Fluorouracil. Medical search

A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.

The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as an antidote to FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS.

Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

An oxidoreductase involved in pyrimidine base degradation. It catalyzes the catabolism of THYMINE; URACIL and the chemotherapeutic drug, 5-FLUOROURACIL.

Organic compounds which contain platinum as an integral part of the molecule.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and dUMP to dihydrofolate and dTMP in the synthesis of thymidine triphosphate. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.1.1.45.

An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity.

An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.

An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.

5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.

The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.

Congener of FLUOROURACIL with comparable antineoplastic action. It has been suggested especially for the treatment of breast neoplasms.

An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.

Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.

Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.

Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.

Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.

Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.

An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

Regional infusion of drugs via an arterial catheter. Often a pump is used to impel the drug through the catheter. Used in therapy of cancer, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, infection, and peripheral vascular disease.

INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.

5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.

Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The adaptation of therapeutic approaches such as pharmacological (DRUG CHRONOTHERAPY), surgical, radiological, or physical to the known variations in biological RHYTHMICITY, such as CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms, or modifying the timing of therapy to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effect.

A group of diterpenoid CYCLODECANES named for the taxanes that were discovered in the TAXUS tree. The action on MICROTUBULES has made some of them useful as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.

A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.

Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)

Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.

The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.

An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).

Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.

A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.

Preliminary cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone/endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, etc.) that precedes a necessary second modality of treatment.

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of 2-deoxy-D-ribose from THYMIDINE to orthophosphate, thereby liberating thymidine.

An enzyme which catalyzes the deamination of CYTOSINE resulting in the formation of URACIL. It can also act on 5-methylcytosine to form THYMIDINE.

Any process by which toxicity, metabolism, absorption, elimination, preferred route of administration, safe dosage range, etc., for a drug or group of drugs is determined through clinical assessment in humans or veterinary animals.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

Antagonist of urate oxidase.

An autosomal recessive disorder affecting DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE and causing familial pyrimidinemia. It is characterized by thymine-uraciluria in homozygous deficient patients. Even a partial deficiency in the enzyme leaves individuals at risk for developing severe 5-FLUOROURACIL-associated toxicity.

An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.

The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.

A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.

A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death.

Uracil nucleotides which contain deoxyribose as the sugar moiety.

A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.

One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.

A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of ribose from uridine to orthophosphate, forming uracil and ribose 1-phosphate.

The highest dose of a biologically active agent given during a chronic study that will not reduce longevity from effects other than carcinogenicity. (from Lewis Dictionary of Toxicology, 1st ed)

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

A group of methylazirinopyrroloindolediones obtained from certain Streptomyces strains. They are very toxic antibiotics used as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS in some solid tumors. PORFIROMYCIN and MITOMYCIN are the most useful members of the group.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Radiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.

A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as flouride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.

2'-Deoxyuridine. An antimetabolite that is converted to deoxyuridine triphosphate during DNA synthesis. Laboratory suppression of deoxyuridine is used to diagnose megaloblastic anemias due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Tumors or cancer of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, from the MOUTH to the ANAL CANAL.

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.

The penultimate step in the pathway of histidine biosynthesis. Oxidation of the alcohol group on the side chain gives the acid group forming histidine. Histidinol has also been used as an inhibitor of protein synthesis.

Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neoplasms.

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

The enzyme catalyzing the formation of orotidine-5'-phosphoric acid (orotidylic acid) from orotic acid and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate in the course of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. EC 2.4.2.10.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Methods of investigating the effectiveness of anticancer cytotoxic drugs and biologic inhibitors. These include in vitro cell-kill models and cytostatic dye exclusion tests as well as in vivo measurement of tumor growth parameters in laboratory animals.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The total amount of radiation absorbed by tissues as a result of radiotherapy.

Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

Treatment that combines chemotherapy with radiotherapy.

The area covering the terminal portion of ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of STOMACH at the cardiac orifice.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Therapeutic act or process that initiates a response to a complete or partial remission level.

Any surgical procedure for treatment of glaucoma by means of puncture or reshaping of the trabecular meshwork. It includes goniotomy, trabeculectomy, and laser perforation.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.

A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.

Catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleosides with the elimination of ammonia.

An amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Since neuronal uptake and neuronal receptor sensitivity to beta-alanine have been demonstrated, the compound may be a false transmitter replacing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. A rare genetic disorder, hyper-beta-alaninemia, has been reported.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells such as the GOBLET CELLS.

Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Derivatives of acetic acid with one or more fluorines attached. They are almost odorless, difficult to detect chemically, and very stable. The acid itself, as well as the derivatives that are broken down in the body to the acid, are highly toxic substances, behaving as convulsant poisons with a delayed action. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.

An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase.

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a pentose group from one compound to another.

Intensive weekly chemotherapy is not effective in advanced pancreatic cancer patients: a report from the Italian Group for the Study of Digestive Tract Cancer (GISCAD). (1/6112)

Twenty-two patients, with locally advanced unresectable and/or metastatic pancreatic carcinoma, received weekly administration of cisplatin 40 mg m(-2), 5-fluorouracil 500 mg m(-2), epidoxorubicin 35 mg m(-2), 6S stereoisomer of leucovorin 250 mg m(-2) and glutathione 1.5 mg m(-2), supported by a daily administration of lenograstim at a dose of 5 microg kg(-1). Nineteen patients were men and three were women. Median age was 63 years (range 47-70). At study entry, pain was present in 15 out of 22 patients (68%) with a mean value of Scott-Huskisson scale of 27.6+/-23.8, whereas a weight loss >10% was present in 15 patients. After eight weekly treatments, three partial responses were achieved for a response rate of 13% (95% CI 0-26%), five patients had stable disease and 14 progressed on therapy. Pain was present in 9 out of 22 patients (40%) with a mean value of Scott-Huskisson scale of 12.3+/-18.4. Eight patients (36%) (three partial response and five stable disease) had a positive weight change. Toxicity was mild: WHO grade III or IV toxicity was recorded in terms of anaemia in 7 out of 188 cycles (3.7%), of neutropenia in 9 out of 188 cycles (4.7%) and of thrombocytopenia in 3 out of 188 cycles (1.5%). Median survival of all patients was 6 months. The outcome of this intensive chemotherapy regimen does not support its use in pancreatic cancer. (+info)

Is early post-operative treatment with 5-fluorouracil possible without affecting anastomotic strength in the intestine? (2/6112)

Early post-operative local or systemic administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is under investigation as a means to improve outcome after resection of intestinal malignancies. It is therefore quite important to delineate accurately its potentially negative effects on anastomotic repair. Five groups (n = 24) of rats underwent resection and anastomosis of both ileum and colon: a control group and four experimental groups receiving daily 5-FU, starting immediately after operation or after 1, 2 or 3 days. Within each group, the drug (or saline) was delivered either intraperitoneally (n = 12) or intravenously (n = 12). Animals were killed 7 days after operation and healing was assessed by measurement of anastomotic bursting pressure, breaking strength and hydroxyproline content. In all cases, 5-FU treatment from the day of operation or from day 1 significantly (P<0.025) and severely suppressed wound strength; concomitantly, the anastomotic hydroxyproline content was reduced. Depending on the location of the anastomosis and the route of 5-FU administration, even a period of 3 days between operation and first dosage seemed insufficient to prevent weakening of the anastomosis. The effects of intravenous administration, though qualitatively similar, were quantitatively less dramatic than those observed after intraperitoneal delivery. Post-operative treatment with 5-FU, if started within the first 3 days after operation, is detrimental to anastomotic strength and may compromise anastomotic integrity. (+info)

Profound variation in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in human blood cells: major implications for the detection of partly deficient patients. (3/6112)

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is responsible for the breakdown of the widely used antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (5FU), thereby limiting the efficacy of the therapy. To identify patients suffering from a complete or partial DPD deficiency, the activity of DPD is usually determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM cells). In this study, we demonstrated that the highest activity of DPD was found in monocytes followed by that of lymphocytes, granulocytes and platelets, whereas no significant activity of DPD could be detected in erythrocytes. The activity of DPD in PBM cells proved to be intermediate compared with the DPD activity observed in monocytes and lymphocytes. The mean percentage of monocytes in the PBM cells obtained from cancer patients proved to be significantly higher than that observed in PBM cells obtained from healthy volunteers. Moreover, a profound positive correlation was observed between the DPD activity of PBM cells and the percentage of monocytes, thus introducing a large inter- and intrapatient variability in the activity of DPD and hindering the detection of patients with a partial DPD deficiency. (+info)

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency and fluorouracil-related toxicity. (4/6112)

