Fluorescence. Medical search

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Measurement of the polarization of fluorescent light from solutions or microscopic specimens. It is used to provide information concerning molecular size, shape, and conformation, molecular anisotropy, electronic energy transfer, molecular interaction, including dye and coenzyme binding, and the antigen-antibody reaction.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

A type of FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY using two FLUORESCENT DYES with overlapping emission and absorption spectra, which is used to indicate proximity of labeled molecules. This technique is useful for studying interactions of molecules and PROTEIN FOLDING.

A method used to study the lateral movement of MEMBRANE PROTEINS and LIPIDS. A small area of a cell membrane is bleached by laser light and the amount of time necessary for unbleached fluorescent marker-tagged proteins to diffuse back into the bleached site is a measurement of the cell membrane's fluidity. The diffusion coefficient of a protein or lipid in the membrane can be calculated from the data. (From Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995).

Fluorescence microscopy utilizing multiple low-energy photons to produce the excitation event of the fluorophore. Multiphoton microscopes have a simplified optical path in the emission side due to the lack of an emission pinhole, which is necessary with normal confocal microscopes. Ultimately this allows spatial isolation of the excitation event, enabling deeper imaging into optically thick tissue, while restricting photobleaching and phototoxicity to the area being imaged.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

The transfer of energy of a given form among different scales of motion. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed). It includes the transfer of kinetic energy and the transfer of chemical energy. The transfer of chemical energy from one molecule to another depends on proximity of molecules so it is often used as in techniques to measure distance such as the use of FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A family of 3,6-di(substituted-amino)-9-benzoate derivatives of xanthene that are used as dyes and as indicators for various metals; also used as fluorescent tracers in histochemistry.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.

Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

An analytical method for detecting and measuring FLUORESCENCE in compounds or targets such as cells, proteins, or nucleotides, or targets previously labeled with FLUORESCENCE AGENTS.

The use of light interaction (scattering, absorption, and fluorescence) with biological tissue to obtain morphologically based information. It includes measuring inherent tissue optical properties such as scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence; or optical properties of exogenous targeted fluorescent molecular probes such as those used in optical MOLECULAR IMAGING, or nontargeted optical CONTRAST AGENTS.

Light-induced change in a chromophore, resulting in the loss of its absorption of light of a particular wave length. The photon energy causes a conformational change in the photoreceptor proteins affecting PHOTOTRANSDUCTION. This occurs naturally in the retina (ADAPTATION, OCULAR) on long exposure to bright light. Photobleaching presents problems when occurring in PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, and in FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY. On the other hand, this phenomenon is exploited in the technique, FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING, allowing measurement of the movements of proteins and LIPIDS in the CELL MEMBRANE.

Discrete concentrations of energy, apparently massless elementary particles, that move at the speed of light. They are the unit or quantum of electromagnetic radiation. Photons are emitted when electrons move from one energy state to another. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Fluoroimmunoassay where detection of the hapten-antibody reaction is based on measurement of the increased polarization of fluorescence-labeled hapten when it is combined with antibody. The assay is very useful for the measurement of small haptenic antigens such as drugs at low concentrations.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A class of organic compounds which contain an anilino (phenylamino) group linked to a salt or ester of naphthalenesulfonic acid. They are frequently used as fluorescent dyes and sulfhydryl reagents.

A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.

A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.

Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.

Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.

A colorless, odorless, highly water soluble vinyl monomer formed from the hydration of acrylonitrile. It is primarily used in research laboratories for electrophoresis, chromatography, and electron microscopy and in the sewage and wastewater treatment industries.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.

Compounds that contain a 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl group.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

A class of organic compounds that contains a naphthalene moiety linked to a sulfonic acid salt or ester.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with high energy particles such as PROTONS; ELECTRONS; or higher energy X-rays. Identification of ELEMENTS by this technique is based on the specific type of X-rays that are emitted which are characteristic of the specific elements in the material being analyzed. The characteristic X-rays are distinguished and/or quantified by either wavelength dispersive or energy dispersive methods.

The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things.

The use of molecularly targeted imaging probes to localize and/or monitor biochemical and cellular processes via various imaging modalities that include RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; and MICROSCOPY.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

Nanometer sized fragments of semiconductor crystalline material which emit PHOTONS. The wavelength is based on the quantum confinement size of the dot. They can be embedded in MICROBEADS for high throughput ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The physical characteristics and processes of biological systems.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.

A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The motion of phospholipid molecules within the lipid bilayer, dependent on the classes of phospholipids present, their fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation of the acyl chains, the cholesterol concentration, and temperature.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in MOLECULAR GENETICS to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes.

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS.

Drugs that are pharmacologically inactive but when exposed to ultraviolet radiation or sunlight are converted to their active metabolite to produce a beneficial reaction affecting the diseased tissue. These compounds can be administered topically or systemically and have been used therapeutically to treat psoriasis and various types of neoplasms.

A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin to evaluate tissue oxygenation and indirectly can measure regional hemodynamics and blood flow. Near-infrared light (NIR) can propagate through tissues and at particular wavelengths is differentially absorbed by oxygenated vs. deoxygenated forms of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Illumination of intact tissue with NIR allows qualitative assessment of changes in the tissue concentration of these molecules. The analysis is also used to determine body composition.

Salts and esters of the 12-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acid--lauric acid.

Inorganic or organic compounds that contain boron as an integral part of the molecule.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Colorless, odorless crystals that are used extensively in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis and in organic synthesis, and polymerization. Some of its polymers are used in sewage and wastewater treatment, permanent press fabrics, and as soil conditioning agents.

A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).

A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum usually sensed as heat. Infrared wavelengths are longer than those of visible light, extending into the microwave frequencies. They are used therapeutically as heat, and also to warm food in restaurants.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The use of devices which use detector molecules to detect, investigate, or analyze other molecules, macromolecules, molecular aggregates, or organisms.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

A large multisubunit protein complex found in the THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. It uses light energy derived from LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES to catalyze the splitting of WATER into DIOXYGEN and of reducing equivalents of HYDROGEN.

Projection of near-IR light (INFRARED RAYS), in the 700-1000 nm region, across an object in parallel beams to an array of sensitive photodetectors. This is repeated at various angles and a mathematical reconstruction provides three dimensional MEDICAL IMAGING of tissues. Based on the relative transparency of tissues to this spectra, it has been used to monitor local oxygenation, brain and joints.

Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.

The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Europium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.

LIGHT, it's processes and properties, and the characteristics of materials interacting with it.

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.

A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

Complexes containing CHLOROPHYLL and other photosensitive molecules. They serve to capture energy in the form of PHOTONS and are generally found as components of the PHOTOSYSTEM I PROTEIN COMPLEX or the PHOTOSYSTEM II PROTEIN COMPLEX.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Terbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.

Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.

The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A specialized field of physics and engineering involved in studying the behavior and properties of light and the technology of analyzing, generating, transmitting, and manipulating ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet range.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Behavior of LIGHT and its interactions with itself and materials.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.

A technique encompassing morphometry, densitometry, neural networks, and expert systems that has numerous clinical and research applications and is particularly useful in anatomic pathology for the study of malignant lesions. The most common current application of image cytometry is for DNA analysis, followed by quantitation of immunohistochemical staining.

A group of compounds containing the porphin structure, four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges in a cyclic configuration to which a variety of side chains are attached. The nature of the side chain is indicated by a prefix, as uroporphyrin, hematoporphyrin, etc. The porphyrins, in combination with iron, form the heme component in biologically significant compounds such as hemoglobin and myoglobin.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Therapy using oral or topical photosensitizing agents with subsequent exposure to light.

A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the measurement is made. The physical property may be with regard to thermal or electric conductivity or light refraction. In crystallography, it describes crystals whose index of refraction varies with the direction of the incident light. It is also called acolotropy and colotropy. The opposite of anisotropy is isotropy wherein the same values characterize the object when measured along axes in all directions.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).

Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.

Six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen and a nitrogen.

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

Single membrane vesicles, generally made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

Emission of LIGHT when ELECTRONS return to the electronic ground state from an excited state and lose the energy as PHOTONS. It is sometimes called cool light in contrast to INCANDESCENCE. LUMINESCENT MEASUREMENTS take advantage of this type of light emitted from LUMINESCENT AGENTS.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A type of chromosome aberration characterized by CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE and transfer of the broken-off portion to another location, often to a different chromosome.

The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The use of fluorescence spectrometry to obtain quantitative results for the FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE. One advantage over the other methods (e.g., radioimmunoassay) is its extreme sensitivity, with a detection limit on the order of tenths of microgram/liter.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

The protein components of a number of complexes, such as enzymes (APOENZYMES), ferritin (APOFERRITINS), or lipoproteins (APOLIPOPROTEINS).

