Vascular remodelling in the embryo

Parallel-plate flow chamber

Lipid bilayer

Stereocilia (inner ear)

Inflammation

Denis Wirtz

Artificial heart valve

Vocal cords

Traumatic brain injury

Human genetic resistance to malaria

Human genetic resistance to malaria

MicroRNA

Integrating extracellular matrix1

• Towards integrating extracellular matrix and immunological pathways. (springer.com)

Computational fluid dy8

• Magnitude and role of wall shear stress on cerebral aneurysm: computational fluid dynamics study of 20 middle cerebral artery aneurysms. (ajnr.org)
• During his medical school years, he worked on designing and developing novel mechanical heart valves making use of computational fluid dynamics methods and additive manufacturing techniques. (stanford.edu)
• Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), we investigated the hemodynamic conditions related to the orientation of the LVAD outflow in these patients.We identified 10 patients with new aortic regurgitation, and 20 who did not, after LVAD implantation between 2009 and 2018. (stanford.edu)
• The work by J. S. Byun, S.-Y. Choi, and T. Seo attempts to investigate the hemodynamic phenomena in the cerebral arteries before and after surgery of the aneurysm with patient-specific pre- and postsurgery cerebral arterial geometries by using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics models. (hindawi.com)
• In this study, the patient-specific geometries are used, the flow dynamics is solved by using computational fluid dynamics, and the turbulence is modeled by the large eddy simulation. (hindawi.com)
• Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed on parametric bifurcation models with increasing angles having: 1) symmetrical geometry (bifurcation angle 60°-180°), 2) asymmetrical geometry (daughter angles 30°/60° and 30°/90°), and 3) curved parent vessel (bifurcation angles 60°-120°), all at baseline and double flow rate. (thejns.org)
• Furthermore, a computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to evaluate the flow and wall shear stress conditions inside sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms at different inflow angles. (thejns.org)
• The purpose of this report is to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of renal vein inflow and filter position on unoccluded and partially occluded IVC filters using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics. (unt.edu)

Laminar shear stress4

• Similarly, intravascular laminar shear stress (LSS) (3 dyn cm −2 ) oriented tangential to ECs located downstream of the vessel bifurcation also causes a significant decrease in permeability compared to the static control condition via the NO pathway. (rsc.org)
• We show that laminar shear stress results in a ligand specific gene expression profile in endothelial cells (HUVEC). (rsc.org)
• The results show that laminar shear stress inhibited both SMC migration and invasion through a reconstituted ECM layer. (ahajournals.org)
• Laminar shear stress ranging from 10 to 25 dyn/cm decreases smooth muscle proliferation (10, 12) and migration (3, 7) and induces a phenotypic shift from a synthetic to a more differentiated and contractile morphology (6). (semanticscholar.org)

Flow shear stress2

• The initial slope of dilations, when WSS increased rapidly, was greater in vessels of WT than those of PECAM-KO mice (slopes: 0.378 and 0.094, respectively), whereas the second phase of dilations, when flow/shear stress was steady, was similar in the 2 groups (slopes: 0.085 and 0.094, respectively). (ahajournals.org)
• Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are constantly exposed to hemodynamic forces in vivo, including flow shear stress and cyclic stretch caused by the blood flow. (springer.com)

Proteins5

• 10 When an endothelial monolayer is exposed to increasing levels of fluid shear stress, cell-cell junction-associated proteins have been shown to undergo a corresponding reorganization, whereas the integrity of the endothelial monolayer remains unaffected. (ahajournals.org)
• Several mouse models have been used to examine the role of shear sensitive genes and proteins in atherogenesis. (physiology.org)
• Tissue fluid is basically blood plasma with a great reduced protein content, because the plasma proteins are too large to diffuse through the capillary walls. (lymphedemapeople.com)
• Lipid raft proteins were isolated from ECs exposed to oscillatory shear stress (OS) or pulsatile shear stress, and then analyzed by quantitative proteomics. (pnas.org)
• Since in bacteria there is no evidence of protein being produced other than internally, the separation into intraand extracellular proteins should occur after peptide chain formation. (unt.edu)

