Distortion or disfigurement of the foot, or a part of the foot, acquired through disease or injury after birth.
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot occurring at or before birth.
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.
The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.
A condition in which one or more of the arches of the foot have flattened out.
A deformed foot in which the foot is plantarflexed, inverted and adducted.
Plantar declination of the foot.
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.
The forepart of the foot including the metatarsals and the TOES.
Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic changes at the periphery. It is probably a complication of a variety of neurologic disorders, particularly TABES DORSALIS, involving loss of sensation, which leads to relaxation of supporting structures and chronic instability of the joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)
The seven bones which form the tarsus - namely, CALCANEUS; TALUS; cuboid, navicular, and the internal, middle, and external cuneiforms.
The part of the foot between the tarsa and the TOES.
Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.
A condition characterized by a series of interrelated digital symptoms and joint changes of the lesser digits and METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS of the FOOT. The syndrome can include some or all of the following conditions: hammer toe, claw toe, mallet toe, overlapping fifth toe, curly toe, EXOSTOSIS; HYPEROSTOSIS; interdigital heloma, or contracted toe.
A bone fixation technique using an external fixator (FIXATORS, EXTERNAL) for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthroses and other deformities, and assisting the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis. The method was devised by the Russian orthopedic surgeon Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov (1921-1992). (From Bull Hosp Jt Dis 1992 Summer;52(1):1)
A bony proliferation and articular degeneration of the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT that is characterized by pain and a progressive decrease in the dorsiflexion range of motion.
Deformities acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease. The joint deformity is often associated with rheumatoid arthritis and leprosy.
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand occurring at or before birth.
Formed by the articulation of the talus with the calcaneus.
Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.
The five long bones of the METATARSUS, articulating with the TARSAL BONES proximally and the PHALANGES OF TOES distally.
Surgical procedure by which a tendon is incised at its insertion and placed at an anatomical site distant from the original insertion. The tendon remains attached at the point of origin and takes over the function of a muscle inactivated by trauma or disease.
The largest of the TARSAL BONES which is situated at the lower and back part of the FOOT, forming the HEEL.
Bone lengthening by gradual mechanical distraction. An external fixation device produces the distraction across the bone plate. The technique was originally applied to long bones but in recent years the method has been adapted for use with mandibular implants in maxillofacial surgery.
The surgical cutting of a bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease.
A condition characterized by a broad range of progressive disorders ranging from TENOSYNOVITIS to tendon rupture with or without hindfoot collapse to a fixed, rigid, FLATFOOT deformity. Pathologic changes can involve associated tendons, ligaments, joint structures of the ANKLE, hindfoot, and midfoot. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the most common cause of acquired flatfoot deformity in adults.
Apparatus used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to improve the function of movable parts of the body.
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)
Abnormalities of the nose acquired after birth from injury or disease.
A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)
General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.
Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).
An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)
The TARSAL BONES; METATARSAL BONES; and PHALANGES OF TOES. The tarsal bones consists of seven bones: CALCANEUS; TALUS; cuboid; navicular; internal; middle; and external cuneiform bones. The five metatarsal bones are numbered one through five, running medial to lateral. There are 14 phalanges in each foot, the great toe has two while the other toes have three each.
Congenital structural abnormalities of the LOWER EXTREMITY.
Deformities of the SPINE characterized by an exaggerated convexity of the vertebral column. The forward bending of the thoracic region usually is more than 40 degrees. This deformity sometimes is called round back or hunchback.
The articulations extending from the ANKLE distally to the TOES. These include the ANKLE JOINT; TARSAL JOINTS; METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT; and TOE JOINT.
The spinal or vertebral column.
Lateral displacement of the great toe (HALLUX), producing deformity of the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT with callous, bursa, or bunion formation over the bony prominence.
Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumatic, or as a result of disease. The lengthening is not restricted to long bones. The usual surgical methods are internal fixation and distraction.
A condition in which one of a pair of legs fails to grow as long as the other, which could result from injury or surgery.
Congenital structural deformities of the upper and lower extremities collectively or unspecified.
Developmental bone diseases are a category of skeletal disorders that arise from disturbances in the normal growth and development of bones, including abnormalities in size, shape, structure, or composition, which can lead to various musculoskeletal impairments and deformities.
A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region.
'Shoes' are not a medical term, but an item of footwear designed to provide protection, support, and comfort to the feet during various activities, although ill-fitting or inappropriate shoes can contribute to various foot conditions such as blisters, corns, calluses, and orthopedic issues.
Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.
A mild, highly infectious viral disease of children, characterized by vesicular lesions in the mouth and on the hands and feet. It is caused by coxsackieviruses A.
Distortion or disfigurement of the ear caused by disease or injury after birth.
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.
The articulation between a metatarsal bone (METATARSAL BONES) and a phalanx.
Dressings made of fiberglass, plastic, or bandage impregnated with plaster of paris used for immobilization of various parts of the body in cases of fractures, dislocations, and infected wounds. In comparison with plaster casts, casts made of fiberglass or plastic are lightweight, radiolucent, able to withstand moisture, and less rigid.
Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.
A set of twelve curved bones which connect to the vertebral column posteriorly, and terminate anteriorly as costal cartilage. Together, they form a protective cage around the internal thoracic organs.
A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.
Congenital structural abnormalities and deformities of the musculoskeletal system.
The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.
External devices which hold wires or pins that are placed through one or both cortices of bone in order to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment. These devices allow easy access to wounds, adjustment during the course of healing, and more functional use of the limbs involved.
An inward slant of the thigh in which the knees are close together and the ankles far apart. Genu valgum can develop due to skeletal and joint dysplasias (e.g., OSTEOARTHRITIS; HURLER SYNDROME); and malnutrition (e.g., RICKETS; FLUORIDE POISONING).
Rigid or flexible appliances used to maintain in position a displaced or movable part or to keep in place and protect an injured part. (Dorland, 28th ed)
The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.
The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS.
Applies to movements of the forearm in turning the palm backward or downward. When referring to the foot, a combination of eversion and abduction movements in the tarsal and metatarsal joints (turning the foot up and in toward the midline of the body).
Union of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty or abnormal position. If two bones parallel to one another unite by osseous tissue, the result is a crossunion. (From Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 4th ed)
Osteitis or caries of the vertebrae, usually occurring as a complication of tuberculosis of the lungs.
The innermost digit of the foot in PRIMATES.
Devices which are used in the treatment of orthopedic injuries and diseases.
The surgical fixation of a joint by a procedure designed to accomplish fusion of the joint surfaces by promoting the proliferation of bone cells. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Patterns of weight distribution under the metatarsal heads. (1/46)

The longitudinal arch between the heel and the forefoot and the transverse arch between the first and fifth metatarsal heads, absorb shock, energy and force. A device to measure plantar pressure was used in 66 normal healthy subjects and in 294 patients with various types of foot disorder. Only 22 (3%) of a total of 720 feet, had a dynamic metatarsal arch during the stance phase of walking, and all had known abnormality. Our findings show that there is no distal transverse metatarsal arch during the stance phase. This is important for the classification and description of disorders of the foot.  (+info)

Interdigitated deletion complexes on mouse chromosome 5 induced by irradiation of embryonic stem cells. (2/46)

Chromosome deletions have several applications in the genetic analysis of complex organisms. They can be used as reagents in region-directed mutagenesis, for mapping of simple or complex traits, or to identify biological consequences of segmental haploidy, the latter being relevant to human contiguous gene syndromes and imprinting. We have generated three deletion complexes in ES (Embryonic Stem) cells that collectively span approximately 40 cM of proximal mouse chromosome 5. The deletion complexes were produced by irradiation of F(1) hybrid ES cells containing herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes (tk) integrated at the Dpp6, Hdh (Huntington disease locus), or Gabrb1 loci, followed by selection for tk-deficient clones. Deletions centered at the adjacent Hdh and Dpp6 loci ranged up to approximately 20 cM or more in length and overlapped in an interdigitated fashion. However, the interval between Hdh and Gabrb1 appeared to contain a locus haploinsufficient for ES cell viability, thereby preventing deletions of either complex from overlapping. In some cases, the deletions resolved the order of markers that were previously genetically inseparable. A subset of the ES cell-bearing deletions was injected into blastocysts to generate germline chimeras and establish lines of mice segregating the deletion chromosomes. At least 11 of the 26 lines injected were capable of producing germline chimeras. In general, those that failed to undergo germline transmission bore deletions larger than the germline-competent clones, suggesting that certain regions of chromosome 5 contain haploinsufficient developmental genes, and/or that overall embryonic viability is cumulatively decreased as more genes are rendered hemizygous. Mice bearing deletions presumably spanning the semidominant hammertoe locus (Hm) had no phenotype, suggesting that the classic allele is a dominant, gain-of-function mutation. Overlapping deletion complexes generated in the fashion described in this report will be useful as multipurpose genetic tools and in systematic functional mapping of the mouse genome.  (+info)

Pads and flexion creases on the plantar surface of hammertoe mutant mouse (Hm). (3/46)

The purpose of the present work was to determine the effects of the hereditary malformation of Hammertoe mutant mice (gene symbol Hm) on the surrounding morphological structures and, specifically, on the volar pads, i.e., the sites of the epidermal ridge patterns (dermatoglyphics). The hindlimbs of the wild-type (+/+) Hammertoe mice show no anomalies and their major pad and flexion crease configurations correspond to those of normal mice. The heterozygous (Hm/+) and homozygous (Hm/Hm) mice display a fusion of the interdigital tissues involving all digits with the exception of digit I. In Hm/Hm mice, this webbing extends to the distal phalanx and the markedly flexed digits form a shape resembling a hammer. In Hm/+ mice, the interdigital webbing does not extend as far and the digits show moderate flexion compared to those of Hm/Hm mice. Both Hm/Hm and Hm/+ have a rudimentary extra digit in the postaxial area of the hindlimbs. The ventral volar skin of the flexed digits is incompletely developed. The more posterior digits show the more severe camptodactyly. These aberrant configurations are related to the abnormal occurrence of the programmed cell death (PCD) in the interdigital zones II-IV and the proximal part of the postaxial margin during hindlimb development. They are limited to the pads on the plantar surface of the postaxial area; the preaxial area is not affected. As a result of a severe camptodactyly of digit V, its volar skin is shifted into the distal portion of the hypothenar area. This shifting affects the number, size, and location of the pads, especially of the hypothenar pad, resulting in varying pad configurations, such as a displacement of the distal and proximal components of the hypothenar pad, or a fusion of the two components of the hypothenar pad, leading to a reduced final pad number. These pad modifications are induced by the postaxial plantar surface shifting proximally and are not affected by the presence of an extra rudimentary digit. The pad modifications in Hammertoe mice with webbed digits and postaxial polydactyly resemble closely those of the previously studied mice with genetic preaxial polydactyly.  (+info)

Perinatal development of endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice. (4/46)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) deficiency on fetal growth, perinatal survival, and limb development in a mouse model with a targeted mutagenesis of the Nos3 gene. Wild-type (Nos3+/+) and eNOS-deficient fetuses (Nos3-/-) were evaluated on Gestational Day (E)15 and E17, and newborn pups were observed on Day 1 of life (D1). The average term duration of pregnancy was 19 days. For the evaluation of postnatal development, a breeding scheme consisting of Nos3+/- x Nos3+/- and Nos3-/- x Nos3-/- mice was established, and offspring were observed for 3 wk. Southern blotting was used for genotyping. No significant differences in fetal weight, crown-rump lengths (CRL), and placental weight were seen between Nos3+/+ and Nos3-/- fetuses on E15. By E17, Nos3-/- fetuses showed significantly reduced fetal weights, CRL, and placental weights. This difference in body weight was also seen throughout the whole postnatal period. In pregnancies of Nos3-/- females, the average number of pups alive on D1 was significantly decreased compared to either E15 or E17. Placental histology revealed no abnormalities. On E15, E17, and D1, Nos3(-/-) fetuses demonstrated focal acute hemorrhages in the distal limbs in 0%, 2.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, of all mutant mice studied on the respective days. Bone measurements showed significantly shorter bones in the peripheral digits of hindpaws of Nos3-/- newborns. We conclude mice deficient for eNOS show characteristically abnormal prenatal and postnatal development including fetal growth restriction, reduced survival, and an increased rate of limb abnormalities. The development of this characteristic phenotype of eNOS-deficient mice dates back to the prenatal development during the late third trimester of pregnancy.  (+info)

Screening diabetic patients at risk for foot ulceration. A multi-centre hospital-based study in France. (5/46)

BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence of risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration in diabetic patients free of active pedal ulceration in a hospital setting. METHODS: In sixteen French diabetology centres, a survey was conducted on a given day in all diabetic people attending the units, both as in- or out-patients. RESULTS: 664 patients were evaluated: 105 had an active foot ulcer and were excluded from the analysis as were four other patients due to lack of reliable data. From the 555 assessable patients, 40 (7.2%) had a history of foot ulcer or lower-limb amputation. Sensory neuropathy with loss of protective sensation, as measured by the 5.07 (10 g) Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing, was present in 27.1% of patients, whereas 17% had a peripheral arterial disease mainly based on the clinical examination. On addition, foot deformities were found in 117 patients (21.1%). According to the classification system of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot, 72.8% of patients were at low-risk for pedal ulceration (grade 0) and 17,5% were in the higher-risk groups (grade 2 & 3). If patients with isolated peripheral arterial disease were considered as a separate risk group (as was those with isolated neuropathy), percentage of low-risk patients decreased to 65.6%. There was a clear trend between the increasing severity of the staging and age, duration of diabetes, prevalence of nephropathy and retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of risk factors for foot ulceration is rather high in a hospital-based diabetic population, emphasising the need for implementing screening and preventive strategies to decrease the burden of diabetic foot problems and to improve the quality of life for people with diabetes.  (+info)

A genomic rearrangement resulting in a tandem duplication is associated with split hand-split foot malformation 3 (SHFM3) at 10q24. (6/46)

Split hand-split foot malformation (SHFM) is characterized by hypoplasia/aplasia of the central digits with fusion of the remaining digits. SHFM is usually an autosomal dominant condition and at least five loci have been identified in humans. Mutation analysis of the DACTYLIN gene, suspected to be responsible for SHFM3 in chromosome 10q24, was conducted in seven SHFM patients. We screened the coding region of DACTYLIN by single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing, and found no point mutations. However, Southern, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and dosage analyses demonstrated a complex rearrangement associated with a approximately 0.5 Mb tandem duplication in all the patients. The distal and proximal breakpoints were within an 80 and 130 kb region, respectively. This duplicated region contained a disrupted extra copy of the DACTYLIN gene and the entire LBX1 and beta-TRCP genes, known to be involved in limb development. The possible role of these genes in the SHFM3 phenotype is discussed.  (+info)

Evaluation of abnormal biomechanics of the foot and ankle in athletes. (7/46)

Athletes often suffer from recurrent or chronic overuse symptoms of the lower extremities. During the office visit it is essential to analyse the patient's shoes, gait cycle, lower extremities and, especially, the talocrural, subtalar and more distal joints of the ankle and foot. The basic (clinical) biomechanical analysis can be supplemented by radiographs, treadmill and video analysis and mirror table (podoscope) examinations. Ideally, successful pain relief by correction of the observed abnormality with an orthotic device completes the diagnostic procedure, especially if symptoms return soon after the removal of the device. In treatment custom-made, expensive orthotics should not be prescribed for overuse symptoms without an obvious malalignment, for asymptomatic athletes with a malalignment, or for symptoms in which the causal relationship between the biomechanical abnormality and symptoms is difficult to see. Strict indications for prescription of orthotics and close cooperation between the attending physician, physical therapist and orthotist are prerequisites for obtaining good, long-lasting results.  (+info)

Primary idiopathic osteolysis: description of a family. (8/46)

A clinical, analytical, and radiological study was carried out on three members of the same family with multicentric idiopathic osteolysis. Transmission appeared to be via the dominant autosome present in the mother and two daughters. In the daughters osteolysis was seen in the carpal and tarsal bones, whereas in the mother radiology showed it to be in the phalanges of the hands and feet.  (+info)

Acquired foot deformities refer to structural abnormalities of the foot that develop after birth, as opposed to congenital foot deformities which are present at birth. These deformities can result from various factors such as trauma, injury, infection, neurological conditions, or complications from a medical condition like diabetes or arthritis.