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Synthetic or naturally occurring substances related to coumarin, the delta-lactone of coumarinic acid.

The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.

Chemical reactions effected by light.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Recording serial images of a process at regular intervals spaced out over a longer period of time than the time in which the recordings will be played back.

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Thin strands of transparent material, usually glass, that are used for transmitting light waves over long distances.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

A highly-sensitive (in the picomolar range, which is 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional electrophoresis) and efficient technique that allows separation of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and CARBOHYDRATES. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Protein complexes that take part in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They are located within the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of plant CHLOROPLASTS and a variety of structures in more primitive organisms. There are two major complexes involved in the photosynthetic process called PHOTOSYSTEM I and PHOTOSYSTEM II.

Compound such as LUMINESCENT PROTEINS that cause or emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE).

Stabilization of poly-L-lysine/DNA polyplexes for in vivo gene delivery to the liver. (1/5934)

We are developing a self-assembling non-viral in vivo gene delivery vehicle based on poly-l-lysine and plasmid DNA. We have characterized poly-l-lysines of different chain lengths for DNA condensation and strength of DNA binding. Poly-l-lysine chains >20 residues bound DNA efficiently in physiological saline, while shorter chains did not. Attachment of asialoorosomucoid to PLL increased the PLL chain length required for efficient DNA binding in saline and for efficient DNA condensation. By electron microscopy, poly-l-lysine/DNA polyplexes appeared as toroids 25-50 nm in diameter or rods 40-80 nm long; conjugation of asialoorosomucoid to the polylysine component increased the size of resulting polyplexes to 50-90 nm. In water, poly-l-lysine and asialoorosomucoid-PLL polyplexes have effective diameters of 46 and 87.6 nm, respectively. Polyplexes containing only poly-l-lysine and DNA aggregated in physiological saline at all charge ratios and aggregated at neutral charge ratios in water. Attachment of asialoorosomucoid lessened, but did not eliminate, the aggregation of PLL polyplexes, and did not result in efficient delivery of polyplexes to hepatocytes. Conjugation of polyethylene glycol to poly-l-lysine sterically stabilized resulting polyplexes at neutral charge ratios by shielding the surfaces. For efficient in vivo gene delivery, polyplexes will need to be sterically stabilized to prevent aggregation and interaction with serum components. (+info)

Relocating the active site of activated protein C eliminates the need for its protein S cofactor. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer study. (2/5934)

The effect of replacing the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain of activated protein C (APC) with that of prothrombin on the topography of the membrane-bound enzyme was examined using fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The average distance of closest approach (assuming kappa2 = 2/3) between a fluorescein in the active site of the chimera and octadecylrhodamine at the membrane surface was 89 A, compared with 94 A for wild-type APC. The gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain substitution therefore lowered and/or reoriented the active site, repositioning it close to the 84 A observed for the APC. protein S complex. Protein S enhances wild-type APC cleavage of factor Va at Arg306, but the inactivation rate of factor Va Leiden by the chimera alone is essentially equal to that by wild-type APC plus protein S. These data suggest that the activities of the chimera and of the APC.protein S complex are equivalent because the active site of the chimeric protein is already positioned near the optimal location above the membrane surface to cleave Arg306. Thus, one mechanism by which protein S regulates APC activity is by relocating its active site to the proper position above the membrane surface to optimize factor Va cleavage. (+info)

Mitochondrial depolarization accompanies cytochrome c release during apoptosis in PC6 cells. (3/5934)

Cytochrome c is released from mitochondria into the cytosol in cells undergoing apoptosis. The temporal relationship between cytochrome c release and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was monitored by laser-scanning confocal microscopy in single living pheochromocytoma-6 cells undergoing apoptosis induced by staurosporine. Mitochondrial membrane potential monitored by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester decreased abruptly in individual cells from 2 to 7 h after treatment with staurosporine. Depolarization was accompanied by cytochrome c release documented by release of transfected green fluorescent protein-tagged cytochrome c in these cells. The results show that mitochondrial depolarization accompanies cytochrome c release in pheochromocytoma-6 cells undergoing apoptosis. (+info)

Novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants readily diffuse across the blood-brain barrier and access intracellular sites. (4/5934)

In an accompanying article, an in vitro assay for permeability predicts that membrane-protective, antioxidant 2,4-diamino-pyrrolo[2, 3-d]pyrimidines should have improved blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation over previously described lipophilic antioxidants. Using a first-pass extraction method and brain/plasma quantification, we show here that two of the pyrrolopyrimidines, one of which is markedly less permeable, readily partition into rat brain. The efficiency of extraction was dependent on serum protein binding, and in situ efflux confirms the in vitro data showing that PNU-87663 is retained in brain longer than PNU-89843. By exploiting inherent fluorescence properties of PNU-87663, its distribution within brain and within cells in culture was demonstrated using confocal scanning laser microscopy. PNU-87663 rapidly partitioned into the cell membrane and equilibrates with cytoplasmic compartments via passive diffusion. Although partitioning of PNU-87663 favors intracytoplasmic lipid storage droplets, the compound was readily exchangeable as shown by efflux of compound from cells to buffer when protein was present. The results demonstrated that pyrrolopyrimidines were well suited for quickly accessing target cells within the central nervous system as well as in other target tissues. (+info)

A fluorescent orthotopic bone metastasis model of human prostate cancer. (5/5934)

Here, we report a fluorescent spontaneous bone metastatic model of human prostate cancer developed by surgical orthotopic implantation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing prostate cancer tissue. Human prostate cancer PC-3 cells were transduced with the pLEIN expression retroviral vector containing the enhanced GFP and neomycin resistance genes. Stable GFP high-expression PC-3 clones were selected in vitro with G418, which were then combined and injected s.c. in nude mice. For metastasis studies, fragments of a single highly fluorescent s.c. growing tumor were implanted by surgical orthotopic implantation in the prostate of a series of nude mice. Subsequent micrometastases and metastases were visualized by GFP fluorescence throughout the skeleton, including the skull, rib, pelvis, femur, and tibia The central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, was also involved with tumor, as visualized by GFP fluorescence. Systemic organs, including the lung, plural membrane, liver, kidney, and adrenal gland, also had fluorescent metastases. The metastasis pattern in this model reflects the bone and other metastatic sites of human prostate cancer. Thus, this model should be very useful for the study and development of treatment for metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer. (+info)

A sialoglycoprotein, gp20, of the human capacitated sperm surface is a homologue of the leukocyte CD52 antigen: analysis of the effect of anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody (CAMPATH-1) on capacitated spermatozoa. (6/5934)

In this study we performed N-terminal sequence analysis of gp20, a 20 kDa sialoglycoprotein on the human sperm surface previously identified by radiolabelling of the sialic acid residues of sperm surface. We found 100% identity with the N-terminus of CD52, an antigen expressed on almost all human leukocytes. We also show that, like CD52, gp20 behaves as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein and that anti-gp20 antiserum reacts with an antigen on leukocytes of the same molecular weight as CD52. Using CAMPATH-1, the monoclonal antibody against CD52, in fluorescent staining of capacitated spermatozoa, Western blot analysis and the zona-free hamster egg penetration test, we found that the effect of this antibody was different from that of our anti-gp20. Western blot analysis revealed a well-defined 20 kDa band with anti-gp20, whereas a 14-20 kDa band was detected with CAMPATH-1. Anti-gp20 stained the equatorial region of the sperm head, whereas CAMPATH-1 stained the tail in immunofluorescence analysis of capacitated spermatozoa. A dose-dependent inhibitory effect was seen with CAMPATH-1, similar to that previously detected with anti-gp20, in a zona-free hamster egg penetration test. However, with CAMPATH-1 agglutination of motile spermatozoa was detected, and this was not present with anti-gp20. This suggests that the epitopes recognized by the two antibodies are different. (+info)

Two affinities for a single antagonist at the neuronal NK1 tachykinin receptor: evidence from quantitation of receptor endocytosis. (7/5934)

1. In smooth muscle contractility assays, many NK1 receptor (NK1r) antagonists inhibit responses to the neurotransmitter, substance P (SP), and its analogue, septide, with markedly different potency, leading to the proposal that there is a septide-preferring receptor related to the NK1r. 2. We used fluorescence immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy to visualize agonist-induced NK1r endocytosis and analyse agonist/antagonist interactions at native NK1r in neurons of the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig ileum. 3. SP and septide gave sigmoid log concentration-response curves and were equipotent in inducing NK1r endocytosis. 4. The NK1r antagonists, CP-99994 (2S,3S)-3-(2-methoxybenzyl)amino-2-phenylpiperidine dihydrochloride and MEN-10581, cyclo(Leu,[CH2NH]Lys(benzyloxycarbonyl)-Gln-Trp-Phe-betaAla) were both more potent in inhibiting endocytosis (50 x and 8 x greater respectively) against septide than against SP. 5. The results suggest that SP and septide interact differently with the NK1r, and that a single antagonist can exhibit different affinities at a single NK1r population, depending on the agonist with which it competes. Thus it may not be necessary to posit a separate septide-preferring tachykinin receptor. (+info)

