Flavonoids. Medical search

A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.

A group of FLAVONOLS based on kaempferol. They are derived from naringenin and can be hydroxylated to QUERCETIN or reduced to leucopelargonidin.

A flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin.

A group of FLAVONOIDS characterized with a 4-ketone.

5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.

A group of 3-hydroxy-4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

A group of 4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.

A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.

A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

A plant genus of the family BERBERIDACEAE which is used in DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL. Members contain flavonol glycosides including epimedins, icariin and noricariin.

An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.

A group of FLAVONOIDS derived from FLAVONOLS, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position. They are glycosylated versions of cyanidin, pelargonidin or delphinidin. The conjugated bonds result in blue, red, and purple colors in flowers of plants.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. They bear the familiar citrus fruits including oranges, grapefruit, lemons, and limes. There are many hybrids which makes the nomenclature confusing.

A plant species of the genus SCUTELLARIA, family LAMIACEAE, that contains skullcapflavone and is used in CHINESE HERBAL DRUGS.

The above-ground plant without the roots.

A large class of organic compounds having more than one PHENOL group.

A tree of the family Sterculiaceae (or Byttneriaceae), usually Theobroma cacao, or its seeds, which after fermentation and roasting, yield cocoa and chocolate.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.

The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.

The outer layer of the woody parts of plants.

Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

Compounds based on CHALCONE. They are important intermediates in the formation of FLAVONOIDS.

Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.

The mulberry plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. They have milky latex and small, petalless male or female flowers.

A resinous substance obtained from beehives that is used traditionally as an antimicrobial. It is a heterogeneous mixture of many substances.

Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.

Attachment of isoprenoids (TERPENES) to other compounds, especially PROTEINS and FLAVONOIDS.

A genus in the family ROSACEAE of shrubs and small trees native to the North Temperate Zone. It is best known for a traditional medication for the heart.

3-Phenylchromones. Isomeric form of FLAVONOIDS in which the benzene group is attached to the 3 position of the benzopyran ring instead of the 2 position.

A plant family of the order Primulales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. The flowers have both stamens and pistil, and the fruits are capsules.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A plant family of the order Commelinales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons).

An isoflavonoid derived from soy products. It inhibits PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE and topoisomerase-II (DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE II); activity and is used as an antineoplastic and antitumor agent. Experimentally, it has been shown to induce G2 PHASE arrest in human and murine cell lines and inhibits PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE.

A naturally occurring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to prevent paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (From J Chromatogr A 1996;741(2):223-31; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996;60(5):765-68).

A plant family in the order Sapindales that grows in warmer regions and has conspicuous flowers.

Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Other plants called broom include CYTISUS; SPARTIUM; and BROMUS.

Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain bidensyneosides (polyacetylene glucosides).

Dimers (homo and hetero) of FLAVONOIDS.

A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of "daisy" refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.

A broad range of biologically active compounds which occur naturally in plants having important medicinal and nutritional properties.

Deciduous plant rich in volatile oil (OILS, VOLATILE). It is used as a flavoring agent and has many other uses both internally and topically.

The infusion of leaves of CAMELLIA SINENSIS (formerly Thea sinensis) as a beverage, the familiar Asian tea, which contains CATECHIN (especially epigallocatechin gallate) and CAFFEINE.

A plant genus of the family ELAEAGNACEAE. Linoleic (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acids (18:3n-3) comprised about 70% of seed oil fatty acids. This is unrelated to 'artificial sea buckthorn oil'. This genus does not belong to the buckthorn family (RHAMNACEAE).

A plant genus of the family MORACEAE that is widely planted for shade.

A genus of leguminous herbs or shrubs whose roots yield GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID and its derivative, CARBENOXOLONE.

Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The parts of plants, including SEEDS.

Root-like underground horizontal stem of plants that produces shoots above and roots below. Distinguished from true roots which don't have buds and nodes. Similar to true roots in being underground and thickened by storage deposits.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleoptene (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensability.

A plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that produces the familiar grapefruit. There is evidence that grapefruit inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4, resulting in delayed metabolism and higher blood levels of a variety of drugs.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

Benzoate derivatives substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain isoacteoside, luteolin, indole-3-carboxylic acid.

The buckthorn plant family, of the order Rhamnales, includes some species with edible fruits and some that are medicinal.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE after which the compound SCOPOLAMINE HYDROBROMIDE got its name.

Liquids that are suitable for drinking. (From Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)

A colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent.

Fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products used as a beverage.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain ISOFLAVONES, some of which show molluscicidal and schistosomicidal activity. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to DERRIS.

A plant genus of the family ACANTHACEAE. Members contain andrographolide and other DITERPENES and androechin, a CHALCONE.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.

Glycosides of GLUCURONIC ACID formed by the reaction of URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCURONIC ACID with certain endogenous and exogenous substances. Their formation is important for the detoxification of drugs, steroid excretion and BILIRUBIN metabolism to a more water-soluble compound that can be eliminated in the URINE and BILE.

Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are mainly trees and shrubs. Many members contain mucilage and COUMARINS.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members of this genus can cause CONTACT DERMATITIS.

The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.

Compounds with a benzene ring fused to a thiazole ring.

The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.

A plant species of the genus ARTEMISIA, family ASTERACEAE. It is the source of the antimalarial artemisinin (ANTIMALARIALS).

Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.

A plant genus in the family FABACEAE, subfamily Papilionaceae, order Fabales, subclass Rosidae. Many of the species are associated with poisoning of grazing animals. Some of the species are used medicinally.

Hydroxycinnamic acid and its derivatives. Act as activators of the indoleacetic acid oxidizing system, thereby producing a decrease in the endogenous level of bound indoleacetic acid in plants.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE.

The only specie of the genus Ginkgo, family Ginkgoacea. It is the source of extracts of medicinal interest, especially Egb 761. Ginkgo may refer to the genus or species.

A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains tephrorin, tephrosone, and C-prenylflavonoids.

A plant genus in the family VITACEAE, order Rhamnales, subclass Rosidae. It is a woody vine cultivated worldwide. It is best known for grapes, the edible fruit and used to make WINE and raisins.

A bioflavonoid that strengthens vascular walls.

A plant genus of the family COMBRETACEAE. Triterpenes and combretastatin have been identified in members of this genus.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common names of daisy or marguerite are easily confused with other plants. Some species in this genus have been reclassified to TANACETUM.

The myrtle plant family of the order Myrtales. It includes several aromatic medicinal plants such as EUCALYPTUS.

A plant family of the order Typhales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) that contains a single genus, Typha, that grows worldwide.

Several plant species of the genus VACCINIUM known for the edible blueberry fruit.

The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE. The common names of beebalm or lemonbalm are also used for MONARDA.

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

The reproductive organs of plants.

A plant genus of the family VIOLACEAE. Some species in this genus are called bouncing bet which is a common name more often used with SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS. Members contain macrocyclic peptides.

An order of the ANGIOSPERMS, subclass Rosidae. Its members include some of the most known ornamental and edible plants of temperate zones including roses, apples, cherries, and peaches.

Herbaceous biennial plants and their edible bulbs, belonging to the Liliaceae.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common name of thoroughwort is also used for other plants including EUPATORIUM; CHROMOLAENA, Hebeclinium and Koanophyllon. Eupolin is the aqueous extract of the leaves.

Substances released by PLANTS such as PLANT GUMS and PLANT RESINS.

