Flavonoids. Medical search

A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.

A group of FLAVONOLS based on kaempferol. They are derived from naringenin and can be hydroxylated to QUERCETIN or reduced to leucopelargonidin.

A flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin.

A group of FLAVONOIDS characterized with a 4-ketone.

5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.

A group of 3-hydroxy-4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

A group of 4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.

A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.

A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

A plant genus of the family BERBERIDACEAE which is used in DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL. Members contain flavonol glycosides including epimedins, icariin and noricariin.

An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.

A group of FLAVONOIDS derived from FLAVONOLS, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position. They are glycosylated versions of cyanidin, pelargonidin or delphinidin. The conjugated bonds result in blue, red, and purple colors in flowers of plants.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. They bear the familiar citrus fruits including oranges, grapefruit, lemons, and limes. There are many hybrids which makes the nomenclature confusing.

A plant species of the genus SCUTELLARIA, family LAMIACEAE, that contains skullcapflavone and is used in CHINESE HERBAL DRUGS.

The above-ground plant without the roots.

A large class of organic compounds having more than one PHENOL group.

A tree of the family Sterculiaceae (or Byttneriaceae), usually Theobroma cacao, or its seeds, which after fermentation and roasting, yield cocoa and chocolate.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.

The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.

The outer layer of the woody parts of plants.

Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

Compounds based on CHALCONE. They are important intermediates in the formation of FLAVONOIDS.

Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.

The mulberry plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. They have milky latex and small, petalless male or female flowers.

A resinous substance obtained from beehives that is used traditionally as an antimicrobial. It is a heterogeneous mixture of many substances.

Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.

Attachment of isoprenoids (TERPENES) to other compounds, especially PROTEINS and FLAVONOIDS.

A genus in the family ROSACEAE of shrubs and small trees native to the North Temperate Zone. It is best known for a traditional medication for the heart.

3-Phenylchromones. Isomeric form of FLAVONOIDS in which the benzene group is attached to the 3 position of the benzopyran ring instead of the 2 position.

A plant family of the order Primulales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. The flowers have both stamens and pistil, and the fruits are capsules.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A plant family of the order Commelinales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons).

An isoflavonoid derived from soy products. It inhibits PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE and topoisomerase-II (DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE II); activity and is used as an antineoplastic and antitumor agent. Experimentally, it has been shown to induce G2 PHASE arrest in human and murine cell lines and inhibits PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE.

A naturally occurring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to prevent paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (From J Chromatogr A 1996;741(2):223-31; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996;60(5):765-68).

A plant family in the order Sapindales that grows in warmer regions and has conspicuous flowers.

Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Other plants called broom include CYTISUS; SPARTIUM; and BROMUS.

Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain bidensyneosides (polyacetylene glucosides).

Dimers (homo and hetero) of FLAVONOIDS.

A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of "daisy" refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.

A broad range of biologically active compounds which occur naturally in plants having important medicinal and nutritional properties.

Deciduous plant rich in volatile oil (OILS, VOLATILE). It is used as a flavoring agent and has many other uses both internally and topically.

The infusion of leaves of CAMELLIA SINENSIS (formerly Thea sinensis) as a beverage, the familiar Asian tea, which contains CATECHIN (especially epigallocatechin gallate) and CAFFEINE.

A plant genus of the family ELAEAGNACEAE. Linoleic (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acids (18:3n-3) comprised about 70% of seed oil fatty acids. This is unrelated to 'artificial sea buckthorn oil'. This genus does not belong to the buckthorn family (RHAMNACEAE).

A plant genus of the family MORACEAE that is widely planted for shade.

A genus of leguminous herbs or shrubs whose roots yield GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID and its derivative, CARBENOXOLONE.

Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The parts of plants, including SEEDS.

Root-like underground horizontal stem of plants that produces shoots above and roots below. Distinguished from true roots which don't have buds and nodes. Similar to true roots in being underground and thickened by storage deposits.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleoptene (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensability.

A plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that produces the familiar grapefruit. There is evidence that grapefruit inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4, resulting in delayed metabolism and higher blood levels of a variety of drugs.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

Benzoate derivatives substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain isoacteoside, luteolin, indole-3-carboxylic acid.

The buckthorn plant family, of the order Rhamnales, includes some species with edible fruits and some that are medicinal.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE after which the compound SCOPOLAMINE HYDROBROMIDE got its name.

Liquids that are suitable for drinking. (From Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)

A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent.

Fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products used as a beverage.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain ISOFLAVONES, some of which show molluscicidal and schistosomicidal activity. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to DERRIS.

A plant genus of the family ACANTHACEAE. Members contain andrographolide and other DITERPENES and androechin, a CHALCONE.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.

Glycosides of GLUCURONIC ACID formed by the reaction of URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCURONIC ACID with certain endogenous and exogenous substances. Their formation is important for the detoxification of drugs, steroid excretion and BILIRUBIN metabolism to a more water-soluble compound that can be eliminated in the URINE and BILE.

Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are mainly trees and shrubs. Many members contain mucilage and COUMARINS.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members of this genus can cause CONTACT DERMATITIS.

The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.

Compounds with a benzene ring fused to a thiazole ring.

The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.

A plant species of the genus ARTEMISIA, family ASTERACEAE. It is the source of the antimalarial artemisinin (ANTIMALARIALS).

Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.

A plant genus in the family FABACEAE, subfamily Papilionaceae, order Fabales, subclass Rosidae. Many of the species are associated with poisoning of grazing animals. Some of the species are used medicinally.

Hydroxycinnamic acid and its derivatives. Act as activators of the indoleacetic acid oxidizing system, thereby producing a decrease in the endogenous level of bound indoleacetic acid in plants.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE.

The only specie of the genus Ginkgo, family Ginkgoacea. It is the source of extracts of medicinal interest, especially Egb 761. Ginkgo may refer to the genus or species.

A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains tephrorin, tephrosone, and C-prenylflavonoids.

A plant genus in the family VITACEAE, order Rhamnales, subclass Rosidae. It is a woody vine cultivated worldwide. It is best known for grapes, the edible fruit and used to make WINE and raisins.

A bioflavonoid that strengthens vascular walls.

A plant genus of the family COMBRETACEAE. Triterpenes and combretastatin have been identified in members of this genus.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common names of daisy or marguerite are easily confused with other plants. Some species in this genus have been reclassified to TANACETUM.

The myrtle plant family of the order Myrtales. It includes several aromatic medicinal plants such as EUCALYPTUS.

A plant family of the order Typhales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) that contains a single genus, Typha, that grows worldwide.

Several plant species of the genus VACCINIUM known for the edible blueberry fruit.

The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE. The common names of beebalm or lemonbalm are also used for MONARDA.

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

The reproductive organs of plants.

A plant genus of the family VIOLACEAE. Some species in this genus are called bouncing bet which is a common name more often used with SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS. Members contain macrocyclic peptides.

An order of the ANGIOSPERMS, subclass Rosidae. Its members include some of the most known ornamental and edible plants of temperate zones including roses, apples, cherries, and peaches.

Herbaceous biennial plants and their edible bulbs, belonging to the Liliaceae.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common name of thoroughwort is also used for other plants including EUPATORIUM; CHROMOLAENA, Hebeclinium and Koanophyllon. Eupolin is the aqueous extract of the leaves.

Substances released by PLANTS such as PLANT GUMS and PLANT RESINS.

A plant species of the genus CYNARA, family ASTERACEAE. The flower bud is the familiar artichoke eaten as a vegetable.

A plant genus in the family ROSACEAE, order Rosales, subclass Rosidae. It is best known as a source of the edible fruit (apple) and is cultivated in temperate climates worldwide.

A plant genus of the family Anacardiaceae, order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae. It is a source of gallotannin (TANNIC ACID) and of somewhat edible fruit. Do not confuse with TOXICODENDRON which used to be part of this genus.

A plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that provides the familiar orange fruit which is also a source of orange oil.

A plant species of the family VACCINIUM known for the sour fruit which is sometimes used for urinary tract infections.

A plant genus of the family VITACEAE. Cissus rufescence gum is considered comparable to TRAGACANTH.

A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.

A plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida composed of tropical plants with parallel-nerved leaves.

A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.

A plant genus in the family ROSACEAE, order Rosales, subclass Rosidae. It is best known as a source of edible fruits such as apricot, plum, peach, cherry, and almond.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The buttercup plant family of the order Ranunculales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. The leaves are usually alternate and stalkless. The flowers usually have two to five free sepals and may be radially symmetrical or irregular.

A plant genus of the family AQUIFOLIACEAE. The common name of 'holly' usually refers to this genus but may sometimes refer to similar looking plants of the MAHONIA or QUERCUS genus.

The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

Agents that are used to treat allergic reactions. Most of these drugs act by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators or inhibiting the actions of released mediators on their target cells. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p475)

A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE that has been used in folk treatment of diabetes. Members contain agrimoniin (TANNINS).

A plant family of the order Polygalales, subclass Rosidae class, Magnoliopsida that are mostly shrubs and small trees. Many of the members contain indole alkaloids.

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.

A sweet viscous liquid food, produced in the honey sacs of various bees from nectar collected from flowers. The nectar is ripened into honey by inversion of its sucrose sugar into fructose and glucose. It is somewhat acidic and has mild antiseptic properties, being sometimes used in the treatment of burns and lacerations.

The showy mistletoe plant family of the order Santalales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. This includes parasitic tropical plants with haustoria connecting to the hosts. The leaves are opposite and thick. The flowers (4-7) have both calyx and corolla. The fruit is a berry with one seed.

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.

The spurge family of flowering plants, in the order Euphorbiales, contains some 7,500 species in 275 genera. The family consists of annual and perennial herbs and woody shrubs or trees.

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

A large plant family in the order Apiales, also known as Umbelliferae. Most are aromatic herbs with alternate, feather-divided leaves that are sheathed at the base. The flowers often form a conspicuous flat-topped umbel. Each small individual flower is usually bisexual, with five sepals, five petals, and an enlarged disk at the base of the style. The fruits are ridged and are composed of two parts that split open at maturity.

A plant genus in the family VISCACEAE, order Santalales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Species of this genus contain cytotoxic LECTINS. The common name of MISTLETOE is used for many species of this and the LORANTHACEAE families.

Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain germacrane and sesquiterpene LACTONES.

Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains butrin and isobutrin.