Simultaneous detection of multiple green fluorescent proteins in live cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. (8/5934)

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) has proven to be an excellent fluorescent marker for protein expression and localisation in living cells [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. Several mutant GFPs with distinct fluorescence excitation and emission spectra have been engineered for intended use in multi-labelling experiments [6] [7] [8] [9]. Discrimination of these co-expressed GFP variants by wavelength is hampered, however, by a high degree of spectral overlap, low quantum efficiencies and extinction coefficients [10], or rapid photobleaching [6]. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16], four GFP variants were shown to have distinguishable fluorescence lifetimes. Among these was a new variant (YFP5) with spectral characteristics reminiscent of yellow fluorescent protein [8] and a comparatively long fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence intensities of co-expressed spectrally similar GFP variants (either alone or as fusion proteins) were separated using lifetime images obtained with FLIM at a single excitation wavelength and using a single broad band emission filter. Fluorescence lifetime imaging opens up an additional spectroscopic dimension to wavelength through which novel GFP variants can be selected to extend the number of protein processes that can be imaged simultaneously in cells. (+info)

The fluorescence lifetime is an important parameter for practical applications of fluorescence such as fluorescence resonance ... tag Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy Fluorescence image-guided surgery Fluorescence in plants Fluorescence spectroscopy ... the green fluorescence of willemite, the yellow fluorescence of esperite, and the orange fluorescence of wollastonite and ... The fluorescence quantum yield gives the efficiency of the fluorescence process. It is defined as the ratio of the number of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence

Fluorescence from photosystem I is not variable, but constant. The increase in fluorescence is due to PSII reaction centers ... Chlorophyll fluorescence can measure most types of plant stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence can be used as a proxy of plant ... Usually the initial measurement is the minimal level of fluorescence, F 0 {\displaystyle \,F_{0}} . This is the fluorescence in ... F m {\displaystyle \,F_{m}} : Maximal fluorescence (arbitrary units). Fluorescence level of dark-adapted sample when a high ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll_fluorescence

"Fluorescence microscope" refers to any microscope that uses fluorescence to generate an image, whether it is a simple set up ... Fluorescence microscopy images of sun flares pathology in a blood cell showing the affected areas in red. Fluorescence imaging ... Alternatively the intrinsic fluorescence of a sample (i.e., autofluorescence) can be used. In the life sciences fluorescence ... A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence instead of, or in addition to, scattering, reflection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_microscope

... and while it is characteristic of atomic fluorescence, is seen in molecular fluorescence as well. In a typical fluorescence ( ... The fluorescence of a folded protein is a mixture of the fluorescence from individual aromatic residues. Most of the intrinsic ... Fluorescence can also be used to redirect photons, see fluorescent solar collector. Additionally, Fluorescence spectroscopy can ... Lakowicz, J. R. (1999). Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers Intrinsic Fluorescence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_spectroscopy

... differs from photobiomodulation in that it employs fluorescence as a photo vehicle to induce ... Fluorescence biomodulation is a form of photobiomodulation, which utilizes fluorescence energy to induce multiple transduction ... Tailoring fluorescence biomodulation allows compatibility between the specific emissions of fluorescence and the unique light ... Fluorescence, as generated by chromophores, is displayed as a broad spectral distribution of wavelengths and/or frequencies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_biomodulation

Fluorescence in the life sciences Fluorescence microscope "Fluorescence Imaging Principles and Methods" (PDF). Boston ... Light sheet fluorescence microscopy: A fluorescence microscopy technique that illuminates a thin slice of a sample at a ... Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy: An imaging technique that records changes in fluorescence over time Non-invasive: ... Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is an analysis technique that observes the fluctuation of fluorescence intensity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_imaging

... typically used laser-induced fluorescence to stimulate fluorescence emission of particular vessel ... fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy or FLIM), or by analyzing the spectral shape of emitted fluorescence (fluorescence ... Intravascular fluorescence is a catheter-based molecular imaging technique that uses near-infrared fluorescence to detect ... Calfon MA, Vinegoni C, Ntziachristos V, Jaffer FA (2010). "Intravascular near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravascular_fluorescence

The fluorescence sum and difference can be constructed by addition of the decays and subtraction of the fluorescence decays ... The fluorescence sum and difference can be constructed by addition of the intensities and subtraction of the fluorescence ... Fluorescence anisotropy or fluorescence polarization is the phenomenon where the light emitted by a fluorophore has unequal ... Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy (3rd ed., Springer. Chapter 10-12 deal with fluorescence polarization spectroscopy.) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_anisotropy

... , or blinking, is the phenomenon of random switching between ON (bright) and OFF (dark) states of the ... Fluorescence intermittency in colloidal nanocrystals Stefani, Fernando D, Jacob P Hoogenboom, and Eli Barkai. 2009. "Beyond ... v t e v t e (Fluorescence, Quantum dots, All stub articles, Nanotechnology stubs, Quantum physics stubs). ... Krauss, Todd D.; Peterson, Jeffrey J. (2010). "Bright Future for Fluorescence Blinking in Semiconductor Nanocrystals". J. Phys ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_intermittency

The largest implication that arises from resonance fluorescence is that for future technologies. Resonance fluorescence is used ... For resonance fluorescence, the most important correlation functions are ⟨ b ^ s † ( t ) b ^ s ( t + τ ) ⟩ e i ( ω 1 − ω 0 ) τ ... It is easy to see that this is truly analogous to a real two-level atom due to the fact that the fluorescence appears in the ... Resonance fluorescence has been seen in a single self-assembled quantum dot as presented by Muller among others in 2007. In the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance_fluorescence

Fluorescence at Discogs (list of releases) Fluorescence at MusicBrainz (list of releases) v t e (CS1 maint: others in cite AV ... "Asobi Seksu: Fluorescence". Q. No. 296. March 2011. p. 101. Beta, Andy (February 15, 2011). "Asobi Seksu, 'Fluorescence' ( ... "Fluorescence by Asobi Seksu reviews". AnyDecentMusic?. Retrieved December 31, 2019. "Fluorescence by Asobi Seksu Reviews and ... "Asobi Seksu: Fluorescence". NME. 2011. Cohen, Ian (February 16, 2011). "Asobi Seksu: Fluorescence". Pitchfork. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_(album)

Gutow JH (2005). "Halide (Cl-) Quenching of Quinine Sulfate Fluorescence: A Time-Resolved Fluorescence Experiment for Physical ... With both Förster and Dexter energy transfer, the shapes of the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the dyes are unchanged. ... Quenching refers to any process which decreases the fluorescence intensity of a given substance. A variety of processes can ... The chloride ion is a well known quencher for quinine fluorescence. Quenching poses a problem for non-instant spectroscopic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenching_(fluorescence)

Popelka S (1981). "Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay II. Analyzer for Rapid, Precise Measurement of Fluorescence ... The basis of the assay is fluorescence anisotropy, also known as fluorescence polarization. If a fluorescent molecule is ... The solution is evaluated again by the fluorescence polarization analyzer. The fluorescence polarization value for the tracer ... which results in altered fluorescence polarization. Fluorescence polarization immunoassays employ a fluorophore bound antigen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_polarization_immunoassay

See resonance fluorescence for a discussion of the theory and x-ray fluorescence for a discussion of its many applications. " ... Nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) is a nuclear process in which a nucleus absorbs and emits high-energy photons called gamma ... With nuclear resonance fluorescence its possible to see what the molecular structure is and thus, distinguish between salt and ... A 518, 13 (1990) (Articles with GND identifiers, Fluorescence, Nuclear physics). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_resonance_fluorescence

A "relative fluorescence unit" is a unit of measurement used in analysis which employs fluorescence detection. Fluorescence is ... The terms "relative fluorescence units" (RFU) and "RFU peak" refer to measurements in electrophoresis methods, such as for DNA ... "Relative fluorescence unit (RFU)", DNA.gov: Glossary, April 2011, webpage: DNA-gov-RFU. "Thresholds", NFSTC.org, 2010, webpage ... from the level of fluorescence intensity. Samples which contain higher quantities of amplified DNA will have higher ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_fluorescence_units

... the cells can be observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope that can visualise fluorescence in cells. Although the ... with stronger levels of fluorescence indicating close or direct interactions and lower fluorescence levels suggesting ... Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (also known as BiFC) is a technology typically used to validate protein interactions. ... In addition, this study was the first report of an in vivo technique, now known as the bimolecular fluorescence complementation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimolecular_fluorescence_complementation