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) catabolism. We report lymphocytic DPD data concerning a group of 53 patients (23 men, 30 women, mean age 58, range 36-73), treated by 5-FU-based chemotherapy in different French institutions and who developed unanticipated 5-FU-related toxicity. Lymphocyte samples (standard collection procedure) were sent to us for DPD determination (biochemical method). Among the whole group of 53 patients, 19 had a significant DPD deficiency (DD; below 150 fmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, i.e. less than 70% of the mean value observed from previous population study). There was a greater majority of women in the DD group (15 out of 19, 79%) compared with the remaining 34 patients (15 out of 34, 44%, P<0.014). Toxicity was often severe, leading to patient death in two cases (both women). The toxicity score (sum of WHO grading, theoretical range 0-20) was twice as high in patients with marked DD (below 100 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, n = 11, mean score = 13.2) compared with patients with moderate DD (between 150 and 100 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, n = 8, mean score = 6.8), P = 0.008. In the DD group, there was a high frequency of neurotoxic syndromes (7 out of 19, 37%). The two deceased patients both had severe neurotoxicity. The occurrence of cardiac toxicity was relatively rare (1 out of 19, 5%). These data suggest that women are particularly prone to DPD deficiency and allow a more precise definition of the DD toxicity profile. (+info)

Antitumor agents. I. Effect of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide on liver microsomes and thymus of rat. (5/6112)

Effects of antitumor agents on rat liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and thymus lymphocytes were studied in male Wistar rats. High doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cyclophosphamide (CP) given parenterally for 6 days caused a partial decrease in whole body weight and the microsomal enzyme content such as cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5. Aniline p-hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities also decreased in rats dosed for 5 days decreased compared with the control. Both compounds in the high concentrations produced spectral change of "modified type II". However, the magnitude of the spectral changes observed was independent of the the concentration of substrate added. The addition of NADPH to the microsomes-substrate mixture modified the spectral change. Both drugs caused a considerable decrease in thymus weight and the number of thymus lymphocytes, while the alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced in 5-FU groups, indicating that the agents cause a significant involution of the thymus. Decrease in the total number of the lymphocytes was greater than that in the blood leucocytes. (+info)

Persistent induction of apoptosis and suppression of mitosis as the basis for curative therapy with S-1, an oral 5-fluorouracil prodrug in a colorectal tumor model. (6/6112)

In an effort to improve the therapeutic selectivity of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) against colorectal cancer, S-1, a combination agent including a prodrug of FUra with two modulators, was recently developed by Taiho Pharmaceuticals Co. S-1 is a combination of tegafur (FT), 5-chloro-2,4-hydroxypyridine, and potassium oxonate in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.4:1.0, with the latter two components as inhibitors of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate transferase, respectively. In this study, the therapeutic selectivity and efficacy of S-1 (oral) was compared with FT (oral) and FUra (i.v. infusion) in rats bearing advanced colorectal cancer by using clinically relevant schedules. The maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of S-1, FT, and FUra were 31.5, 200, and 25 mg/kg/d for 7 days and 22.5, 150, and 12.5 mg/kg/d for 28 days, respectively. The therapeutic index of S-1 was 4- to 5-fold higher than that of either FT or FUra. S-1 achieved 100% complete tumor regression (CR) at its MTD in both 7-day and 28-day schedules. Furthermore, the high incidences of stomatitis, alopecia, and diarrhea observed with FUra and FT, were not observed with S-1. In an attempt to understand the basis for the observed superior therapeutic selectivity with S-1, we studied pharmacokinetic analysis of FUra, drug-induced apoptosis, suppression of mitosis, and inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) after S-1, FUra, or FT administration. The peak plasma FUra concentrations derived from FUra or S-1 (FT) at comparable MTDs were similar, but the plasma level of FUra was higher with S-1 than with FUra. Induction of high and sustained apoptosis was achieved with S-1. Although the initial level of apoptosis induced by FUra was comparable to S-1, it was not sustained. The sustained level of apoptosis appears to correlate with tumor growth inhibition. Mitotic figures were more greatly suppressed with S-1 treatment than with FUra. Studies on TS inhibition indicated that, although both S-1 and FUra caused a 4- to 6-fold induction of total TS protein, single oral administration of S-1 was superior to 24-h infusion of FUra in suppressing free TS. The data are consistent with the observation that the therapeutic efficacy of S-1 (100% cure) over FUra is associated with high and sustained levels of drug-induced apoptosis, greater suppression of mitosis, and inhibition of free TS in tumor tissues. (+info)

Phase I study of eniluracil, a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inactivator, and oral 5-fluorouracil with radiation therapy in patients with recurrent or advanced head and neck cancer. (7/6112)

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective enhancer of radiation therapy (RT) in head and neck cancers. Due to rapid, predominantly hepatic metabolism by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and suggested clinical benefit from prolonged drug exposure, 5-FU is commonly given by continuous infusion. Eniluracil is a novel DPD-inactivator designed to prolong the half-life of 5-FU and provide sustained plasma concentrations of 5-FU with oral dosing. We conducted a Phase I study of the safety and efficacy of eniluracil given with oral 5-FU in patients receiving concurrent RT for recurrent or advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Thirteen patients with recurrent, metastatic, or high-risk (defined as an expected 2-year survival rate of <10%) head and neck cancer were enrolled and treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy on an every-other-week schedule. Eniluracil at a fixed dose [20 mg twice a day (BID)] was given for 7 consecutive days (days 1-7). 5-FU and RT were given on 5 consecutive days (days 2-6). One patient was treated with once-daily RT (2.0 Gy fractions). The remaining patients received hyperfractionated RT (1.5-Gy fractions BID). The initial dose of 5-FU was 2.5 mg/m2 given BID. Dose escalation in patient cohorts was scheduled at 2.5-mg/m2 increments, with intrapatient dose escalation permitted. Lymphocyte DPD activity and serum 5-FU and uracil concentrations were monitored during two cycles. DPD activity was completely or nearly completely inactivated in all patients. Sustained, presumed therapeutic concentrations of 5-FU were observed at a dose of 5.0 mg/m2 given BID. Cumulative dose-limiting myelosuppression (both neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) was observed during the fourth and fifth cycles following administration of 5.0 mg/m2 5-FU BID. One patient died of neutropenic sepsis during cycle 4. Other late cycle toxicities included diarrhea, fatigue, and mucositis. Grade 3 mucositis was observed in 4 patients, but no grade 4 mucositis or grade 3 or 4 dermatitis was observed. A second patient death occurred during cycle 1 of treatment. No specific cause of death was identified. The study was subsequently discontinued. Cumulative myelosupression was the significant dose-limiting toxicity of oral 5-FU given with the DPD-inactivator eniluracil on an every-other-week schedule. Clinical radiation sensitization was not observed, based on the absence of dose-limiting mucositis and dermatitis. Alternative dosing schedules need to be examined to determine the most appropriate use of eniluracil and 5-FU as radiation enhancers. (+info)

A Fas-dependent component in 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin-induced cytotoxicity in colon carcinoma cells. (8/6112)

We have shown previously (J. A. Houghton et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94: 8144-8149, 1997) that thymineless death in thymidylate synthase-deficient (TS-) colon carcinoma cells is mediated via Fas/FasL interactions after deoxythymidine (dThd) deprivation, and that Fas-dependent sensitivity of human colon carcinoma cell lines may be dependent upon the level of Fas expressed. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether a Fas-dependent component exists in 5-fluorouracil (FUra)/leucovorin (LV)-induced cytotoxicity of colon carcinoma cells, and whether this may be potentiated by IFN-gamma-induced elevation in Fas expression, using the HT29 cell line as a model. The cytotoxic activity of FUra/LV was inhibited by dThd in HT29 cells and also, in part, by NOK-1+NOK-2 MoAbs that prevent Fas/FasL interactions. FUra/LV-induced cytotoxicity was significantly potentiated by IFN-gamma, reversed by exposure to NOK-1+NOK-2 antibodies, and correlated with a 4-fold induction of Fas expression in the presence of IFN-gamma and significant elevation in expression of FasL. Using five additional human colon carcinoma cell lines, FUra/LV-induced cytotoxicity was dThd-dependent in GC3/c1, VRC5/c1, and Caco2 but not in HCT8 or HCT116 cells. Like HT29 cells, this cytotoxicity was potentiated by IFN-gamma in GC3/c1 and VRC5/c1 but not in Caco2, which fails to express Fas, nor in HCT8 and HCT116, in which no dThd-dependent FUra-induced cytotoxicity was demonstrated. Data suggest that a Fas-dependent component, potentiated by IFN-gamma, exists in FUra/LV-induced cytotoxicity but requires FUra/LV-induced DNA damage for IFN-gamma-induced potentiation to occur. (+info)

Resistance to 5-fluorouracil[edit]. A common cytotoxic chemotherapy used in a variety of cancers, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), ... "Digital karyotyping identifies thymidylate synthase amplification as a mechanism of resistance to 5-fluorouracil in metastatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_evolution_in_cancer

Fluorouracil cream[edit]. Topical fluorouracil (5-FU) destroys AKs by blocking methylation of thymidylate synthetase, thereby ... Robins, P; Gupta, AK (August 2002). "The use of topical fluorouracil to treat actinic keratosis". Cutis. 70 (2 Suppl): 4-7. ... Askew, DA; Mickan, SM; Soyer, HP; Wilkinson, D (May 2009). "Effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil treatment for actinic keratosis--a ... Gupta, AK; Davey, V; Mcphail, H (October 2005). "Evaluation of the effectiveness of imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinic_keratosis