A plant species of the genus CYNARA, family ASTERACEAE. The flower bud is the familiar artichoke eaten as a vegetable.

A plant genus in the family ROSACEAE, order Rosales, subclass Rosidae. It is best known as a source of the edible fruit (apple) and is cultivated in temperate climates worldwide.

A plant genus of the family Anacardiaceae, order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae. It is a source of gallotannin (TANNIC ACID) and of somewhat edible fruit. Do not confuse with TOXICODENDRON which used to be part of this genus.

A plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that provides the familiar orange fruit which is also a source of orange oil.

A plant species of the family VACCINIUM known for the sour fruit which is sometimes used for urinary tract infections.

A plant genus of the family VITACEAE. Cissus rufescence gum is considered comparable to TRAGACANTH.

A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.

A plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida composed of tropical plants with parallel-nerved leaves.

A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.

A plant genus in the family ROSACEAE, order Rosales, subclass Rosidae. It is best known as a source of edible fruits such as apricot, plum, peach, cherry, and almond.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The buttercup plant family of the order Ranunculales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. The leaves are usually alternate and stalkless. The flowers usually have two to five free sepals and may be radially symmetrical or irregular.

A plant genus of the family AQUIFOLIACEAE. The common name of 'holly' usually refers to this genus but may sometimes refer to similar looking plants of the MAHONIA or QUERCUS genus.

The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

Agents that are used to treat allergic reactions. Most of these drugs act by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators or inhibiting the actions of released mediators on their target cells. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p475)

A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE that has been used in folk treatment of diabetes. Members contain agrimoniin (TANNINS).

A plant family of the order Polygalales, subclass Rosidae class, Magnoliopsida that are mostly shrubs and small trees. Many of the members contain indole alkaloids.

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.

A sweet viscous liquid food, produced in the honey sacs of various bees from nectar collected from flowers. The nectar is ripened into honey by inversion of its sucrose sugar into fructose and glucose. It is somewhat acidic and has mild antiseptic properties, being sometimes used in the treatment of burns and lacerations.

The showy mistletoe plant family of the order Santalales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. This includes parasitic tropical plants with haustoria connecting to the hosts. The leaves are opposite and thick. The flowers (4-7) have both calyx and corolla. The fruit is a berry with one seed.

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.

The spurge family of flowering plants, in the order Euphorbiales, contains some 7,500 species in 275 genera. The family consists of annual and perennial herbs and woody shrubs or trees.

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

A large plant family in the order Apiales, also known as Umbelliferae. Most are aromatic herbs with alternate, feather-divided leaves that are sheathed at the base. The flowers often form a conspicuous flat-topped umbel. Each small individual flower is usually bisexual, with five sepals, five petals, and an enlarged disk at the base of the style. The fruits are ridged and are composed of two parts that split open at maturity.

A plant genus in the family VISCACEAE, order Santalales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Species of this genus contain cytotoxic LECTINS. The common name of MISTLETOE is used for many species of this and the LORANTHACEAE families.

Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain germacrane and sesquiterpene LACTONES.

Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains butrin and isobutrin.

An organism of the vegetable kingdom suitable by nature for use as a food, especially by human beings. Not all parts of any given plant are edible but all parts of edible plants have been known to figure as raw or cooked food: leaves, roots, tubers, stems, seeds, buds, fruits, and flowers. The most commonly edible parts of plants are FRUIT, usually sweet, fleshy, and succulent. Most edible plants are commonly cultivated for their nutritional value and are referred to as VEGETABLES.

Sets of enzymatic reactions occurring in organisms and that form biochemicals by making new covalent bonds.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The common name of "Bird-Of-Paradise" is also used for other plants such as Heliconia (HELICONIACEAE) and Strelitzia (STRELITZIACEAE) and some birds. The common name of "Cat's-Claw" is more often used with UNCARIA. The common name of "Pernambuco" also refers to a state in Brazil. Furanoditerpenoid lactones and caesalpin are produced by members of this genus.

The fern plant family of the order Polypodiales, class Filicopsida, division Pteridophyta, subkingdom Tracheobionta.

An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (1/5753)

After metabolic activation the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-[3H]methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one binds to DNA in vitro, and this binding is prevented by 7,8-benzoflavone. Radioactivity cannot be removed from the DNA with organic solvents or by chromatography on Sephadex G-50, even after heat denaturation of the DNA. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields radioactive fractions, which elute from a column of Sephadex LH-20 immediately after the natural nucleosides. At least two species of reactive metabolites are involved in this bending, those with a half-life of a few hr and others with greater stability. After extraction from the aqueous incubation mixture, they could be detected in discrete polar fractions from separations of the complex metabolite mixture by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Their ability to bind to DNA decreased with time at ambient temperature, and they were rapidly deactivated by acid. 7,8-Benzolflavone acted by suppressing the formation of polar metabolites derived from enzymatic oxidation of the aromatic double bonds. The inhibitor had no effect on the enzymes hydroxylating saturated carbon; hence it is unlikely that metabolism of the methyl group is important in conversion of this carcinogen to its proximate form, although the presence of the 11-methyl group is essential for carcinogenic activity in this series. (+info)

The direct spectrophotometric observation of benzo(a)pyrene phenol formation by liver microsomes. (2/5753)

Optical spectral repetitive scan analysis during the oxidative metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by liver microsomal suspensions reveals the time-dependent formation of an intermediate(s) of which the visible spectra resemble those of several benzo(a)pyrene phenols. Liver microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats showed a greater rate of formation of the phenols than did microsomes from control animals; the rate of formation catalyzed by liver microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats was intermediate. When 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene was used as a standard for comparison of activity, the rates of formation of phenols were compared when measured by fluorometric, spectrophotometric, or high-pressure liquid chromatographic analytical techniques. An epoxide hydrase inhibitor, 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3-oxide, enhanced phenol formation regardless of the source of liver microsomes, and 7,8-benzoflavone inhibited control and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene, 7,8-Benzoflavone did not effect benzo(a)pyrene metabolism by liver microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats. The effect of inhibitors on the spectrophotometric assay correlates well with the results obtained from benzo(a)pyrene metabolite analysis using high-pressure liquid chromatography. (+info)

The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (3/5753)

The extracellular receptor stimulated kinase ERK2 (p42(MAPK))-phosphorylated human cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D3 at Ser579 and profoundly reduced ( approximately 75%) its activity. These effects could be reversed by the action of protein phosphatase PP1. The inhibitory state of PDE4D3, engendered by ERK2 phosphorylation, was mimicked by the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3. In COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3, challenge with epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused the phosphorylation and inhibition of PDE4D3. This effect was blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and was not apparent using the Ser579-->Ala mutant form of PDE4D3. Challenge of HEK293 and F442A cells with EGF led to the PD98059-ablatable inhibition of endogenous PDE4D3 and PDE4D5 activities. EGF challenge of COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3 increased cAMP levels through a process ablated by PD98059. The activity of the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3 was increased by PKA phosphorylation. The transient form of the EGF-induced inhibition of PDE4D3 is thus suggested to be due to feedback regulation by PKA causing the ablation of the ERK2-induced inhibition of PDE4D3. We identify a novel means of cross-talk between the cAMP and ERK signalling pathways whereby cell stimuli that lead to ERK2 activation may modulate cAMP signalling. (+info)

Salmonella typhimurium and lipopolysaccharide stimulate extracellularly regulated kinase activation in macrophages by a mechanism involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase D as novel intermediates. (4/5753)

