Flavivirus. Medical search

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE containing several subgroups and many species. Most are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. The type species is YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.

Infections with viruses of the genus FLAVIVIRUS, family FLAVIVIRIDAE.

A subgroup of the genus FLAVIVIRUS that causes encephalitis and hemorrhagic fevers and is found in eastern and western Europe and the former Soviet Union. It is transmitted by TICKS and there is an associated milk-borne transmission from viremic cattle, goats, and sheep.

A subgroup of the genus FLAVIVIRUS which comprises a number of viral species that are the etiologic agents of human encephalitis in many different geographical regions. These include Japanese encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE), St. Louis encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, ST. LOUIS), Murray Valley encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, MURRAY VALLEY), and WEST NILE VIRUS.

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.

A species of the genus FLAVIVIRUS which causes an acute febrile and sometimes hemorrhagic disease in man. Dengue is mosquito-borne and four serotypes are known.

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE), which is the etiological agent of Japanese encephalitis found in Asia, southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.

Encephalitis caused by neurotropic viruses that are transmitted via the bite of TICKS. In Europe, the diseases are caused by ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, TICK-BORNE, which give rise to Russian spring-summer encephalitis, central European encephalitis, louping ill encephalitis, and related disorders. Powassan encephalitis occurs in North America and Russia and is caused by the Powassan virus. ASEPTIC MENINGITIS and rarely encephalitis may complicate COLORADO TICK FEVER which is endemic to mountainous regions of the western United States. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp14-5)

The type species of the FLAVIVIRUS genus. Principal vector transmission to humans is by AEDES spp. mosquitoes.

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE), found in Australia and New Guinea. It causes a fulminating viremia resembling Japanese encephalitis (ENCEPHALITIS, JAPANESE).

Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.

A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE), which is the etiologic agent of ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS in the United States, the Caribbean, and Central and South America.

Infections of the brain caused by arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., arboviruses) primarily from the families TOGAVIRIDAE; FLAVIVIRIDAE; BUNYAVIRIDAE; REOVIRIDAE; and RHABDOVIRIDAE. Life cycles of these viruses are characterized by ZOONOSES, with birds and lower mammals serving as intermediate hosts. The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) or TICKS. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, alterations of mentation, focal neurologic deficits, and COMA. (From Clin Microbiol Rev 1994 Jan;7(1):89-116; Walton, Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System, 10th ed, p321)

A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.

A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.

An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with WEST NILE VIRUS.

A viral encephalitis caused by the St. Louis encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, ST. LOUIS), a FLAVIVIRUS. It is transmitted to humans and other vertebrates primarily by mosquitoes of the genus CULEX. The primary animal vectors are wild birds and the disorder is endemic to the midwestern and southeastern United States. Infections may be limited to an influenza-like illness or present as an ASEPTIC MENINGITIS or ENCEPHALITIS. Clinical manifestations of the encephalitic presentation may include SEIZURES, lethargy, MYOCLONUS, focal neurologic signs, COMA, and DEATH. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p750)

A family of proteins that promote unwinding of RNA during splicing and translation.

An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. The severe form is characterized by fever, HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE, and renal damage.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Virus diseases caused by the TOGAVIRIDAE.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

A family of RNA viruses, many of which cause disease in humans and domestic animals. There are three genera FLAVIVIRUS; PESTIVIRUS; and HEPACIVIRUS, as well as several unassigned species.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE).

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

Arthropod-borne viruses. A non-taxonomic designation for viruses that can replicate in both vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. Included are some members of the following families: ARENAVIRIDAE; BUNYAVIRIDAE; REOVIRIDAE; TOGAVIRIDAE; and FLAVIVIRIDAE. (From Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE.

A plant family of the order Malvales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. The leaves of Sterculiaceae are alternate and simple or palmately compound. Flowers have three to five sepals and five or no petals.

Any DNA sequence capable of independent replication or a molecule that possesses a REPLICATION ORIGIN and which is therefore potentially capable of being replicated in a suitable cell. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

Diseases of birds not considered poultry, therefore usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. The concept is differentiated from POULTRY DISEASES which is for birds raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption, and usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc.

The entering of cells by viruses following VIRUS ATTACHMENT. This is achieved by ENDOCYTOSIS, by direct MEMBRANE FUSION of the viral membrane with the CELL MEMBRANE, or by translocation of the whole virus across the cell membrane.

Proteins which are synthesized as a single polymer and then cleaved into several distinct proteins.

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.

Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.

Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with DENGUE VIRUS. These include live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, and inactivated vaccines.

A collection of single-stranded RNA viruses scattered across the Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Togaviridae families whose common property is the ability to induce encephalitic conditions in infected hosts.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

A genus of TOGAVIRIDAE, also known as Group A arboviruses, serologically related to each other but not to other Togaviridae. The viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes. The type species is the SINDBIS VIRUS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.

Noncytopathic flavivirus replicon RNA-based system for expression and delivery of heterologous genes. (1/427)

Noncytopathic replicons of the flavivirus Kunjin (KUN) were employed for expression and delivery of heterologous genes. Replicon vector C20DX2Arep, containing a unique cloning site followed by the sequence of 2A autoprotease of foot-and-mouth disease virus, was constructed and used for expression of a number of heterologous genes including chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), green fluorescent protein (GFP), beta-galactosidase, glycoprotein G of vesicular stomatitis virus, and the Core and NS3 genes of hepatitis C virus. The expression and proper processing of these genes upon transfection of BHK21 cells with the recombinant replicon RNAs were demonstrated by immunofluorescence, radioimmunoprecipitation, and appropriate reporter gene assays. Most of these recombinant KUN replicon RNAs were also successfully packaged into secreted virus-like particles (VLPs) by subsequent transfection with Semliki Forest virus replicon RNA expressing KUN structural genes. Infection of BHK21 and Vero cells with these VLPs resulted in continuous replication of the recombinant replicon RNAs and prolonged expression of the cloned genes without any cytopathic effect. We also developed a replicon vector for generation of stable cell lines continuously expressing heterologous genes by inserting an encephalomyelocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site-neomycin transferase gene cassette into the 3'-untranslated region of the C20DX2Arep vector. Using this vector (C20DX2ArepNeo), stable BHK cell lines persistently expressing GFP and CAT genes for up to 17 passages were established. Thus noncytopathic KUN replicon vectors with the ability to be packaged into VLPs should provide a useful tool for the development of noninfectious and noncytopathic vaccines as well as for gene therapy applications. (+info)

Mutation patterns for two flaviviruses: hepatitis C virus and GB virus C/hepatitis G virus. (2/427)

We studied the mutation patterns of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (HGV). Although the mutation patterns of the two viruses were similar to each other, they were quite different from that of HIV. In particular, the similarity of the patterns between HCV or HGV and human nuclear pseudogenes was statistically significant whereas there was no similarity between HIV and human nuclear pseudogenes. This finding suggests that the mutation patterns of HCV and HGV are similar to the patterns of spontaneous substitution mutations of human genes, implying that nucleotide analogues which are effective against HCV and HGV may have a side effect on the normal cells of humans. (+info)

Degradation of Japanese encephalitis virus by neutrophils. (3/427)

The ability of neutrophils to degrade the phagocytosed Japanese encephalitis (JE) virion, via triggering of the respiratory burst and generation of toxic radicals has been investigated. JEV or JEV-induced macrophage derived factor (MDF) induces increase in intracellular oxidative signals with generation of superoxide anion (O2-), via activation of cytosolic NADPH and subsequent formation of hydrogen peroxide, with maximum activity on day 7 post infection. The response was sensitive to anti-MDF antibody treatment. Further, the study revealed rapid degradation of phagocytosed JE viral protein and nucleic acid. The viral protein degradation was partially dependent on the generation of toxic oxygen species as it could be abrogated by pretreatment of the cells with staurosporine. (+info)

Mutagenesis of the NS2B-NS3-mediated cleavage site in the flavivirus capsid protein demonstrates a requirement for coordinated processing. (4/427)

Analysis of flavivirus polyprotein processing has revealed the presence of a substrate for the virus-encoded NS2B-NS3 protease at the carboxy-terminal end of the C (capsid or core) protein. Cleavage at this site has been implicated in the efficient generation of the amino terminus of prM via signal peptidase cleavage. Yellow fever virus has four basic residues (Arg-Lys-Arg-Arg) in the P1 through P4 positions of this cleavage site. Multiple alanine substitutions were made for these residues in order to investigate the substrate specificity and biological significance of this cleavage. Mutants were analyzed by several methods: (i) a cell-free trans processing assay for direct analysis of NS2B-NS3-mediated cleavage; (ii) a trans processing assay in BHK-21 cells, using a C-prM polyprotein, for analysis of prM production; (iii) an infectivity assay of full-length transcripts to determine plaque-forming ability; and (iv) analysis of proteins expressed from full-length transcripts to assess processing in the context of the complete genome. Mutants that exhibited severe defects in processing in vitro and in vivo were incapable of forming plaques. Mutants that contained two adjacent basic residues within the P1 through P4 region were processed more efficiently in vitro and in vivo, and transcripts bearing these mutations were fully infectious. Furthermore, two naturally occurring plaque-forming revertants were analyzed and shown to have restored protein processing phenotypes in vivo. Finally, the efficient production of prM was shown to be dependent on the proteolytic activity of NS3. These data support a model of two coordinated cleavages, one that generates the carboxy terminus of C and another that generates the amino terminus of prM. A block in the viral protease-mediated cleavage inhibits the production of prM by the signal peptidase, inhibits particle release, and eliminates plaque formation. (+info)