Cells55

• In this way, we have also gained insight into the interactions occurring within the vascular system, which are highly affected by the dynamics of physical collisions between cells and by shear forces. (elsevier.com)
• Localized cdc42 activation, detected using a novel assay, mediates microtubule organizing center positioning in endothelial cells in response to fluid shear stress. (ox.ac.uk)
• Fluid flow regulates morphology, physiology, and pathophysiology of vascular endothelial cells (reviewed in Ref. 1). (ox.ac.uk)
• Here, by simultaneously monitoring Ca 2+ and actin dynamics in single cells exposed to fluid shear flow, we detected actin network contractions immediately upon onset of flow-induced Ca 2+ transients, which were facilitated by smooth muscle myosin and further confirmed in native osteocytes ex vivo. (elsevier.com)
• Thus, mammalian cells can adapt to the extracellular environment by modulating the primary cilium length, and this feedback system utilizing primary cilia might exist throughout the mammalian body. (elsevier.com)
• The results reveal that the cell exhibits complex heterogeneous negative and positive strain fluctuations along stress fibres in resting cells that indicate localized contraction and stretch dynamics. (biologists.org)
• To examine whether decreases in fluid shear stress affect endothelial cytosolic pH, carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1-loaded rat aortic endothelial cells were cultured in glass microcapillary tubes and examined during abrupt reductions in laminar flow. (ahajournals.org)
• When endothelial cells cultured in microcapillary tubes are exposed for brief periods (2 to 5 minutes) to an abrupt increase in fluid shear stress from 0.3 to 13.4 dyne/cm 2 in a bicarbonate buffer, pH i decreases by 0.09 pH unit and then returns to baseline after flow is reduced back to control levels. (ahajournals.org)
• Acute reductions in fluid shear stress are associated with endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction 11 and with proliferation of subjacent neointimal smooth muscle cells, which may be stimulated by growth factors derived from the endothelium. (ahajournals.org)
• On the basis of studies of endothelial cells in culture, suggesting that platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is specifically involved in sensing and coupling high temporal gradients of fluid shear stress with activation of eNOS, we hypothesized that dilations of isolated skeletal muscle arterioles from PECAM-1 knockout mice (PECAM-KO) will be reduced to rapid increases in WSS elicited by increases in perfusate flow. (ahajournals.org)
• Notch signaling and blood flow regulate vascular formation and maturation, but how shear stress affects the different components of the Notch pathway in endothelial cells is poorly understood. (rsc.org)
• We further demonstrate that the signaling potential of endothelial cells is enhanced after exposure to shear stress. (rsc.org)
• Together we demonstrate a Jagged1 specific shear stress response for Notch signaling in endothelial cells. (rsc.org)
• Several studies have shown that Notch receptors are essential in endothelial cells (ECs) to respond to shear stress. (rsc.org)
• 2 The cells sensing and responding to shear stress are the endothelial cells (ECs), forming the contact layer between the blood flow and the vessel wall. (rsc.org)
• In zebrafish endocardial cells Notch signaling is lost upon inhibition of the heartbeat, showing that Notch is strain and/or shear responsive. (rsc.org)
• Cells are able to tightly regulate the concentration of ATP and other nucleotides in the extracelluar space through a balance of release and extracellular metabolism of these nucleotides. (physiology.org)
• Extracellular ATP can target glia and neurons, as well as the smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells that populate cerebrovascular interfaces ( 1 , 21 , 32 ). (physiology.org)
• Shear stress is the tangential force imparted by viscous fluid flowing over endothelial cells ( 5 , 16 ). (physiology.org)
• Endothelial cells sense changes in shear stress and trigger mechanosensitive cell signaling events ( 2 , 10 ). (physiology.org)
• Endothelial cells in straight part of the arteries experience unidirectional, high time-averaged WSS (laminar shear). (physiology.org)
• Laminar shear induces acute and chronic changes in endothelial cells leading to cell alignment, vasodilation, inhibition of inflammation, and coagulation, which are atheroprotective responses. (physiology.org)
• Although these in vitro studies have provided critical insights regarding shear sensitive mechanisms in cultured endothelial cells using modeled flow conditions, it cannot be assumed whether identical mechanisms are responsible for flow-dependent changes in vessels in vivo and vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. (physiology.org)
• Konstantinos Konstantopoulos studies how cells sense and respond to physical cues, such as confinement and fluid shear, pertinent to cancer metastasis. (jhu.edu)
• Interstitial fluid (or tissue fluid, or intercellular fluid) is a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. (lymphedemapeople.com)
• On average, a person has about 11 litres (2.4 imperial gallons) of interstitial fluid providing the cells of the body with nutrients and a means of waste removal. (lymphedemapeople.com)
• This internal environment, also called cell milieu, is a thin layer of fluid, namely the tissue fluid or interstitial fluid which envelopes and bathes the living cells of the body. (lymphedemapeople.com)
• In order for the cells to remain alive and healthy, the tissue fluid must remain in a stable condition, i.e. it must receive a constant supply of oxygen and food, and the waste products must be removed from it. (lymphedemapeople.com)