Activation of the extracellularly regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is part of the early biochemical events that follow lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of macrophages or their infection by virulent and attenuated Salmonella strains. Phagocytosis as well as the secretion of invasion-associated proteins is dispensable for ERK activation by the pathogen. Furthermore, the pathways used by Salmonella and LPS to stimulate ERK are identical, suggesting that kinase activation might be solely mediated by LPS. Both stimuli activate ERK by a mechanism involving herbimycin-dependent tyrosine kinase(s) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Phospholipase D activation and stimulation of protein kinase C appear to be intermediates in this novel pathway of MEK/ERK activation. (+info)

Role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascade in human neutrophil killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and in migration. (5/5753)

Killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans by neutrophils involves adherence of the microorganisms, phagocytosis, and a collaborative action of oxygen reactive species and components of the granules. While a number of intracellular signalling pathways have been proposed to regulate neutrophil responses, the extent to which each pathway contributes to the killing of S. aureus and C. albicans has not been clearly defined. We have therefore examined the effect of blocking one such pathway, the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) cascade, using the specific inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase, PD98059, on the ability of human neutrophils to kill S. aureus and C. albicans. Our data demonstrate the presence of ERK2 and a 43-kDa form of ERK but not ERK1 in human neutrophils. Upon stimulation with formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (fMLP), the activities of both ERK2 and the 43-kDa form were stimulated. Despite abrogating the activity of both ERK forms, PD98059 only slightly reduced the ability of neutrophils to kill S. aureus or C. albicans. This is consistent with our finding that PD98059 had no effect on neutrophil adherence or degranulation, although pretreatment of neutrophils with PD98059 inhibited fMLP-stimulated superoxide production by 50%, suggesting that a change in superoxide production per se is not strictly correlated with microbicidal activity. However, fMLP-stimulated chemokinesis was markedly inhibited, while random migration and fMLP-stimulated chemotaxis were partially inhibited, by PD98059. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that the ERK cascade plays only a minor role in the microbicidal activity of neutrophils and that the ERK cascade is involved primarily in regulating neutrophil migration in response to fMLP. (+info)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 is a novel mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. (6/5753)

A mitogen for growth-arrested cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells was purified to homogeneity from the supernatant of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells by heparin affinity chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. This mitogen was revealed to be tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2), which is a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor. TFPI-2 was expressed in baby hamster kidney cells using a mammalian expression vector. Recombinant TFPI-2 (rTFPI-2) stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (1-500 nM). rTFPI-2 activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and stimulated early proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA expression in smooth muscle cells. MAPK, c-fos expression and the mitogenic activity were inhibited by a specific inhibitor of MAPK kinase, PD098059. Thus, the mitogenic function of rTFPI-2 is considered to be mediated through MAPK pathway. TFPI has been reported to exhibit antiproliferative action after vascular smooth muscle injury in addition to the ability to inhibit activation of the extrinsic coagulation cascade. However, structurally similar TFPI-2 was found to have a mitogenic activity for the smooth muscle cell. (+info)

Influence of tangeretin on tamoxifen's therapeutic benefit in mammary cancer. (7/5753)

BACKGROUND: Tamoxifen and the citrus flavonoid tangeretin exhibit similar inhibitory effects on the growth and invasive properties of human mammary cancer cells in vitro; furthermore, the two agents have displayed additive effects in vitro. In this study, we examined whether tangeretin would enhance tamoxifen's therapeutic benefit in vivo. METHODS: Female nude mice (n = 80) were inoculated subcutaneously with human MCF-7/6 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Groups of 20 mice were treated orally by adding the following substances to their drinking water: tamoxifen (3 x 10(-5) M), tangeretin (1 x 10(-4) M), tamoxifen plus tangeretin (3 x 10(-5) M plus 1 x 10(-4) M), or solvent. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Oral treatment of mice with tamoxifen resulted in a statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth compared with solvent treatment (two-sided P = .001). Treatment with tangeretin did not inhibit tumor growth, and addition of this compound to drinking water with tamoxifen completely neutralized tamoxifen's inhibitory effect. The median survival time of tumor-bearing mice treated with tamoxifen plus tangeretin was reduced in comparison with that of mice treated with tamoxifen alone (14 versus 56 weeks; two-sided P = .002). Tangeretin (1 x 10(-6) M or higher) inhibited the cytolytic effect of murine natural killer cells on MCF-7/6 cells in vitro, which may explain why tamoxifen-induced inhibition of tumor growth in mice is abolished when tangeretin is present in drinking water. IMPLICATIONS: We describe an in vivo model to study potential interference of dietary compounds, such as flavonoids, with tamoxifen, which could lead to reduced efficacy of adjuvant therapy. In our study, the tumor growth-inhibiting effect of oral tamoxifen was reversed upon addition of tangeretin to the diet. Our data argue against excessive consumption of tangeretin-added products and supplements by patients with mammary cancer during tamoxifen treatment. (+info)

Thrombopoietin-induced conformational change in p53 lies downstream of the p44/p42 mitogen activated protein kinase cascade in the human growth factor-dependent cell line M07e. (8/5753)

Thrombopoietin is a cytokine with potent megakaryocytopoietic and thrombopoietic activities in vivo. Wild-type p53 is a conformationally flexible, anti-oncogenic transcription factor that plays a principal role in mediating growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis in factor-dependent hematopoietic cells. We recently reported that Tpo induces a conformational change in and functional inactivation of p53, coincident with its anti-apoptotic effects, in the human factor-dependent cell line M07e. In an effort to identify potential signaling cascades through which Tpo illicits these effects on p53, we report here that treating M07e cells with MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 dramatically suppressed Tpo-induced conformational change in p53 as well as Tpo-enhanced viability in M07e cells in a p53-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of constitutively active Raf1 in M07e cells induced conformational change in p53 independent of Tpo stimulation. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway revealed that JAK/STAT signaling plays an insignificant role in conformational modulation of p53 and apoptosis suppression. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase did not have a significant effect on p53 conformation but did have a weak but significant effect on Tpo-enhanced viability. Cytokine-induced activation of the MAPK pathway and the subsequent functional neutralization of p53, may be an event by which apoptosis is commonly suppressed in hematopoiesis. (+info)

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites synthesized mainly by plants. The general structure of flavonoids is a 15-carbon skeleton ... Unit: mg/100g Food composition data for flavonoids were provided by the USDA database on flavonoids. In the United States ... Microbial metabolism is a major contributor to the overall metabolism of dietary flavonoids. The effect of habitual flavonoid ... doi:10.1016/0022-2860(71)87109-0. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flavonoids. USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavonoid

The synthesis of flavonoid alkaloids has been achieved A number of flavonoid alkaloids have been discovered that possess ... A flavonoid alkaloid also known as a flavoalkaloid is a type of natural product produced by plants that contains both a ... The most common flavonoid alkaloids contain a nitrogen heterocycle such as a pyridine or piperidine which is covalently bonded ... Synthesis of novel flavonoid alkaloids as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. Jain SK, Bharate SB, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavonoid_alkaloid

Flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in which the amino acid phenylalanine is used to produce 4- ... This can be combined with malonyl-CoA to yield the true backbone of flavonoids, a group of compounds called chalcones, which ... Conjugate ring-closure of chalcones results in the familiar form of flavonoids, the three-ringed structure of a flavone. The ... Methods of analysis and separation of chiral flavonoids. Jaime A. Yáñeza, Preston K. Andrewsb and Neal M. Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavonoid_biosynthesis

... flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (erroneous), NADPH:flavonoid-3'-hydroxylase, and flavonoid 3-monooxygenase (erroneous). This enzyme ... In enzymology, a flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.82, was wrongly classified as EC 1.14.13.21 in the past) is an enzyme ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is flavonoid,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating). Other names in common use ... Forkmann G, Heller W, Grisebach H (1980). "Anthocyanin biosynthesis in flowers of Matthiola incana flavanone 3- and flavonoid 3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavonoid_3'-monooxygenase

C-methylated flavonoids are a category of flavonoid having methylation(s) on carbon. An example of such compounds is the ... O-methylated flavonoid v t e (Articles lacking sources from January 2021, All articles lacking sources, Flavonoids, All stub ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-methylated_flavonoid

The O-methylated flavonoids or methoxyflavonoids are flavonoids with methylations on hydroxyl groups (methoxy bonds). O- ... methylation has an effect on the solubility of flavonoids. O-methylated flavonoids formation implies the presence of specific O ... Kim, Bong-Gyu; Lee, Youngshim; Hur, Hor-Gil; Lim, Yoongho; Ahn, Joong-Hoon (2006). "Flavonoid 3′-O-methyltransferase from rice ... Schroder, G; Wehinger, E; Lukacin, R; Wellmann, F; Seefelder, W; Schwab, W; Schröder, J (2004). "Flavonoid methylation: a novel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-methylated_flavonoid

... (EC 1.14.14.81 was wrongly classified as EC 1.14.13.88 in the past) is an enzyme with systematic ... H2O Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase is a heme-thiolate protein (P-450). Menting J, Scopes RK, Stevenson TW (October 1994). " ... "Characterization of Flavonoid 3[prime],5[prime]-Hydroxylase in Microsomal Membrane Fraction of Petunia hybrida Flowers". Plant ... "A cytochrome b5 is required for full activity of flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 involved in the formation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavonoid_3',5'-hydroxylase

Flavonoid+4'-O-methyltransferase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 2.1 ... Flavonoid 4'-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.231, SOMT-2, 4'-hydroxyisoflavone methyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic ... name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:flavonoid 4'-O-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction S-adenosyl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavonoid_4'-O-methyltransferase

... may refer to: Kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase Flavonoid 4'-O- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-adenosyl-L-methionine:flavonoid_4'-O-methyltransferase

... flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of ... The non-flavonoids include the stilbenoids such as resveratrol and phenolic acids such as benzoic, caffeic and cinnamic acids. ... Like other flavonoids, the concentration of flavonols in the grape berries increases as they are exposed to sunlight. Wine ... June 2001). "Flavonoids act as negative regulators of auxin transport in vivo in arabidopsis". Plant Physiol. 126 (2): 524-35. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine

Phenols called flavonoids are under preliminary research, as of 2020, but there is no evidence that flavonoids have antioxidant ... According to a report released by USDA, in a 200-ml cup of tea, the mean total content of flavonoids is 266.68 mg for green tea ... Tea has one of the highest contents of flavonoids among common food and beverage products. Catechins are the largest type of ... "Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2016. Retrieved 2020-04-15. EFSA Panel on Dietetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_tea

"Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. November 2015. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueberry

"Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center. Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2016. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_(grape)

... is a source of flavonoids and antioxidants, especially luteolin, apigenin, folate, vitamin K, vitamin C, and vitamin A ... Delage, PhD, Barbara (November 2015). "Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsley

"Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute. 28 April 2014. "Hinokitiol , 499-44-5". www.chemicalbook.com. Bentley, Ronald (2008). "A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionophore

"Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center. Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2016. Retrieved 2 ... together with other flavonoids localized mainly in berry skins, seeds and leaves. Although berry pigments have antioxidant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry

"Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016. Lemmo W (September 2014 ... Beecher GR (October 2003). "Overview of dietary flavonoids: nomenclature, occurrence and intake". The Journal of Nutrition. 133 ... "Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids". Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 20 (7): 933- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidant

"Flavonoids". Linus Pauling Institute, Micronutrient Information Center, Oregon State University. 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2015. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_paradox

... malonylated flavonoids, acylated, prenylated and malonated proteins). De novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plants occurs in ... flavonoids; malonic acid; acetylated phenolics, alkaloids, isoprenoids, anthocyanins, and sugars; and, mevalonate-derived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_citrate_synthase

"Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. February 2016. ... flavonoids, resveratrol, and lignans - often claimed to have antioxidant effects - that are present in numerous plant foods. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient

... (from Latin flavus "yellow") are a class of flavonoids based on the backbone of 2-phenylchromen-4-one (2-phenyl-1- ... "Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. November 2015. ... David Stauth (5 March 2007). "Studies force new view on biology of flavonoids". EurekAlert!; Adapted from a news release issued ... Harborne, Jeffrey B.; Marby, Helga; Marby, T. J. (1975). The Flavonoids - Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2909-9. ISBN 978-0- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavones

2013). "Flavonoids and drug interactions". Flavonoid pharmacokinetics: methods of analysis, pre-clinical and clinical ... flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans". Flavonoids include flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, isoflavones, ... Polyphenols include flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some of which have been used historically as dyes and for ... Flavonoid configurations can also cause significant differences in sensory properties, e.g. epicatechin is more bitter and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenol

... is a flavonoid widely distributed in nature. The name has been used since 1857, and is derived from quercetum (oak ... Compared to other flavonoids quercetin is one of the most effective inducers of the phase II detoxification enzymes. In-vitro ... Quercetin is the aglycone form of a number of other flavonoid glycosides, such as rutin (also known as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside ... Quercetin is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercetin

... flavonoids; coumarins; organic acids such as citric acid and a red dye; phenolics such as phenolic acid; and anthraquinone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_aparine

... flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, These oxidation products are further reduced by the enzyme ... flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3′H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), UDP-glucoside: flavonoid ... "Studies force new view on biology of flavonoids", by David Stauth, EurekAlert!. Adapted from a news release issued by Oregon ... Anthocyanin pigments are assembled like all other flavonoids from two different streams of chemical raw materials in the cell: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin

Various citrus fruit peels contain 32 to 49 mg/g of flavonoids expressed as rutin equivalents. Citrus leaves contain rutin at ... Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat, the leaves and petioles of Rheum species, and ... Wang, Yuan-Chuen; Chuang, Yueh-Chueh; Hsu, Hsing-Wen (2008). "The flavonoid, carotenoid and pectin content in peels of citrus ... As a flavonol among similar flavonoids, rutin has low bioavailability due to poor absorption, high metabolism, and rapid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutin

... flavonoids, stilbenes or lignans. Flavonoids can be further divided into groups based on their similar chemical structure, such ... Others, such as some polyphenols and flavonoids, may be pro-oxidants in high ingested amounts. Non-digestible dietary fibers ... "Flavonoids". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. November ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytochemical

As flavonoids, catechins can act as antioxidants when in high concentration in vitro, but compared with other flavonoids, their ... Chun OK, Chung SJ, Song WO (May 2007). "Estimated dietary flavonoid intake and major food sources of U.S. adults". The Journal ... 2015). "Flavonoid intake in European adults (18 to 64 years)". PLOS ONE. 10 (5): e0128132. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1028132V. doi: ... November 2004). "Flavonoid biosynthesis in the tea plant Camellia sinensis: properties of enzymes of the prominent epicatechin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechin

The Systematic Identification of Flavonoids. Mabry et al, 1970, page 81 The compound in the Mediterranean diet that makes ... Forkmann, G. (January 1991). "Flavonoids as Flower Pigments: The Formation of the Natural Spectrum and its Extension by Genetic ... Apigenin is particularly abundant in the flowers of chamomile plants, constituting 68% of total flavonoids. Dried parsley can ... Delage, PhD, Barbara (November 2015). "Flavonoids". Corvallis, Oregon: Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apigenin

doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)96524-4. Potonay, T.; Batta, G.; Dinya, Z. (1988). "Flavonoids. 41. Stereospecific synthesis of 2,3- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanesulfonyl_chloride

The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the latest studies on the identification and distribution of flavonoids and phenolic ... These potential health benefits are partially attributed to the phytochemical compounds in oregano such as flavonoids (FL) and ... phenolic acids (PA). Flavonoids and phenolic acids are among the most abundant and most studied phytochemicals in oregano ... 25] had a different flavonoid profile with only 4 flavonoids, namely apigenin, luteolin, naringenin and quercetin. In contrast ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/7/1/2/htm

"Complexation of Flavonoids with Iron: Structure and Optical Signatures." The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 112 (6): 1845-50. ...

https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/41384029

researchers hope to create pain relievers from potent cannabis flavonoids. Christy Somos CTV National News Associate Producer ... Known as flavonoids, cannflavins A and B were first identified in 1985, "when research verified they provided anti- ...

https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/ont-researchers-hope-to-create-pain-relievers-from-potent-cannabis-flavonoids-1.4520829

Flavonoids as Phytoestrogenic Components of Hops and Beer Tomasz Tronina 1 , Jarosław Popłoński 1 , Agnieszka Bartmańska 1 ... Flavonoids as Phytoestrogenic Components of Hops and Beer Tomasz Tronina et al. Molecules. 2020. . ... FMO flavonoid 3-monooxygenase, CPR cytochrome P450 reductase, F3′5′H flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase. ... Structures of described flavonoids: xanthohumol XN (1), isoxanthohumol IX (2), desmethylxanthohumol DMX (3), 8-prenylnaringenin ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32937790

The estimated daily intake of flavonoids can be up to 2 g. Higher flavonoid intake has been associated with a lower risk of ... Project Title: Biomarkers of Dietary Flavonoid Intake, Carbonyl Stress, and Metabolic Risk Abstract: Flavonoids, the most ... there are no we ll-established biomarkers of flavonoid intake. To better understand the effects of dietary flavonoids on health ... Aim 2 is to determine the post-prandial effects of flavonoid intake on carbonyl stress and related AGEs in humans. The goals of ...

https://ods.od.nih.gov/Funding/abstract.aspx?g=1R01DK131753-01A1

Over 402 Flavonoid pictures to choose from, with no signup needed. Download in under 30 seconds. ... Quercetin ( flavonoid) molecule. Structural chemical formula and molecule model EPS Vectorby Bacsica0/0. Flavonoids in Hemp ... Vitamin P Flavonoid. Realistic Vitamin drop P Flavonoid design. 3D Vitamin complex illustration concept. Vector Illustrationby ... Flavonoid Vectorby lyricsai1/44. How Does CBD Work in the Body horizontal infographic EPS Vectorby Abouttime35/26. Distribution ...

https://www.canstockphoto.com/vector-clipart/flavonoid.html

Targeting CoV-2 Spike RBD and ACE-2 Interaction with Flavonoids of Anatolian Propolis by in silico and in vitro Studies in ... "Targeting CoV-2 Spike RBD and ACE-2 Interaction with Flavonoids of Anatolian Propolis by in silico and in vitro Studies in ...

https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/vol45/iss7/14/

EP-0911019-B1 chemical patent summary.

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/EP-0911019-B1

The small molecules can be classified into four structural types, namely, free flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, phenylethanoid ... Physicochemical and pharmacological properties of flavonoids. In:Natural compounds - flavonoids. New York (NY): Springer; p. 86 ... A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of Scutellaria baicalensis Zi-Long Wang 1 , ... A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of Scutellaria baicalensis Zi-Long Wang et ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31070530

Quercetin flavonoids inhibit PDI activity and block platelet accumulation and fibrin generation at the site of a vascular ... Targeting protein disulfide isomerase with the flavonoid isoquercetin to improve hypercoagulability in advanced cancer. ... Targeting protein disulfide isomerase with the flavonoid isoquercetin to improve hypercoagulability in advanced cancer. ...

https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/125851/ga

Flavonoids are widespread plant secondary metabolites involved in many functions such as pigmentation, protection from biotic ... 842_93 ENGINEERING STRAWBERRY ANTHOCYANIN LEVELS BY TRANSFORMATION WITH LATE FLAVONOID PATHWAY GENES ... ENGINEERING STRAWBERRY ANTHOCYANIN LEVELS BY TRANSFORMATION WITH LATE FLAVONOID PATHWAY GENES. Acta Hortic. 842, 463-466. DOI: ...

https://www.ishs.org/ishs-article/842_93

Involvement of oxygen free radicals in cardioprotective effect of rutin a naturally occurring flavonoid ...

https://www.ijp-online.com/downloadpdf.asp?issn=0253-7613

Dictionary of Flavonoids with CD-ROM lists all known flavonoids (approximately 13,000) in a single volume. It details chemical ... Dictionary of Flavonoids with CD-ROM September 6, 2016. August 28, 2019. Matt ... Widely distributed throughout plant families, flavonoids give many flowers and fruits their vibrant colors. They also play a ... Recent research indicates that flavonoids can be nutritionally helpful by triggering enzymes that reduce the risk of certain ...

https://man-health-magazine-online.com/vitamins/dictionary-of-flavonoids-with-cd-rom/

Flavonoids are bioactive plant compounds that are widely present in the human diet. Estimating flavonoid intake with a high ... Estimates of flavonoid intake were compared using flavonoid food content from PE as (1) aglycones (chromatography with ... Comparison of Flavonoid Intake Assessment Methods Using USDA and Phenol Explorer Databases: Subcohort Diet, Cancer and Health- ... Our findings indicate that caution should be taken when comparing the results of the associations between flavonoid intakes and ...

https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/186048

Here, we extend our observations to habitual intakes of total flavonoids, flavonoid subclasses, and specific flavonoid- ... We have previously found regular apple intake, a major source of dietary flavonoids, associates with lower AAC. Whether total ... In food-based analyses, higher black tea intake, the main source of total flavonoids (75.9 %), associated with significantly ... of total flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols had 36 % (odds ratio [95 % CI], 0.64 [0.43-0.95]), 39 % (0.61 [0.40-0.93]) and ...

https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2022-2026/1747/

By Sandra Nomoto Further Studies Could Pay the Way to Development of New Functional Foods and Health-Promoting Neutraceuticals Several studies have focused on food products that have been available for centuries and are the backbone of traditional medicine. The efficacy of traditional herbal remedies derives from the bioactive compounds coming from the original plant or …. Health Promoting Properties of Citrus Flavones Read More ». ...

https://havnlife.com/tag/flavonoids/

Flavonoids lower ovarian cancer risk Sep 15, 2014 flavonoids cancer Heres a new article that everyone (ladies in particular) ... Flavonoids lower Heart Disease risk for men Aug 12, 2016 flavonoids Left Brain heart health men ... Flavonoids: High dietary intake fights obesity and inflammation Jun 5, 2017 flavonoids Left Brain obesity ... heart health Left Brain flavonoids women Heres another message diet and health. This time its aboout Flavonoids and heart ...

