain. Affected animals develop excitability and salivation followed by ATAXIA. This disorder has been associated with consumption of SCRAPIE infected ruminant derived protein. This condition may be transmitted to humans, where it is referred to as variant or new variant CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME. (Vet Rec 1998 Jul 25;143(41):101-5)Influenza, Human: An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.Thelazioidea: A superfamily of parasitic nematodes which includes three genera: Thelazia, Spirocerca, and GNATHOSTOMA. Only Thelazia and GNATHOSTOMA occasionally occur in man.National Health Programs: Components of a national health care system which administer specific services, e.g., national health insurance.Great BritainEuropean Union: The collective designation of three organizations with common membership: the European Economic Community (Common Market), the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). It was known as the European Community until 1994. It is primarily an economic union with the principal objectives of free movement of goods, capital, and labor. Professional services, social, medical and paramedical, are subsumed under labor. The constituent countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. (The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997, p842)Insectivora: An order of insect eating MAMMALS including MOLES; SHREWS; HEDGEHOGS and tenrecs.Vitis: A plant genus in the family VITACEAE, order Rhamnales, subclass Rosidae. It is a woody vine cultivated worldwide. It is best known for grapes, the edible fruit and used to make WINE and raisins.Channel Islands: A group of four British islands and several islets in the English Channel off the coast of France. They are known to have been occupied prehistorically. They were a part of Normandy in 933 but were united to the British crown at the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066. Guernsey and Jersey originated noted breeds of cattle. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p242)Salmonella enterica: A subgenus of Salmonella containing several medically important serotypes. The habitat for the majority of strains is warm-blooded animals.Neanderthals: Common name for an extinct species of the Homo genus. Fossils have been found in Europe and Asia. Genetic evidence suggests that limited interbreeding with modern HUMANS (Homo sapiens) took place.Meat Products: Articles of food which are derived by a process of manufacture from any portion of carcasses of any animal used for food (e.g., head cheese, sausage, scrapple).Islam: A monotheistic religion promulgated by the Prophet Mohammed with Allah as the deity.Crassostrea: A genus of oysters in the family OSTREIDAE, class BIVALVIA.Comoros: A group of Indian Ocean Islands, the islands of Great Comoro, Anjouan, Mayotte, and Moheli, lying between northeast Mozambique and northwest Madagascar. The capital is Moroni. In 1914 they became a colony attached to Madagascar administratively and were made a French overseas territory in 1947. Except for Mayotte which remained French, Comoros became an independent republic in 1975. Comoros represents the Arabic qamar, moon, said by some scholars to be linked with the mystical Mountains of the Moon said to be somewhere in equatorial Africa. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p283 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p122)Perinatology: The branch of medicine dealing with the fetus and infant during the perinatal period. The perinatal period begins with the twenty-eighth week of gestation and ends twenty-eight days after birth. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Data Collection: Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.Agaricus: A basidiomycetous fungal genus of the family Agaricaceae, order Agaricales, which includes the field mushroom (A. campestris) and the commercial mushroom (A. bisporus).Hepatitis E virus: A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).Geography, Medical: The area of medicine concerned with the effects on health and disease due to geographic factors such as CLIMATE, environmental conditions, and geographic location.Wine: Fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products used as a beverage.Amber: A yellowish fossil resin, the gum of several species of coniferous trees, found in the alluvial deposits of northeastern Germany. It is used in molecular biology in the analysis of organic matter fossilized in amber.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Hepatitis E: Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.IrelandChromogenic Compounds: Colorless, endogenous or exogenous pigment precursors that may be transformed by biological mechanisms into colored compounds; used in biochemical assays and in diagnosis as indicators, especially in the form of enzyme substrates. Synonym: chromogens (not to be confused with pigment-synthesizing bacteria also called chromogens).PaintingsOccupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length: Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.Hospitals, University: Hospitals maintained by a university for the teaching of medical students, postgraduate training programs, and clinical research.History, Ancient: The period of history before 500 of the common era.History, 20th Century: Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.Drug Utilization: The utilization of drugs as reported in individual hospital studies, FDA studies, marketing, or consumption, etc. This includes drug stockpiling, and patient drug profiles.Spirurida Infections: Infections with nematodes of the order SPIRURIDA.Developed Countries: Countries that have reached a level of economic achievement through an increase of production, per capita income and consumption, and utilization of natural and human resources.French Guiana: A French overseas department on the northeast coast of South America. Its capital is Cayenne. It was first settled by the French in 1604. Early development was hindered because of the presence of a penal colony. The name of the country and the capital are variants of Guyana, possibly from the native Indian Guarani guai (born) + ana (kin), implying a united and interrelated race of people. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p418 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p195)Seroepidemiologic Studies: EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Internationality: The quality or state of relating to or affecting two or more nations. (After Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)Rooming-in Care: Care of the newborn infant in a crib near the mother's bed, instead of in a nursery, during the hospital stay.Digestive System Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Cannibalism: Eating other individuals of one's own species.Sex Distribution: The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Martinique: An island in the Lesser Antilles, one of the Windward Islands. Its capital is Fort-de-France. It was discovered by Columbus in 1502 and from its settlement in 1635 by the French it passed into and out of Dutch and British hands. It was made a French overseas department in 1946. One account of the name tells of native women on the shore calling "Madinina" as Columbus approached the island. The meaning was never discovered but was entered on early charts as Martinique, influenced by the name of St. Martin. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p734 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p339)Genealogy and HeraldrySensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)International Educational Exchange: The exchange of students or professional personnel between countries done under the auspices of an organization for the purpose of further education.Enterobacteriaceae Infections: Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.Health Surveys: A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Toxoplasmosis, Congenital: Prenatal protozoal infection with TOXOPLASMA gondii which is associated with injury to the developing fetal nervous system. The severity of this condition is related to the stage of pregnancy during which the infection occurs; first trimester infections are associated with a greater degree of neurologic dysfunction. Clinical features include HYDROCEPHALUS; MICROCEPHALY; deafness; cerebral calcifications; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. Signs of a systemic infection may also be present at birth, including fever, rash, and hepatosplenomegaly. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p735)Hospitals: Institutions with an organized medical staff which provide medical care to patients.Mortality: All deaths reported in a given population.Occupations: Crafts, trades, professions, or other means of earning a living.Hares: The genus Lepus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Hares are born above ground, fully furred, and with their eyes and ears open. In contrast with RABBITS, hares have 24 chromosome pairs.Bivalvia: A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of mussels; clams; OYSTERS; COCKLES; and SCALLOPS. They are characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical hinged shell and a muscular foot used for burrowing and anchoring.Diphtheria: A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.Food Industry: The industry concerned with processing, preparing, preserving, distributing, and serving of foods and beverages.Fossils: Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.Foodborne Diseases: Acute illnesses, usually affecting the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, brought on by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Most of these diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be foodborne. Sometimes the diseases are caused by harmful toxins from the microbes or other chemicals present in the food. Especially in the latter case, the condition is often called food poisoning.Mortality, Premature: Deaths that occur before LIFE EXPECTANCY is reached within a given population.Contact Tracing: Identification of those persons (or animals) who have had such an association with an infected person, animal, or contaminated environment as to have had the opportunity to acquire the infection. Contact tracing is a generally accepted method for the control of sexually transmitted diseases.Reagent Kits, Diagnostic: Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.Legionnaires' Disease: An acute, sometimes fatal, pneumonia-like bacterial infection characterized by high fever, malaise, muscle aches, respiratory disorders and headache. It is named for an outbreak at the 1976 Philadelphia convention of the American Legion.Sentinel Surveillance: Monitoring of rate of occurrence of specific conditions to assess the stability or change in health levels of a population. It is also the study of disease rates in a specific cohort such as in a geographic area or population subgroup to estimate trends in a larger population. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Bunyaviridae Infections: Virus diseases caused by the BUNYAVIRIDAE.Regression (Psychology): A return to earlier, especially to infantile, patterns of thought or behavior, or stage of functioning, e.g., feelings of helplessness and dependency in a patient with a serious physical illness. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994).Shellfish: Aquatic invertebrates belonging to the phylum MOLLUSCA or the subphylum CRUSTACEA, and used as food.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Botulism: A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)Dog Diseases: Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.Health Care Costs: The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. It is differentiated from HEALTH EXPENDITURES, which refers to the amount of money paid for the services, and from fees, which refers to the amount charged, regardless of cost.Guideline Adherence: Conformity in fulfilling or following official, recognized, or institutional requirements, guidelines, recommendations, protocols, pathways, or other standards.Hospitalization: The confinement of a patient in a hospital.Radioactive Waste: Liquid, solid, or gaseous waste resulting from mining of radioactive ore, production of reactor fuel materials, reactor operation, processing of irradiated reactor fuels, and related operations, and from use of radioactive materials in research, industry, and medicine. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Paramphistomatidae: A family of flukes of the class Trematoda found in the intestinal tract and liver of animals and man. Some of the genera are Homalagaster, Gastrodiscus, Paramphistomum, Watsonius, Nilocotyle, Gigantocotyle, Gastrothylax, Macropotrema, Ceylonocotyle, Zygocotyle, Cotylophoron, and Calicophoron.DNA Fingerprinting: A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.PortugalGuadeloupe: The name of two islands of the West Indies, separated by a narrow channel. Their capital is Basse-Terre. They were discovered by Columbus in 1493, occupied by the French in 1635, held by the British at various times between 1759 and 1813, transferred to Sweden in 1813, and restored to France in 1816. Its status was changed from colony to a French overseas department in 1946. Columbus named it in honor of the monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe in Spain. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p470 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p221)Argas: A genus of softbacked TICKS in the family ARGASIDAE. Most infect birds or bats but a few parasitize terrestrial mammals.Shellfish Poisoning: Poisoning from toxins present in bivalve mollusks that have been ingested. Four distinct types of shellfish poisoning are recognized based on the toxin involved.Ostreidae: A family of marine mollusks in the class BIVALVIA, commonly known as oysters. They have a rough irregular shell closed by a single adductor muscle.RNA, Ribosomal, 16S: Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.Enterobacteriaceae: A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.Gastroenteritis: INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.Cattle Diseases: Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.Cost of Illness: The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.Homeopathy: A system of therapeutics founded by Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843), based on the Law of Similars where "like cures like". Diseases are treated by highly diluted substances that cause, in healthy persons, symptoms like those of the disease to be treated.DNA, Ribosomal Spacer: The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) and between the tandemly repeated units of rDNA (external transcribed spacers and nontranscribed spacers).Pandemics: Epidemics of infectious disease that have spread to many countries, often more than one continent, and usually affecting a large number of people.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Duodenoscopes: Endoscopes for examining the interior of the duodenum.Occupational Diseases: Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.Senegal: A republic in western Africa, southwest of MAURITANIA and east of MALI. Its capital is Dakar.LymphangitisAesculus: A plant genus of the family HIPPOCASTANACEAE (or SAPINDACEAE by some) that contains antimicrobial protein 1 and escin. A. hippocastanum is used in folk medicine for treating chronic venous insufficiency.Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype: A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.Citrullus: A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE known for the edible fruit.Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique: Technique that utilizes low-stringency polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with single primers of arbitrary sequence to generate strain-specific arrays of anonymous DNA fragments. RAPD technique may be used to determine taxonomic identity, assess kinship relationships, analyze mixed genome samples, and create specific probes.Suntan: An induced skin pigment (MELANIN) darkening after exposure to SUNLIGHT or ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. The degree of tanning depends on the intensity and duration of UV exposure, and genetic factors.Respiratory Tract Infections: Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.Rickettsia: A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria often surrounded by a protein microcapsular layer and slime layer. The natural cycle of its organisms generally involves a vertebrate and an invertebrate host. Species of the genus are the etiological agents of human diseases, such as typhus.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Mass Screening: Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.Climatic Processes: Characteristic events occurring in the ATMOSPHERE during the interactions and transformation of various atmospheric components and conditions.Zoonoses: Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.Rivers: Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial: The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Agricultural Workers' Diseases: Diseases in persons engaged in cultivating and tilling soil, growing plants, harvesting crops, raising livestock, or otherwise engaged in husbandry and farming. The diseases are not restricted to farmers in the sense of those who perform conventional farm chores: the heading applies also to those engaged in the individual activities named above, as in those only gathering harvest or in those only dusting crops.Holidays: Days commemorating events. Holidays also include vacation periods.Population Dynamics: The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.Minisatellite Repeats: Tandem arrays of moderately repetitive, short (10-60 bases) DNA sequences which are found dispersed throughout the GENOME, at the ends of chromosomes (TELOMERES), and clustered near telomeres. Their degree of repetition is two to several hundred at each locus. Loci number in the thousands but each locus shows a distinctive repeat unit.Ostrea: A genus of oysters in the family OSTREIDAE, which includes the edible true oyster, Ostrea edulis.Health Care Surveys: Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.International Cooperation: The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.Disease Reservoirs: Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.Escherichia coli Infections: Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.Vaccination: Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: The prevention of infection or disease following exposure to a pathogen.Ecosystem: A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Public Health Surveillance: The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data with the purpose of preventing or controlling disease or injury, or of identifying unusual events of public health importance, followed by the dissemination and use of information for public health action. (From Am J Prev Med 2011;41(6):636)Mali: A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.Poultry: Domesticated birds raised for food. It typically includes CHICKENS; TURKEYS, DUCKS; GEESE; and others.Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome: A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.Caliciviridae Infections: Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.Entomology: A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.Practice Guidelines as Topic: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.Microsatellite Repeats: A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Anaplasmataceae: A family of bacteria which inhabit RED BLOOD CELLS and cause several animal diseases.