For example, both uracil and 5-fluorouracil are colourless, high-melting crystalline solids, but the latter is a potent anti- ... In 1957, the anticancer activity of 5-fluorouracil was described. This report provided one of the first examples of rational ... Examples include 5-fluorouracil, fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), mefloquine, and fluconazole. ... Examples include 5-fluorouracil, flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofluorine_chemistry

5-FLUOROURACIL 201. FLUDARABINE 202. FLUFENAMIC ACIDS 203. FLUNARIZINE HDROCHLORIDE 204. FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedule_H

The fluoropyrimidines include fluorouracil and capecitabine. Fluorouracil is a nucleobase analogue that is metabolised in cells ... "Body Surface Area-based Dosing of 5-Fluorouracil Results in Extensive Interindividual Variability in 5-Fluorouracil Exposure in ... 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, oxaliplatin. FOLFOX. There are a number of strategies in the administration of chemotherapeutic ... "Modeling the 5-fluorouracil area under the curve versus dose relationship to develop a pharmacokinetic dosing algorithm for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapeutics

DHH 5-fluorouracil toxicity; 274270; DPYD 6-mercaptopurine sensitivity; 610460; TPMT Aarskog-Scott syndrome; 305400; FGD1 ABCD ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCG2

A regimen of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and methotrexate was shown to prolong survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer ... Murad AM, Santiago FF, Petroianu A, Rocha PR, Rodrigues MA, Rausch M (July 1993). "Modified therapy with 5-fluorouracil, ... Will CL, Dolnick BJ (December 1989). "5-Fluorouracil inhibits dihydrofolate reductase precursor mRNA processing and/or nuclear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrofolate_reductase

Fluorouracil vs fluorouracil and doxorubicin vs fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin. „JAMA". 253 (14), s. 2061-2067, Apr ... Docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil; docetaxel and cisplatin; and epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil as systemic ... Phase III study of docetaxel and cisplatin plus fluorouracil compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil as first-line therapy for ... Docetaxel and Cisplatin Plus Fluorouracil compared with Modified Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil as first-line therapy ...

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rak_żołądka_człowieka

The fluoropyrimidines include fluorouracil and capecitabine. Fluorouracil is a nucleobase analogue that is metabolised in cells ... Topical chemotherapies, such as 5-fluorouracil, are used to treat some cases of non-melanoma skin cancer. If the cancer has ... Capecitabine is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil that is broken down in cells to produce the active drug. The deoxynucleoside ... Kaldate RR, Haregewoin A, Grier CE, Hamilton SA, McLeod HL (2012). "Modeling the 5-fluorouracil area under the curve versus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy

Chemotherapeutic options include: Cyclophosphamide plus methotrexate plus fluorouracil (CMF). Cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin ... plus fluorouracil (CAF). Trastuzumab (monoclonal antibody therapy). Hormonal options include: Orchiectomy.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

Ansfield proposed that dosages of a new drug, 5-Fluorouracil, be increased in the treatment of incurable cancer to find if it ... He was a leader in applying 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) to humans, demonstrating its effectiveness as a chemotherapy drug. Ansfield ... His first faculty assignment was testing 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil), a new drug conceptualized and developed by Professor Charles ... ANSFIELD, FJ; SCHROEDER, JM; CURRERI, AR (July 28, 1962). "Five Years Clinical Experience with 5-Fluorouracil". JAMA. 181 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_J._Ansfield

... and 5-fluorouracil. FAC (or CAF): 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide. AC (or CA): Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and ... FEC: 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. AT: Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and Taxotere (docetaxel). Since chemotherapy ... "Breakthrough - CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil)". 2009-01-06. Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer_chemotherapy

Cyclophosphamide Methotrexate Fluorouracil (CMF) is a commonly used regimen of breast cancer chemotherapy that combines three ... 2002). "The feasibility of classical cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF) for pre- and post-menopausal node- ... "CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil)". UK: Breakthrough Breast Cancer. Archived from the original on 2009-01 ... and fluorouracil (CMF) followed by radiation for stage III breast cancer: a phase II trial (CALGB 8944)". Breast Cancer Res. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMF_(chemotherapy)

Topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, Efudex, Carac) has been shown to be an effective therapy for diffuse, but minor actinic cheilitis ... 5-fluorouracil works by blocking DNA synthesis. Cells that are rapidly growing need more DNA, so they accumulate more 5- ... Treatment options include 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, scalpel vermillionectomy, chemical peel, electrosurgery, and carbon ... fluorouracil, resulting in their death. Normal skin is much less affected. The treatment usually takes 2-4 weeks depending on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinic_cheilitis

Bhadra D, Bhadra S, Jain S, Jain NK (May 2003). "A PEGylated dendritic nanoparticulate carrier of fluorouracil". International ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrimer

5-fluorouracil, capecitabine). High consumption of Energy drinks have been associated with variant angina. In addition, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variant_angina

Longley, DB; Harkin DP; Johnston PG (May 2003). "5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies". Nat. Rev. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foldamer

... and fluorouracil Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil. Docetaxel and cyclophosphamide. Docetaxel,[doxorubicin, and ... A series of studies has established that 6 months of chemotherapy with either gemcitabine or fluorouracil, as compared with ... Studies have shown that fluorouracil is an effective adjuvant chemotherapy among patients with microsatellite stability or low- ... July 2003). "Tumor microsatellite-instability status as a predictor of benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjuvant_therapy

Longley, D. B.; Harkin, D. P.; Johnston, P. G. (2003). "5-Fluorouracil: Mechanisms of action and clinical strategies". Nature ... methotrexate and fluorouracil. The phenomenon was first reported in 1954 by Hazel D. Barner and Seymour S. Cohen in Escherichia ... "The Mode of Action of 5-Fluorouracil and Its Derivatives". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymineless_death

August 2009). "Identification of genes conferring resistance to 5-fluorouracil". Proceedings of the National Academy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTDH

Treatment with a laser and topical 5-fluorouracil". J Reprod Med. 37 (5): 453-6. PMID 1324311. "Michael Brodman, M.D. = Female ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_L._Brodman

"Identification of genes conferring resistance to 5-fluorouracil". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFCP2

Fluorouracil: Folinic acid may increase the toxicity associated with fluorouracil if the two are administered together. Some ... It is also used in combination with 5-fluorouracil to treat colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer, may be used to treat ... In this case, folinic acid is not used for "rescue" purposes; rather, it enhances the effect of 5-fluorouracil by inhibiting ... Folinic acid is also used in combination with the chemotherapy agent 5-fluorouracil in treating colon cancer. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folinic_acid

Weiss, E; Amini, S (2007). "A Novel Treatment for Knuckle Pads With Intralesional Fluorouracil". Arch Dermatol. 143 (11): 1447- ... there has been some effectiveness with intralesional fluorouracil. Skin lesion List of cutaneous conditions Garrod's pad Mackey ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuckle_pads

... fluorouracil and ingenol mebutate; radiation therapy; and surgical excision, including Mohs surgery (microscopically controlled ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_salve

Keratosis can also be treated by using cryotherapy or fluorouracil. In more severe cases of XP, even minuscule amounts of UV ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeroderma_pigmentosum

When elemental fluorine reacts with uracil, they produce 5-fluorouracil. 5-Fluorouracil is an anticancer drug (antimetabolite) ... Because 5-fluorouracil is similar in shape to, but does not undergo the same chemistry as, uracil, the drug inhibits RNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uracil

... and fluorouracil (or "CMF"). Most chemotherapy medications work by destroying fast-growing and/or fast-replicating cancer cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer

1st occurrence: Reduce fluorouracil by 50%. 2ndoccurrence: Omit fluorouracil. Hand foot syndrome (link to Hand foot syndrome ( ... Fluorouracil continuous infusion (irritant). Connect pump containing fluorouracil and administer over the correct time for the ... Increased toxicity of fluorouracil due to reduced clearance. Avoid combination or monitor for fluorouracil toxicity. ... 2ndoccurrence: Reduce fluorouracil by 25%. Grade 3 or Grade 4. Delay treatment until toxicity has resolved to Grade 1 or less ...

https://www.eviq.org.au/medical-oncology/head-and-neck/nasopharyngeal/1208-nasopharyngeal-locally-advanced-adjuvant-carb

Fluorouracil continuous infusion (irritant). Connect pump containing fluorouracil and administer over the correct time for the ... Increased toxicity of fluorouracil due to reduced clearance. Avoid combination or monitor for fluorouracil toxicity. ... 2ndoccurrence: Reduce fluorouracil 25%. Grade 3. Delay treatment until toxicity has resolved to Grade 1 or less and reduce the ... Arm 1 (TPF): docetaxel 75mg/m2 and cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 1 followed by fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2/day from day 1 to day 4 Arm ...

https://www.eviq.org.au/medical-oncology/head-and-neck/induction-chemotherapy/588-head-and-neck-scc-local-advanced-induction-tpf

