AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and Processes
Fovea CentralisTupaiidaeGanglia, SensoryAotidaeCone OpsinsCatsDicrocoeliasisDicrocoeliumRetinaMacula LuteaRetinal Ganglion CellsNeurons, EfferentVisual FieldsCell CountPhotoreceptor CellsRetinal Rod Photoreceptor CellsNeuronsTomography, Optical CoherenceSpecies SpecificityRetinal Cone Photoreceptor CellsVisual AcuityFundus OculiFluorescein AngiographyChoroidRetinal PigmentsOphthalmoscopyRaptorsOphthalmoscopesScotomaFixation, OcularSensory ThresholdsEaglesRetinoscopyMolesRetinal PerforationsContrast SensitivityScleral DiseasesPhotic StimulationPhotographyVision, OcularColor Vision DefectsMacular DegenerationPsychophysicsRetinal DiseasesVisual Field TestsVision, EntopticMyopia, DegenerativeEpiretinal MembraneMacular EdemaRetinal VesselsOptic DiskVision TestsElectroretinographyPhotoreceptor Cells, VertebrateLipofuscinDiagnostic Techniques, OphthalmologicalVitreous DetachmentRetinal Photoreceptor Cell Inner Segment
Fovea Centralis
An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Tupaiidae
The only family of the order SCANDENTIA, variously included in the order Insectivora or in the order Primates, and often in the order Microscelidea, consisting of five genera. They are TUPAIA, Ananthana (Indian tree shrew), Dendrogale (small smooth-tailed tree shrew), Urogale (Mindanao tree shrew), and Ptilocercus (pen-tailed tree shrew). The tree shrews inhabit the forest areas of eastern Asia from India and southwestern China to Borneo and the Philippines.
Ganglia, Sensory
Clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons. Sensory ganglia may also have intrinsic interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells.
Aotidae
A family of the New World monkeys inhabiting the forests of South and Central America. There is a single genus and several species occurring in this family, including AOTUS TRIVIRGATUS (Northern night monkeys).
Cone Opsins
Photosensitive proteins expressed in the CONE PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are the protein components of cone photopigments. Cone opsins are classified by their peak absorption wavelengths.
Cats
The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)
Dicrocoeliasis
Infection with flukes of the genus Dicrocoelium.
Dicrocoelium
A genus of trematode liver flukes of the family Dicrocoeliidae which includes the species dendriticum and hospes. It occurs in the biliary passages or liver of many vertebrates including man. The intermediate hosts are mainly mollusks but occasionally ants.
Retina
The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.
Macula Lutea
An oval area in the retina, 3 to 5 mm in diameter, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototropic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Retinal Ganglion Cells
Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.
Neurons, Efferent
Neurons which send impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.
Visual Fields
The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.
Cell Count
The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.
Photoreceptor Cells
Specialized cells that detect and transduce light. They are classified into two types based on their light reception structure, the ciliary photoreceptors and the rhabdomeric photoreceptors with MICROVILLI. Ciliary photoreceptor cells use OPSINS that activate a PHOSPHODIESTERASE phosphodiesterase cascade. Rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells use opsins that activate a PHOSPHOLIPASE C cascade.
Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells
Photosensitive afferent neurons located in the peripheral retina, with their density increases radially away from the FOVEA CENTRALIS. Being much more sensitive to light than the RETINAL CONE CELLS, the rod cells are responsible for twilight vision (at scotopic intensities) as well as peripheral vision, but provide no color discrimination.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Tomography, Optical Coherence
An imaging method using LASERS that is used for mapping subsurface structure. When a reflective site in the sample is at the same optical path length (coherence) as the reference mirror, the detector observes interference fringes.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells
Photosensitive afferent neurons located primarily within the FOVEA CENTRALIS of the MACULA LUTEA. There are three major types of cone cells (red, blue, and green) whose photopigments have different spectral sensitivity curves. Retinal cone cells operate in daylight vision (at photopic intensities) providing color recognition and central visual acuity.
Visual Acuity
Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.
Fundus Oculi
The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Fluorescein Angiography
Visualization of a vascular system after intravenous injection of a fluorescein solution. The images may be photographed or televised. It is used especially in studying the retinal and uveal vasculature.
Choroid
The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the RETINA and SCLERA.
Retinal Pigments
Photosensitive protein complexes of varied light absorption properties which are expressed in the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are OPSINS conjugated with VITAMIN A-based chromophores. Chromophores capture photons of light, leading to the activation of opsins and a biochemical cascade that ultimately excites the photoreceptor cells.
Ophthalmoscopy
Examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope.
Raptors
BIRDS that hunt and kill other animals, especially higher vertebrates, for food. They include the FALCONIFORMES order, or diurnal birds of prey, comprised of EAGLES, falcons, HAWKS, and others, as well as the STRIGIFORMES order, or nocturnal birds of prey, which includes OWLS.
Ophthalmoscopes
Devices for examining the interior of the eye, permitting the clear visualization of the structures of the eye at any depth. (UMDNS, 1999)
Scotoma
A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.
Fixation, Ocular
The positioning and accommodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye.
Sensory Thresholds
The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response.
Eagles
Large members of the FALCONIFORMES order of birds, family Accipitridae, most especially the genera Aquila, Haliaeetus, Harpia, and Circaetus. They are characterized by their powerful talons, which carry long, curved, pointed claws and by their opposable hindtoe.
Retinoscopy
An objective determination of the refractive state of the eye (NEARSIGHTEDNESS; FARSIGHTEDNESS; ASTIGMATISM). By using a RETINOSCOPE, the amount of correction and the power of lens needed can be determined.
Moles
Any of numerous burrowing mammals found in temperate regions and having minute eyes often covered with skin.
Retinal Perforations
Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.
Contrast Sensitivity
The ability to detect sharp boundaries (stimuli) and to detect slight changes in luminance at regions without distinct contours. Psychophysical measurements of this visual function are used to evaluate visual acuity and to detect eye disease.
Scleral Diseases
General disorders of the sclera or white of the eye. They may include anatomic, embryologic, degenerative, or pigmentation defects.
Photic Stimulation
Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.
Photography
Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy.
Vision, Ocular
The process in which light signals are transformed by the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS into electrical signals which can then be transmitted to the brain.
Color Vision Defects
Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.
Psychophysics
The science dealing with the correlation of the physical characteristics of a stimulus, e.g., frequency or intensity, with the response to the stimulus, in order to assess the psychologic factors involved in the relationship.
Retinal Diseases
Visual Field Tests
Method of measuring and mapping the scope of vision, from central to peripheral of each eye.
Vision, Entoptic
Visual sensation derived from sensory stimulation by objects or shadows inside the eye itself, such as floating vitreous fibers, tissues, or blood.
Myopia, Degenerative
Excessive axial myopia associated with complications (especially posterior staphyloma and CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION) that can lead to BLINDNESS.
Epiretinal Membrane
A membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) retinal pigment epithelial cells. Localized epiretinal membranes may occur at the posterior pole of the eye without clinical signs or may cause marked loss of vision as a result of covering, distorting, or detaching the fovea centralis. Epiretinal membranes may cause vascular leakage and secondary retinal edema. In younger individuals some membranes appear to be developmental in origin and occur in otherwise normal eyes. The majority occur in association with retinal holes, ocular concussions, retinal inflammation, or after ocular surgery. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p291)
Macular Edema
Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)
Retinal Vessels
The blood vessels which supply and drain the RETINA.
Optic Disk
The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.
Vision Tests
A series of tests used to assess various functions of the eyes.
Electroretinography
Recording of electric potentials in the retina after stimulation by light.
Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate
Specialized PHOTOTRANSDUCTION neurons in the vertebrates, such as the RETINAL ROD CELLS and the RETINAL CONE CELLS. Non-visual photoreceptor neurons have been reported in the deep brain, the PINEAL GLAND and organs of the circadian system.
Lipofuscin
A naturally occurring lipid pigment with histochemical characteristics similar to ceroid. It accumulates in various normal tissues and apparently increases in quantity with age.
Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological
Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the eye or of vision disorders.
Vitreous Detachment
Detachment of the corpus vitreum (VITREOUS BODY) from its normal attachments, especially the retina, due to shrinkage from degenerative or inflammatory conditions, trauma, myopia, or senility.
Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Inner Segment
The inner portion of a retinal rod or a cone photoreceptor cell, situated between the PHOTORECEPTOR CONNECTING CILIUM and the synapse with the adjacent neurons (RETINAL BIPOLAR CELLS; RETINAL HORIZONTAL CELLS). The inner segment contains the cell body, the nucleus, the mitochondria, and apparatus for protein synthesis.

Optical, receptoral, and retinal constraints on foveal and peripheral vision in the human neonate. (1/692)

We examined the properties of the foveal, parafoveal, and near peripheral cone lattice in human neonates. To estimate the ability of these lattices to transmit the information used in contrast sensitivity and visual acuity tasks, we constructed ideal-observer models with the optics and photoreceptors of the neonatal eye at retinal eccentricities of 0, 5, and 10 degrees. For ideal-observer models limited by photon noise, the eye's optics, and cone properties, contrast sensitivity was higher in the parafovea and near periphery than in the fovea. However, receptor pooling probably occurs in the neonate's parafovea and near periphery as it does in mature eyes. When we add a receptor-pooling stage to the models of the parafovea and near periphery, ideal acuity is similar in the fovea, parafovea, and near periphery. Comparisons of ideal and real sensitivity indicate that optical and receptoral immaturities impose a significant constraint on neonatal contrast sensitivity and acuity, but that immaturities in later processing stages must also limit visual performance.  (+info)

Radiotherapy for isolated occult subfoveal neovascularisation in age related macular degeneration: a pilot study. (2/692)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Teletherapy has been proposed as a possible treatment for choroidal neovascular membranes (CNV), secondary to age related macular degeneration (AMD) not amenable to laser photocoagulation. The aim of this prospective study has been to investigate the effect of teletherapy on isolated occult choroidal neovascular membranes of subfoveal location. METHODS: 28 AMD patients presenting with retrofoveal isolated occult CNV demonstrated by fluorescein angiography were treated by external beam radiation. A complete ophthalmological examination, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography (ICG) were performed within 15 days before treatment and repeated at follow up. A total dose of 16 Gy was applied in four sessions of 4 Gy using a 4 MeV photon beam. Follow up ranged from 6 to 9 months (mean follow up 6.4 months). RESULTS: Visual acuity was found to be stable in 68% of the cases. The decrease in visual acuity was of 3-6 lines in 18% and of more than 6 lines in 10% of the eyes at last examination. On fluorescein angiography the size of the lesion area was found to be stable in 67%, decreased in 13%, and increased in 20% of the cases. On ICG angiography the size of the CNV was stable in 93% and increased in 7% of the cases. All the eyes experiencing a visual acuity decrease showed either no change or an increase in size of the membrane on fluorescein angiography and/or on ICG. CONCLUSION: According to this study with strict inclusion criteria, external beam radiotherapy seems to have a beneficial effect on the evolution of isolated occult subfoveal CNV.  (+info)

Contour integration in the peripheral field. (3/692)

Contour integration was measured in the normal peripheral field to determine if an explanation based solely on the known peripheral positional uncertainty was sufficient to explain performance. The task involved the detection of paths composed of micropatterns with correlated carrier orientations embedded in a field of similar micropatterns of random position and orientation (Field, D. J., Hayes A., & Hess, R. F. (1993). Vision Research, 33, 173-193). The intrinsic positional uncertainty for each eccentric locus was measured with the same stimulus and it did not account for levels of peripheral performance. We show that peripheral performance on this task does not get worse with eccentricity beyond about 10 degrees and that these results can be modeled by simple filtering without any subsequent cellular linking interactions.  (+info)

The effects of temporal noise and retinal illuminance on foveal flicker sensitivity. (4/692)

We measured foveal flicker sensitivity with and without external added temporal noise at various levels of retinal illuminance and described the data with our model of flicker sensitivity comprising: (i) low-pass filtering of the flickering signal plus external temporal and/or quantal noise by the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the retina (R): (ii) high-pass filtering in proportion to temporal frequency by the MTF of the postreceptoral neural pathways (P): (iii) addition of internal white neural noise; and (iv) detection by a temporal matched filter. Without temporal noise flicker sensitivity had a band-pass frequency-dependence at high and medium illuminances but changed towards a low-pass shape above 0.5 Hz at low luminances, in agreement with earlier studies. In strong external temporal noise, however, the flicker sensitivity function had a low-pass shape even at high and medium illuminances and flicker sensitivity was consistently lower with noise than without. At low luminances flicker sensitivity was similar with and without noise. An excellent fit of the model was obtained under the assumption that the only luminance-dependent changes were increases in the cut-off frequency (fc) and maximum contrast transfer of R with increasing luminance. The results imply the following: (i) performance is consistent with detection by a temporal matched filter, but not with a thresholding process based on signal amplitude; (ii) quantal fluctuations do not at any luminance level become a source of dominant noise present at the detector; (iii) the changes in the maximum contrast transfer reflect changes in retinal gain, which at low to moderate luminances implement less-than-Weber adaptation, with a 'square-root' law at the lowest levels; (iv) the changes of fc as function of mean luminance closely parallels time scale changes in cones, but the absolute values of fc are lower than expected from the kinetics of monkey cones at all luminances; (v) the constancy of the high-pass filtering function P indicates that surround antagonism does not weaken significantly with decreasing light level.  (+info)