... (LIF) or laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF) is a spectroscopic method in which an atom or molecule ... the fluorescence signal is usually isotropic). The signal-to-noise ratio of the fluorescence signal is very high, providing a ... LED-induced fluorescence has been used in situ to delineate aromatic hydrocarbon contamination as a cone penetrometer add on ... An advantage over absorption spectroscopy is that it is possible to get two- and three-dimensional images since fluorescence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser-induced_fluorescence

... (FRP) is a small protein involved in regulating non-photochemical quenching in cyanobacteria. It ... Deletion mutants of FRP show a slightly larger degree of fluorescence quenching induced by strong blue-green light, but was ... It is able to prevent quenching of phycobilin fluorescence by OCP in vitro. Overexpression of FRP in Synechocystis PCC 6803 ... thereby reducing the amount of fluorescence quenching that occurs between the OCP and the phycobilisome antenna complexes. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_recovery_protein

The fluorescence intensity is fluctuating due to Brownian motion of the particles. In other words, the number of the particles ... Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a statistical analysis, via time correlation, of stationary fluctuations of the ... In this application, the fluorescence emitted from a very tiny space in solution containing a small number of fluorescent ... In these techniques light is focused on a sample and the measured fluorescence intensity fluctuations (due to diffusion, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_correlation_spectroscopy

... resonant fluorescence of gamma rays X-ray fluorescence holography De Viguerie L, Sole VA, Walter P, Multilayers quantitative X- ... The term fluorescence is applied to phenomena in which the absorption of radiation of a specific energy results in the re- ... X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been ... The fluorescence process is inefficient, and the secondary radiation is much weaker than the primary beam. Furthermore, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_fluorescence

At the end of the assay the tissue samples are visualized under a fluorescence microscope such as the confocal fluorescence ... "In-solution fluorescence in situ hybridization and fluorescence-activated cell sorting for single cell and population genome ... Fluorescence microscopy can be used to find out where the fluorescent probe is bound to the chromosomes. FISH is often used for ... Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind to only ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

If after some time the fluorescence doesn't reach the initial level anymore, then some part of the fluorescence is caused by an ... Fluorescence microscope Photobleaching Fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) Axelrod, D; Koppel, D; Schlessinger, J; Elson ... CS1: long volume value, Cell imaging, Biochemistry methods, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Fluorescence techniques, Biophysics). ... The mean fluorescence in the region can then be plotted versus time since the photobleaching, and the resulting curve can yield ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_recovery_after_photobleaching

After a fluorescence image is captured, each 9 or 16 terrace block yields a separate FLIC curve that defines a unique d f {\ ... The observed fluorescence intensity, I F L I C {\displaystyle I_{FLIC}} , is the product of the excitation probability per unit ... Fluorescence interference contrast (FLIC) microscopy is a microscopic technique developed to achieve z-resolution on the ... A ratio of measured fluorescence intensities at different oxide thicknesses is compared to the predicted ratio to calculate the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_interference_contrast_microscopy

... reabsorption of fluorescence before it reaches detector can lead to systematic errors Fluorescence Laser-induced fluorescence ... Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) is an optical diagnostic technique widely used for flow visualization and quantitative ... Seitzman, J. M.; Hanson, R. K. (1993). "Planar Fluorescence Imaging in Gases". In Taylor, A. M. K. P. (ed.). Instrumentation ... signal-to-noise ratio often limited by detector shot-noise fluorescence interferences from other species, especially from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planar_laser-induced_fluorescence

... (FLIP) is a fluorescence microscopy technique used to examine movement of molecules inside ... This limitation will serve as a control and limit fluorescence loss due to photo-damage as compared to fluorescence loss due to ... Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching Fluorescence Microscope Photobleaching Robert C. Dickson; Michael Dean Mendenhall ( ... The change in fluorescence at the region of interest can then be quantified in one of three ways. The most common is to choose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_loss_in_photobleaching

In contrast to fluorescence resonance energy transfer, it does not have a distance limit for interactions. As a result, it can ... Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) was introduced by Eigen and Rigler in 1994 and experimentally realized by ... 3, 83-89 . Slaughter, B. D.; Unruh, J. R.; Li, R. Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy and imaging methods for examination of ... 2013) John Wiley & Sons Bacia, K.; Kim, S.A.; Schwille, P. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy in living cells. (2006) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_cross-correlation_spectroscopy

... (XFH) is a holography method with atomic resolution based on atomic fluorescence. It is a ... Hayashi, K. (2003). "3D atomic imaging of SiGe system by X-ray fluorescence holography". Journal of Materials Science: ... Xie, Honglan; Chen, Jianwen; Gao, Hongyi; Xiong, Shisheng; Xu, Zhizhan (2004). "Removing twin images in X-ray fluorescence ... Chukhovskii, F. N.; Poliakov, A. M. (2003). "X-ray fluorescence holography: a novel treatment for crystal structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_fluorescence_holography

Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS), also called fluorescence image-guided surgery, or in the specific case of tumor resection, ... "Fluorescence Guided Surgery". Methods and Applications in Fluorescence. 9 (4): 042002. Bibcode:2021MApFl...9d2002S. doi:10.1088 ... Fluorescence, Fluorescence techniques, Fluorescent dyes, Medical equipment, Medical imaging). ... Endoscopy Fluorescence Image-guided surgery Laparoscopy Near infrared Near-infrared window in biological tissue Surgery Stewart ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_image-guided_surgery

Ultrasound-switchable fluorescence (USF) imaging is a deep optics imaging technique. In last few decades, fluorescence ... However, due to light scattering, fluorescence microscopy is limited to shallow tissues (about 1 mm). Since fluorescence is ... achieved high-resolution fluorescence imaging in centimeter-deep tissue phantoms with high SNR and high sensitivity, they ... Two basic elements are required in USF imaging technique, the first is unique USF contrast agents whose fluorescence emission ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasound-switchable_fluorescence_imaging

"Novel disposable biochip platform employing supercritical angle fluorescence for enhanced fluorescence collection". Biomedical ... Using an aspheric lens for excitation of a sample with laser light, fluorescence emitted by the specimen is collected above the ... Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy (SAF) is a technique to detect and characterize fluorescent species (proteins, ... v t e (Fluorescence techniques, Microscopy, Laser applications, All stub articles, Analytical chemistry stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercritical_angle_fluorescence_microscopy

... * Tissue Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Are We Ready for Prime ... Pegulicianine fluorescence-guided surgery met prespecified thresholds for removal of residual tumor and specificity, at 85.2%, ... Cite this: Novel Fluorescence Guidance Improves Lumpectomy Outcomes - Medscape - May 04, 2023. ... "In this study design, each patient undergoing pegulicianine fluorescence-guided surgery served as her own control," they write ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/991564

Title: NIOSH Method 7704: Beryllium by field-portable fluorescence (air). Subject: New or updated method in a collection of ... "NIOSH Method 9110: Beryllium by Field-Portable Fluorescence (wipes)". Thank you for your willingness to do this review. I am ... NIOSH Method 7704: Beryllium by field-portable fluorescence (air)pdf icon [PDF - 99 KB] ... Peer Review: NIOSH Method 7704: Beryllium by field-portable fluorescence. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/review/peer/isi/method7704-pr.html

The Mollow triplet8 in the scattered photon spectrum-the hallmark of resonance fluorescence when an optical transition is ... Figure 4: Mollow quintuplet and spin-resolved fluorescence.. a, The full span of the resonance fluorescence spectrum under ... Figure 2: Dependence of resonance fluorescence on laser detuning.. a, Experimentally observed resonance fluorescence spectrum ... 2a, the measured X−1 resonance fluorescence spectra, driven by 1.852 μW laser power (Ωb≈8γsp), are plotted for a set of laser- ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nphys1182?error=cookies_not_supported&code=93390dd4-69ed-49c3-b8da-9cfcb95f5239

What is fluorescence imaging? Near-infrared (NIR) Fluorescence Imaging is an imaging technique that uses near-infrared light to ... Lin, J. et al.Indocyanine green fluorescence method for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer. Asian Journal of Surgery ... Fluorescence guided SLN biopsy in breast cancer patients is not inferior to the RI+BD technique or to RI alone. ... Fluorescence guided SLN biopsy in breast cancer patients is not inferior to the RI+BD technique or to RI alone. ...

https://www.stryker.com/no/en/endoscopy/c/fluorescence.html

MD show how they use fluorescence-guided microsurgical techniques in brain tumor treatment. ... Hadjipanayis talks about 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery for brain tumors after FDA approval of Gleolan. He speaks about the ... talk about the use of fluorescence in treating brain tumors. ... Fluorescence in neurovascular procedures On-demand webinar - 58 ... of maximal resection of non-contrast-enhanced tumors and overall survival as well as the advantages of 5-ALA fluorescence- ...