Transient expression of cellular polypyrimidine-tract binding protein stimulates cap-independent translation directed by both picornaviral and flaviviral internal ribosome entry sites In vivo. (5/427)

The regulation of cap-independent translation directed by the internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) present in some viral and cellular RNAs is poorly understood. Polypyrimidine-tract binding protein (PTB) binds specifically to several viral IRESs. IRES-directed translation may be reduced in cell-free systems that are depleted of PTB and restored by reconstitution of lysates with recombinant PTB. However, there are no data concerning the effects of PTB on IRES-directed translation in vivo. We transfected cells with plasmids expressing dicistronic transcripts in which the upstream cistron encoded PTB or PTB deletion mutants (including a null mutant lacking amino acid residues 87 to 531). The downstream cistron encoded a reporter protein (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase [CAT]) under translational control of the poliovirus IRES which was placed within the intercistronic space. In transfected BS-C-1 cells, transcripts expressing wild-type PTB produced 12-fold more reporter protein than similar transcripts encoding the PTB null mutant. There was a 2.4-fold difference in CAT produced from these transcripts in HeLa cells, which contain a greater natural abundance of PTB. PTB similarly stimulated CAT production from transcripts containing the IRES of hepatitis A virus or hepatitis C virus in BS-C-1 cells and Huh-7 cells (37- to 44-fold increase and 5 to 5.3-fold increase, respectively). Since PTB had no quantitative or qualitative effect on transcription from these plasmids, we conclude that PTB stimulates translation of representative picornaviral and flaviviral RNAs in vivo. This is likely to reflect the stabilization of higher ordered RNA structures within the IRES and was not observed with PTB mutants lacking RNA recognition motifs located in the C-terminal third of the molecule. (+info)

Phylogeny of the genus flavivirus using complete coding sequences of arthropod-borne viruses and viruses with no known vector. (6/427)

Attempts to define the evolutionary relationships and origins of viruses in the genus Flavivirus are hampered by the lack of genetic information particularly amongst the non-vectored flaviviruses. Using a novel protocol for sequence determination, the first complete coding sequence of St Louis encephalitis virus and those of two representative non-vectored flaviviruses, Rio Bravo (isolated from bat) and Apoi (isolated from rodent), are reported. The encoded polyproteins of Rio Bravo and Apoi virus are the smallest described to date within the genus FLAVIVIRUS: The highest similarities with other flaviviruses were found in the NS3 and NS5 genes. The proteolytic cleavage sites for the viral serine protease were highly conserved among the flaviviruses completely sequenced to date. Comparative genetic amino acid alignments revealed that p-distance cut-off values of 0.330-0.470 distinguished the arthropod-borne viruses according to their recognized serogroups and Rio Bravo and Apoi virus were assigned to two distinct non-vectored virus groups. Within these serogroups, cladogenesis based on the complete ORF sequence was similar to trees based on envelope and NS5 sequences. In contrast, branching patterns at the deeper nodes of the tree were different from those reported in the previous study of NS5 sequences. The significance of these observations is discussed. (+info)

cis- and trans-acting elements in flavivirus RNA replication. (7/427)