An organism of the vegetable kingdom suitable by nature for use as a food, especially by human beings. Not all parts of any given plant are edible but all parts of edible plants have been known to figure as raw or cooked food: leaves, roots, tubers, stems, seeds, buds, fruits, and flowers. The most commonly edible parts of plants are FRUIT, usually sweet, fleshy, and succulent. Most edible plants are commonly cultivated for their nutritional value and are referred to as VEGETABLES.

Sets of enzymatic reactions occurring in organisms and that form biochemicals by making new covalent bonds.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The common name of "Bird-Of-Paradise" is also used for other plants such as Heliconia (HELICONIACEAE) and Strelitzia (STRELITZIACEAE) and some birds. The common name of "Cat's-Claw" is more often used with UNCARIA. The common name of "Pernambuco" also refers to a state in Brazil. Furanoditerpenoid lactones and caesalpin are produced by members of this genus.

The fern plant family of the order Polypodiales, class Filicopsida, division Pteridophyta, subkingdom Tracheobionta.

An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (1/5753)

After metabolic activation the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-[3H]methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one binds to DNA in vitro, and this binding is prevented by 7,8-benzoflavone. Radioactivity cannot be removed from the DNA with organic solvents or by chromatography on Sephadex G-50, even after heat denaturation of the DNA. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields radioactive fractions, which elute from a column of Sephadex LH-20 immediately after the natural nucleosides. At least two species of reactive metabolites are involved in this bending, those with a half-life of a few hr and others with greater stability. After extraction from the aqueous incubation mixture, they could be detected in discrete polar fractions from separations of the complex metabolite mixture by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Their ability to bind to DNA decreased with time at ambient temperature, and they were rapidly deactivated by acid. 7,8-Benzolflavone acted by suppressing the formation of polar metabolites derived from enzymatic oxidation of the aromatic double bonds. The inhibitor had no effect on the enzymes hydroxylating saturated carbon; hence it is unlikely that metabolism of the methyl group is important in conversion of this carcinogen to its proximate form, although the presence of the 11-methyl group is essential for carcinogenic activity in this series. (+info)

The direct spectrophotometric observation of benzo(a)pyrene phenol formation by liver microsomes. (2/5753)

Optical spectral repetitive scan analysis during the oxidative metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by liver microsomal suspensions reveals the time-dependent formation of an intermediate(s) of which the visible spectra resemble those of several benzo(a)pyrene phenols. Liver microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats showed a greater rate of formation of the phenols than did microsomes from control animals; the rate of formation catalyzed by liver microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats was intermediate. When 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene was used as a standard for comparison of activity, the rates of formation of phenols were compared when measured by fluorometric, spectrophotometric, or high-pressure liquid chromatographic analytical techniques. An epoxide hydrase inhibitor, 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3-oxide, enhanced phenol formation regardless of the source of liver microsomes, and 7,8-benzoflavone inhibited control and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene, 7,8-Benzoflavone did not effect benzo(a)pyrene metabolism by liver microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats. The effect of inhibitors on the spectrophotometric assay correlates well with the results obtained from benzo(a)pyrene metabolite analysis using high-pressure liquid chromatography. (+info)

The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (3/5753)

The extracellular receptor stimulated kinase ERK2 (p42(MAPK))-phosphorylated human cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D3 at Ser579 and profoundly reduced ( approximately 75%) its activity. These effects could be reversed by the action of protein phosphatase PP1. The inhibitory state of PDE4D3, engendered by ERK2 phosphorylation, was mimicked by the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3. In COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3, challenge with epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused the phosphorylation and inhibition of PDE4D3. This effect was blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and was not apparent using the Ser579-->Ala mutant form of PDE4D3. Challenge of HEK293 and F442A cells with EGF led to the PD98059-ablatable inhibition of endogenous PDE4D3 and PDE4D5 activities. EGF challenge of COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3 increased cAMP levels through a process ablated by PD98059. The activity of the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3 was increased by PKA phosphorylation. The transient form of the EGF-induced inhibition of PDE4D3 is thus suggested to be due to feedback regulation by PKA causing the ablation of the ERK2-induced inhibition of PDE4D3. We identify a novel means of cross-talk between the cAMP and ERK signalling pathways whereby cell stimuli that lead to ERK2 activation may modulate cAMP signalling. (+info)

Salmonella typhimurium and lipopolysaccharide stimulate extracellularly regulated kinase activation in macrophages by a mechanism involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase D as novel intermediates. (4/5753)

Activation of the extracellularly regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is part of the early biochemical events that follow lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of macrophages or their infection by virulent and attenuated Salmonella strains. Phagocytosis as well as the secretion of invasion-associated proteins is dispensable for ERK activation by the pathogen. Furthermore, the pathways used by Salmonella and LPS to stimulate ERK are identical, suggesting that kinase activation might be solely mediated by LPS. Both stimuli activate ERK by a mechanism involving herbimycin-dependent tyrosine kinase(s) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Phospholipase D activation and stimulation of protein kinase C appear to be intermediates in this novel pathway of MEK/ERK activation. (+info)

Role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascade in human neutrophil killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and in migration. (5/5753)

Killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans by neutrophils involves adherence of the microorganisms, phagocytosis, and a collaborative action of oxygen reactive species and components of the granules. While a number of intracellular signalling pathways have been proposed to regulate neutrophil responses, the extent to which each pathway contributes to the killing of S. aureus and C. albicans has not been clearly defined. We have therefore examined the effect of blocking one such pathway, the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) cascade, using the specific inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase, PD98059, on the ability of human neutrophils to kill S. aureus and C. albicans. Our data demonstrate the presence of ERK2 and a 43-kDa form of ERK but not ERK1 in human neutrophils. Upon stimulation with formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (fMLP), the activities of both ERK2 and the 43-kDa form were stimulated. Despite abrogating the activity of both ERK forms, PD98059 only slightly reduced the ability of neutrophils to kill S. aureus or C. albicans. This is consistent with our finding that PD98059 had no effect on neutrophil adherence or degranulation, although pretreatment of neutrophils with PD98059 inhibited fMLP-stimulated superoxide production by 50%, suggesting that a change in superoxide production per se is not strictly correlated with microbicidal activity. However, fMLP-stimulated chemokinesis was markedly inhibited, while random migration and fMLP-stimulated chemotaxis were partially inhibited, by PD98059. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that the ERK cascade plays only a minor role in the microbicidal activity of neutrophils and that the ERK cascade is involved primarily in regulating neutrophil migration in response to fMLP. (+info)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 is a novel mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. (6/5753)

A mitogen for growth-arrested cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells was purified to homogeneity from the supernatant of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells by heparin affinity chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. This mitogen was revealed to be tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2), which is a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor. TFPI-2 was expressed in baby hamster kidney cells using a mammalian expression vector. Recombinant TFPI-2 (rTFPI-2) stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (1-500 nM). rTFPI-2 activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and stimulated early proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA expression in smooth muscle cells. MAPK, c-fos expression and the mitogenic activity were inhibited by a specific inhibitor of MAPK kinase, PD098059. Thus, the mitogenic function of rTFPI-2 is considered to be mediated through MAPK pathway. TFPI has been reported to exhibit antiproliferative action after vascular smooth muscle injury in addition to the ability to inhibit activation of the extrinsic coagulation cascade. However, structurally similar TFPI-2 was found to have a mitogenic activity for the smooth muscle cell. (+info)

Influence of tangeretin on tamoxifen's therapeutic benefit in mammary cancer. (7/5753)

BACKGROUND: Tamoxifen and the citrus flavonoid tangeretin exhibit similar inhibitory effects on the growth and invasive properties of human mammary cancer cells in vitro; furthermore, the two agents have displayed additive effects in vitro. In this study, we examined whether tangeretin would enhance tamoxifen's therapeutic benefit in vivo. METHODS: Female nude mice (n = 80) were inoculated subcutaneously with human MCF-7/6 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Groups of 20 mice were treated orally by adding the following substances to their drinking water: tamoxifen (3 x 10(-5) M), tangeretin (1 x 10(-4) M), tamoxifen plus tangeretin (3 x 10(-5) M plus 1 x 10(-4) M), or solvent. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Oral treatment of mice with tamoxifen resulted in a statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth compared with solvent treatment (two-sided P = .001). Treatment with tangeretin did not inhibit tumor growth, and addition of this compound to drinking water with tamoxifen completely neutralized tamoxifen's inhibitory effect. The median survival time of tumor-bearing mice treated with tamoxifen plus tangeretin was reduced in comparison with that of mice treated with tamoxifen alone (14 versus 56 weeks; two-sided P = .002). Tangeretin (1 x 10(-6) M or higher) inhibited the cytolytic effect of murine natural killer cells on MCF-7/6 cells in vitro, which may explain why tamoxifen-induced inhibition of tumor growth in mice is abolished when tangeretin is present in drinking water. IMPLICATIONS: We describe an in vivo model to study potential interference of dietary compounds, such as flavonoids, with tamoxifen, which could lead to reduced efficacy of adjuvant therapy. In our study, the tumor growth-inhibiting effect of oral tamoxifen was reversed upon addition of tangeretin to the diet. Our data argue against excessive consumption of tangeretin-added products and supplements by patients with mammary cancer during tamoxifen treatment. (+info)

Thrombopoietin-induced conformational change in p53 lies downstream of the p44/p42 mitogen activated protein kinase cascade in the human growth factor-dependent cell line M07e. (8/5753)

Thrombopoietin is a cytokine with potent megakaryocytopoietic and thrombopoietic activities in vivo. Wild-type p53 is a conformationally flexible, anti-oncogenic transcription factor that plays a principal role in mediating growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis in factor-dependent hematopoietic cells. We recently reported that Tpo induces a conformational change in and functional inactivation of p53, coincident with its anti-apoptotic effects, in the human factor-dependent cell line M07e. In an effort to identify potential signaling cascades through which Tpo illicits these effects on p53, we report here that treating M07e cells with MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 dramatically suppressed Tpo-induced conformational change in p53 as well as Tpo-enhanced viability in M07e cells in a p53-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of constitutively active Raf1 in M07e cells induced conformational change in p53 independent of Tpo stimulation. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway revealed that JAK/STAT signaling plays an insignificant role in conformational modulation of p53 and apoptosis suppression. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase did not have a significant effect on p53 conformation but did have a weak but significant effect on Tpo-enhanced viability. Cytokine-induced activation of the MAPK pathway and the subsequent functional neutralization of p53, may be an event by which apoptosis is commonly suppressed in hematopoiesis. (+info)

... flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of ... Other flavonoids[edit]. Flavan-3-ols (catechins) are flavonoids that contribute to the construction of various tannins and ... Non-flavonoids[edit]. See also: Wine and health. Hydroxycinnammic acids[edit]. Hydroxycinnamic acids are the most important ... However, there is evidence that in some plants flavonoids play a role as endogenous regulators of auxin transport.[6] They are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine

Flavonoids[edit]. See: Sodium hydroxide test for flavonoids Summer-winter heat storage[edit]. EMPA researchers are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E524

Flavonoids[edit]. In non-glandular trichomes, the only role of flavonoids is to block out the shortest wavelengths to protect ... These trichomes also contains acetylated, which can absorb UV-B and non-acetylated flavonoids, which absorb the longer ... This data agrees with previous evidence which determines that these trichomes consist of flavonoids. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichome

"Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. November 2015. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueberry

"Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center. Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2016. Retrieved 24 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_(grape)

... is a source of flavonoids and antioxidants, especially luteolin, apigenin, folate, vitamin K, vitamin C, and vitamin A ... Delage, PhD, Barbara (November 2015). "Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsley

"Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute. 28 April 2014. "Hinokitiol , 499-44-5". www.chemicalbook.com. Bentley, Ronald (2008). "A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionophore

"Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center. Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2016. Retrieved 2 ... together with other flavonoids localized mainly in berry skins, seeds and leaves. Although berry pigments have antioxidant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry

"Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016. Lemmo W (September 2014 ... Beecher GR (October 2003). "Overview of dietary flavonoids: nomenclature, occurrence and intake". The Journal of Nutrition. 133 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidant

"Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute, Micronutrient Information Center, Oregon State University. 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2015. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_paradox

... malonylated flavonoids, acylated, prenylated and malonated proteins). De novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plants occurs in ... flavonoids; malonic acid; acetylated phenolics, alkaloids, isoprenoids, anthocyanins, and sugars; and, mevalonate-derived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_citrate_synthase

"Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. February 2016. ... flavonoids, resveratrol, and lignans - often claimed to have antioxidant effects - that are present in numerous plant foods. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient

... (from Latin flavus "yellow") are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1- ... "Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. November 2015. ... David Stauth (5 March 2007). "Studies force new view on biology of flavonoids". EurekAlert!; Adapted from a news release issued ... Harborne, Jeffrey B.; Marby, Helga; Marby, T. J. (1975). The Flavonoids - Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2909-9. ISBN 978-0- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavones

... flavonoids from citrus (ID 1471); flavonoids from Citrus paradisi Macfad. (ID 3324, 3325); flavonoids (ID". EFSA Journal. 9 (4 ... flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans". Flavonoids include flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, isoflavones, ... Polyphenols include flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some of which have been used historically as dyes and for ... Flavonoid configurations can also cause significant differences in sensory properties, e.g. epicatechin is more bitter and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenol

... flavonoids; coumarins; organic acids such as citric acid and a red dye; phenolics such as phenolic acid; and anthraquinone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine

Various citrus fruit peels contain 32 to 49 mg/g of flavonoids expressed as rutin equivalents. Citrus leaves contain rutin at ... Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in many plants including buckwheat, the leaves and petioles of Rheum species, and ... "Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. November ... It is a citrus flavonoid found in a wide variety of plants including citrus. Rutin is one of the phenolic compounds found in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutin

... flavonoids, and stilbenes/lignans. Flavonoids can be further divided into groups based on their similar chemical structure, ... Others, such as some polyphenols and flavonoids, may be pro-oxidants in high ingested amounts. Non-digestible dietary fibers ... "Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. November ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytochemical

As flavonoids, catechins can act as antioxidants when in high concentration in vitro, but compared with other flavonoids, their ... It belongs to the group of flavan-3-ols (or simply flavanols), part of the chemical family of flavonoids. The name of the ... Chun, O. K.; Chung, S. J.; Song, W. O. (2007). "Estimated dietary flavonoid intake and major food sources of U.S. Adults". The ... "Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016. Ottaviani, J. I.; Momma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechin

The Systematic Identification of Flavonoids. Mabry et al, 1970, page 81 The compound in the Mediterranean diet that makes ... Forkmann, G. (January 1991). "Flavonoids as Flower Pigments: The Formation of the Natural Spectrum and its Extension by Genetic ... Apigenin is particularly abundant in the flowers of chamomile plants, constituting 68% of total flavonoids. Dried parsley can ... Delage, PhD, Barbara (November 2015). "Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apigenin

doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)96524-4. Potonay, T.; Batta, G.; Dinya, Z. (1988). "Flavonoids. 41. Stereospecific synthesis of 2,3- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanesulfonyl_chloride

The flavonoids are products from a cinnamoyl-CoA starter unit, with chain extension using three molecules of malonyl-CoA. ... Flavanols (with an "a") are not to be confused with flavonols (with an "o"), a class of flavonoids containing a ketone group. ... Winkel-Shirley, Brenda.Flavonoid Biosynthesis. A Colorful Model for Genetics, Biochemistry, Cell Biology, and Biotechnology. ... BBC News , Health , Chocolate 'has health benefits' Mabry, Helga; Harborne, J. B.; Mabry, T. J. (1975). The Flavonoids. London ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavan-3-ol

Those enzymes are especially flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR). The flavonoid 3'5'H- ... Blue colour in flower petals is caused by anthocyanins, which are members of flavonoid class metabolites. We can diversify ... Co-pigments usually are flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanons, flavanols), other polyphenols, alkaloids, amino acids or ... The Flavonoids. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2913-6. ISBN 978-0-412-28770-1. S2CID 31877853.[page needed] Yoshida, Kumi; Mori, Mihoko ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basics_of_blue_flower_colouration

Justesen U, Knuthsen P (May 2001). "Composition of flavonoids in fresh herbs and calculation of flavonoid intake by use of ... Quercetin is a flavonoid widely distributed in nature. The name has been used since 1857, and is derived from quercetum (oak ... Compared to other flavonoids quercetin is one of the most effective inducers of the phase II detoxification enzymes. Quercetin ... Quercetin is the aglycone form of a number of other flavonoid glycosides, such as rutin and quercitrin, found in citrus fruit, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercetin

Porter, Lawrence J. (1988-01-01). "Flavans and proanthocyanidins". In Harborne, J. B. (ed.). The Flavonoids. Springer US. pp. ... blood from Dracaena draco and Dracaena cinnabari can be distinguished by differences in 10 compounds and a dominant flavonoid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracaena_draco

The flavonoid has been demonstrated to have a hypoglycemic effect by increasing the ability of adipocytes, as well as cells of ... Antioxidants, including flavonoids such as myricetin, are often touted to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, the hardening of ... Flavonoids including myricetin are able to scavenge for ROS and can chelate intracellular transition metal ions that ultimately ... It is also proposed that myricetin may have the ability as a potent flavonoid antioxidant to prevent LDL oxidation, thus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myricetin

Nevertheless, flavonoids are in general thought to have beneficial effects for humans.[citation needed] Certain studies shown ... A number of in vitro and limited in vivo studies shown that flavonoids such as quercetin have synergistic activity with ... Resveratrol is a phenolic compound of the flavonoid class. It is highly abundant in grapes, blueberries, raspberries and ... Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR (2016-12-29). "Flavonoids: an overview". Journal of Nutritional Science. 5: e47. doi:10.1017/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_metabolite

John Buckingham, V. Ranjit N. Munasinghe (2015). Dictionary of Flavonoids. CRC Press. ISBN 1-4822-8250-X. Sarah De Saeger (2011 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_vinaceum

... flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, These oxidation products are further reduced by the enzyme ... flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3′H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), UDP-glucoside: flavonoid ... "Studies force new view on biology of flavonoids", by David Stauth, EurekAlert!. Adapted from a news release issued by Oregon ... Anthocyanin pigments are assembled like all other flavonoids from two different streams of chemical raw materials in the cell: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin

Xanthohumol is the principal flavonoid in hops. The other well-studied prenylflavonoids are 8-prenylnaringenin and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hops

Flavonoids are a group of plant metabolites thought to provide health benefits through cell signalling pathways and antioxidant ... Some flavonoids also inhibit cellular uptake of vitamin C and some experts advise avoiding flavonoid-rich foods or drinks when ... Some flavonoids also inhibit certain spores to protect against certain plant diseases. Flavonoids are ubiquitous in plants and ... Flavonoids are also abundant in red wine, which some have theorized is the reason why the incidence of heart disease may be ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-Flavonoids.aspx

flavonoid (CHEBI:47916) is a flavonoids (CHEBI:72544). flavonoid oligomer (CHEBI:72720) is a flavonoids (CHEBI:72544). ... flavonoids (CHEBI:72544) is a organic molecular entity (CHEBI:50860) flavonoids (CHEBI:72544) is a oxygen molecular entity ( ... aurones (CHEBI:72576) is a flavonoids (CHEBI:72544). chalcones (CHEBI:23086) is a flavonoids (CHEBI:72544). coumestans (CHEBI: ... isoflavonoid (CHEBI:50753) is a flavonoids (CHEBI:72544). monoxerutin (CHEBI:134704) is a flavonoids (CHEBI:72544). N-(2- ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:72544

The main type of flavonoids consumed in the EU and USA were flavan-3-ols, mainly from tea, while intake of other flavonoids was ... Flavonoids are widely distributed in plants, fulfilling many functions. Flavonoids are the most important plant pigments for ... Food composition data for flavonoids were provided by the USDA database on flavonoids. In the United States NHANES survey, mean ... USDAs Database on the Flavonoid Content Oomah, B. Dave; Mazza, Giuseppe. "Flavonoids and Antioxidative Activities in Buckwheat ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavonoid

From Artemisia transiliensiswe have isolated a new glycoside and have called it transilin. On the basis of spectral and chemical investigations the structure of 3-O-methylquercetin...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00683830

Flavonoid Quercetin Formamide Yellow Crystal West 17th Street Zaporozhe Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00565806

Perhaps flavonoids should now be added to this list. The article by Knekt et al in this issue of the BMJ (p 478)4 joins two ... Flavonoids and heart disease. BMJ 1996; 312 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7029.458 (Published 24 February 1996) Cite ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/312/7029/458?view=long&pmid=8597666

This book provides an insightful analysis of the chemopreventive actions of flavonoids. Flavonoids are naturally occurring ... In addition, the promise and pitfalls associated with using flavonoids as chemopreventive agents are discussed.This book is an ... In addition, human consumption of vegetables and fruits with high concentrations of flavonoids is associated with decreased ... Inflammation and Cancer presents an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms by which flavonoids are thought to prevent inflammation ...

https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9814651931

... of the naturally occurring flavonoid fisetin, found particularly in onions, cucumbers, and fruits such as strawberries and ... of the naturally occurring flavonoid fisetin, found particularly in onions, cucumbers, and fruits such as strawberries and ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/fisetin

Flavonoids. Definition:. Flavonoids are brightly colored plant pigments that occur naturally in most fresh fruits and ...

http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/flavonoids.htm

... flavonoids are one of the reasons fruits and vegetables are so good for you. Among the many benefits attributed to flavonoids ... Flavonoids: Antioxidants Help the Mind Naturally occurring plant pigments, flavonoids are one of the reasons. fruits and ... But flavonoids go beyond the yeoman work of your average antioxidant. Scientists have found that certain flavonoids have ... Fortunately, you dont have to eat brussels sprouts (they have a low flavonoid content) to get your flavonoid fix. Some potent ...