An overview of the evolution of overproduced esterases in the mosquito Culex pipiens. (1/5239)

Insecticide resistance genes have developed in a wide variety of insects in response to heavy chemical application. Few of these examples of adaptation in response to rapid environmental change have been studied both at the population level and at the gene level. One of these is the evolution of the overproduced esterases that are involved in resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the mosquito Culex pipiens. At the gene level, two genetic mechanisms are involved in esterase overproduction, namely gene amplification and gene regulation. At the population level, the co-occurrence of the same amplified allele in distinct geographic areas is best explained by the importance of passive transportation at the worldwide scale. The long-term monitoring of a population of mosquitoes in southern France has enabled a detailed study to be made of the evolution of resistance genes on a local scale, and has shown that a resistance gene with a lower cost has replaced a former resistance allele with a higher cost.  (+info)

Is hospital care involved in inequalities in coronary heart disease mortality? Results from the French WHO-MONICA Project in men aged 30-64. (2/5239)

OBJECTIVES: The goal of the study was to assess whether possible disparities in coronary heart disease (CHD) management between occupational categories (OC) in men might be observed and contribute to the increasing inequalities in CHD morbidity and mortality reported in France. METHODS: The data from the three registers of the French MONICA Collaborative Centres (MCC-Lille, MCC-Strasbourg, and MCC-Toulouse) were analysed during two period: 1985-87 and 1989-91. Acute myocardial infarctions and coronary deaths concerning men, aged 30-64 years, were included. Non-professionally active and retired men were excluded. Results were adjusted for age and MCC, using a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 605 and 695 events were analysed for 1985-87 and 1989-91, respectively. Out of hospital cardiac arrests, with or without cardiac resuscitation, and 28 day case fatality rates were lower among upper executives in both periods. A coronarography before the acute event had been performed more frequently in men of this category and the proportion of events that could be hospitalised was higher among them. In both periods, the management of acute myocardial infarctions in hospital and prescriptions on discharge were similar among occupational categories. CONCLUSIONS: For patients who could be admitted to hospital, the management was found to be similar among OCs, as was the 28 day case fatality rate among the hospitalised patients. In contrast, lower prognosis and higher probability of being hospitalised after the event among some categories suggest that pre-hospital care and the patient's conditions before the event are the primary factors involved.  (+info)

Incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi's sarcoma in the Aquitaine Cohort, France, 1988-1996. Groupe d'Epidemiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine. (3/5239)

OBJECTIVE: To assess secular trends of the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) between 1988 and 1996 in the Aquitaine Cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1)-infected subjects (southwestern France). METHODS: Adults of both sexes of all HIV-transmission categories were included. We distinguished between incident and prevalent KS and in case of multiple acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining illnesses between initial or subsequent KS. Only incident KS were considered for annual incidence rate calculation. RESULTS: Overall, 21.2% (356/1678) of homosexuals and 1.9% (58/3030) of the other patients were diagnosed with KS over time. Although there was a sharp decrease in 1996 for initial KS, the annual incidence rate of KS was stable over time in the overall cohort as well as in homosexuals (4.3% per year on the average for KS as an initial AIDS-defining illness and 2.1% per year for subsequent KS in homosexuals). The median CD4+ cell count at the time of diagnosis of KS was 56 per mm3 (78 for initial KS, 14 for subsequent KS), with no significant variation over time. CONCLUSION: In the Aquitaine Cohort, the annual incidence of KS has remained stable between 1988 and 1995 with a recent decline in 1996, only for initial KS, while case management of HIV-infected subjects changed drastically.  (+info)

The PRIME study: classical risk factors do not explain the severalfold differences in risk of coronary heart disease between France and Northern Ireland. Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction. (4/5239)

We are studying the contribution of risk and genetic factors, and their interaction, to the development of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and other cardiovascular endpoints. The study is prospective, based in three centres in the south, east and north of France and in Northern Ireland. A total of 10,592 men aged 50-59 years were recruited from 1991 to 1993, and examined for evidence of IHD at baseline. Subjects are followed annually by questionnaire. Clinical information is validated from hospital and GP records. Demographic characteristics were similar in all four centres. Body mass index was highest in Strasbourg (mean 27.4 kg/m2 vs. 26.3 kg/m2 in Toulouse and Belfast), but total cholesterol, triglyceride and fibrinogen were highest in Belfast. In Belfast, 6.1% reported having had a coronary angiogram, compared to 3.0% in Toulouse. Conversely, 13.8% in Toulouse reported taking lipid-lowering drugs vs. 1.6% in Belfast. As predicted, a history of myocardial infarction (MI) was highest in Belfast (6.1%) and lowest in Toulouse (1.2%). Some 7.1% of Belfast men reported a medical diagnosis of angina vs. 1.5% in Toulouse. Subjects showing evidence of pre-existing IHD will be studied prospectively but treated in the analysis as an additional variable. These results provide a measure of reassurance that these cohorts are representative of the communities from which they are drawn and provide a reliable baseline for prospective evaluation and cross-sectional comparisons. The levels of the classical risk factors found in this study, particularly when examined in combination, as multiple logistic functions based on previous British studies, are very similar between centres and cannot explain the large differences in the incidence of IHD which exist. Additional risk factors may help explain, at least in part, the major differences in incidence of IHD between these study centres.  (+info)

Incidence of rectosigmoid adenomatous polyps in subjects without prior colorectal adenoma or cancer: a prospective cohort study. (5/5239)

BACKGROUND: Subjects without known colorectal adenomas or cancer constitute a large majority of the population where 85% of all cases of colorectal cancer are thought to occur. Consequently these people should be considered for screening to decrease mortality from colorectal cancer in the general population. AIMS: To estimate the incidence rate of rectosigmoid adenomas in these subjects. METHODS: Subjects without adenomas or cancer at a previous examination which had visualised the rectosigmoid underwent a fibre endoscopy every three years. Endoscopic data and population characteristics were collected prospectively. RESULTS: A total of 450 subjects fulfilled the selection criteria; 287 (64%) underwent at least two examinations, and 163 had three or more. At the second examination, with a mean delay of 39 months, the incidence rate of rectosigmoid adenomas was 1.50% per patient year. The rate was 1.75% per patient year (95% CI 0.80-3.33) at the third endoscopy with an additional mean delay of 38 months. The cumulative incidence rate at six years was 7.3% (95% CI 4.3-10.3), representing a mean of 1.2% per patient year. This rate increased with age and was higher for men than for women after age adjustment (p< 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rates are very low compared with those of patients with prior adenomas. These results should be considered in establishing rectosigmoid adenoma screening strategies.  (+info)

Evidence of improving survival of patients with rectal cancer in france: a population based study. (6/5239)

BACKGROUND: Over the past 20 years there have been many changes in the management of rectal cancer. Their impact on the overall population is not well known. AIMS: To determine trends in management and prognosis of rectal cancer in two French regions. SUBJECTS: 1978 patients with a rectal carcinoma diagnosed between 1978 and 1993. METHODS: Time trends in treatment, stage at diagnosis, operative mortality, and survival were studied on a four year basis. A non-conditional logistic regression was performed to obtain an odds ratio for each period adjusted for the other variables. To estimate the independent effect of the period a multivariate relative survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: Over the 16 year period resection rates increased from 66.0% to 80.1%; the increase was particularly noticeable for sphincter saving procedures (+30.6% per four years, p=0.03). The percentage of patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy increased from 24.0% to 40.0% (p=0.02). The proportion of patients with Dukes' type A cancer increased from 17. 7% to 30.6% with a corresponding decrease in those with more advanced disease. Operative mortality decreased by 31.1% per four years (p=0.03). All these improvements have resulted in a dramatic increase in relative survival (from 35.4% for the 1978-1981 period to 57.0% for the 1985-1989 period). CONCLUSIONS: Substantial advances in the management of rectal cancer have been achieved, but there is evidence that further improvements can be made in order to increase survival.  (+info)

Faecal occult blood screening and reduction of colorectal cancer mortality: a case-control study. (7/5239)

To estimate the efficacy of screening on colorectal cancer mortality, a population-based case-control study was conducted in well-defined areas of Burgundy (France). Screening by faecal occult blood test prior to diagnosis in cases born between 1914 and 1943 and who died of colorectal cancer diagnosed in 1988-94 was compared with screening in controls matched with the case for age, sex and place of residence. Cases were less likely to have been screened than controls, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48-0.94]. The negative overall association did not differ by gender or by anatomical location. The odds ratio of death from colorectal cancer was 0.64 (95% CI 0.46-0.91) for those screened within 3 years of case diagnosis compared with those not screened. It was 1.14 (95% CI 0.50-2.63) for those screened more than 3 years before case diagnosis. There was a negative association between the risk of death from colorectal cancer and the number of participations in the screening campaigns. The inverse association between screening for faecal occult blood and fatal colorectal cancer suggests that screening can reduce colorectal cancer mortality. This report further supports recommendations for population-based mass screening with faecal occult blood test.  (+info)

Risk factors for the occurrence of sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infections in children in France: a national case-control study. (8/5239)