Examples of acquired foot deformities include:

1. Hammertoe - A deformity where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, resembling a hammer.
2. Claw toe - A more severe form of hammertoe where the toe also curls under, forming a claw-like shape.
3. Mallet toe - A condition where the end joint of a toe is bent downward, causing it to resemble a mallet.
4. Bunions - A bony bump that forms on the inside of the foot at the big toe joint, often causing pain and difficulty wearing shoes.
5. Tailor's bunion (bunionette) - A similar condition to a bunion, but it occurs on the outside of the foot near the little toe joint.
6. Charcot foot - A severe deformity that can occur in people with diabetes or other neurological conditions, characterized by the collapse and dislocation of joints in the foot.
7. Cavus foot - A condition where the arch of the foot is excessively high, causing instability and increasing the risk of ankle injuries.
8. Flatfoot (pes planus) - A deformity where the arch of the foot collapses, leading to pain and difficulty walking.
9. Pronation deformities - Abnormal rotation or tilting of the foot, often causing instability and increasing the risk of injury.

Treatment for acquired foot deformities varies depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include orthotics, physical therapy, medication, or surgery.

Congenital foot deformities refer to abnormal structural changes in the foot that are present at birth. These deformities can vary from mild to severe and may affect the shape, position, or function of one or both feet. Common examples include clubfoot (talipes equinovarus), congenital vertical talus, and cavus foot. Congenital foot deformities can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences during fetal development, or a combination of both. Treatment options may include stretching, casting, surgery, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the severity and type of the deformity.

Foot deformities refer to abnormal changes in the structure and/or alignment of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, or tendons in the foot, leading to a deviation from the normal shape and function of the foot. These deformities can occur in various parts of the foot, such as the toes, arch, heel, or ankle, and can result in pain, difficulty walking, and reduced mobility. Some common examples of foot deformities include:

1. Hammertoes: A deformity where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, resembling a hammer.
2. Mallet toes: A condition where the end joint of the toe is bent downward, creating a mallet-like shape.
3. Claw toes: A combination of both hammertoes and mallet toes, causing all three joints in the toe to bend abnormally.
4. Bunions: A bony bump that forms on the inside of the foot at the base of the big toe, caused by the misalignment of the big toe joint.
5. Tailor's bunion (bunionette): A similar condition to a bunion but occurring on the outside of the foot, at the base of the little toe.
6. Flat feet (pes planus): A condition where the arch of the foot collapses, causing the entire sole of the foot to come into contact with the ground when standing or walking.
7. High arches (pes cavus): An excessively high arch that doesn't provide enough shock absorption and can lead to pain and instability.
8. Cavus foot: A condition characterized by a very high arch and tight heel cord, often leading to an imbalance in the foot structure and increased risk of ankle injuries.
9. Haglund's deformity: A bony enlargement on the back of the heel, which can cause pain and irritation when wearing shoes.
10. Charcot foot: A severe deformity that occurs due to nerve damage in the foot, leading to weakened bones, joint dislocations, and foot collapse.

Foot deformities can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (develop later in life) due to various factors such as injury, illness, poor footwear, or abnormal biomechanics. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and management are essential for maintaining foot health and preventing further complications.

In medical terms, the foot is the part of the lower limb that is distal to the leg and below the ankle, extending from the tarsus to the toes. It is primarily responsible for supporting body weight and facilitating movement through push-off during walking or running. The foot is a complex structure made up of 26 bones, 33 joints, and numerous muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves that work together to provide stability, balance, and flexibility. It can be divided into three main parts: the hindfoot, which contains the talus and calcaneus (heel) bones; the midfoot, which includes the navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform bones; and the forefoot, which consists of the metatarsals and phalanges that form the toes.

Medical professionals define "flatfoot" or "pes planus" as a postural deformity in which the arch of the foot collapses, leading to the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. This condition can be classified as flexible (the arch reappears when the foot is not bearing weight) or rigid (the arch does not reappear). Flatfoot can result from various factors such as genetics, injury, aging, or certain medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and cerebral palsy. In some cases, flatfoot may not cause any symptoms or problems; however, in other instances, it can lead to pain, discomfort, or difficulty walking. Treatment options for flatfoot depend on the severity of the condition and associated symptoms and may include physical therapy, orthotics, bracing, or surgery.

Clubfoot, also known as talipes equinovarus, is a congenital foot deformity where the foot is twisted inward and downward. The affected foot appears to be turned inward and downward, resembling a club or a bowling pin. This condition usually affects one foot but can occur in both feet as well.

The cause of clubfoot is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Clubfoot is often diagnosed at birth or during routine prenatal ultrasound exams. Treatment for clubfoot typically involves nonsurgical methods such as stretching, casting, and bracing to gradually correct the position of the foot over time. In some cases, surgery may be required to release tight tendons and realign the bones in the foot and ankle.

If left untreated, clubfoot can lead to significant mobility issues and difficulty walking or participating in activities. However, with early intervention and consistent treatment, most children with clubfoot are able to lead active and normal lives.

Equinus deformity is a condition in which the ankle remains in a permanently plantarflexed position, meaning that the toes are pointing downward. This limitation in motion can occur in one or both feet and can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired. Acquired equinus deformity can result from conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, trauma, or prolonged immobilization. The limited range of motion in the ankle can cause difficulty walking, pain, and abnormalities in gait. Treatment options for equinus deformity may include physical therapy, bracing, orthotic devices, or surgery.

Foot diseases refer to various medical conditions that affect the foot, including its structures such as the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and nerves. These conditions can cause symptoms like pain, swelling, numbness, difficulty walking, and skin changes. Examples of foot diseases include:

1. Plantar fasciitis: inflammation of the band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes.
2. Bunions: a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe.
3. Hammertoe: a deformity in which the toe is bent at the middle joint, resembling a hammer.
4. Diabetic foot: a group of conditions that can occur in people with diabetes, including nerve damage, poor circulation, and increased risk of infection.
5. Athlete's foot: a fungal infection that affects the skin between the toes and on the soles of the feet.
6. Ingrown toenails: a condition where the corner or side of a toenail grows into the flesh of the toe.
7. Gout: a type of arthritis that causes sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in the joints, often starting with the big toe.
8. Foot ulcers: open sores or wounds that can occur on the feet, especially in people with diabetes or poor circulation.
9. Morton's neuroma: a thickening of the tissue around a nerve between the toes, causing pain and numbness.
10. Osteoarthritis: wear and tear of the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

Foot diseases can affect people of all ages and backgrounds, and some may be prevented or managed with proper foot care, hygiene, and appropriate medical treatment.

The forefoot is the front part of the human foot that contains the toes and the associated bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. It is made up of five long bones called metatarsals and fourteen phalanges, which are the bones in the toes. The forefoot plays a crucial role in weight-bearing, balance, and propulsion during walking and running. The joints in the forefoot allow for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction of the toes, enabling us to maintain our footing on various surfaces and adapt to different terrain.

Neurogenic arthropathy is a joint disease that occurs as a result of nerve damage or dysfunction. Also known as Charcot joint, this condition is characterized by joint destruction and deformity due to the loss of sensation and proprioception, which normally help protect the joint from excessive stress and injury.

Neurogenic arthropathy often affects people with diabetes, syphilis, leprosy, spinal cord injuries, or other conditions that damage nerves. The damage impairs the ability to feel pain, temperature, and position, making it difficult for individuals to notice or respond to joint injuries. Over time, this can lead to joint degeneration, fractures, dislocations, and severe deformities if left untreated.

Treatment typically involves managing the underlying nerve condition, immobilizing the affected joint with a brace or cast, and in some cases, surgical intervention to repair or replace damaged joints. Regular exercise, physical therapy, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also help manage symptoms and prevent further complications.

The tarsal bones are a group of seven articulating bones in the foot that make up the posterior portion of the foot, located between the talus bone of the leg and the metatarsal bones of the forefoot. They play a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and facilitating movement.

There are three categories of tarsal bones:

1. Proximal row: This includes the talus, calcaneus (heel bone), and navicular bones. The talus articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint, while the calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel. The navicular bone is located between the talus and the cuneiform bones.

2. Intermediate row: This includes the cuboid bone, which is located laterally (on the outside) to the navicular bone and articulates with the calcaneus, fourth and fifth metatarsals, and the cuneiform bones.

3. Distal row: This includes three cuneiform bones - the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms - which are located between the navicular bone proximally and the first, second, and third metatarsal bones distally. The medial cuneiform is the largest of the three and articulates with the navicular bone, first metatarsal, and the intermediate cuneiform. The intermediate cuneiform articulates with the medial and lateral cuneiforms and the second metatarsal. The lateral cuneiform articulates with the intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, and fourth metatarsal.

Together, these bones form a complex network of joints that allow for movement and stability in the foot. Injuries or disorders affecting the tarsal bones can result in pain, stiffness, and difficulty walking.

The metatarsus is the region in the foot between the tarsal bones (which form the hindfoot and midfoot) and the phalanges (toes). It consists of five long bones called the metatarsals, which articulate with the tarsal bones proximally and the phalanges distally. The metatarsus plays a crucial role in weight-bearing, support, and propulsion during walking and running. Any abnormalities or injuries to this region may result in various foot conditions, such as metatarsalgia, Morton's neuroma, or hammertoes.

The term "diabetic foot" refers to a condition that affects the feet of people with diabetes, particularly when the disease is not well-controlled. It is characterized by a combination of nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor circulation (peripheral artery disease) in the feet and lower legs.

Neuropathy can cause numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet, making it difficult for people with diabetes to feel injuries, cuts, blisters, or other foot problems. Poor circulation makes it harder for wounds to heal and increases the risk of infection.

Diabetic foot ulcers are a common complication of diabetic neuropathy and can lead to serious infections, hospitalization, and even amputation if not treated promptly and effectively. Preventive care, including regular foot exams, proper footwear, and good blood glucose control, is essential for people with diabetes to prevent or manage diabetic foot problems.

Hammertoe syndrome, also known as hammer toe, is a deformity of the second, third, or fourth smaller toes where they become permanently bent at the middle joint, resembling a hammer. This condition can cause pain and difficulty walking, especially when wearing shoes that rub against the raised portion of the toe. Hammertoe syndrome can be caused by factors such as inherited foot type, arthritis, and muscle imbalance, and it can also result from wearing narrow or ill-fitting shoes for extended periods. Treatment options may include changes in footwear, orthotics, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgery.

The Ilizarov technique is a surgical method used for limb lengthening and reconstruction. It involves the use of an external fixation device, which consists of rings connected by adjustable rods and wires that are attached to the bone. This apparatus allows for gradual distraction (slow, steady stretching) of the bone, allowing new bone tissue to grow in the gap created by the distraction. The Ilizarov technique can be used to treat various conditions such as limb length discrepancies, bone deformities, and nonunions (failed healing of a fracture). It is named after its developer, Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov, a Soviet orthopedic surgeon.

Hallux limitus is a degenerative condition that affects the joint at the base of the big toe, also known as the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. It is characterized by stiffness and limited range of motion in the big toe, which can make it difficult to walk or participate in activities that require pushing off with the toes.

In hallux limitus, the cartilage in the MTP joint gradually wears away, leading to bone-on-bone contact and the formation of bone spurs. This can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joint. The condition is often caused by structural abnormalities, such as a long or elevated first metatarsal bone, or biomechanical issues that put excessive pressure on the MTP joint.

Hallux limitus can be treated with conservative measures such as shoe modifications, orthotics, physical therapy, and pain-relieving medications. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve symptoms and restore mobility to the joint.

Acquired joint deformities refer to structural changes in the alignment and shape of a joint that develop after birth, due to various causes such as injury, disease, or wear and tear. These deformities can affect the function and mobility of the joint, causing pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion. Examples of conditions that can lead to acquired joint deformities include arthritis, infection, trauma, and nerve damage. Treatment may involve medication, physical therapy, or surgery to correct the deformity and alleviate symptoms.

Congenital hand deformities refer to physical abnormalities or malformations of the hand, wrist, and/or digits (fingers) that are present at birth. These deformities can result from genetic factors, environmental influences during pregnancy, or a combination of both. They may affect the bones, muscles, tendons, joints, and other structures in the hand, leading to varying degrees of impairment in function and appearance.