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/200307/flavonoids-antioxidants-help-the-mind

Flavonoids are all over the news at the moment, boasting how you can slim down by only eating a few grapes and how Flavonoids are all over the news at the moment, boasting how you can slim down by only eating a few grapes and how some fruit ... Flavonoids - why fresher is better. Ever wondered why that fruit or veg youve left hanging around in the back of the fruit ... Because flavonoids provide the colour in many foods, to get the best dose you should seek out those fruit and vegetables with ...

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=11582301

There are approximately 4,000 different flavonoid compounds found in foods, but not all vegetables or fruits contain the same ... But not all vegetables or fruits contain the same flavonoids. Here is a list of beneficial flavonoids and the foods they are ... But not all vegetables or fruits contain the same flavonoids. Here is a list of beneficial flavonoids... ... There are approximately 4,000 different flavonoid compounds found in foods, many of which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, ...

https://www.newsmax.com/health/dr-blaylock/flavonoids-antioxidants-anti-inflammatory-compounds-drrussell-blaylock/2013/11/27/id/538958/

Men who eat flavonoid-rich foods such as berries, tea, apples and red wine significantly reduce their risk of developing ... Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring, bioactive compounds found in many plant-based foods and drinks. In this study ... No similar link was found for total flavonoid intake in women.. The research was led by Dr Xiang Gao of Harvard School of ... "This is the first study in humans to look at the associations between the range of flavonoids in the diet and the risk of ...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1112508486/eating-flavonoids-protects-men-against-parkinsons-disease/

book wanted] Geissmans flavonoids. Daniel Say say at sfu.ca Fri Jul 9 20:57:04 EST 1999 *Previous message: bioengeneering ... Anyone know where I can get a copy of : Geissman, T. A. (Theodore Albert), 1908- The chemistry of flavonoid compounds. Oxford, ...

http://bio.net/bionet/mm/plantbio/1999-July/020858.html

... Sayed A. Ahmed and Emadeldin M. Kamel ... W. Huang, P. Chien, C. Yang, and A. Lee, "Novel synthesis of flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi," Chemical and ... P. K. Agrawal and R. P. Rastogi, "13C NMR spectroscopy of flavonoids," Heterocycles, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 2181-2236, 1981. View ... G. Flamini, E. Antognoli, and I. Morelli, "Two flavonoids and other compounds from the aerial parts of Centaurea bracteata from ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/274207/ref/

China Flavonoids Ginkgo Biloba Extracts Suppliers and Manufacturers Directory - Source a Large Selection of Flavonoids Ginkgo ... Tags: Flavonoids Ginkgo Biloba Extracts , Pure Flavonoids Ginkgo Biloba Extracts , Natural Flavonoids Ginkgo Biloba Extracts ... The top supplying country is China (Mainland), which supply 100% of flavonoids ginkgo biloba extracts respectively. Flavonoids ... Pure Natural Ginkgo Biloba Extract/Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract/100% Natural Flavonoids ginkgo biloba extract ...

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Flavonoids are powerful antioxidants and anti-allergic nutrients that inhibit the release of chemical mediators, synthesis of ... Various studies of flavonoids in asthmatic animal models have demonstrated their beneficial effects. The results of several ... Flavonoids, which are polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites ubiquitously present in vegetables, fruits and beverages, ... Moreover, clinical trials of flavonoids have shown their ameliorative effects on symptoms related to asthma. However, these ...

http://mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/6/2128/xml

Flavonoids 1 and 2 inhibited virus entry up to 45.0% and 78.7% respectively at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The mechanism of ... Alternatively, the flavonoid 1 activity was restricted to its virucidal effect. Additionally, no inhibitory effects on HCV ... This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral effects of sorbifolin (1) and pedalitin (2), two flavonoids from Pterogyne nitens on ... the flavonoid 2 block to virus entry was demonstrated to be by both the direct action on virus particles and the interference ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-16336-y?utm_source=Other_website&utm_medium=Website_links&utm_content=RenLi-MixedBrand-multijournal-Multidisciplinary-China&utm_campaign=ORG_USG_JRCN_RL_article_promotion_sciencenet_Oct_3rd&error=cookies_not_supported&code=a96dc0d9-3780-4767-a295-b2889809d4a1

However, although all flavonoids are polyphenols, polyphenols not necessarily are flavonoids. Plants produce flavonoids as a ... Classification of Flavonoids. Flavonoids are the largest family of polyphenolic compounds; that is why the words "polyphenols" ... Food Sources of Flavonoids. Anthocyanins are pigments that give plants purple and blue colors. Examples of foods rich in ... All polyphenols, including flavonoids, offer numerous health benefits. Besides being potent antioxidants, some polyphenols have ...

https://www.livestrong.com/article/479645-polyphenols-vs-flavonoids/

Nova publishes a wide array of books and journals from authors around the globe, focusing on Medicine and Health, Science and Technology and the Social Sciences and Humanities.. We publish over 1,500 new titles per year by leading researchers each year, and have a network of expert authors, editors and advisors spanning the global academic community in pursuit of advanced research developments.. We invite you to browse our site to find the books or journals of particular interest to you.. Headquarters ...

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What are flavonoids? Albert Szent-Györgyi, a Hungarian researcher who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his research on ... Eat Enough Flavonoids Two Grams a Day. Flavonoids work synergistically. Two or more are stronger than any one alone. I suggest ... Herbal Flavonoids: Anti-Aging Powerhouses Herbs and spices contain some of the most powerful antioxidant flavonoids known. They ... Flavonoids Come in Many Names. Flavonoids are also called bioflavonoids or flavonols. There are many fascinating sub-names ...

https://www.alive.com/health/colour-your-world-with-flavonoids/

Flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites, which protect plants from various stresses, including herbivory. Plants ... Sharma and Norris3 observed the negative effect of flavonoids from soybean on Trichoplusia ni (Hub.). Flavonoid production has ... tant and abundant group of plant defensive compounds involved in defense against herbivory.1-5 Flavonoids and iso- flavonoids ... Effect of fla- vonoids on feeding preference and development of the crucifer pest Mamestra configurata Walker. J Chem Ecol. ...

https://www.slideshare.net/icrisatsmco/differential-induction-of-flavonoids-in-groundnut-in-response-to-helicoverpa-armigera-and-aphis-craccivora-infestation

Genetics and biochemistry of seed flavonoids.. Lepiniec L1, Debeaujon I, Routaboul JM, Baudry A, Pourcel L, Nesi N, Caboche M. ... Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that accumulate in most plant seeds and are involved in physiological functions such as ... In addition, flavonoids provide an interesting model to study various biological processes and metabolic and regulatory ... This review presents a current view of the genetic and biochemical control of flavonoid metabolism during seed development. It ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16669768?dopt=Abstract

A new study finds that a low intake of flavonoid-rich foods, such as berries, apples, and tea, is associated with a higher risk ... 6 types of flavonoid. The study looked at the intake of six different types of flavonoid among 2,801 people and took place over ... Low flavonoid intake associated with Alzheimers risk. Written by Eleanor Bird, M.S. on May 18, 2020 - Fact checked by. Shikta ... A new study links a low intake of flavonoid-rich foods - such as berries, apples, and tea - with a higher risk of Alzheimers ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/low-flavonoid-intake-associated-with-alzheimers-risk

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Dudley, KH., Miller, HW., Corley, RC., & Wall, M. (1967). Flavonoids. V. Thiation of Isoflavones. Journal of Medicinal ...

https://www.rti.org/publication/flavonoids-v-thiation-isoflavones

More than 450 new flavonoid structures, reported from January 2001 until December 2003, are reviewed. They comprise ... Anthocyanins and other flavonoids Nat Prod Rep. 2004 Aug;21(4):539-73. doi: 10.1039/b311404j. Epub 2004 Jul 7. ... More than 450 new flavonoid structures, reported from January 2001 until December 2003, are reviewed. They comprise ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15282635/?dopt=Abstract

11/01/13 Pecs, Hungary - WG2 Review Flavonoids. 11/01/13 Pecs, Hungary - WG2 Review Flavonoids 11/01/13 Pecs, Hungary - WG2: ... Review flavonoids. A meeting has been organised in Pécs, Hungary, by Working Group 2 to initiate the writing of a review paper ...

https://www.ucc.ie/en/uv4growth/meetings/year3/meeting11/

Research has demonstrated that men younger than 70 who regularly eat foods with flavonoids will have an 11 to 16 percent ... Research has demonstrated that men younger than 70 who regularly eat foods with flavonoids will have an 11 to 16 percent ... More Benefits of Flavonoids. The benefits of eating a healthy diet, full of flavonoid rich fruits, vegetables and tea, go ... Foods With Flavonoids. Not all fruits and vegetables are created equally. Those that have higher amounts of flavonoids, and ...

https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2016/02/01/flavonoids-foods-erectile-dysfunction.aspx