• The mechanotransduction of these physical cues to endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall can also trigger the promotion or repression of certain genes which are responsible for vasodilation, cell alignment, and other shear stress-mitigating factors. (wikipedia.org)
• Owing to difficulties associated with the transfer of momentum between the two-phase flow of solid suspension cells moving within the liquid medium, extensive work has been conducted to analyze fluid dynamics in bioreactors. (biomedcentral.com)
• Background -After endovascular injury, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may be exposed to hemodynamic shear stress (SS), and these forces modulate neointima accumulation. (ahajournals.org)
• Fluid Shear Stress on Endothelial Cells Modulates Mechanical Tension across VE-Cadherin and PECAM-1. (cellmigration.org)
• The metabolic response of cells in vitro is associated with the wall shear stress. (wikipedia.org)
• In these methods, the shear stresses exerted on the cells are assumed approximately equal to the chamber wall shear stresses since cell height is approximately two orders of magnitude less than the chamber. (wikipedia.org)
• It makes possible study of the effects of constant shear-stress on cells over a defined time-period. (wikipedia.org)
• Since these earlier studies, numerous researchers have utilized the parallel plate flow chamber and modified versions of it to examine the dynamics of neutrophil adhesion to various substrates, including endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes, transfected cell lines, and purified molecules. (wikipedia.org)
• Many researchers used parallel-plate flow chambers to investigate the dynamic adhesion between leukocytes (white blood cells) and endothelial cells (blood vessel lining cells) under definite shear stress. (wikipedia.org)
• The expression of VE-cadherin in breast cancer cells modulates cell dynamics as a function of tumor differentiation and promotes tumor-endothelial cell interactions. (nih.gov)
• Fluid Shear Stress-Mediated Signal Transduction: How Do Endothelial Cells Transduce Mechanical Force into Biological Responses? (naver.com)
• After stretch, Müller cells showed fast activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (after 15 minutes), upregulation of transcription factor c-Fos (after 1 hour), and basic fibroblast growth factor (after 3 hours). (arvojournals.org)
• In endothelial cells, we find that Ena/VASP activity is required for normal F-actin content, actomyosin contractility, and proper response to shear stress. (rupress.org)
• Maintenance and modulation of endothelial barrier function is necessary to control the movement of nutrients, fluids, and immune cells between the intravascular and extravascular compartments. (rupress.org)
• Through the work of many dedicated laboratories, we are now certain that shear stress exerts a profound effect on endothelial cells which line all vessels. (semanticscholar.org)
• So, if smooth muscle and adventitial cells are shielded, in a relative sense, from shear stress and are most responsive to hemodynamic-imposed stretch, the influences of shear stress would seem to be of little concern in these cell types. (semanticscholar.org)
• However, if one considers the forces produced by the flow of interstitial fluid through the vessel wall, then shear stress forces may in fact be an important factor in regulating smooth muscle cells and vessel wall integrity. (semanticscholar.org)
• The few studies that have been performed with vascular fibroblasts show that these cells are also sensitive to shear stress and that cell confluency, hence phenotype, modulates the degree to which fibroblasts respond to shear stress (2). (semanticscholar.org)
• While these findings confirm that vascular cells other than the endothelium have the ability to sense and respond to shear stress, a major limitation develops in extrapolating these results to more physiologically relevant settings since the magnitudes of shear stress used in most of these studies were relatively high and unlikely to be encountered by these cell types in vivo, even under conditions where interstitial flow is substantially raised. (semanticscholar.org)
• Their earlier study aptly modeled transmural flow through the arterial wall and calculated values of shear stress around smooth muscle cells residing in various locations (i.e., near or away from the fenestral pore of the internal elastic lamina) in the medial layer of the vessel (11). (semanticscholar.org)
• Cells in the body are exposed to a variety of mechanical forces such as hypotonic swelling, hydrostatic pressure, mechanical stretch and shear stress. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
• Cellular functions related to the maintenance of homoeostasis are regulated by shear forces sensed by endothelial cells. (omicsonline.org)
• The endothelial cells sense local changes in shear stress. (omicsonline.org)
• Lower part, fluid flow can have multiple effects on biofilm formation, including the promotion of surface attachment through shear trapping near a surface and the transport of compounds, such as quorum-sensing molecules, away from producing cells and toward cells located downstream. (asm.org)
• This is, however, not the case for blood cells because they circulate freely within the fluid environment of the blood plasma. (pnas.org)
• In addition, flow chamber experiments have demonstrated that Ca 2+ channels can also respond to mechanical stimulation of immune cells by shear flow ( 7 - 10 ). (sciencemag.org)
• Most of the existing work on Ca 2+ signaling in immune cells has focused on the identification of channels and adapter molecules that regulate Ca 2+ dynamics, and some studies have begun to address the molecular mechanisms that govern Ca 2+ fluxes ( 11 - 18 ). (sciencemag.org)