There are numerous types of congenital hand deformities, some of which include:

1. Polydactyly: The presence of extra digits on the hand, which can be fully formed or rudimentary.
2. Syndactyly: Webbing or fusion of two or more fingers, which may involve soft tissue only or bone as well.
3. Clinodactyly: A curved finger due to a sideways deviation of the fingertip, often affecting the little finger.
4. Camptodactyly: Permanent flexion or bending of one or more fingers, typically involving the proximal interphalangeal joint.
5. Trigger Finger/Thumb: A condition where a finger or thumb becomes locked in a bent position due to thickening and narrowing of the tendon sheath.
6. Radial Club Hand (Radial Ray Deficiency): Underdevelopment or absence of the radius bone, resulting in a short, curved forearm and hand deformity.
7. Ulnar Club Hand (Ulnar Ray Deficiency): Underdevelopment or absence of the ulna bone, leading to a short, curved forearm and hand deformity.
8. Cleidocranial Dysplasia: A genetic disorder affecting bone growth, resulting in underdeveloped or absent collarbones, dental abnormalities, and occasionally hand deformities.
9. Apert Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the fusion of fingers and toes (syndactyly) and other skeletal abnormalities.
10. Holt-Oram Syndrome: A genetic disorder involving heart defects and upper limb deformities, such as radial ray deficiency or thumb anomalies.

Treatment for hand deformities varies depending on the specific condition and severity. Options may include physical therapy, bracing, splinting, medications, or surgical intervention.

The subtalar joint is a joint in the foot that is located between the talus and calcaneus (heel) bones. It is called a "joint" because it allows for movement, specifically inversion and eversion, which are the movements that allow the foot to roll inward or outward. The subtalar joint plays an essential role in the biomechanics of the foot and ankle, helping to absorb shock during walking and running, and contributing to the stability of the foot during standing and walking. Issues with the subtalar joint can lead to various foot and ankle problems, such as flatfoot or chronic ankle instability.

A foot ulcer is a wound or sore on the foot that occurs most commonly in people with diabetes, but can also affect other individuals with poor circulation or nerve damage. These ulcers can be challenging to heal and are prone to infection, making it essential for individuals with foot ulcers to seek medical attention promptly.

Foot ulcers typically develop due to prolonged pressure on bony prominences of the foot, leading to breakdown of the skin and underlying tissues. The development of foot ulcers can be attributed to several factors, including:

1. Neuropathy (nerve damage): This condition causes a loss of sensation in the feet, making it difficult for individuals to feel pain or discomfort associated with pressure points, leading to the formation of ulcers.
2. Peripheral artery disease (PAD): Reduced blood flow to the lower extremities can impair wound healing and make the body more susceptible to infection.
3. Deformities: Structural foot abnormalities, such as bunions or hammertoes, can cause increased pressure on specific areas of the foot, increasing the risk of ulcer formation.
4. Poorly fitting shoes: Shoes that are too tight, narrow, or ill-fitting can create friction and pressure points, contributing to the development of foot ulcers.
5. Trauma: Injuries or trauma to the feet can lead to the formation of ulcers, particularly in individuals with neuropathy who may not feel the initial pain associated with the injury.
6. Foot care neglect: Failure to inspect and care for the feet regularly can result in undetected wounds or sores that progress into ulcers.

Foot ulcers are classified based on their depth, severity, and extent of tissue involvement. Proper assessment, treatment, and prevention strategies are crucial in managing foot ulcers and minimizing the risk of complications such as infection, gangrene, and amputation.

The metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the foot that connect the tarsal bones in the hindfoot to the phalanges in the forefoot. They are located between the tarsal and phalangeal bones and are responsible for forming the arch of the foot and transmitting weight-bearing forces during walking and running. The metatarsal bones are numbered 1 to 5, with the first metatarsal being the shortest and thickest, and the fifth metatarsal being the longest and thinnest. Each metatarsal bone has a base, shaft, and head, and they articulate with each other and with the surrounding bones through joints. Any injury or disorder affecting the metatarsal bones can cause pain and difficulty in walking or standing.

A tendon transfer is a surgical procedure where a healthy tendon is moved to rebalance or reinforce a muscle that has become weak or paralyzed due to injury, disease, or nerve damage. The transferred tendon attaches to the bone in a new position, allowing it to power a different movement or stabilize a joint. This procedure helps restore function and improve mobility in the affected area.

The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone in the human foot, and it is commonly known as the heel bone. It articulates with the cuboid bone anteriorly, the talus bone superiorly, and several tendons and ligaments that help to form the posterior portion of the foot's skeletal structure. The calcaneus plays a crucial role in weight-bearing and movement, as it forms the lower part of the leg's ankle joint and helps to absorb shock during walking or running.

Osteogenesis, distraction refers to a surgical procedure and controlled rehabilitation process used in orthopedic surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and neurosurgery to lengthen bones or correct bone deformities. The term "osteogenesis" means bone formation, while "distraction" refers to the gradual separation of bone segments.

In this procedure, a surgeon first cuts the bone (osteotomy) and then applies an external or internal distraction device that slowly moves apart the cut ends of the bone. Over time, new bone forms in the gap between the separated bone segments through a process called distraction osteogenesis. This results in increased bone length or correction of deformities.

Distraction osteogenesis is often used to treat various conditions such as limb length discrepancies, craniofacial deformities, and spinal deformities. The procedure requires careful planning, precise surgical technique, and close postoperative management to ensure optimal outcomes.

Osteotomy is a surgical procedure in which a bone is cut to shorten, lengthen, or change its alignment. It is often performed to correct deformities or to realign bones that have been damaged by trauma or disease. The bone may be cut straight across (transverse osteotomy) or at an angle (oblique osteotomy). After the bone is cut, it can be realigned and held in place with pins, plates, or screws until it heals. This procedure is commonly performed on bones in the leg, such as the femur or tibia, but can also be done on other bones in the body.

Acquired hand deformities refer to structural changes in the hand or fingers that occur after birth, as a result of injury, illness, or other external factors. These deformities can affect any part of the hand, including the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. Common causes of acquired hand deformities include trauma, infection, degenerative diseases such as arthritis, tumors, and neurological conditions.

The symptoms of acquired hand deformities can vary depending on the severity and location of the deformity. They may include pain, stiffness, swelling, decreased range of motion, loss of function, and changes in appearance. Treatment for acquired hand deformities may involve a combination of medical interventions, such as medication, physical therapy, or splinting, as well as surgical procedures to correct the underlying structural problem. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, improve function, and restore normal appearance and movement to the hand.

Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD) is a condition that affects the posterior tibial tendon, which runs along the inside of the ankle and helps to support the arch of the foot. In PTTD, the tendon becomes inflamed, stretched or torn, leading to instability and sometimes flatfoot deformity.

The medical definition of PTTD is:

A progressive degenerative condition of the posterior tibial tendon, resulting in loss of its function as a stabilizer and support for the arch of the foot. This can lead to acquired flatfoot deformity, characterized by pain, swelling, and weakness along the inside of the ankle and foot. In advanced stages, the condition may cause difficulty walking or standing for prolonged periods, and may require surgical intervention.

Orthotic devices are custom-made or prefabricated appliances designed to align, support, prevent deformity, or improve the function of movable body parts. They are frequently used in the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders, such as foot and ankle conditions, knee problems, spinal alignment issues, and hand or wrist ailments. These devices can be adjustable or non-adjustable and are typically made from materials like plastic, metal, leather, or fabric. They work by redistributing forces across joints, correcting alignment, preventing unwanted movements, or accommodating existing deformities. Examples of orthotic devices include ankle-foot orthoses, knee braces, back braces, wrist splints, and custom-made foot insoles.

Diabetic neuropathies refer to a group of nerve disorders that are caused by diabetes. High blood sugar levels can injure nerves throughout the body, but diabetic neuropathies most commonly affect the nerves in the legs and feet.

There are four main types of diabetic neuropathies:

1. Peripheral neuropathy: This is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy. It affects the nerves in the legs and feet, causing symptoms such as numbness, tingling, burning, or shooting pain.
2. Autonomic neuropathy: This type of neuropathy affects the autonomic nerves, which control involuntary functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and bladder function. Symptoms may include dizziness, fainting, digestive problems, sexual dysfunction, and difficulty regulating body temperature.
3. Proximal neuropathy: Also known as diabetic amyotrophy, this type of neuropathy affects the nerves in the hips, thighs, or buttocks, causing weakness, pain, and difficulty walking.
4. Focal neuropathy: This type of neuropathy affects a single nerve or group of nerves, causing symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or pain in the affected area. Focal neuropathies can occur anywhere in the body, but they are most common in the head, torso, and legs.

The risk of developing diabetic neuropathies increases with the duration of diabetes and poor blood sugar control. Other factors that may contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathies include genetics, age, smoking, and alcohol consumption.

Acquired nose deformities refer to structural changes or abnormalities in the shape of the nose that occur after birth, as opposed to congenital deformities which are present at birth. These deformities can result from various factors such as trauma, injury, infection, tumors, or surgical procedures. Depending on the severity and cause of the deformity, it may affect both the aesthetic appearance and functionality of the nose, potentially causing difficulty in breathing, sinus problems, or sleep apnea. Treatment options for acquired nose deformities may include minimally invasive procedures, such as fillers or laser surgery, or more extensive surgical interventions, such as rhinoplasty or septoplasty, to restore both form and function to the nose.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of inherited disorders that cause nerve damage, primarily affecting the peripheral nerves. These are the nerves that transmit signals between the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. CMT affects both motor and sensory nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, as well as numbness or tingling in the hands and feet.

The disease is named after the three physicians who first described it: Jean-Martin Charcot, Pierre Marie, and Howard Henry Tooth. CMT is characterized by its progressive nature, meaning symptoms typically worsen over time, although the rate of progression can vary significantly among individuals.

There are several types of CMT, classified based on their genetic causes and patterns of inheritance. The two most common forms are CMT1 and CMT2:

1. CMT1: This form is caused by mutations in the genes responsible for the myelin sheath, which insulates peripheral nerves and allows for efficient signal transmission. As a result, demyelination occurs, slowing down nerve impulses and causing muscle weakness, particularly in the lower limbs. Symptoms usually begin in childhood or adolescence and include foot drop, high arches, and hammertoes.
2. CMT2: This form is caused by mutations in the genes responsible for the axons, the nerve fibers that transmit signals within peripheral nerves. As a result, axonal degeneration occurs, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. Symptoms usually begin in early adulthood and progress more slowly than CMT1. They primarily affect the lower limbs but can also involve the hands and arms.

Diagnosis of CMT typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, family history, nerve conduction studies, and genetic testing. While there is no cure for CMT, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and maintaining mobility and function through physical therapy, bracing, orthopedic surgery, and pain management.

Foot injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the various structures of the foot, including the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and nerves. These injuries can result from various causes such as accidents, sports activities, falls, or repetitive stress. Common types of foot injuries include fractures, sprains, strains, contusions, dislocations, and overuse injuries like plantar fasciitis or Achilles tendonitis. Symptoms may vary depending on the type and severity of the injury but often include pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty walking, and reduced range of motion. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure optimal healing and prevent long-term complications.

Spinal curvatures refer to the normal or abnormal curvature patterns of the spine as viewed from the side. The human spine has four distinct curves that form an "S" shape when viewed from the side: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral. These natural curves provide strength, flexibility, and balance to the spine, allowing us to stand upright, maintain proper posture, and absorb shock during movement.

Abnormal spinal curvatures are often referred to as spinal deformities and can be classified into two main categories: hyperkyphosis (increased kyphosis) and hyperlordosis (increased lordosis). Examples of such conditions include:

1. Kyphosis: An excessive curvature in the thoracic or sacral regions, leading to a hunchback or rounded appearance. Mild kyphosis is common and usually not problematic, but severe cases can cause pain, breathing difficulties, and neurological issues.
2. Lordosis: An abnormal increase in the curvature of the lumbar or cervical spine, resulting in an exaggerated swayback posture. This can lead to lower back pain, muscle strain, and difficulty maintaining proper balance.
3. Scoliosis: A lateral (side-to-side) spinal curvature that causes the spine to twist and rotate, forming a C or S shape when viewed from behind. Most scoliosis cases are idiopathic (of unknown cause), but they can also be congenital (present at birth) or secondary to other medical conditions.

These abnormal spinal curvatures may require medical intervention, such as physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, depending on the severity and progression of the condition.

Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, which most often occurs in the thoracic or lumbar regions. The curvature can be "C" or "S" shaped and may also include rotation of the vertebrae. Mild scoliosis doesn't typically cause problems, but severe cases can interfere with breathing and other bodily functions.

The exact cause of most scoliosis is unknown, but it may be related to genetic factors. It often develops in the pre-teen or teenage years, particularly in girls, and is more commonly found in individuals with certain neuromuscular disorders such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy.

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the curve, its location, and the age and expected growth of the individual. Mild cases may only require regular monitoring to ensure the curve doesn't worsen. More severe cases may require bracing or surgery to correct the curvature and prevent it from getting worse.

'Foot bones,' also known as the tarsal and metatarsal bones, are the 26 bones that make up the foot in humans. The foot is divided into three parts: the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot.

The hindfoot contains two bones: the talus, which connects to the leg bone (tibia), and the calcaneus (heel bone). These bones form the ankle joint and heel.

The midfoot is made up of five irregularly shaped bones called the navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones. These bones help form the arch of the foot and connect the hindfoot to the forefoot.

The forefoot contains the metatarsals (five long bones) and the phalanges (14 small bones). The metatarsals connect the midfoot to the toes, while the phalanges make up the toes themselves.

These bones work together to provide stability, support, and movement for the foot, allowing us to walk, run, and jump.

Congenital Lower Extremity Deformities refer to abnormal structures or development in the lower limbs (including thighs, legs, and feet) that are present at birth. These deformities can vary greatly in severity, from mild differences in shape or position to severe defects that significantly limit mobility or function.

Congenital lower extremity deformities can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences during pregnancy, or a combination of both. Some common examples include:

1. Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot): A deformity where the foot is turned inward and downward at birth.
2. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): A condition where the hip joint does not form properly, leading to instability or dislocation.
3. Congenital Femoral Deficiency: A rare condition where there is a deficiency or absence of the femur (thigh bone) or abnormal development of the hip joint.
4. Fibular Hemimelia: A congenital absence or shortening of the fibula bone, which can lead to foot and ankle deformities.
5. Tibial Hemimelia: A rare condition where there is a partial or complete absence of the tibia bone, leading to significant leg length discrepancies and joint instability.

Treatment for congenital lower extremity deformities can range from non-surgical interventions such as bracing, casting, or physical therapy to surgical procedures aimed at correcting the deformity and improving function.