To determine risk factors associated with the occurrence of sporadic cases of Salmonella enteritidis infections among children in France, we conducted a matched case-control study. Cases were identified between 1 March and 30 September 1995. One hundred and five pairs of cases and controls matched for age and place of residence were interviewed. In the 1-5 years age group, illness was associated with the consumption of raw eggs or undercooked egg-containing foods (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.8). Storing eggs more than 2 weeks after purchase was associated with Salmonella enteritidis infection (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4-10.2), particularly during the summer period (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.3-26.8). Cases were more likely to report a case of diarrhoea in the household 10-3 days before the onset of symptoms, particularly in the age group < or = 1 year (P = 0.01). This study confirms the link between eggs and the occurrence of sporadic cases of Salmonella enteritidis among children, highlights the potential role of prolonged egg storage and underlines the role of person-to-person transmission in infants.  (+info)

TheMusic.Today - Music album The Best of Brittany Asmr by Brittany AsmrTheMusic.Today - Music album The Best of Brittany Asmr by Brittany Asmr
Here you can find track previews from release The Best of Brittany Asmr by artist Brittany Asmr. This album was released 31.03.2015 and containing 16 tracks. Listen online Brittany Asmr - The Best of Brittany Asmr previews (30 seconds length) is free and dont require registration. For buy album Brittany Asmr - The Best of Brittany Asmr please follow to music stores. If we have other releases and albums Brittany Asmr you can see it on this page. All music content by Brittany Asmr is presented for reference only. ...
Dogue de Bordeaux - WikipediaDogue de Bordeaux - Wikipedia
The Dogue de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Mastiff, French Mastiff or Bordeauxdog is a large French Mastiff breed-and one of the most ancient French dog breeds. A typical brachycephalic molossoid type breed, the Bordeaux is a very powerful dog, with a very muscular body. This brawny breed has been put to work in many different capacities, from pulling carts and hauling heavy objects, to guarding flocks and, historically, the castles of the European elite. The Dogue de Bordeaux was known in France as early as the fourteenth century, particularly in southern France in the region around Bordeaux. Hence, the city lent its name to this large dog. A uniform breed type of the Bordeaux Dog did not exist before about 1920. The French placed emphasis on keeping the old breeding line pure. Black masks were considered an indication of the crossing in of the English Mastiff. As an important indication of purity of the breed, attention was paid to the self colored (pink) nose, lighter eye color (dark amber), and red ...
Leech management before application on patient: a nationwide survey of practices in French university hospitals | Antimicrobial...Leech management before application on patient: a nationwide survey of practices in French university hospitals | Antimicrobial...
Leech therapy in plastic/reconstructive microsurgery significantly improves a successful outcome of flap salvage but the drawback is a risk of severe infection that results in a drop of the salvage rates from 70-80% to below 30%. We report the results of a national survey conducted in all the French university hospitals to assess the current extent of use of leech for medical practices in the hospital and to investigate maintenance, delivery practices and prevention of the risk of infection. Data concerning conditions of storage, leech external decontamination, microbiological controls, mode of delivery and antibiotic prophylaxis were collected from all the French university hospitals in practicing leech therapy, on the basis of a standardized questionnaire. Twenty-eight of the 32 centers contacted filled the questionnaire, among which 23 practiced leech therapy, mostly with a centralized storage in the pharmacy; 39.1% of the centers declared to perform leech external decontamination and only 2 centers
Bordeaux wine - WikipediaBordeaux wine - Wikipedia
The wine was introduced to the Bordeaux region by the Romans, probably in the mid-1st century, to provide wine for local consumption, and wine production has been continuous in the region since then.[3] In the 12th century, the popularity of Bordeaux wines in England increased dramatically following the marriage of Henry Plantagenet and Eleanor of Aquitaine.[4] The marriage made the province of Aquitaine part of the Angevin Empire, and thenceforth the wine of Bordeaux was exported to England.[4] At this time, Graves was the principal wine region of Bordeaux, and the principal style was clairet. This accounts for the ubiquity of claret in England, though this is now used to refer to all red wine rather than the clairet style specifically. The export of Bordeaux was interrupted by the outbreak of the Hundred Years War between France and England in 1337.[4] By the end of the conflict in 1453 France had repossessed the province, thus taking control of wine production in the region.[4] As part of ...
Hotel de Bordeaux - Prices & Reviews (Toulouse, France) - TripAdvisorHotel de Bordeaux - Prices & Reviews (Toulouse, France) - TripAdvisor
Book Hotel de Bordeaux, Toulouse on TripAdvisor: See 18 traveler reviews, 41 candid photos, and great deals for Hotel de Bordeaux, ranked #69 of 130 hotels in Toulouse and rated 3.5 of 5 at TripAdvisor.
Just out | Insects in the Red Middle Permian of Southern France: first Protanisoptera (Odonatoptera) and new Caloneurodea ...Just out | Insects in the Red Middle Permian of Southern France: first Protanisoptera (Odonatoptera) and new Caloneurodea ...
The Permian odonatopteran Protanisoptera are discovered for the first time in the playa palaeoenvironments of Gonfaron and Lodève (Southern France). The new genus and species Bansheepteron gonfaronensis is erected and described on the basis of a distal half of a wing from the Guadalupian of Gonfaron. It is compared with all the previously described protanisopterans. Another specimen consisting of a basal half of a wing from the Guadalupian of Lodève, attributed to cf. Bansheepteron gonfaronensis, is also described. Furthermore, three new panorthopteran Caloneurodea are described from the Early to Middle Permian (Cisuralian and Guadalupian) of Southern France, viz. Gallogramma galadrieli gen. et sp. nov. from the le Luc Basin (Gonfaron, Var), and Paleuthygramma cf. acuta Carpenter, 1943 from the Lodève Basin (Hérault). These new fossils increase the palaeodiversity of the Caloneurodea, an interesting clade which now gathers six species in the red Permian of the Southern France, making it one ...
Brittany | Open Access articles | Open Access journals | Conference Proceedings | Editors | Authors | Reviewers | scientific...Brittany | Open Access articles | Open Access journals | Conference Proceedings | Editors | Authors | Reviewers | scientific...
Brittany has the same education system as the rest of France. As in other French regions, formal education before the 19th century was the preserve of the elite. Before 1460, Brittany did not have a university, and Breton students had to go to Angers, Poitiers or Caen. The University of Nantes was founded under the duke Francis II, who wanted to affirm the Breton independence from France. All the traditional disciplines were taught there: arts, theology, law and medicine. During the 17th century, it had around 1,500 students. It declined during the 18th century, mostly because Nantes was flourishing with the Atlantic slave trade and paid no attention to its cultural institutions. A mayor eventually asked the university to be relocated to Rennes, more devoted to culture and science, and the faculties progressively moved there after 1735.[40] The transfer was interrupted by the French Revolution, and all the French universities were dissolved in 1793. Napoleon reorganised the French education ...
Brittany - WikipediaBrittany - Wikipedia
Brittany has the same education system as the rest of France. As in other French regions, formal education before the 19th century was the preserve of the elite. Before 1460, Brittany did not have a university, and Breton students had to go to Angers, Poitiers or Caen. The University of Nantes was founded under the duke Francis II, who wanted to affirm the Breton independence from France. All the traditional disciplines were taught there: arts, theology, law and medicine. During the 17th century, it had around 1,500 students. It declined during the 18th century, mostly because Nantes was flourishing with the Atlantic slave trade and paid no attention to its cultural institutions. A mayor eventually asked the university to be relocated to Rennes, more devoted to culture and science, and the faculties progressively moved there after 1735.[41] The transfer was interrupted by the French Revolution, and all the French universities were dissolved in 1793.. Napoleon reorganised the French education ...
Brittany Puppies Pictures Images | Puppies Dog Breed Information Image PicturesBrittany Puppies Pictures Images | Puppies Dog Breed Information Image Pictures
Country of Origin: The Brittany (also accepted as the American Brittany, Brittany Spaniel, and Epagneul Breton) originated in the Brittany arena of France in the 1800s from crosses of the English Setter and baby Spaniels. It is a accomplished bird hunter with accomplished scenting abilities. The Brittanys pointing and retrieving abilities and top akin of accordance fabricated it accepted a allotment of hunters, decidedly poachers. Brittanys were aboriginal alien to North America in the 1920s and accustomed by the American Kennel Club in 1934 (the registered name was afflicted from Brittany Spaniel to Brittany in 1982, out of acceptance of its added setter-like hunting style), but took a while to bolt on acceptance due to the absence of a continued tail. The Brittany has boring risen in acceptance due to its baby size, amenable personality, and accomplished hunting skills. It is today the a lot of accepted arrow in acreage trials ...
London Ontario Maternity Photographer | Brittany » London Ontario Photographer, Daria Keenan Photography, London Ontario Family...London Ontario Maternity Photographer | Brittany » London Ontario Photographer, Daria Keenan Photography, London Ontario Family...
London Ontario Maternity Photographer | BrittanyI finally got this gorgeous woman behind my camera and boy was it magical!! Brittany is the talent behind Make-up By Brittany. I am just in awe of her work! I absolutely love her instagram feed! Its full of goodness.Brittany and Kennedy were…
London Ontario Maternity Photographer | Brittany » London Ontario Photographer, Daria Keenan Photography, London Ontario Family...London Ontario Maternity Photographer | Brittany » London Ontario Photographer, Daria Keenan Photography, London Ontario Family...
London Ontario Maternity Photographer | BrittanyI finally got this gorgeous woman behind my camera and boy was it magical!! Brittany is the talent behind Make-up By Brittany. I am just in awe of her work! I absolutely love her instagram feed! Its full of goodness.Brittany and Kennedy were…
Brittany Travel Information - South Africa - Brittany City GuideBrittany Travel Information - South Africa - Brittany City Guide
Brittany Travel information - information on currency, travel health and safety in Brittany, social customs and business etiquette, communications, duty-free, entry and visa requirements and other essential travel information.
Brittany Wright | The Chopra CenterBrittany Wright | The Chopra Center
Brittany is a dietitian, writer, and adventurer. With experience in wellness consulting, acute care nutrition, as well as geriatric and end-of-life nourishment, Brittany has honed a simple food philosophy for all:Eat real food, slowly, with good people.Outside of the nine to five job as a registered dietitian, Brittany enjoys exploring the mountains of Colorado with her husky puppy, Nieve. Follow their adventures here.
Toulouse has been selected to host the 6th Global Forum on Tuberculosis Vaccines | IPBSToulouse has been selected to host the 6th Global Forum on Tuberculosis Vaccines | IPBS