The abundance of flavonoids coupled with their low toxicity relative to other plant compounds means they can be ingested in large quantities by animals, including humans. (news-medical.net)
According to the IUPAC nomenclature, they can be classified into: flavonoids or bioflavonoids isoflavonoids, derived from 3-phenylchromen-4-one (3-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone) structure neoflavonoids, derived from 4-phenylcoumarine (4-phenyl-1,2-benzopyrone) structure The three flavonoid classes above are all ketone-containing compounds, and as such, are anthoxanthins (flavones and flavonols). (wikipedia.org)
The terms flavonoid and bioflavonoid have also been more loosely used to describe non-ketone polyhydroxy polyphenol compounds which are more specifically termed flavanoids. (wikipedia.org)
The widespread distribution of flavonoids, their variety and their relatively low toxicity compared to other active plant compounds (for instance alkaloids) mean that many animals, including humans, ingest significant quantities in their diet. (wikipedia.org)
They are just three among over 4,000 compounds classified as flavonoids. (psychologytoday.com)
Food scientist Alyson Mitchell, Ph.D., who studies flavonoids at UC Davis, is optimistic about the salutary power of these compounds: "The current hope of scientists is to discover exactly what flavonoids should be eaten in what amounts to fight specific diseases. (psychologytoday.com)
There are approximately 4,000 different flavonoid compounds found in foods, many of which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and brain-protecting properties. (newsmax.com)
Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring, bioactive compounds found in many plant-based foods and drinks. (redorbit.com)
Anyone know where I can get a copy of : Geissman, T. A. (Theodore Albert), 1908- The chemistry of flavonoid compounds. (bio.net)
The three flavonoid classes above are all ketone -containing compounds and as such, anthoxanthins ( flavones and flavonols ). (wikipedia.org)
A combination of in vitro and in silico approaches was employed to investigate the estrogenic activities of flavonoid compounds from Psoralea corylifolia. (nih.gov)
It can be speculated from molecular docking study that the hydroxyl groups and prenyl group are essential for flavonoid compounds to possess estrogenic activities. (nih.gov)
Now the same researchers have published a study in The BMJ that shows certain types of flavonoids - plant-based compounds with antioxidant powers - led to 'statistically significant' weight loss. (smh.com.au)
Flavonoids are a class of organic compounds found in plants. (defeatdiabetes.org)
While the challenges of bringing flavonoid -derived therapeutics to the market are significant, we consider this rapidly growing field to be an essential aspect of the functional food initiative and an important mine for pharmaceutical compounds. (rsc.org)
A new study from the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University found that higher intake of flavonoids, which are polyphenolic compounds found in plant-based foods, including grapes and wine, was associated with a lower risk of developing Alzheimer's. (winespectator.com)
2 Several flavonoid compounds have been shown to have antioxidant properties in vitro, inhibiting the oxidation of low density lipoproteins and reducing thrombotic tendencies by inhibiting platelet aggregation. (bmj.com)
Genes involved in the synthesis of plant compounds called flavonoids in particular became depleted after bouts of obesity. (plos.org)
Flavonoids are the natural chemical compounds that give plants their bright colors. (wisegeek.com)
As flavonoids contribute to plants' bright hues, it is perhaps no surprise that richly colored fruits such as blueberries and raspberries are among the best sources of these compounds. (wisegeek.com)
Hops also contain antioxidant flavonoids, making beer a good source of these compounds. (wisegeek.com)
But they noted the intestinal wall doesn't absorb naringenin well, which means therapeutic doses of the flavonoid would have to be given by injection or combined with other compounds to boost its absorption by the intestines. (bio-medicine.org)
Flavonoids are water soluble polyphenolic compounds that usually contain 15 carbon atoms. (shapefit.com)
EsterC & flavonoids - Ester-C® & flavonoids provides highly absorbable vitamin C and varied flavonoid compounds for synergistic antioxidant, immune and vascular integrity support. (purecapspro.com)
This chemical "desaminotyrosine" is made by bacteria from Flavonoid compounds (think colored fruits and veggies ) [2]. (curiouscascade.com)
Geoffrey Kite analysed an extract of the leaves of C. kentukea and found several of the flavonoids known from S. japonicum, but the overall mixture of flavonoids in C. kentukea was much more complicated, consisting of more than 50 compounds. (phys.org)
This study has shown that onions also contain flavonoids, which are stable compounds and possess rich antioxidant capacity. (fyiliving.com)
A study has linked the intake of two flavonoid compounds to lessened incidence of depression among the offspring of lab rats fed hyper caloric diets. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Citrus flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with powerful biological properties. (ovid.com)
Sharad Vats and Raka Kamal (Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, India) have published their research in the journal Current Bioactive Compounds on the identification of flavonoids from plant parts and callus culture of G. sylvestre . (eurekalert.org)
Flavonoids are important bioactive compounds having a wide range of therapeutic activities like anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticancer, antioxidant etc. (eurekalert.org)
At the same time, because they are photoactive compounds, flavonoids are highly susceptible to degradation and activity loss after extraction from biological sources. (aiche.org)
The materials developed here have the potential to be used to strongly and directly bind flavonoids and related secondary metabolites from plant cells, and will serve as a synthetic platform to isolate, recover, and potentially deliver these compounds in biological systems. (aiche.org)
Flavonoids, a family of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds are ubiquitous in plants. (ingentaconnect.com)
Flavonoids are the most common group of plant compounds called 'polyphenols', which are responsible for the colourful pigment found in fruits, berries and vegetables. (naturesbest.co.uk)

One flavonoid called quercetin can help to alleviate eczema, sinusitis, asthma, and hay fever. (news-medical.net)
The citrus flavonoids include hesperidin (a glycoside of the flavanone hesperetin), quercitrin, rutin (two glycosides of the flavonol quercetin), and the flavone tangeritin. (wikipedia.org)
Quercetin is the flavonoid that enables apples to keep the doctor away. (psychologytoday.com)
The flavonoids are a mixture of naturally-occurring flavonoids, including rutin, hesperidin, and quercetin. (thorne.com)
To help address these factors, the researchers undertook a study from 2009 to 2014 of organic (per European Commission standards) and conventional "Red Baron" and "Hyskin" onions, which are rich in flavonoids such as quercetin. (eurekalert.org)
We have previously shown that consumption of red wine, but not of white wine, by healthy volunteers, resulted in the enrichment of their plasma LDL with flavonoid antioxidants such as quercetin, the potent free radicals scavenger flavanol, which binds to the LDL via a glycosidic ether bond. (nih.gov)
Quercetin is the major flavonoid in the western diet. (howstuffworks.com)
For instance, the flavonoid quercetin has been known to stave off the symptoms of asthma, hay fever, and sinusitis. (naturalpedia.com)
The credit goes to the flavonoids quercetin, genistein, and luteolin. (naturalpedia.com)
Since the liver has an important role in lipid metabolism, we want to investigate whether quercetin, and other flavonoids can mediate changes in hepatic fatty acid metabolism and whether this can be linked to possible beneficial health effects by assessing biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. (wur.nl)
The aims of this project are to investigate whether quercetin and other flavonoids can mediate changes in hepatic fatty acid metabolism, which can be linked to a possible beneficial health effect on biomarkers for CVD. (wur.nl)
Flavonoids such as quercetin and its derivatives, which are normally isolated from plants, are antioxidants with medicinal and therapeutic applications for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease and other conditions because they act against tumors, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species. (aiche.org)
Fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) belongs to the flavonol subgroup of flavonoids together with quercetin, myricetin and kaempferol and is found in several fruits and vegetables including strawberries, apples, persimmons and onions. (ingentaconnect.com)
The synergy of flavonoids catechin, quercetin or epigallocatechin gallate with fluconazole demonstrated antifungal activity against fluconazole resistant C. tropicalis in vitro. (greenmedinfo.com)
Synergistic effect of the flavonoid catechin, quercetin, or epigallocatechin gallate with fluconazole induces apoptosis in Candida tropicalis resistant to fluconazole. (greenmedinfo.com)
Three combinations formed by the flavonoids (+)-catechin hydrated, hydrated quercetin, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate at a fixed concentration with fluconazole were tested. (greenmedinfo.com)

This is the first study in humans to look at the associations between the range of flavonoids in the diet and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease and our findings suggest that a sub-class of flavonoids called anthocyanins may have neuroprotective effects. (redorbit.com)
Of the main types of flavonoids, three had the greatest benefit: anthocyanins, flavanones, and flavones. (harvard.edu)
The flavonoid subclass 'anthocyanins', largely found in blueberries and strawberries, was linked with the greatest weight loss. (smh.com.au)
To flavonoid group belong the anthocyanins. (yarchive.net)
In regards to diabetes prevention, flavonoids, especially anthocyanins and flavones, have been connected to inhibiting insulin resistance, therefore decreasing diabetes risk. (defeatdiabetes.org)
Results suggest that eating more flavonoids - specifically anthocyanins (coming mainly from blueberries and strawberries), flavonoid polymers (from tea and apples), and flavonols (from tea and onions) - was linked to less weight gain. (www.nhs.uk)
Every extra 10 milligrams (mg) of anthocyanins, 138mg of flavonoid polymers, and 7mg of flavanols per day, was linked to 70-100g less weight gained over four-year intervals. (www.nhs.uk)
This research combined results from three cohort studies looking at whether dietary intake of specific flavonoid subclasses (including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and flavonoid polymers) was associated with weight change over time. (www.nhs.uk)
Red wine was a minor contributor to all of the flavonoid classes except for anthocyanins, where it ranked as the fourth-leading contributor to intake," Dr. Jacques told Wine Spectator . (winespectator.com)
Anthocyanins, the type of flavonoid investigated in the current study, have been detected in lung tissue shortly after being ingested, and in animals models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (news-medical.net)