Stresses6

• Is the Subject Area "Shear stresses" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
• however, hydrodynamic cultures expose PSCs to complex physical and chemical environments that include spatially and temporally modulated fluid shear stresses and heterogeneous mass transport. (biomedcentral.com)
• By combining an active polar fluid model with measurements of physical forces as a function of tissue size, contractility, cellâ€"cell and cellâ€"substrate adhesion, and substrate stiffness, we show that the wetting transition results from the competition between traction forces and contractile intercellular stresses. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
• A parallel-plate fluid flow chamber is a benchtop (in vitro) model that simulates fluid shear stresses on various cell types exposed to dynamic fluid flow in their natural, physiological environment. (wikipedia.org)
• The fast bloodstream of animals is associated with large shear stresses. (pnas.org)
• Natural regions of stagnant/recirculating flow in the IVC are observed superior to the bilateral renal vein inflows, and high flow velocities and elevated shear stresses are observed in the vicinity of renal inflow. (unt.edu)

Oscillatory5

• Atherosclerosis is closely associated with disturbed flow characterized by low and oscillatory shear stress, but studies directly linking disturbed flow to atherogenesis is lacking. (physiology.org)
• Here, we characterize partial carotid ligation as a model of disturbed flow with characteristics of low and oscillatory wall shear stress. (physiology.org)
• Although multiple systemic factors such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking are well-known risk factors, atherosclerosis occurs preferentially at particular areas of disturbed flow characterized by low and oscillatory wall shear stress (WSS) in branched or curved arteries ( 19 , 34 ). (physiology.org)
• The pathological hemodynamic parameters, in terms of the percentage area of low wall shear stress (WSS), high oscillatory shear index (OSI), and high relative residence time (RRT), were quantified to be associated with potential clinical outcomes. (unl.edu)
• The realization that different patterns (laminar vs. oscillatory), magnitudes (high vs. low), and spatial gradients of shear stress can influence the overall vessel homeostasis has led to an intense investigation into how shear stress regulates the structural and functional phenotype of the blood vessel. (semanticscholar.org)

Induces3

• Thus, shear-stimulated integrin dynamics induce polarized Cdc42 activity, which induces MTOC localization through the Par6-protein kinase Czeta complex. (ox.ac.uk)
• We show that bifurcated fluid flow (BFF) that arises only at the base of a vessel bifurcation and is characterized by stagnation pressure of ∼38 dyn cm −2 and approximately zero shear stress induces significant decrease in EC permeability compared to the static control condition in a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent manner. (rsc.org)
• Lower-than-physiological shear stress values with our without oscillations are considered particularly atherogenic as it induces endothelial dysfunction which leads to plaque deposition [ 1 , 14 - 22 ]. (omicsonline.org)

Hemodynamic4

• Once fluid flow begins, biomechanical and hemodynamic inputs are applied to the system set up by vasculogenesis, and the active remodelling process can begin. (wikipedia.org)
• After vascular injury, however, SMCs may be exposed to hemodynamic shear stress, and in balloon-injured carotid arteries, low flow enhanced but high flow inhibited neointima accumulation. (ahajournals.org)
• The endothelium, in turn, can communicate the condition of the hemodynamic environment to which it is exposed to underlying vascular components such as smooth muscle and adventitial fibroblasts, resulting in a propagation of shear stress effects to the entire vessel wall. (semanticscholar.org)
• Thus vascular smooth muscle and adventitial fibroblasts are remote from the actual hemodynamic shear forces. (semanticscholar.org)

Signal transduction2

• 13 14 15 These findings suggest that reductions in fluid shear stress may activate signal transduction mechanisms that alter vascular reactivity and, if sustained, may stimulate atherogenesis. (ahajournals.org)
• 7a The molecular basis of shear stress-induced mechanochemical signal transduction, and the endothelium's ability to discriminate between high temporal gradients and steady values of shear stress, remains largely unclear, and has not yet been demonstrated in intact vessels. (ahajournals.org)