Kyphosis is a medical term used to describe an excessive curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane, leading to a rounded or humped back appearance. This condition often affects the thoracic region of the spine and can result from various factors such as age-related degenerative changes, congenital disorders, Scheuermann's disease, osteoporosis, or traumatic injuries. Mild kyphosis may not cause any significant symptoms; however, severe cases can lead to pain, respiratory difficulties, and decreased quality of life. Treatment options typically include physical therapy, bracing, and, in some cases, surgical intervention.

"Foot joints" is a general term that refers to the various articulations or connections between the bones in the foot. There are several joints in the foot, including:

1. The ankle joint (tibiotalar joint): This is the joint between the tibia and fibula bones of the lower leg and the talus bone of the foot.
2. The subtalar joint (talocalcaneal joint): This is the joint between the talus bone and the calcaneus (heel) bone.
3. The calcaneocuboid joint: This is the joint between the calcaneus bone and the cuboid bone, which is one of the bones in the midfoot.
4. The tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfranc joint): These are the joints that connect the tarsal bones in the midfoot to the metatarsal bones in the forefoot.
5. The metatarsophalangeal joints: These are the joints between the metatarsal bones and the phalanges (toes) in the forefoot.
6. The interphalangeal joints: These are the joints between the phalanges within each toe.

Each of these foot joints plays a specific role in supporting the foot, absorbing shock, and allowing for movement and flexibility during walking and other activities.

The spine, also known as the vertebral column, is a complex structure in the human body that is part of the axial skeleton. It is composed of 33 individual vertebrae (except in some people where there are fewer due to fusion of certain vertebrae), intervertebral discs, facet joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves.

The spine has several important functions:

1. Protection: The spine protects the spinal cord, which is a major component of the nervous system, by enclosing it within a bony canal.
2. Support: The spine supports the head and upper body, allowing us to maintain an upright posture and facilitating movement of the trunk and head.
3. Movement: The spine enables various movements such as flexion (bending forward), extension (bending backward), lateral flexion (bending sideways), and rotation (twisting).
4. Weight-bearing: The spine helps distribute weight and pressure evenly across the body, reducing stress on individual vertebrae and other structures.
5. Blood vessel and nerve protection: The spine protects vital blood vessels and nerves that pass through it, including the aorta, vena cava, and spinal nerves.

The spine is divided into five regions: cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), sacrum (5 fused vertebrae), and coccyx (4 fused vertebrae, also known as the tailbone). Each region has unique characteristics that allow for specific functions and adaptations to the body's needs.

Hallux Valgus is a medical condition that affects the foot, specifically the big toe joint. It is characterized by the deviation of the big toe (hallux) towards the second toe, resulting in a prominent bump on the inner side of the foot at the base of the big toe. This bump is actually the metatarsal head of the first bone in the foot that becomes exposed due to the angulation.

The deformity can lead to pain, stiffness, and difficulty wearing shoes. In severe cases, it can also cause secondary arthritis in the joint. Hallux Valgus is more common in women than men and can be caused by genetic factors, foot shape, or ill-fitting shoes that put pressure on the big toe joint.

Bone lengthening is a surgical procedure that involves cutting and then gradually stretching the bone apart, allowing new bone to grow in its place. This process is also known as distraction osteogenesis. The goal of bone lengthening is to increase the length of a bone, either to improve function or to correct a deformity.

The procedure typically involves making an incision in the skin over the bone and using specialized tools to cut through the bone. Once the bone is cut, a device called an external fixator is attached to the bone on either side of the cut. The external fixator is then gradually adjusted over time to slowly stretch the bone apart, creating a gap between the two ends of the bone. As the bone is stretched, new bone tissue begins to grow in the space between the two ends, eventually filling in the gap and lengthening the bone.

Bone lengthening can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including limb length discrepancies, congenital deformities, and injuries that result in bone loss. It is typically performed by an orthopedic surgeon and may require several months of follow-up care to ensure proper healing and growth of the new bone tissue.

'Leg length inequality' (LLIS) is a condition where there is a discrepancy in the lengths of an individual's lower extremities, specifically the bones of the thigh (femur) and/or the leg (tibia/fibula). This discrepancy can be congenital or acquired due to various causes such as fractures, infections, or surgical procedures. The inequality can lead to functional scoliosis, lower back pain, and other musculoskeletal issues. It is typically diagnosed through physical examination and imaging studies like X-rays, and may be treated with various methods including orthotics, shoe lifts, or in some cases, surgical intervention.

Congenital limb deformities refer to abnormalities in the structure, position, or function of the arms or legs that are present at birth. These deformities can vary greatly in severity and may affect any part of the limb, including the bones, muscles, joints, and nerves.

Congenital limb deformities can be caused by genetic factors, exposure to certain medications or chemicals during pregnancy, or other environmental factors. Some common types of congenital limb deformities include:

1. Clubfoot: A condition in which the foot is twisted out of shape, making it difficult to walk normally.
2. Polydactyly: A condition in which a person is born with extra fingers or toes.
3. Radial clubhand: A rare condition in which the radius bone in the forearm is missing or underdeveloped, causing the hand to turn inward and the wrist to bend.
4. Amniotic band syndrome: A condition in which strands of the amniotic sac wrap around a developing limb, restricting its growth and leading to deformities.
5. Agenesis: A condition in which a limb or part of a limb is missing at birth.

Treatment for congenital limb deformities may include surgery, bracing, physical therapy, or other interventions depending on the severity and nature of the deformity. In some cases, early intervention and treatment can help to improve function and reduce the impact of the deformity on a person's daily life.

Developmental bone diseases are a group of medical conditions that affect the growth and development of bones. These diseases are present at birth or develop during childhood and adolescence, when bones are growing rapidly. They can result from genetic mutations, hormonal imbalances, or environmental factors such as poor nutrition.

Some examples of developmental bone diseases include:

1. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI): Also known as brittle bone disease, OI is a genetic disorder that affects the body's production of collagen, a protein necessary for healthy bones. People with OI have fragile bones that break easily and may also experience other symptoms such as blue sclerae (whites of the eyes), hearing loss, and joint laxity.
2. Achondroplasia: This is the most common form of dwarfism, caused by a genetic mutation that affects bone growth. People with achondroplasia have short limbs and a large head relative to their body size.
3. Rickets: A condition caused by vitamin D deficiency or an inability to absorb or use vitamin D properly. This leads to weak, soft bones that can bow or bend easily, particularly in children.
4. Fibrous dysplasia: A rare bone disorder where normal bone is replaced with fibrous tissue, leading to weakened bones and deformities.
5. Scoliosis: An abnormal curvature of the spine that can develop during childhood or adolescence. While not strictly a developmental bone disease, scoliosis can be caused by various underlying conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spina bifida.

Treatment for developmental bone diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment may include medication, physical therapy, bracing, or surgery to correct deformities and improve function. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor growth, manage symptoms, and prevent complications.

The thoracic vertebrae are the 12 vertebrae in the thoracic region of the spine, which is the portion between the cervical and lumbar regions. These vertebrae are numbered T1 to T12, with T1 being closest to the skull and T12 connecting to the lumbar region.

The main function of the thoracic vertebrae is to provide stability and support for the chest region, including protection for the vital organs within, such as the heart and lungs. Each thoracic vertebra has costal facets on its sides, which articulate with the heads of the ribs, forming the costovertebral joints. This connection between the spine and the ribcage allows for a range of movements while maintaining stability.

The thoracic vertebrae have a unique structure compared to other regions of the spine. They are characterized by having long, narrow bodies, small bony processes, and prominent spinous processes that point downwards. This particular shape and orientation of the thoracic vertebrae contribute to their role in limiting excessive spinal movement and providing overall trunk stability.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "shoes" are not a medical term. Shoes are items of footwear intended to protect and comfort the feet. They typically have a durable sole that provides protection from sharp objects, hot surfaces, and the effects of moisture. The upper part of a shoe can be made from various materials such as leather, plastic, or textiles, and is designed to provide coverage and support for the foot.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help!

Orthopedic procedures are surgical or nonsurgical methods used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, including injuries, deformities, or diseases of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. These procedures can range from simple splinting or casting to complex surgeries such as joint replacements, spinal fusions, or osteotomies (cutting and repositioning bones). The primary goal of orthopedic procedures is to restore function, reduce pain, and improve the quality of life for patients.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a mild, contagious viral infection common in infants and children but can sometimes occur in adults. The disease is often caused by coxsackievirus A16 or enterovirus 71.

The name "hand, foot and mouth" comes from the fact that blister-like sores usually appear in the mouth (and occasionally on the buttocks and legs) along with a rash on the hands and feet. The disease is not related to foot-and-mouth disease (also called hoof-and-mouth disease), which affects cattle, sheep, and swine.

HFMD is spread through close personal contact, such as hugging and kissing, or through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread by touching objects and surfaces that have the virus on them and then touching the face. People with HFMD are most contagious during the first week of their illness but can still be contagious for weeks after symptoms go away.

There is no specific treatment for HFMD, and it usually resolves on its own within 7-10 days. However, over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers may help alleviate symptoms. It's important to encourage good hygiene practices, such as handwashing and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, to prevent the spread of HFMD.

Acquired ear deformities refer to abnormal shapes or structures of the ear that result from injury, infection, inflammation, or other external factors after birth. These deformities can affect the appearance and function of the ear, causing symptoms such as hearing loss or discomfort. Examples of acquired ear deformities include:

1. Cauliflower ear: a condition characterized by swelling, thickening, and distortion of the ear caused by repeated trauma or injury to the ear cartilage.
2. Microtia: a congenital ear abnormality that can become worse over time due to infection, inflammation, or trauma, resulting in an underdeveloped or absent ear.
3. Macrotia: an abnormally large ear that may result from injury or other external factors.
4. Stenosis: a narrowing of the ear canal that can result from chronic inflammation, infection, or scarring.
5. Hematoma: a collection of blood in the ear tissue caused by trauma or injury, which can lead to deformity if not treated promptly.
6. Keloids: overgrowths of scar tissue that can form after injury or surgery and distort the shape of the ear.

Treatment for acquired ear deformities may include surgical reconstruction, splinting, or other interventions depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.

Foot dermatoses refer to various skin conditions that affect the feet. These can include inflammatory conditions like eczema and psoriasis, infectious diseases such as athlete's foot (tinea pedis), fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections (like plantar warts caused by HPV), and autoimmune blistering disorders. Additionally, contact dermatitis from irritants or allergens can also affect the feet. Proper diagnosis is essential to determine the best course of treatment for each specific condition.

The metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is the joint in the foot where the metatarsal bones of the foot (the long bones behind the toes) connect with the proximal phalanges of the toes. It's a synovial joint, which means it's surrounded by a capsule containing synovial fluid to allow for smooth movement. The MTP joint is responsible for allowing the flexion and extension movements of the toes, and is important for maintaining balance and pushing off during walking and running. Issues with the MTP joint can lead to conditions such as hallux valgus (bunions) or hammertoe.

Surgical casts are medical devices used to immobilize and protect injured body parts, typically fractured or broken bones, during the healing process. They are usually made of plaster or fiberglass materials that harden when wet and conform to the shape of the affected area once applied. The purpose of a surgical cast is to restrict movement and provide stability to the injured site, allowing for proper alignment and healing of the bones.

The casting process involves first aligning the broken bone fragments into their correct positions, often through manual manipulation or surgical intervention. Once aligned, the cast material is applied in layers, with each layer being allowed to dry before adding the next. This creates a rigid structure that encases and supports the injured area. The cast must be kept dry during the healing process to prevent it from becoming weakened or damaged.

Surgical casts come in various shapes and sizes depending on the location and severity of the injury. They may also include additional components such as padding, Velcro straps, or window openings to allow for regular monitoring of the skin and underlying tissue. In some cases, removable splints or functional braces may be used instead of traditional casts, providing similar support while allowing for limited movement and easier adjustments.

It is essential to follow proper care instructions when wearing a surgical cast, including elevating the injured limb, avoiding excessive weight-bearing, and monitoring for signs of complications such as swelling, numbness, or infection. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are necessary to ensure proper healing and adjust the cast if needed.

A contracture, in a medical context, refers to the abnormal shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, which can result in limited mobility and deformity of joints. This condition can occur due to various reasons such as injury, prolonged immobilization, scarring, neurological disorders, or genetic conditions.

Contractures can cause significant impairment in daily activities and quality of life, making it difficult for individuals to perform routine tasks like dressing, bathing, or walking. Treatment options may include physical therapy, splinting, casting, medications, surgery, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the contracture.

In medical terms, ribs are the long, curved bones that make up the ribcage in the human body. They articulate with the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly and connect to the sternum anteriorly via costal cartilages. There are 12 pairs of ribs in total, and they play a crucial role in protecting the lungs and heart, allowing room for expansion and contraction during breathing. Ribs also provide attachment points for various muscles involved in respiration and posture.

Pectus Excavatum, commonly referred to as "Funnel Chest," is a congenital deformity of the chest wall where the sternum (breastbone) and rib cartilages grow inward, creating a sunken or caved-in appearance of the chest. This condition can vary in severity, from mild to severe, and may affect one's appearance, breathing, and overall health. In some cases, surgical intervention might be required to correct the deformity and improve related symptoms.

Musculoskeletal abnormalities refer to structural and functional disorders that affect the musculoskeletal system, which includes the bones, muscles, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other related tissues. These abnormalities can result from genetic factors, trauma, overuse, degenerative processes, infections, or tumors. They may cause pain, stiffness, limited mobility, deformity, weakness, and susceptibility to injuries. Examples of musculoskeletal abnormalities include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, fractures, dislocations, tendinitis, bursitis, myopathies, and various congenital conditions.

Articular Range of Motion (AROM) is a term used in physiotherapy and orthopedics to describe the amount of movement available in a joint, measured in degrees of a circle. It refers to the range through which synovial joints can actively move without causing pain or injury. AROM is assessed by measuring the degree of motion achieved by active muscle contraction, as opposed to passive range of motion (PROM), where the movement is generated by an external force.

Assessment of AROM is important in evaluating a patient's functional ability and progress, planning treatment interventions, and determining return to normal activities or sports participation. It is also used to identify any restrictions in joint mobility that may be due to injury, disease, or surgery, and to monitor the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.

An external fixator is a type of orthopedic device used in the treatment of severe fractures or deformities of bones. It consists of an external frame that is attached to the bone with pins or wires that pass through the skin and into the bone. This provides stability to the injured area while allowing for alignment and adjustment of the bone during the healing process.