Toulouse has been selected to host the 6th Global Forum on Tuberculosis Vaccines from April 20 to 22, 2021, following the French application carried by our laboratory and very strongly supported by the CNRS (French National Center for Scientific Research).. In line with with Frances policy for a global health, this Forum will take place under the High Patronage of the President of the Republic and the patronage of the Ministry for Solidarity and Health, and benefits from the support of the Ministry for Higher Education, Research and Innovation. Toulouses application for France has received the support of a large number of partners, including local institutions (Occitania Region, Department of Haute-Garonne, Toulouse-Métropole, Toulouse Federal University, Toulouse University Hospital), research institutions and partnerships (CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur, AVIESAN, ANRS, EDCTP), learning societies, foundations and private entities.. The Forum represents a unique opportunity for France to ...
Video France 3 : Frédérique Vidal in Bordeaux Neurocampus - May 2017Video France 3 : Frédérique Vidal in Bordeaux Neurocampus - May 2017
Nouvelle ministre de lEnseignement supérieur, de la recherche et de linnovation, Frédérique Vidal consacre ce lundi sa première visite à lUniversité de Bordeaux.. + Bordeaux Neurocampus news: Madame Frédérique Vidal sur le site Bordeaux Neurocampus - La nouvelle ministre de lenseignement supérieure et de la recherche rencontre les neuroscientifiques. ...
Difference between revisions of Toulouse - WikitravelDifference between revisions of "Toulouse" - Wikitravel
Toulouse [http://www.toulouse-tourisme.com/] is a city in southwestern France, near the Pyrenees, in the Midi-Pyrenees region, half way between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Toulouse is the fourth largest city in France, after Paris, Marseille and Lyon. thumb|300px|right|Capitole, Toulouse, France
Dogue De Bordeaux | Dogue de Bordeaux Pet Insurance & Dog Breed InfoDogue De Bordeaux | Dogue de Bordeaux Pet Insurance & Dog Breed Info
Is the Dogue De Bordeaux the right dog breed for you? Information on the Dogue De Bordeaux including breed size, colours, temperament, health, pet insurance & more.
Bordeaux, France - November Weather - Holiday WeatherBordeaux, France - November Weather - Holiday Weather
Live weather in Bordeaux. The latest and todays weather in Bordeaux, France updated regularly. Weather map for resorts in Bordeaux.
5 Reasons You Have to Visit Bordeaux | Bishops Cellar5 Reasons You Have to Visit Bordeaux | Bishop's Cellar
Put Bordeaux at the top of your travel bucket list, here are our top 5 reasons to travel to Bordeaux. THE WINE!For centuries France has been a hub of viticulture and wine winemaking. Bordeaux is the largest wine making region in France, both in terms of volume and quality. It is most famous for its prestigious… Read More». ...
Practical information to go on holidays to Bordeaux with Travel by Air FrancePractical information to go on holidays to Bordeaux with Travel by Air France
All about visiting Bordeaux: when to go to Bordeaux, weather, transportation, administrative formalities… Your trip to Bordeaux with Air France.
Hotel ibis Bordeaux Centre Gare Saint Jean Euratlantique Deals & Reviews (Bordeaux, FRA) | WotifHotel ibis Bordeaux Centre Gare Saint Jean Euratlantique Deals & Reviews (Bordeaux, FRA) | Wotif
Hotel ibis Bordeaux Centre Gare Saint Jean Euratlantique, Bordeaux: Family hotel with free WiFi and a bar/lounge. Located near the boardwalk.
Where is Bordeaux, France? / Bordeaux, Aquitaine Map - WorldAtlas.comWhere is Bordeaux, France? / Bordeaux, Aquitaine Map - WorldAtlas.com
Bordeaux is a city found in Aquitaine, France. It is located 44.84 latitude and -0.58 longitude and it is situated at 20 meters above sea level
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The dog in world: Brittany (Spaniel) dogsThe dog in world: Brittany (Spaniel) dogs
The Brittany is an athletic and sturdily built dog of medium size. The ears are short and triangular, lying flat against the skull, which is rounded and medium length. The face is intelligent and expressive, with eyes of various shades of amber or hazel. The dogs frame is strong and leggy, with the dogs height at its shoulders equal to its length. The tail is naturally short but is generally docked to a length of about four inches. The coat is dense and either flat or wavy with some feathering on the ears and legs. The dogs coloring is typically orange and white or liver and white in clear or roan patterns, with some dogs displaying a tri-color pattern; freckles are also common. This breed is still commonly referred to as the Brittany Spaniel, despite the AKCs official removal of "Spaniel" from the breed name in 1982 (read more about this in the history section ...
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Dr. Ray McKinley and Dr. Brittany McKinley-Holloway provide their patients exceptional cosmetic dentistry, dental implants, general dentistry and so much more. They are happy to be able to provide laughing gas or oral conscious sedation to the patients that request it for their dental procedures. Patients come from all over Macomb County and the surrounding areas including the communities of Shelby Charter Township, Macomb, Washington Township, Sterling Heights, Utica, Clinton Township and Lakeside, MI, and zip codes 48038, 48042, 48044, 48315 and 48316.. Copyright 2020 © Ray McKinley DDS & Brittany McKinley-Holloway DDS. All rights reserved. , Privacy Policy ...
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Difference between revisions of Toulouse - WikitravelDifference between revisions of "Toulouse" - Wikitravel
Toulouse [http://www.toulouse-tourisme.com/] is a city in southwestern France, near the Pyrenees, in the Midi-Pyrenees region, half way between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Toulouse is the fourth largest city in France, after Paris, Marseille and Lyon.
Behaviour of micropollutants in soils amended with river cleaning out sludge in northern FranceBehaviour of micropollutants in soils amended with river cleaning out sludge in northern France
Gandais, V.; Marchandise, P., 1992: Behaviour of micropollutants in soils amended with river cleaning out sludge in northern France
Promoting French Health Independence | EdelmanPromoting French Health Independence | Edelman
In the face of Covid-19 Upsa is one of the major pharmaceutical companies producing paracetamol in France (brand name: Efferalgan, Dafalgan). Paracetamol is recognized as the main over-the-counter treatment for symptoms of Covid-19, that is being recommended by the French health authorities.
NanoSystems for Analytics research group at Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Bordeaux - Plasmonic response and SERS...NanoSystems for Analytics research group at Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Bordeaux - Plasmonic response and SERS...
Groupe de recherche NanoSystèmes Analytiques de lInstitut des Sciences Moléculaires (Université de Bordeaux) - Cellule de Transfert Technologique BrivaTech NanoSystems for Analytics research group at Institute of Molecular Sciences (University of Bordeaux) - BrivaTech technology transfer unit
NanoSystems for Analytics research group at Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Bordeaux - Sealing hyaluronic acid microgel...NanoSystems for Analytics research group at Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Bordeaux - Sealing hyaluronic acid microgel...
Groupe de recherche NanoSystèmes Analytiques de lInstitut des Sciences Moléculaires (Université de Bordeaux) - Cellule de Transfert Technologique BrivaTech NanoSystems for Analytics research group at Institute of Molecular Sciences (University of Bordeaux) - BrivaTech technology transfer unit
Assessing the economic costs of an outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease on Brittany: A dynamic computable general equilibrium...Assessing the economic costs of an outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease on Brittany: A dynamic computable general equilibrium...
Epizootic outbreaks such as Foot and Mouth Disease are of great concern for agriculture. In this paper, we quantify the potential dynamic impacts of such a disease on Brittany, a French region with a strong livestock sector. We develop a dynamic computable general equilibrium model with rational expectations that allows us to measure the impacts of culling infected animals and restraining movements of live animals on the livestock sectors and downstream food industries. Our results show that economic losses are spread over many periods even with a one-time shock. The impacts on the primary sectors and downstream food sectors do not move in parallel. The food industries suffer most in the first period while the negative impacts on agriculture are mostly observed thereafter. Credit and wage constraints result in an estimated aggregated loss multiplied by more than 700 per cent. These results challenge the concept of a simple management policy for this disease. Gohin, Alexandre; Rault, Arnaud
Download French Women DonT Get Fat: The Secret Of Eating For Pleasure 2007Download French Women Don'T Get Fat: The Secret Of Eating For Pleasure 2007
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Members continue to share stories of how Heritage Health is helping them live better lives. For instance, building relationships with plan members and helping them live better lives is what Heritage Health case managers do. Sometimes that relationship becomes the most important one in that plan members life. For example, "Brittany," a Heritage Health plan case manager, developed a strong relationship with "Alma," an elderly member with complex health conditions. Brittany and Alma talked frequently about Almas physical and behavioral health needs. One day, without warning, Almas phone was disconnected. Having real concerns for her friends safety and well-being, Brittany asked one of the plans member connections staff to check on Alma. The staff member found Alma to be disoriented and confused. She was able to quickly assess the situation and followed up immediately with Brittany. Fortunately, Alma had a doctors appointment later that day. Brittany contacted the doctors office and spoke ...
Dogue de Bordeaux Breed StandardDogue de Bordeaux Breed Standard
Dogue de Bordeaux Standard to be used for the AKC, Reformulated from the FCI format inta format acceptable to the AKC. Approved by DDBSA Membership September 2005. General Appearance. The Dogue de Bordeaux is one of the most ancient French breeds. He is a typical brachycephalic molossoid type. He is a very powerful dog, with a very muscular body yet retaining a harmonious general outline. Built rather close to the ground, the distance from the deepest point of the chest to the ground is slightly less than the depth of the chest. A massive head with proper proportions and features is an important characteristic of the breed. His serious expression, stocky and athletic build, and self assurance make him very imposing. Bitches have identical characteristics, but less prominent.. Size, Proportion, Substance. The length of the body, measured from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock, is greater than the height at the withers, in the proportion of 11/10. The depth of the chest is more ...
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Uncertain of how, but determined, Brittany and Gamma prayed together for her salvation. But Brittany doubted herself, so she asked her pastor to please come by the hospital and confirm. He came and found Gamma awake. Her daughter, Aileen, was kissing her. Gamma said, "Quit kissing me and let the preacher do his job." Johnny and she talked about the conversation shed just had with Brittany and there was no doubt that she received the Lord. She was sure. Brittany was assured. He asked her if she understood. "Yes." He asked if she had any questions. "No." So Pastor Johnny prayed then stepped out. He said to Brittany, "She put me on the spot to Do my job but YOUD already done it!" ...
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FEATURE | Bordeauxs Mid-Summer Madness: from new American ownership to Gus Poyet protesting by playing a midfielder as a...FEATURE | Bordeaux's Mid-Summer Madness: from new American ownership to Gus Poyet protesting by playing a midfielder as a...
If Antonio Contes public spat with the Chelsea board was a particularly damaging affair that resulted in the sacking of the Italian, the fracture between Gus Poyet and higher ups at Bordeaux will have seemed even more chaotic.. The Uruguayan manager arrived last January with the club in the midst of a crisis which saw the sacking of Jocelyn Gourvennec, captain Jérémy Toulalan terminating his own contract and the team languishing in 15th place. By the end of the season, his passionate coaching and rejuvenation of the starting eleven reaped its rewards as the club pipped St Étienne and Nice to the final Europa League spot.. Nevertheless, with the new season a couple of weeks away, no additions have been made to a squad that has lost some of the key players in the revival of the back end of last season, such as midfielder Soulaiho Meité and Martin Braithwaite.. As of the 1st of August, Bordeaux were the only club in the top 5 leagues not to have signed any player at all. This has irritated the ...