Web Resources: Fluorouracil. Latest Research Publications. Web Resources: Fluorouracil (6 links). 5-Fluorouracil - Substance ... Home > Treatments > Chemotherapy > Drugs > Fluorouracil Fluorouracil. "A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic ... Topical 5% 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of multifocal basal cell carcinoma of the face: A novel chemotherapeutic approach.. ... BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been a mainstay of chemotherapy for gastric cancer. Vandetanib is a tyrosine kinase ...

http://www.cancerindex.org/Fluorouracil

... has role xenobiotic (CHEBI:35703) 5-fluorouracil (CHEBI:46345) is a nucleobase analogue (CHEBI: ... 5-fluorouracil (CHEBI:46345) has functional parent uracil (CHEBI:17568) 5-fluorouracil (CHEBI:46345) has role antimetabolite ( ... 5-fluorouracil (CHEBI:46345) has role antineoplastic agent (CHEBI:35610) 5-fluorouracil (CHEBI:46345) has role environmental ... 5-fluorouracil (CHEBI:46345) has role immunosuppressive agent (CHEBI:35705) 5-fluorouracil (CHEBI:46345) has role ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:46345

Fluorouracil Topical: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Apply fluorouracil cream with a nonmetal applicator, a glove, or your finger. If you apply fluorouracil cream with your finger ... Before using fluorouracil,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to fluorouracil or any other medications. ... This is a sign that fluorouracil is working. Do not stop using fluorouracil unless your doctor has told you to do so. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a605010.html

Fluorouracil Injection: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Fluorouracil is also used to treat cancer of the pancreas and stomach cancer. Fluorouracil is in a class of medications called ... Before receiving fluorouracil,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to fluorouracil or any of the ingredients ... If you become pregnant while receiving fluorouracil injection, call your doctor. Fluorouracil may harm the fetus. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682708.html

A list of US medications equivalent to Fluorouracil Tillomed is available on the Drugs.com website. ... Fluorouracil Tillomed is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. ... Ingredient matches for Fluorouracil Tillomed. Fluorouracil. Fluorouracil is reported as an ingredient of Fluorouracil Tillomed ... Fluorouracil Tillomed. Fluorouracil Tillomed may be available in the countries listed below. ...

https://www.drugs.com/international/fluorouracil-tillomed.html

Fluorouracil injection or infusion, capecitabine, or tegafur should not be administered to patients with a known complete DPD ... Pretreatment testing is also not needed for patients who are treated with topical fluorouracil, which is used for a variety of ... Patients with cancer who are to receive fluorouracil (multiple brands) given by injection or infusion should be tested for lack ... There appears to be inconsistency among oncologists about the issue of DPD testing prior to using fluorouracil, as previously ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/926885

Bhat G. Retrospective study of oxaliplatin, leucovarin and 5 fluoruracil regimen in patients with advanced gastric cancer with poor performance status: A study at a tertiary center of South India. South Asian Journal of Cancer 7: 223-225, No. 4, Dec 2018. Available from: URL: http://doi.org/10.4103/sajc.sajc_1_18 - India ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40278-018-55316-3

Fluorouracils efficacy is decreased when used alongside allopurinol, which can be used to decrease fluorouracil induced ... "Fluorouracil". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Fluorouracil Topical". MedlinePlus. Medicine portal ... "fluorouracil" is the INN, USAN, USP name, and BAN. The form "5-fluorouracil" is often used; it shows that there is a fluorine ... Fluorouracil was patented in 1956 and came into medical use in 1962. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorouracil

Fluorouracil cream 0.5%, contains fluorouracil for topical dermatologic use. Chemically, fluorouracil is 5-fluoro-2,4(1H, 3H)- ... fluorouracil (UNII: U3P01618RT) (fluorouracil - UNII:U3P01618RT). fluorouracil. 5 mg in 1 g. ... Fluorouracil cream 0.5% may harm your unborn child. * if you are nursing a baby. We do not know if fluorouracil cream 0.5% can ... FLUOROURACIL- fluorouracil cream To receive this label RSS feed. Copy the URL below and paste it into your RSS Reader ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a8857fe2-0bd1-4111-9eba-1eac25516e2e

5-fluorouracil (thing). See all of 5-fluorouracil, no other writeups in this node. ...

https://everything2.com/user/BioTech/writeups/5-fluorouracil

A Moderate Drug Interaction exists between fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. View detailed information regarding this drug ... Using fluorouracil together with oxaliplatin or other chemotherapy drugs may increase the risk of side effects, especially ...

https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/fluorouracil-with-oxaliplatin-1113-0-1760-0.html

Cisplatin and fluorouracil (5FU) chemotherapy treats cancers of the gullet (oesophagus), head and neck, and anus. It may also ... Cisplatin and fluorouracil (5FU) can cause side effects. Some of the side effects can be serious, so it is important to read ... Cisplatin and fluorouracil (5FU) are usually given into a vein. You usually have it as an outpatient or during a hospital stay ... Rarely, fluorouracil can cause severe side effects in people who have low levels of an enzyme called DPD. This is called having ...

https://www.macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/treating/chemotherapy/drugs-and-combination-regimens/combination-chemotherapy/cisplatin-and-fluorouracil.html

fluorouracil (as fluorouracil sodium) 50 MG/ML Injectable Solution. SY. 11. 239177. fluorouracil 2.5 GM per 50 ML Injectable ... Withhold fluorouracil for neurologic toxicity. (5.4). * Diarrhea: Fluorouracil can cause severe diarrhea. Withhold fluorouracil ... FLUOROURACIL (UNII: U3P01618RT) (FLUOROURACIL - UNII:U3P01618RT) FLUOROURACIL. 2.5 g in 50 mL. ... FLUOROURACIL (UNII: U3P01618RT) (FLUOROURACIL - UNII:U3P01618RT) FLUOROURACIL. 5 g in 100 mL. ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b90e0da7-f702-4f09-9488-74f2bb20e9ac&audience=consumer

Find treatment reviews for Fluorouracil from other patients. Learn from their experiences about effectiveness, side effects and ...

https://www.patientslikeme.com/treatment/fluorouracil?sort=helpfulness

Fluorouracil works by causing the death of cells which are growing fastest, such as abnormal skin cells. Fluorouracil topical ( ... for the skin) is used to treat scaly overgrowths of skin (actinic or solar keratoses). Fluorouracil topical may also be used in ... Fluorouracil interferes with the growth of skin cells. ... What is fluorouracil topical?. Fluorouracil interferes with the ... Fluorouracil topical (for the skin) is used to treat scaly overgrowths of skin (actinic or solar keratoses). Fluorouracil ...

https://www.cigna.com/individuals-families/health-wellness/hw/medications/fluorouracil-topical-d03204a1

Fluorouracil) may treat, uses, dosage, side effects, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and related ... One gram of fluorouracil is soluble in 100 mL of propylene glycol. The molecular weight of 5-fluorouracil is 130.08 and the ... fluorouracil and 25-mL drop dispensers containing either 2% (NDC 0187- 3202-02) or 5% (NDC 0187-3203-02) fluorouracil on a ... fluorouracil was inactive at oral doses of 5 to 80 mg/kg/day. In female rats, fluorouracil administered intraperitoneally at ...

https://www.rxlist.com/efudex-drug.htm

If you or someone close to you has been diagnosed with cancer, youre not alone. Find out what to expect, get information, practical advice and support, hear from experts and read about other peoples experiences.

https://www.macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/lung-cancer/small-cell-lung-cancer/treating/chemotherapy/drugs-and-combination-regimens/combination-chemotherapy/docetaxel-and-cisplatin.html

Fluorouracil. Regulatory process names 3 CAS names 1 IUPAC names 9 Other identifiers 7 ...

https://www.echa.europa.eu/et/web/guest/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.078

Find the most comprehensive real-world treatment information on Fluorouracil at PatientsLikeMe. 7 patients with fibromyalgia, ... bipolar I disorder or psoriasis currently take Fluorouracil. ... Stopped taking Fluorouracil Duration. Patients. This item is ... Why patients stopped taking Fluorouracil. Multiple reasons could be selected. Reason. Patients. This item is relevant to you: ... Fluorouracil is an antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of carcinomas of the breast, colon, head and neck, pancreas, ...

https://www.patientslikeme.com/treatments/show/26781-adrucil-side-effects-and-efficacy

... J Microencapsul. Nov-Dec 1999;16(6):741-9. doi: 10.1080/ ... 5-Fluorouracil was incorporated in the matrix for the possible use of the microspheres in chemoembolization. The size and size ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10575626/

Fluorouracil *5-Fluracil *Fluracilum *Fluoro uracil *Fluoro-uracile *Fluracil *Fluril *FU *5-FU *NSC 19893 *Phthoruracil *Ro-2- ... 5-fluorouracil [ref: 5]. 5-Fluorouracil induced micronuclei and aneuploidy but not specific locus mutations in mice treated in ... 5-FLUOROURACIL. (Group 3). For definition of Groups, see Preamble Evaluation. Supplement 7: (1987) (p. 210). CAS No.: 51-21-8. ... 5-Fluorouracil is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).. For definition of the italicized terms, see ...