Eye movements of rhesus monkeys directed towards imaginary targets. (5/692)

Is the presence of foveal stimulation a necessary prerequisite for rhesus monkeys to perform visually guided eye movements? To answer this question, we trained two rhesus monkeys to direct their eyes towards imaginary targets defined by extrafoveal cues. Independent of the type of target, real or imaginary, the trajectory of target movement determined the type of eye movement produced: steps in target position resulted in saccades and ramps in target position resulted in smooth pursuit eye movements. There was a tendency for the latency of saccades as well as pursuit onset latency to be delayed in the case of an imaginary target in comparison to the real target. The initial eye acceleration during smooth pursuit initiation elicited by an imaginary target decreased in comparison to the acceleration elicited by a real target. The steady-state pursuit gain was quite similar during pursuit of an imaginary or a real target. Our results strengthen the notion that pursuit is not exclusively a foveal function.  (+info)

Peripheral vision and oculomotor control during visual search. (6/692)

The present study concerns the dynamics of multiple fixation search. We tried to gain insight into: (1) how the peripheral and foveal stimulus affect fixation duration; and (2) how fixation duration affects the peripheral target selection for saccades. We replicated the non-corroborating results of Luria and Strauss (1975) ('Eye movements during search for coded and uncoded targets', Perception and Psychophysics 17, 303-308) (saccades were selective), and Zelinsky (1996) (Using eye movements to assess the selectivity of search movements. Vision research 36(14), 2177-2187) (saccades were not selective), by manipulating the critical features for peripheral selection and discrimination separately. We found search to be more selective and efficient when the selection task was easy or when fixations were long-lasting. Remarkably, subjects did not increase their fixation durations when the peripheral selection task was more difficult. Only the discrimination task affected the fixation duration. This implies that the time available for peripheral target selection is determined mainly by the discrimination task. The results of the present experiment suggest that, besides the difficulty of the peripheral selection task, fixation duration is an important factor determining the selection of potential targets for eye movements.  (+info)

Contrast dependency of foveal spatial functions: orientation, vernier, separation, blur and displacement discrimination and the tilt and Poggendorff illusions. (7/692)

To examine the effect of reducing luminance contrast in human foveal vision, discrimination thresholds were measured in four tasks and also a numerical measure of two visual illusions were obtained by a nulling technique. The patterns used for all tasks were made very similar to facilitate comparison between them--all featured luminance step edges whose contrast could be varied from near unity down to the detection threshold. Orientation, vernier and blur discrimination thresholds rise on average 5-6-fold when the contrast is reduced from near unity to a Michelson value of 0.03. Jump displacement thresholds are somewhat more robust to contrast reduction, and the curve of separation discrimination versus contrast is much shallower, rising by a factor of about 2. The magnitude of the Poggendorff and tilt illusions changes very little until the inducing contours are barely detectable.  (+info)

Temporal resolution deficits in the visual fields of MS patients. (8/692)

We assessed the relationship between temporal resolution and MS-induced neuropathy. A diagnostic strategy comprising assessments of temporal resolution at 16 points in the extra-foveal visual field up to 12 degrees from the fovea was first compared with foveal temporal resolution and with a standard VEP procedure in the same MS patients. At the group level, foveal temporal resolution was less sensitive to demyelination than the 16-point diagnostic strategy, the detection rate of which was comparable to that of the VEP procedure. Cross-sensitivity of the VEP and the 16-point diagnostic procedure was low. Subsequently, the average severity of MS-induced temporal resolution deficits was studied at three retinal loci of the same size but different eccentricities. Foveal deficits were not significantly greater than more peripheral deficits within the central 12 degrees.  (+info)