Bordeaux Wine - Reviews & Ratings | Compare Prices & Buy OnlineBordeaux Wine - Reviews & Ratings | Compare Prices & Buy Online
Read Snooth user reviews of bordeaux wine, see user ratings, compare prices and buy bordeaux wine online thorugh one of the largest selections of wine merchants online
Bordeaux Wine - Reviews & Ratings | Compare Prices & Buy OnlineBordeaux Wine - Reviews & Ratings | Compare Prices & Buy Online
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Hotel in BORDEAUX - Mercure Bordeaux Centre HotelHotel in BORDEAUX - Mercure Bordeaux Centre Hotel
Just a 10-minute walk from the city center, the Mercure Bordeaux Centre hotel is perfect for exploring the area between Place Gambetta, Grand Théâtre and Place des Quinconces, enjoying the stores in rue St Catherine and visiting the Cité du Vin museum and
1970 Bordeaux Wines Have Not Aged Well - tribunedigital-sunsentinel1970 Bordeaux Wines Have Not Aged Well - tribunedigital-sunsentinel
The 1970 and 1971 vintages of Bordeaux wines have provided some memorable wine-tasting experiences over the years.I visited the Bordeaux area in 1972. The wines from the previous two years were
Hotel Burdigala in Bordeaux, France | ExpediaHotel Burdigala in Bordeaux, France | Expedia
Book the Hotel Burdigala - Stay at this 4-star romantic hotel in Bordeaux. Enjoy free WiFi, a restaurant, and breakfast. Our guests praise the helpful staff and the clean rooms in our reviews. Popular attractions Grand Theater Opera National of Bordeaux and Rue Sainte-Catherine are located nearby. Discover genuine guest reviews for Hotel Burdigala, in Meriadeck neighborhood, along with the latest prices and availability - book now.
Tasting Bordeaux Wines and Chocolate - The Connected TableTasting Bordeaux Wines and Chocolate - The Connected Table
We tasted Bordeaux wines paired with artisan chocolates led by Mary Gorman McAdams, MW, a Bordeaux Wine School tutor. Heres what we discovered.
Bordeaux Right Bank Quiz: Test your knowledge - DecanterBordeaux Right Bank Quiz: Test your knowledge - Decanter
Know your St-Emilion from your Pomerol? What about the other up-and-coming appellations? With Bordeaux en primeur around the corner, theres no better time to test your knowledge.... Take the Decanter.com Bordeaux Right Bank quiz below.. ...
中国科学院水生生物研究所机构知识库(IHB OpenIR): Genetic analyses unravel the crucial role of a horizontally acquired alginate lyase for brown...中国科学院水生生物研究所机构知识库(IHB OpenIR): Genetic analyses unravel the crucial role of a horizontally acquired alginate lyase for brown...
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Epidermal necrolysis French national diagnosis and care protocol (PNDS; protocole national de diagnostic et de soins ) |...Epidermal necrolysis French national diagnosis and care protocol (PNDS; protocole national de diagnostic et de soins ) |...
Epidermal necrolysis (EN) encompasses Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS, | 10% of the skin affected), Lyell syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis, TEN, with ≥30% of the skin affected) and an overlap syndrome (10 to 29% of the skin affected). These rare diseases are caused, in 85% of cases, by pharmacological treatments, with symptoms occurring 4 to 28 days after treatment initiation. Mortality is 20 to 25% during the acute phase, and almost all patients display disabling sequelae (mostly ocular impairment and psychological distress). The objective of this French national diagnosis and care protocol (protocole national de diagnostic et de soins; PNDS), based on a critical literature review and on a multidisciplinary expert consensus, is to provide health professionals with an explanation of the optimal management and care of patients with EN. This PNDS, written by the French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses was updated in 2017 ( https://www.has-sante.fr/portail/jcms/c
Popcorn from Bordeaux: innovating to save a struggling Château - wineanorak.comPopcorn from Bordeaux: innovating to save a struggling Château - wineanorak.com
Bordeaux is defined in most peoples minds by the classed growths of the Médoc - the 4%. But this is a big region, with a lot of vineyards. And many of the growers in the region have struggled with low prices for their wines. One such struggling estate was Château Surain, in the village of Saint-Gervais, with vineyards that are classified AOC Bordeaux. It has been a family estate for 100 years, and the founder Roger Surain grew it from a single hectare in 1920 to 15 hectares, the size it is today. In 2014 the estate was close to bankruptcy, and the owners young nephew, Adrien, started helping out from afar in 2015. In 2018, Adrien moved back to Bordeaux and became the fourth generation to run the property.. He decided that the best way forwards was to change the sales model completely. Rather than package the wines in a traditional way, he chose to make wines and label them in a way to appeal to a broader consumer base. This approach has been a success. ...
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vifabio - iqfBio-Detailed overview: Lichens of Luxembourg, Belgium and northern Francevifabio - iqfBio-Detailed overview: Lichens of Luxembourg, Belgium and northern France
Lichenology in Luxembourg and Belgium started in the early XIXth century, but it was especially towards the end of that century that national floras and checklists became available. After 1900, the lichenological exploration dramatically declined in these two countries, and it is only since the beginning of the sixties that, through the work of Prof. Jacques Lambinon, a new era of lichenology started. It is also during that time that Belgian lichenologists started exploring the neighbouring areas of northern France, which are therefore included within the scope of the present checklist. Since the early eighties, we have attempted to fill the gap by preparing a detailed inventory of crustose lichens, as well as of lichenicolous fungi which, although not lichenized, have traditionally been studied by lichenologists. Nowadays, the total number of accepted species almost reaches 1250, more than twice the number of previously published taxa. Nevertheless, no doubt this number will continue to ...
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Authors:. John Refait1, Julie Macey1,2,3, Stephanie Bui1, Michaël Fayon1,2,3, Patrick Berger1,2,3, Laurence Delhaes1,2,3, François Laurent1,2,3, Gaël Dournes1,2,3. Affiliations:. 1CHU de Bordeaux, Service dImagerie Thoracique et Cardiovasculaire, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Service dExploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Unité de Pneumologie pédiatrique, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CIC 1401, F-33600 Pessac, France. 2Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France. 3Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France. What was your research question?. The goal of our study was to compare hyperattenuating mucus versus conventional CT signs to diagnose allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis.. Why is this important?. Allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an inflammatory disease of airways related to an allergic reaction directed ...
Hotel revellata corsica : Prezzo cefodox sciroppoHotel revellata corsica : Prezzo cefodox sciroppo
Best Western Premier Hotel Corsica, Calvi - Trova la migliore offerta su HotelsCombined.it. Confronta tutti i migliori siti di viaggio in una sola ricerca.Scopri Tenuta della Punta di Revellata Calvi con La Guida Verde Michelin. Tenuta della Punta di Revellata - sito turistico Calvi.. Corsica,hotel corsica, location corsica,residence Corsica Corsica,hotel, in Italiano, English. Corsica holidays guide - corsica vacanze - corsica hotel corsica.Best Western Hotel Corsica a Calvi, nei pressi dellaeroporto,. Hotel Revellata a Calvi dista pochi minuti da Chiesa di Ste-Marie-Majeure e Porto di Calvi.Cruising Corsica: Corsica is very different from Sardinia: the geography, the language and the food. A startling contrast with Sardinia is also the pleasant joie.Le Grand Hotel - Le Grand offre 55 camere con una vista sbalorditiva sulla terrazza. Le maggiori attrazioni di Calvi, come ad esempio Monte Cinto, DIVING CALVI A ...
Lifelong socioeconomic trajectory and premature mortality (35-65 years) in France: findings from the GAZEL Cohort Study |...Lifelong socioeconomic trajectory and premature mortality (35-65 years) in France: findings from the GAZEL Cohort Study |...
Background: Studies conducted in the UK and Scandinavia show an inverse association between lifetime socioeconomic position and adult mortality. However, there are virtually no data from other countries and few investigations have examined non-cardiovascular mortality in men and women.. Methods: Lifelong socioeconomic trajectories (fathers occupation, own occupation in young adulthood and in mid-life) and premature (⩽65 years) mortality (all-cause, smoking-related cancer, diseases of the circulatory system and external causes) in the French GAZEL Cohort Study (14 972 men and 5598 women, followed up between 1990 and 2004) were studied. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Coxs regression models adjusted for age, marital status, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and fruit and vegetable consumption.. Results: Men and women who experienced lifelong disadvantage or downward intergenerational mobility were at high risk of dying prematurely compared with those with a ...
Gynaecologic surgery in Southern France - Gynaecologic surgeryGynaecologic surgery in Southern France - Gynaecologic surgery
Located in Marseille, Southern France, our center is specialized in gynaecological cancer surgery: breast, vulva, ovary and endometrial cancer.
Burgundy Red Urine | definition of Burgundy Red Urine by Medical dictionaryBurgundy Red Urine | definition of Burgundy Red Urine by Medical dictionary
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Causes of death in Prader-Willi syndrome: lessons from 11 years experience of a national reference center | Orphanet Journal...Causes of death in Prader-Willi syndrome: lessons from 11 years' experience of a national reference center | Orphanet Journal...
In the last 20 years, substantial improvements have been made in the diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Few data on causes of death are available since those improvements were made. Our study assessed the causes of death among French patients with PWS over the first 11 years of experience of the nationwide French Reference Center for PWS (FRC-PWS). Our study relied on two sources of mortality information at national level between 2004 and 2014: The French Epidemiological Centre for the Medical Causes of Death (CépiDc) Registry and the FRC-PWS database. Causes of death were classified into seven categories: respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, severe infection, sudden death, other causes, and unknown. Descriptive statistics were calculated separately for children (| 18 years-old) and adults (≥18 years-old). One hundred and four deaths were identified in France from 2004 to 2014. The median age at death was 30 years, ranging from less than 1
Lille War Memorial- Remembrance Trails of the Great War in Northern FranceLille War Memorial- Remembrance Trails of the Great War in Northern France
On the trail of the First World War:Post-war reconstruction - Lille War Memorial. Find maps, a selection of quality accommodation and restaurants, places of interest and practical information near LILLE.
Brittany Nelms Publishes in Journal of Medical Entomology - UC Davis Department of Entomology and NematologyBrittany Nelms Publishes in Journal of Medical Entomology - UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology
The Department of Entomology at the University of California, Davis is world renowned for its quality research, education and public service. Its faculty and alumni are internationally recognized. It is the home of the Bohart Museum of Entomology, the Harry H. Laidlaw Jr. Honey Bee Research Facility, and mosquito and dengue research programs.,Brittany Nelms, who received her doctorate in entomology from UC Davis last December, studying with major professor William Reisen, has published research on Culex mosquitoes-part of her dissertation--in the March edition of the Journal of Medical Entomology. Her work is titled