Changes in shear stress1

• To illustrate this point, changes in shear stress are perceived by the endothelium and converted in biochemical signals, which are then relayed to enzyme systems that generate vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide (NO). Through a paracrine effect, NO activates the molecular machinery that governs smooth muscle contractility, thereby translating changes in shear stress into an alteration of vessel diameter. (semanticscholar.org)

Response to shear stress1

• Here we show a unique ligand specific response to shear stress on gene expression and protein levels, with a specific role for Jagged1. (rsc.org)

Responsive to shear stress2

• 19 Specifically, the Notch signaling pathway is responsive to shear stress. (rsc.org)
• The basic notion that vascular smooth muscle and fibroblasts are responsive to shear stress has been tested by several investigative teams in the past. (semanticscholar.org)

Flows11

• We discuss the leading hypotheses for how cilia-generated asymmetric fluid flows are translated into asymmetric molecular signals. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
• Emphasis is on the structure of turbulent shear flows and the forces exerted by fluid motions on bed of loosed sediment. (nottingham.ac.uk)
• These opposing flows in a patient could be expected to result in interference or a shearing effect. (scirp.org)
• Both systems involve complex flows and fluid-structure interactions of large displacements and large deformations. (hindawi.com)
• Therefore, the goal of this special issue was to collect together recent contributions on the development of numerical methods for complex flows and fluid-structure interaction in circulatory and reproductive systems and/or on addressing the complicated flow physics and heat and mass transfer in these systems for fundamental understanding as well as engineering applications. (hindawi.com)
• AS BLOOD FLOWS THROUGH the vascular network, it creates fluid mechanical forces that can be predicted based on established physical principles of fluid dynamics. (semanticscholar.org)
• Fluid flows can induce long-ranged interactions and propagate information on large scales. (mpg.de)
• What are the principal mechanisms of how fluid flows induce, transmit and respond to biological signals and thus control morphology? (mpg.de)
• Fluid flows are particularly prominent during the growth and adaptation of transport networks. (mpg.de)
• Investigating the pivotal role of fluid flows in this live transport network we find that flows are patterned in a peristaltic wave across the network thereby optimizing transport. (mpg.de)
• Atherosclerosis is preferentially initiated at bifurcation sidewalls with reversing or vortexing flows, or regions of low mean wall shear stress. (ufl.edu)

Vesicles3

• Actomyosin contractions have been linked to the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and our studies demonstrate that mechanical stimulation upregulates EV production in osteocytes through immunostaining for the secretory vesicle marker Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and quantifying EV release in conditioned medium, both of which are blunted when Ca 2+ signaling was inhibited by neomycin. (elsevier.com)
• Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, nano-sized vesicles that are shed into the blood and other body fluids, which disperse a variety of bioactive molecules (e.g., protein, mRNA, miRNA, DNA and lipids) to cellular targets over long and short distances. (biomedcentral.com)
• Exosomes derive from in-budding of endosomes to form multi-vesicular bodies that fuse with the plasma membrane to release the membrane vesicles into the extracellular space. (biomedcentral.com)

Molecules2

• extracellular nucleotides act as autocrine/paracrine signaling molecules by targeting multiple P2 purinergic receptor subtypes that are differentially expressed in most tissues ( 7 ). (physiology.org)
• To do this, I will investigate the mechanisms of BBK32 interactions with target host molecules during shear force-regulated vascular adhesion of Bb. (bantingresearchfoundation.ca)

Interstitial fluid5

• Everyone of us with lymphedema has heard that our swelling is due to the collection of interstitial fluid and the lymphatic system 's inability to remove it. (lymphedemapeople.com)
• But, what exactly is interstitial fluid? (lymphedemapeople.com)
• Interstitial fluid, collected by the initial lymphatic capillary plexus , is transported by pre-collector lymphatic vessels to larger collecting lymphatic vessels and returned to the circulation through the thoracic duct . (lymphedemapeople.com)
• The lab uses a combined experimental and computational approach to investigate interstitial fluid flow around osteocytes, which is believed to play a role in the mechanism by which bone tissue detects external mechanical stimuli and deposits or resorbs bone as needed. (cuny.edu)
• An ongoing project in collaboration with investigators at the Hospital for Special Surgery involves relating bone microstructure and cellular-level changes to alterations of interstitial fluid flow in osteoporotic bone. (cuny.edu)