https://www.zeiss.com/meditec/en/myzeiss/peer-insights/articles/neurosurgery/fluorescence-in-treating-brain-tumors.html

... Background The light-sheet fluorescence microscope is used to study three-dimensional ... To find novel techniques that apply adaptive optics to light-sheet fluorescence microscopy in order to obtain better images and ... Through adaptive optical elements this missing information can be found and the true distribution of fluorescence can be ... "Adaptive illumination based on direct wavefront sensing in a light-sheet fluorescence microscope." Optics express (2016) ...

https://www.tudelft.nl/en/3me/about/departments/delft-center-for-systems-and-control/research/numerics-for-control-identification/smart-light-sheet-fluorescence-microscopy

Fluorescence-guided surgery is a form of medical imaging using fluorescently labeled structures that can aid complete removal ... Fluorescence image-guided surgery utilizes two distinct but complementary technologies. These are fluorescence probes and an ... The field of fluorescence image-guided surgery is predicted to grow over the coming years as more clinical research is focused ... Fluorescence image-guided surgery - a brief history. The first use of this technology was in 1948 when intravenous fluorescein ...

https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Fluorescence-Image-guided-Surgery-and-Cancer.aspx

Wash Buffers for Fluorescence (A and B). *Duolink® Mounting Media with DAPI (for use on slides, store at 2-8 °C) OR Nuclear ... Duolink® PLA Fluorescence Protocol. The following protocol is for a 1cm2 sample on a slide, requiring 40 µL of solution for ... The image data can be analyzed for the mean fluorescence intensity of the PLA signals and/or the total number of PLA signals ... The result from a Duolink® PLA experiment is typically viewed using a fluorescence microscope with the appropriate filters for ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/PL/en/technical-documents/protocol/protein-biology/protein-and-nucleic-acid-interactions/duolink-fluorescence-user-manual

... EasyChair Preprint no. 4046. 8 pages•Date: ... Video-Rate Acquisition Fluorescence Microscopy via Generative Adversarial Networks}, howpublished = {EasyChair Preprint no. ...

https://www.easychair.org/publications/preprint/P6f9

Define fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: A powerful method, referred to as FCS, for determining the average diffusion ... fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. A powerful method, referred to as FCS, for determining the average diffusion ...

https://www.photonics.com/EDU/fluorescence_correlation_spectroscopy/d8072

When the sample passes through a detection area, a laser beam induces multi-color fluorescence. Polychromatic fluorescence is ... The fluorescence which comes to the spectrometer through the input fiber is coupled to a collimator which produces a parallel ... The system is capable of detecting multicolor fluorescence produced by mixtures of fluorescent dyes as well as by micro and ... The spectrometer performs color separation and the measurement of fluorescence in the range of wavelengths from 480nm to 720nm ...

https://dspace.sunyconnect.suny.edu/handle/1951/60254

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Microscopy%2C+Fluorescence&type=mesh

... widefield and confocal fluorescence illumination and observation is becoming one of the techniques of choice. ... Introduction to Fluorescence Microscopy. Basic equipment and techniques necessary for observing specimens in fluorescence. ... Fluorescence Microscopy. Cells and tissues examined with synthetic fluorophores in fluorescence microscopy. ... Stereomicroscopy Fluorescence. Explore the light paths in Nikons SMZ1500 stereomicroscope equipped for fluorescence ...

https://www.microscopyu.com/techniques/fluorescence

In order to study these processes in living cells, fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy techniques have been developed that ... Monitoring receptor oligomerization by line-scan fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy Methods Cell Biol. 2013;117:197- ... Keywords: Dimerization; Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy; Human histamine1 receptor; Line-scan FCCS. ... In order to study these processes in living cells, fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy techniques have been developed that ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24143979/

... Edinburgh Instruments. in Product Guide Imaging Widefield Fluorescence Imaging Lab Equipment CO/ ... CO2 Gas Lasers Fluorescence Lifetime Spectrometers Fluorometers Lifetime and Phosphorescence Spectrometers Spectrofluorometers ...

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... measurement is very similar to fluorescence intensity (FI) measurement. The only difference is the timing of the excitation / ...

https://www.agilent.com/en/technology/time-resolved-fluorescence

Nokia sites use cookies to improve and personalize your experience and to display advertisements. The sites may also include cookies from third parties. By using this site, you consent to the use of cookies. Learn more ...

https://www.bell-labs.com/institute/publications/bl6690215/

Both the fluorescence decays and fluorescence anisotropies vary only weakly with the site and the degree of methylation. These ... Although the use of their fluorescence for analytical purposes was proposed, their fluorescence properties have not been ... The fluorescence quantum yield (3 × 10−4) and average decay time (0.9 ps) are slightly larger than those found for the DNA ... The present paper reports the first fluorescence study of xanthine solutions relying on femtosecond spectroscopy. Initially, we ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/12/1668

Reflected light fluorescence microscopy is overwhelmingly the current method of choice for widefield investigations with non- ... Fluorescence Microscopy. The Fluorescence Microscope. In fluorescence microscopy, wide variations between localized fluorophore ... Fluorescence Microscope Schematic Diagrams. Olympus BX51 Upright Microscope - The modern upright epi-fluorescence microscope is ... Anatomy of the Fluorescence Microscope - Fluorescence microscopes have evolved with amazing speed over the past decade, coupled ...

https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/anatomy/anatomyhome.html

Fluorescence Fluorescence is an additional identifying feature for a diamond. It is almost never noticeable even if its " ... What impact does fluorescence have on the appearance of a diamond?. GIA studies show that, for most diamonds, the strength of ... In the mid-color diamond range, fluorescence may actually help improve the color appearance. A diamond that fluoresces has the ... There is no sound reason for avoiding fluorescence. Yet, if the diamond is larger or the price is lower, you benefit. ...

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Watson, J. G., Chow, J. C., Frazier, C. A. (1999). X-ray fluorescence analysis of ambient air samplesX-ray fluorescence ...

https://www.dri.edu/publication/2135/

Fluorescence has long been used to detect biological targets. As these measurements are becoming more and more quantitative, ... A fluorescence spectrometer is used to measure the fluorescence emission spectra of a set of serial-diluted reference solutions ... The fluorescence emission spectrum of each bead suspension, used for fluorescence intensity calibration of flow cytometers as ... These reference microspheres, or "beads", over a range of fluorescence intensities are used to calibrate the fluorescence ...

https://www.pharmtech.com/view/nist-fluorescence-based-measurement-services-0

The red fluorescence in the middle of the jellyfish comes from chlorophyll in the ingested algae. Image courtesy of Mikhail ...

https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05deepscope/background/fluorescence/media/jellyfish.html

The fluorescence lifetime methods allow us to monitor FRET signals at the moment of the protein interactions at a resolution on ... Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is a better method than the x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic ... The fluorescence lifetime methods allow us to monitor FRET signals at the moment of the protein interactions at a resolution on ... Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is a better method than the x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic ...

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JBO.....6..287P/abstract

Posts under fluorescence in situ hybridization. Debbie Tulodzieski trades genetic testing for a new experiment: retirement. ...

https://www.akronchildrens.org/inside/tag/fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization/

Rice University chemistry lab uses fluorescence of molecular motors to sense conditions. How do you know a cell has a fever? ... Researchers studying single-walled carbon nanotubes at Rice University discovered new information about nanotube fluorescence ...

https://scitechdaily.com/tag/fluorescence/

Learn more about fluorescence lifetime in our latest article. ... What is Fluorescence Lifetime?. What is Fluorescence Lifetime? ... Fluorescence lifetime is an important photophysical parameter, but what is it? ... The fluorescence lifetime can be estimated from the measured decay using the time it takes the intensity to decrease to 1/e. ... Fluorescence intensity decays are often plotted on a logarithmic intensity scale as log(I(t)) versus time (t), as shown in ...

https://www.edinst.com/ko/blog/what-is-fluorescence-lifetime/

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging and Correlation Software. *Point, 2D, and 3D TTTR data acquisition with online preview of FLIM, ... Upright Time-resolved Fluorescence Microscope *Complete system with laser combining unit, upright microscope body and detection ... Time-resolved Confocal Fluorescence Microscope with Super-resolution Capability. *Complete confocal STED system based on ... Fluorescence Microscopes. PicoQuant offers different solutions for time-resolved confocal microscopy. The available systems ...