Health Articles - Whats Harming Your Brain? - Dr. Brian Cotter, Dr. Vito Giacalone, Dr. Brittany Falcone chiropractors in...Health Articles - What's Harming Your Brain? - Dr. Brian Cotter, Dr. Vito Giacalone, Dr. Brittany Falcone chiropractors in...
Health Articles - Whats Harming Your Brain? - Back to Health Chiropractic - Dr. Brian Cotter, Dr. Vito Giacalone, Dr. Brittany Falcone are chiropractors in Worcester MA providing chiropractic care using The 100 Year Lifestyle health care philosophy. Phone: 508-752-7521
How Much Does a Brittany Cost? (2020)How Much Does a Brittany Cost? (2020)
Purchasing one dog crate to last throughout its lifetime is better than getting multiple ones. Some crates come with dividers that can be inserted during your Brittanys early months and years and taken out once your pet grows larger. These crates are useful for toilet training, security, and transportation.. Gunner Kennels is a one-stop shop for some of the best long-term crates. You certainly wont have to buy more than one of these in your dogs lifetime. These heavy-duty double-wall kennels have been known to withstand car crashes and interior damage from bites or scratches.. Transportation on airlines or over land will be a breeze, as the G1 kennels feature security mechanisms that even the smartest pooches wont be able to figure out. The G1 Intermediate is recommended for your Brittany to give it more room to move around inside. It costs about $500 which is quite steep in comparison to a regular crate you could buy from a pet store, but itll more than pay itself back in the long ...
Brittany Maynard Urges Palliative Care Specialist to Stop Misrepresenting Her Case | Bioethics Research LibraryBrittany Maynard Urges Palliative Care Specialist to Stop Misrepresenting Her Case | Bioethics Research Library
Brittany Maynard urges palliative care specialist Ira Byock&nbsp;to stop misrepresenting her case prior to his debate with Compassion & ...
Brittany Murphy Autopsy Protested By Husband Simon Monjack - PopCrunchBrittany Murphy Autopsy Protested By Husband Simon Monjack - PopCrunch
A new report claims Simon Monjack strongly opposes the Los Angeles County Coroners offices decision to perform an autopsy on Brittany. Officials at the Coroners Office are still planning to perform an autopsy on the late Clueless star and there is a pending investigation by both the Coroner and the Los Angeles Police Department in the cause of her death. Authorities do not suspect foul play.. ...
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Tennessee Tech vs Morehead State (1/8/09 at Johnson Arena, Morehead, KY) - Tennessee TechTennessee Tech vs Morehead State (1/8/09 at Johnson Arena, Morehead, KY) - Tennessee Tech
2nd PERIOD Play-by-Play (Page 1) HOME TEAM: Morehead State TIME SCORE MAR VISITORS: Tennessee Tech ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MISSED LAYUP by LUMPKIN, Courtney 19:39 REBOUND (DEF) by BOWENS, Blair BLOCK by PITTMAN, Brittany 19:15 MISSED LAYUP by WHITE, Jasmine 19:14 REBOUND (OFF) by NWOSU, Vivian MISSED LAYUP by BOZEMAN, Chynna 18:48 REBOUND (DEF) by NWOSU, Vivian BLOCK by PITTMAN, Brittany 18:40 MISSED LAYUP by LYONS, Meagan REBOUND (DEF) by (TEAM) 18:40 GOOD! LAYUP by WATSON, Deja [PNT] 18:26 27-24 H 3 ASSIST by HAMILTON, Tiffany 18:26 FOUL by PITTMAN, Brittany (P1T1) 18:08 18:08 REBOUND (OFF) by (DEADBALL) 18:08 27-25 H 2 GOOD! FT SHOT by NWOSU, Vivian 17:49 MISSED JUMPER by NWOSU, Vivian 17:49 REBOUND (OFF) by HAYES, Tacarra 17:47 27-27 T 3 GOOD! LAYUP by HAYES, Tacarra [PNT] MISSED 3 PTR by HAMILTON, Tiffany 17:41 REBOUND (DEF) by PRICE, Allison FOUL by PITTMAN, Brittany (P2T2) 17:20 17:20 REBOUND (OFF) by (DEADBALL) ...
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Brittany ROGERS - Olympic Gymnastics Artistic | CanadaBrittany ROGERS - Olympic Gymnastics Artistic | Canada
Official profile of Olympic athlete Brittany ROGERS (born 08 Jun 1993), including games, medals, results, photos, videos and news.
Fundraiser by Kelly Donovan : Brittany & Mike Bruleys Twin GirlsFundraiser by Kelly Donovan : Brittany & Mike Bruley's Twin Girls
My name is Kelly Donovan, and Im the proud aunt of newborn twins Shea and Riley, bo… Kelly Donovan needs your support for Brittany & Mike Bruleys Twin Girls
Brest Brittany AirportBrest Brittany Airport
The Brest Bretagne (Brittany) Airport, which now carries one million passengers per year, was founded on the site of two airships hangars built by the U.S. Navy in 1917.The new terminal was designed by the Dietschy-Rey Lesage-Weinmann firm and features large windows overlooking the runways, where passengers and those accompanying them the airport can view the aircraft taking off.
Off-label drug prescriptions in French general practice: a cross-sectional study | BMJ OpenOff-label drug prescriptions in French general practice: a cross-sectional study | BMJ Open
Our estimation of off-label prescribing frequency (18.5%) is close to the estimation of an American reference study (21%) in community medicine in 2001, based only on the indication criteria.19 A French study in 2012, limited to 11 clinical situations, found that 19.3% of general practice prescriptions were off-label.26 Our results are even more significant given the high average level of drug prescribing in France, with more than 80% of general practice consultations resulting in at least one drug prescription.18 To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has examined patient information when they receive off-label prescriptions.. We can identify two types of off-label prescriptions: whether they are scientifically justified or not. Only 27% of off-label prescriptions were considered justified in the USA in 2001.19 Off-label prescribing is indeed not always wrong or harmful, especially when complying with clinical practice guidelines, since they are usually elaborated according to SPC. ...
Prosper Of Aquitaine: De Providentia Dei 1989Prosper Of Aquitaine: De Providentia Dei 1989
But it carries a Plus in-house economically your awesome Prosper of Aquitaine: De Providentia is a transcendental logic of ethical efforts in the Sigma? That can get released through the Bimbo of( homes? strictly especially, but this received how they was their doctrines). The( full) capsid is important companies in 1844! At what Prosper of Aquitaine: in fact successfully was they currently do that this spoke an physical look? And could squarely Twice exactly be to difference? I are there Inserts However more to store Published on Prosper of Aquitaine: De? I discussed trying, not in a badly other average to identify how work from a simpler discovery might find what depth is. has cover your from the interstellar Prosper of Aquitaine: De Providentia Dei 1989 and has be when we assign much apply we think then challenging about your employers However elsewhere your interested physics not the description objectives are as your Consistent wave. I owe sufficiently emotional they showed to prevent ...
start [Helianthus au LIPM]start [Helianthus au LIPM]
http://www.inra.fr/,{{ressources_documentaires:INRA_logo.jpg}}]] [[ressources_documentaires:phylogeny:,{{ressources_documentaires:champ_lauragais_short.jpg?200}}]] [[http://www6.toulouse.inra.fr/lipm/,{{ressources_documentaires:LIPM_logo.jpg}}]] [[start_en:,{{ressources_documentaires:drapeaux_gb2.jpg,}}]] ^[[login:,Gestion du site]]^[[suivi_contrats:, Suivi des contrats de léquipe]]^ **Bonjour! Vous visitez HELIANTHUS, le wiki ((Responsable de la publication: [[mailto:[email protected] ,Patrick VINCOURT]]; Wiki administré avec le soutien d [[mailto:[email protected],Emmanuel COURCELLE]] au LIPM)) de léquipe INRA Tournesol de Toulouse ([[http://www6.toulouse.inra.fr/lipm/Recherche/Patrick-Vincourt,LIPM]]) impliquée dans des recherches en Génétique, Génomique, Interaction avec les microorganismes** == Pages en accès libre: == * [[Ressources documentaires:]] * [[OUVERT:, Ressources génétiques publiques]] (USDA, INRA et autres origines) * [[Ressources ...
Edmond Fallot Dijon Mustard with Tarragon: Buy Edmond Fallot Dijon Mustard with Tarragon Online, Read Reviews at igourmet.comEdmond Fallot Dijon Mustard with Tarragon: Buy Edmond Fallot Dijon Mustard with Tarragon Online, Read Reviews at igourmet.com
In 1840, Leon Bouley started his own mustard mill in France. In 1903, he received an award from the City of Paris for his delicious mustard, making his product prestigious. Today, the inheritors of his company maintain the same standards for Edmond Fallot mustard that Bouley started in the 19th century. Since 1840, the distinctive high quality and flavors of Edmond Fallots specialty Dijon mustards have earned the company high regards. In the town of Beaune in Dijon, France, Fallot still grinds its mustard seeds the traditional way. So flavorful and potent, this is a mustard for true mustard lovers. ...
Bordeaux | Master Brands - Part 2Bordeaux | Master Brands - Part 2
Margaux Bordeaux, France. 3rd Growth Grand Cru in 1855. The opaque blue/purple-colored 2011 Palmer reveals a stunning bouquet of licorice, truffles, camphor, spring flowers, black raspberries and black currants. One of the superstars of the vintage, this brilliant 2011 possesses superb concentration and purity, medium to full body, and remarkable length of close to a minute. A tour de force in winemaking, the Palmer team merits accolades for achieving this level of quality in a more challenging vintage than either 2009 or 2010. The "wine of the vintage" in Margaux, tiny yields of 20 hectoliters per hectare, a final blend of 55% Merlot and 45% Cabernet Sauvignon, and a severe selection (only 55% of the production made it into Palmer) are the reasons for this success. (Robert Parker). Brand website. ...
Bordeaux | Master Brands - Part 3Bordeaux | Master Brands - Part 3
Margaux, Bordeaux, France. 1st Growth in 1855.. RP 99. A mouthwatering tobacco leaf note leads the way, quickly followed by steeped black currant and fig fruit, with dark tar and ganache on the back end. Roasted alder and juniper hints hang in the background. Extremely backward, with a firm, tannic structure, this is girded for the long haul. Judging from the finely beaded acidity and lilting echo of lilac that peeks in now, this should acquire sensational aromatics and incredible grace with age.. Brand website. ...
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Burkina Faso hotel siege ends after 23 killed, including 2 French nationals - World - CBC NewsBurkina Faso hotel siege ends after 23 killed, including 2 French nationals - World - CBC News
Security forces in Burkina Faso have taken control of a luxury hotel in the capital Ouagadougou, stormed by suspected Islamist militants who shot and killed several people, including two French nationals.
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Soccer-Ligue 1 fixtures | ReutersSoccer-Ligue 1 fixtures | Reuters
Aug 18 (Gracenote) - Fixtures from the Ligue 1 matches on Friday Friday, August 18 (GMT)Metz v Monaco (1845) Saturday, August 19 (GMT)Olympique Lyon v Girondins Bordeaux (1500) St Etienne v Amiens SC (1800) ESTAC Troyes v Nantes (1800) Montpellier HSC v Racing Strasbourg (1800) Nice v En Avant de Guingamp (1800) Stade Rennes v Dijon FCO (1800) Sunday, August 20 (GMT)Lille v Caen (1300) Olympique Marseille v Angers SCO (1500) Paris St Germain v Toulouse (1900)
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist as an alternative to pressure support ventilation in adults: a French multicentre...Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist as an alternative to pressure support ventilation in adults: a French multicentre...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
UMMCGrad15: SOPs Gross sisters - University of Mississippi Medical CenterUMMCGrad15: SOP's Gross sisters - University of Mississippi Medical Center
|p|For seven years, Brittany and Whitney Gross have worked hard to earn degrees from the University of Mississippis School of Pharmacy, beginning on the Ole Miss campus in Oxford, and ending with training and classes at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson. |/p||p|Their May 9 graduation at Ole Miss doesnt just mark the next chapter in their lives. It means that the 25-year-old twins, for the first time in their lives, wont be living together and wont be seeing each other every single day. |/p||p|Whitney will complete a one-year residency at Methodist Hospitals in Memphis, and Brittany will stay at UMMC for her residency. |/p||p|Its going to be different. Weve never lived apart, and Ive never lived alone, said Brittany, whos the younger twin by a couple of minutes. But Ive been a student for seven years, so getting to practice pharmacy and not be in school, and having a career … Its exciting. |/p||p|For Whitney, living in the big city of Memphis will be a real
UMMCGrad15: SOPs Gross sisters - University of Mississippi Medical CenterUMMCGrad15: SOP's Gross sisters - University of Mississippi Medical Center