Noninvasive imaging of the foveal avascular zone with high-speed, phase-variance optical coherence tomography<...Noninvasive imaging of the foveal avascular zone with high-speed, phase-variance optical coherence tomography<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Noninvasive imaging of the foveal avascular zone with high-speed, phase-variance optical coherence tomography. AU - Kim, Dae Yu. AU - Fingler, Jeff. AU - Zawadzki, Robert. AU - Park, Susanna Soon Chun. AU - Morse, Lawrence S. AU - Schwartz, Daniel M.. AU - Fraser, Scott E.. AU - Werner, John S. PY - 2012/1. Y1 - 2012/1. N2 - PURPOSE. To demonstrate the application of phase-variance optical coherence tomography (pvOCT) for contrast agent-free in vivo imaging of volumetric retinal microcirculation in the human foveal region and for extraction of foveal avascular zone dimensions. METHODS. A custom-built, high-speed Fourier-domain OCT retinal imaging system was used to image retinas of two healthy subjects and eight diabetic patients. Through the acquisition of multiple B-scans for each scan location, phase differences between consecutive scans were extracted and used for phasevariance contrast, identifying motion signals from within blood vessels and capillaries. The en face ...
https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/noninvasive-imaging-of-the-foveal-avascular-zone-with-high-speed-
FOVEA: a new program to standardize the measurement of foveal pit morphology [PeerJ]FOVEA: a new program to standardize the measurement of foveal pit morphology [PeerJ]
The fovea is one of the most studied retinal specializations in vertebrates, which consists of an invagination of the retinal tissue with high packing of cone photoreceptors, leading to high visual resolution. Between species, foveae differ morphologically in the depth and width of the foveal pit and the steepness of the foveal walls, which could influence visual perception. However, there is no standardized methodology to measure the contour of the foveal pit across species. We present here FOVEA, a program for the quantification of foveal parameters (width, depth, slope of foveal pit) using images from histological cross-sections or optical coherence tomography (OCT). FOVEA is based on a new algorithm to detect the inner retina contour based on the color variation of the image. We evaluated FOVEA by comparing the fovea morphology of two Passerine birds based on histological cross-sections and its performance with data from previously published OCT images. FOVEA detected differences between species and
https://peerj.com/articles/1785/
Most recent papers with the keyword Codependence | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Codependence | Read by QxMD
PURPOSE: To assess the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) retinal vessel density and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and compare potential pathologic early changes in this population to healthy age-matched controls. METHODS: This study included 130 pubescent children: 94 with T1D (188 eyes) and 36 of their age-matched control group (60 eyes). OCTA was performed using AngioVue (Avanti, Optivue). FAZ area (mm2) in superficial plexus, whole superficial capillary vessel density (wsVD), fovea superficial vessel density (fsVD), parafovea superficial vessel density (psVD), whole deep vessel density (wdVD), fovea deep vessel density (fdVD), parafovea deep vessel density (pdVD), foveal thickness (FT) (μm) and parafoveal thickness (PFT) (μm) were taken into analysis ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/481
Repeatability and reproducibility of foveal avascular zone area measurement on normal eyes by different optical coherence...Repeatability and reproducibility of foveal avascular zone area measurement on normal eyes by different optical coherence...
The inter-operator agreement was excellent for Spectralis [ICC= 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93 to 0.98), good for Nidek RS-3000 [ICC= 0.93 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.98) at the SCP. It was good at the DCP with both devices [ICC: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.52 to 0.87) with Nidek RS3000; and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.91) with Spectralis]. Conclusions : OCTA is a reliable method for the quantification of FAZ area, particularly when measured in the SCP. However, FAZ area measurements obtained with different OCTA devices are different. These differences appear to be primarily attributable to the analysis algorithms used to set SCP and DCP. These findings should be taken in consideration when planning a follow-up of patients with retinal vascular diseases that affect capillary plexuses. This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2017 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Baltimore, MD, May 7-11, 2017.. ...
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2641831&resultClick=1
Race- and Sex-Related Differences in Retinal Thickness and Foveal Pit Morphology | IOVS | ARVO JournalsRace- and Sex-Related Differences in Retinal Thickness and Foveal Pit Morphology | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Consistent with our findings, in examining racial differences in foveal morphology, Nolan et al. 30 reported that white subjects had significantly narrower foveal width measurements than did nonwhite subjects (P , 0.05). However they observed about a 100-μm difference in foveal diameter between whites and nonwhites, which is half the magnitude of the difference we report here. The most likely explanation of the discrepancy is the mixed ethic makeup of their nonwhite group (five Indian, six Asian, three Hispanic/Spanish, and four black), whereas we were examining exclusively Africans and African Americans. Across all their subjects, the absolute value of foveal diameter reported by Nolan et al. ranged from 0.63 to 1.67 mm across, while ours ranged from 1.54 to 2.51 mm in our 90 subjects. It is not surprising that our estimates, which are based on the rim-to-rim diameter are larger than those reported by Nolan et al., which are based on caliper measurements from peak foveal crest-to-crest and ...
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2128073
Parafovea | SpringerLinkParafovea | SpringerLink
Parafoveal vision The parafovea may refer to a position at a visual angle of approximately 4° from the normal fixation point or to the region extending to that angle from the fovea. It is...
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-8071-7_215
ON THE VISIBILITY OF RADIATION AT THE HUMAN FOVEA | Journal of General Physiology | Rockefeller University PressON THE VISIBILITY OF RADIATION AT THE HUMAN FOVEA | Journal of General Physiology | Rockefeller University Press
1. Seeing-frequency functions (ψ[S]) determined uniocularly for small (1.6), brief images at the thoroughly dark-adapted human central fovea take the form of l
https://rupress.org/jgp/article/34/1/87/12708/ON-THE-VISIBILITY-OF-RADIATION-AT-THE-HUMAN-FOVEA?searchresult=1
Reliability and validity of digital assessment of perifoveal capillary network measurement using high-resolution imaging |...Reliability and validity of digital assessment of perifoveal capillary network measurement using high-resolution imaging |...
Results The inter-observer concordance coefficients were highly significant for PCN (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.901, 95% CI 0.655 to 0.975, p,0.001) and normalised PCN (ICC=0.727, 95% CI 0.262 to 0.923, p=0.004). The intra-observer measurements at two different time points were also highly concordant for PCN (ICC=0.879, 95% CI 0.598 to 0.968, p,0.001) and for normalised PCN (ICC=0.960, 95% CI 0.851 to 0.990, p,0.001).. ...
http://bjo.bmj.com/content/early/2014/02/07/bjophthalmol-2013-304100
OCTA Analysis In Children After Lensectomy - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.govOCTA Analysis In Children After Lensectomy - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The aim of this study is to quantify and compare the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), the parafoveal and foveal vessel density of superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and retinal thickness in deprivation amblyopic eyes, fellow non-amblyopic eyes, and age-matched normal eyes, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The FAZ, parafoveal and foveal SCP and DCP, and retinal thickness were measured in normal controls and at least 3 months postoperatively in children with unilateral cataract and compared between groups after adjusting for axial length and spherical equivalents ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04217772
Directional and nondirectional spectral reflection from the human foveaDirectional and nondirectional spectral reflection from the human fovea
The |i|Journal of Biomedical Optics|/i| (JBO) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the use of novel optical systems and techniques for improved health care and biomedical research.
https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/journal-of-biomedical-optics/volume-13/issue-02/024010/Directional-and-nondirectional-spectral-reflection-from-the-human-fovea/10.1117/1.2899151.full
Fovea legal definition of foveaFovea legal definition of fovea
Definition of fovea in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is fovea? Meaning of fovea as a legal term. What does fovea mean in law?
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fovea
Foveola pharyngica | Radiology Case | Radiopaedia.orgFoveola pharyngica | Radiology Case | Radiopaedia.org
A small blind ending canal is present in the midline, pointing posterosuperiorly into the clivus. This is a characteristic location for a foveola pharyngica. ...
https://radiopaedia.org/cases/foveola-pharyngica
EURETINA Official | Official EURETINA Website | European Society of Retina SpecialistsEURETINA Official | Official EURETINA Website | European Society of Retina Specialists
In 8 treated eyes (50%) PDT led to a decrease in visual complaints at the first evaluation visit. At this visit, extrafoveal SRF on OCT had resolved in 14 eyes (88%), whereas a complete resolution of extrafoveal SRF had occurred in all eyes at final follow-up visit. At baseline, posterior cystoid retinal degeneration was also present in 5 eyes (31%), and at all evaluation visits this remained present in the same percentage of patients. In the treated eyes choroidal thickness showed a trend to decrease, both foveally and at the location of the maximum height of extrafoveal SRF ...
http://www.euretina.org/barcelona2017/programme/posters-details.asp?id=13649
June 2019 - horse cialisnnk comJune 2019 - horse cialisnnk com
Simultaneous measurement of two-point-spread functions at different locations across the human fovea. The incidence of clinician-diagnosed PsA was ascertained and confirmed by supplementary questionnaires. This growth cialis generika preis factor function is seen in lymphoma, melanoma, colorectal, liver, lung, breast, prostate ...
http://horse.cialisnnk.com/2019/06/
Deadline Extended: Review Your Physician Compare Data Now; Preview Period Ends on Dec. 1, 2017 | ASCRSDeadline Extended: Review Your Physician Compare Data Now; Preview Period Ends on Dec. 1, 2017 | ASCRS
The Physician Compare 30-day preview period is officially open. Clinicians and groups can now preview their 2016 performance information before it is publicly reported on Physician Compare later this year. You can access the secured preview site through the Provider Quality Information Portal (PQIP). You will need an active Enterprise Identity Management (EIDM) system account to preview your data. The 30-day preview period ends on December 1, 2017, at 8:00 p.m. ET.. Why preview?. ...
http://ascrs.org/node/31036
Profound Atrophy in Fovea Causes & Reasons - SymptomaProfound Atrophy in Fovea Causes & Reasons - Symptoma
Profound Atrophy in Fovea Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Cystoid Macular Dystrophy. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! Talk to our Chatbot to narrow down your search.
https://www.symptoma.com/en/ddx/profound-atrophy-in-fovea
Prevue vs. Berke - Prevue HRPrevue vs. Berke - Prevue HR
Prevue: Aiming for the fine balance between being straightforward and having a comprehensive result, our Prevue Job-Fit report has one standardized format. Along with the customizable benchmarks and the shared core assessment, by using the same report format, youll be able to compare your candidates to different job positions that may be a better fit, or use it in succession planning for future job growth.. Our report is divided into several parts. Youll find a Prevue Results Graph comparing the candidates assessment results to the job-fit profile you have customized for the role. The suitability score in the report comes from a formula that analyzes the areas where the candidate has landed (or not landed) on the benchmark - meaning the higher the score, the better match they are with the job.. We complement these findings by providing you an interview guide that targets areas off the benchmark. These suggested questions are designed to probe at how this may affect the candidates performance ...
https://prevuehr.com/comparisons/prevue-vs-berke/
Anisepyris carolinianus Evans 1965 - Plazi TreatmentBankAnisepyris carolinianus Evans 1965 - Plazi TreatmentBank
antennal scrobe ecarinate. Eye large. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocelli very small. Vertex straight. Pronotal disc as long as wide, sparsely punctate; transverse pronotal carina absent; posterior margin without posterior pronotal sulcus. Notaulus very narrow. Mesoscutellar disc with mesoscutellar sulcus narrow. Metapectal-propodeal disc long; metapostnotal median carina complete; longitudinal ridges present; metapostnotal-propodeal suture straight; paraspiracular carina absent; metapleural carina present and conspicuous; metapectal-propodeal disc polished; propodeal declivity strigate. Mesopleuron with anterior fovea closed; mesopleural fovea closed; lower fovea closed; posterior fovea absent; mesopleural suture closed. Forewing with stigma developed; Rs&M vein not distinguished. Mesotibia spinose; claws trifid.. Metasomal segments sparsely setose. Genitalia. T9 with anterior arm long and overlapping 2vf; 1vv as long as genitalia body; 2vv as long as 1vv length, smoothly narrowing ...
http://treatment.plazi.org/GgServer/html/039D87C45CB5FF1048F6FA43FDD2FC35
The Ultimate Guide to Preview Text - LitmusThe Ultimate Guide to Preview Text - Litmus
While the inbox is the first thing a subscriber sees, its often the last thing considered when creating an email. Every inbox shows the sender (or from) name and subject line for an email. Many also display some preview text. And optimizing preview text is one of the most effective ways to increase open rates-sometimes up to 45%. In this post, well cover what preview text is, how to use it, and where its supported.
https://www.litmus.com/blog/the-ultimate-guide-to-preview-text-support/
Lightroom Performance - Previews & Caches | The Lightroom QueenLightroom Performance - Previews & Caches | The Lightroom Queen
Learn the difference between Lightrooms previews, smart previews and other caches, so you can select the right ones to optimize Lightrooms performance.
https://www.lightroomqueen.com/lightroom-performance-previews-caches/
Microsoft Office 2010 Technical Preview Features and Full Release DetailsMicrosoft Office 2010 Technical Preview Features and Full Release Details
Microsoft Office 2010 has been a hit as a much downloaded technical preview. What new features are in Office 2010 and what can users expect the retail release to look like now that the technical preview is wrapping up?
http://www.brighthub.com/computing/windows-platform/articles/70166.aspx
Preview Day | Admission & Aid | Luther CollegePreview Day | Admission & Aid | Luther College
If you are a high school junior or senior just getting started with the college search, visiting us during this event is a great option to get an introductory look at Luther. Make sure to bring your parents, since we have activities for them, too.. The registration deadline for the October 17 Preview Day is Tuesday, October 15.. Preview Day Schedule. ...
http://www.luther.edu/admissions/events/?start_date=2013-01-21&event_id=483507&date=2013-10-17
Technical Preview SupportTechnical Preview Support