https://www.picoquant.com/products/category/fluorescence-microscopes

The light-sheet fluorescence microscope is used to study three-dimensional samples combining the advantages of the speed of traditional wide-field epi-fluorescence microscopy with the optical sectioning power of a confocal microscope. (tudelft.nl)
To find novel techniques that apply adaptive optics to light-sheet fluorescence microscopy in order to obtain better images and more information from biological samples. (tudelft.nl)
Cells and tissues examined with synthetic fluorophores in fluorescence microscopy. (microscopyu.com)
In fluorescence microscopy, wide variations between localized fluorophore concentrations within the specimen, coupled to differences in extinction coefficient and quantum yield from one fluorochrome to another, significantly influence the emission signal produced for a given quantity of excitation intensity. (fsu.edu)
Fluorescence Microscopy with Transmitted Light - Transmitted (or Diascopic) illumination was once the primary method of illumination for fluorescence samples. (fsu.edu)
This section discusses various aspects of transmitted fluorescence illumination and the equipment configurations necessary to perform this type of microscopy. (fsu.edu)
Reflected Light Fluorescence Microscopy Light Pathways - In reflected light K hler illumination for fluorescence microscopy, an image of the light source is focused by the collector lens onto the aperture iris diaphragm located in the vertical illuminator. (fsu.edu)
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is a better method than the x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, or electron microscopy for studying the structure and localization of proteins under physiological conditions. (harvard.edu)
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, or FLIM, encompasses several techniques for mapping the spatial distribution of excited-state lifetimes (i.e., fluorescence decay times) of emitting molecular species with nanosecond and microsecond temporal resolution. (princetoninstruments.com)
Images produced using fluorescence microscopy via FLIM, therefore, are based on the acquisition of decay-time data. (princetoninstruments.com)
A typical fluorescence imaging or microscopy system is composed of three major components: an illumination source , a photo-activated fluorophore sample, and a detector. (edmundoptics.com)
The figures below give examples of popular fluorophores and match an appropriate illumination laser and emission filter that could be used within a high performance fluorescence imaging or microscopy system. (edmundoptics.com)
3-Position Fluorescence Filter Cube Slider Assembly: Blue Filter, Green Filter, and No Filter for Brightfield Microscopy. (bargainmicroscopes.com)
Through a combination of microscopic simulations and fluorescence microscopy we find the lipid transport rate catalyzed by the DNA nanostructure exceeds 10 7 molecules per second, which is three orders of magnitude higher than the rate of lipid transport catalyzed by biological enzymes. (nature.com)

In order to study these processes in living cells, fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy techniques have been developed that allow the quantification of concentration levels, diffusion rates, and interactions between fluorescently labeled receptor proteins at the nanomolar concentration level. (nih.gov)
This chapter presents a brief introduction to the technique and a protocol to measure and quantify the diffusion and oligomerization of human histamine1 receptor complexes in living HeLa cells using line-scanning fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. (nih.gov)
Opportunities such extensive research in atomic spectroscopy can further improve the scope of atomic fluorescence spectrometers in industrial application. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
Methods and Applications in Fluorescence ™ is the forum for original research articles, review articles and technical notes in the area of fluorescence spectroscopy, imaging, fluorescent probes, labels and materials. (iop.org)
The binding-induced conformational change in the protein was investigated using circular dichroism, synchronous fluorescence, 3D fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy results. (jascoinc.com)

Anatomy of the Fluorescence Microscope - Fluorescence microscopes have evolved with amazing speed over the past decade, coupled to equally rapid advances in laser technology, solid-state detectors, interference thin film fabrication, and computer-based image analysis. (fsu.edu)
As the microscope manufacturers respond to the changing needs of the research community, the development of advanced fluorescence instruments and accessories will no doubt continue, and their ultimate contribution to explorations into nature's mysteries may ultimately be of profound significance. (fsu.edu)
Olympus BX51 Upright Microscope - The modern upright epi-fluorescence microscope is equipped with a vertical illuminator that contains a turret of filter cubes and a mercury or xenon arc lamp housing. (fsu.edu)
Olympus IX70 Inverted Microscope - Microscopes with an inverted-style frame are designed primarily for tissue culture applications and are capable of producing fluorescence illumination through an episcopic and optical pathway. (fsu.edu)
After excitation of the specimen, secondary fluorescence is collected by the objective and directed through the microscope optical train. (fsu.edu)
High Quality Professional Epi-Fluorescence Trinocular Microscope! (bargainmicroscopes.com)
If You Need a Fluorescence Microscope, and Don't have a Fortune to Spend on a Brand Name, then This is for You. (bargainmicroscopes.com)
Chromosomes stained with fluorescence dyes under the microscope. (mpg.de)
These techniques may also be used to visualize spirochetes using a fluorescence microscope. (medscape.com)
Ces ateliers ont pour objectif de permettre aux techniciens de laboratoire de maîtriser le diagnostic de la tuberculose par les techniques de coloration (auramine et fuchsine à chaud), pour le diagnostic de la tuberculose par la lecture au microscope LED à la fluorescence et au microscope ordinaire selon le plateau technique de chaque laboratoire. (who.int)

In addition, several of the more sophisticated fluorescence techniques, such as in situ hybridization and resonance energy transfer ( FRET ), have emission signal intensities that can range nine to ten orders of magnitude less than that of the excitation. (fsu.edu)

In the Novel Surgical Imaging for Tumor Excision (INSITE) trial, 392 patients were randomly assigned to undergo pegulicianine fluorescence-guided surgery (n = 357) or standard lumpectomy (n = 35). (medscape.com)
What is fluorescence imaging? (stryker.com)
Near-infrared (NIR) Fluorescence Imaging is an imaging technique that uses near-infrared light to excite an optical imaging agent that emits a light which is detected and visualized by a digital camera in real-time. (stryker.com)
The SPY Portable Handheld Imaging System (SPY-PHI System) is an active device used to visualize circulation, including lymphatics and blood vessels, as well as related tissue perfusion with near infrared fluorescence imaging during a variety of surgical procedures. (stryker.com)
These are fluorescence probes and an imaging technique. (news-medical.net)
Imaging with laser excitation and pinhole detection of fluorescence. (microscopyu.com)
Intraoperative fluorescence imaging offers the benefits of low cost, ease of use, no reliance upon damaging ionizing radiation and enhanced safety through visualization," said Michael Bouvet, MD , center co-director and former president of the International Society of Fluorescence Guided Surgery. (ucsd.edu)
UC San Diego Health uses fluorescence imaging to optimize a full spectrum of surgeries from common procedures, such as gallbladder removal and weight loss surgery to the most complex neurosurgical procedures," added Horgan, also director of the Center for the Future of Surgery at UC San Diego School of Medicine. (ucsd.edu)
They hope that near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF) will highlight pathological changes associated with the degenerative joint condition. (diagnosticimaging.com)
The '2nd LFD Workshop in Advanced Fluorescence Imaging and Dynamics' was held on October 22-26, 2007, at the Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics (LFD), University of California, Irvine. (uci.edu)
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of wide-field fluorescence imaging in the diagnosis of various lesions of the oral cavity, either in hard or soft tissues, in order to familiarize the dentist with the use of the equipment. (bvsalud.org)

These techniques, which are almost universally employed in both the medical and biological sciences, have spurred the development of more sophisticated microscopes and numerous fluorescence accessories. (microscopyu.com)
In order to compensate for these large discrepancies between the intensity of excitation and emission, modern fluorescence microscopes must be able to attenuate the excitation illumination by levels exceeding a billion times without disturbing the fluorescence signal. (fsu.edu)
Typically Costing $6K+, Our Line of Fluorescence Microscopes provide Nice Quality at Unbelievable Prices! (bargainmicroscopes.com)

Polychromatic fluorescence is collected by a fiber and directed to the single photon spectrometer. (suny.edu)
The spectrometer performs color separation and the measurement of fluorescence in the range of wavelengths from 480nm to 720nm. (suny.edu)
The fluorescence which comes to the spectrometer through the input fiber is coupled to a collimator which produces a parallel polychromatic beam of 10mm diameter. (suny.edu)
A fluorescence spectrometer is used to measure the fluorescence emission spectra of a set of serial-diluted reference solutions with known fluorophore concentrations, producing a calibration curve of the integrated fluorescence intensity versus the concentration of the reference fluorophore (see Figure 2 ). (pharmtech.com)
The fluorescence emission spectrum of each bead suspension, used for fluorescence intensity calibration of flow cytometers as described in the previous section, is then measured on the same fluorescence spectrometer as that used for the reference solutions with the same measurement conditions. (pharmtech.com)
An x-ray fluorescence spectrometer from Bruker is the elemental analysis instrument of choice for many industry, academic, and regulatory compliance applications in which ascertaining the exact elemental composition of a sample is the key to good decision-making and efficient, profitable operations. (bruker.com)
What is an X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer? (bruker.com)
An x-ray fluorescence spectrometer is an analytical chemistry instrument that determines each element present in a sample, as well as the quantity the elements present when applicable. (bruker.com)
The Bruker AXS S4 Pioneer is a sequential X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer designed for qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative elemental analysis of solids, liquids or powders. (uea.ac.uk)

we have corrected aberrations in the illumination path and found a technique to correct for aberrations in the detected fluorescence light. (tudelft.nl)
In the rapidly expanding fields of cellular and molecular biology, widefield and confocal fluorescence illumination and observation is becoming one of the techniques of choice. (microscopyu.com)
Explore the light paths in Nikon's SMZ1500 stereomicroscope equipped for fluorescence illumination using an intermediate tube and external lamphouse. (microscopyu.com)
Fluorescence illumination from the arc lamp passes through a collector lens and into a cube that contains a set of interference filters, including a dichroic mirror, barrier filter, and excitation filter. (fsu.edu)
Therefore, we conclude that the fluorescence optical system allows the dentist to identify structures and alterations in the oral cavity in a simple, noninvasive, and in real-time procedure, revealing injuries that would not be easily detected with conventional illumination. (bvsalud.org)
Epi-Fluorescence Illumination System: Blue and Green Excitation Fluorescence Filter Cubes. (bargainmicroscopes.com)

