Fluoroacetates
Quantitative screening for benzodiazepines in blood by dual-column gas chromatography and comparison of the results with urine immunoassay. (1/150)
A dual-column retention index method is described for quantitative gas chromatographic (GC) screening of 26 benzodiazepine drugs and metabolites in the blood using DB-5 and DB-17 capillary columns and electron capture detection. The method involves a one-step, small-scale liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and derivatization with N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride. The results from the GC screening of 514 postmortem blood samples were compared to those obtained from urine immunoassay (Syva ETSplus with a 200-ng/mL cutoff). Both methods gave a negative result in 284 cases and a positive result in 149 cases. In 48 cases, urine was negative by immunoassay but blood was positive by GC. The opposite situation (blood negative, urine positive) was detected only in four cases. In 29 cases, an invalid result was obtained by urine by immunoassay: 26 blood samples of those cases were negative and three samples positive by GC. In postmortem forensic toxicology, the present GC method seems to be a good alternative to the common combination of urinary immunoassay followed by quantitative analysis of blood by chromatography. (+info)A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of monofluoroacetate. (2/150)
A simple isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitative analysis of monofluoroacetic acid (MFA), the toxic substance of Dichapetalum cymosum, in plant material, rumen contents (gastric contents), and liver samples is described. A suitable HPLC column that gives optimum sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and separation of MFA is identified. A C-610 organic acid analysis column at ambient temperature with 0.02M H3PO4 as an eluent and ultraviolet detection at 210 nm is utilized to quantitate MFA. Using this method, the average percentage recovery in plant material, bovine liver, and rumen samples is 94.8%, and a detection limit of 12 microg/L is achievable. (+info)In vivo transposon mutagenesis of the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A using a modified version of the insect mariner-family transposable element Himar1. (3/150)
We present here a method for in vivo transposon mutagenesis of a methanogenic archaeon, Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A, which because of its independence from host-specific factors may have broad application among many microorganisms. Because there are no known Methanosarcina transposons we modified the mariner transposable element Himar1, originally found in the insect Hematobia irritans, to allow its use in this organism. This element was chosen because, like other mariner elements, its transposition is independent of host factors, requiring only its cognate transposase. Modified mini-Himar1 elements were constructed that carry selectable markers that are functional in Methanosarcina species and that express the Himar1 transposase from known Methanosarcina promoters. These mini-mariner elements transpose at high frequency in M. acetivorans to random sites in the genome. The presence of an Escherichia coli selectable marker and plasmid origin of replication within the mini-mariner elements allows facile cloning of these transposon insertions to identify the mutated gene. In preliminary experiments, we have isolated numerous mini-mariner-induced M. acetivorans mutants, including ones with insertions that confer resistance to toxic analogs and in genes that encode proteins involved in heat shock, nitrogen fixation, and cell-wall structures. (+info)Urinary metabolites of halothane in man. (4/150)
The urinary metabolites of halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) were investigated in five individuals given trace doses (25 muCi), and in three individuals given large doses (1 mCi) of radioactively labeled 14C-halothane. The latter were donor subjects for heart transplant operations. Separation of the nonvolatile urinary metabolites of halothane was accomplished by chemical extraction, electrophoresis, ion-exchange and high-pressure liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography. Identification of the individual metabolites was by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Three major metabolites were identified: trifluoroacetic acid, N-trifluoroacetyl-2-aminoethanol, and N-acetyl-S-(2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethyl)-L-cysteine. Smaller unidentified radioactive peaks were also found. The presence of both ethanolamide and cysteine conjugates of halothane is of concern. These urinary products imply the presence of reactive intermediates. The conjugation of such intermediates to proteins and phospholipids may give rise to the high-molecular-weight covalently bound metabolites demonstrated to be present in the liver following halothane anesthesia. Elucidation of the structures of the urinary metabolites provides information important to an understanding of halothane metabolism and its potential hepatotoxicity. (+info)Isolation of an aldehyde dehydrogenase involved in the oxidation of fluoroacetaldehyde to fluoroacetate in Streptomyces cattleya. (5/150)