Technical preview functionality is supported for evaluation purposes but is unwarranted and is not production-ready. Informatica recommends that you use in non-production environments only. Informatica intends to include the preview functionality in an upcoming release for production use, but might choose not to in accordance with changing market or technical circumstances. For more information, contact Informatica Global Customer Support ...
https://docs.informatica.com/data-engineering/shared-content-for-data-engineering/10-2-2-service-pack-1/release-guide/version-10-2-2/notices--new-features--and-changes--10-2-2-service-pack-1-/notices--10-2-2-service-pack-1-/support-changes/technical-preview-support.html
Focusing on the fovea | Macular Disease Foundation AustraliaFocusing on the fovea | Macular Disease Foundation Australia
Written by Peter Reuell - The Harvard Gazette - 21 February 2019First cellular atlas could prove valuable resource in study of blinding diseasesFor decades, scientists have turned to the retina of the humble laboratory mouse as an ideal model organism for understanding how neurons connect to form circuits in the brain. But as a model for vision and vision-related diseases,
https://www.mdfoundation.com.au/content/focusing-fovea
Depth of View Preview.. i still dun geddit.Depth of View Preview.. i still dun geddit.
Pardon me for the goodu question but, I still dun get the depth on view preview function. :dunno: I understand that wat it does is to allow me to see how much the apperture opens (i think). But except for making the viewfinder darker (for a smaller apperture) how does it allow me to gauge how much depth of field will appear in my shot? I mean I cant really tell if the DOP is going to be shallower or deeper. What / how am I to use it effectively? Danke....
http://www.clubsnap.com/forums/showthread.php?t=11006
Windows 10 Technical Preview 2: Build 10041 Heads to ISO, Slow Ring Testers - Thurrott.comWindows 10 Technical Preview 2: Build 10041 Heads to ISO, Slow Ring Testers - Thurrott.com
The latest build of Windows 10 Technical Preview 2 has apparently hit the expected quality bar and, as a result, is now available as in ISO download form.
https://www.thurrott.com/windows/windows-10/2348/windows-10-technical-preview-2-build-10041-heads-to-iso-slow-ring-testers
Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) PreviewWindows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) Preview
Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) Preview news post from TweakTowns online news computing and technology content pages
https://www.tweaktown.com/news/1931/windows_preinstallation_environment_winpe_preview/index.html
CityFolk Day 4 Preview - The RevueCityFolk Day 4 Preview - The Revue
Ten acts for CityFolk and 50 performances associated with Marvest. Let our CityFolk Day 4 Preview help you choose what to see and where and when to see them
https://therevue.ca/2015/09/19/cityfolk-day-4-preview/
CAMX 2019: Exhibit previews, part 2 | CompositesWorldCAMX 2019: Exhibit previews, part 2 | CompositesWorld
CAMX 2019 is just a few weeks away, so it’s time to start thinking about what you will encounter on the show floor. This is part two of a two-part series that previews some of the products, technologies and services that will be on display.
https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/camx-2019-exhibit-previews-part-2
Mean Streets of Gadgetzan: Preview of Revealed Neutral Cards - News - Icy Veins ForumsMean Streets of Gadgetzan: Preview of Revealed Neutral Cards - News - Icy Veins Forums
The next expansion, Mean Streets of Gadgetzan, has been announced, and many of the cards have been spoiled already. This preview discusses the neutral...
https://www.icy-veins.com/forums/topic/25573-mean-streets-of-gadgetzan-preview-of-revealed-neutral-cards/
Research Preview for IAS 2015 (Part 1): Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies; START Study; Cure Updates; and More - TheBodyPRO.comResearch Preview for IAS 2015 (Part 1): Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies; START Study; Cure Updates; and More - TheBodyPRO.com
TheBodyPRO.com will be providing on-the-ground reporting and coverage for IAS 2015. But before we get there, heres part one of our preview on the ...
http://www.thebodypro.com/content/76116/research-preview-for-ias-2015-part-1-broadly-neutr.html?ic=4003
preVIEW: COVID-19 Preprint Viewer | ZB MEDpreVIEW: COVID-19 Preprint Viewer | ZB MED
The ZB MED preprint Viewer preVIEW includes all COVID-19, corona, SARS-CoV-2 related preprints from medRxiv, bioRxiv, arXiv, Preprints.org and ChemRxiv.
https://preview.zbmed.de/?search=%28%28concept%3AD002779%29+AND+concept%3A0002721%29+AND+concept%3AD056486
preVIEW: COVID-19 Preprint Viewer | ZB MEDpreVIEW: COVID-19 Preprint Viewer | ZB MED
The ZB MED preprint Viewer preVIEW includes all COVID-19, corona, SARS-CoV-2 related preprints from medRxiv, bioRxiv, arXiv, Preprints.org and ChemRxiv.
https://preview.zbmed.de/?search=%28%28concept%3AD002779%29+AND+concept%3A0002027%29+AND+concept%3Aage
Intravitreal ranibizumab associated with subfoveal choroidal thinning in idiopathic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization -...Intravitreal ranibizumab associated with subfoveal choroidal thinning in idiopathic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization -...
Intravitreal ranibizumab therapy was associated with thinning of the subfoveal choroid in patients treated for unilateral idiopathic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization, a study found. The prospective study included 16 patients with unilateral idiopathic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization who underwent a single intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg ranibizumab and subsequent injections as needed. Investigators used enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography to measure subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT). Mean patient age was 31.9 years. Visual acuity was also evaluated. Full Story →. ...
http://www.linkoph.com/2014/04/16/intravitreal-ranibizumab-associated-with-subfoveal-choroidal-thinning-in-idiopathic-subfoveal-choroidal-neovascularization/
Discrepancy in Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Healthy Adults with Isometropia<...Discrepancy in Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Healthy Adults with Isometropia<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Discrepancy in Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Healthy Adults with Isometropia. AU - Kang, Hae M.. AU - Kim, Suk J.. AU - Koh, Hyoung J.. AU - Lee, Christopher S.. AU - Lee, Sung C.. PY - 2015/11. Y1 - 2015/11. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84930817420&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84930817420&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.015. DO - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.015. M3 - Article. C2 - 26077577. AN - SCOPUS:84930817420. VL - 122. SP - 2363. EP - 2364. JO - Ophthalmology. JF - Ophthalmology. SN - 0161-6420. IS - 11. ER - ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/discrepancy-in-subfoveal-choroidal-thickness-in-healthy-adults-wi-2
3.5 Midget Pathways of the primate retina underlie resolution and red green color opponency. By Helga Kolb - Webvision3.5 Midget Pathways of the primate retina underlie resolution and red green color opponency. By Helga Kolb - Webvision
The respective midget bipolar cells are almost solely synaptic upon single midget ganglion cells (Fig. 14), except in the very central fovea where a few midget bipolar synapses are shared with neighboring midget ganglion cells because of the crowding of neurons and neuropil (Fig. 13). Since we know (Nelson et al., 1978) that ganglion cells branching in sublamina a will be OFF center and those branching in sublamina b will be ON center we can be sure that midget ganglion cells branching close to the amacrine cell layer will be OFF center and those branching close to the ganglion cell layer will be ON center. This ON and OFF midget ganglion cell organization in primate has now been proved conclusively by Dacey and coauthors (2000). So it appears that in the foveal region and out to the borders of the central retina (about 4 mm from the fovea center) the midget pathways of the human fovea are organized in the following manner: 1 cone to 2 midget bipolar cells (ON- and OFF-center bipolar types) to 2 ...
http://webvision.instead-technologies.com/part-iii-retinal-circuits/3-5-midget-pathways-of-the-primate-retina-underlie-resolution-and-red-green-color-opponency/
Macular vasculature, visual acuity, and irreversibly sickled cells in homozygous sickle cell disease. | British Journal of...Macular vasculature, visual acuity, and irreversibly sickled cells in homozygous sickle cell disease. | British Journal of...
Observations of visual acuity and the conjunctival, macular, and perimacular vascularity have been assessed in patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease. There were 17 matched pairs, each consisting of one patient with a high count (greater than or equal to 15%) and one with a low count (less than or equal to 5%) of irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs). The macular vascular bed was assessed by measurements of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), perimacular avascular zones, and counts of perimacular vascular abnormalities (perimacular counts). Small foveal avascular zones and high perimacular counts were commoner in younger than older patients and there was a significant inverse correlation between size of the FAZ and the perimacular count. These observations were compatible with the hypothesis that perimacular vessel anomalies represent the early vaso-occlusive phase which progresses to ischaemia and the formation and enlargement of avascular areas. Visual acuity was assessed by Snellens test ...
http://bjo.bmj.com/content/66/3/155
Correlation between retinal function and microstructural foveal changes in intermediate age related macular degeneration |...Correlation between retinal function and microstructural foveal changes in intermediate age related macular degeneration |...
To assess foveal microstructural changes influencing retinal sensitivity (RS) and fixation stability using microperimeter MP-1 in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this cross-sectional study, 22 eyes of 22 patients (mean age: 75 ± 9.02 years) with intermediate AMD were enrolled. Retinal sensitivity and bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) were obtained by microperimetry MP-1 (Humphrey 10-2 68-loci grid) under mesopic conditions. Drusen type, drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment, hyperreflective foci (HF), integrity of external limiting membrane (ELM), inner ellipsoid zone (ISel), RPE/Bruchs membrane complex (RPE/B) and subfoveal choroidal thickness were analyzed in the foveal region and compared with RS and BCEA. Spearmans rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between variables. Logistic regression analysis was also used to assess morphological predictor influencing RS or BCEA. RS was strongly and inversely related with the presence of HF (r =
https://journalretinavitreous.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40942-017-0061-3/email/correspondent/c1/new
Clinical optical coherence tomography angiography registration and analysis | SummitClinical optical coherence tomography angiography registration and analysis | Summit
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) is an emerging imaging modality with which the retinal circulation can be visualized by computing the decorrelation signal on a pixel-by-pixel basis. This non-invasive, in vivo visualization of the retinal microvasculature can be instrumental in studying the onset and development of retinal vascular diseases. Quantitative measurements, such as capillary density, can be used to stratify the risk of disease progression, visual loss, and also for monitoring the course of disease. Due to projection artifact and poor contrast, it is often difficult to trace individual vessels when only one en face image is visualized. Averaging of up to 10 serially acquired OCT-A images with parallel strip-wise microsaccadic noise removal and localized nonrigid registration is presented. Additionally, the use of a deep learning method for the quantification of Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) parameters and perifoveal capillary density of prototype and commercial OCT-A ...
http://summit.sfu.ca/item/17132
OCT-Angiography in diabetic maculopathy : Comparison between microaneurysms and the foveal avascular zone with flourescein...OCT-Angiography in diabetic maculopathy : Comparison between microaneurysms and the foveal avascular zone with flourescein...
OCTA allows a good visualization of characteristic vascular changes in diabetic maculopathy. In spite of technical limitations OCTA generates a three-dimensional visualisation of avascular changes. The majority of microaneurysms detected by OCTA showed a corresponding finding in FA. The central avas …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29214344/
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) by Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gaehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson and Don Anderson - WebvisionAge-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) by Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gaehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson and Don Anderson - Webvision
Fig. 36. a) Horizontal OCT scan throught the foveal region of subfoveal CNV seen in the photos above before anti-VEGF therapy. b) Horizontal OCT scan throught the fovea after multiple injections with anti-VEGF therapy (both bevicizumab and ranibizumab). c) : Horizontal OCT scan through the fovea 6 months after the last anti-VEGF therapy injection without recurrence of subretinal or intraretinal fluid and visual acuity maintained at the 20/25 level. One concern with all anti-angiogenic agents is their potential for systemic inhibition of VEGF that may produce cardiovascular or cerebrovascular complications, or inhibit wound healing. The immediate and long-term systemic effects of these drugs, especially those prescribed off-label, are largely unknown and difficult to determine in an elderly population already prone to vascular events. Additional drawbacks to the intravitreally administered therapeutics include patient discomfort, intraocular infection (endophthalmitis), retinal tear or ...
https://webvision.med.utah.edu/book/part-xii-cell-biology-of-retinal-degenerations/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd/
EXTEND III - Efficacy and Safety of Ranibizumab in Patients With Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) Secondary to Age...EXTEND III - Efficacy and Safety of Ranibizumab in Patients With Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) Secondary to Age...
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00470678
CyberMD: Tay Sach disease (PowerPoint presentation)CyberMD: Tay Sach disease (PowerPoint presentation)
This red spot is a retinal area that appears red because of gangliosides in the surrounding retinal ganglion cells. The choroidal circulation is showing through red in this foveal region where all retinal ganglion cells are pushed aside to increase visual acuity. Thus, this cherry-red spot is the only normal part of the retina ...
http://www.cybermd.me/2012/09/tay-sach-disease-powerpoint-presentation.html
The Cellar Image of the DayThe Cellar Image of the Day
challenge for any diving bird is the change in refraction between air and water. The eyes of many birds have two foveae (the fovea is the area of the retina the greatest density of light receptors),[14] and a kingfisher is able to switch from the main central fovea to the auxiliary fovea when it enters water; a retinal streak of high receptor density which connects the two foveae allows the image to swing temporally as the bird drops onto the prey.[15] The egg-shaped lens of the eye points towards the auxiliary fovea, enabling the bird to maintain visual acuity underwater.[14] Because of the positions of the foveae, the kingfisher has monocular vision in air, and binocular vision in water. The underwater vision is not as a sharp as in air, but the ability to judge the distance of moving prey is more important than the sharpness of the image.[15 ...
http://www.cellar.org/iotd.php?threadid=19581
Peripheral vision loss financial definition of Peripheral vision lossPeripheral vision loss financial definition of Peripheral vision loss
Definition of Peripheral vision loss in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is Peripheral vision loss? Meaning of Peripheral vision loss as a finance term. What does Peripheral vision loss mean in finance?