A unique feature of x-ray fluorescence spectrometers is that the energy-dispersive type can be used non-destructively, making them appropriate for samples that need to be preserved or cannot be altered. (bruker.com)
For more detailed information regarding how x-ray fluorescence spectrometers work, see out step-by-step guide to how XRF works. (bruker.com)
Atomic fluorescence spectrometers are devices that determine elements composition by its electromagnetic spectrum. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
However, complexities associated with accurate measurement and costs involved in atomic fluorescence spectrometers continue to restrain the growth of this market. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
The global atomic fluorescence spectrometers market is segmented on the basis of technology, application, and geography. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
The study provides an in-depth analysis of the global atomic fluorescence spectrometers market and current & future trends to elucidate the imminent investment pockets. (alliedmarketresearch.com)

Considering that many specimens contain only minute quantities of fluorescent material in any particular viewfield, these combined factors produce an average level of fluorescence emission that is four to six orders of magnitude less than the excitation intensity. (fsu.edu)
The present objective of this group is for NIST to provide fluorescence intensity assignments to reference microspheres submitted by the consortium members. (pharmtech.com)
This service assures consistency and traceability of the value assignment and enables the standardization of the fluorescence intensity scale and performance characteristics of flow cytometers. (pharmtech.com)
Antigen expression level, indicative of the presence of a functional gene, is then measured via the fluorescence intensity of these cell-bound antibodies. (pharmtech.com)
The NIST assignment of equivalent reference fluorophore (ERF) units to the mean fluorescence signal, typically referred to as the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in flow cytometry, using calibration beads in suspension helps to define the ERF scale. (pharmtech.com)
Because every fluorescence detection system produces a different signal intensity for the same sample, reference solutions have commonly been used in flow cytometry and other fluorescence-based techniques (2) to relate the measured fluorescence intensity to the reference fluorophore concentration. (pharmtech.com)
In this way, the fluorescence intensity of each suspension can be expressed in ERF units, as illustrated in Figure 2 by the dye-labeled bead suspension data point on the linear calibration curve. (pharmtech.com)
τ can be experimentally determined by exciting the population of molecules with a short excitation pulse (from a laser, LED or flashlamp) and recording the fluorescence intensity decay (Figure 2a). (edinst.com)
Figure 2 (a) Fluorescence intensity decay following a short excitation pulse on a (a) linear and (b) logarithmic intensity scale. (edinst.com)
Fluorescence intensity decays are often plotted on a logarithmic intensity scale as log(I(t)) versus time (t), as shown in Figure 2b, which is a straight line for a single lifetime decay. (edinst.com)
The fluorescence lifetime can be estimated from the measured decay using the time it takes the intensity to decrease to 1/e. (edinst.com)
Different molecular and environmental conditions not only effect whether a molecule will fluoresce or not, but can also determine the intensity of the emitted fluorescence radiation. (jascoinc.com)
The relative method compares the fluorescence intensity of a standard sample with the fluorescence intensity of an unknown sample to calculate the quantum yield of the unknown sample. (jascoinc.com)
An apparent rate constant (kapp) for transport of protons has been determined from the rate of change of fluorescence intensity of pyranine by stopped flow rapid kinetics in the presence of proton gradient The variation of kapp has been studied as a function of ionophore concentration and the results have been compared with gramicidin-a well known channel former under the similar experimental conditions. (who.int)
The fluorochrome-labeled cells are analyzed by using a flow cytometer, which categorizes individual cells according to size, granularity, fluorochrome, and intensity of fluorescence. (cdc.gov)
The procedure yields structures with high fluorescence intensities and narrow intensity distributions. (rsc.org)
rMFI, relative median fluorescence intensity. (cdc.gov)

FLIM is a technique which measures the fluorescence lifetime of molecules. (princetoninstruments.com)

Here we review our efforts in developing techniques for measuring the laser-induced fluorescence (total and spectrally dispersed) of individual airborne particles, and describe our present system, which can measure fluorescence spectra of single micrometer-sized bioaerosol particles with good signal-to- noise ratios. (cdc.gov)

Rice University chemistry lab uses fluorescence of molecular motors to sense conditions. (scitechdaily.com)
Fluorescence lifetime is an important photophysical parameter that provides insight into the energy relaxation and dynamics of the species under study, such as energy transfer between molecular states, molecular rotation, and dynamic quenching. (edinst.com)

Examining specimens labeled with molecules that absorb light and emit fluorescence. (microscopyu.com)
The aim of this protocol is to produce a calibration curve of fluorescence vs molecules of GFPmut3b. (igem.org)
This is to help us convert our fluorescence data in arbitrary units into the normalised units of rate of molecules of GFPmut3b synthesised per cell per min/sec . (igem.org)
FAV uses the ability of endogenous molecules to absorb specific wavelengths and emit fluorescence. (cdc.gov)
pH dependent fluorescence studies revealed the existence of electrostatic interaction between the protein and dye molecules. (jascoinc.com)

Fluorescence anisotropy was used to characterize differences in the membrane fluidity of C. nodaensis with and without cold adaptation. (usda.gov)

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry works by emitting an X-ray photon beam that is incident upon the atoms of the sample being analyzed. (bruker.com)

The fluorescence lifetime methods allow us to monitor FRET signals at the moment of the protein interactions at a resolution on the order of subnanoseconds, providing high temporal, as well as spatial resolution. (harvard.edu)

Bouvet now routinely uses fluorescence-guided surgical techniques in parathyroid, adrenal and esophageal surgeries. (ucsd.edu)

In many instances, observers prefer the appearance of diamonds that have medium to strong fluorescence. (mervisdiamond.com)
IMAGE: NIRF following injection of fluorochrome dye in mouse shows strong fluorescence signal emitted from arthritic joints. (diagnosticimaging.com)

The Nikon blue excitation fluorescence filter combinations include bandpass and longpass sets having both broad and narrow excitation bandwidths. (microscopyu.com)

The system is capable of detecting multicolor fluorescence produced by mixtures of fluorescent dyes as well as by micro and nano-objects. (suny.edu)
I applied the developed data acquisition system for detection of multicolor fluorescence of mixtures of quantum dots, high speed detection of micro-beads encoded with quantum dots and fluorescent dyes, and DNA sequencing by capillary electrophoresis. (suny.edu)

This large difference in emission efficiency indicates that the platinum(IV) center in 4 is more effective at quenching the dansyl-based fluorescence than the platinum(II) center in 2. (mit.edu)
When a dark-adapted leaf is illuminated with saturating light, a fast polyphasic rise of fluorescence emission (Kautsky effect) is observed. (unl.pt)
For this study we used an optical fluorescence system with emission in the violet region (Evince, MMOptics, São Carlos, SP, Brazil). (bvsalud.org)
BLUE Fluorescence Excitation Dichroic Filter Cube: Excitation Spectrum 420 - 485nm, Emission Filter 515nm. (bargainmicroscopes.com)
GREEN Fluorescence Excitation Dichroic Filter Cube: Excitation Spectrum 460 - 550nm, Emission Filter 590nm. (bargainmicroscopes.com)

The most basic one and possibly the most important one to overcome is a fluorescence scale on flow cytometers that changes in magnitude between different cytometer platforms and when different reference microspheres with fluorescence intensities assigned by their respective manufacturers are used. (pharmtech.com)
These reference microspheres, or "beads", over a range of fluorescence intensities are used to calibrate the fluorescence signal of a flow cytometer. (pharmtech.com)

Fluorescence Illuminators enable examination of large specimens in stereomicroscopy. (microscopyu.com)
Straight or L-Shaped fluorescence illuminators have high UV transmission at 340nm and combine with the six-position filter cube turret to provide outstanding fluorescence brightness and system flexibility. (eagle-i.net)