Endothelial cell2

• Analysis of shear stress distribution in the endothelial cell membrane shows that tension is greatest within the cell-cell junctions. (ahajournals.org)
• 18 Furthermore, it has been shown that endothelial cell PDGF expression was modulated by shear stress both in vitro 19 and in vivo. (ahajournals.org)

Epithelial1

• By combining these technologies with computational analysis of cell shape and velocity we obtain a full experimental characterization of epithelial dynamics during tissue growth, wound healing and cancer cell invasion. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Mechanotransduction1

• There is increasing evidence that one major key to understanding mechanotransduction lies within the dynamics of the cytoskeleton response to mechanical stimuli ( Fletcher and Mullins, 2009 ). (biologists.org)

Vitro2

• In vitro measurement of fluid-induced wall shear stress in unruptured cerebral aneurysms harboring blebs. (ajnr.org)
• 20 In light of the importance of shear stress in vascular wall remodeling after injury, the objective of the present study was to determine in vitro whether, and eventually by what mechanism, shear stress modulates SMC migration and invasion. (ahajournals.org)

Growth5

• Moreover, the low-shear growth environment sensed by microbes during microgravity of spaceflight and during ground-based microgravity analogue culture is relevant to those encountered during their natural life cycles on Earth. (asm.org)
• Before the aneurysm growth, the wall shear stress was high at the aneurysm neck and also at the margin of the bleb. (ajnr.org)
• Sharon Gerecht studies the synergistic roles of hypoxia and the extracellular microenvironment in the formation of blood vessels during differentiation, regeneration and tumor growth and metastasis. (jhu.edu)
• Moreover, many researchers used parallel-plate flow chambers to provide shear stress and to mimic the environment of cancer cell growth outside of the body. (wikipedia.org)
• Clinical and synovial fluid changes after intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma as well as synovial platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor-beta 1 concentration changes were evaluated in these joints and compared between normal joints and joints with osteoarthritis. (scielo.org.za)

Activates2

• 20 Notch1 expression is required for endothelial alignment and the onset of shear stress activates Notch signaling. (rsc.org)
• Elevated wall shear stress activates the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its transcriptional signaling pathway to induce antiatherosclerosis actions inthe vasculature. (ufl.edu)

Integrins1

• Membrane lipid rafts and integrins are crucial for shear stress-regulated endothelial function. (pnas.org)

Mechanics8

• Dave collaborates with Dr Susana Lopes (Lisbon, Portugal), Dr Tom Montenegro-Johnson (Cambridge) and Dr Kathy Hentges (Manchester) on imaging cilia motility and fluid mechanics in early embryo development. (birmingham.ac.uk)
• Dave completed his PhD in 2005 (graduating the following year), leading to several publications on the mechanics of airway defence, and the role of fluid mechanics in early embryo development. (birmingham.ac.uk)
• This opinion piece synthesizes expertise in applied mathematics, solid and fluid mechanics, biomechanics, experimentation, material sciences, neuropathology, and neurosurgery to address today's open questions at the forefront of neuromechanics. (springer.com)
• In the first part of this manuscript, we present the current understanding of the fundamental mechanics of the brain by reviewing its solid, fluid, electrochemical, and electromechanical components. (springer.com)
• His research at IBEC focuses on integrative tissue dynamics and cytoskeletal mechanics. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
• The fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis was performed to characterize the hemodynamics and solid wall mechanics of the repaired aortic arch. (unl.edu)
• His work focuses on solid mechanics, structural dynamics and wave propagation with application to structural health monitoring, metamaterials, and vibration & noise control. (asme.org)
• It also covers topics such as: cardiac mechanics, flow dynamics, vascular properties, neural control of cardiovascular systems and pharmacological interventions. (iospress.nl)

Vessel wall2

• Fluid shear stress, the frictional force acting on the vessel wall by blood flow, plays a key role in the development of the vascular system. (rsc.org)
• The major components of flow-generated force in the vasculature include pressure and shear stress, both of which are imparted directly onto the vessel wall. (semanticscholar.org)