https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Peripheral+vision+loss
Circadian light | Journal of Circadian Rhythms | Full TextCircadian light | Journal of Circadian Rhythms | Full Text
where p and q are unit fractional amounts, such that p + q = 1. Additivity as defined by Equation 1 significantly restricts the relevance of Vλ for representing the spectral sensitivity of the human visual system to a small handful of visual task conditions [16]. Because of additivity, however, Vλ has become the universal visual response function for commerce and for government regulations [11].. Despite its assumed universality, the psychophysical techniques used to develop Vλ only functionally characterize the spectral sensitivity of the achromatic (luminance) channel for the human fovea which is dominated by input from only two of the three cone types. The fovea constitutes only about 2% of the retina and provides humans with high spatial resolution. Only densely packed long-wavelength (L) and middle-wavelength (M) sensitive cones are found in the center of the fovea; although all three cone types are found throughout the remainder of the retina, the short-wavelength (S) sensitive cones ...
https://jcircadianrhythms.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1740-3391-8-2
Numbers of L- and M-conesNumbers of L- and M-cones
Brindley, G.S. (1954). The order of coincidence required for visual threshold. Proceedings of the Physical Society, London B 67, 673-676. Cicerone, C.M. & Nerger, J.L. (1989). The relative numbers of long-wavelength-sensitive to middle-wavelength-sensitive cones in the human fovea centralis. Vision Research 29, 115-128. Cicerone, C.M., Gowdy, P.D. & Otake, S. (1994). Composition and arrangement of the cone mosaic in the living human eye. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 35 (supplement), 1571. De Vries, H.L. (1947). The heredity of the relative numbers of red and green receptors in the human eye. Genetica 24, 199-212. Kelly (1974). Spatio-temporal frequency characteristics of color-vision mechanisms. Journal of Physiology, London, 228, 55. Rushton, W.A.H. & Baker, H.D. (1964). Red/green sensitivity in normal vision. Vision Research 4, 75-85. Shapley, R.M. & Brodie, S. (1993). Responses of human ERG to rapid color exchange: implications for M/L cone ration. Investigative Ophthalmology ...
http://www.cvrl.org/database/text/density/lmcones.htm
EURETINA Official | Official EURETINA Website | European Society of Retina SpecialistsEURETINA Official | Official EURETINA Website | European Society of Retina Specialists
Retrospective study of pediatric patients with SCD followed in the medical retina unit of Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital .The study group was compared to a control group matched for age, sex and ethnicity. Retinal thinning, macular splaying (foveal diameter), foveal depth and subfoveal choroidal thickness were measured using OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany ...
http://www.euretina.org/nice2015/programme/free-papers-details.asp?id=4282&day=0
Pathomorphology is correlated with visual acuity changesPathomorphology is correlated with visual acuity changes
The visual acuity (VA) in diabetic retinopathy is associated with the retinal oedema in the parafovea and the pathomorphology and photoreceptor status at the fovea
https://europe.ophthalmologytimes.com/view/pathomorphology-correlated-visual-acuity-changes
The Evidence Of Early Macula Disturbance In Glaucoma | 63331The Evidence Of Early Macula Disturbance In Glaucoma | 63331
Purpose: To assess the vascular density in fovea and parafovea and ganglion cells function in early stage of open angle glaucoma. Methods: Forty-eight eyes wit...
https://www.omicsonline.org/proceedings/the-evidence-of-early-macula-disturbance-in-glaucoma-63331.html
Eccentricity of an Orbit - Windows to the UniverseEccentricity of an Orbit - Windows to the Universe
Most objects in orbits move along an elliptical path. An ellipse is a shape that can be thought of as a stretched out circle or an oval. An ellipse can be very long and thin, or it can be quite round - almost like a circle. Mathematicians and astronomers use a quantity named eccentricity to describes how nearly circular (or not) an ellipse is. An ellipse with a small eccentricity, like 0.1 or 0.2, is almost as round as a circle. A long, thin ellipse might have an eccentricity of 0.8 or 0.9. The eccentricity of an ellipse must always be less than one, but it can be very, very close to one - like 0.99, 0.999, or even larger!. A circle has an eccentricity of zero. A circle is considered a special type of ellipse, in the same way that a square is considered a special type of rectangle.. The eccentricity of Earths orbit is very small, so Earths orbit is nearly circular. Earths orbital eccentricity is only 0.0167. Mars has a somewhat larger orbital eccentricity of 0.0935. The orbits of Mercury ...
https://windows2universe.org/physical_science/physics/mechanics/orbit/eccentricity.html&edu=high&dev=
Eccentricity of an Orbit - Windows to the UniverseEccentricity of an Orbit - Windows to the Universe
Most objects in orbits move along an elliptical path. An ellipse is a shape that can be thought of as a stretched out circle or an oval. An ellipse can be very long and thin, or it can be quite round - almost like a circle. Mathematicians and astronomers use a quantity named eccentricity to describes how nearly circular (or not) an ellipse is. An ellipse with a small eccentricity, like 0.1 or 0.2, is almost as round as a circle. A long, thin ellipse might have an eccentricity of 0.8 or 0.9. The eccentricity of an ellipse must always be less than one, but it can be very, very close to one - like 0.99, 0.999, or even larger!. A circle has an eccentricity of zero. A circle is considered a special type of ellipse, in the same way that a square is considered a special type of rectangle.. The eccentricity of Earths orbit is very small, so Earths orbit is nearly circular. Earths orbital eccentricity is only 0.0167. Mars has a somewhat larger orbital eccentricity of 0.0935. The orbits of Mercury ...
https://www.windows2universe.org/physical_science/physics/mechanics/orbit/eccentricity.html&edu=high&dev=1
Peripheral Vision Loss - Causes, Symptoms, Treatment | eSightPeripheral Vision Loss - Causes, Symptoms, Treatment | eSight
Peripheral vision is what you see to your left and right as you look straight ahead. A number of eye conditions can cause peripheral vision loss,...
https://esighteyewear.com/peripheral-vision-loss/
Fovea Eye Anatomy Art Watercolor Print - MimiPrints Anatomy Art Prints And Science ArtFovea Eye Anatomy Art Watercolor Print - MimiPrints Anatomy Art Prints And Science Art
Fovea Illustration showing Müller cell cone, Macula Lutea. Anatomy illustration. Reinvent your clinic decor with this stunning print. Add color to the walls of your waiting room and improve your patients room experience with this eye-catching piece. The print comes unframed.
https://www.mimiwatercolorprints.com/products/fovea-eye-anatomy-art-watercolor-print
My dad is experiencing sudden loss of peripheral vision and shimmering in both eyes, which is going away a little. HeMy dad is experiencing sudden loss of peripheral vision and shimmering in both eyes, which is going away a little. He
My dad is experiencing sudden loss of peripheral vision and shimmering in both eyes, which is going away a little. He - Answered by a verified Eye Doctor
https://www.justanswer.com/eye-health/7wgub-dad-experiencing-sudden-loss-peripheral-vision.html
SETI@Home Version 3.0 Client Preview - Slashdot[email protected] Version 3.0 Client Preview - Slashdot
zAmb0ni writes We have posted a preview of the upcoming version 3.0 client for [email protected] The preview is based on the beta version 2.70 in limited release. You can check it out here: Team Ars Technica Lamb Chop. I wonder if it will run on this pci thing we mentioned yesterday....
https://slashdot.org/story/00/07/24/0832220/setihome-version-30-client-preview
Prevue Hendryx Rabbit Playpen | StaplesPrevue Hendryx Rabbit Playpen | Staples
Shop Prevue Hendryx Rabbit Playpen at Staples. Choose from our wide selection of Prevue Hendryx Rabbit Playpen and get fast & free shipping on select orders.
https://www.staples.com/prevue-hendryx-rabbit-playpen/product_WYF078276375338
SUNDAY COUPON PREVIEW: MAY 7th 2017- (2) REDPLUM AND (2) SMARTSOURCE #COUPONS #SUNDAYCOUPONPREVIEW - Grocery Coupons | WYDSUNDAY COUPON PREVIEW: MAY 7th 2017- (2) REDPLUM AND (2) SMARTSOURCE #COUPONS #SUNDAYCOUPONPREVIEW - Grocery Coupons | WYD
Here is the list of the 2017 distribution schedule for our sunday paper inserts. You can always find our previews under the category INSERT PREVIEWS. Check out our site for a million ways to save the dollar! We are continually building tools to help todays couponers! …
http://whatsyourdeal.com/grocery-coupons/sunday-coupon-preview-may-7th-2017-2-redplum-and-2-smartsource-coupons-sundaycouponpreview/
Free E-Book on UTI-Slip D-Mannose Preview | Wellness PartnersFree E-Book on UTI-Slip D-Mannose Preview | Wellness Partners
|META NAME=DESCRIPTION CONTENT=Read on to learn more about UTI - Slip D- Mannose with this Free E-book, Just add this to your cart and you will receive a link at checkout! | |META NAME=ABSTRACT CONTENT= Free E-Book on UTI-Slip D-Mannose Preview | Wellness Partners | |META NAME=KEYWORDS CONTENT= Free E-Book on UTI-Slip D-Mannose Preview, Wellness Partners |
https://wellnesspartners.com/free-e-book-on-uti-slip-d-mannose/
SailorGram | OpenRepos.net - Community Repository SystemSailorGram | OpenRepos.net - Community Repository System
When sending message with enter key and insertion point is not at the end of the message, it will create a line break there.. Also there seems to be a bunch of emojis that dont show correctly in the app which might already be a known issue but just in case. Not sure if the emoji pack I linked was incompete or some in-app problems. Some telegram emojis seems to use two emojis as their source like this one: http://puu.sh/mXMq8/2cd9cbcb91.jpg. In sailorgram it show as four emojis: man, woman and two boys.. The size of image preview could be smaller as I recieved a screenshot of a phone screen and the preview was almost as large as my own screen. Also if recieved or sent a picture in landscape mode its preview is larger than in vertical mode and if changed to vertical after that the preview picture stays as large as in landscape mode and will go out of boundaries of the message area. The preview size is fixed if swipe out of the chat and come back.. Another issue is that if the app is open but ...
https://openrepos.net/comment/12706
Journal of Retina-VitreousJournal of Retina-Vitreous
2Uz. Dr., S.B. Isparta Devlet Hastanesi, Nöroloji Kliniği, Isparta - TÜRKİYE Amaç: Migren hastalarında wide fi eld en face optik koherens tomografi (OKT) kullanarak ölçülen koroid kalınlığı (KK) ve retina sinir lifi kalınlığının (RSLTK) sağlıklı kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılması.. Gereç ve Yöntem: Migreni olan 36 hastanın 36 gözü ve kontrol grubu olarak 36 sağlıklı olgu prospektif olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm olgularda KK Enhanced depth imaging (EDİ) protokolü ile analiz edilirken RSLTK OKT protokolü ile analiz edildi. KK fovea altında, yatay düzlemde fovea merkezinin 1500 mikron nazal ve 1500 mikron temporal bölümünde ölçüldü. her iki gruptaki değerler karşılaştırıldı. İstatistik yöntem olarak t-testi kullanıldı. p< 0.05 olan değerler istatiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.. Bulgular: Migrenli hastalarda temporal-üst (TÜ) (78.1 ± 7.2) ve temporal -alt (TA) (63.7 ± 5.1) ve infero-nazal (İN) (100.5 ± 10.8) ortalama ...
http://retinavitreus.com/abstract.php?lang=tr&id=1772
What Are You Looking At?What Are You Looking At?
Do those studies take peripheral vision into account? Ive noticed that when I look at something, my gaze will fix on a certain point while I consider the area around it for several seconds at a time. Maybe Im looking at a torso and tracking the overall shape of it, but it sure looks like Im staring at its navel for no reason. This is also how I speed-read: by using peripheral vision to take in more than one line at a time, I dont have to whip my eyes back and forth trying to get to the bottom of the page ...
http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/02/what-are-you-looking-at.html
Put Your Peripheral Vision to the Test - Scientific AmericanPut Your Peripheral Vision to the Test - Scientific American
Scientific American is the essential guide to the most awe-inspiring advances in science and technology, explaining how they change our understanding of the world and shape our lives.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/put-your-peripheral-vision-to-the-test/
Viva Learning (Preview) appViva Learning (Preview) app
The Viva Learning (Preview) app creates a central hub for learning in Teams where people can share, assign, and learn from content libraries across an organization (LinkedIn Learning, Microsoft Learn, Microsoft 365 Training, a companys own content, and 3rd party providers) to empower teams and individuals to make learning a natural part of their day.
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/viva-learning-preview-app-01bfed12-c327-41e0-a68f-7fa527dcc98a
Windows 10 Technical Preview 2 for Phones: Day 2 - Thurrott.comWindows 10 Technical Preview 2 for Phones: Day 2 - Thurrott.com
Now that Ive spent some more time with Windows 10 Technical Preview 2 for Phones. I have some more observations about how Windows Phone will improve.
https://www.thurrott.com/mobile/windows-phone/1335/windows-10-technical-preview-2-phones-day-2
Tank or Bank Previews & Predictions 12-22 - KOAM TV...Tank or Bank Previews & Predictions 12-22 - KOAM TV...
KOAMs Tawnya Bach and Michael Hayslip preview the five new movies opening in 4-state theaters this weekend: Tawnya also presents her box office Top 5 predictions. Tawnyas Top 5 Predictions: 1...
http://www.koamtv.com/story/37125633/tank-or-bank-previews-predictions-12-22
Man Utd vs Sevilla Preview | Champions League Match Betting TipsMan Utd vs Sevilla Preview | Champions League Match Betting Tips
After a goalless 1st leg, its all to play for as Man Utd host Sevilla in the 2nd leg of their Champions League (7.45pm Tuesday). Read preview & betting tips.
https://www.justbookies.com/betting-tips/man-utd-sevilla-preview/
Hands On Previews: September - GTA V - GTAForumsHands On Previews: September - GTA V - GTAForums
Page 1 of 11 - Hands On Previews: September - posted in GTA V: PM me with any summaries youve written!PublicationLanguageGTAV.net SummaryEnglishIGN UK Hands OnEnglishIGN Video Hands OnEnglish JeuxActuFrenchGamesAktuellGermanPCGames.de VideoGermanPCGames.deGermanSpecial Thanks to gtamad8, iNero and Indi for their summaries!
http://gtaforums.com/topic/581774-hands-on-previews-september/
Diablo 3: Greyhollow Island Preview - News - Icy Veins ForumsDiablo 3: Greyhollow Island Preview - News - Icy Veins Forums
An official blog post is giving us a preview of one of the new zones coming in Patch 2.4, Greyhollow Island. Nevalistis The sting of sea salt ...
https://www.icy-veins.com/forums/topic/14728-diablo-3-greyhollow-island-preview/
Paralympics Day 8 Preview: Dan Greaves | Central - ITV NewsParalympics Day 8 Preview: Dan Greaves | Central - ITV News
Read the latest Central stories, Paralympics Day 8 Preview: Dan Greaves on ITV News, videos, stories and all the latest Central news
http://www.itv.com/news/central/2012-09-06/paralympics-day-8-preview-dan-greaves/
NFC East 2014 Season Preview | HubPagesNFC East 2014 Season Preview | HubPages
You may find other NFC East previews out there, but you wont find a more comprehensive analysis of the teams than youll find right here.
https://hubpages.com/sports/NFC-East-2014-Season-Preview
DevTalks 2016 preview | DevTalks 2016 Finland preview | Channel 9DevTalks 2016 preview | DevTalks 2016 Finland preview | Channel 9
Kehittäjien päivä DevTalks Microsoft Talolla 07.04.2016 http://www.devtalks.fi/ TechTalks for Developers -tapahtuma tarjoaa ammattidevaajille kauan kaivatun yhteisen päivän. Tarjolla on sisältöä kehit
https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/DevTalks-2016-Finland/DevTalks-2016-Finland-preview/DevTalks-2016-preview
Call Of Duty: Black Ops 2 - PreviewCall Of Duty: Black Ops 2 - Preview
Preview for the new game, set in the year 2025: Horses? Zombies? *shrug* why not, right? Whats the consensus among you gamers? Is this gonna be good? You can pre-order the game over at Amazon for $60 if youre interested. November 13, 2012