To improve patient outcomes, investigators assessed whether a novel fluorescence-guided surgery system helped surgeons perform more complete resections during lumpectomy. (medscape.com)
To prevent surgeons from performing a smaller than standard lumpectomy in anticipation of using the pegulicianine fluorescence-guided system, patients were randomly assigned to the pegulicianine fluorescence-guided surgery group or the control group. (medscape.com)
In this study design, each patient undergoing pegulicianine fluorescence-guided surgery served as her own control," they write. (medscape.com)
With use of pegulicianine fluorescence-guided surgery, positive margins were converted to negative margins for 9 of 62 patients (14.5%), potentially averting a second surgery in those patients. (medscape.com)
Overall, the authors say that pegulicianine fluorescence-guided surgery removed residual tumor (27 of 357) or avoided second surgeries (9 of 357) in 10% of patients in the trial. (medscape.com)
The current trial findings confirm results regarding the safety and efficacy of pegulicianine fluorescence-guided surgery and the direct visualization system that were reported in a prior multicenter feasibility study , the authors say. (medscape.com)
Is fluorescence guided surgery as effective as other tracers in sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in breast cancer patients? (stryker.com)
Dr. Hadjipanayis talks about 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery for brain tumors after FDA approval of Gleolan. (zeiss.com)
He speaks about the association of maximal resection of non-contrast-enhanced tumors and overall survival as well as the advantages of 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery in this context. (zeiss.com)
One technique that can aid in recovery rates is fluorescence image-guided surgery (FGS). (news-medical.net)
Fluorescence image-guided surgery is gaining prominence in this field for this reason. (news-medical.net)
The field of fluorescence image-guided surgery is predicted to grow over the coming years as more clinical research is focused on the techniques. (news-medical.net)
Fluorescence image-guided surgery utilizes two distinct but complementary technologies. (news-medical.net)
In the 1990's, Nobel Laureate Roger Tsien, PhD, took some of the first dramatic steps to revolutionize the field of surgery by introducing the concept of using fluorescence to light up cells for easy identification. (ucsd.edu)
UC San Diego Health launches new Center for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery. (ucsd.edu)
The new Center for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery at UC San Diego Health builds upon Dr. Tsien's work here and his legacy," said Santiago Horgan, MD , the center's director and chief of minimally invasive surgery. (ucsd.edu)
Fluorescence-Guided Surgery, or FGS, can be used in open, laparoscopic and robotic surgeries to identify critical structures, tumor margins and blood flow in tissues, in real-time. (ucsd.edu)
The new Center for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery builds upon Roger Tsien's groundbreaking work at UC San Diego. (ucsd.edu)

A limited number of fluorescence probes have been approved by the United States Food and Drug and Administration, even though many do fulfill the aforementioned criteria. (news-medical.net)
Using fluorescence to examine dynamic interactions between probes in living cells. (microscopyu.com)

The measurement of up to 83 elements of the period table is enabled by wavelength dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (WDXRF) in samples of various forms and nature: whether liquids or solids, conductive or nonconductive. (azooptics.com)
Real-time measurement of fluorescence spectra from single airborne biological particles. (cdc.gov)

The light required to trigger fluorescence is generated by a near-infrared radiation source attached to a camera, which tracks and documents fluorescence absorption in real time. (ucsd.edu)

The remarkable thing about this fluorescence is not just that it's bright, but that it can go through tissue, so you can see a tumor or nerves even if they are buried deep in other tissues," said Nguyen, head and neck surgeon. (ucsd.edu)
The ability to detect tumor tissue by fluorescence is unprecedented. (embs.org)

and 2) Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting or FACS. (europa.eu)

In this application note, the fluorescence spectra for several samples will be obtained using an integrating sphere and the quantum yields will be calculated using the absolute method and compared with literature values. (jascoinc.com)

Unfortunately, in brightfield transmitted light fluorescence, it is difficult to separate the excitation light from the fluorescing light because both kinds of light directly enter the objective. (fsu.edu)
After passing through the objective and being focused onto the specimen, reflected excitation and secondary fluorescence are filtered upon return through the cube. (fsu.edu)

Uniquely broad scope and audience: bridging cutting-edge multidisciplinary research across all areas of fluorescence and the transition of those findings into new and innovative outcomes. (iop.org)

This study was designed to determine whether autofluorescence emitted from longitudinal tooth fractures (LTFs) differs between fracture types, with the aim of determining which clinical factors are related to red fluorescence at the fracture line. (bvsalud.org)
LTF autofluorescence was captured using a fluorescence technique . (bvsalud.org)

Figure 1 illustrates a calibration curve of ERF units versus fluorescence signal. (pharmtech.com)

The red fluorescence in the middle of the jellyfish comes from chlorophyll in the ingested algae. (noaa.gov)

MESA-50 X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer The worldwide RoHS, WEEE and ELV directives specify strict limits on the inclusio. (its-sciencemedical.com)

The fluorescence probe is usually an organic molecule, for example, a dye or a biomacromolecule (for example, a fluorescent protein) or even a nanomaterial (like a quantum dot). (news-medical.net)
There are two methods for measuring the fluorescence quantum yield: the absolute method and the relative method. (jascoinc.com)
The absolute method directly obtains the quantum yield by detecting all sample fluorescence through the use of an integrating sphere. (jascoinc.com)

Fluorescence techniques can be used as an adjunct to clinical examination of the mouth, detecting tissue changes in oral mucosa or hard dental tissues, which might be unnoticed by the dentist or even difficult to detect under white light examination. (bvsalud.org)

Next, the light (primarily secondary fluorescence) is routed to the eyepieces or detector. (fsu.edu)

Basic equipment and techniques necessary for observing specimens in fluorescence. (microscopyu.com)
In this paper, we evaluate the potential of rapid fluorescence transients, aided by machine learning techniques, to classify plant genotypes. (unl.pt)
Cytométrie par fluorescence : apports comparatifs des techniques flux, image et confocale / édité par P. Métézeau, M.-H. Ratinaud, P. Carayon. (who.int)

With the fluorescence system was possible to observe changes in hard dental tissues such as bright spots, dental plaque and calculus, incipient carious and marginal microleakage lesions. (bvsalud.org)

Range Precision sensitivity adjustment in four steps of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 relative fluorescence units fullscale. (bucksci.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms6

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs108

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment62

Phenomena and Processes59

Disciplines and Occupations8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture12

Information Science7

Health Care4

Stabilization of poly-L-lysine/DNA polyplexes for in vivo gene delivery to the liver. (1/5934)

Relocating the active site of activated protein C eliminates the need for its protein S cofactor. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer study. (2/5934)

Mitochondrial depolarization accompanies cytochrome c release during apoptosis in PC6 cells. (3/5934)

Novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants readily diffuse across the blood-brain barrier and access intracellular sites. (4/5934)

A fluorescent orthotopic bone metastasis model of human prostate cancer. (5/5934)

A sialoglycoprotein, gp20, of the human capacitated sperm surface is a homologue of the leukocyte CD52 antigen: analysis of the effect of anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody (CAMPATH-1) on capacitated spermatozoa. (6/5934)

Two affinities for a single antagonist at the neuronal NK1 tachykinin receptor: evidence from quantitation of receptor endocytosis. (7/5934)

Simultaneous detection of multiple green fluorescent proteins in live cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. (8/5934)

Fluorescence

Spectrometry, Fluorescence

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Fluorescence Polarization

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

Fluorescent Dyes

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching

Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton

Tryptophan

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Energy Transfer

Kinetics

Rhodamines

Luminescent Proteins

Fluoresceins

Carbocyanines

Microscopy, Confocal

Fluorometry

Optical Imaging

Photobleaching

Photons

Protein Conformation

Protein Binding

Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay

Circular Dichroism

Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates

Fluorescein

2-Naphthylamine

Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate

Chlorophyll

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Diffusion

Lasers

Acrylamide

Binding Sites

Temperature

Pyrenes

Dansyl Compounds

Time Factors

Diphenylhexatriene

Calcium

Molecular Sequence Data

Light

Naphthalenesulfonates

Photochemistry

Cell Membrane

Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission

Biophysics

Molecular Imaging

Staining and Labeling

Liposomes

Quantum Dots

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Models, Molecular

Biophysical Phenomena

Flow Cytometry

Protein Denaturation

Aminolevulinic Acid

Indocyanine Green

Thermodynamics

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Mathematics

Amino Acid Sequence

Biosensing Techniques

DNA

Cell Line

Lipid Bilayers

Models, Chemical

Guanidine

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Membrane Fluidity

Indicators and Reagents

Cells, Cultured

Sensitivity and Specificity

Phosphatidylcholines

Escherichia coli

4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Cattle