External fixators are typically used in cases where traditional casting or internal fixation methods are not feasible, such as when there is extensive soft tissue damage, infection, or when a limb needs to be gradually stretched or shortened. They can also be used in reconstructive surgery for bone defects or deformities.

The external frame of the fixator is made up of bars and clamps that are adjustable, allowing for precise positioning and alignment of the bones. The pins or wires that attach to the bone are carefully inserted through small incisions in the skin, and are held in place by the clamps on the frame.

External fixators can be used for a period of several weeks to several months, depending on the severity of the injury and the individual's healing process. During this time, the patient may require regular adjustments and monitoring by an orthopedic surgeon or other medical professional. Once the bone has healed sufficiently, the external fixator can be removed in a follow-up procedure.

"Genu valgum," also known as "knock-knee," is a condition where there is an excessive angle between the thighbone (femur) and the shinbone (tibia), causing the knees to touch or come close together while the ankles remain separated when standing with the feet and knees together. This abnormal alignment can lead to difficulty walking, running, and participating in certain activities, as well as potential long-term complications such as joint pain and osteoarthritis if not properly addressed. Genu valgum is typically diagnosed through physical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays, and treatment may include observation, physical therapy, bracing, or surgery depending on the severity of the condition and the individual's age and overall health.

A splint is a device used to support, protect, and immobilize injured body parts, such as bones, joints, or muscles. It can be made from various materials like plastic, metal, or fiberglass. Splints are often used to keep the injured area in a stable position, reducing pain, swelling, and further damage while the injury heals. They come in different shapes and sizes, tailored to fit specific body parts and injuries. A splint can be adjustable or custom-made, depending on the patient's needs. It is essential to follow healthcare professionals' instructions for using and caring for a splint to ensure proper healing and prevent complications.

The tibia, also known as the shin bone, is the larger of the two bones in the lower leg and part of the knee joint. It supports most of the body's weight and is a major insertion point for muscles that flex the foot and bend the leg. The tibia articulates with the femur at the knee joint and with the fibula and talus bone at the ankle joint. Injuries to the tibia, such as fractures, are common in sports and other activities that put stress on the lower leg.

The ankle joint, also known as the talocrural joint, is the articulation between the bones of the lower leg (tibia and fibula) and the talus bone in the foot. It is a synovial hinge joint that allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements, which are essential for walking, running, and jumping. The ankle joint is reinforced by strong ligaments on both sides to provide stability during these movements.

Pronation is a term used in the medical field, particularly in the study of human biomechanics and orthopedics. It refers to the normal motion that occurs in the subtalar joint of the foot, which allows the foot to adapt to various surfaces and absorb shock during walking or running.

During pronation, the arch of the foot collapses, and the heel rolls inward, causing the forefoot to rotate outward. This motion helps distribute the forces of impact evenly across the foot and lower limb, reducing stress on individual structures and providing stability during weight-bearing activities.

However, excessive pronation can lead to biomechanical issues and increase the risk of injuries such as plantar fasciitis, shin splints, and knee pain. Proper assessment and management of foot mechanics, including orthotics or physical therapy interventions, may be necessary to address excessive pronation and related conditions.

Malunited fractures refer to a type of fracture where the bones do not heal in their proper alignment or position. This can occur due to various reasons such as inadequate reduction of the fracture fragments during initial treatment, improper casting or immobilization, or failure of the patient to follow proper immobilization instructions. Malunited fractures can result in deformity, limited range of motion, and decreased functionality of the affected limb. Additional treatments such as surgery may be required to correct the malunion and restore normal function.

Tuberculosis (TB) of the spine, also known as Pott's disease, is a specific form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that involves the vertebral column. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which primarily affects the lungs but can spread through the bloodstream to other parts of the body, including the spine.

In Pott's disease, the infection leads to the destruction of the spongy bone (vertebral body) and the intervertebral disc space, resulting in vertebral collapse, kyphosis (hunchback deformity), and potential neurological complications due to spinal cord compression. Common symptoms include back pain, stiffness, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Early diagnosis and treatment with a multidrug antibiotic regimen are crucial to prevent long-term disability and further spread of the infection.

"Hallux" is a medical term that refers to the big toe or great toe, which is the first digit of the human foot. It is derived from Latin, where "hallus" means "big toe." In some contexts, specific pathologies or conditions related to the big toe may also be referred to as hallux issues, such as hallux valgus (a common foot deformity where the big toe drifts toward the second toe) or hallux rigidus (a form of degenerative arthritis that affects the big toe joint).

Orthopedic fixation devices are medical implants used in orthopedic surgery to provide stability and promote the healing of fractured or broken bones, as well as joints or spinal segments. These devices can be internal or external and include a variety of products such as:

1. Intramedullary nails: Long rods that are inserted into the center of a bone to stabilize fractures in long bones like the femur or tibia.
2. Plates and screws: Metal plates are attached to the surface of a bone with screws to hold the fragments together while they heal.
3. Screws: Used alone or in combination with other devices, they can be used to stabilize small fractures or to fix implants like total joint replacements.
4. Wires: Used to hold bone fragments together, often in conjunction with other devices.
5. External fixators: A external frame attached to the bones using pins or wires that is placed outside the skin to provide stability and alignment of fractured bones.
6. Spinal fixation devices: These include pedicle screws, rods, hooks, and plates used to stabilize spinal fractures or deformities.
7. Orthopedic staples: Small metal staples used to stabilize small bone fragments or for joint fusion.

The choice of orthopedic fixation device depends on the location and severity of the injury or condition being treated. The primary goal of these devices is to provide stability, promote healing, and restore function.

Arthrodesis is a surgical procedure to fuse together the bones of a joint, in order to restrict its movement and provide stability. This procedure is typically performed when a joint has been severely damaged by injury, arthritis, or other conditions, and non-surgical treatments have failed to relieve symptoms such as pain and instability.

During the surgery, the cartilage that normally cushions the ends of the bones is removed, and the bones are realigned and held in place with hardware such as plates, screws, or rods. Over time, the bones grow together, forming a solid fusion that restricts joint motion.

Arthrodesis can be performed on various joints throughout the body, including the spine, wrist, ankle, and knee. While this procedure can provide significant pain relief and improve function, it does limit the range of motion in the fused joint, which may impact mobility and daily activities. Therefore, arthrodesis is typically considered a last resort when other treatments have failed.