https://www.everydaynodaysoff.com/2012/06/10/call-of-duty-black-ops-2-preview/?replytocom=61166
California Healthcare Environment in 2015: A PreviewCalifornia Healthcare Environment in 2015: A Preview
California Healthcare Environment in 2015: A Preview - a healthcarewebsummit event co sponsored by Payers & Providers, Friday, January 23, 2015, 10am to 11am Pacific featuring Ron Shinkman, Steve Valentine and Jim Lott.
http://www.healthwebsummit.com/pp012315.htm
Trail Blazers vs. Nuggets NBA Betting Preview | 5/16/2021Trail Blazers vs. Nuggets NBA Betting Preview | 5/16/2021
Preview NBA betting odds, lines, spreads, over/under trends and player stats for the May 16, 2021 game between the Portland Trail Blazers and the Denver Nuggets.
https://sports.betmgm.com/en/blog/trail-blazers-nuggets-betting-insights-preview-5-16-2021-256/
Trail Blazers vs. Nuggets NBA Betting Preview | 5/16/2021Trail Blazers vs. Nuggets NBA Betting Preview | 5/16/2021
Preview NBA betting odds, lines, spreads, over/under trends and player stats for the May 16, 2021 game between the Portland Trail Blazers and the Denver Nuggets.
https://sports.betmgm.com/en/blog/trail-blazers-nuggets-betting-insights-preview-5-16-2021-4/
Indiana Pacers NBA Preview Five Things to Watch 2013-14Indiana Pacers NBA Preview Five Things to Watch 2013-14
Very few teams have as few question marks as the Indiana Pacers, who are targeting a trip to the NBA Finals. Do they have enough to overtake Miami and get there? Nathan Samples takes a look in this 2013-14 season preview for Sheridan Hoops.
http://www.sheridanhoops.com/2013/09/05/five-things-to-watch-indiana-pacers/
Fall Movie Preview Thursday, October 16, 2014Fall Movie Preview Thursday, October 16, 2014
Most movies that compete for Golden Globes and Oscars premiere in the fall. | Fall Movie Preview Thursday, October 16, 2014 on Between the Synapse | VoiceAmerica - The Leader in Internet Media
https://www.voiceamerica.com/episode/81097/fall-movie-preview
Macula of retinaMacula of retina
In the fovea centralis, cones predominate, and are present at high density. The macula is thus responsible for the central, ... The umbo is the center of the foveola which in turn is located at the center of the fovea. The fovea is located near the center ... Fovea - 1.55 mm (0.061 in) Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) - 0.5 to 0.6 mm (0.020 to 0.024 in) Foveola - 0.35 mm (0.014 in) Umbo - ... Within the macula are the fovea and foveola that both contain a high density of cones, which are nerve cells that are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macula_of_retina
FoveolaFoveola
Gass, J. Donald M (1999). "Müller Cell Cone, an Overlooked Part of the Anatomy of the Fovea Centralis". Archives of ... The foveola is approximately 0.35 mm in diameter and lies in the center of the fovea and contains only cone cells, and a cone- ... Schematic diagram of the macula lutea of the retina, showing perifovea, parafovea, fovea, and clinical macula Time-Domain OCT ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foveola
Macula of retinaMacula of retina
In the fovea centralis, cones predominate, and are present at high density. The macula is thus responsible for the central, ... The fovea is located near the center of the macula. It is a small pit that contains the largest concentration of cone cells. ... Within the macula are the fovea and foveola that both contain a high density of cones, which are nerve cells that are ... Photograph of the retina of the human eye, with overlay diagrams showing the positions and sizes of the macula, fovea, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macula
Cherry-red spotCherry-red spot
It describes the appearance of a small circular choroid shape as seen through the fovea centralis. Its appearance is due to a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry-red_spot
MonochromacyMonochromacy
Cone cells are more concentrated in the fovea centralis, which is the central portion of the retina. This allows greater ... Because of the distribution of rods and cones in the human eye, people have good color vision near the fovea (where cones are) ... is a condition where the blue and green cones are absent in the fovea. Like GCM, RCM is also present in less than 1 in 1 ... is a condition where the blue and red cones are absent in the fovea. The prevalence of this type of monochromacy is less than 1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromacy
Human eyeHuman eye
Frontal-eyed animals have a small area of the retina with very high visual acuity, the fovea centralis. It covers about 2 ... To get a clear view of the world, the brain must turn the eyes so that the image of the object of regard falls on the fovea. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye
Retina displayRetina display
See also: Fovea centralis § Angular size of foveal cones. When introducing the iPhone 4, Steve Jobs said the number of pixels ... See also: Fovea centralis § Angular size of foveal cones. Raymond Soneira, president of DisplayMate Technologies, has ... the fovea. That aperture, which can be measured by visual field tests, varies widely among different human subjects. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina_Display
CattleCattle
There are two to three rods per cone in the fovea centralis but five to six near the optic papilla. Cattle can distinguish long ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle
Jumping spiderJumping spider
It is analogous to the way most primates move their eyes to focus images of interest onto their fovea centralis. Such movements ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumping_spider
Žltá škvrna - WikipédiaŽltá škvrna - Wikipédia
V jej centrálnej časti sa nachádza fovea centralis, v centre tejto je tzv. foveola. Ide o termíny označujúce miesta, v ktorých ... macula lutea, vo všeobecnej anatómii stavovcov tiež area centralis - centrálna oblasť) je miesto na očnej sietnici, kde je ...
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Žltá_škvrna
Blue cone monochromacyBlue cone monochromacy
L-cones and M-cones are most responsible for visual acuity as they are concentrated in the fovea centralis, the central visual ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_cone_monochromacy
Photoreceptor cellPhotoreceptor cell
At the "center" of the retina (the point directly behind the lens) lies the fovea (or fovea centralis), which contains only ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell
RetinaRetina
This area, termed the fovea centralis, is avascular (does not have blood vessels), and has minimal neural tissue in front of ... who possess no fovea but a central band known as the visual streak.[citation needed] Around the fovea extends the central ... of axons in the optic nerve are devoted to the fovea. The resolution limit of the fovea has been determined to be around 10,000 ... The fovea produces the most accurate information. Despite occupying about 0.01% of the visual field (less than 2° of visual ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina
Adaptation (eye)Adaptation (eye)
Cone photoreceptors are concentrated in a depression in the center of the retina known as the fovea centralis and decrease in ... The fovea is blind to dim light (due to its cone-only array) and the rods are more sensitive, so a dim star on a moonless night ... rod photoreceptors are present at high density throughout the most of the retina with a sharp decline in the fovea. Perception ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(eye)
OptographyOptography
An issue that Kühne encountered when attempting to produce an image from a human eye is that the size of the fovea centralis, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optography
Christopher DewdneyChristopher Dewdney
A Palaeozoic Geology of London, Ontario (1974), Coach House Press Fovea Centralis (1975), Coach House Press Alter Sublime (1980 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Dewdney
List of MeSH codes (A09)List of MeSH codes (A09)
... fovea centralis MeSH A09.371.729.690 - optic disk MeSH A09.371.729.727 - photoreceptors MeSH A09.371.729.727.660 - ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(A09)
Visual acuityVisual acuity
Angular diameter Dioptre Eye examination Fovea centralis Hyperacuity (scientific term) Landolt ring Optical resolution ... To resolve detail, the eye's optical system has to project a focused image on the fovea, a region inside the macula having the ... The smallest cone cells in the fovea have sizes corresponding to 0.4 minarc of the visual field, which also places a lower ... Light travels from the fixation object to the fovea through an imaginary path called the visual axis. The eye's tissues and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_acuity
Cone cellCone cell
... s are densely packed in the fovea centralis, a 0.3 mm diameter rod-free area with very thin, densely packed cones ... being smallest and most tightly packed at the center of the eye at the fovea. The S cone spacing is slightly larger than the ... but greatly outnumber rods in the fovea. Structurally, cone cells have a cone-like shape at one end where a pigment filters ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_cell
Retinal pigment epitheliumRetinal pigment epithelium
Bruch's membrane Drusen Fovea centralis Fundus (eye) Macula of retina This article incorporates text in the public domain from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_pigment_epithelium
MicroperimetryMicroperimetry
... macula and fovea centralis) patients with these pathologies are often unable to fixate reliably. By contrast, fundus perimetry ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microperimetry
Photoreceptor cellPhotoreceptor cell
At the "center" of the retina (the point directly behind the lens) lies the fovea (or fovea centralis), which contains only ... Not present in fovea Concentrated in fovea Slow response to light, stimuli added over time Fast response to light, can perceive ... Distribution of rods and cones along a line passing through the fovea and the blind spot of a human eye[12] ... Illustration of the distribution of cone cells in the fovea of an individual with normal color vision (left), and a color blind ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell
FoveaFovea
... centralis of the retina Fovea buccalis or Dimple Fovea of the femoral head Trochlear fovea of the frontal bone Pterygoid ... Fovea (/ˈfoʊviə/) (Latin for "pit"; plural foveae /ˈfoʊvii/) is a term in anatomy. It refers to a pit or depression in a ... fovea of the mandible neck Fovea (spider), a depression in the centre of the carapace Hilum, another term associated with ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Fovea. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovea
Acanthogonatus centralisAcanthogonatus centralis
... with the fovea slightly procurved. Its labium possesses no cuspules. A serrula is present, as is a small patch of teeth. Its ... "Acanthogonatus centralis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. ADW entry "Acanthogonatus centralis" at the Encyclopedia of ... Acanthogonatus centralis is a mygalomorph spider of Argentina, its name referring to its distribution, being one of the most ... 224." (1995). Ferretti, Nelson; Pompozzi, Gabriel; Pérez-Miles, Fernando (2011). "Sexual behavior of Acanthogonatus centralis ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthogonatus_centralis
Fovea centralisFovea centralis
GCL has >5 layers of cells, and highest density of cones Anatomical fovea / fovea centralis (clinical: macula) Area of ... fovea) Diameter = 0.35mm (about 1 deg of VF) the central floor of depression of fovea centralis 50 cones / 100 um Highest ... and the perifovea is found at a 2.75 mm radius from the fovea centralis. The term fovea comes from the from Latin foves 'pit'. ... The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye. It is located in the center of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovea_centralis
Bird visionBird vision
Towards the centre of the retina is the fovea (or the less specialised, area centralis) which has a greater density of ... Many raptors have foveas with far more rods and cones than the human fovea (65,000/mm2 in American kestrel, 38,000 in humans) ... Because the image can be centered on the deep fovea of only one eye at a time, most falcons when diving use a spiral path to ... The forward-facing eyes of a bird of prey give binocular vision, which is assisted by a double fovea. The raptor's adaptations ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_vision
File:CC-BY icon.svgFile:CC-BY icon.svg
Fovea centralis. *Volvoks. *Volvocaceae. View more global usage of this file. Metadata. This file contains additional ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CC-BY_icon.svg
角膜 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书角膜 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
中央凹（英语：Fovea centralis）. *侧凹（英语：Parafovea） ...
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/角膜
LemurLemur
Although they lack a fovea, some diurnal lemurs have a cone-rich, although less clustered, area centralis. This area centralis ... allowing for the evolution of the fovea. With only a postorbital bar, lemurs have been unable to develop a fovea. Therefore, ... The fovea on the retina, which yields higher visual acuity, is not well-developed. The postorbital septum (or bony closure ... whereas diurnal anthropoids have no rod cells in their fovea. Once again, this suggests lower visual acuity in lemurs than in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemur
VežnjačaVežnjača
Mikroveze vežnjače uz očnu jabućicu obično se slikaju velikim uvećanjem prorezne lampe sa zelenim filtrima.[17][18][19] Sa ovakvim sistemima za snimanje pod velikim povećanjem moguće je vidjeti grupe pojedinačnih crvenih krvnih zrnaca kako teku in vivo.[17] Kamere fundusa mogu se koristiti i za snimanje mikrovaskulature konjunktive uz jabučicu, širokog vidnog polja malog uvećanja. Za mjerenje protoka krvi u konjunktivi korištene su izmjenjene kamere fundusa [20][21][22][23] i za merenje zasićenje krvi kisikom. Za razlikovanje konjunktiva jabučice i epibionjčnog sloja koristi se mikrocirkulacijska fluoresceinska angiografija, za proučavanje krvotoka ovog diela konjunktive.[15][24] ...
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vežnjača
Central retinal arteryCentral retinal artery
The center of this circular area is the fovea. The fovea and a small area surrounding it are not supplied by the central ... The entire retina (with the exception of the fovea) becomes pale and swollen and opaque while the central fovea still appears ... Thus if the central retinal artery gets occluded, there is complete loss of vision in that eye even though the fovea is not ... arteria centralis retinae. MeSH. D012161. TA. A12.2.06.024. FMA. 49879. Anatomical terminology. [edit on Wikidata] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_retinal_artery
Cherry-red spotCherry-red spot
It describes the appearance of a small circular choroid shape as seen through the fovea centralis. [2] Its appearance is due to ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry-red_spot
Списък на темите в Анатомията на Грей: II. Остеология - УикипедияСписък на темите в Анатомията на Грей: II. Остеология - Уикипедия
fovea capitis femoris. *Neck of femur (collum femoris). Страница 244[редактиране , редактиране на кода]. *Upper extremity of ... Canalis centralis cochleœ. *Area cribrosa superior. *Area facialis. *Aquæductus Fallopii. *Aquæductus vestibuli ...
https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Списък_на_темите_в_Анатомията_на_Грей:_II._Остеология
Acanthogonatus confususAcanthogonatus confusus
... its fovea is sinuous, procurved and without a posterior notch. Its labium possesses 3 cuspules. A serrula is present and well ... centralis and A. parana, which have - unlike A. Confusus - no inferior tarsal claws on tarsus IV). Female: total length 24.6 ... fovea width 0.9 millimetres (0.035 in); labium length 1.12 millimetres (0.044 in), width 1.62 millimetres (0.064 in); sternum ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthogonatus_confusus
Dog anatomyDog anatomy
... "area centralis": a central patch with up to three times the density of nerve endings as the visual streak, giving them detailed ... a high density of rods in the fovea, an increased flicker rate, and a tapetum lucidum. The tapetum is a reflective surface ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_anatomy