Flavonoids are important antioxidants, and promote several health effects. (news-medical.net)
Dietary antioxidants, which complement the actions of enzymatic antioxidants, are now widely recognised as including (alpha) tocopherol (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and β carotene (a precursor of vitamin A). Perhaps flavonoids should now be added to this list. (bmj.com)
Flavonoids, like other antioxidants, do their work in the body by corralling cell-damaging free radicals and metallic ions. (psychologytoday.com)
Flavonoids are powerful antioxidants and anti-allergic nutrients that inhibit the release of chemical mediators, synthesis of Th2 type cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, and CD40 ligand expression by high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor-expressing cells, such as mast cells and basophils. (mdpi.com)
Dr. Packer calls these six herbs the glutathione-flavonoid sub-network of antioxidants. (alive.com)
Flavonoids are more than just antioxidants, also modulating cell-signaling that affect the expression of DNA. (mercola.com)
Flavonoids can be found in many vegetables, fruits, and herbal medicines that exert their different anticancer effects via different intracellular signaling pathways and serve as antioxidants. (hindawi.com)
That happens because flavonoids can act as antioxidants. (eurekalert.org)
Flavonoids are antioxidants found in many fruits, vegetables and beverages like tea, wine and beer. (englishteastore.com)
Fifty minutes after consumption, the control group showed no change, but the two black tea drinkers showed the same result, a 45% increase in flavonoids, proving milk had no effect on the level of antioxidants in the tea. (englishteastore.com)
Red wine and grape juice, for example, contain significant levels of flavonoids that act as antioxidants , protect against LDL oxidation, and inhibit platelet aggregation, thereby providing protection against heart disease. (howstuffworks.com)
What Are the Best Sources for Flavonoid Antioxidants? (wisegeek.com)
Flavonoid antioxidants are found in many commonly eaten foods. (wisegeek.com)
Good sources of flavonoid antioxidants include fruits, especially berries, onions, and some green vegetables. (wisegeek.com)
Many fruits contain a significant amount of flavonoid antioxidants. (wisegeek.com)
Flavonoid antioxidants can also be found in other fruits, such as apples. (wisegeek.com)
Onions are an excellent source of flavonoid antioxidants. (wisegeek.com)
Some green vegetables, such as broccoli and cabbage, also contain flavonoid antioxidants. (wisegeek.com)
Finally, chocolate lovers may be delighted to learn that cocoa contains flavonoid antioxidants. (wisegeek.com)
I had never thought of onions as being full of flavonoid antioxidants. (wisegeek.com)
Does anyone know of any flavonoids that would have what you could call super antioxidants in them? (wisegeek.com)
Flavonoids act as powerful antioxidants by providing remarkable protection against free-radical and oxidative damage. (openpr.com)

Negative interactions can result from combining Lipo-flavonoid with other medications, and it is important to let your physician know what drugs you may be taking. (ehow.co.uk)

Further information on dietary sources of flavonoids can be obtained from the US Department of Agriculture flavonoid database. (wikipedia.org)
Intakes of onions and apples, the main dietary sources of flavonoids, presented similar associations. (bmj.com)
Green and black teas are also considered major sources of flavonoids. (shapefit.com)

Based on these differences polyphenols are subdivided into several major subclasses: phenolic acids, stilbenes, tannins, diferuloylmethanes and flavonoids. (livestrong.com)
Two other flavonoid subclasses, flavonoid polymers and flavonols, showed strong links with weight loss. (smh.com.au)
Here, we examine, to our knowledge for the first time, the associations between habitual consumption of all flavonoid subclasses and weight gain,' Ms Bertoia said. (smh.com.au)
Flavonols are the most commonly consumed subclass of flavonoids, though all six of the subclasses can be found in specific plant foods, with varying degrees of potential benefit. (defeatdiabetes.org)
Main flavonoid [21] subclasses. (intechopen.com)

All teas contain flavonoids, which are known to improve cardiovascular health and thought to prevent the cancers of certain organs. (englishteastore.com)
A number of common beverages also contain flavonoids with antioxidant properties. (wisegeek.com)

Here is a list of beneficial flavonoids. (newsmax.com)
Various studies of flavonoids in asthmatic animal models have demonstrated their beneficial effects. (mdpi.com)
The results of several epidemiological studies suggest that an increase in flavonoid intake is beneficial for asthma. (mdpi.com)
Vitamin C with flavonoids optimizes the beneficial effects of vitamin C - including support of immune function and promotion of wound healing - by replicating the way it's found in nature. (thorne.com)
Some studies suggest that these flavonoids and others are beneficial for people with a range of health conditions. (eurekalert.org)
A beneficial prophylactic effect of flavonoids has been also observed against AKI induced by surgical procedures such as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or cardiopulmonary bypass. (frontiersin.org)
The fact that the benefits of most of the flavonoids paled into insignificance when adjusting the data for the positive (beneficial) effect dietary fibre is significant. (smh.com.au)
In both diabetes prevention and management , flavonoids appear to be very beneficial. (defeatdiabetes.org)
Flavonoids are beneficial to humans. (rainbow.coop)
He adds that 95% of the beneficial tomato flavonoids are in the peel. (webwire.com)
Lipo-Flavonoid Plus is an Extra Strength formula containing twice the normal amount of Lemon Bioflavonoids compared to the original Lipo-Flavonoid, so it's even more beneficial in reducing the symptoms of Meniere's disease. (walgreens.com)
Previous research has shown that the plant-produced chemicals known as flavonoids have beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. (news-medical.net)
Gene expression will be analysed to identify the main responsive pathways for the beneficial effects of flavonoids. (wur.nl)
At the end of the project, a risk-benefit assessment will be made for high level flavonoid intake using the outcomes obtained and evaluating potential adverse effects of high level flavonoid supplementation against the positive beneficial effects on CVD-risks. (wur.nl)

Flavonoids are also called 'bioflavonoids' or 'flavonols. (alive.com)
Large amounts of flavonoid polymers can be found in grapes and apples, and for flavonols, in tea and onions. (smh.com.au)

Flavonoids (or bioflavonoids) (from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their color in nature) are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
Although ascorbic acid will work in the body without flavonoids, it works better when accompanied by flavonoid molecules, because the bioflavonoids spare vitamin C, thus providing greater antioxidant capacity. (thorne.com)
Lipo-flavonoid is a multivitamin that derives its ingredient from the rind portion of some citrus fruits that contain bioflavonoids. (ehow.co.uk)
These groups of flavonoids are classified a bioflavonoids. (shapefit.com)

Flavonoids are the most important plant pigments for flower coloration, producing yellow or red/blue pigmentation in petals designed to attract pollinator animals. (wikipedia.org)
Flavonoids are brightly colored plant pigments that occur naturally in most fresh fruits and vegetables. (greenfacts.org)
Naturally occurring plant pigments, flavonoids are one of the reasons fruits and vegetables are so good for you. (psychologytoday.com)
Flavonoids is a class of plant pigments occurring in yellow, orange, red and blue. (cactus-art.biz)
Flavonoid pigments come in a wide variety of colours due to structural variations and differences in concentration. (cactus-art.biz)
Flavonoid pigments are water-soluble phenolic glycosides having in common a basic structural unit, i.e. the C15 skeleton of flavone. (yarchive.net)
Flavonoids are a major class of plant secondary metabolites that serves a multitude of functions including pigments and antioxidant activity. (genome.jp)
Flavonoids are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their color providing pigments. (researchandmarkets.com)

17 selected flavones derivatives, flavonoids, were analyzed through a systematic B3LYP∕6-311++G** computational study with the aim of understanding the molecular factors that determine their structural and energetic properties in gas phase. (mdpi.com)

Lipo-flavonoid ® Plus is a supplement promoted for ringing in the ears ( tinnitus ) and other ear-related conditions including vertigo , ear aches, ear infection , and Meniere's disease . (consumerlab.com)
Neither Lipo-flavonoid Plus, nor its main ingredient, have been evaluated in reliable clinical studies for tinnitus or other ear-related conditions. (consumerlab.com)

Examples of foods that are rich in flavonoids include onions, parsley, blueberries, bananas, dark chocolate and red wine. (news-medical.net)
of the naturally occurring flavonoid fisetin, found particularly in onions, cucumbers, and fruits such as strawberries and apples, demonstrated potential for reversing memory loss in individuals symptomatic for Alzheimer disease. (britannica.com)
For example, onions will lose about one-quarter to one-third of their original flavonoid content over six months, with most of the loss occurring in the first two weeks. (nzherald.co.nz)
Now, researchers have found that flavonoid levels and antioxidant activity in organic onions are higher than in conventional onions. (eurekalert.org)
The study showed that onions are a rich source of flavonoids and have good antioxidant activity. (fyiliving.com)
In this study, researchers have evaluated the amount of flavonoids and phenols in different varieties of onions. (fyiliving.com)
Being a good source of flavonoids, onions can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, which is one of the major contributors of death in the United States. (fyiliving.com)

In the battle against the bulge, you may want to add flavonoid-rich blueberries and strawberries to your arsenal, new research suggests. (smh.com.au)
Wild blueberries are exceptionally rich in this group of flavonoids, which is responsible for their intense blue color. (howstuffworks.com)
And proanthocyanin, another flavonoid component of wild blueberries, inhibits an enzyme involved in cancer promotion. (howstuffworks.com)
The researchers add that high intakes of blueberries and strawberries, both of which are very high in flavonoids, appear to delay cognitive aging by up to 2.5 years when compared to those consuming lower amounts. (nutraingredients.com)
The lead researcher said the results of the analysis show that increased consumption of blueberries and strawberries was associated with a slower rate of memory decline in older women - with a greater intake of anthocyanidins and total flavonoids also associated with slowing memory decline. (nutraingredients.com)
A type of flavonoid found in dark-pigmented fruits like red grapes and blueberries may slow the lung function decline that occurs with aging, according to new research presented at the ATS 2018 International Conference. (news-medical.net)
While blueberries are a rich source of flavonoids, the nutrient's brain enhancing effects have already been observed in other flavonoid-packed fruits and foods. (nutraingredients.com)

Avoid cutting, slicing or peeling fruit and veg wherever possible - flavonoids are often concentrated in the skin and outer portions of fruits and vegetables. (nzherald.co.nz)
Given reports of an inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption with colorectal cancer risk, there has been significant interest in understanding the metabolism and bioactivity of flavonoids, which are highly abundant in fruits and vegetables and account for their pigmentation. (mdpi.com)
If you eat a lot of fruits and vegetables throughout your life, you'll have chronic exposure to these bioactive flavonoids, which would certainly help to reduce the risk of cancer," she noted. (eurekalert.org)
Many fruits and vegetables are high in flavonoids, as are certain plant-derived products believed to have a variety of health benefits, such as wine, chocolate, coffee and tea. (defeatdiabetes.org)
Flavonoids, found in fruits and vegetables, have been studied to see if they could reduce oxidative damage, which causes loss of dopamine production in the base of the brain. (rainbow.coop)

