AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
AnencephalyFolic AcidNeural Tube DefectsFood, FortifiedNeural TubeSpinal DysraphismSpina Bifida OccultaFolic Acid DeficiencyFlourVitamin B ComplexDietary SupplementsBreadPregnancyPreconception CareVitamin B 12HomocysteineEncephaloceleTetrahydrofolatesPrenatal CareCongenital AbnormalitiesNeurulationVitamin B 12 DeficiencyCerealsInfant, NewbornFetal DeathNutrition PolicyFolic Acid AntagonistsAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyIron, DietaryMicronutrientsCondimentsPregnancy, TwinNeural CrestHyperhomocysteinemiaAnemia, MacrocyticDiseases in TwinsVitamin B 6Folate Receptors, GPI-AnchoredNutritional RequirementsNutritional StatusPrenatal DiagnosisAmniotic Band SyndromeChick EmbryoNervous SystemVitaminsBiological AvailabilityNotochordHematinicsAmniotic FluidFetal DiseasesIronDietCentral Nervous SystemMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)PrevalencePollen TubePrenatal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGestational AgeUnited StatesPteroylpolyglutamic AcidsPregnancy Outcome
Anencephaly: A malformation of the nervous system caused by failure of the anterior neuropore to close. Infants are born with intact spinal cords, cerebellums, and brainstems, but lack formation of neural structures above this level. The skull is only partially formed but the eyes are usually normal. This condition may be associated with folate deficiency. Affected infants are only capable of primitive (brain stem) reflexes and usually do not survive for more than two weeks. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p247)Folic Acid: A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.Neural Tube Defects: Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)Food, Fortified: Any food that has been supplemented with essential nutrients either in quantities that are greater than those present normally, or which are not present in the food normally. Fortified food includes also food to which various nutrients have been added to compensate for those removed by refinement or processing. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Neural Tube: A tube of ectodermal tissue in an embryo that will give rise to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, including the SPINAL CORD and the BRAIN. Lumen within the neural tube is called neural canal which gives rise to the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain. For malformation of the neural tube, see NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.Spinal Dysraphism: Congenital defects of closure of one or more vertebral arches, which may be associated with malformations of the spinal cord, nerve roots, congenital fibrous bands, lipomas, and congenital cysts. These malformations range from mild (e.g., SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA) to severe, including rachischisis where there is complete failure of neural tube and spinal cord fusion, resulting in exposure of the spinal cord at the surface. Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA and the closed form is SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34)Spina Bifida Occulta: A common congenital midline defect of fusion of the vertebral arch without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges. The lesion is also covered by skin. L5 and S1 are the most common vertebrae involved. The condition may be associated with an overlying area of hyperpigmented skin, a dermal sinus, or an abnormal patch of hair. The majority of individuals with this malformation are asymptomatic although there is an increased incidence of tethered cord syndrome and lumbar SPONDYLOSIS. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34)Folic Acid Deficiency: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)Flour: Ground up seed of WHEAT.Vitamin B Complex: A group of water-soluble vitamins, some of which are COENZYMES.Dietary Supplements: Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.Bread: Baked food product made of flour or meal that is moistened, kneaded, and sometimes fermented. A major food since prehistoric times, it has been made in various forms using a variety of ingredients and methods.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Preconception Care: An organized and comprehensive program of health care that identifies and reduces a woman's reproductive risks before conception through risk assessment, health promotion, and interventions. Preconception care programs may be designed to include the male partner in providing counseling and educational information in preparation for fatherhood, such as genetic counseling and testing, financial and family planning, etc. This concept is different from PRENATAL CARE, which occurs during pregnancy.Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.Encephalocele: Brain tissue herniation through a congenital or acquired defect in the skull. The majority of congenital encephaloceles occur in the occipital or frontal regions. Clinical features include a protuberant mass that may be pulsatile. The quantity and location of protruding neural tissue determines the type and degree of neurologic deficit. Visual defects, psychomotor developmental delay, and persistent motor deficits frequently occur.Tetrahydrofolates: Compounds based on 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate.Prenatal Care: Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality.Congenital Abnormalities: Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.Neurulation: An early embryonic developmental process of CHORDATES that is characterized by morphogenic movements of ECTODERM resulting in the formation of the NEURAL PLATE; the NEURAL CREST; and the NEURAL TUBE. Improper closure of the NEURAL GROOVE results in congenital NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.Vitamin B 12 Deficiency: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)Cereals: Seeds from grasses (POACEAE) which are important in the diet.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Fetal Death: Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.Nutrition Policy: Guidelines and objectives pertaining to food supply and nutrition including recommendations for healthy diet.Folic Acid Antagonists: Inhibitors of the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE), which converts dihydrofolate (FH2) to tetrahydrofolate (FH4). They are frequently used in cancer chemotherapy. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)Anemia, Iron-Deficiency: Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.Iron, Dietary: Iron or iron compounds used in foods or as food. Dietary iron is important in oxygen transport and the synthesis of the iron-porphyrin proteins hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and cytochrome oxidase. Insufficient amounts of dietary iron can lead to iron-deficiency anemia.Micronutrients: Essential dietary elements or organic compounds that are required in only small quantities for normal physiologic processes to occur.Condiments: Aromatic substances added to food before or after cooking to enhance its flavor. These are usually of vegetable origin.Pregnancy, Twin: The condition of carrying TWINS simultaneously.Neural Crest: The two longitudinal ridges along the PRIMITIVE STREAK appearing near the end of GASTRULATION during development of nervous system (NEURULATION). The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE.Hyperhomocysteinemia: Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (>13.9 µmol/l). Hyperhomocysteinemia can be familial or acquired. Development of the acquired hyperhomocysteinemia is mostly associated with vitamins B and/or folate deficiency (e.g., PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, vitamin malabsorption). Familial hyperhomocysteinemia often results in a more severe elevation of total homocysteine and excretion into the urine, resulting in HOMOCYSTINURIA. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporotic fractures and complications during pregnancy.Anemia, Macrocytic: Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).Diseases in Twins: Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored: Cell surface receptors that bind to and transport FOLIC ACID, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and a variety of folic acid derivatives. The receptors are essential for normal NEURAL TUBE development and transport folic acid via receptor-mediated endocytosis.Nutritional Requirements: The amounts of various substances in food needed by an organism to sustain healthy life.Nutritional Status: State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.Prenatal Diagnosis: Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.Amniotic Band Syndrome: A disorder present in the newborn infant in which constriction rings or bands, causing soft tissue depressions, encircle digits, extremities, or limbs and sometimes the neck, thorax, or abdomen. They may be associated with intrauterine amputations.Chick Embryo: The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)Vitamins: Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.Biological Availability: The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.Notochord: A cartilaginous rod of mesodermal cells at the dorsal midline of all CHORDATE embryos. In lower vertebrates, notochord is the backbone of support. In the higher vertebrates, notochord is a transient structure, and segments of the vertebral column will develop around it. Notochord is also a source of midline signals that pattern surrounding tissues including the NEURAL TUBE development.Hematinics: Agents which improve the quality of the blood, increasing the hemoglobin level and the number of erythrocytes. They are used in the treatment of anemias.Amniotic Fluid: A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the FETUS inside the sac of AMNION. In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or fetal plasma. In the second trimester, amniotic fluid derives primarily from fetal lung and kidney. Cells or substances in this fluid can be removed for prenatal diagnostic tests (AMNIOCENTESIS).Fetal Diseases: Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.Iron: A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2): A flavoprotein amine oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.171.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Pollen Tube: A growth from a pollen grain down into the flower style which allows two sperm to pass, one to the ovum within the ovule, and the other to the central cell of the ovule to produce endosperm of SEEDS.Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutrition of FEMALE during PREGNANCY.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Gestational Age: The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.United StatesPteroylpolyglutamic Acids: Derivatives of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid). In gamma-glutamyl linkage they are found in many tissues. They are converted to folic acid by the action of pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase or synthesized from folic acid by the action of folate polyglutamate synthetase. Synthetic pteroylpolyglutamic acids, which are in alpha-glutamyl linkage, are active in bacterial growth assays.Pregnancy Outcome: Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