A foot deformity is a disorder of the foot that can be congenital or acquired. Such deformities can include hammer toe, club ... foot, flat feet, pes cavus, etc. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Congenital ...
... is a rare congenital malformation syndrome, where an individual has features such as ... "Hand and foot deformity with flat facies , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". ... About: Emery-Nelson syndrome "OMIM Entry - 139750 Hand and foot deformity with flat facies". omim.org. Retrieved 2021-09-02. ... deformities of the hands and feet, and an unusual facies". Journal of Medical Genetics. 7 (4): 379-382. doi:10.1136/jmg.7.4.379 ...
Alleviating painful or debilitating conditions of the lower limb; Accommodation of foot deformities; Re-alignment of anatomical ... Orthotist Health care providers Podiatrist Prosthetist Foot health practitioner in the United Kingdom American Board for ... congenital deformity, neural condition, or disease. A Certified Pedorthist - C.Ped., BOCPD or C.Ped (C) is a health ... who has specialized training to modify footwear and employ supportive devices to address conditions which affect the feet and ...
Its earliest known appearance is in John Joseph Nutt's 1913 book Diseases and Deformities of the Foot, where Nutt outlines the ... Diseases and Deformities of the Foot. E.B. Treat & Company. davis's law. Kynett, H.H.; Butler, S.W.; Brinton, D.G. (1862). ... Diseases and deformities of the foot. New York: E. B. Treat & Co.; 1915, pp. 157-158. (Out of copyright. Available as a pdf in ...
Normal and abnormal conditions, deformities of the foot, their cause and mechanical treatment. Special chapters on shoe fitting ... ISBN 978-3-95409-808-8. Scholl, William Mathias (1915). The human foot, anatomy, deformities and treatment; a volume containing ... Chicago, The Foot specialist publishing co. Kruijff, Schelto; van Det, Robert J.; van der Meer, Gretha T.; van den Berg, Inez C ... Anatomy, deformities and treatment. In 1960s the Scottish chiropodist Ross Fraser came up with the neologism orthonyxia and ...
Burns PR, Dunse A (July 2017). "Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis for Foot and Ankle Deformities". Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 34 (3): ... Asomugha EU, Den Hartog BD, Junko JT, Alexander IJ (March 2016). "Tibiotalocalcaneal Fusion for Severe Deformity and Bone Loss ... Shah KS, Younger AS (March 2011). "Primary tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis". Foot Ankle Clin. 16 (1): 115-36. doi:10.1016/j.fcl. ...
The most common foot deformity in arthrogryposis is club feet or talipes equinovarus. In the early years of life the serial ... Machida J, Inaba Y, Nakamura N (March 2017). "Management of foot deformity in children". Journal of Orthopaedic Science. 22 (2 ... Generally, foot surgery is usually reserved for patients with a walking or ambulatory potential. Foot surgery may also be ... There is often an appearance of increased skin at the base of the index finger that is part of the deformity. This tissue can ...
Surgical correction of hand and foot deformities may be necessary. Corneal surgery may help alleviate vision problems. Bone ... Patients may experience debilitating spine and hip deformities, carpal tunnel syndrome, and joint stiffness. Patients may be ...
It is hard to characterize the genetic basis of the symptoms of this syndrome, such as the split-foot deformity, due to the ... "Ulnar hypoplasia lobster claw deformity of feet". rarediseases.info.nih.gov/. Retrieved 2022-10-22. v t e (Articles with short ... While genes and chromosomal loci for other syndromes involving split-hand/split-foot deformities have been identified, specific ... "lobster-claw foot" and an "ulnar defect". The lobster-claw architecture of the foot is described as the I and V toes being the ...
Riad J, Coleman S, Henley J, Miller F (November 2007). "Reliability of pediobarographs for paediatric foot deformity". Journal ... Prabhu KG, Patil KM, Srinivasan S (May 2001). "Diabetic feet at risk: a new method of analysis of walking foot pressure images ... Parmar B (2009). "Assessment of Foot Drop Surgery in Leprosy Subjects Using Frequency Domain Analysis of Foot Pressure ... "Pediobarograph measurements can be used to monitor and quantitatively assess the progressive changes of foot deformity over ...
Arthritis and diabetes may also increase the risk of foot deformities. Hammertoes and clawtoes have multiple causes. Hammer toe ... This is often found in conjunction with bunions or other foot problems (e.g., a bunion can force the big toe to turn inward and ... Having the toes bent for long periods of time can cause the muscles in them to shorten, resulting in the hammer toe deformity. ... Toe deformities can also be caused by muscle, nerve, or joint damage, resulting from conditions such as osteoarthritis, ...
Orthopedic surgery address foot deformities, scoliosis, Achilles tendon contractures, and winged scapula. Winged scapula can be ...
These are structural deformities of the bones and the joint between the foot and big toe, and may be painful. Similar deformity ... Deformities of the foot can also be caused by rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Deformities may predispose to ulcers ... Deformities of the foot include hammer toe, trigger toe, and claw toe. Hammer toe can be described as an abnormal contraction ... Numerous other foot muscles contribute to fine motor control of the foot. The connective tendons between the minor toes account ...
An equinovalgus is a deformity of the human foot. It may be a flexible deformity or a fixed deformity. Equino- means ... This means that the patient is placing his/her weight on the medial border of the foot, and the arch of the foot is absent, ... and valgus means that the base of the heel is rotated away from the midline of the foot (eversion) and abduction of foot. ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Foot diseases, All stub articles, Musculoskeletal ...
Holland, C. T. (1918). Two cases of rare deformity of feet and hands. Archives of Radiology and Electrotherapy. 22(8), 234-239 ... Holland, C. T. (1899). Description of Plates: Plate LXIV.(b): Lupus of the Foot After Treatment: Treatment of Lupus by Roentgen ... 2(3535), 600-2. Holland, C. T. (1928). The accessory bones of the foot. The Robert Jones Birthday Volume, 157. Holland, C. T. ( ...
"Equinus Deformity at Foot Associates of Central Texas, LLC". 2009. Archived from the original on 2013-12-08. Retrieved 2013-12- ... One type of orthoses commonly used are an AFO (ankle-foot orthoses). Serial casting, where the leg is cast with the calf muscle ... This term also includes the inability to connect one's foot fully to the ground while in the standing phase of the walking ... Toe walking may also be one way of accommodating a separate condition, foot drop. Persistent toe walking in children has been ...
... congenital vertical talus is characterized by presence of a very rigid foot deformity. The foot deformity in congenital ... Mosca, Vincent (2014). Principles and management of pediatric foot and ankle deformities and malformations (first ed.). ... van Bosse, Harold Jacob Pieter (December 2015). "Syndromic Feet". Foot and Ankle Clinics. 20 (4): 619-644. doi:10.1016/j.fcl. ... It gets its name from the foot's resemblance to the bottom of a rocking chair. There are two subcategories of congenital ...
From birth, Byron had a deformity of his right foot. Although it has generally been referred to as a "club foot", some modern ... Byron's personality has been characterised as exceptionally proud and sensitive, especially when it came to his foot deformity ... Byron had been born with a deformed right foot; his mother once retaliated and, in a fit of temper, referred to him as "a lame ... "For Byron, his deformed foot became the crucial catastrophe of his life. He saw it as the mark of satanic connection, referring ...
All had serious disabilities, including missing or underdeveloped fingers and deformities of their feet. They alleged that ... The chief executive gave a statement that if a causal link between the toxins and the limb deformities was ever proven he would ... Gibb, Frances (16 February 2009). "Children seek compensation over Corby steelworks 'deformities'". The Times. London. ... and alleging that exposure to the toxic waste was the likely cause of the children's deformities. They also presented a report ...
Born with a foot deformity, he could not do heavy labor. After learning to play harmonica at an early age, he moved to Piedras ...
Club foot or club feet is a congenital or acquired deformity. Club foot may also refer to: The Clubfoot, painting by Jusepe de ... USA Club Foot (song), by Kasabian Club Foot Orchestra, avant garde musical group Club foot (furniture), a form of foot used in ... furniture design Klub Foot, London live music club This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Club foot ... Ribera, now at the Louvre Club Foot, music venue in Austin, Texas, ...
Patients can also have high arched feet, hammer toes, foot drop, foot deformities, and scoliosis. These symptoms are a result ... Since foot disorders are common with neuropathy, precautions must be taken to strengthen these muscles and use preventative ... care and physical therapy to prevent injury and deformities.[citation needed] Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy are ...
In 1859 he published a work, On Deformities of the Spine and on Club Foot. Epps married in 1833 Charlotte Bacon. Their daughter ... He was successful in treating spinal curvatures and deformities. Epps had a large practice to which he was devoted, never ...
In children, symptoms may include the "stigmata" mentioned above and/or foot and spinal deformities; weakness in the legs; low ... MRI generally give adequate analysis of the spinal cord deformities although it has some limitations in giving detailed bone ...
CMT is first most noticed when someone develops lower leg weakness, such as foot drop, or foot deformities, including ... "stork leg deformity". In most cases, ankle-foot orthoses that have functional elements for the foot lifting and adjustable ... Symptoms of CMT2D include foot deformity, muscle weakness and cramping, compromised reflexes, loss of sensation, and muscle ... Typically autosomal dominant inheritance pattern associated with scoliosis and foot deformities (high or flat arches). "CMT ...
Joseph was born club-footed with congenial deformity of both the legs. On hearing that many miracles have happened through the ... The miracle which Rome approved for the beatification of Kuriakose Chavara was the cure of the congenial deformity of the legs ...
Furthermore, foot deformity promotes skin changes such as hyperkeratosis at pressure points. These complications may ... Once infection occurs, these ulcerations can result in severe complications that lead to foot deformity, such as inflammation ... the treatment for foot ulcers and infections can follow the guidelines given for diabetic foot care which starts with early and ... Foot ulcerations may appear due to permanent pressure, such as long walks or badly fitting shoes. Minor wounds or blisters may ...
Associated clinical findings also include glaucoma, photosensitivity, heart block, foot deformities, and chronic psoriasiform ... and equinovarus foot deformities.[citation needed] Singleton, EB, Merten DF: An unusual syndrome of widened medullary cavities ...
Patients with foot deformities may benefit from corrective surgery, which, however, is usually a last resort. Most such ... and foot-bone deformities. They are usually first observed during infancy or early childhood, and slowly progress until about ... postural tremors and static tremor of the upper limbs and foot deformity. These symptoms frequently translate into delayed ... Proper foot care including custom-made shoes and leg braces may minimize discomfort and increase function. While no medicines ...
In the case of a rigid deformity serial casting can straighten the foot. Surgical Management: Most cases of metatarsus adductus ... when the feet bend inward from the middle part of the foot to the toes. This is the most common congenital foot abnormality, ... This can classify the deformity into "flexible", when the foot can be straightened by hand, or otherwise "nonflexible". Still, ... An imaginary line is drawn along the longitudinal axis of the thigh, and of the sole of the foot from a birds-eye view and the ...
He had one physical deformity. His left foot was twisted by birth. For that he would get special leather shoes prepared from ... One day bare-feet Qalandar came at his door and told him, "Need not worry. Very soon you will have a son. Give him the name ' ...
A foot deformity is a disorder of the foot that can be congenital or acquired. Such deformities can include hammer toe, club ... foot, flat feet, pes cavus, etc. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Congenital ...
Here you will find medical specialists in the field Foot deformities. All listed physicians are specialists in their field and ...
But I have 2 with a foot deformity the 2 outside toes dont want to... ... But I have 2 with a foot deformity the 2 outside toes dont want to flatten out. Is there anything I can do? Ive taped a ... chickens foot before could i do that with the Quail? There sooo tiny! Has anyone had any like this before? And treated ...
Queens Foot Deformity Specialists. Work with our podiatrists to treat or correct your foot deformity. ... A foot deformity is any condition that alters the shape or structure of your foot into one that is painful or uncomfortable. ... Clubfoot is a type of foot deformity that is present from birth and causes a babys foot to be twisted out of its normal ... Dont let your foot deformity continue to cause you discomfort or pain. Our podiatrists can help you find the relief you need ...
Keratoderma palmaris et plantaris with clubbing and skeletal deformity of the terminal phalanges of the hands and feet. Report ...
Abnormal hypersynchronization of body balance control system in children with post-burn foot deformity - PDF (Russian). ... deformity correction diagnosis elbow external fixation foot hip joint idiopathic scoliosis microsurgery rehabilitation ... deformity correction diagnosis elbow external fixation foot hip joint idiopathic scoliosis microsurgery rehabilitation ... Abnormal hypersynchronization of body balance control system in children with post-burn foot deformity , PDF ...
Flat Feet (Overpronation). Flat feet are a postural deformity. In this the arches of the foot collapse, with the entire sole of ... Club foot goal of treatment is to make baby foot function properly till the time baby is ready to stand on his own foot. ... Haglund`s Deformity. Haglund Deformity also known as "Mulholland deformity", "posterior calcaneal tuberosity", "pump bump" or " ... Caused of club foot is still under research.. Most over this problem is seen in boy baby, two of three club foot babies are boy ...
You should consult a doctor if you notice any changes in your feet or feel pain in that area. ... Treatment of foot deformities depends on the type of deformity and its cause. This may include the use of special insoles or ... The most common examples of foot deformities and diseases are:. *Flat feet (fallen arches) - a foot whose arch is so low that ... Treatment of foot deformities depends on the type of deformity and its cause. This may include the use of special insoles or ...
Toe deformities are oftentimes caused by a muscle imbalance in the foot. They are best treated in the early stages to avoid ... Because the ailment of flat feet means that the foot is longer than that of a foot with a normal arch, the flexor muscles ... Toe Deformities Some ailments of the feet are easily disguised and can go untreated for years. However, there are a few that ... For example, fairly common diseases of the foot are known as toe deformities. These ailments are oftentimes caused by a muscle ...
"Foot Deformities, Congenital" by people in this website by year, and whether "Foot Deformities, Congenital" was a major or ... "Foot Deformities, Congenital" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Foot Deformities, Congenital" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Foot Deformities, Congenital". ...
However in some feet, lesser toe deformities can occur on their own or after trauma. ... Lesser Toe Deformities Symptoms point out the changes in the shape of any of the four smaller toes of your foot. Get in touch ... Deformities of the lesser toes are frequently the secondary result of a bunion or deviated big toe. ... However, in some feet, lesser toe deformities can occur on their own or after trauma. Deformities can be varied and can result ...
VERTICAL TALUS DEFINITON - Rocker bottom foot vertical talus the foot has an appearance of rocker bottom deformity - ... Talipes , Talus - ankle , PES - foot, causes patient to walk on ankle. - Club foot : club like appearance. • Types (1) Osseus ... Congenital talipes equinovarus ( CTEV ) DEFINITION Congenital talipes equinovarus is most common Congenital foot disorder. - ... Complete oblitertion of longitudinal arch can be seen - Sole of the foot is convex downwards. ANATOMY - Talus is the secondary ...
But dont worry! Southern California Foot & Ankle provides effective, compassionate treatment for newborn foot deformities. ... Thats what youll find at Southern California Foot & Ankle Specialists, where pediatric and congenital foot care is a core ... Treatment for Newborn Toe Deformities: How and When?. Most newborn toe deformities are ultimately corrected surgically. (Non- ... Potential newborn toe deformities include:. *Curly toes. These are usually caused by short, tight tendons that pull the tips of ...
Foot and ankle specialists at Foot & Ankle Partners of El Paso, TX offer treatment for metatarsalgia. ... Metatarsalgia is a condition in which pain and inflammation are caused due to overuse or injury to the ball of the foot - the ... Pain in the ball of the foot, which feels like a deep bruise and worsens when you stand or walk, especially when barefoot ... Feeling like you have a stone at the base of your foot ... Foot & Ankle Partners of El Paso, TX , Conditions , ...
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Bunionette Deformity from the Foot & Ankle section. ...
Call (865) 218-7474 or Visit Our Deformities Page To Learn More! ... Timothy L. Gardner DPM, PC Family Foot & Ankle Clinic Delivers ... Flat Feet Category: Foot Problems, Deformities Flat feet are a common condition of the foot structure. In infants and toddlers ... Category: Foot Problems, Deformities Bone spurs are a very common foot problem. In the feet, they develop most frequently in ... Haglunds Deformity Category: Foot Problems, Deformities Haglunds Deformity (also known as pump bump or retrocalcaneal ...
Advanced Family Foot & Ankle providing professional podiatry. Dr. Janet Baatile-Ajrouche is a Canton and Ypsilanti Podiatrist, ... Because the ailment of flat feet means that the foot is longer than that of a foot with a normal arch, the flexor muscles ... Toe Deformities Some ailments of the feet are easily disguised and can go untreated for years. However, there are a few that ... For example, fairly common diseases of the foot are known as toe deformities. These ailments are oftentimes caused by a muscle ...
Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any joint in the body and often affects the ankles and feet. When the lining of the joints ... the joints may become deformed causing physical malformations of the foot. ... within the feet become swollen and inflamed because of rheumatoid arthritis, ... Symptoms of Foot Deformity. Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis in the feet are at an increased risk of developing certain ...
Because its symptoms are so similar to those of other common foot conditions-like arthritis-Haglunds deformity can be ... What is Haglunds Deformity?. Also known as the "pump bump", Haglunds deformity is a condition that causes the bony section of ... Haglunds Deformity Symptoms. Most cases of Haglunds deformity are very painful-especially in the area where the growth is ... Causes of Haglunds Deformity. As its other name "pump bump" implies, the rigid backs of "pump-style" shoes usually causes ...
... deformity of one or both joints of the second, third, fourth or fifth (little) toes. This abnormal bending can put pressure on ... Hammertoe Deformity. What Is a Hammertoe? Hammertoe is a contracture (bending) deformity of one or both joints of the second, ... In addition, the foot and ankle surgeon may take x-rays to determine the degree of the deformities and assess any changes that ... Often, patients with hammertoe have bunions or other foot deformities corrected at the same time. In selecting the procedure or ...