Endothelium5

• Objective- In response to changes in wall shear stress (WSS) the vascular endothelium releases several factors, among others nitric oxide. (ahajournals.org)
• Thus, we propose that PECAM-1 plays an important role in the ability of the endothelium to sense and couple high temporal gradients of wall shear stress to NO-mediated arteriolar dilation during sudden changes in blood flow in vivo. (ahajournals.org)
• Enhanced interstitial flow as a contributing factor in neointima formation: (shear) stressing vascular wall cell types other than the endothelium. (semanticscholar.org)
• The shear stress exerted by the flow of blood on the inner lining of arteries (endothelium) is believed to play a crucial role in initiating, and progressing atherosclerosis [ 13 - 16 ]. (omicsonline.org)
• Endothelium adapts to wall shear stress (WSS) and is functionally sensitive to positive (aneurysmogenic) and negative (protective) spatial WSS gradients (WSSG) in regions of accelerating and decelerating flow, respectively. (thejns.org)

Vivo2

• These findings introduce BFF at the base of vessel bifurcations as an important regulator of vessel permeability and suggest a mechanism by which local flow dynamics control vascular function in vivo . (rsc.org)
• We developed additional macro-scale and micro-scale versions of the platform which provided additional shear stress factors to simulate the fluid dynamics of the in vivo extracellular fluids. (duhnnae.com)

Interactions2

• In keeping with the rapidly developing fields of mechanobiology and regenerative medicine, Biorheology aims to include studies of the rheological aspects of these fields by focusing on the dynamics of mechanical stress formation and the response of biological materials at the molecular and cellular level resulting from fluid-solid interactions. (iospress.com)
• We show that shear activation of VWF and the interactions between VWF and platelets are the main determinants of this process. (mpg.de)

High shear1

• Such aggregates form at high shear rates and dissolve reversibly at low shear rates, which leads to an interesting behaviour of these aggregates in microvessels. (mpg.de)

Spatial3

• OBJECTIVE: To delineate temporal and spatial dynamics of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) transcriptomic changes during aortic aneurysm development in Marfan syndrome (MFS). (stanford.edu)
• The book Ghosts in the Bedroom: A Guide for of this fusion referred to be which requirements of dynamics are spatial for working the PCI function operating medium study. (taido-hannover.de)
• Apical shear forces and spatial gradients are highly dependent on bifurcation and inflow vessel geometry. (thejns.org)

Kinase1

• Activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) by fluid shear is Ca(2+)- and ATP-dependent in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. (naver.com)

Wall16

• Blood-flow velocity, vorticity, and wall shear stress were obtained by using particle imaging velocimetry and laser Doppler velocimetry. (ajnr.org)
• The value of wall shear stress decreased in the deeper part of the bleb. (ajnr.org)
• Detailed flow velocity and wall shear stress measurements were performed in multiple points within the aneurysm dome and bleb. (ajnr.org)
• Conclusions- In isolated arterioles of PECAM-KO mice activation of eNOS and consequent dilation by agonists is maintained, but the dilation to high temporal gradients of wall shear stress elicited by increases in perfusate flow is reduced. (ahajournals.org)
• 6 We have shown previously that stepwise increases in perfusate flow, via increases in wall shear stress, elicit substantial dilations of isolated arterioles. (ahajournals.org)
• The graft material mismatch with the surrounding tissue aggregated the stress concentration on the aortic wall, but had minimal impact on flow dynamics. (unl.edu)
• The parallel-plate flow chamber, in its original design, is capable of producing well-defined wall shear-stress in the physiological range of 0.01-30 dyn/cm2. (wikipedia.org)
• The models were used to run CFD simulations, which calculated the pressures and wall shear stress (rWSS) exerted on the aortic root.The AA and PA were found to be similar. (stanford.edu)
• In the models, the flow is approximated by an incompressible and Newtonian fluid in laminar flow regime, and the vascular wall is assumed to be rigid. (hindawi.com)
• The flow patterns, the inflow jet streams, and the wall average shear stress have been considered by using different patient-specific geometries. (hindawi.com)
• In the near-wall region, where the shear rate is largest, VWF-aggregates start forming and grow. (mpg.de)
• Do sheets of quasiradially oriented fibers contribute to shear-induced wall thickness increase? (iospress.nl)
• Placement of the TrapEase filter in a suprarenal location may be thrombogenic with redundant areas of stagnant/recirculating flow and low shear stress along the caval wall due to the upstream trapping position and the naturally occurring region of stagnant flow from the renal veins. (unt.edu)
• Our computational and quantitative research focuses on understanding the effect of wall shear stress from exercise. (ufl.edu)
• In the former case, the wall shear stress values are generally higher, nearly 42% higher on an average in various locations, but only in proportion to the increase in flow rate. (ufl.edu)
• This observation provides some support to the hypothesis that exercise promotes an atheroprotective phenotype through elevated wall shear stress. (ufl.edu)