AnencephalyFolic AcidNeural Tube DefectsFood, FortifiedNeural TubeSpinal DysraphismSpina Bifida OccultaFolic Acid DeficiencyFlourVitamin B ComplexDietary SupplementsBreadPregnancyPreconception CareVitamin B 12HomocysteineEncephaloceleTetrahydrofolatesPrenatal CareCongenital AbnormalitiesNeurulationVitamin B 12 DeficiencyCerealsInfant, NewbornFetal DeathNutrition PolicyFolic Acid AntagonistsAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyIron, DietaryMicronutrientsCondimentsPregnancy, TwinNeural CrestHyperhomocysteinemiaAnemia, MacrocyticDiseases in TwinsVitamin B 6Folate Receptors, GPI-AnchoredNutritional RequirementsNutritional StatusPrenatal DiagnosisAmniotic Band SyndromeChick EmbryoNervous SystemVitaminsBiological AvailabilityNotochordHematinicsAmniotic FluidFetal DiseasesIronDietCentral Nervous SystemMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)PrevalencePollen TubePrenatal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGestational AgeUnited StatesPteroylpolyglutamic AcidsPregnancy Outcome
Wladimir WerteleckiWladimir Wertelecki
Evidence of epidemic rates of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) (Spina Bifida and Anencephaly) in Ukraine (3 - 4 folds above Western ... prompted an initiative of folic acid fortification of flour as the most effective public health prevention intervention. http ...
Food fortificationFood fortification
"Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food supply on the occurrence of neural tube defects" (PDF). JAMA. 285 (23): 2981- ... Two common types of NTDs, spina bifida and anencephaly, affect approximately 2500-3000 infants born in the US annually. ... and preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). In many industrialized countries, the addition of folic acid to flour has prevented ... several hundred thousand people are exposed to an increased intake of folic acid for each neural tube defect pregnancy that is ...
Neural tube defectNeural tube defect
Status and Risk of Neural Tube Defects in a Population With High Neural Tube Defect Prevalence and No Folic Acid Fortification ... Anencephaly (without brain) is a neural tube defect that occurs when the head end of the neural tube fails to close, usually ... Folic acid supplementation reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects by approximately 70% of neural tube defects indicating ... only general food fortification with folic acid reduces neural tube defects While there have been concerns about folic acid ...
Spina bifidaSpina bifida
Castillo-Lancellotti, C; Tur, JA; Uauy, R (May 2013). "Impact of folic acid fortification of flour on neural tube defects: a ... It is a type of neural tube defect with other types including anencephaly and encephalocele. Most cases of spina bifida can be ... "Folic Acid Fortification". FDA. February 1996. Archived from the original on 2009-09-18. "Folic Acid - Public Health Agency of ... 1989). "Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects". JAMA. 262 ( ...
FolateFolate
After fortification, this number declined to around 3,000. The results of folic acid fortification on the rate of neural tube ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (May 2004). "Spina bifida and anencephaly before and after folic acid mandate- ... Folic acid food fortification became mandatory in Canada in 1998, with the fortification of 150 µg of folic acid per 100 grams ... in the overall rate of neural tube defects after folic acid fortification was introduced in Canada. The fortification program ...
Nutrition and cognitionNutrition and cognition
Berry, RJ; Carter, HK; Yang, Q (July 2007). "Cognitive impairment in older Americans in the age of folic acid fortification". ... Neural tube defects can present in a number of ways as a result of the improper closure at various points of the neural tube. ... The clinical spectrum of the disorder includes encephalocele, craniorachischisis, and anencephaly. In addition, these defects ... Folic acid supplementation is shown to lower blood homocysteine levels, while folic acid deficiency can lead to a condition of ...
FolateFolate
... in the overall rate of neural tube defects after folic acid fortification was introduced in Canada.[98] The fortification ... "Spina bifida and anencephaly before and after folic acid mandate-United States, 1995-1996 and 1999-2000". MMWR Morb. Mortal. ... Folic acid food fortification became mandatory in Canada in 1998, with the fortification of 150 µg of folic acid per 100 grams ... See also: Food fortification. Folic acid fortification is a process where folic acid is added to flour with the intention of ...