http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/suppl7/fluorouracil5.html

Fluorouracil (Adrucil). How does this medicine work?. Fluorouracil (floor-oh-your-uh-sill) destroys cancer cells in all phases ... Fluorouracil has a bitter taste, so give it with flavored water or a non-citrus drink such as apple juice. Do not use ...

https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/childrensmn/article/15729/fluorouracil-adrucil/

Fluorouracil is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent. Fluorouracil is labeled for the palliative management of breast, colon ... Fluorouracil Injection. Reason for the Shortage. * *Accord has flourouracil available.[1]. *Fresenius Kabi has flourouracil ... Fluorouracil is used off-label for a variety of neoplastic diseases including ovarian, cervical, bladder, hepatic, prostate, ... No single agent can be substituted for fluorouracil.[4,5,6]. *Consider evaluating the health-care systems total supply of ...

https://www.ashp.org/drug-shortages/current-shortages/Drug-Shortage-Detail.aspx?id=217

Cisplatin, fluorouracil, and docetaxel in unresectable head and neck cancer.. Vermorken JB1, Remenar E, van Herpen C, Gorlia T ... Phase 2 studies suggest that the standard regimen of cisplatin and fluorouracil (PF) plus docetaxel (TPF) improves outcomes in ... As compared with the standard regimen of cisplatin and fluorouracil, induction chemotherapy with the addition of docetaxel ... fluorouracil by continuous infusion, days 1 to 5) or PF every 3 weeks for four cycles. Patients without progression of disease ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17960012?dopt=Abstract

... and those of levamisole plus fluorouracil were essentially the same as those of fluorouracil alone--i.e., nausea, vomiting, ... Levamisole and fluorouracil for adjuvant therapy of resected colon carcinoma.. Moertel CG1, Fleming TR, Macdonald JS, Haller DG ... Levamisole and fluorouracil for adjuvant therapy of resected colon carcinoma. [N Engl J Med. 1990] ... We conclude that adjuvant therapy with levamisole and fluorouracil should be standard treatment for Stage C colon carcinoma. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2300087?dopt=Abstract

A topical formulation containing the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), with antineoplastic activity. Upon topical ... topical fluorouracil A topical formulation containing the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), with antineoplastic activity. ... topical 5-fluorouracil. US brand name:. Carac. Efudex. Fluoroplex. Tolak. Foreign brand name:. Actino-Hermal. Arumel. Cytosafe ...

https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug/def/topical-fluorouracil

NEI Press Release-Fluorouracil Improves Glaucoma Surgery Outcome Publications: Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study one-year ... Five-year follow-up of the Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study. The Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study Group. Am J ... Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study (FFSS). The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the ... The Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study (FFSS) was a randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing the success rate of ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00000122

33 Studies found for: Bile Duct Cancer , Fluorouracil. Also searched for Cholangiocarcinoma, 5 Fluorouracil, and 5-FU. See ... Nal-IRI With 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Leucovorin or Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin in Advanced Biliary-tract Cancer. * ... Irinotecan, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin in Treating Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer. *Anal Cancer ... XL119 Versus 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) Plus Leucovorin (LV) in Subjects With Advanced Biliary Tumors. *Biliary Tract Cancer ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=%22Bile+Duct+Cancer%22&intr=%22Fluorouracil%22

Fluorouracil injection should be given in a hospital or medical facility under the supervision of a doctor who is experienced in giving chemotherapy medications for cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
Fluorouracil (5-FU), sold under the brand name Adrucil among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Using fluorouracil together with oxaliplatin or other chemotherapy drugs may increase the risk of side effects, especially those that affect the bone marrow or gastrointestinal tract. (drugs.com)
Cisplatin and fluorouracil (5FU) is a combination chemotherapy treatment used to treat cancers of the gullet (oesophagus), head and neck, and anus. (macmillan.org.uk)
Chemotherapy agents, such as fluorouracil, pose additional safety risks both for patients and for healthcare workers handling these agents. (ashp.org)
Consider evaluating the health-care system's total supply of fluorouracil before beginning patients on combination chemotherapy regimens containing fluorouracil. (ashp.org)
As compared with the standard regimen of cisplatin and fluorouracil, induction chemotherapy with the addition of docetaxel significantly improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with unresectable squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (nih.gov)
4 Errors with fluorouracil are often caused by dose miscalculations, confusion between the dose per day and the total dose to infuse over multiple days, infusion pump programming errors, lack of pump programming safeguards, use of the wrong type of infusion pump in outpatient settings, failed independent double checks, confusing pharmacy labels, and lack of familiarity with the chemotherapy protocol. (ismp.org)
The chemotherapy drug fluorouracil is normally given together with other drugs to treat pancreatic cancer. (pancreaticcancer.org.uk)
Fluorouracil is normally given together with other chemotherapy drugs as part of the chemotherapy treatments FOLFOX and FOLFIRINOX . (pancreaticcancer.org.uk)
1.1 The My5‑FU assay is only recommended for use in research for guiding dose adjustment in people having fluorouracil chemotherapy by continuous infusion. (nice.org.uk)
FLUOROURACIL, 5-FU (flure oh YOOR a sil) is a chemotherapy drug. (ahealthyme.com)
Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as mitomycin, fluorouracil, and capecitabine, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. (rochester.edu)
PURPOSE: This phase I trial is studying biomarker-guided fluorouracil in treating patients with colorectal cancer receiving combination chemotherapy. (bioportfolio.com)
To determine whether 4 courses of pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy improves the ability to achieve a targeted area under the curve (20 to 25 mg*hr/L) in patients with colorectal cancer receiving mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy as compared to historical non-PK-guided therapy in patients treated with a similar FOLFOX regimen. (bioportfolio.com)
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as leucovorin, fluorouracil, capecitabine, and oxaliplatin, use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. (bioportfolio.com)
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as oxaliplatin, leucovorin calcium, and fluorouracil, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or b. (bioportfolio.com)
The recommended standard of care for patients after resection of stage III colon cancer is adjuvant 5FU-based chemotherapy - FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin with oxaliplatin) - or CAPOX (capecitabine. (bioportfolio.com)
Evaluation of a 30-gene paclitaxel, fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy response predictor in a multicenter randomized trial in breast cancer. (curehunter.com)
Phase 2 trial of primary systemic therapy with doxorubicin and docetaxel followed by surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil based on clinical and pathologic response in patients with stage IIB to III breast cancer : long-term results from the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Study ID97-099. (curehunter.com)
Fluorouracil is a chemotherapy drug that is administered intravenously and indicated for the treatment of a variety of cancers. (businesswire.com)
3 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the basis of standard chemotherapy for CRC. (dovepress.com)
Six hundred patients have been treated with 5-Fluorouracil for disseminated neoplastic disease by the staff of one chemotherapy unit over the past 6 years. (annals.org)
This study describes the inheritance of a defect in pyrimidine catabolism and its association with drug-induced toxicity in a patient receiving 5-fluorouracil (FUra) as adjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma. (researchgate.net)
I. To determine the clinical/radiographic complete and partial response rate after induction chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil (TPF). (centerwatch.com)
INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive docetaxel intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on day 1, cisplatin IV over 30-180 minutes or carboplatin IV on day 1, and fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-4. (centerwatch.com)

These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ADRUCIL (FLUOROURACIL INJECTION) safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
See full prescribing information for ADRUCIL (FLUOROURACIL INJECTION). (nih.gov)
What is fluorouracil (Adrucil)? (emedicinehealth.com)
What is the most important information I should know about fluorouracil (Adrucil)? (emedicinehealth.com)
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before receiving fluorouracil (Adrucil)? (emedicinehealth.com)
How is fluorouracil given (Adrucil)? (emedicinehealth.com)
What should I avoid while receiving fluorouracil (Adrucil)? (emedicinehealth.com)
All of us determine that in ganglionic restriction, the particular SVR reaction to endemic ADRB2 agonist can be suggestive of enhanced ADRB2 function throughout Gly16 + Glu27 homozygotes, using http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Adrucil(Fluorouracil).html greater impact coming from Gly16, providing even more evidence in which ADRB2 gene variance has a bearing on vasodilatation. (dailystrength.org)