Actin1

• Primary cilium length is also influenced by the dynamics of actin filaments and microtubules through the levels of soluble tubulin in the cytosol available for primary cilia extension. (elsevier.com)

Nucleotides2

• The four sources of extracellular nucleotides are cell lysis, exocytosis, transport-mediated ATP release, and extracellular nucleotide kinases. (physiology.org)
• The extracellular nucleotides are synthesized in the Ig-like date and live reduced by clathrin of a global H composition glycosylation. (evakoch.com)

Gene expression2

• While several of these stimuli have been studied in detail, recent studies have demonstrated an important role for a novel environmental parameter in which microgravity and the low fluid shear dynamics associated with microgravity globally regulate microbial gene expression, physiology, and pathogenesis. (asm.org)
• Recently, several important studies have demonstrated a key role for microgravity and the low fluid shear dynamics associated with microgravity in the regulation of microbial gene expression, physiology, and pathogenesis ( 22 , 54 , 60 , 78 , 82 ). (asm.org)

Synovial fluid2

• Bonassar L.J. and Gourdon D.* "Dynamics of synovial fluid aggregation under shear" Langmuir - Israelachvili Intermolecular Forces and Interfacial Science Special Issue 35 (48) , 15887 -15896 (2019). (google.com)
• For both groups, the synovial fluid nucleated cell count, predominantly intact neutrophils, was significantly increased on Days 1 and 2, with no significant difference between groups. (scielo.org.za)

Cytoskeletal3

• This approach has allowed us to directly observe the activation of myosin in response to mechanical force and the effects of cytoskeletal crosslinking on local deformation and strain dynamics. (biologists.org)
• Here we discuss recent developments in understanding how cadherin junctions integrate signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics to sense and generate force. (dovepress.com)
• Thus, we hypothesize that Ca 2+ bursts in neutrophils control a mechanistic switch between two distinct modes of cytoskeletal organization and dynamics. (sciencemag.org)

Arterial4

• 12 Areas of rapidly decreasing fluid shear stress and of flow reversal occur near arterial branches, sites prone to the development of atherosclerotic plaque. (ahajournals.org)
• In contrast, straight arterial regions are exposed to high and stable shear stress and are well protected from atherosclerosis ( 34 ). (physiology.org)
• These models include 1 ) naturally occurring atheroprone regions of arterial tree, 2 ) complete ligation of common carotid artery, and 3 ) perivascular shear modifier cuff placed around common carotid artery in mice deficient in apolipoprotein E (ApoE KO) or low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR KO). (physiology.org)
• At the arterial end of the vessel, the hydrostatic pressure is greater than the water potential, so the net movement (see net flux) favors water and other solutes being passed into the tissue fluid. (lymphedemapeople.com)

Particle1

• The early work focused on detachment due largely to physical forces, such as fluid shear or particle abrasion ( 4 ). (asm.org)

Molecular4

• 3-7 The molecular mechanisms by which ECs sense fluid shear stress have long been subject of investigation. (rsc.org)
• Current work focuses on questions pertaining to the molecular and physical basis of self-organization during morphogenesis, and the evolutionary dynamics of cell division pathways. (jhu.edu)
• A comparison of ether- and alkyl-derivatized imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids: a molecular dynamics simulation study" Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics: PCCP, v.10, 2008, p.6301-6312. (research.gov)
• These results suggest therapeutic strategies aimed at altering underlying unfavorable geometry and deciphering the molecular endothelial response to shear gradients in a bid to disrupt the associated aneurysmal degeneration. (thejns.org)

Cell lysis1

• These beads are then released into a small volume of fluid and delivered to the peltier device for cell lysis and DNA amplification. (unt.edu)

Transmembrane1

• This calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule is comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. (nih.gov)

Pharmacological1

• Recent studies have demonstrated that some pharmacological agents and extracellular environmental changes can alter primary cilium length. (elsevier.com)

Mechanical forces1

• This review summarizes recent and future research trends aimed at understanding the dynamic effects of changes in the mechanical forces that occur in microgravity and other low-shear environments on a wide variety of important microbial parameters. (asm.org)

Responses1

• In addition to analyzing fundamental questions about microbial responses to spaceflight, these studies have demonstrated important applications for microbial responses to a ground-based, low-shear stress environment similar to that encountered during spaceflight. (asm.org)