Streptomyces cattleya is unusual in that it produces fluoroacetate and 4-fluorothreonine as secondary metabolites. We now report the isolation of an NAD(+)-dependent fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase from S. cattleya that mediates the oxidation of fluoroacetaldehyde to fluoroacetate. This is the first enzyme to be identified that is directly involved in fluorometabolite biosynthesis. Production of the enzyme begins in late exponential growth and continues into the stationary phase. Measurement of kinetic parameters shows that the enzyme has a high affinity for fluoroacetaldehyde and glycoaldehyde, but not acetaldehyde. (+info)Selectivity of protein oxidative damage during aging in Drosophila melanogaster. (6/150)
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether oxidation of various proteins during the aging process occurs selectively or randomly, and whether the same proteins are damaged in different species. Protein oxidative damage to the proteins, present in the matrix of mitochondria in the flight muscles of Drosophila melanogaster and manifested as carbonyl modifications, was detected immunochemically with anti-dinitrophenyl-group antibodies. Aconitase was found to be the only protein in the mitochondrial matrix that exhibited an age-associated increase in carbonylation. The accrual of oxidative damage was accompanied by an approx. 50% loss in aconitase activity. An increase in ambient temperature, which elevates the rate of metabolism and shortens the life span of flies, caused an elevation in the amount of aconitase carbonylation and an accelerated loss in its activity. Exposure to 100% ambient oxygen showed that aconitase was highly susceptible to undergo oxidative damage and loss of activity under oxidative stress. Administration of fluoroacetate, a competitive inhibitor of aconitase activity, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the life span of the flies. Results of the present study demonstrate that protein oxidative damage during aging is a selective phenomenon, and might constitute a mechanism by which oxidative stress causes age-associated losses in specific biochemical functions. (+info)Trifluoromethyl ketone-based inhibitors of apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons. (7/150)
A variety of aromatic trifluoromethyl ketone derivatives has been studied as inhibitors of apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Among them, alpha-trifluoromethyl diketone (2) and benzyl trifluoromethyl ketone (11) were found to be apoptosis inhibitors which can prevent a neurodegenerative disease. Compounds 2 and 11 showed neuroprotection effect on low K+-induced apoptosis in CGNs. Furthermore, these compounds effectively suppressed DNA fragmentation accompanied with apoptosis. The neuroprotection mode of 2 and 11 was not related to inhibition of caspase-3. (+info)Catalysis-linked inactivation of fluoroacetate dehalogenase by ammonia: a novel approach to probe the active-site environment. (8/150)
Fluoroacetate dehalogenase from Moraxella sp. B (FAc-DEX) catalyzes the hydrolytic dehalogenation of fluoroacetate and other haloacetates. Asp(105) of the enzyme acts as a nucleophile to attack the alpha-carbon of haloacetate to form an ester intermediate, which is subsequently hydrolyzed by a water molecule activated by His(272) [Liu, J.Q., Kurihara, T., Ichiyama, S., Miyagi, M., Tsunasawa, S., Kawasaki, H., Soda, K., and Esaki, N. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 30897-30902]. In this study, we found that FAc-DEX is inactivated concomitantly with defluorination of fluoroacetate by incubation with ammonia. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed that the inactivation of FAc-DEX is caused by nucleophilic attack of ammonia on the ester intermediate to convert the catalytic residue, Asp(105), into an asparagine residue. The results indicate that ammonia reaches the active site of FAc-DEX without losing its nucleophilicity. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme by homology modeling showed that the active site of the enzyme is mainly composed of hydrophobic and basic residues, which are considered to be essential for an ammonia molecule to retain its nucleophilicity. In a normal enzyme reaction, the hydrophobic environment is supposed to prevent hydration of the highly electronegative fluorine atom of the substrate and contribute to fluorine recognition by the enzyme. Basic residues probably play a role in counterbalancing the electronegativity of the substrate. These results demonstrate that catalysis-linked inactivation is useful for characterizing the active-site environment as well as for identifying the catalytic residue. (+info)Fluoroacetates are organic compounds that contain a fluorine atom and an acetic acid group. The most well-known and notorious compound in this family is sodium fluoroacetate, also known as 1080 or compound 1080, which is a potent metabolic poison. It works by interfering with the citric acid cycle, a critical process that generates energy in cells. Specifically, fluoroacetates are converted into fluorocitrate, which inhibits an enzyme called aconitase, leading to disruption of cellular metabolism and ultimately cell death.