List of Empis speciesList of Empis species
1856 c g Empis fovea Saigusa, 1964 c g Empis frauscheri Strobl, 1901 c g Empis freidbergi Chvála, 1999 c g Empis freyi Yang, ... 1867 c g Empis centralis Brunetti, 1913 c g Empis cetywayoi Smith, 1969 c g Empis ceylonica Bezzi, 1904 c g Empis cherskii ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Empis_species
Vision in fishVision in fish
Some areas have higher densities of cone cells, for example (see fovea). Fish may have two or three areas specialised for high ... Miyazaki, T; Iwamu, T; Meyer-Rochow, VB (2011). "The position of the retinal area centralis changes with age in Champsocephalus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_in_fish
Fovea centralis - WikipediaFovea centralis - Wikipedia
GCL has >5 layers of cells, and highest density of cones Anatomical fovea / fovea centralis (clinical: macula) Area of ... fovea) Diameter = 0.35mm (about 1 deg of VF) the central floor of depression of fovea centralis 50 cones / 100 um Highest ... and the perifovea is found at a 2.75 mm radius from the fovea centralis. The term fovea comes from the from Latin foves pit. ... The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye. It is located in the center of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovea_centralis
Quantitative Noninvasive Angiography of the Fovea Centralis Using Speckle Variance Optical Coherence Tomography | IOVS | ARVO...Quantitative Noninvasive Angiography of the Fovea Centralis Using Speckle Variance Optical Coherence Tomography | IOVS | ARVO...
The fovea centralis extended out a further 750 μm, with the outer boundary delineated by a circle of 925-μm radius (Fig. 1). An ... The fovea centralis is a highly specialized region that represents the area of greatest visual acuity. The microanatomy of the ... Arterioles and venules in the macula were organized as paired vessels and formed a radial pattern around the fovea centralis.3 ... The foveola, which is the central depression of the fovea centralis, is demarcated by the sloped clivus. Inset (I) illustrates ...
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2423306
macula - fleckförmiges Gebilde - Wrong entry in LEO?: English ⇔ German Forums - leo.orgmacula - fleckförmiges Gebilde - Wrong entry in LEO?: English ⇔ German Forums - leo.org
"fovea (fovea centralis) --- die Sehgrube (Fovea centralis) [anat.]". AHD4:. fovea cen·tra·lis (sĕn-trālĭs) n.. A small ... fovea --- die Sehgrube (Fovea centralis) [anat.] http://www.stlukeseye.com/anatomy/Fovea.asp The fovea (arrow) is the center ... New Latin fovea centrālis : Latin fovea, small pit + Latin centrālis, central.]. http://www.answers.com/fovea+centralis&r=67 ... Fovea centralis. Comment. Macula heißt zwar allgemein Fleck, aber google (engl) findet nur die Makula, die den Fleck schärfsten ...
https://dict.leo.org/forum/viewWrongentry.php?idForum=7&idThread=193489&lp=ende&lang=en
Fovea CentralisFovea Centralis
It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the ... Fovea Centralis. An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly ... It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the ...
http://atlas.centralx.com/p/image/sense-organs/eye/retina/macula-lutea/fovea-centralis/
Fovea centralis | Mezinárodní festival dokumentárních filmů Ji.hlavaFovea centralis | Mezinárodní festival dokumentárních filmů Ji.hlava
Její střed, který umožňuje nejostřejší vidění, se nazývá fovea centralis.. DETAIL:. „Čelo a bradu mám opřenou o tyče z ...
http://old.ji-hlava.cz/database/movie/17470%7CFovea-centralis
The complexities of the human eye - from the blind spot and macula to focused and peripheral visionThe complexities of the human eye - from the blind spot and macula to focused and peripheral vision
This small, central pit - the fovea centralis - is located right in the middle of the macula and is responsible for sharp, ... The blind spot is located about 15 degrees on the nasal side of the fovea. Healthy humans do not generally notice this lack of ...
https://www.zeiss.com/vision-care/int/better-vision/understanding-vision/the-complexities-of-the-human-eye-from-the-blind-spot-and-macul.html
The human eyeThe human eye
Fovea/foveal pit (fovea centralis) Small area, big impact: the foveal pit is less than two millimeters in size but assumes key ... When we look at an object, our eyes automatically rotate so that it can be imaged on the fovea. ...
https://www.zeiss.com/vision-care/us/better-vision/understanding-vision/the-human-eye.html
What Is the Function of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum? | Reference.comWhat Is the Function of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum? | Reference.com
What Is the Function of the Fovea Centralis?. * Q: What Is the Function of Flagella?. ...
https://www.reference.com/science/function-sarcoplasmic-reticulum-73432cccbe498b4b
When Do Men Stop Growing? | Reference.comWhen Do Men Stop Growing? | Reference.com
Most males have reached their full height by age 16, but their muscles still grow. Much of the height increase comes from a growth spurt between ages 12 and 16. During this period, boys often add as...
https://www.reference.com/science/men-stop-growing-eacfaffca6f37f2d
Detailed Structures of the Eyeball - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.comDetailed Structures of the Eyeball - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com
I guess you could say the fovea centralis is the one part of the retina where vision is at its best. The fovea centralis sits ... The fovea centralis is a small depression in the retina that contains the highest concentration of cones. When light is focused ... Fovea Centralis. If the optic disk is the one part of the retina where vision is at its worst, ... fovea centralis: a small depression in the retina that contains the highest concentration of cones ...
https://study.com/academy/lesson/detailed-structures-of-the-eyeball.html
In the eye of the wind - definition of in the eye of the wind by The Free DictionaryIn the eye of the wind - definition of in the eye of the wind by The Free Dictionary
eye top: cross section of a human eye A. vitreous humor B. optic nerve C. fovea centralis D. retina E. choroid F. sclera G. ... C. fovea centralis. D. retina. E. choroid. F. sclera. G. cornea. H. aqueous humor ...
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/in+the+eye+of+the+wind
A twinkle in eye - definition of a twinkle in eye by The Free DictionaryA twinkle in eye - definition of a twinkle in eye by The Free Dictionary
eye top: cross section of a human eye A. vitreous humor B. optic nerve C. fovea centralis D. retina E. choroid F. sclera G. ... arteria centralis retinae, central artery of the retina - a branch of the ophthalmic artery; enters the eyeball with the optic ... aqueous humour, blind spot, choroid or chorioid, ciliary body, cone, conjunctiva, cornea, eyeball, fovea, iris, lens, ocular ...
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/a+twinkle+in+eye
Preliminary Review of Indian Eumenophorinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with Description of a New Genus and Five New Species from...Preliminary Review of Indian Eumenophorinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with Description of a New Genus and Five New Species from...
Fovea centralis Is the Subject Area "Fovea centralis" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0087928
Buchstabe F - Letter FBuchstabe F - Letter F
Fovea, ae Grube (f.) fovea, pit / shallow depression of small diameter Fovea centralis [retinae]. zentrales Grübchen der ... central retinal fovea of the retina, a small pit in which the yellow spot, the part with the best visual resolution is located ...
http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/Vokabular/F.html
Macula | definition of macula by Medical dictionaryMacula | definition of macula by Medical dictionary
fovea centralis. A small area of the retina of approximately 1.5 mm in diameter situated within the macula lutea. At the fovea ... See blue field entoptoscope; fovea centralis; macular pigment.. mac·u·la. , pl. maculae (makyū-lă, -lē) 1. [TA] Circumscribed ... The fovea centralis contains mainly cone cells, each one being connected to only one ganglion cell and thus contributing to the ... The visual field represented by the fovea centralis is equal to about 5º (Fig. F9). Syn. foveal pit; macula (term often used by ...
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/macula
Determining the Location of the Fovea Centralis Via En-Face SLO and Cross-Sectional OCT Imaging in Patients Without Retinal...Determining the Location of the Fovea Centralis Via En-Face SLO and Cross-Sectional OCT Imaging in Patients Without Retinal...
The position of the fovea centralis was located on average 57 µm below the vertical position of the fovea centralis in men ... Y measures the vertical distance from the fovea centralis to optic disc center. Alpha represents the angle between the fovea ... Y measures the vertical distance from the fovea centralis to optic disc center. Alpha represents the angle between the fovea ... Y measures the vertical distance from the fovea centralis to optic disc center. Alpha represents the angle between the fovea ...
https://tvst.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2772293&resultClick=1
Twenty-four-month efficacy and safety of 0.5 mg or 2.0 mg ranibizumab in patients with subfoveal neovascular age-related...Twenty-four-month efficacy and safety of 0.5 mg or 2.0 mg ranibizumab in patients with subfoveal neovascular age-related...
Fovea Centralis * Humans * Intravitreal Injections * Male * Ranibizumab * Tomography, Optical Coherence * Treatment Outcome ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25015215/?dopt=Abstract
Five-year follow-up of fellow eyes of individuals with ocular histoplasmosis and unilateral extrafoveal or juxtafoveal...Five-year follow-up of fellow eyes of individuals with ocular histoplasmosis and unilateral extrafoveal or juxtafoveal...
Fovea Centralis* * Fundus Oculi * Histoplasmosis / complications* * Humans * Incidence * Laser Coagulation * Macula Lutea / ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8639078/?dopt=Abstract
Chapter 13 - Study Guide Flashcards by Abigail Torres | BrainscapeChapter 13 - Study Guide Flashcards by Abigail Torres | Brainscape
Fovea Centralis. 57 White spot. Medial to Macula. Central Retinal Artery enters. Central Retinal Vein exits. Where axons ...
https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/chapter-13-study-guide-5691256/packs/8651685
The Special Senses (Vision Part 2) Flashcards by Jimmy Sojan | BrainscapeThe Special Senses (Vision Part 2) Flashcards by Jimmy Sojan | Brainscape
What is special about the fovea centralis has all cones with no converging nerves, so it provides the sharpest image ...
https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/the-special-senses-vision-part-2-317906/packs/688617
Free Anatomy Flashcards about bio 101 sensory systFree Anatomy Flashcards about bio 101 sensory syst
fovea centralis. optic disc. blind spot. vitreous humor. the posterior cavity(chamber) behind the lens. ...
https://www.studystack.com/flashcard-756334
Free Anatomy Flashcards about Special SensesDylanFree Anatomy Flashcards about Special SensesDylan
fovea centralis. responsible for sharp central vision refraction. magnification astigmatism. rays that propagate in two ...
https://www.studystack.com/flashcard-583296
Pigmented part of retina | definition of pigmented part of retina by Medical dictionaryPigmented part of retina | definition of pigmented part of retina by Medical dictionary
... the fovea centralis. This region contains only cones and is the region of the most acute vision. About 3.5 mm nasally from the ... At the posterior pole of the visual axis is the macula, in the center of which is the fovea, the area of acute vision. Here, ... At the posterior pole of the visual axis is the macula, in the center of which is the fovea, the area of acute vision. Here ... About 3 mm medial to the fovea is the optic disc, where axons of the ganglionic cells converge to form the optic nerve. The ...
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pigmented+part+of+retina
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDAUNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA
The fovea centralis is contained within the macula . Damage to the fovea reduces the ability to see straight ahead. **Rods are ...
https://www.unf.edu/~lloriz/sensory.htm
Re: what are differences beetwin the human eye and the rodents one...Re: what are differences beetwin the human eye and the rodents one...
This unique area centralis is termed a fovea. In humans, the fovea takes up 2% of the retinal area but accounts for 33% of all ... However, the acuity at any point on the visual streak tends to be lower than that of the area centralis. Now we can try to make ... That is because the image is not on your fovea, and only a small number of cells are responsible for sensing it. Animals that ... Animals that live in habitats with little or no view of the horizon tend to have retinas dominated by an area centralis. In ...
http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-10/970792461.Dv.r.html
Macula of retina - WikipediaMacula of retina - Wikipedia
In the fovea centralis, cones predominate, and are present at high density. The macula is thus responsible for the central, ... The fovea is located near the center of the macula. It is a small pit that contains the largest concentration of cone cells. ... Within the macula are the fovea and foveola that both contain a high density of cones, which are nerve cells that are ... Photograph of the retina of the human eye, with overlay diagrams showing the positions and sizes of the macula, fovea, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macula
Patent US6889069 - Non-invasive measurement of blood analytes using photodynamics - Google PatentsPatent US6889069 - Non-invasive measurement of blood analytes using photodynamics - Google Patents
... are located with their greatest density in the area of the fovea centralis in the retina. The fovea covers a circular area with ... The incoming light preferably subtends an angle much greater than the angle required to include the area of the fovea centralis ... The retina, including the fovea centralis, is flooded with illuminating light. The illuminating light is then reflected from ... wherein the portion of the retina positioned outside of the normal retinal vasculature comprises the fovea centralis. ...
http://www.google.com/patents/US6889069?dq=7,173,247
Macula Lutea | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystMacula Lutea | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Macula%20Lutea
AP biology chapter 40 essay FlashcardsAP biology chapter 40 essay Flashcards
color; fovea centralis. Term. The _____and ____send signals to the brain.. Definition. rods and cones. ...
https://www.flashcardmachine.com/ap-biology-chapter40essay.html
Section of Left Eyeball | ClipArt ETCSection of Left Eyeball | ClipArt ETC
... fovea centralis; 19, region where sensory part of retina ends; 22, suspensory ligament; 23 is placed in the canal of Petit, and ... "optic nerve", Choroid, conjunctiva, cornea, eye, eyeball, fovea, iris, lens, retina, sclerotic, vision ...
https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/36700/36773/eyeball_36773.htm
RetinaConesMacula luteaRetinalPosteriorPhotoreceptorsSpecialized for high acuity visionAvascular zoneHumansDepressionPrimateAreaFoveolaDiameterPeripheralCentreFocal pointLatinCenterCone cellsPerifoveaMacularLensVisionAnatomicalLightDensityHumanRegionSmall
Retina23
  • citation needed] Approximately half the nerve fibers in the optic nerve carry information from the fovea, while the remaining half carry information from the rest of the retina. (wikipedia.org)
  • The size of the fovea is relatively small with regard to the rest of the retina. (wikipedia.org)
  • This statement is kind of silly because the whole retina contains blood vessels with the EXCEPTION OF the fovea at the center of the yellow spot. (leo.org)
  • an area of acute vision on the retina of many vertebrates which lack a FOVEA . (thefreedictionary.com)
  • At the fovea centralis, the retina is the thinnest as there are no supporting fibres of Mueller, no ganglion cells and no bipolar cells. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The fovea centralis contains mainly cone cells, each one being connected to only one ganglion cell and thus contributing to the highest visual acuity of the retina. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • That is, if the eye is dedicated to looking at a point, the retina will have a roughly circular region of high cell density called the area centralis. (madsci.org)