Total Foot and Ankle of Tampa Bay Has Multiple Locations Across The Tamp Bay Area Providing Complete Foot & Ankle Care. Visit ... Flat Feet Category: Foot Problems, Deformities Flat feet are a common condition of the foot structure. In infants and toddlers ... Category: Foot Problems, Deformities Bone spurs are a very common foot problem. In the feet, they develop most frequently in ... Haglunds Deformity Category: Foot Problems, Deformities Haglunds Deformity (also known as pump bump or retrocalcaneal ...
Haglunds Deformity (also known as pump bump or retrocalcaneal bursitis) is a painful enlargement on the back of the heel bone ... Changing shoes, soaking feet, and anti-inflammatory medications often mitigate the symptoms of this problem. Note: Please ... Clement Foot & Ankle Podiatrist in Mesa, AZ ... Overview of Foot and Ankle Problems * Basic Foot Care ...
Sterling VA Foot Care Specialists helping restore foot comfort and life style with advanced foot care solutions. ... Posted at 14:38h in Corrective Foot Care, Haglunds Deformity, Heel Pain, Orthotics, Pump Bump by Joanna Shuman 0 Comments 0 ... Posted at 15:37h in Haglunds Deformity, Hammer Toe, Mortons Neuroma, Orthotics, Pump Bump, Tips from Foot Doctor by Joanna ... Posted at 14:05h in Achilles Tendonitis, Haglunds Deformity, Heel Pain by Joanna Shuman 0 Comments 1 Like ...
Cavovarus foot correction procedure is performed at New England Orthopedic Surgeons to treat foot deformities in East ... This deformity produces pain in your heel, ball of the foot and outer edge of the foot, instability of gait, frequent ankle ... Cavovarus Foot Correction. To support the entire bodys weight on your two feet, the inner middle portion of each foot (midfoot ... This results as the two ends of the foot - the heel and toes - abnormally draw towards the inside of the foot, causing the foot ...
Foot and ankle deformity correction is the repair of the abnormality by restoring the normal alignment of the bones in the foot ... What is Foot & Ankle Deformity Correction?. Foot and ankle deformity is the structural abnormality caused by misalignment of ... Indications for Foot & Ankle Deformity Correction. Notable indications for foot and ankle deformity correction can be:. * ... Foot and Ankle deformity correction is the repair of the abnormality by restoring the normal alignment of the bones in the foot ...
What is Foot & Ankle Deformity Correction?. Foot and ankle deformity is the structural abnormality caused by misalignment of ... Indications for Foot & Ankle Deformity Correction. Notable indications for foot and ankle deformity correction can be:. * ... Foot & Ankle Deformity Correction. Dr Rami Basatneh, D.P.M., Podiatrist/Foot and Ankle Surgeon, Mesquite, Sunnyvale, Forney, TX ... Foot and Ankle deformity correction is the repair of the abnormality by restoring the normal alignment of the bones in the foot ...
TX treats Charcot foot deformity/Charcot arthropathy using realignment bone surgery, ankle fusion and prosthetic fitting. ... Foot and ankle surgeon, Dr Bilal Shamsi in Bellaire, Sugarland, West University, and Houston, ... Cavus Foot Deformity. Specialist in Charcot Foot Deformity in Houston, Friendswood, Lake Jackson, TX. Charcot Foot Deformity is ... Warmth in the foot and ankle. Diagnosis of Charcot Foot Deformity. It may be difficult to diagnose Charcot foot in the early ...
Tustin and Orange CA offers treatment for cavus foot deformity. Cavus foot is a condition in which the foot has a very high ... Foot and ankle specialist Dr Arash Aminian in Irvine, ... What is Cavus Foot Deformity?. Cavus foot also referred to as a ... Shortened foot length. Diagnosis of Cavus Foot Deformity. Diagnosis of Cavus foot is based on your family history and a ... Cavus Foot Deformity. Arash Aminian M.D. Fellowship Trained Foot and Ankle Specialist // Services // Foot & Ankle // Conditions ...
A tight Achilles tendon can develop and worsen the deformity. Treatment largely depends on whether the flat foot deformity is ... The most common cause of an adult acquired flat foot deformity (AAFFD) is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. As AAFFD ... The most common cause of an adult acquired flat foot deformity (AAFFD) is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. As AAFFD ... Physical examination reveals a rigid flat foot deformity with tenderness along the posterior tibial tendon and pain with ...
How Do You Fix a Deformed Foot? Why Do My Feet Look Deformed? What Is a Common Foot Problem? Visit Tustin Podiatry Clinic for ... Foot Deformity Treatment Near Me in Tustin, CA. ... Foot Deformity in Tustin, CA Foot Deformity Treatment at Tustin ... Foot deformity can be a serious problem. At Tustin Podiatry Clinic our expert podiatrist treat various foot deformities ... Foot and Ankle Medicine & Surgery. ▸ Orthotics Custom. ▸ EPAT/Shockwave Therapy. ▸ Hammertoe. ▸ Arthritis Treatment. ▸ Diabetic ...
  • A foot deformity is a disorder of the foot that can be congenital or acquired. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's an uncommon, congenital fetal abnormality which can lead to disfigured feet. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • Foot Deformities, Congenital" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (sdsu.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Foot Deformities, Congenital" by people in this website by year, and whether "Foot Deformities, Congenital" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (sdsu.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Foot Deformities, Congenital" by people in Profiles. (sdsu.edu)
  • Congenital talipes equinovarus ( CTEV ) DEFINITION Congenital talipes equinovarus is most common Congenital foot disorder. (physiofeeds.com)
  • That's what you'll find at Southern California Foot & Ankle Specialists, where pediatric and congenital foot care is a core part of our practice. (socalfootandankle.com)
  • There was congenital windmill vane hand position and severe talipes equinovarus deformity. (nih.gov)
  • Congenital deformities of the spine are spinal deformities identified at birth that are a byproduct of anomalous vertebral development in the embryo. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] In contrast, congenital spinal malformations that result in progressive spinal deformity are relatively rare, occurring with a reported frequency of 0.5/1000 births. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] Some congenital abnormalities may be benign, causing no spinal deformity, and remain undetected throughout a lifetime. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital spinal deformity may be described broadly in terms of the direction of the particular deformity. (medscape.com)
  • The Freeman-Sheldon syndrome is a rare congenital myopathy and dysplasia that results in deformity of the face, hands, and feet. (nih.gov)
  • asymptomatic, paediatric flexible flat foot, by far the most common form of congenital flat foot. (who.int)
  • Haglund's Deformity (also known as pump bump or retrocalcaneal bursitis) is a painful enlargement on the back of the heel bone that becomes irritated by shoes. (gardnerfootclinic.com)
  • What is Haglund's Deformity? (lookingglassfoot.com)
  • Also known as the "pump bump", Haglund's deformity is a condition that causes the bony section of your heel-where the Achilles tendon is-to become enlarged or inflamed. (lookingglassfoot.com)
  • Wearing shoes that put too much pressure on the back of the heel, causing inflammation, often causes Haglund's deformity. (lookingglassfoot.com)
  • If left untreated, Haglund's deformity can lead to bursitis-which is an inflammation of the fluid-filled sac that separates the tendon from the bone. (lookingglassfoot.com)
  • As its other name "pump bump" implies, the rigid backs of "pump-style" shoes usually causes Haglund's deformity. (lookingglassfoot.com)
  • Most cases of Haglund's deformity are very painful-especially in the area where the growth is located on the heel. (lookingglassfoot.com)
  • Because its symptoms are so similar to those of other common foot conditions-like arthritis-Haglund's deformity can be difficult to diagnose. (lookingglassfoot.com)
  • Treating Haglund's deformity involves relieving pressure from the heel bone. (lookingglassfoot.com)
  • But I have 2 with a foot deformity the 2 outside toes dont want to flatten out. (backyardchickens.com)
  • Toes bent upward from the joints at the ball of the foot. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • In such case it affects foot and ankle, twisting the heel and toes inward. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • Deformities of the lesser toes are frequently the secondary result of a bunion or deviated big toe. (footandankledoctor.com.sg)
  • Deformities can be varied and can result in the lesser toes riding up or across (crossover toe) towards the big toe or the adjacent toe. (footandankledoctor.com.sg)
  • Lesser toe deformities such as a hammer or crossover toes can be managed with toe splints or shoe inserts (orthotics or insoles) to either reduce the deformity or re-distribute pressure and relieve pain over the bottom of the foot. (footandankledoctor.com.sg)
  • When little toes don't look quite the way they should, it's important to seek out a professional evaluation, ideally from a specialist with experience treating these kinds of deformities. (socalfootandankle.com)
  • Metatarsalgia is a condition in which pain and inflammation are caused due to overuse or injury to the ball of the foot - the area between the toes and the arch. (epfootandankle.com)
  • They form due to the big toe pointing inward to the other toes of your feet. (gardnerfootclinic.com)
  • Most feet are flexible and an arch appears when children begin standing on their toes. (gardnerfootclinic.com)
  • Hammertoe is a deformity of the second, third, or fourth toes. (gardnerfootclinic.com)
  • Corns and calluses (a buildup of skin) on the toe, between two toes or on the ball of the foot. (jacksonfootankle.com)
  • During the physical examination, the doctor may attempt to reproduce your symptoms by manipulating your foot and will study the contractures of the toes. (jacksonfootankle.com)
  • In selecting the procedure or combination of procedures for your particular case, the foot and ankle surgeon will take into consideration the extent of your deformity, the number of toes involved, your age, your activity level and other factors. (jacksonfootankle.com)
  • This results as the two ends of the foot - the heel and toes - abnormally draw towards the inside of the foot, causing the foot to rest on its outer side. (neortho.com)
  • People who have fungal toenail infections often have a fungal skin infection on the foot, especially between the toes (commonly called athlete's foot , ringworm on the foot, or tinea pedis). (cdc.gov)
  • For patients that have had flat foot for a long time, you may develop changes in the appearance and flexibility of your toes also. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The spectrum of associated deformities observed with pes cavus includes clawing of the toes , posterior hindfoot deformity (described as an increased calcaneal angle), contracture of the plantar fascia, and cockup deformity of the great toe. (medscape.com)
  • Intrinsic muscle develops contractures while the long extensor to the toes, recruited to assist in ankle dorsiflexion, causes cockup or claw toe deformity . (medscape.com)
  • Unusually long toes often develop hammer toe deformities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The researchers speculate that the high heritability of lesser toe deformities might be associated with excessively long toes, which may be vulnerable to deformity resulting from footwear compression. (medscape.com)
  • Foot and Ankle deformity correction is the repair of the abnormality by restoring the normal alignment of the bones in the foot & ankle, surgically or non-surgically. (precisionfootandankle.co.uk)
  • An 8-year-old girl with Freeman-Sheldon syndrome underwent surgery under general anesthesia for the correction of lip deformity and microstomia. (nih.gov)
  • If conservative measures are ineffective, surgical correction of the deformity often relieves symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Guided growth: angular deformity correction through temporary hemiepiphysiodesis with a novel flexible staple (FlexTack). (bvsalud.org)
  • Overall, 79% (109/138) of patients treated with flexible staples achieved sufficient deformity correction. (bvsalud.org)
  • The flexible staples achieved a median MAD correction of 1.2 mm/month/HED site (IQR 0.6 to 2.0) in valgus deformities and 0.6 mm/month/HED site (IQR 0.2 to 1.5) in varus deformities . (bvsalud.org)
  • Bunions are malformation of the joint connecting to big toe of the foot which can lead to swollen and tender. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • Often, patients with hammertoe have bunions or other foot deformities corrected at the same time. (jacksonfootankle.com)
  • The treatment your foot and ankle surgeon selects will depend on the severity of your hammertoe and other factors. (jacksonfootankle.com)
  • At Tustin Podiatry Clinic our expert podiatrist treat various foot deformities including hammertoe, bunion, flat feet & high arched feet. (tustinpodiatryclinic.com)
  • Anatomical factors such as a large first-second inter-metatarsal angle, an excessively long first metatarsal and a round first metatarsal head have recently been shown to be associated with increased hallux valgus severity in older people, and it has been speculated that these foot structures may be more susceptible to lateral deviation of the hallux and subsequent hallux valgus deformity as a result of footwear compression. (medscape.com)
  • Although hammertoes are readily apparent, to arrive at a diagnosis, the foot and ankle surgeon will obtain a thorough history of your symptoms and examine your foot. (jacksonfootankle.com)
  • Dr. Bilal Shamsi, D.P.M, FACFAS in Houston, Friendswood, Lake Jackson, TXoffers expert diagnosis and individualized non-operative and operative treatment plans for Charcot Foot Deformity. (everestfac.com)
  • Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity: etiology, diagnosis, and management. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Diagnosis of hammer toe deformity is clinical. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our podiatrists can help you find the relief you need to ensure correct physical development in your feet and find relief from your symptoms. (jamaicahospital.org)
  • Symptoms can include pain over the top of the toe and difficultly getting the foot into a shoe. (footandankledoctor.com.sg)
  • Changing shoes, soaking feet, and anti-inflammatory medications often mitigate the symptoms of this problem. (footandanklecg.com)
  • It may be difficult to diagnose Charcot foot in the early stages, so your doctor will discuss your symptoms in detail and perform a thorough foot examination. (everestfac.com)
  • You will be provided with a cast, crutches, or wheelchair to rest your foot until symptoms improve. (everestfac.com)
  • Symptoms in adults may include tired or achy feet after long periods of standing or playing sports. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If the deformity is severe, surgery is recommended. (precisionfootandankle.co.uk)
  • Others may be associated with severe, progressive spinal deformity leading to cor pulmonale or even paraplegia (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • If a person with diabetes soaks their feet, it can lead to severe complications. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Patients with severe spinal deformities are also predisposed to the development of respiratory problems. (medscape.com)
  • This term describes dwarfism with perhaps the most numerous and severe skeletal abnormalities from cervical spine to the feet. (medscape.com)
  • Eventually, patients with adult acquired flat usual in infants, common in children and foot may develop severe arthritis in the foot uncommon in adults [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • They or more severe factors such as rupture of were given a brief general medical exami- the ligaments or tendons in the foot [ 7 ]. (who.int)
  • Apert syndrome is a rare type I acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome characterized by craniosynostosis, severe syndactyly of the hands and feet, and dysmorphic facial features. (bvsalud.org)
  • Apert syndrome is a rare type I acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome characterized by craniosynostosis, severe syndactyly of the hands and feet, and dysmorphic facial features (1-3) that was first described by Apert, a French physician, in 1906 (1). (bvsalud.org)
  • Some conditions such as tarsal coalition may need surgery to correct the deformity so the foot stays flexible. (medlineplus.gov)
  • On exam of a rigid deformity forefoot pronation cannot be corrected passively with the heel in valgus. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Patients with rigid hindfoot valgus and forefoot abduction deformities require a fusion procedure, most commonly a triple arthrodesis. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • It tells us the this common foot condition is indeed very heritable, and our paper notes that this is more so in women than men, and more so in women who show hallux valgus before age 65 (what we called early onset), where hallux valgus appears to be even more heritable than height, which is well appreciated as being inherited from one's parents," Dr. Hannan told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
  • The study objective was to estimate the heritability of hallux valgus, lesser toe deformities, and plantar forefoot soft tissue atrophy. (medscape.com)
  • Almost half of the women aged 70+ years had hallux valgus, lesser toe deformity and/or plantar soft tissue atrophy," the authors report. (medscape.com)
  • Some deformities will result in sagittal plane abnormalities (kyphosis or lordosis), whereas others will primarily affect the coronal plane (scoliosis). (medscape.com)
  • Krysten Bell, MD specializes in pediatric orthopedic surgical care, including trauma, complex hip deformities in children and young adults, scoliosis and other spine deformities, pediatric foot and ankle surgery, and pediatric sports injuries. (stlukesonline.org)
  • Whether your deformity requires special bracing and orthotics or surgery, we have the expertise to help you heal and give you the comfort and mobility you deserve. (jamaicahospital.org)
  • HyProCure provides a permanent solution to the problem of flat feet, removing the need for orthotics. (upstep.com)
  • Flat feet in older adults can be treated with pain relievers, orthotics, and sometimes surgery. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A couple of important ways they can help is by assessing footwear and prescribing custom foot orthotics. (feetnet.com)
  • Custom foot orthotics are designed to support the feet and enhance feedback to the brain, which improves balance. (feetnet.com)
  • Tarsal coalitions have only very infrequently been observed in the context of cavus foot abnormalities. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
  • We report tarsal coalitions observed in cavus deformity here. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
  • Two patients with cavus deformities who were treated by one of the authors have either a unilateral or bilateral tarsal coalition. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
  • All of these cases occurred in patients with idiopathic cavus deformity. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
  • We advise surgeons to keep an awareness for this potential comorbid issue in all cavus foot abnormalities and to take advanced imaging into consideration. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
  • In these uncommon cases, the medial cuneiform-navicular and calcaneonavicular joints formed an osseous coalition with pes cavus deformity, which successfully resolved with conservative and surgical treatment, respectively. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
  • Pes cavus is a descriptive term for a foot morphology characterized by high arch of the foot that does not flatten with weightbearing. (medscape.com)
  • A rigid flatfoot deformity cannot be corrected passively beyond neutral, which is a distinguishable feature from a flexible deformity. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Approach and treatment of the adult acquired flatfoot deformity. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Orthopedics Today interviews Scott J. Ellis, MD , foot and ankle surgeon at HSS about results of a study that indicate the cervical ligament in the subtalar joint may need further examination in foot reconstruction surgery, especially in patients with flatfoot deformity. (hss.edu)
  • A hammer toe is a deformity that causes your toe to bend or curl downward instead of pointing forward. (healthline.com)
  • Hammer toe is a Z-shaped deformity caused by dorsal subluxation at the metatarsophalangeal joint. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The usual cause of hammer toe deformity is misalignment of the joint surfaces due to a genetic predisposition toward aberrant foot biomechanics and tendon contractures. (msdmanuals.com)