FolateFolate
2007). "Reduction in neural-tube defects after folic acid fortification in Canada". N. Engl. J. Med. 357 (2): 135-142. doi: ... "Spina bifida and anencephaly before and after folic acid mandate-United States, 1995-1996 and 1999-2000". MMWR Morb. Mortal. ... Food fortification[edit]. See also: Food fortification. Folic acid fortification is a process where folic acid is added to ... Jägerstad, M (2012). "Folic acid fortification prevents neural tube defects and may also reduce cancer risks". Acta Paediatrica ...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
AnencephalyFolic AcidNeural Tube DefectsFood, FortifiedNeural TubeSpinal DysraphismSpina Bifida OccultaFolic Acid DeficiencyFlourVitamin B ComplexDietary SupplementsBreadPregnancyPreconception CareVitamin B 12HomocysteineEncephaloceleTetrahydrofolatesPrenatal CareCongenital AbnormalitiesNeurulationVitamin B 12 DeficiencyCerealsInfant, NewbornFetal DeathNutrition PolicyFolic Acid AntagonistsAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyIron, DietaryMicronutrientsCondimentsPregnancy, TwinNeural CrestHyperhomocysteinemiaAnemia, MacrocyticDiseases in TwinsVitamin B 6Folate Receptors, GPI-AnchoredNutritional RequirementsNutritional StatusPrenatal DiagnosisAmniotic Band SyndromeChick EmbryoNervous SystemVitaminsBiological AvailabilityNotochordHematinicsAmniotic FluidFetal DiseasesIronDietCentral Nervous SystemMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)PrevalencePollen TubePrenatal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGestational AgeUnited StatesPteroylpolyglutamic AcidsPregnancy Outcome
Updated Estimates of Neural Tube Defects Prevented by Mandatory Folic Acid Fortification - United States, 1995-2011Updated Estimates of Neural Tube Defects Prevented by Mandatory Folic Acid Fortification - United States, 1995-2011
Prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) (anencephaly and spina bifida) before and after mandatory folic acid fortification, by ... Updated Estimates of Neural Tube Defects Prevented by Mandatory Folic Acid Fortification - United States, 1995-2011. Jennifer ... Estimate of the potential impact of folic acid fortification of corn masa flour on the prevention of neural tube defects. Birth ... CDC Grand Rounds: additional opportunities to prevent neural tube defects with folic acid fortification. MMWR Morbid Mortal ...
cdc.gov
Search of: Spina Bifida - List Results - ClinicalTrials.govSearch of: Spina Bifida - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
Neural Tube Defects - Spina Bifida and Anencephaly. *Drug: folic acid. Interventional. *Centers for Disease Control and ... a Simulation of Food Fortification. * ... Genetics of Neural Tube Defects. *Neural Tube Defects. ... Dosage Effects of Folic Acid on Blood Folates of Honduran Women. *Spina Bifida and Anencephaly ... genetic factors associated with neural tube defects. 10000. All. Child, Adult, Senior. NCT00636233. Pro00016517. R01NS039818. ...
clinicaltrials.gov
Wladimir Wertelecki - WikipediaWladimir Wertelecki - Wikipedia
Evidence of epidemic rates of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) (Spina Bifida and Anencephaly) in Ukraine (3 - 4 folds above Western ... prompted an initiative of folic acid fortification of flour as the most effective public health prevention intervention. http ...
en.wikipedia.org
Vegetarians and birth defects - NHSVegetarians and birth defects - NHS
Status and Risk of Neural Tube Defects in a Population With High Neural Tube Defect Prevalence and No Folic Acid Fortification. ... Conditions such as spina bifida and anencephaly are examples of these defects. Folic acid fortification of grain products is ... The researchers say that folic acid supplementation can prevent about 50% to 70% of neural tube defects, and that vitamin B12 ... Neural tube defects are thought to occur if there is interference with the closure of the neural tube in the embryo at around ...
nhs.uk
Neural Tube DefectsNeural Tube Defects
The long-term downward trend in anencephaly prevalence that preceded fortification with folic acid makes it difficult to ... Folic Acid Fortification: In 1992, the Public Health Service recommended that women of childbearing age consume 400 mcg of ... According to the CDC, defects of the spine (spina bifida [SB]) and brain (anencephaly) are common neural tube defects (NTDs). ... Before food fortification, only 29% of reproductive-age women were taking folic acid. ...
uspharmacist.com
WHO EMRO | Spina bifida and birth outcome before and after fortification of flour with iron and folic acid in Oman | Volume 16,...WHO EMRO | Spina bifida and birth outcome before and after fortification of flour with iron and folic acid in Oman | Volume 16,...