To determine the toxicity and tolerability of intra-arterial hepatic oxaliplatin every three weeks administered in combination with systemic intravenous Fluorouracil, Leucovorin and bevacizumab to patients with advanced solid tumors metastatic to the liver. (clinicaltrials.gov)
To study the highest tolerable dose of oxaliplatin used in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and Avastin® (bevacizumab) for patients with advanced cancer that has spread to the liver. (clinicaltrials.gov)
cancer receiving fluorouracil in combination with oxaliplatin and leucovorin calcium may help doctors learn how fluorouracil works in the body and how patients will respond to treatment. (bioportfolio.com)
Standard mFOLFOX6 (course 1): Patients receive fluorouracil IV bolus over 1-5 minutes followed by fluorouracil IV continuously over 46 hours, oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours, and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours on day 1. (bioportfolio.com)
PK-guided mFOLFOX6 (course 2-4): Patients receive fluorouracil bolus, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin calcium as in course 1. (bioportfolio.com)
This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of MEK inhibitor MEK162 when given together with leucovorin calcium, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin in treating patients with advan. (bioportfolio.com)
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the efficacy of oxaliplatin in combination with fluorouracil in terms of response rate, time to tumor progression, and overall survival in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. (knowcancer.com)
Patients receive oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours once every 2 weeks and fluorouracil IV and leucovorin calcium IV once weekly. (knowcancer.com)
Commonly used treatment regimens also combine 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid with other chemotherapeutic agents such as Irinotecan (FOLFIRI and FLIRI), Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or both Irinotecan and Oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX). (medicines.org.uk)

Your doctor may not want you to receive fluorouracil injection. (medlineplus.gov)
Patients with cancer who are to receive fluorouracil (multiple brands) given by injection or infusion should be tested for lack of an enzyme called dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) prior to the initiation of treatment, says the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) safety body, the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC). (medscape.com)
If you miss an appointment to receive fluorouracil, contact your doctor as soon as possible to reschedule your appointment. (medbroadcast.com)
Arm II: Patients receive fluorouracil IV continuously on days 1-28. (bioportfolio.com)
Patients also receive fluorouracil* IV continuously as determined by the PK-guided analysis. (bioportfolio.com)

Fluorouracil injection or infusion, capecitabine, or tegafur should not be administered to patients with a known complete DPD deficiency, as a complete lack of this enzyme will put them at a high risk of severe and life-threatening side effects, the committee warns. (medscape.com)
In addition, regular monitoring of fluorouracil blood levels is needed for patients receiving the agent by continuous infusion. (medscape.com)
fluorouracil by continuous infusion, days 1 to 5) or PF every 3 weeks for four cycles. (nih.gov)
The most recently reported error with fluorouracil involved a young patient who received 4,500 mg of fluorouracil IV within 2 hours of starting the infusion, which was supposed to infuse over 46 hours. (ismp.org)
The patient had received 4,500 mg of fluorouracil via a new CADD ambulatory infusion pump that was connected and programmed in an outpatient oncology center. (ismp.org)
Last month, we learned about an error involving a patient who was to receive 4,000 mg of fluorouracil by IV infusion at 2 mL per hour over 4 days, but he accidentally received the entire 4-day dose in less than 1 hour. (ismp.org)
As a result, they ordered the Easypump as a back-up, and thus, a pump with the wrong flow rate was used to deliver the fluorouracil infusion. (ismp.org)
Fluorouracil is given as an injection or an infusion into a vein. (pancreaticcancer.org.uk)
A novel peritoneal carrier solution, Icodextrin 20 (7.5%), has allowed exploration of prolonged, intraperitoneal (i.p.) infusion of the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). (nih.gov)
NOTE: *The continuous infusion fluorouracil dose adjustment is calculated based on the results of PK plasma concentrations and the corresponding AUC from the preceding course. (bioportfolio.com)
I. To determine the recommended dose of PDX (pralatrexate) given in combination with a fixed dose of 5-FU (fluorouracil) administered as a 48-hour infusion given every other week. (knowcancer.com)
5-fluorouracil can be administered by intravenous injection as bolus, infusion or continuous infusion for up to several days. (medicines.org.uk)
We have attempted to evaluate the degree to which hepatic arterial infusion of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) or 5-fluorouracil produces higher hepatic and lower systemic drug concentrations than are achieved with corresponding peripheral venous infusions. (aacrjournals.org)
With hepatic arterial drug infusion, 94 to 99% of FdUrd and 19 to 51% of fluorouracil is extracted in one pass. (aacrjournals.org)
Hepatic venous levels, which are one measure of intrahepatic drug concentration in the hepatic and tumor capillary bed, were 4-fold higher for FdUrd infusion and 1.5-fold higher for fluorouracil infusion when drug was given by the hepatic arterial route. (aacrjournals.org)
Systemic fluorouracil levels with hepatic arterial infusion were also lower and were about 60% of corresponding systemic levels with peripheral venous infusion. (aacrjournals.org)
These results support hepatic arterial infusion as a means to improve the therapeutic index of FdUrd and fluorouracil in the treatment of cancer in the liver. (aacrjournals.org)

Treatment with fluorouracil injection may cause serious side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
Fluorouracil injection comes as a solution (liquid) to be given intravenously (into a vein) by a doctor or nurse in a medical facility. (medlineplus.gov)
It is important for you to tell your doctor how you are feeling during your treatment with fluorouracil injection. (medlineplus.gov)
tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to fluorouracil or any of the ingredients in fluorouracil injection. (medlineplus.gov)
You should not become pregnant or breast-feed while you are receiving fluorouracil injection. (medlineplus.gov)
1% frequency): Local pain Itchiness Burning Stinging Crusting Weeping Dermatitis Photosensitivity Uncommon (0.1-1% frequency): hyper- or hypopigmentation Scarring The United States package insert warns that acute cerebellar syndrome has been observed following injection of fluorouracil and may persist after cessation of treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Contact your doctor if you miss an appointment for your fluorouracil injection. (wellspan.org)
Fluorouracil is available as an intravenous (into the vein) injection. (medbroadcast.com)
Seen here is an example of product packaging associated with the July 1, 2019 recall of Fluorouracil Injection by Fresenius Kabi USA. (businesswire.com)
LAKE ZURICH, Ill.--( BUSINESS WIRE )--Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC is voluntarily recalling two lots of Fluorouracil Injection, USP 5g/100mL (50mg/mL), 100mL fill in 100mL vials, to the user level due to the potential for glass particulate. (businesswire.com)

Fluorouracil is in the antimetabolite and pyrimidine analog families of medications. (wikipedia.org)
Efudex Solutions and Cream are topical preparations containing the fluorinated pyrimidine 5- fluorouracil, an antineoplastic antimetabolite . (rxlist.com)
Fluorouracil is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent. (ashp.org)
A topical formulation containing the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), with antineoplastic activity. (cancer.gov)
Fluorouracil is a type of antimetabolite. (cancer.gov)
Fluorouracil (USP, INN), also known as 5-fluorouracil or 5-FU, chemically 5-fluoro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione, is a fluorinated nucleoside known to be useful as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. (google.com)

Allopurinol has been shown to decrease the gastro-intestinal and bone marrow toxicity of 5-fluorouracil. (unboundmedicine.com)
Tsavaris N, Caragiauris P, Kosmidis P. Reduction of oral toxicity of 5-fluorouracil by allopurinol mouthwashes. (unboundmedicine.com)

5-Fluorouracil was tested by intravenous administration in mice and rats and by oral administration in rats. (inchem.org)

Evaluation of 5-fluorouracil degradation rate and Pharmacogenetic profiling to predict toxicity following adjuvant Capecitabine. (cancerindex.org)
On account of the lack of predictive biomarkers of toxicity, we investigated whether polymorphisms of genes involved in fluoropyrimidine metabolism and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) degradation rate were associated with outcomes of adjuvant capecitabine in patients with early stage gastrointestinal cancers. (cancerindex.org)
Levamisole and fluorouracil for adjuvant therapy of resected colon carcinoma. (nih.gov)
We conclude that adjuvant therapy with levamisole and fluorouracil should be standard treatment for Stage C colon carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Kelder W, Hospers GA and Plukker JT: Effects of 5-fluorouracil adjuvant treatment of colon cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)

Cisplatin and fluorouracil (5FU) are usually given into a vein. (macmillan.org.uk)
Cisplatin and fluorouracil (5FU) can cause side effects. (macmillan.org.uk)
Phase 2 studies suggest that the standard regimen of cisplatin and fluorouracil (PF) plus docetaxel (TPF) improves outcomes in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (nih.gov)
This phase II trial studies how well docetaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil work in treating patients with previously untreated stage II-IV nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinus cancer. (centerwatch.com)
Treatment with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil was active in advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma. (ascopost.com)
In a French phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology , Kim et al found that treatment with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (DCF) was active in patients with metastatic or unresectable locally recurrent anal squamous cell carcinoma. (ascopost.com)

What is the dosage of Fluorouracil? (medindia.net)

Pretreatment testing is also not needed for patients who are treated with topical fluorouracil, which is used for a variety of cutaneous conditions. (medscape.com)
As reported, topical fluorouracil causes epidermal injury, which stimulates wound healing and dermal remodeling resulting in improved appearance. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
The mechanism of topical fluorouracil in photo-aged skin is said to follow a predictable wound healing pattern similar to that of laser-treated photo-aging. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)