Thorne's Vitamin C with Flavonoids contains ascorbic acid and citrus flavonoids. (thorne.com)
Reduction of plasma cholesterol by citrus flavonoids is associated with effects on specific liver functions related to lipid handling. (wellnessresources.com)
In contrast, nobiletin, a PMF found at the highest concentration in oranges and tangerines, achieved maximal stimulation of 1.5- to 1.6-fold of control at only 5 µmol/L. Transcriptional regulation of the LDLR gene by citrus flavonoids has been implicated but, to our knowledge, not directly demonstrated. (wellnessresources.com)
Thus, citrus flavonoids are likely to act through the SRE-binding proteins, with PMF initially activating these mechanisms at considerably lower concentrations than flavanones. (wellnessresources.com)
Of the 190mg, tea accounted for 157mg of the flavonoid intake, followed by fruit juice at 8mg, wine at 4mg and citrus fruits at 3mg. (englishteastore.com)
Future studies would focus on long-term ability of naringenin and perhaps other citrus flavonoids to reduce viral load in animal models and long-term cultures of primary human hepatocytes," the researchers concluded. (bio-medicine.org)
This review aims to summarize recent advances towards understanding the ability of citrus flavonoids to regulate lipid metabolism and other metabolic parameters relevant to the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (ovid.com)
Citrus flavonoids, including naringenin, hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of metabolic dysregulation. (ovid.com)
Epidemiological studies report that intake of citrus flavonoid-containing foods attenuates cardiovascular diseases. (ovid.com)
In animal models, citrus flavonoid supplements prevent hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity primarily through inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and increased fatty acid oxidation. (ovid.com)
Citrus flavonoids blunt the inflammatory response in metabolically important tissues including liver, adipose tissue, kidney and the aorta. (ovid.com)
In mouse models, citrus flavonoids show marked suppression of atherogenesis through improved metabolic parameters and also through direct impact on the vessel wall. (ovid.com)
These recent studies suggest an important role of citrus flavonoids in the treatment of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, obesity and atherosclerosis. (ovid.com)

Men who eat flavonoid-rich foods such as berries, tea, apples and red wine significantly reduce their risk of developing Parkinson's disease, according to new research by Harvard University and the University of East Anglia (UEA). (redorbit.com)
A new study links a low intake of flavonoid-rich foods - such as berries, apples, and tea - with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Researchers from Tufts University's Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging in Medford, MA, have shown that a high long-term intake of flavonoid-rich foods - such as berries, apples, and tea - is associated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The advice is based on the findings of a major new study looking at the effects of foods rich in the compound flavonoid, such as berries and apples, on body weight. (www.nhs.uk)
He said that moderate red wine consumption, defined by the study as one drink a day for women and two for men, is a good source of proper flavonoid intake, but that it should be coupled with regular consumption of berries. (winespectator.com)
A high intake of flavonoid rich berries can delay memory decline in older women by 2.5 years, according to new research findings. (nutraingredients.com)
Our study suggests that the general population could benefit from consuming more fruits rich in these flavonoids like berries, particularly those who have given up smoking or have never smoked, Dr. Larsen said. (news-medical.net)

We will focus on the natural products known as flavonoids, which target this disease at different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. (hindawi.com)
A group of polyphenols known as flavonoids, which are highly abundant in plants, are likely to be important bioactive components contributing to these favourable effects. (nutraingredients.com)

There are much higher levels of flavonoids in the whole fruit than there are in the juice. (nzherald.co.nz)
The fruits of S. japonicum contain high levels of flavonoids and are used in traditional Chinese medicine. (phys.org)

A new study by the United States Department of Agriculture has suggested that tea is the most important source of flavonoids in the US. (englishteastore.com)

Red wine does contain good amounts of flavonoids, but moderate intake is best. (nzherald.co.nz)
Analysis of the relationships in the data revealed that people who consumed low amounts of flavonoids were two to four times more likely to develop ADRD during the study period. (medicalnewstoday.com)

H. M. El Hefnawy, S. G. G. El Molla, A. A. Abdel Motaal, and A. M. El Fishawy, "Bioassay-guided fractionation and cytotoxic activity of flavonoids from Echinochloa crus-galli L. (Barnyard Grass)," Planta Medica , vol. 77, no. 12, 2011. (hindawi.com)
Main structural features required for antioxidant activity of flavonoids. (intechopen.com)
Therefore, methods are needed to retain the activity of flavonoids during physicochemical processes and storage. (aiche.org)

The results showed that higher long-term intake of flavonoid-rich foods was associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. (winespectator.com)
A recent study of almost 10,000 men and women in Finland found that the risk of lung cancer went down as intake of flavonoid-rich foods went up. (howstuffworks.com)

Polyphenols are divided into several groups, one of which is represented by flavonoids. (livestrong.com)
However, the major sources of polyphenols in the average diet are flavonoids. (livestrong.com)
that is why the words "polyphenols" and "flavonoids" sometimes may be used interchangeably. (livestrong.com)
However, although all flavonoids are polyphenols, polyphenols not necessarily are flavonoids. (livestrong.com)
All polyphenols, including flavonoids, offer numerous health benefits. (livestrong.com)
Flavonoids are a class of naturally occurring polyphenols abundant in edibles and beverages of plant origin. (biomedsearch.com)
Flavonoids are phytonutrients and belong to the polyphenols category. (researchandmarkets.com)

Furthermore, flavonoids can be found in plants in glycoside-bound and free aglycone forms. (wikipedia.org)
The active ingredient in Lipo-flavonoid is eriodictyol glycoside. (ehow.co.uk)
Lipo-flavonoids are believed to increase the micro-circulation in the inner ear through the action of eriodictyol glycoside on histamine, says Arches Tinnitus. (ehow.co.uk)
The main ingredient is a lemon flavonoid extract containing eriodictyol glycoside and other flavonoids. (consumerlab.com)
In the 1960s, a paper was published describing 122 cases of Meniere's disease that were treated with a lemon flavonoid complex containing eriodictyol glycoside. (consumerlab.com)

Epidemiological studies consistently associate high flavonoid intake with a reduced risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. (biomedsearch.com)

There are more than 4000 different flavonoids, mostly in fruits, vegetables and seeds. (rainbow.coop)
A mouse dietary intervention study with supplementation of different flavonoids is performed, to study the effects of the flavonoids on gene expression and on several biomarkers for CVD. (wur.nl)

Flavonoids are also abundant in red wine, which some have theorized is the reason why the incidence of heart disease may be lower among the French (who have a relatively high red wine intake) compared with other Europeans, despite a higher consumption of foods rich in cholesterol (French paradox). (news-medical.net)
Some types of tea are also rich in flavonoids and their consumption is thought to lower levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood. (news-medical.net)
In addition, human consumption of vegetables and fruits with high concentrations of flavonoids is associated with decreased cancer mortalities rates. (google.com)
Published today in the journal Neurology ®, the findings add to the growing body of evidence that regular consumption of some flavonoids can have a marked effect on human health. (redorbit.com)
These exciting findings provide further confirmation that regular consumption of flavonoids can have potential health benefits," said Prof Cassidy. (redorbit.com)
Strong research evidence suggests that consumption of flavonoids will help reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, some cancers, vascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases. (mercola.com)
Oral administration of flavonoids prevents or ameliorates adverse effects on the kidney of elevated fructose consumption, high fat diet, and types I and 2 diabetes. (frontiersin.org)
Red wine consumption resulted in accumulation of flavonoids in the mouse macrophages and these cells oxidized LDL and took up LDL about 40% less than macrophages from placebo-treated mice. (nih.gov)
Increasing cognitive function and limiting neurodegeneration, and limiting pain, are also other potential health benefits that can be derived from flavonoid consumption. (defeatdiabetes.org)
Readers should be aware that these types of studies can find associations between consumption of certain food ingredients (like flavonoids) with weight gain or other health benefits. (www.nhs.uk)
However, they cannot prove that by increasing your consumption of flavonoids you will put on less weight than if you didn't. (www.nhs.uk)
The association between high consumption of the flavonoids and reduced lung function decline appeared to be stronger among both never smokers and those who had quit than in the general study population. (news-medical.net)

The daily intake of dietary flavonoids typically ranges from anywhere between 50 and 500 mg, meaning the contribution to antioxidant activity varies widely between individuals. (news-medical.net)
Metal complexes of flavonoids investigated for their antioxidant activity. (intechopen.com)

The study focused on six classes of flavonoids commonly found in Western diets: anthocyanin, flavanone, flavan-3-ol, flavone, flavonol and isoflavone. (winespectator.com)
2011). Acylated flavonol tri- and tetraglycosides in the flavonoid metabolome of Cladrastis kentukea (Leguminosae). (phys.org)

Flavonoids secreted by a plant's roots aid the symbiotic relationship between rhizobia and certain vegetables such as peas, clover and beans. (news-medical.net)
Almost all fruits, vegetables and herbs contain a certain amount of flavonoids. (news-medical.net)
The best way to ensure a good intake of flavonoids is to consume plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables on a daily basis. (news-medical.net)
Because flavonoids provide the colour in many foods, to get the best dose you should seek out those fruit and vegetables with the brightest, deepest colours - which means choosing red grapes over white. (nzherald.co.nz)
But not all vegetables or fruits contain the same flavonoids. (newsmax.com)
Flavonoids, which are polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites ubiquitously present in vegetables, fruits and beverages, possess antioxidant and anti-allergic traits, as well as immune-modulating activities. (mdpi.com)
Garlic and flavonoid phytonutrients found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains appear to protect against DNA damage induced by mutagenic chemicals found in cooked meat. (nutritionfacts.org)
It is important to note, however, that cooking vegetables for long time periods can diminish their flavonoid content, along with their percentages of other health-boosting vitamins and nutrients . (wisegeek.com)
There are around 4,000 different varieties of flavonoids and many of them are found in various fruits, vegetables and common beverages like tea, coffee, soybeans and fruit juices. (shapefit.com)
Dietary flavonoids are present in fruit and vegetables. (wur.nl)

Flavonoids also improve cisplatin- or methotrexate-induced renal damage, demonstrating important actions in chemotherapy, anticancer and renoprotective effects. (frontiersin.org)
Numerous health benefits have been discovered in flavonoids, including anticancer, anti-mutagenic (prevention of mutations), antioxidant, and antiviral properties. (rainbow.coop)
Cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects on colon and breast cancer cell lines and the influence on their redox status make tested flavonoids good candidates for developing new anticancer drugs. (greenmedinfo.com)
Factors such as the use of flavonoids as an anticancer drug, the potential of plant-derived flavonoids in nutraceuticals, the demand for beauty and health supplements, and untapped markets across developing nations are among the key factors associated with the global market's growth. (openpr.com)