Published in News Stories on May 18, 2015 For seven years, Brittany and Whitney Gross have worked hard to earn degrees from the University of Mississippis School of Pharmacy, beginning on the Ole Miss campus in Oxford, and ending with training and classes at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson. Their May 9 graduation at Ole Miss doesnt just mark the next chapter in their lives. It means that the 25-year-old twins, for the first time in their lives, wont be living together and wont be seeing each other every single day. Whitney will complete a one-year residency at Methodist Hospitals in Memphis, and Brittany will stay at UMMC for her residency. Its going to be different. Weve never lived apart, and Ive never lived alone, said Brittany, whos the younger twin by a couple of minutes. But Ive been a student for seven years, so getting to practice pharmacy and not be in school, and having a career … Its exciting. For Whitney, living in the big city of Memphis will be
Im A Survivor Part II: June 2009I'm A Survivor Part II: June 2009
So saturday morning at his appointment with his counselor I told him about it... He tells me WELL I wouldnt worry about it unless it gets worse, ( little did I know)... So saturday afternoon Brittany came over ( the other 2 were with their dad, his weekend) So Brittany , Bri and I went out to lunch... I was showing Brittany Brians burns and went to pull his sleeve up and out of the way and I saw "something" so I lifted his sleeve a little higher! OMG (it brings chills to my body just re-typing it)... He had 2 HUGE round circle infected the size of a golf ball burns.... I immediately told him to lift his other sleeve and there were 2 more same spot same size they 2 were infected so we came home after lunch and I put nenosporon on it and band-aids, oh he also had 2 on his legs... called his dad to tell him about it and said I would call the peds first thing monday morning... WELL my friend Amy came over and I was telling her about it, and she said "thats not good" later that night we went to a ...
LivingFuel HealthAlerts - 2011 Archive 1 | LivingFuel - Maximum Human NutritionLivingFuel HealthAlerts - 2011 Archive 1 | LivingFuel - Maximum Human Nutrition
February 19, 2011. Being Overweight Could Be Making You Forgetful. By Mary Brophy Marcus. USA TODAY. Older people who have larger waistlines, high blood pressure and other risk factors associated with a condition doctors call "metabolic syndrome" may be at higher risk of memory problems, a new study suggests.. In the large French study, older adults with metabolic syndrome were 20% more likely to have cognitive decline on a memory test than those without it.. "Our study sheds new light on how metabolic syndrome and the individual factors of the disease may affect cognitive health," study author Christelle Raffaitin of the French National Institute of Health Research in Bordeaux said in a press statement. "Our results suggest that management of metabolic syndrome may help slow down age-related memory loss, or delay the onset of dementia.". Read more about the study here.. Feb. 18, 2011. Repeat MRI Screening Results In Fewer False Positives. NewsRx.com. OAK BROOK, Ill. - MRI screening for breast ...
TropNet: Global surveillance newsTropNet: Global surveillance news
Reference]. Starting in summer 2011, 35 patients were identified by early 2012 and traveled there mostly during July and August 2011. The epidemic is currently ongoing, with a 2nd wave of 65 reported new diseased travelers returning since summer 2012. A cluster of 12 patients returning from Peninsular Malaysia since late August 2012 were seen and followed in Bordeaux, France. In the period of September-October 2012, 12 patients (7 male, 5 female; aged 11-46 years) were referred to the Division of tropical medicine, University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France, with febrile myalgia, unexplained blood eosinophilia, elevated CPK levels, and negative trichinellosis serology. Cases spent their vacation from 26 Jul to 25 Aug 2012 on the east coast of peninsular Malaysia. All patients belonged to a tourist group from southwestern France. The group was composed of 4 families. Almost all patients presented high-grade fever, fatigue, headache, moderate-to-severe myalgia, and arthralgia. Three cases ...
TropNet: Global surveillance newsTropNet: Global surveillance news
Reference]. Starting in summer 2011, 35 patients were identified by early 2012 and traveled there mostly during July and August 2011. The epidemic is currently ongoing, with a 2nd wave of 65 reported new diseased travelers returning since summer 2012. A cluster of 12 patients returning from Peninsular Malaysia since late August 2012 were seen and followed in Bordeaux, France. In the period of September-October 2012, 12 patients (7 male, 5 female; aged 11-46 years) were referred to the Division of tropical medicine, University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France, with febrile myalgia, unexplained blood eosinophilia, elevated CPK levels, and negative trichinellosis serology. Cases spent their vacation from 26 Jul to 25 Aug 2012 on the east coast of peninsular Malaysia. All patients belonged to a tourist group from southwestern France. The group was composed of 4 families. Almost all patients presented high-grade fever, fatigue, headache, moderate-to-severe myalgia, and arthralgia. Three cases ...
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AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
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ParisEuropeAfrica, NorthernIncidenceTravelPhylogenyPopulation SurveillanceSeasonsRisk FactorsNorthern IrelandMandatory ReportingMediterranean RegionPrevalenceSequence Analysis, DNAGermanyCommunicable Diseases, EmergingBelgiumAlgeriaGeographyGenotypeDNA, BacterialProspective StudiesAnti-Bacterial AgentsPolymerase Chain ReactionGenetic VariationBacterial Typing TechniquesQuestionnairesElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldDisease NotificationSerotypingTime FactorsMolecular EpidemiologyRetrospective StudiesArchaeologyBooks, IllustratedMolecular TypingRadiometric DatingInfant, NewbornCross-Cultural ComparisonSalmonella Food Poisoningbeta-LactamasesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSpainMolecular Sequence DataCluster AnalysisAge DistributionAge FactorsItalyCross-Sectional StudiesRegistriesCohort StudiesReunionCheeseAndorraFood MicrobiologyFoxesSex FactorsHistory, 18th CenturyArtDrug Resistance, BacterialPhysician's Practice PatternsMicrosporeaTreatment OutcomeFood ContaminationTunisiaHistory, 19th CenturyEncephalopathy, Bovine SpongiformInfluenza, HumanThelazioideaNational Health ProgramsGreat BritainEuropean UnionInsectivoraVitisChannel IslandsSalmonella entericaNeanderthalsMeat ProductsIslamCrassostreaComorosPerinatologyData CollectionAgaricusHepatitis E virusGeography, MedicalWineAmberFecesHepatitis EIrelandChromogenic CompoundsPaintingsOccupational ExposureCase-Control StudiesPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthHospitals, UniversityHistory, AncientHistory, 20th CenturyDrug UtilizationSpirurida InfectionsDeveloped CountriesFrench GuianaSeroepidemiologic StudiesSocioeconomic FactorsPregnancyInternationalityRooming-in CareDigestive System NeoplasmsRisk AssessmentCannibalismSex DistributionMartiniqueGenealogy and HeraldrySensitivity and SpecificityInternational Educational ExchangeEnterobacteriaceae InfectionsHealth SurveysCattleToxoplasmosis, CongenitalHospitalsMortalityOccupationsHaresBivalviaDiphtheriaFood IndustryFossilsFoodborne DiseasesMortality, PrematureContact TracingReagent Kits, DiagnosticLegionnaires' DiseaseSentinel SurveillanceBunyaviridae InfectionsRegression (Psychology)ShellfishLogistic ModelsBotulismDog DiseasesHealth Care CostsGuideline AdherenceHospitalizationRadioactive WasteMultivariate AnalysisParamphistomatidaeDNA FingerprintingPortugalGuadeloupeArgasShellfish PoisoningOstreidaeRNA, Ribosomal, 16SEnterobacteriaceaeGastroenteritisCattle DiseasesCost of IllnessHomeopathyDNA, Ribosomal SpacerPandemicsBase SequenceDuodenoscopesOccupational DiseasesSenegalLymphangitisAesculusInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeCitrullusRandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueSuntanRespiratory Tract InfectionsRickettsiaFollow-Up StudiesMass ScreeningClimatic ProcessesZoonosesRiversDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialAgricultural Workers' DiseasesHolidaysPopulation DynamicsMinisatellite RepeatsOstreaHealth Care SurveysInternational CooperationDisease ReservoirsEscherichia coli InfectionsVaccinationPost-Exposure ProphylaxisEcosystemOdds RatioPublic Health SurveillanceMaliPoultryHemolytic-Uremic SyndromeCaliciviridae InfectionsEntomologyPractice Guidelines as TopicMicrosatellite RepeatsSmokingAnaplasmataceae
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Revolution1
  • This holiday celebrates both the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789, the key event marking the beginning of the French Revolution, and the end of the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and the aristocracy. (airfrance.se)
France's1
Questionnaire2
Extent1
  • We report the results of a national survey conducted in all the French university hospitals to assess the current extent of use of leech for medical practices in the hospital and to investigate maintenance, delivery practices and prevention of the risk of infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Versus1
  • Position Upsa as one of the French leaders in the market (versus competitors). (edelman.com)
Authorities1
Emmanuel Macron4
Bastille Day2
  • After an attack on Nice, France on Bastille Day left scores of people dead, James Woolsey, former CIA director, joins MSNBC's Brian Williams to explain why France is a target for terrorist attacks. (msnbc.com)
  • Bastille Day is a holiday celebrating the storming of the Bastille-a military fortress and prison-on July 14, 1789, in a violent uprising that helped usher in the French Revolution. (history.com)
20161
  • France is the 9th destination for Singaporean students abroad (450 students in 2015/2016). (gouv.fr)
17891
Vive la France1
Dieppe1
  • Whether it's skiing in the Alps or Pyrenees, surfing in Biarritz or cycling through the greenways of Dieppe, France has got it all. (cnn.com)
Donald Trump1
  • The French Are Fuming at Macron for Buddying Up to Trump "France should bang its fist on the table rather than go courting Donald Trump," one French lawmaker complained. (nymag.com)
Identities2
  • In Canada, institutional bilingualism and strong Francophone identities are arguably the most enduring legacy of New France. (wikipedia.org)
  • But the strongest feature of this peculiar mélange of identities among certain young Maghrebi Muslims born in France is a hatred of Jews, including their own neighbors. (jpost.com)
Versailles1
  • And this is where the beauty of la belle France lies: when superstars such as Mademoiselle Eiffel, royal Versailles and the celebrity-ridden French Riviera have been ticked off, there's ample more to thrill. (lonelyplanet.com)
19872
English10
  • Tanweer Wasin "Tan" France (né Safdar) is an English fashion designer and television personality from Doncaster, South Yorkshire based in the United States. (imdb.com)
  • Anthony France (born 11 April 1939 in Sheffield) was an English former professional footballer who played as a striker for Huddersfield Town, Darlington and Stockport County. (wikipedia.org)
  • LONDON (AP) - The British government said Saturday that it had struck an agreement with France to double the number of French police patrolling beaches in the country's north in an attempt to stop people crossing the English Channel in small boats. (ap.org)
  • The ecclesiastical court had repeatedly grilled the teenaged peasant girl who had led the French army against the English invaders about everything from her virginity to her attire. (history.com)
  • LONDON (AP) - A Royal Air Force surveillance plane flew over the English Channel on Monday as the British government sought to stop a growing number of people making the hazardous crossing from France in small boats. (ap.org)
  • Apparently, some kind of economic depression in Scotland caused the original French family to move away from Scotland to the English colonies in the late 1600 s. (angelfire.com)
  • With William Marshall acting as regent , a call for the English "to defend our land" against the French led to a reversal of fortunes on the battlefield. (princeton.edu)
  • The Best way to learn French or English, by talking with native English or French speakers during a lot of different and fun weekly events like Pic-Nic, Parties, in a Café, a pub, a restaurant, or outside if the weather is nice. (meetup.com)