Spina bifida and birth outcome before and after fortification of flour with iron and folic acid in Oman ... Incidence of open neural tube defects in Nova Scotia after folic acid fortification. Canadian Medical Association journal, 2002 ... Spina bifida and anencephaly before and after folic acid mandate-United States 1995-1996 and 1999-2000. Morbidity and mortality ... Association of neural tube defects and folic acid food fortification in Canada. Lancet, 2002, 360:2047-8. ...
emro.who.int
Nutrition and physical activity | Australian Government Department of HealthNutrition and physical activity | Australian Government Department of Health
... and other neural tube defects before and after promotion of folic acid supplementation and voluntary food fortification." Birth ... anencephaly and spina bifida have fallen with promotion of folic acid supplements and voluntary fortification (Bower et al 2009 ... Folic acid. Folic acid supplementation prevents first and second time occurrence of neural tube defects (De-Regil et al 2010). ... However, no such falls have been seen for Aboriginal babies (Bower et al 2009) and the prevalence of neural tube defects among ...
health.gov.au
Implications of the folic acid fortification mandate on infant and chi by Kwame Agyarko Nyarko"Implications of the folic acid fortification mandate on infant and chi" by Kwame Agyarko Nyarko
NTDs occur when the neural tube fails to close during early fetal development. The two most common types of NTD are spina ... bifida and anencephaly. NTDs result in lifelong complications like musculoskeletal deformities and loss of strength. The ... However, one of the well-established risk factors of NTDs is folic acid deficiency. The prevalence of NTDs can be lowered by an ... In 1996, the Food and Drug Administration mandated that 140 micrograms of folic acid be added to 100 grams of bleached grain ...
ir.uiowa.edu
Folic acid - FoodFolic acid - Food
Europe is facing an "epidemic" of folic acid-preventable neural tube defects (NTD) spina bifida and anencephaly, researchers ... to press ahead with mandatory fortification of bread and flour with folic acid across the UK in a bid to reduce neural tube ... EU folate fortification failure caused 8,400 neural tube defects in 11 years 31-Aug-2015. By Annie Harrison-Dunn ... Folates not folic acid for flour fortification, urge researchers 25-Jul-2014. By Lynda Searby ...
foodnavigator.com
folic acid Archives - The Paleo Diet® folic acid Archives - The Paleo Diet®
Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food supply on the occurrence of neural tube defects. JAMA. 2001 Jun 20;285(23): ... Neural tube defects come in two basic forms: 1) spina bifida, and 2) anencephaly. Most cases of spina bifida are rarely fatal ... folic acid Folic Acid Supplementation and Fortification. In 1947 scientists at Lederle Labs synthesized a compound called folic ... where there is no folic acid fortification of foods."10 The folic acid fortification/cancer story certainly makes Paracelsuss ...
thepaleodiet.com
UK set to fortify flour with folic acid to prevent spine defects among newbornsUK set to fortify flour with folic acid to prevent spine defects among newborns
Public Health Minister Steve Brine added that the move would be discussed with the ministers and is likely to raise folic acid ... The evidence is clear that fortification will prevent around half of these neural tube defects." ... Tags: Abortion, Anencephaly, Birth Defects, Blood, Brain, Broccoli, Calcium, Consultation, Folic Acid, Gluten, In Utero, Niacin ... There have been population studies that have shown that folic acid fortification in wheat flour has reduced the incidence of ...
news-medical.net
New study may contribute to ongoing debate on fortification programNew study may contribute to ongoing debate on fortification program
... food supply with folic acid was not associated with a decline in certain birth defects that researchers expected to see in ... Lower levels of folic acid intake are known to increase the risk for neural tube defects, including anencephaly, in which a ... and which were the intended target of fortification with folic acid, a B vitamin. However, neural tube defects were already ... Tags: Anencephaly, Baby, Birth Defects, Blood, Brain, Cleft Palate, Colorectal, Disability, Folic Acid, Gastroschisis, Obesity ...
news-medical.net
A Temporal Association between Folic Acid Fortification and an Increase in Colorectal Cancer Rates May Be Illuminating...A Temporal Association between Folic Acid Fortification and an Increase in Colorectal Cancer Rates May Be Illuminating...
Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food supply on the occurrence of neural tube defects. JAMA 2001;285:2981-6. ... and anencephaly (3, 4). ... Prevention of neural-tube defects with folic acid in China. N ... Association of neural tube defects and folic acid food fortification in Canada. Lancet 2002;360:2047-8. ... neural tube defects. This communication highlights a temporal association between folic acid fortification of enriched cereal ...
cebp.aacrjournals.org
SECOND OPINION: Folic Acid Fortification Should Oral Contraceptives Be Next? CON | Article | NursingCenterSECOND OPINION: Folic Acid Fortification Should Oral Contraceptives Be Next? CON | Article | NursingCenter
Outline Reference While it is important that women take folic acid daily, I have a number of concerns about fortifying oral ... the window of opportunity to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida and anencephaly has closed. Will women who ... If the fortification net was cast more broadly than just adding folic acid to OCPs, the benefits of folic acid consumption ... Fortification of foods with folic acid has been one strategy used to help women increase their folic acid consumption. However ...
nursingcenter.com
International retrospective cohort study of neural tube defects in relation to folic acid recommendations: are the...International retrospective cohort study of neural tube defects in relation to folic acid recommendations: are the...
Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food supply on the occurrence of neural tube defects.JAMA2001; 285:2981-6. ... Neural tube defects, which also include anencephaly, are severe and often lethal conditions that annually affect at least 300 ... Prevention of neural-tube defects with folic acid in China: China-U.S. Collaborative Project for Neural Tube Defect Prevention. ... Association of neural tube defects and folic acid food fortification in Canada.Lancet2002; 360:2047-8. ...
bmj.com
Corn Masa Flour Fortification | Public Health Law ResearchCorn Masa Flour Fortification | Public Health Law Research
"CDC Grand Rounds: Additional Opportunities to Prevent Neural Tube Defects with Folic Acid Fortification" via Morbidity and ... Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida or anencephaly, affect 3,000 babies in the United States each year. The majority of ... Because many grains in the United States are enriched with folic acid, there have been declines in neural tube defects. However ... Learn more about corn flour fortification for the prevention of neural tube defects:. *" ...
publichealthlawresearch.org
Hospitalizations of Newborns With Folate-Sensitive Birth Defects Before and After Fortification of Foods With Folic Acid |...Hospitalizations of Newborns With Folate-Sensitive Birth Defects Before and After Fortification of Foods With Folic Acid |...
Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food supply on the occurrence of neural tube defects. JAMA.2001;285 :2981- 2986. ... Prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly during the transition to mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States. ... Preventive Effects of Folic Acid. Evidence supporting the benefit of folic acid or multivitamins containing folic acid in ... Mills JL, Signore C. Neural tube defect rates before and after food fortification with folic acid. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol ...
pediatrics.aappublications.org
Food fortification - WikipediaFood fortification - Wikipedia
"Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food supply on the occurrence of neural tube defects" (PDF). JAMA. 285 (23): 2981- ... Two common types of NTDs, spina bifida and anencephaly, affect approximately 2500-3000 infants born in the US annually. ... and preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). In many industrialized countries, the addition of folic acid to flour has prevented ... several hundred thousand people are exposed to an increased intake of folic acid for each neural tube defect pregnancy that is ...
en.wikipedia.org
Food Fortification With Folic Acid Does The Trick ( A study published in the New England Jo...)Food Fortification With Folic Acid Does The Trick ( A study published in the New England Jo...)