https://braintreefruit.com/tag/flavonoids/

Shaw, L. J., Morris, P. and Hooker, J. E. (2006) Perception and modification of plant flavonoid signals by rhizosphere ... Flavonoids are a diverse class of polyphenolic compounds that are produced as a result of plant secondary metabolism. They are ... Flavonoid perception by, and impact on, their microbial targets (e.g. rhizobia, plant pathogens) is relatively well ... We hypothesize that flavonoids act to shape rhizosphere microbial community structure because they represent a potential source ...

https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/4092/

flavonoids. Flavonoids. A group of compounds with antioxidant properties, are found in carrots, tea, citrus fruits, berries, ...

https://stanberry.mythriftway.com/health_wellness/glossary/flavonoids

Flavonoids are associated with many diets and are considered to be beneficial for our health. We have recognized 21 flavonoids ... Flavonoid. Are poly nutrients found located in fruits and vegetables that are responsible for allowing them their vibrant ...

https://tahoecbd.com/glossary/flavonoid/

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans Tetrapleura tetraptera, Phytochemicals flavonoids, saponins, tannins, ...

https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/?keyword=phytochemicals+flavonoids

The efficient production of pure flavonoid compounds through plant extraction or chemical production continues to be a major ... Hence, the microbial production of flavonoids has emerged as an interesting and commercially attractive approach. The emergence ... Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites, which are valuable natural products widely used in human health and nutrition due ... Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites, which are valuable natural products widely used in human health and nutrition due ...

http://www.btbuspxb.com/spkxjsxben/Article/abstract/20150101

Antioxidant vitamins can be broken down into flavonoids and carotenoids.. Flavonoids. Flavonoids (also called bioflavonoids) ... Foods that contain flavonoids include tea, citrus fruit, citrus fruit juices, berries, red wine, apples, and others.1 ... The coolest fact about flavonoid antioxidants: they offer a double-punch because they improve vitamin Cs antioxidant ... https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals/flavonoids. *https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/ ...

https://www.marksdailyapple.com/a-visual-guide-to-antioxidants-fridge-friendly/

Should You Care About Flavonoids?. Aside from being a healthy excuse to drink wine and eat chocolate, what use are flavonoids? ... But should you make a point of getting the flavonoids? Meh, I am not so sure.. And if I do want flavonoids, I think Id rather ... Are There Flavonoids In Them Thar Guts?. Having lots of antioxidants in a substance does not necessarily mean that if you ... First, if you want Flavonoids, what is the best dietary source?. Is Green Tea Really The Most Flavonoidtastic Choice?. Well, ...

http://www.michaeljcasavant.com/2011/04/wth-are-flavonoids-should-you-care.html

flavonoids; free radical scavenging activity; structure-activity relationships; antioxidant activity; plant flavonoids; ... The possible mechanism of action of flavonoids lacking B ring OHs as free radical scavengers has been proposed. ... The relationship between the structural characteristics of 29 flavonoids and their antiradical activity was studied. The ... Structure-radical scavenging activity relationships of flavonoids. Croatica Chemica Acta, 76 (1). pp. 55-61. ISSN 0011-1643 ...

http://fulir.irb.hr/753/

See Dietary Supplements by Category , Flavonoid. Please enable JavaScript to see the table of Dietary Supplements ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results/browse?term=during+AND+breathing&brwse=diet_cat_Fl&rank=4

... flavonoids are strong antioxidants and support inflammation and immunity. ... Quercetin is a flavonoid, found in onion, red grapes, and green leafy vegetables, ... Quercetin is a flavonoid, found in many plants such as onion, raspberries, red grapes, and green leafy vegetables, they are ... Flavonoids are strong antioxidants and support inflammation and immunity.. Sort By:. Featured Items. Newest Items. Best Selling ...

https://naturobotanica.com/quercetin/

Dive into the research topics of Bioactive flavonoids from Flos Sophorae. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://research.polyu.edu.hk/en/publications/bioactive-flavonoids-from-flos-sophorae/fingerprints/

The present study aimed to identify flavonoids (naturally occurring compounds) that could inhibit amyloid plaques-induced brain ... For this purpose, the following flavonoids were tested: apigenin, baicalein, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate ( ...

https://www.healthlibrary.info/flavonoids-are-effective-protective-agents-against-alzheimers-disease/

Quercetin ( flavonoid) molecule. (canstockphoto.com)
Quercetin flavonoids inhibit PDI activity and block platelet accumulation and fibrin generation at the site of a vascular injury in mouse models, but the clinical effect of targeting extracellular PDI in humans has not been studied. (jci.org)
Quercetin is a flavonoid, found in many plants such as onion, raspberries, red grapes, and green leafy vegetables, they are part of a diverse group of phytonutrients, naturally occurring bioactive substances that may be beneficial to human health. (naturobotanica.com)
The scientists reported that quercetin, a flavonoid found in capers, dill, chili peppers, fennel, onions, and cranberries, specifically blocked the activity of a protein called IP6K that promotes the migration of cancer cells to different regions of the body, also known as metastasis. (nih.gov)
In this study, Shears and his team focused on quercetin and similar flavonoids. (nih.gov)
In follow-up experiments in human colon cells, the researchers confirmed that quercetin and two other flavonoids specifically targeted IP6K without also targeting IPMK. (nih.gov)
Inhibition of inositol polyphosphate kinases by quercetin and related flavonoids: a structure-activity analysis. (nih.gov)

The Occurrence of Flavonoids and Related Compounds in Cedrus brevifolia A. Henry ex Elwes & A. Henry Needles. (mdpi.com)
These potential health benefits are partially attributed to the phytochemical compounds in oregano such as flavonoids (FL) and phenolic acids (PA). (mdpi.com)
Abstract: Flavonoids, the most common group of polyphenolic compounds, widely occur in foods of plant origin. (nih.gov)
Flavonoids are bioactive plant compounds that are widely present in the human diet. (ub.edu)
Flavonoids are a diverse class of polyphenolic compounds that are produced as a result of plant secondary metabolism. (reading.ac.uk)
The efficient production of pure flavonoid compounds through plant extraction or chemical production continues to be a major challenge for drug development. (btbuspxb.com)
Flavonoids (also called bioflavonoids) are polyphenol pigment compounds that are present in most flowering plants. (marksdailyapple.com)
The obtained results suggest that the free radical scavenger potential of these polyphenolic compounds closely depends on the particular substitution pattern of free hydroxyl groups on the flavonoid skeleton. (irb.hr)
The present study aimed to identify flavonoids (naturally occurring compounds) that could inhibit amyloid plaques-induced brain cell death. (healthlibrary.info)
Quercitrin, glycosylated form of flavonoid compounds, is widely distributed in nature. (cdc.gov)