  • In most primates and many birds and reptiles, the area centralis is so specialized for high acuity vision that the retina is actually thinned there to reduce the scattering of light entering the retina (light must go through ganglion and bipolar cells before it can be sensed by photoreceptors). (madsci.org)
  • Fovea Centralis An area of the retina that's located directly behind the centre of the lens and has a very high concentration of cones, which makes this part of the eye responsible for great visual acuity. (coursehero.com)
  • The center of the retina is surrounded by the area centralis. (usdaa.com)
  • Why the fovea is susceptible to early disease expression for certain hereditary disorders and why it is spared under other conditions is not known,' adds Cideciyan, via Science Daily 'Our findings, which show the canine equivalent of a human genetic disease affecting an area of the retina that is of extreme importance to human vision, are very promising from the human point of view. (usdaa.com)
  • There is a depression near the center of the retina called the fovea that contains only cone cells. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Yamada E. Some structural features of the fovea centralis in the human retina. (springer.com)
  • Ultra-widefield (Optomap) image of normal fundus of left eye showing the optic disk (black arrow), central retina (macula and fovea) (white arrow) and peripheral retina. (mhmedical.com)
  • The shearwater has more rods at the area centralis, a larger rodparaboloid in the dark adapted retina, and a greater ratio of total number of visual cells to ganglion nuclei than has the fulmar. (biologists.org)
  • therefore the optic nerve must cross through the retina en route to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • An afocal broadband adaptive-optics scanning ophthalmoscope images photoreceptors in a living human eye: cones in the fovea (left), and a combination of cones and rods in an area away from the center of the retina (right). (laserfocusworld.com)
  • The human visual system is organized in concentric cones around the fovea centralis of the retina. (childresearch.net)
  • Schematic horizontal section of right eye showing axes, fovea centralis (receiving the visual axis), optic disc, central vein of retina, lamina cribrosa sclerae (interrupted lines) and fascial sheath (in blue). (dartmouth.edu)
  • Age-related macular degeneration begins with characteristic yellow deposits in the macula (central area of the retina which provides detailed central vision, called fovea) called drusen between the retinal pigment epithelium and the underlying choroid. (keywhitman.com)
  • Localization of PEDF and Eph-A6 mRNAs in sections of macaque retina shows expression of both genes concentrates in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) at the developing fovea, consistent with an involvement in definition of the foveal avascular area. (molvis.org)
  • A small yellowish spot with a central pit, the fovea centralis, in the center of the retina where vision is most accurate. (freedictionary.org)
  • In human eyes, the maximum visual acuity correlates locally with the fovea, a shallow depression in the retina. (degruyter.com)
Cones18
  • The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • The perifovea contains an even more diminished density of cones, having 12 per 100 micrometres versus 50 per 100 micrometres in the most central fovea. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fovea is a depression in the inner retinal surface, about 1.5 mm wide, the photoreceptor layer of which is entirely cones and which is specialized for maximum visual acuity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The high spatial density of cones along with the absence of blood vessels at the fovea accounts for the high visual acuity capability at the fovea. (wikipedia.org)
  • The central fovea consists of very compact cones, thinner and more rod-like in appearance than cones elsewhere. (wikipedia.org)
  • GCL has >5 layers of cells, and highest density of cones Anatomical fovea / fovea centralis (clinical: macula) Area of depression in the centre of the macula lutea. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cones in the central fovea express pigments that are sensitive to green and red light. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within the macula are the fovea and foveola that both contain a high density of cones , which are nerve cells that are photoreceptors with high acuity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the fovea centralis , cones predominate, and are present at high density. (wikipedia.org)
  • The "green" and "red" cones are mostly packed into the fovea centralis . (gsu.edu)
  • The "blue" cones have the highest sensitivity and are mostly found outside the fovea. (gsu.edu)
  • Anatomical study has also demonstrated that the centre of the fovea appears to be devoid of S-cones in primates. (bmj.com)
  • In the fovea, however, where there are only cone photoreceptors, the most central cones are even thinner than the average rod at about 1.5 microns diameter. (utah.edu)
  • Rods are much more numerous than cones, are more sensitive to light, and exist mainly in locations other than the fovea. (laserfocusworld.com)
  • The relative numbers of long-wavelength-sensitive to middle-wavelength-sensitive cones in the human fovea centralis. (cvrl.org)
  • The relative numbers of L- and M-cones in the inner fovea have been estimated by various psychophysical means (see Psychophysical estimates of the relative numbers of L- and M-cones ). (cvrl.org)
  • Moreover, although the mean estimates of L- to M-cone ratios suggest that there are twice as many L- as M- cones in the central fovea, the individual ratios are highly variable between observers, ranging from 0.33:1 to 10:1. (cvrl.org)
  • The spatial arrangement of cones in the primate fovea. (cvrl.org)
Macula lutea3
  • Anatomical macula / macula lutea / area centralis (clinical: posterior pole): Diameter = 5.5mm (~3.5 disc-diameters) (about 18 deg of VF) Demarcated by the superior and inferior temporal arterial arcades. (wikipedia.org)
  • macula lutea , vo všeobecnej anatómii stavovcov tiež area centralis - centrálna oblasť) je miesto na očnej sietnici , kde je najväčšia hustota čapíkov a teda aj najostrejšie videnie . (wikipedia.org)
  • The part of the eye that provides the most acute vision is the Fovea Centralis (also called the Macula Lutea). (laserfx.com)
Retinal7
  • The fovea is located in a small avascular zone and receives most of its oxygen from the vessels in the choroid, which is across the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans, the fovea takes up 2% of the retinal area but accounts for 33% of all ganglion cells. (madsci.org)
  • However, within primates, the results show that ancestral Haplorrhini were likely nocturnal, suggesting that evolution of the retinal fovea occurred within ancestral primates rather than within haplorrhines as was previously hypothesized. (nature.com)
  • The evolution of the retinal fovea, trichromatic vision and orbital convergence in ancestral primates may have helped them to efficiently discriminate, target, and obtain edible fruits and/or leaves from a green foliage background instead of relying on mobile insect prey. (nature.com)
  • In animals that move and fixate their eyes to examine specific objects, acuity often reaches its peak in a fovea or an area centralis, where retinal ganglion cell densities are highest ( Land and Nilsson, 2001 ). (biologists.org)
  • A fovea, the retinal pitted invagination in the area centralis, is found in many vertebrates such as fish, reptiles, birds and in higher primates including humans. (degruyter.com)
  • Because of the refractive index step between the retinal tissue and vitreous, the fovea defines an optically effective interface with aspherical characteristics, which influences the ray propagation to the receptor layer buried about 250 μm within the retinal layers [ 1 ]. (degruyter.com)
Posterior1
  • At the posterior pole of the visual axis is the macula, in the center of which is the fovea, the area of acute vision. (thefreedictionary.com)
Photoreceptors3
  • The center of the fovea is the foveola - about 0.35 mm in diameter - or central pit where only cone photoreceptors are present and there are virtually no rods. (wikipedia.org)
  • This area, termed the fovea centralis , is avascular (does not have blood vessels), and has minimal neural tissue in front of the photoreceptors, thereby minimizing light scattering. (wikipedia.org)
  • As it lies at the focal point of the eye, the fovea is jam-packed with light sensitive nerve endings called photoreceptors. (zmescience.com)
Specialized for high acuity vision1
  • Fovea - 1.55 mm (0.061 in) Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) - 0.5 to 0.6 mm (0.020 to 0.024 in) Foveola - 0.35 mm (0.014 in) Umbo - 0.15 mm (0.0059 in) Structures in the macula are specialized for high-acuity vision. (wikipedia.org)
Avascular zone2
  • Within the fovea is a region of 0.5mm diameter called the foveal avascular zone (an area without any blood vessels). (wikipedia.org)
  • The macula in humans has a diameter of around 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola , foveal avascular zone, fovea , parafovea , and perifovea areas. (wikipedia.org)
Humans1
  • The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision), which is necessary in humans for activities for which visual detail is of primary importance, such as reading and driving. (wikipedia.org)
Depression3
  • This anatomy is responsible for the depression in the center of the fovea. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has a depression in its center called the fovea centralis. (innerbody.com)
  • On the one hand, the convexiclivate type of fovea is a deep, funnel-shaped depression with a convex slope of the side walls and is observed in birds, some lizards, and certain deep-sea teleosts. (degruyter.com)
Primate1
  • This density is similar to that found in primate s foveas. (usdaa.com)
Area10
  • Therefore, the acuity of foveal vision is limited only by the density of the cone mosaic, and the fovea is the area of the eye with the highest sensitivity to fine details. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fovea centralis is a highly specialized region that represents the area of greatest visual acuity. (arvojournals.org)
  • Is the Subject Area "Fovea centralis" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • Animals that live in habitats with little or no view of the horizon tend to have retinas dominated by an area centralis. (madsci.org)
  • This unique area centralis is termed a fovea. (madsci.org)
  • However, the acuity at any point on the visual streak tends to be lower than that of the area centralis. (madsci.org)
  • For example, animals with an area centralis tend to have finer eye movements than animals with a visual streak. (madsci.org)
  • This happens near or at the fovea area of the eye, and results in the loss of central vision. (usdaa.com)
  • Both sea-birds have a linear area centralis but lack a fovea. (biologists.org)
  • We identify an area centralis with peak acuity and infrequent coexpression, which may be suited for tasks such as foraging and detecting male signals. (biologists.org)
Foveola2
  • [6] The umbo is the center of the foveola which in turn is located at the center of the fovea. (wikipedia.org)
  • The umbo is the center of the foveola which in turn is located at the center of the fovea. (wikipedia.org)
Diameter1
  • Two independent reviewers measured the horizontal and vertical distance from the fovea to the optic disc center and optic disc diameter via cross-sectional and en-face scanning laser ophthalmoloscopy OCT imaging. (arvojournals.org)
Peripheral1
  • The human visual system has a function called fovea centralis, which allows us to see at higher fidelity in the center of our vision than in our peripheral vision. (tomshardware.com)
Centre1
  • V jej centrálnej časti sa nachádza fovea centralis , v centre tejto je tzv. (wikipedia.org)
Focal point1
  • At the center of the macula is the "fovea centralis," the focal point where our vision is at its best. (jewishworldreview.com)
Latin2
  • New Latin fovea centrālis : Latin fovea, small pit + Latin centrālis, central. (leo.org)
  • At the center of the macula there's a slight dip named the fovea centralis (fovea is latin for pit). (zmescience.com)
Center4
  • http://www.stlukeseye.com/anatomy/Fovea.asp The fovea (arrow) is the center most part of the macula. (leo.org)
  • The fovea is located near the center of the macula. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototropic visual acuity. (harvard.edu)
  • Many people have observed that the human eye is high resolution on in the center of attention, known as the fovea centralis . (4brad.com)
Cone cells1
  • Cone cells are next to each other in the fovea centralis of the eye. (usdaa.com)
Perifovea2
  • The fovea is surrounded by the parafovea belt and the perifovea outer region. (wikipedia.org)
  • The parafovea extends to a radius of 1.25 mm from the central fovea, and the perifovea is found at a 2.75 mm radius from the fovea centralis. (wikipedia.org)
Macular2
  • This study compares the position of the fovea centralis among individuals without macular pathology on a micron level basis. (arvojournals.org)
  • Other theories suggested that the apparent tritanopic deficit in the fovea might be due to Troxler fading 7 or to preretinal screening of short wavelength light by the increasing density of the macular pigment. (bmj.com)
Lens1
  • and the base in the eye lens -the optical correspondent to a cone inside the eye having the same base and the apex in the other focus, the fovea. (wikipedia.org)
Vision7
  • Thus our vision is very sharp, and you can read this from a fair distance away if you look straight on (and the screen falls on your fovea). (madsci.org)
  • This indicates S-cone pathway damage that is sufficiently severe to lead to dichromatic colour vision in the fovea. (bmj.com)
  • 1 An early study showed that the fovea was relatively insensitive to short wavelength light and that colour vision was impaired, colour matching being possible with two primaries instead of the usual three. (bmj.com)
  • A similar tritanopic colour vision deficit was reported for small fields generally, 5, 6 suggesting that the fovea may not be unique in this respect. (bmj.com)
  • A human's fovea is filled with cone photoreceptor cells and helps us with our central and sharp vision skills. (usdaa.com)
  • The fovea centralis, also known as the fovea, is responsible for sharp central vision (foveal. (picsearch.com)
  • If a laser burn occurs on the Fovea, you can loose most of you fine (reading and working) vision in an instant. (laserfx.com)
Anatomical1
  • [5] The anatomical macula at 5.5 mm (0.22 in) is much larger than the clinical macula which, at 1.5 mm (0.059 in), corresponds to the anatomical fovea. (wikipedia.org)
Light2
  • Far - sighted Short-sighted Focused with Pinhole Glasses Pinholes focus the light on the fovea centralis. (eyebody.com)
  • Prescription glasses or contact lenses are designed so that the maximum light reaches the fovea centralis, for clear sight. (eyebody.com)
Density1
  • Starting at the outskirts of the fovea, however, rods gradually appear, and the absolute density of cone receptors progressively decreases. (wikipedia.org)
Human2
  • Yuodelis C, Hendrickson A (1986) A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the human fovea during development. (springermedizin.de)
  • Hendrickson A, Possin D, Vajzovic L, Toth CA (2012) Histologic development of the human fovea from midgestation to maturity. (springermedizin.de)
Region3
  • Both professors found similarities in how the fovea region in dogs is just as easily affected with the same genetic eye diseases that their owners may be prone to. (usdaa.com)
  • With this research, both scientists wanted to see if the fovea region in dogs was similarly affected. (usdaa.com)
  • This research demonstrated that cone densities spanned more than 120,000 cells per square millimeter in the fovea-like region of the centralis region of the eye. (usdaa.com)
Small1
  • That is because the image is not on your fovea, and only a small number of cells are responsible for sensing it. (madsci.org)
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