Adding folic acid to food has been shown to prevent neural tube de... The provinces where the rates of neural tube defects were ... highest ...,Food,Fortification,With,Folic,,Acid,Does,The,Trick,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical ... Spina bifida and anencephaly are the two most common neural tube defects.. The provinces where the rates of neural tube defects ... Adding folic acid to food has been shown to prevent neural tube defects, which occur when the neural tube, which later turns ...
bio-medicine.org
Folic Acid Supplementation and Cancer Risk: Point | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & PreventionFolic Acid Supplementation and Cancer Risk: Point | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food supply on the occurrence of neural tube defects. JAMA 2001;285:2981-6. ... Prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly during the transition to mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States. ... Prevention of neural-tube defects with folic acid in China. China-U.S. Collaborative Project for Neural Tube Defect Prevention ... Reduction in neural-tube defects after folic acid fortification in Canada. N Engl J Med 2007;357:135-42. ...
cebp.aacrjournals.org
Spina Bifida Association of North Texas | Data and StatisticsSpina Bifida Association of North Texas | Data and Statistics
... of folic acid daily to reduce the risk of having a pregnancy affected by birth defects known as neural tube defects (NTDs), ... have folic acid added to them to help reduce the risk of NTDs. This is known as folic acid fortification. *One study using data ... Overall, a 28% reduction in prevalence was observed for anencephaly (a birth defect of the brain) and spina bifida. A greater ... Since folic acid fortification began, there are about 1,300 babies born each year in the United States without an NTD that ...
spinabifidant.org
Flour Fortification with Folic Acid: Good or Bad? | Dr. Cordain Flour Fortification with Folic Acid: Good or Bad? | Dr. Cordain
FDAs mandatory folic acid fortification program may be one of the worst blunders in the history of U.S. public health. Folic ... Neural tube defects come in two basic forms: 1) spina bifida, and 2) anencephaly. Most cases of spina bifida are rarely fatal ... Impact of folic acid fortification of the US food supply on the occurrence of neural tube defects. JAMA. 2001 Jun 20;285(23): ... where there is no folic acid fortification of foods."10 The folic acid fortification/cancer story certainly makes Paracelsuss ...
thepaleodiet.com
UK Government to press ahead with folic acid flour fortificationUK Government to press ahead with folic acid flour fortification
The UK government are proposing plans to fortify flour with folic acid in moves to stem the number of birth defects linked to ... Folic acid or vitamin B deficiency amongst mothers-to-be is strongly linked to neural tube defects with babies being born ... "Its introduction will change many lives for the better by reducing the incidence of anencephaly and spina bifida. This ... The UK s previous stance on folic acid fortification is in stark contrast to 60 countries worldwide that now add folic acid to ...
nutraingredients.com
Case for folic acid to be added to flour is overwhelming argues review - NHSCase for folic acid to be added to flour is 'overwhelming' argues review - NHS
There are fresh calls for the government to fortify flour with folic acid in the UK to help protect babies from common birth ... The authors present a compelling case for folic acid fortification in flour to prevent neural tube defects. ... neural tube defects). The authors say the two types of neural tube defects, spina bifida and anencephaly, are the most common ... They also say how folic acid would have wider benefits than just preventing neural tube defects, including reducing anaemia due ...
nhs.uk
Metal Contamination and the Epidemic of Congenital Birth Defects in Iraqi Cities | SpringerLinkMetal Contamination and the Epidemic of Congenital Birth Defects in Iraqi Cities | SpringerLink
Use of folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies. JOGC 25(11):959-965Google Scholar ... Prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly during the transition to mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States. ... neural tube defects (n = 18 out of 46), and cleft lip/palate (n = 4 out of 46). Cardiac defects, neural tube defects, and ... Li Z, Ren A, Zhang L, Guo Z, Li Z et al (2006) A population-based case-control study of risk factors for neural tube defects in ...