The estimated daily intake of flavonoids can be up to 2 g. (nih.gov)
Higher flavonoid intake has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in some but not all studies. (nih.gov)
While validated biological markers may represent an alternative approach for measuring diet, there are no we ll-established biomarkers of flavonoid intake. (nih.gov)
This application is aimed to test the hypothesis that dietary flavonoids and their RCS conjugates and oxidized metabolites, can serve as biomarkers of flavonoid intake, reflect inter-individual differences, and be inversely associated with the risk of carbonyl stress and oxidative stress associated metabolic diseases. (nih.gov)
Aim 2 is to determine the post-prandial effects of flavonoid intake on carbonyl stress and related AGEs in humans. (nih.gov)
and 2) whether biomarkers of flavonoid intake are prospectively associated with risk of T2D in a cohort of female nurses and whether RCS, AGEs, and oxidative stress markers are mediators of this association. (nih.gov)
At the completion of these studies, our expectation is that we will have identified objective biomarkers of flavonoids that reflect their intake and biological functions. (nih.gov)
PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Higher flavonoid intake has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in some but not all studies, which may be because nutrition research relies heavily on self-reported measures of dietary intake that are often prone to measurement error. (nih.gov)
The objective of this project is to identify objective biomarkers of dietary flavonoids that reflect their intake and biological functions using the combination of natural product research, targeted metabolomics, human kinetic studies, and epidemiological validation and disease association. (nih.gov)
Estimating flavonoid intake with a high degree of certainty is challenging due to the inherent limitations of dietary questionnaires and food composition databases. (ub.edu)
Estimates of flavonoid intake were compared using flavonoid food content from PE as (1) aglycones (chromatography with hydrolysis), (2) aglycones transformed (converted from glycosides by chromatography without hydrolysis), (3) as they are in nature (glycosides, aglycones, and esters), and 4) using flavonoid content from USDA as aglycones (converted). (ub.edu)
When comparing PE total aglycones to USDA total aglycones, there was a moderate reliability when a continuous variable was used [ICC: 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-0.76] and an excellent reliability when flavonoid intake was modeled as a categorical variable (K: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.88-0.90). (ub.edu)
Higher habitual dietary flavonoid intake associates with less extensiv" by Benjamin H. Parmenter, Catherine P. Bondonno et al. (edu.au)
We have previously found regular apple intake, a major source of dietary flavonoids, associates with lower AAC. (edu.au)
Whether total dietary flavonoid intake impacts AAC remains unknown. (edu.au)
Flavonoid intake was calculated from food-frequency questionnaires. (edu.au)
In food-based analyses, higher black tea intake, the main source of total flavonoids (75.9 %), associated with significantly lower odds of extensive AAC (2-6 cups/d had 16 % - 42 % lower odds compared with 0 daily intake). (edu.au)
Conclusions: In older women, greater habitual dietary flavonoid intake associates with less extensive AAC. (edu.au)
It's about daily flavonoid intake and how it can protect us. (braintreefruit.com)
But green tea lets you intake flavonoids without taking in sugars and if 197 mL of red wine is enough to achieve produce health benefits (a generous glass of wine), then three cups of green tea a day should easily achieve the same effect without the sugar or intoxication. (michaeljcasavant.com)

It is antioxidant, natural flavonol, type of flavonoid. (canstockphoto.com)
Antioxidant vitamins can be broken down into flavonoids and carotenoids. (marksdailyapple.com)
The coolest fact about flavonoid antioxidants: they offer a double-punch because they improve vitamin C's antioxidant capabilities. (marksdailyapple.com)
An antioxidant flavonoid. (naturobotanica.com)
5. Comparison of Flavonoid O-Glycoside, C-Glycoside and Their Aglycones on Antioxidant Capacity and Metabolism during In Vitro Digestion and In Vivo. (nih.gov)

This review comprehensively summarizes research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of S. baicalensis. (nih.gov)
Through the use of plant mutants defective in flavonoid biosynthesis, we may also start to address the question of the significance of flavonoids in shaping rhizosphere community structure and function. (reading.ac.uk)

The possible mechanism of action of flavonoids lacking B ring OHs as free radical scavengers has been proposed. (irb.hr)
Plant-derived flavonoids have shown promise in improving certain AD phenotypes, but the overall mechanism of action(s) through which flavonoids protect from AD is still unknown. (nih.gov)

To better understand the effects of dietary flavonoids on health and risk of chronic diseases, biomarkers for their exposure and effects are needed. (nih.gov)
Aim 1 is to demonstrate the formation and pharmacokinetics of RCS conjugates of the major dietary flavonoids and their metabolites in humans. (nih.gov)
In this aim, we will conduct four acute pharmacokinetic studies of the major dietary flavonoids by giving volunteers four different flavonoid-rich foods (green tea, soy milk, orange juice, and blueberries), respectively. (nih.gov)
First, if you want Flavonoids, what is the best dietary source? (michaeljcasavant.com)
We applied advanced structural biology techniques to picture, at the level of individual atoms, the manner in which dietary flavonoids interact with IP6K," said senior study author Stephen Shears, Ph.D. , head of the Inositol Signaling Group at NIEHS. (nih.gov)
There is much disagreement on how human health benefits from dietary flavonoids," said lead study author Chunfang Gu, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in Shears' laboratory. (nih.gov)

Flavonoids are strong antioxidants and support inflammation and immunity. (naturobotanica.com)

It is plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. (canstockphoto.com)
This is not the first time I have drawn attention to research that substantiates the importance of flavonoids / polyphenols to your daily diet. (braintreefruit.com)
Flavonoids sound more like a 1950s space monster invading our planet to take our women, but it turns out they are just a reputedly healthy group of naturally-occurring polyphenols found in certain foods. (michaeljcasavant.com)

Catechin, flavonoid, C15H14O6 molecule. (canstockphoto.com)

NIEHS scientists open door to new medicines by discovering how flavonoids - at levels found in balanced diet - block cancer-promoting protein. (nih.gov)
Several studies indicate that flavonoids reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. (nih.gov)
Flavonoids from Gynostemma pentaphyllum exhibit differential induction of cell cycle arrest in H460 and A549 cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
Flavonoids , containing mainly kaempferol rhamnohexoside derivatives, were extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (G. pentaphyllum) and their potential growth inhibition effects against H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells was explored and compared to that on A549 cells . (bvsalud.org)
11. Flavonoids: A Myth or a Reality for Cancer Therapy? (nih.gov)
13. The Hallmarks of Flavonoids in Cancer. (nih.gov)

The degree of reliability among all methods of estimated flavonoid intakes was very similar, especially between database pairs, for the flavanol subclass, while larger differences were observed for flavone, flavonol, and isoflavone subclasses. (ub.edu)
Our findings indicate that caution should be taken when comparing the results of the associations between flavonoid intakes and health outcomes from studies, when flavonoid intakes were estimated using different methods, particularly for some subclasses. (ub.edu)
Here, we extend our observations to habitual intakes of total flavonoids, flavonoid subclasses, and specific flavonoid-containing foods, with the odds of extensive AAC. (edu.au)

Flavonoid perception by, and impact on, their microbial targets (e.g. rhizobia, plant pathogens) is relatively well characterized. (reading.ac.uk)
We hypothesize that flavonoids act to shape rhizosphere microbial community structure because they represent a potential source of carbon and toxicity and that they impact on rhizosphere function, for example, by accelerating the biodegradation of xenobiotics. (reading.ac.uk)
We also examine the reverse question, 'how do rhizosphere microbial communities impact on flavonoid signals? (reading.ac.uk)
The presence of microorganisms undoubtedly influences the quality and quantity of flavonoids present in the rhizosphere, both through modification of root exudation patterns and microbial catabolism of exudates. (reading.ac.uk)
Microbial alteration and attenuation of flavonoid signals may have ecological consequences for below-ground plant-microbe and plant-plant interaction. (reading.ac.uk)
Hence, the microbial production of flavonoids has emerged as an interesting and commercially attractive approach. (btbuspxb.com)
Research Progress on Microbial Production of Flavonoids[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2015,33(1):1-5. (btbuspxb.com)