Flavonoids are ubiquitous in plants and are the most common type of polyphenolic compound found in the human diet. (news-medical.net)
Oranges, however are an exception to the rule because the flavonoids contained in this fruit are mainly found in the white and pulp interior of the skin. (news-medical.net)
Scientists have found that certain flavonoids have antihistamine, antimicrobial, memory - and even mood-enhancing properties. (psychologytoday.com)
Chocolate contains many of the same flavonoids found in tea. (psychologytoday.com)
Delicious, relaxing chamomile tea is home to the flavonoid called apigenin, one of a handful of flavonoids recently found to have mood-enhancing properties. (psychologytoday.com)
No similar link was found for total flavonoid intake in women. (redorbit.com)
They found that in men younger than 70, there was an 11 to 16 percent lower risk if the men ate several types of food rich in flavonoids per week. (mercola.com)
Flavonoid alkaloids were also found to present alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity through artificial organic synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
A new study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that women who consumed the most flavonoids, a type of antioxidant abundant in tea, were significantly less likely to develop endothelial ovarian cancer-the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women. (prevention.com)
The study found that adults over 19 years old consumed 190mg of flavonoids each day. (englishteastore.com)
The Daily Mirror sensibly pointed out that although flavonoids are found in various types of chocolate and wine, the calories may counter any positive weight loss effect. (www.nhs.uk)
Past studies have found evidence of a link between the flavonoids in wine and lower risk of Alzheimer's , but this analysis is supported by a much longer study, adding considerable weight to the data. (winespectator.com)
According to recent research from Vlaardingen, Netherlands, "Ingestion of tea flavonoids found in both green and black tea is linked to cardiovascular health benefits such as lowering serum lipids. (preparedfoods.com)
They then tested the grapefruit flavonoid naringenin and found it reduced HCV secretion in infected cells by 80 percent. (bio-medicine.org)
The Kew scientists wanted to know if the flavonoids found in S. japonicum also occurred in C. kentukea, which would support the relationship between these species. (phys.org)
The amount of flavonoid adsorbed onto the particles was found to be a strong function of titania grafting density on the silica surface. (aiche.org)

Flavonoids, Inflammation and Cancer presents an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms by which flavonoids are thought to prevent inflammation and the development of GI and steroid-responsive cancers. (google.com)
In this review, we discuss host and microbiota-mediated metabolism of flavonoids and the potential mechanisms by which flavonoids can exert protective effects against colon tumorigenesis, including regulation of signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and inflammation and modulation of the gut microbiome. (mdpi.com)

Soy flavonoids or isoflavones also lower cholesterol, as well as protecting against osteoporosis and alleviating the symptoms of menopause. (news-medical.net)

The present invention relates to nucleic acids encoding flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes, flavonoid-regulating transcription factors and a flavonoid-specific membrane transporter in plants, and the use thereof for the modification of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. (freepatentsonline.com)

It is also important to note that the study monitored flavonoid intake through self-reported data only, which may be subject to errors. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Some studies have shown that flavonoid intake is inversely related to heart disease, with these molecules inhibiting the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins and therefore reducing the risk of atherosclerosis developing. (news-medical.net)
Onion plants make flavonoids to defend themselves from UV radiation and from oxidation by natural hydrogen peroxide. (rainbow.coop)
So, maybe there is something to the theory put forth by the nut and green tea people that flavonoid phytonutrients are capable of increasing "thermogenesis [heat generation] and fat oxidation. (nutritionfacts.org)

Chocolate contains flavonoids, which have been shown to treat cardiovascular disease, cancer and stroke. (rainbow.coop)
Flavonoids are good for the cardiovascular system. (naturalpedia.com)
Flavonoids are good for the cardiovascular, excretory, and the female reproductive systems. (naturalpedia.com)
Cardiovascular ion channels as a molecular target of flavonoids. (biomedsearch.com)
However, there is an increasing body of evidence that flavonoids specifically target molecular structures including cardiovascular ion channels. (biomedsearch.com)
Thus, pharmacological properties of flavonoids on cardiovascular ion channels, ion currents and tissue preparations are being increasingly addressed in experimental studies. (biomedsearch.com)
Whereas it has become clear that cardiovascular ion channels represent an important molecular target of flavonoids, the published data have not yet been systematically reviewed. (biomedsearch.com)

In addition, some flavonoids have inhibitory activity against organisms that cause plant diseases, e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, no inhibitory effects on HCV replication and release were observed by treating cells with these flavonoids. (nature.com)

URBANA, Ill. - Celery, artichokes, and herbs, especially Mexican oregano, all contain apigenin and luteolin, flavonoids that kill human pancreatic cancer cells in the lab by inhibiting an important enzyme, according to two new University of Illinois studies. (eurekalert.org)
The high-fat mouse diet particularly depleted flavonoids apigenin and naringenin. (plos.org)

Flavonoids are abundant in plants, in which they perform several functions. (news-medical.net)
This is the most abundant flavonoid in grapefruit. (howstuffworks.com)

People who eat a really good diet might get up to a gram of flavonoids a day,' says Dr. Elliott Middleton, MD, professor of medicine at the State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine. (alive.com)
Interestingly, the Mediterranean diet is high in flavonoids. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Our study gives us a picture of how diet over time might be related to a person's cognitive decline, as we were able to look at flavonoid intake over many years prior to participants' dementia diagnoses," explains senior study author Dr. Paul Jacques, a nutritional epidemiologist. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Eating a balanced and healthful diet of varied fresh whole plant foods will undoubtedly introduce a wide range of flavonoids into the body. (defeatdiabetes.org)
A study where you randomly assign people a diet high in flavonoids for a long period of time would be needed to test this, and may not be the most practical to implement. (www.nhs.uk)
The study mentions the popular Mediterranean diet as a great source of flavonoid-rich foods. (winespectator.com)
They also used a cafeteria diet supplemented with supplemented with the flavonoids, kaempferol-3- O -glucoside at 15 mg/kg bw and narirutin at 30 mg/kg bw. (nutraingredients-usa.com)

Studies have shown that the enzyme cytochrome P450, which is involved in the metabolism of drugs, is inhibited by flavonoids. (news-medical.net)
This review presents a current view of the genetic and biochemical control of flavonoid metabolism during seed development. (nih.gov)
Structural similarities between flavonoids and cholesterol derivatives combined with the promiscuous nature of most nuclear receptors provide a wealth of possibilities for pharmaceutical and dietary modulation of metabolism. (rsc.org)

Peanut (red) skin contains significant polyphenol content, including flavonoids. (wikipedia.org)
Flavonoids are part of the healthy polyphenol family of chemicals which occur in plants. (rainbow.coop)

Flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites, which protect plants from various stresses, including herbivory. (slideshare.net)
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that accumulate in most plant seeds and are involved in physiological functions such as dormancy or viability. (nih.gov)
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites synthesized mainly by plants. (wikipedia.org)
This review will present the growing evidence that flavonoids , natural secondary plant metabolites , are important regulators of nuclear receptor activity. (rsc.org)
Flavonoids (from the Latin "flavus," yellow) are secondary plant metabolites naturally occurring in seeds, fruit skin, peel, and bark of plants [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)

Over 5000 naturally occurring flavonoids have been characterized from various plants. (wikipedia.org)

The results suggest that people with very low intakes of flavonoids have higher risks of coronary disease. (bmj.com)
Based on data collected from 2,800 older adults, those with higher intakes of flavonoids were less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. (ideafit.com)

This review summarizes the latest advances in knowledge on the effects of flavonoids on renal function in health and disease. (frontiersin.org)
The present review addresses the effects of flavonoids on renal physiology and their renoprotective effects in nephropaties of different origin. (frontiersin.org)

Flavonoids are water-soluble polyphenolic molecules that have 15 carbon atoms. (naturalpedia.com)

The concentration of flavonoids is much higher in teas that have been brewed for a longer period of time. (englishteastore.com)
Either way, cancer patients experience "less reduction of induced DNA damage"-suggesting that "higher concentration of flavonoids would be required to achieve [the same] protective effect. (nutritionfacts.org)

The analysts forecast the global flavonoids market to grow at a CAGR of 8.04% during the period 2017-2021. (researchandmarkets.com)
The report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the global flavonoids market for 2017-2021. (researchandmarkets.com)
The report, Global Flavonoids Market 2017-2021, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. (researchandmarkets.com)

However, 'the epidemiological evidence on the association between flavonoids and lung function is very scant,' said lead study author Vanessa Garcia-Larsen, PhD, assistant professor in the Human Nutrition Division of the Department of International Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, Maryland. (news-medical.net)

The Texas A&M folks thought it was the arginine, but, others recently suggested it may be a function of the flavonoid phytonutrients in nuts. (nutritionfacts.org)

Flavonoids are a group of plant metabolites thought to provide health benefits through cell signalling pathways and antioxidant effects. (news-medical.net)
Flavonoids are plant metabolites known for their anti-oxidant activity. (webwire.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms68

Chemicals and Drugs53

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes9

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (1/5753)

The direct spectrophotometric observation of benzo(a)pyrene phenol formation by liver microsomes. (2/5753)

The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (3/5753)

Salmonella typhimurium and lipopolysaccharide stimulate extracellularly regulated kinase activation in macrophages by a mechanism involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase D as novel intermediates. (4/5753)

Role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascade in human neutrophil killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and in migration. (5/5753)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 is a novel mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. (6/5753)

Influence of tangeretin on tamoxifen's therapeutic benefit in mammary cancer. (7/5753)

Thrombopoietin-induced conformational change in p53 lies downstream of the p44/p42 mitogen activated protein kinase cascade in the human growth factor-dependent cell line M07e. (8/5753)

Flavonoids

Kaempferols

Quercetin

Flavanones

Luteolin

Flavonols

Flavones

Apigenin

Hesperidin

Rutin

Plant Extracts

Chamomile

Phenols

Picrates

Epimedium

Catechin

Anthocyanins

Antioxidants

Sophora

Plants, Medicinal

Citrus

Scutellaria baicalensis

Plant Components, Aerial

Polyphenols

Cacao

Molecular Structure

Plant Leaves

Proanthocyanidins

Fruit

Plant Bark

Free Radical Scavengers

Chalcone

Glycosides

Chalcones

Tannins

Moraceae

Propolis

Phytotherapy

Prenylation

Crataegus

Isoflavones

Primulaceae

Biphenyl Compounds

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Eriocaulaceae

Genistein

Chlorogenic Acid

Rutaceae

Hydroxyethylrutoside

Baccharis

Sulfonic Acids

Bidens

Biflavonoids

Asteraceae

Phytochemicals

Ginger

Tea

Hippophae

Morus

Glycyrrhiza

Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Structure-Activity Relationship

Plant Structures

Rhizome

Plant Roots

Oils, Volatile

Citrus paradisi

Diet

Hydroxybenzoates

Bauhinia

Rhamnaceae

Scopolia

Beverages

Gallic Acid

Wine

Millettia

Andrographis

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Glucosides

Methanol