link.springer.com
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
AnencephalyFolic AcidNeural Tube DefectsFood, FortifiedNeural TubeSpinal DysraphismSpina Bifida OccultaFolic Acid DeficiencyFlourVitamin B ComplexDietary SupplementsBreadPregnancyPreconception CareVitamin B 12HomocysteineEncephaloceleTetrahydrofolatesPrenatal CareCongenital AbnormalitiesNeurulationVitamin B 12 DeficiencyCerealsInfant, NewbornFetal DeathNutrition PolicyFolic Acid AntagonistsAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyIron, DietaryMicronutrientsCondimentsPregnancy, TwinNeural CrestHyperhomocysteinemiaAnemia, MacrocyticDiseases in TwinsVitamin B 6Folate Receptors, GPI-AnchoredNutritional RequirementsNutritional StatusPrenatal DiagnosisAmniotic Band SyndromeChick EmbryoNervous SystemVitaminsBiological AvailabilityNotochordHematinicsAmniotic FluidFetal DiseasesIronDietCentral Nervous SystemMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)PrevalencePollen TubePrenatal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGestational AgeUnited StatesPteroylpolyglutamic AcidsPregnancy Outcome
Spina bifida and anencephalyFlourBecoming pregnantSupplementsPrevalenceEnough folic acidFoods with folicIntakeRole of folic acidPregnant womenLevels of folic acidMicrograms of folic acidSupplementCerealsBenefits of folicCongenitalEncephaloceleDeficiencyIncidencePreventionMandatory fortification with folic acidVoluntarily fortification with folic acidPregnancies are unplannedAdequate folic acidEffect of folic acidAmount of folic acidSyntheticPrenatalForm of folatePrevent neuralImplementation of folic acid fortificationCerealWomenFood
Spina bifida and anencephaly5
Flour47
Becoming pregnant5
Supplements36
Prevalence8
Enough folic acid3
Foods with folic2
Intake15
Role of folic acid2
Pregnant women6
Levels of folic acid1
  • In one Norwegian study, researchers estimated that about 22 percent of isolated cleft palate cases could have been avoided if women ensured they took their daily recommended levels of folic acid. (curejoy.com)
Micrograms of folic acid1
Supplement10
Cereals9
Benefits of folic1
Congenital3
Encephalocele2
Deficiency6
Incidence5
Prevention3
  • In June 2007, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) published an article by Bernard Cole and his colleagues of the Polyp Prevention Study Group reporting that the administration of one milligram folic acid per day increased the risk of a colorectal adenoma by about 10 percent, the one for an according lesion even by 30 to 60 percent depending on the follow-up. (doccheck.com)
  • More recently, advances in antenatal diagnosis and perhaps, most important of all, successful prevention strategies through the use of preconception folic acid, led to a fall in the number of new cases. (scielo.org.za)
  • The paper also discusses the controversies surrounding the effect of folic acid on the prevention as well as the promotion of cancer. (hindawi.com)
Mandatory fortification with folic acid2
Voluntarily fortification with folic acid2
Pregnancies are unplanned1
  • Given that many pregnancies are unplanned, women may not start taking folic acid until they realise they are pregnant when it may already be too late to give benefit. (www.nhs.uk)
Adequate folic acid2
  • Subgroups predicted to derive less than adequate folic acid intakes from the proposed policy were women of Asian descent and those with a postgraduate education. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As many as a third of North American women may not get adequate folic acid from their diets, despite the fortification of grain products with the nutrient. (verywellfamily.com)
Effect of folic acid1
  • This was to evaluate the effect of B12 levels independently from the known effect of folic acid. (www.nhs.uk)
Amount of folic acid2
  • The amount recommended is greater than the median amount of folic acid (0.2 mg) consumed daily by Australian women of reproductive age 3 and difficult to achieve by diet alone. (mja.com.au)
  • They found that taking the recommended amount of folic acid at the time of conception may in fact lower your child's risk of pesticide-related autism specifically. (mercola.com)
Synthetic5
Prenatal1
Form of folate1
Prevent neural1
Implementation of folic acid fortification1
Cereal4
  • The rather large increase in folate status was perhaps not surprising because analyses of several cereal grains that were purchased after the institution of fortification showed that in many instances the actual amount of folate was 150% to 300% greater than the mandate ( 10 ), suggesting that in this early era of fortification, manufacturers often included "overage" to ensure that they were meeting the minimal level of mandated fortification. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The U.S. program adds 140 µg of folic acid per 100 g of enriched cereal grain product and has been estimated to provide 100-200 µg of folic acid per day to women of childbearing age. (healdove.com)
  • The U.S. program adds 140 µg of folic acid per 100 g of enriched cereal grain product. (kimmaravich.com)
  • These three cereal crops are the most commonly consumed grains worldwide, and the fortification of each represents tremendous opportunities to improve global health. (ffinetwork.org)
Women21
Food19