Fluoroacetates have been used as rodenticides and pesticides, but their use is highly regulated due to their high toxicity to non-target species, including humans. Exposure to fluoroacetates can cause a range of symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, seizures, and cardiac arrest, and can be fatal if not treated promptly.
Fluoroacetate
Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
Sodium fluoroacetate
Methyl fluoroacetate
2-Ethylhexyl fluoroacetate
Helma Wennemers
1080 usage in New Zealand
Biological aspects of fluorine
Organofluorine chemistry
Fluorine
1,2-Difluoroethane
Overabundant species
Fluoroaspirin
Western rosella
Sodium trifluoroacetate
Fluorocitric acid
Haloacetate dehalogenase
Fluoroacetyl chloride
Tammar wallaby
Aconitase
Acacia georginae
Common brushtail possum in New Zealand
Environment of New Zealand
2-Fluoroethanol
Streptomyces xinghaiensis
Fluoroacetic acid
Herbivore
Rabbits in Australia
Plant defense against herbivory
Fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Fluoroacetate - Wikipedia
Fluoroacetate - PFPC Fluoride Education Project
Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) final review report-Environmental assessment | Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines...
Kelompok hacker Fluoroacetate 'Membobol' Iphone X
Accidental fatal poisoning with ethyl fluoroacetate]. - Consensus
Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards (81-123) | NIOSH | CDC
CDC | Toxic Syndrome Description: Ricin or Abrin Poisoning
Unraveling the Nature of the Catalytic Power of Fluoroacetate Dehalogenase - Fingerprint - Universidad Andrés Bello
Chemical pest animal control methods | Business Queensland
Fluoride Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Is sodium fluoroacetate (1080) a humane poison? The influence of mode of action, physiological effects, and target specificity ...
WTS database | WHO FCTC
CDC | Toxic Syndrome Description: Ricin or Abrin Poisoning
2009 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code E863.7 : Accidental poisoning by rodenticides
About the security content of Safari 12.1.1 - Apple Support (ZA)
Law Document English View | Ontario.ca
Sodium monofluoroacetate
Section 6400 and 6402
What's in 1080 bait?: 1080
PFPC Fluoride Education Project - News
1080 and streams, rivers and lakes: Biodegradable 1080 for pest control
Vladimir Malinić - Search Results - PubMed
Predator Defense - Help Us Ban Compound 1080 Poison
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
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Body Weight Decrease. Q-Z. Adverse Effects. Fluorinated & Fluoride Peticides. Fluoride Action Network Pesticide Project.
Lush Life | Discover Magazine
dingo - Australian Wildlife Protection Council
108010
- Is sodium fluoroacetate (1080) a humane poison? (qld.gov.au)
- 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate)-baiting programmes are an important and often the only option for reducing the impact of invasive vertebrate pests on biodiversity and agricultural production in Australia and New Zealand. (qld.gov.au)
- 1080 is the common name for a biodegradable poison called sodium fluoroacetate. (doc.govt.nz)
- Since our inception we have fought for a worldwide ban on the deadly poison sodium fluoroacetate, aka Compound 1080. (predatordefense.org)
- The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has placed sodium fluoroacetate-Compound 1080-in the Toxicity Category I indicating the highest degree of acute toxicity, for acute oral toxicity. (predatordefense.org)
- Building on research conducted by a Belgian scientist at the end of the 19th century, Compound 1080--sodium fluoroacetate-was developed in the U.S. as a rodenticide and mammalian predacide. (predatordefense.org)
- Carrot bait containing Sodium Fluoroacetate (1080) will be applied by ground. (orc.govt.nz)
- It is poisonous to stock due to fluoroacetate (1080 poison) compounds in the seeds and seed pods. (opbg.com.au)
- This bill would ban two deadly poisons-sodium fluoroacetate, commonly known as Compound 1080, and sodium cyanide, commonly known as M-44 devices-which are used by the US Department of Agriculture's Wildlife Services program to kill thousands of coyotes and foxes perceived as threats to livestock each year. (awionline.org)
- Auckland Council's Regional Strategy and Policy Committee is planning to manage pests in the Hunua Ranges using the controversial sodium fluoroacetate (1080). (issuu.com)
Fluoroacetic acid2