To investigate the possibility of enhancing an anti-metastatic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by combining it with continuous calcium supplementation. (cancerindex.org)
Fluorouracil cream and topical solution are also used to treat a type of skin cancer called superficial basal cell carcinoma if usual types of treatment cannot be used. (medlineplus.gov)
Fluorouracil is generally used in combination with other medications to treat colon cancer or rectal cancer (cancer that begins in the large intestine) that has gotten worse or spread to other parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Fluorouracil is used in combination with other medications to treat certain types of breast cancer after surgery to remove the tumor or radiation therapy. (medlineplus.gov)
Fluorouracil is also used to treat cancer of the pancreas and stomach cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
Fluorouracil (floor-oh- your -uh-sill) destroys cancer cells in all phases of cell life. (childrensmn.org)
Cisplatin, fluorouracil, and docetaxel in unresectable head and neck cancer. (nih.gov)
Twelve hundred ninety-six patients with resected colon cancer that either was locally invasive (Stage B2) or had regional nodal involvement (Stage C) were randomly assigned to observation or to treatment for one year with levamisole combined with fluorouracil. (nih.gov)
Among the patients with Stage C disease, therapy with levamisole plus fluorouracil reduced the risk of cancer recurrence by 41 percent (P less than 0.0001). (nih.gov)
Fluorouracil interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed. (mayoclinic.org)
Fluorouracil is being studied in the treatment of other conditions and types of cancer. (cancer.gov)
Fluorouracil is a cancer medication that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. (wellspan.org)
Combination cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil-induced takotsubo cardiomyopathy in oropharyngeal cancer: A case report. (springer.com)
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most effective drug in gastrointestinal cancer. (unboundmedicine.com)
Fluorouracil interferes with genetic material (DNA and RNA), which is necessary for the growth and reproduction of cancer cells. (medbroadcast.com)
As well as interfering with the genetic material DNA and RNA of cancer cells, fluorouracil can interfere with some of your normal cells. (medbroadcast.com)
phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of irofulven with that of fluorouracil in treating patients who have locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer that has not responded to previous treatment with gemcitabine. (bioportfolio.com)
Treatment for stage III colon cancer should be fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin. (cancernetwork.com)
Treatment for stage III rectal cancer should be radiation plus fluorouracil/leucovorin. (cancernetwork.com)
Fluorouracil reduces the size of the tumour by stopping cancer cells from growing. (mims.com)
Fluorouracil must be taken exactly as directed by your doctor in order for it to be effective in treating your cancer. (mims.com)
Koukourakis GV, Kouloulias V, Koukourakis MJ, Zacharias GA, Zabatis H, Kouvaris J. Efficacy of the Oral Fluorouracil Pro-drug Capecitabine in Cancer Treatment: a Review. (mdpi.com)
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the response rate of elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with fluorouracil-uracil and leucovorin calcium (Orzel). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Hwang PM, Bunz F, Yu J, et al: Ferredoxin reductase affects p53-dependent, 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

If you are using fluorouracil to treat basal cell carcinoma, you should continue using it until the lesions are gone. (medlineplus.gov)
Fluorouracil topical may also be used in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma. (cigna.com)
Fluorouracil Cream is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Actinic (Solar) Keratosis and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma . (rxlist.com)

In this manner, fluorouracil interferes with the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and to a lesser extent inhibits the formation of ribonucleic acid (RNA). (nih.gov)
Fluorouracil interferes with the growth of skin cells. (cigna.com)

Fluorouracil is in a class of medications called antimetabolites. (medlineplus.gov)
Fluorouracil belongs to the group of medicines known as antimetabolites. (mayoclinic.org)
Antimetabolites such as 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) are used to inhibit wound healing to prevent the conjunctiva scarring down on to the sclera. (cochrane.org)

The recommendation also applies to related drugs capecitabine ( Xeloda , Genentech) and tegafur, which are converted to fluorouracil in the body. (medscape.com)
Fluorouracil may not be suitable for you if you ever had an allergic reaction to capecitabine. (mims.com)
Capecitabine (Xeloda®) was developed as a pro-drug of fluorouracil (FU), with the aim of improving tolerability and intratumor drug concentrations through its tumorspecific conversion to the active drug. (mdpi.com)

OUTLINE: Patients receive oral fluorouracil-uracil and oral leucovorin calcium (Orzel) every 8 hours for 28 days. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Occasional case reports of exposure to 5-fluorouracil, especially in the presence of concurrent therapy with other putative carcinogens, such as ionizing radiation, alkylating agents and other potent oncotherapeutic drugs, do not constitute evidence of carcinogenesis [ref: 1]. (inchem.org)
The literature describes dozens of fluorouracil errors, 3,4 and an international study of medication errors involving cytotoxic drugs between 1996 and 2008 found that fluorouracil was most commonly involved. (ismp.org)
Clinically, TNBC patients are treated with cytotoxic drugs including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, treatment of TNBC patients is restricted to cytotoxic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), vinorelbine (VNB), paclitaxel (PTX), doxorubicin (DOX), and gemcitabine (GEM) ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This is a summary of a Cochrane review that looked at the effect of using one of these drugs, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). (cochrane.org)

What should I avoid while using fluorouracil topical? (cigna.com)

If you become pregnant while using fluorouracil , call your doctor immediately. (medlineplus.gov)

Fluorouracil can cause severe mucositis. (nih.gov)
In an attempt to diminish mucositis resulting from 5-fluorouracil administration, whilst not affecting its systemic anti-tumour activity, an allopurinol mouthwash has been used. (unboundmedicine.com)
In six patients who experienced mucositis when treated initially with 5-fluorouracil, the use of an allopurinol mouthwash with subsequent courses resulted in a reduction of oral toxicity. (unboundmedicine.com)
Here, we investigated the effect of BBR on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) using rat model. (greenmedinfo.com)
Comprehensive Assessment of Host Responses to 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Oral Mucositis through Transcriptomic Analysis. (sigmaaldrich.com)

docetaxel 40 mg/m 2 and cisplatin 40 mg/m 2 on day 1 and fluorouracil 1,200 mg/m 2 per day for 2 days every 2 weeks). (ascopost.com)

Each mL of sterile solution contains 50 mg fluorouracil. (medbroadcast.com)
1 ml of solution contains 50 mg of fluorouracil (as sodium salt formed in situ ). (medicines.org.uk)

Your first dose of fluorouracil will be given in a hospital setting where you can be closely watched in case the medication causes serious side effects. (wellspan.org)
The recommended dose of fluorouracil varies widely according to the specific condition being treated, the response to therapy, and the other medications being used. (medbroadcast.com)
The dose of fluorouracil is based on body size. (medbroadcast.com)

Valeriote and Santelli (2) believe that bolus doses of fluorouracil are the optimal mode of administration for RNA cytotoxicity. (annals.org)

Since DNA and RNA are essential for cell division and growth, the effect of fluorouracil may be to create a thymine deficiency that provokes unbalanced growth and death of the cell. (nih.gov)
Fatigue is a common side effect of fluorouracil. (pancreaticcancer.org.uk)

A modified intention-to-treat analysis found that fluorouracil had the best results, with a cumulative success rate of 75% (compared with 54% for imiquimod, 38% for methyl aminolevulinate with photodynamic therapy, and only 29% for ingenol mebutate). (aafp.org)

It is not known whether fluorouracil topical passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. (cigna.com)

Before you begin treatment with fluorouracil, you and your doctor should talk about the good this medicine will do as well as the risks of using it. (mayoclinic.org)

U.S. pricing based on GoodRx ( http://www.goodrx.com , April 12, 2019) was $83 for fluorouracil, $23 for imiquimod, and $1,037 for ingenol mebutate. (aafp.org)

5-fluorouracil should be administered only under the supervision of a qualified physician with extensive experience in cytotoxic treatment. (medicines.org.uk)
Treatment regimens vary in the combination of 5-fluorouracil with other cytotoxic agents or dose of concomitantly used folinic acid. (medicines.org.uk)

Patt YZ, Hassan MM, Lozano RD, Brown TD, Vauthey JN, Curley SA and Ellis LM: Phase II trial of systemic continuous fluorouracil and subcutaneous recombinant interferon alpha-2b for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)

To evaluate the efficacy and risks of complications of pulse dosing of topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the treatment of corneal intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (dovepress.com)

Toxic effects of levamisole alone were infrequent, usually consisting of mild nausea with occasional dermatitis or leukopenia, and those of levamisole plus fluorouracil were essentially the same as those of fluorouracil alone--i.e., nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, dermatitis, and leukopenia. (nih.gov)

Apply fluorouracil cream with a nonmetal applicator, a glove, or your finger. (medlineplus.gov)
If you apply fluorouracil cream with your finger, be sure to wash your hands well immediately afterwards. (medlineplus.gov)
Do not apply fluorouracil cream or topical solution to the eyelids or the eyes, nose, or mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
Clean the area where you will apply fluorouracil topical. (cigna.com)
Apply fluorouracil topical to the affected area with the finger tips or a non-metal applicator, smoothing it gently onto the affected skin. (cigna.com)