The results of this study lend further credence to the notion that EGCG and other flavonoids, such as luteolin, are 'multipotent therapeutic agents' that not only reduce toxic levels of brain Aβ, but also hold the potential to protect neuronal mitochondrial function in AD. (nih.gov)

Widely distributed throughout plant families, flavonoids give many flowers and fruits their vibrant colors. (man-health-magazine-online.com)
Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites, which are valuable natural products widely used in human health and nutrition due to its biochemical properties such as antiviral, antiobesity, and anticancer. (btbuspxb.com)

More importantly, the consumption of foods containing flavonoids has been linked to numerous health benefits. (man-health-magazine-online.com)
Foods that contain high amounts of flavonoids include blueberries, red beans, cranberries, and blackberries. (man-health-magazine-online.com)
Many other foods, including red and yellow fruits and vegetables and some nuts, as well as red wine and certain teas are also rich in flavonoids. (man-health-magazine-online.com)
Web pages have a variety of information, but let's see what the USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, Release 2.1 has to tell us. (michaeljcasavant.com)
If you are consuming the above foods to get flavonoids, then you may be wasting your time. (michaeljcasavant.com)

Thus, this review first summarizes the conventional roles of flavonoids as nod gene inducers, phytoalexins and allelochemicals before exploring questions concerning 'non-target' impacts. (reading.ac.uk)

We have recognized 21 flavonoids that can be associated with the Cannabis plant. (tahoecbd.com)

Due the potential health benefits, research into flavonoids and their potential beneficial effects on human health continues unabated. (man-health-magazine-online.com)
The findings pinpoint a likely cause for the known beneficial effects of consuming flavonoids. (nih.gov)

The relationship between the structural characteristics of 29 flavonoids and their antiradical activity was studied. (irb.hr)
These techniques provided a structural map that showed exactly how the flavonoid was able to home in on IP6K. (nih.gov)

Flavonoids are widespread plant secondary metabolites involved in many functions such as pigmentation, protection from biotic and abiotic stress, and plant-environment interactions. (ishs.org)
Most familiar is their function as a signal in initiation of the legume-rhizobia symbiosis, but, flavonoids may also be signals in the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and are known agents in plant defence and in allelopathic interactions. (reading.ac.uk)

NIEHS researchers have discovered a possible explanation for why flavonoids, the healthy chemicals in many fruits and vegetables, may be so good for you. (nih.gov)

Flavonoids can also prevent specific types of proteins, known as protein kinases and phospholipid kinases, from functioning properly. (nih.gov)
To identify flavonoids and other natural products that may correct amyloid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, 25 natural products were screened for their ability to restore altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, or ATP levels in neuroblastoma cells expressing mutant amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP). (nih.gov)
Pistachios are on the list, he explained, because they contain protein and flavonoids that can help stimulate blood flow. (medscape.com)

Besides α- and β-acids, the lupulin glands of hop cones excrete prenylated flavonoids, which exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities and therefore has therapeutic potential in humans. (nih.gov)
The extracted flavonoids were found to exhibit antiproliferation effects against H460 cells ( IC50 = 50.2 µg/mL), although the IC50 of H460 is 2.5-fold that of A549 cells ( IC50 = 19.8 µg/mL). (bvsalud.org)

Recently, we and others have demonstrated that flavonoids can scavenge toxic reactive carbonyl species (RCS) and carbonyl stress can be a new mechanistic target of flavonoids for prevention of metabolic disorders. (nih.gov)

What distinguishes our work is the discovery that IP6K is affected by levels of flavonoids found within a balanced human diet. (nih.gov)

These observations strongly suggest the growth inhibition discrepancy between H460 and A549 following flavonoid treatment can be attributed to the lack of cell cycle arrest in H460 cells and the differences between H460 and A549 cells may serve as contrasting models for further mechanistic investigations. (bvsalud.org)

Vitamin P Flavonoid. (canstockphoto.com)
Realistic Vitamin drop P Flavonoid design. (canstockphoto.com)

Flavonoids and phenolic acids are among the most abundant and most studied phytochemicals in oregano species. (mdpi.com)

Despite their reported health benefits, flavonoids interact with other proteins, so they may cause unwanted side effects. (nih.gov)

You can run comparisons of the content and, depending on the source and specific product chosen, you will likely find data suggesting that red wine has as much as twice as many flavonoids per mL than green tea and 71% cocoa dark chocolate ( the most plentiful chocolate source ) five times as much. (michaeljcasavant.com)

Known as 'flavonoids,' cannflavins A and B were first identified in 1985, "when research verified they provided anti-inflammatory benefits that were nearly 30 times more effective…than aspirin" the university said in a press release . (ctvnews.ca)
Recent research indicates that flavonoids can be nutritionally helpful by triggering enzymes that reduce the risk of certain cancers, heart disease, and age-related degenerative diseases. (man-health-magazine-online.com)

In our studies, we have demonstrated that flavonoids can scavenge RCS to form related RCS conjugates, and therefore, prevent the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in mice. (nih.gov)

The researchers identified a small collection of flavonoids that blocked the function of IP6K but not IPMK. (nih.gov)

402 Flavonoid clip art vector EPS images available to search from thousands of royalty free stock art and stock illustration creators. (canstockphoto.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms68

Chemicals and Drugs53

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes9

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (1/5753)

The direct spectrophotometric observation of benzo(a)pyrene phenol formation by liver microsomes. (2/5753)

The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (3/5753)

Salmonella typhimurium and lipopolysaccharide stimulate extracellularly regulated kinase activation in macrophages by a mechanism involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase D as novel intermediates. (4/5753)

Role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascade in human neutrophil killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and in migration. (5/5753)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 is a novel mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. (6/5753)

Influence of tangeretin on tamoxifen's therapeutic benefit in mammary cancer. (7/5753)

Thrombopoietin-induced conformational change in p53 lies downstream of the p44/p42 mitogen activated protein kinase cascade in the human growth factor-dependent cell line M07e. (8/5753)

Flavonoids

Kaempferols

Quercetin

Flavanones

Luteolin

Flavonols

Flavones

Apigenin

Hesperidin

Rutin

Plant Extracts

Chamomile

Phenols

Picrates

Epimedium

Catechin

Anthocyanins

Antioxidants

Sophora

Plants, Medicinal

Citrus

Scutellaria baicalensis

Plant Components, Aerial

Polyphenols

Cacao

Molecular Structure

Plant Leaves

Proanthocyanidins

Fruit

Plant Bark

Free Radical Scavengers

Chalcone

Glycosides

Chalcones

Tannins

Moraceae

Propolis

Phytotherapy

Prenylation

Crataegus

Isoflavones

Primulaceae

Biphenyl Compounds

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Eriocaulaceae

Genistein

Chlorogenic Acid

Rutaceae

Hydroxyethylrutoside

Baccharis

Sulfonic Acids

Bidens

Biflavonoids

Asteraceae

Phytochemicals

Ginger

Tea

Hippophae

Morus

Glycyrrhiza

Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Structure-Activity Relationship

Plant Structures

Rhizome

Plant Roots

Oils, Volatile

Citrus paradisi

Diet

Hydroxybenzoates

Bauhinia

Rhamnaceae

Scopolia

Beverages

Gallic Acid

Wine

Millettia

Andrographis

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Glucosides

Methanol