- Fluoroacetate may refer to: Fluoroacetic acid Salts of fluoroacetic acid such as Sodium fluoroacetate Esters of fluoroacetic acid Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate Methyl fluoroacetate Fluoroaspirin 2-Ethylhexyl fluoroacetate This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name. (wikipedia.org)
- A detailed review and analysis was conducted of the biological effects of chloroacetic-acid (79118), sodium-chloroacetate (3926623), fluoroacetic-acid (144490), sodium-fluoroacetate (62748), iodoacetic-acid (64697), sodium- iodoacetate (305533), and bromoacetic-acid (79083). (cdc.gov)
Sodium cyanide1
- Shortly thereafter, the EPA issued PR Notice 72-2 that cancelled all registered predator control uses of sodium fluoroacetate, sodium cyanide, and strychnine. (predatordefense.org)
Pesticides1
- They include traditional chemical warfare nerve agents such as sarin and VX, and toxic industrial chemicals and pesticides such as cyanide, chlorine, parathion, and sodium fluoroacetate. (nih.gov)
Poison1
- They may behave differently in response to baiting and there is evidence that susceptibility to the commonly-used poison sodium fluoroacetate is higher in possums of mainland origin. (edu.au)
Rodenticide1
- The use of sodium fluoroacetate as a rodenticide was greatly curtailed in the United States by 1990, because of its toxicity to other mammals, and it is currently licensed only for use against coyotes. (medscape.com)
Rats1
- Based on the acute toxicity to rats, fluoroacetate was the most toxic. (cdc.gov)
Pest1
- Sodium- fluoroacetate has been widely used as a mammalian pest control agent. (cdc.gov)
Plants1
- It's made synthetically, but fluoroacetate is also produced naturally by some plants to deter browsing. (doc.govt.nz)
Sodium10
- Fluoroacetate may refer to: Fluoroacetic acid Salts of fluoroacetic acid such as Sodium fluoroacetate Esters of fluoroacetic acid Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate Methyl fluoroacetate Fluoroaspirin 2-Ethylhexyl fluoroacetate This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name. (wikipedia.org)
- No inhalation toxicity data are available on which to base an IDLH for sodium fluoroacetate. (cdc.gov)
- Therefore, the revised IDLH for sodium fluoroacetate is 2.5 mg/m 3 based on acute oral toxicity data in humans [Deichmann and Gerarde 1969]. (cdc.gov)
- Sodium fluoroacetate poisoning. (medscape.com)
- Is sodium fluoroacetate (1080) a humane poison? (qld.gov.au)
- 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate)-baiting programmes are an important and often the only option for reducing the impact of invasive vertebrate pests on biodiversity and agricultural production in Australia and New Zealand. (qld.gov.au)
- Molecular structure of highly toxic Sodium fluoroacetate (known as 1080). (fluoridealert.org)
- They include traditional chemical warfare nerve agents such as sarin and VX, and toxic industrial chemicals and pesticides such as cyanide, chlorine, parathion, and sodium fluoroacetate. (nih.gov)
- In total, HSUS made 17 requests, including inquiries for records involving predator control methods (M-44 and sodium fluoroacetate) and licensed animal breeders. (humanewatch.org)
- See where pesticides including sodium fluoroacetate (1080) have been laid, or will be laid on public conservation land. (doc.govt.nz)
Team Fluoroacetate3
- Team Fluoroacetate (Amat Cama and Richard Zhu) earned the bragging rights - along with the coveted 'Master of Pwn' title - after racking up a total of 45 points during the competition, making them the single most successful of the three groups who competed. (portswigger.net)
- Amat Cama and Richard Zhu, a pair of security researchers who go by the name Team Fluoroacetate, found vulnerabilities across multiple devices including an Alexa-powered Amazon Echo and a Samsung Galaxy S10 smartphone. (acm.org)
- Team Fluoroacetate compromised the devices at an international bug bounty event called Pwn2Own in Tokyo, hosted by Zero Day Initiative. (acm.org)
Current1
- Fluoroacetate is equivalent to access, which is a current war in the Krebs request( a pop-historian thetwo of page cause). (kroemmling.de)
Study2
- This study aimed to evaluate whether [18F]fluoroacetate (FAC) could be an alternative analogue of [11C]ACT for the diagnosis of HCC. (hku.hk)
- 20. Assessment of [(18)F]-fluoroacetate PET/CT as a tumor-imaging modality: preclinical study in healthy volunteers and clinical evaluation in patients with liver tumor. (nih.gov)