Fluorouracil may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
What are the possible side effects of fluorouracil topical? (cigna.com)
What are the possible side effects of fluorouracil topical (Carac, Efudex, Efudex Occlusion Pack, Fluoroplex)? (rxlist.com)
These are not all the possible side effects of Fluorouracil Cream. (rxlist.com)
Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of fluorouracil-adhesive bandage topical. (webmd.com)
How often you need fluorouracil injections will depend on many factors, including side effects and how your body responds to the medication. (wellspan.org)
Fluorouracil can cause side effects, but these can affect everyone differently, and you may not get all of the side effects mentioned here. (pancreaticcancer.org.uk)

Borner MM, Kneer J, Crevoisier C, Brunner KW, Cerny T (1993) Biovailability and feasibility of subcutaneous 5-fluorouracil. (springer.com)

The use of topical 5% fluorouracil is most likely to result in successful elimination of actinic keratoses in a field on the head or face. (aafp.org)
1. A topical composition for the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses, comprising, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable topical carrier,fluorouracil, and from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of said composition of Live Yeast Cell Derivative (LYCD), said fluorouracil being present in an amount effective to treat the multiple actinic keratoses of the skin. (patentgenius.com)
3. A method for treating multiple actinic keratoses of the skin of a human being, which comprises topically applying to said human being a composition comprising, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable topical carrier, fluorouracil, andfrom about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of said composition of Live Yeast Cell Derivative (LYCD), said fluorouracil being present in an amount effective to treat the multiple keratoses of the skin. (patentgenius.com)
Combination of Topical 5-Fluorouracil with Cryotherapy for Treatment of Actinic Keratoses. (ebscohost.com)

5-fluorouracil is preferably used along with folinic acid. (medicines.org.uk)

Efudex Cream contains 5% fluorouracil in a vanishing cream base consisting of white petrolatum, stearyl alcohol, propylene glycol, polysorbate 60, parabens (methyl and propyl), and purified water. (rxlist.com)
Efudex Cream is available in 40 g tubes containing 5% fluorouracil ( NDC 0187-3204-47) in a vanishing cream base consisting of white petrolatum, stearyl alcohol, propylene glycol, polysorbate 60, parabens (methyl and propyl), and purified water. (rxlist.com)

Fluorouracil/epinephrine injectable gel (5-FU/epi gel) was evaluated in vitro for its drug-release profile characteristics and in a mouse tumor model for its antitumor effectiveness. (springer.com)
In this study, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles were prepared in order to investigate potentials of localized drug delivery for tumor environment due to pH sensitivity of chitosan nanoparticles. (hindawi.com)
Random P2 Study of Postoperative Interferon/ Fluorouracil vs Low-dose Cisplatin/ Fluorouracil for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus. (patientsville.com)

A fluorouracil dose of 150 mg/kg in the 5-FU/epi gel given weekly for 13 weeks was not lethally toxic, whereas the same dose given as drug solution was 100% lethal, suggesting that the therapeutic index for 5-FU in the gel formulation may be much greater than that for aqueous drug solution delivered intratumorally. (springer.com)
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a frequently used antitumor drug. (spandidos-publications.com)
Even at dose rates of 0.5 to 40 mg/kg of body weight/hr for FdUrd and 5.6 mg/kg of body weight/hr for fluorouracil, steady state drug levels were achieved in the bloodstream in 30 to 40 min and hepatic extraction could be quantified. (aacrjournals.org)

Pretreatment with nitrates and/or calcium channel blockers failed to prevent recurrence of cardiotoxicity during 5 of 6 repeat 5-fluorouracil administrations. (biomedsearch.com)
This was due to the signficantly low recurrence rate with 5-fluorouracil in contrast to electrosurgery (8 and 48% respectively). (ebscohost.com)
Though electrosurgery yielded quicker initial results but 5-fluorouracil was better as long term measurer because of its significantly lower recurrence rates. (ebscohost.com)

Twenty patients had pharmacokinetic samples collected: 10 patients treated with fluorouracil cream 0.5% and 10 treated with Efudex ®† 5% Cream. (nih.gov)
however, only one patient receiving fluorouracil cream 0.5% and six patients receiving Efudex ® 5% Cream had a sufficient number of data points to calculate mean pharmacokinetic parameters. (nih.gov)
Patients undergo plasma sample collection periodically during study for pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided fluorouracil dose determination for courses 2-4. (bioportfolio.com)

Fluorouracil cream contains 0.5% fluorouracil, with 0.35% being incorporated into a patented porous microsphere (Microsponge ® ) composed of methyl methacrylate/glycol dimethacrylate crosspolymer and dimethicone. (nih.gov)

Adults and elderly patients receiving 5-fluorouracil should be monitored prior to each dose for haematological (platelet, leucocyte, and granulocyte counts), gastrointestinal (stomatitis, diarrhoea, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract), and neurological toxicity, and, if necessary, the dose of 5-fluorouracil may be either reduced or withheld. (medicines.org.uk)

Kemeny and colleagues (1) have reported a new side effect in patients given bolus fluorouracil and N -phosphonacetyl- L -aspartate (PALA). (annals.org)

Fluorouracil has a molecular weight of 130.08. (nih.gov)

Pancreatic Cancer Blog, Pancreatica Blog, Gemcitabine, 5-FU, Fluorouracil, Capecitabine, FOLFIRINOX, Abraxane, Tarceva, Gemzar ... (pancreatica.org)

Setd2 deficiency impairs hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and causes malignant transformation | Cell Research (nature.com)

Europe Recommends DPD Testing Before IV Fluorouracil (medscape.com)

RCSB PDB - URF Ligand Summary Page (rcsb.org)

Keloid and Hypertrophic Scar Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention, Standard Treatments (emedicine.medscape.com)

Fluorouracil Cream (Fluorouracil Cream): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning (rxlist.com)

Nail Psoriasis: Overview of Nail Psoriasis, Pathophysiology of Nail Psoriasis, Epidemiology of Nail Psoriasis (emedicine.medscape.com)

Porokeratosis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Long-Term Monitoring (emedicine.medscape.com)

Basal Cell Carcinoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Modalities and Guidelines, Topical Treatments (emedicine.medscape.com)

Fluorouracil/folinic-acid/oxaliplatin | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)

Frontiers | Impact of Dendrimers on Solubility of Hydrophobic Drug Molecules | Pharmacology (frontiersin.org)

Fluorouracil-adhesive bandage topical Reviews and User Ratings: Effectiveness, Ease of Use, and Satisfaction (webmd.com)

Fluorouracil (Intravenous Route, Injection Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic (mayoclinic.org)

Anatomy5

Diseases31

Chemicals and Drugs56

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes8

Information Science1

Health Care8

Intensive weekly chemotherapy is not effective in advanced pancreatic cancer patients: a report from the Italian Group for the Study of Digestive Tract Cancer (GISCAD). (1/6112)

Is early post-operative treatment with 5-fluorouracil possible without affecting anastomotic strength in the intestine? (2/6112)

Profound variation in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in human blood cells: major implications for the detection of partly deficient patients. (3/6112)

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency and fluorouracil-related toxicity. (4/6112)

Antitumor agents. I. Effect of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide on liver microsomes and thymus of rat. (5/6112)

Persistent induction of apoptosis and suppression of mitosis as the basis for curative therapy with S-1, an oral 5-fluorouracil prodrug in a colorectal tumor model. (6/6112)

Phase I study of eniluracil, a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inactivator, and oral 5-fluorouracil with radiation therapy in patients with recurrent or advanced head and neck cancer. (7/6112)

A Fas-dependent component in 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin-induced cytotoxicity in colon carcinoma cells. (8/6112)

Fluorouracil

Leucovorin

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols

Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP)

Organoplatinum Compounds

Drug Administration Schedule

Colorectal Neoplasms

Thymidylate Synthase

Cisplatin

Infusions, Intravenous

Camptothecin

Methotrexate

Uracil

Floxuridine

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant

Adenocarcinoma

Epirubicin

Fluorodeoxyuridylate

Combined Modality Therapy

Colonic Neoplasms

Treatment Outcome

Cyclophosphamide

Tegafur

Mitomycin

Antimetabolites

Survival Analysis

Semustine

Disease-Free Survival

Stomach Neoplasms

Doxorubicin

Rectal Neoplasms

Deoxycytidine

Levamisole

Antineoplastic Agents

Neoplasm Metastasis

Breast Neoplasms

Survival Rate

Infusions, Intra-Arterial

Stomatitis

Liver Neoplasms

Levoleucovorin

Bromouracil

Antidotes

Drug Synergism

Flucytosine

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Chronotherapy

Taxoids

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

Prodrugs

Head and Neck Neoplasms

Esophageal Neoplasms

Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate

Leukopenia

Neoplasm Staging

Mucositis

Drug Resistance, Neoplasm

Neutropenia

Neoadjuvant Therapy

Thymidine Phosphorylase

Cytosine Deaminase

Drug Evaluation

Injections, Intravenous

Pancreatic Neoplasms

Oxonic Acid

Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Nausea

Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

Hepatic Artery

Paclitaxel

Deoxyuracil Nucleotides

Uridine

Phosphonoacetic Acid

Interferon-alpha

Trimetrexate

Uridine Phosphorylase

Maximum Tolerated Dose

Administration, Oral

Mitomycins