  • often develop in hammer toe deformity, particularly of the 5th toe. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In hammer toe, usually the 2nd toe, or sometimes another lesser toe, develops a fixed Z-shaped deformity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If cavovarus deformity is not adequately controlled by conservative means, your doctor will recommend surgical treatment. (neortho.com)
  • Mild deformities can be corrected with non-surgical treatments including physical therapy, orthoses (splints or braces or other artificial external devices), special footwear and medications. (precisionfootandankle.co.uk)
  • St. James Hospital has fulltime podiatry services to help you reduce pain and regain your mobility, including surgical and non-surgical treatment of many types of foot injuries and conditions. (rochester.edu)
  • Surgical decision-making requires a careful and complete examination of the foot and ankle, especially for rigidity, strength, and deformities. (medscape.com)
  • Apresenta técnicas para o estudo da resistência medicamentosa do bacilo pela inoculação do M. Leprae em coxim plantar de camundongos (Mouse foot-pad test). (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 2 ] The deformity can be located in the forefoot, the midfoot, the hindfoot, or a combination of these sites. (medscape.com)
  • When conservative methods are not found to be effective, surgery may be recommended for removing calluses, correcting deformities and realigning the metatarsal bones. (epfootandankle.com)
  • Left untreated, Hallux Limitus can cause other joint problems, calluses, and/or diabetic foot ulcers. (gardnerfootclinic.com)
  • When the lining of the joints within the feet become swollen and inflamed because of rheumatoid arthritis, the joints may become deformed causing physical malformations of the foot. (tamparheumatology.com)
  • Charcot foot deformity, also known as Charcot arthropathy, is a condition characterized by weakness and inflammation of the bones, joints, and tissues of the foot. (everestfac.com)
  • Flat feet occur because the tissues holding the joints in the foot together (called tendons) are loose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Between 2022 and 2023, the records of every patient treated by one of the authors for a varus deformity who was later determined to have either a unilateral or bilateral tarsal coalition were examined. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
  • This deformity produces pain in your heel, ball of the foot and outer edge of the foot, instability of gait, frequent ankle sprains, difficulty wearing shoes, callus formation and sometimes stress fractures in the bones on the outer side of the foot. (neortho.com)
  • The resultant spinal deformity is often a complex, three-dimensional structure with differences in both the coronal and sagittal plane, along with a rotational component along the axis of the spine. (medscape.com)
  • As a result of progressive contractures, spine deformities, and joint involvement, patients are relatively inactive. (medscape.com)
  • These can be extremely painful and disabling conditions and patients often have difficulty walking and wearing shoes as the feet become increasingly inflamed. (tamparheumatology.com)
  • Patients with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, a flat foot deformity, and a flexible hindfoot are candidates for tendon transfers, including posterior tibial tendon debridement and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer or FDL tendon transfer to the navicular, spring ligament repair, calcaneal osteotomy, and Achilles lengthening. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Basically, what we found is that the flatfoot patients had compromise of the spring ligament more than our control patients and the worse the cervical and spring ligaments became, the worse deformed the foot was, particularly in abduction," Dr. Ellis said about the study, which was a Roger A. Mann award finalist at the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Annual Meeting. (hss.edu)
  • List the steps that comprise a foot assessment in patients with diabetes. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
  • Summarize the management program for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
  • Diabetic foot ulcers are complex, chronic wounds that are often disabling and greatly impact the morbidity and mortality of patients. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
  • Patients who develop a DFU are at higher risk of early death, heart attack, and fatal stroke than people with diabetes who do not develop diabetic foot ulcers. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
  • In patients with polio, the deformity is in the hindfoot and is caused by weakness of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex. (medscape.com)
  • The nature and frequency of foot problems were examined based on a retrospective study of 137 patients referred to a podiatrist by a physician over a 3 month period. (cdc.gov)
  • Foot deformities and pressure hyperkeratosis cases constituted 35 percent of all patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Most of the patients had underlying biomechanical deformities or imbalances. (cdc.gov)
  • Weak muscles and contractures are corrected by a tendon transfer surgery, while bone deformities are corrected by cutting (osteotomy) or fusing bones (arthrodesis) to allow the foot to evenly contact the floor. (neortho.com)
  • Physical examination reveals a rigid flat foot deformity with tenderness along the posterior tibial tendon and pain with subtalar motion. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • The most common cause of an adult acquired flat foot deformity (AAFFD) is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • A tight Achilles tendon can develop and worsen the deformity. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • When I started running exclusively in my bare feet and flat shoes it changed the angle of my foot at mid stance such that the spur was now protruding back into my Achilles tendon and its bursa. (runblogger.com)
  • Others may experience foot pain, knee pain, (abducted), and the heel is rolled outward shin splints and pain in the achilles tendon. (who.int)
  • This orthopaedic surgeons to record whether the develops with repetitive stress on the main participant had flat foot or not, and whether supporting tendon of the arch over a long the flat foot was unilateral or bilateral and period of time [ 3 ]. (who.int)
  • However in some feet, lesser toe deformities can occur on their own or after trauma. (footandankledoctor.com.sg)
  • [ 15 ] A patient with a new-onset unilateral deformity but without a history of trauma must be evaluated for spinal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • From sports medicine to wellness to cosmetic issues to special diabetic care, we help keep your feet moving on the right path! (shumanpodiatry.com)
  • Upon completion of this course, you will have gained up-to-date knowledge to care for individuals at risk for developing diabetic foot ulcers and to assess and treat those with diabetic foot ulcers. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
  • Identify the prevalence and impacts of diabetic foot ulcers. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
  • Summarize the importance of preventive measures for diabetic foot care. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
  • Describe the role of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and Charcot osteoarthropathy in the development of diabetic foot ulcers. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
  • Describe the important components of off-loading in the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
  • Discuss amputation as it relates to diabetic foot ulcers. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
  • A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is the most frequently occurring complication associated with diabetes and one that healthcare providers will encounter across the continuum of care. (wildirismedicaleducation.com)
  • People with diabetes often have dry feet or nerve damage that results from diabetic neuropathy . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Main self-care deficits found in elderly people with diabetic foot ulcer: An integrative review. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several individuals with diabetes lose n I sensitivity and may present foot deformities, resulting in diabetic foot. (bvsalud.org)
  • A Knowing about self-care deficits can al ow for planning healthcare in o o t U the management of diabetic foot and improve the patient's quality of i a b e t i c F life. (bvsalud.org)
  • To identify, from the scientific literature, the main self- i t h D care deficits present in elderly people with diabetic foot ulcers, based on Orem's self-care deficit theory. (bvsalud.org)
  • The search for studies was performed in Jan- l d e r l y P uary 2022, using the descriptors "diabetic foot", "self-care," and "aged. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hammertoes usually start out as mild deformities and get progressively worse over time. (jacksonfootankle.com)
  • Gently clean the feet with lukewarm water and mild soap every day, but do not soak. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Claw toe normally happen when muscles of foot got weaken, or we can say it's caused by nerve damage from disease like alcoholism or diabetes. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • Claw toe is caused by nerve damage from diseases like diabetes or alcoholism, which can weaken muscles in the foot. (gardnerfootclinic.com)
  • Once your foot and ankle surgeon has evaluated your hammertoes, a treatment plan can be developed that is suited to your needs. (jacksonfootankle.com)
  • It may be produced by an imbalance in the strength of the foot muscles, causing muscle contractures (stiffness) or due to bony deformities of the heel bone. (neortho.com)
  • The hip contractures should be corrected first, as these may influence the recurrence of the knee deformity. (medscape.com)
  • Clubfoot is a type of foot deformity that is present from birth and causes a baby's foot to be twisted out of its normal position. (jamaicahospital.org)
  • Charcot Foot Deformity is a condition in which nerve damage results in inflammation and deformity of the foot structures. (everestfac.com)
  • Dr. Christopher Vittori, DPM is a podiatric foot & ankle surgery specialist in Homer Glen, IL and has over 19 years of experience in the medical field. (healthgrades.com)
  • I recently went to another orthopedic surgeon who specializes in foot and ankle surgery and he didn't recommend surgery to remove the Haglund structure (he didn't call it a defect). (runblogger.com)
  • Some causes of painful flat feet can be treated without surgery. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Surgery often improves pain and foot function for people who need it. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Failure to maintain an asymptomatic plantigrade foot is an indication for surgery. (medscape.com)
  • Standard orthopedic surgery is recommended for foot deformities at an early age. (medscape.com)
  • Because the ailment of flat feet means that the foot is longer than that of a foot with a normal arch, the flexor muscles becomes overpowering. (thefootinstitute.ca)
  • VERTICAL TALUS DEFINITON - Rocker bottom foot vertical talus the foot has an appearance of ' rocker bottom' deformity - Complete oblitertion of longitudinal arch can be seen - Sole of the foot is convex downwards. (physiofeeds.com)
  • In infants and toddlers, prior to walking, the longitudinal arch is not developed, and flat feet are normal. (gardnerfootclinic.com)
  • To support the entire body's weight on your two feet, the inner middle portion of each foot (midfoot) is raised off the ground to form an arch. (neortho.com)
  • A cavovarus foot deformity is characterized by a higher-than-normal arch of the inner midfoot. (neortho.com)
  • Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of the left foot ( Figures 1 and 2 ) show an increased talo-first metatarsal angle (Meary angle) and loss of arch height. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Flat feet (pes planus) refer to a change in foot shape in which the foot does not have a normal arch when standing. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If an arch forms, the flat foot is called flexible. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Flat foot is a condition in which the foot about every aspect of the condition, from does not have a normal medial longitudi- etiology to treatment, as has flexible flat nal arch when standing [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • present until weight is put on the foot, at The study included all male army recruits which time the arch disappears. (who.int)
  • This condition (also known as flatfoot) causes the arches of the feet to flatten when pressure is placed on them, as may occur while walking. (jamaicahospital.org)
  • High arches often cause pain and discomfort in the feet due to additional stress and pressure. (jamaicahospital.org)
  • In this the arches of the foot collapse, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • Aging, injuries, or illness may harm the tendons and cause flat feet to develop in a person who has already formed arches. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you suffer from any of these conditions, the right treatment approach for you will depend on the severity of your condition, how long you have had it, and where the deformity is specifically located. (jamaicahospital.org)
  • The Queens foot deformity specialists at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center can accurately diagnose your condition and help you find the right treatment approach. (jamaicahospital.org)
  • Club foot goal of treatment is to make baby foot function properly till the time baby is ready to stand on his own foot. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • It,s treatment start by gently stretching club foot toward the correct position. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • Treatment for Newborn Toe Deformities: How and When? (socalfootandankle.com)
  • Treatment for deformities of the feet varies depending on the type and severity of the condition, but is designed to restore mobility and the normal appearance and alignment of the foot. (tamparheumatology.com)
  • Early treatment helps in preventing the damage and deformity caused by the condition. (everestfac.com)
  • Treatment largely depends on whether the flat foot deformity is rigid or flexible. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • In treating the conditions associated with flat feet , there are many treatment methods. (upstep.com)
  • Flat feet in a child do not need treatment if they are not causing pain or walking problems. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In older children and adults, flexible flat feet that do not cause pain or walking problems do not need further treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The treatment depends on the cause of the flat feet. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs. (feetnet.com)
  • The goal of treatment is to produce a plantigrade foot that allows even distribution of weight. (medscape.com)
  • The feet are rigid, and cast treatment is usually futile. (medscape.com)
  • A plantigrade foot is the goal of treatment. (medscape.com)
  • It can occur in one or both feet and, while it does not generally cause discomfort or pain on its own, can make walking more difficult. (jamaicahospital.org)
  • Such tumor can occur in hand and feet, and has a greater tendency toward malignant transformation than Ollier`s Disease. (footpainmanagement.org)
  • This imbalance, which leads to a bending of the toe, results from mechanical (structural) or neurological changes in the foot that occur over time in some people. (jacksonfootankle.com)
  • Overpronated feet and overpronated ankles commonly occur with flat feet. (upstep.com)
  • This type of flat foot may occur only on one side. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The cause for cavovarus foot deformity is usually unknown, but it may be associated with neuromuscular conditions such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (progressive muscle weakness), stroke, head injury and poliomyelitis (viral infection that causes paralysis). (neortho.com)
  • To learn more about Charcot foot deformity, contactDr. (everestfac.com)
  • What is Charcot Foot Deformity? (everestfac.com)
  • Charcot foot deformity is caused by nerve damage that results in loss of sensation in the foot. (everestfac.com)
  • For example, fairly common diseases of the foot are known as toe deformities. (thefootinstitute.ca)
  • Diagnose and treat diseases and deformities of the human foot. (bls.gov)
  • Identifying the etiology is essential to determine if the deformity is progressive, which assists in operative planning. (medscape.com)
  • Enchondromas are the most common bone tumors of the hands and feet and usually are painless. (gardnerfootclinic.com)
  • At Shuman Podiatry & Sports Medicine, we see a lot of feet damaged by sky-high footwear. (shumanpodiatry.com)
  • An unmovable big toe, known as Hallux Rigidus, is the most common form of arthritis in the foot. (gardnerfootclinic.com)
  • Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any joint in the body and often affects the ankles and feet. (tamparheumatology.com)
  • Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis in the feet are at an increased risk of developing certain physical deformities. (tamparheumatology.com)
  • A foot deformity is any condition that alters the shape or structure of your foot into one that is painful or uncomfortable. (jamaicahospital.org)
  • It is also common to develop a callosity or thickening of the skin over the sole of the foot that can be painful to walk on. (footandankledoctor.com.sg)
  • Heal Your Heels If you've developed a painful bump on the back of your heel, you might have one of several foot conditions. (shumanpodiatry.com)
  • Rarely, painful flat feet in children may be caused by a condition in which two or more of the bones in the foot grow or fuse together. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Rigid or painful flat feet need to be checked by a provider. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Among the treatments for flat feet , the HyProCure procedure poses significant benefits. (upstep.com)
  • Foot deformities were diagnosed by a clinical exam that did not include radiography. (medscape.com)
  • Don't let your foot deformity continue to cause you discomfort or pain. (jamaicahospital.org)
  • When this happens, pain becomes more noticeable and basic foot function could be affected. (lookingglassfoot.com)
  • The inability to feel pressure, pain, or temperature changes in the feet could result in a person continuing with activities that cause progressive damage and deformity to the foot. (everestfac.com)
  • A 61-year-old man presents to the office with chronic left foot pain. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Foot pain and problems can have a big impact on your quality of life. (rochester.edu)
  • When this happens, curing the pain from flat feet becomes the goal. (upstep.com)
  • With overpronation, there is additional strain on the structures of the feet, causing pain and discomfort. (upstep.com)
  • It redistributes the pressure on the feet, alleviating pain and discomfort in the kinematic chain. (upstep.com)
  • A person may be unable to feel pain, heat, or cold in their legs and feet. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Most flat feet do not cause pain or other problems. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Children don't often have foot pain, ankle pain, or lower leg pain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Contact your provider if you experience persistent pain in your feet or your child complains of foot pain or lower leg pain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our doctors can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet. (feetnet.com)
  • Antagonist muscles, the posterior tibialis and the peroneus longus, pull harder than the other muscles, causing deformity. (medscape.com)
  • The procedure, known as an osteotomy, is performed under general or regional (affecting only the leg or foot) anaesthesia. (precisionfootandankle.co.uk)
  • Injuries to the Extremities: Common Biomechanical Foot Injuries. (cdc.gov)
  • Common and preventable occupational foot injuries that arise from biomechanical stress are listed. (cdc.gov)
  • Preventive measures for limiting disability resulting from biomechanical foot injuries are recommended. (cdc.gov)