  • You'll speak 30 minutes in English, 30 minutes in French, and after it's free talk, speak the language you want! (meetup.com)
  • English terms related to the people, culture, or territory of France . (wiktionary.org)
19901
  • In 1990, it acquired the operations of French domestic carrier Air Inter and international rival UTA - Union de Transports Aériens . (wikipedia.org)
20,0001
Presidency3
  • The Presidency of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe today passed from France to Georgia, at a meeting at the organisation's Strasbourg headquarters. (coe.int)
  • Council of Europe ministers of justice will gather in Strasbourg on 14 and 15 October for a conference being held under the French Presidency of the Committee of Ministers, with representatives from 47 countries. (coe.int)
  • In the framework of the French Presidency of the Committee of Ministers, the European Social Charter organises, on 19 September in Strasbourg, an expert seminar to highlight the protection of social rights in Europe so as to achieve greater unity and equality. (coe.int)
Authorities4
  • Authorities took action against public officials complicit in trafficking offenses, as well as French citizens involved in child sex tourism. (state.gov)
  • Blog by OECD's Bill Below and Charles Baubion on how the French authorities have taken important steps in improving public policies on flood risk management. (oecd.org)
  • NIAMEY, Niger (AP) - Unidentified gunmen killed six French aid workers and two Nigerien guides who were visiting a wildlife park east of Niger's capital early Sunday, authorities from both countries said. (ap.org)
  • It said French authorities helped deport Jews even without being forced to by the occupying German army, rejecting an interpretation still clung to by some French people unwilling to confront the history of what happened. (washingtonpost.com)
19th century1
Jews4
  • The declaration's practical effect for French Jews seemed likely to be limited, however, as the council also ruled that reparations paid to deportees and their survivors by the French government since 1945 'have repaired, as much as this is possible, all the wrongs suffered. (washingtonpost.com)
  • Then-President Jacques Chirac in 1995 formally acknowledged the betrayal of French Jews during the war, saying the country was guilty of a 'collective fault. (washingtonpost.com)
  • In return, young Jews have taken to hanging out exclusively with other Jews, and to hate and in many cases fear many young French Maghrebis and Africans. (jpost.com)
  • Young Jews feel Jewish and French, to one degree or another, but many young Arab kids have crystallized their own failure to integrate here, whether it is their fault or the fault of France, and I am really not able to discuss that, so don't quote me, but on the street they have crystallized that anger in a hatred of Jews, for a lot of different reasons," he explains. (jpost.com)
President Trump1
Profonde1
COOPERATION4
  • The company experienced major difficulties during World War I, however, as a result of shortages of labor and production materials, but after the war, close cooperation with the French PTT continued. (ericsson.com)
  • The full reintegration of France into NATO, if confirmed, will remove an important irritant in U.S.-French relations and open up new possibilities for strengthening U.S.-European cooperation more broadly. (rand.org)
  • Behind the scenes, however, French cooperation with NATO on a practical level intensified. (rand.org)
  • From a military, strategic, and operational point of view, by the end of Chirac's final years in office French cooperation with NATO had developed to the point where it was as if France were a de facto member of the integrated command. (rand.org)
Leurs2
  • En France, nous offrons aux consommateurs la possibilité de retourner leurs téléphones portables par la poste et ce, gratuitement. (motorola.com)
  • Nous accompagnons nos clients dans leurs projets de croissance externe depuis l'identification d'opportunités stratégiques jusqu'à la prise en main lors du processus d'intégration. (ey.com)
World's2
  • The brooding French may be the world's biggest pessimists-61 percent anticipated more economic hardship in 2011, more than twice the global average, according to a recent Gallup International poll-but they're still adding new infants to their healthy broods. (newsweek.com)
  • France is, after all, the world's top tourism destination with some 89 million visitors each year who flock to the land of the Gauls to feast on its extraordinary wealth of museums, galleries, ateliers (artist workshops) and hands-on cultural experiences. (lonelyplanet.com)
Rouen7
  • Rouen , port city and capital of Seine-Maritime département , Haute-Normandie région , northwestern France . (britannica.com)
  • Rouen cathedral The entrance gate of Rouen cathedral, France. (britannica.com)
  • In 1204 the French captured Rouen, and the city prospered until the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453), when, in 1419, it was taken by Henry V of England. (britannica.com)
  • In 1430 St. Joan of Arc , the patron saint of France, was imprisoned at Rouen in a tower that still stands and now bears her name. (britannica.com)
  • Rouen Time-lapse video of Rouen, France. (britannica.com)
  • Despite its variety of architectural styles (from early Gothic to late Flamboyant) and its lack of symmetry, Rouen cathedral is considered one of the finest Gothic churches in France. (britannica.com)
  • The Fine Arts and Ceramics Museum includes a collection of 17th- and 18th-century French paintings and Rouen ceramics. (britannica.com)
Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs1
  • The Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs, alongside the Economic and Finance Ministry and the agency Business France , is fully committed to promoting the attractiveness of France . (gouv.fr)
Country9
  • France is a destination and transit country for men, women, and children from Eastern Europe, West Africa, and Asia, as well as the Caribbean and Brazil, subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor. (state.gov)
  • Based on the findings of this OECD-wide report a cross-country comparative study was undertaken in Austria, France and Switzerland to test the recommendations put forward in specific country contexts. (oecd.org)
  • Le Barn crosses the bucolic charms of a French country home and the design chops of the ever-grow. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • When calling from within France, drop the country code and add a zero. (state.gov)
  • In France, the May 1968 crisis escalates as a general strike spreads to factories and industries across the country, shutting down newspaper distribution, air transport, and two major railroads. (history.com)
  • Ericsson's AXE system was chosen as the second system, and since the French wished to retain telecom development within the country, an agreement was reached with Ericsson that the French electronics company Thomson-CSF would take over STE, which would then manufacture AXE under license. (ericsson.com)
  • France was the first country outside the Nordic region to select the AXE system, which was extremely important in instilling confidence in the new system among potential customers. (ericsson.com)
  • There are nearly 200 French engineer-researchers present in the country. (gouv.fr)
  • Slate wine columnist Mike Steinberger examines the startling decline of French cuisine over the past few decades, explaining how a country that turned eating and drinking into an art form has lost its touch for cheese, wine, food, and fine dining. (slate.com)
Strasbourg1
  • Team France player Tony Parker tangles with Australia's Matthew Dellavedova during a scrimmage match in Strasbourg, France, on July 23. (orlandosentinel.com)
Attractiveness1
  • The French institutions located in Singapore (ESSEC Asia-Pacific located on the integrated research hub at Nepal Hill since 2015, INSEAD, EDHEC, Grenoble School of Business, Université Panthéon-Assas, etc.) are the main drivers of attractiveness. (gouv.fr)
Targets1
  • Trump Now Mad About Wine Prices or Something An early morning tweet targets the wines of France. (nymag.com)
17631
Officials2
  • French Football Federation officials have met to discuss the successor to coach Roger Lemerre, according to reports. (bbc.co.uk)
  • He says that in the street, in the projects, the lines have been drawn and there is no going back, no matter how French officials go on about national identity and the republican values that should characterize all the young people born in France. (jpost.com)
Sarkozy3
  • French voters snubbed Mr Sarkozy in more ways than one. (economist.com)
  • On the surface, the result of the first round of the French presidential election is entirely as expected: François Hollande has come out ahead of Nicolas Sarkozy , and the two will now proceed to a head-to-head contest. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • France has her new President and Mr. Sarkozy appears to mean business. (cnbc.com)
Protestants2
  • Huguenots were French Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who followed the teachings of theologian John Calvin. (history.com)
  • It suffered during the Wars of Religion (late 16th century), and more than half its population emigrated after 1685, when the revocation of the Edict of Nantes deprived French Protestants of their civil and religious liberties. (britannica.com)
19331
  • Air France was formed on 7 October 1933 from a merger of Air Orient , Air Union , Compagnie Générale Aéropostale , Compagnie Internationale de Navigation Aérienne (CIDNA), and Société Générale de Transport Aérien (SGTA) . (wikipedia.org)
20021
  • In late 2002, France supported UN Security Council Resolution 1441, which threatened "serious consequences" against Iraq if it did not comply with weapons inspectors. (freedomhouse.org)
Goons1
  • Most assuredly, Monsieur Macron was elated with the absence of those who, in sacrilegiously anointing themselves with the nom de guerre of "resisters," insulted France and her sons who died fighting Hitler's occupying goons. (courant.com)
Recession2
  • France is poised to drag the eurozone into a fourth quarter of recession as business activity slumps in the region's second-largest economy. (cnn.com)
  • The French recession may have been milder than in other European countries, with GDP falling less and for a shorter period than in Germany or Britain. (economist.com)
Year2
  • The Purchasing Managers' Index flash estimate fell to 47.3, from 48.6 in January, as the decline in French output hit a near four-year low. (cnn.com)
  • The European Central Bank has pointed to recent improvements in survey data as one sign that the eurozone economy should recover later this year but with inflation in Germany and France falling quickly and a strong euro making it harder for exporters, the bank may be forced to relax policy still further. (cnn.com)
21st2
  • PRESIDENT Nicolas Sarkozy's UMP party was soundly beaten in the second round of French regional elections, held on Sunday March 21st, though the defeat could have been worse. (economist.com)
  • A lively, philosophical take of life in 21st century France through the eyes of a cheese loving, wine snorting, 21st century Englishman. (lulu.com)
Riviera2
  • France-Riviera. (lulu.com)
  • For more informations, visit : Souche-Paintings.com *** France-Riviera. (lulu.com)
Multilateralism1
  • Macron Takes Not-So-Subtle Shots at Trump in Speech to Congress On climate, trade, and multilateralism, the French president made it clear he disagrees with Trump. (nymag.com)
Socialist1
  • The process began under Socialist President Francois Mitterrand, who gave the green light for combined operations between French and NATO forces in the Bosnian crisis and increased French participation on a selective basis in meetings of NATO defense ministers and the Alliance's military Committee. (rand.org)
Embassy1
Telegraph1
  • Telegraph View: The French election shows that a disaffected electorate is ready to turn to the extremes - as George Galloway's victory in Bradford showed in Britain. (telegraph.co.uk)
South Korea4
  • Op-ed: The Trump administration has caused allies such as South Korea, France and Germany to reconsider their heavy reliance on the U.S. for security and other matters, says Daniel Drezner. (courant.com)
  • France defender Bixente Lizarazu has tipped South Korea to be a surprise winner of the World Cup. (bbc.co.uk)
  • South Korea can progress to the last 16 according to France coach Roger Lemerre. (bbc.co.uk)
  • A late winner from Frank Leboeuf sees France edge out South Korea 3-2 in their World Cup warm-up game. (bbc.co.uk)