Most of the seven flavivirus nonstructural proteins (NS1 to NS5) encoded in the distal two-thirds of the RNA positive-sense genome are believed to be essential components of RNA replication complexes. To explore the functional relationships of these components in RNA replication, we used trans-complementation analysis of full-length infectious RNAs of Kunjin (KUN) virus with a range of lethal in-frame deletions in the nonstructural coding region, using as helper a repBHK cell line stably producing functional replication complexes from KUN replicon RNA. Recently we showed that replication of KUN RNAs with large carboxy-terminal deletions including the entire RNA polymerase region in the NS5 gene, representing 34 to 75% of the NS5 coding content, could be complemented after transfection into repBHK cells. In this study we have demonstrated that KUN RNAs with deletions of 84 to 97% of the NS1 gene, or of 13 to 63% of the NS3 gene including the entire helicase region, were also complemented in repBHK cells with variable efficiencies. In contrast, KUN RNAs with deletions in any of the other four nonstructural genes NS2A, NS2B, NS4A, and NS4B were not complemented. We have also demonstrated successful trans complementation of KUN RNAs containing either combined double deletions in the NS1 and NS5 genes or triple deletions in the NS1, NS3, and NS5 genes comprising as much as 38% of the entire nonstructural coding content. Based on these and our previous complementation results, we have generated a map of cis- and trans-acting elements in RNA replication for the nonstructural coding region of the flavivirus genome. These results are discussed in the context of our model on formation and composition of the flavivirus replication complex, and we suggest molecular mechanisms by which functions of some defective components of the replication complex can be complemented by their wild-type counterparts expressed from another (helper) RNA molecule. (+info)

A novel model for the study of the therapy of flavivirus infections using the Modoc virus. (8/427)

The murine Flavivirus Modoc replicates well in Vero cells and appears to be as equally sensitive as both yellow fever and dengue fever virus to a selection of antiviral agents. Infection of SCID mice, by either the intracerebral, intraperitoneal, or intranasal route, results in 100% mortality. Immunocompetent mice and hamsters proved to be susceptible to the virus only when inoculated via the intranasal or intracerebral route. Animals ultimately die of (histologically proven) encephalitis with features similar to Flavivirus encephalitis in man. Viral RNA was detected in the brain, spleen, and salivary glands of infected SCID mice and the brain, lung, kidney, and salivary glands of infected hamsters. In SCID mice, the interferon inducer poly IC protected against Modoc virus-induced morbidity and mortality and this protection was associated with a reduction in infectious virus content and viral RNA load. Infected hamsters shed the virus in the urine. This allows daily monitoring of (inhibition of) viral replication, by means of a noninvasive method and in the same animal. The Modoc virus model appears attractive for the study of chemoprophylactic or chemotherapeutic strategies against Flavivirus infections. (+info)

Flaviviruses[edit]. Flaviviridae is a family of viruses that encompasses well known viruses such as West Nile virus and Dengue ... The genus Flavivirus has a prototypical envelope protein (E-protein) on its surface which serves as the target for virus ... Diamond, MS (2003). "Evasion of innate and adaptive immunity by flaviviruses". Immunology and Cell Biology. 81 (3): 196-206. ... Other flaviviruses that cause dengue, louping ill and yellow fever escape antibody neutralization via mutations in the domain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenic_variation

In testing for IgG and IgM antibodies there may be cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses which may result in a false ... Dengue fever virus (DENV) is an RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. Other members of the same genus include ... ISBN 978-0-07-149618-6. Gould EA, Solomon T (February 2008). "Pathogenic flaviviruses". Lancet. 371 (9611): 500-9. doi:10.1016/ ... Sampath A, Padmanabhan R (January 2009). "Molecular targets for flavivirus drug discovery". Antiviral Research. 81 (1): 6-15. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_fever

Ghosh Roy S, Sadigh B, Datan E, Lockshin RA, Zakeri Z (May 2014). "Regulation of cell survival and death during Flavivirus ... It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. Five serotypes of the ... In recent years, many studies have shown that flaviviruses, especially dengue virus, has the ability to inhibit the innate ... McLean JE, Wudzinska A, Datan E, Quaglino D, Zakeri Z (June 2011). "Flavivirus NS4A-induced autophagy protects cells against ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_virus

... (POWV) is a Flavivirus transmitted by ticks, found in North America and in the Russian Far East. It is named ... Powassan virus (POWV) is a Flavivirus named after the town of Powassan, Ontario, Canada where it was identified in a 5 year old ... As of 2010[update], Powassan virus has been noted as the only tick-borne Flavivirus in North America with human pathogenicity. ... "Genus: Flavivirus" (html). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. 20 March 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019. Kemenesi G ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powassan_virus

Molecular genetic analysis has shown that Yokose virus is a new member of the Flavivirus genus. Flaviviruses are typically ... Yokose virus is a new member of the Flavivirus family that has only been identified in a few bat species. Bats have been ... The genus Flavivirus includes over 50 known viruses, including Yellow Fever, West Nile Virus, Zika Virus, and Japanese ... Protein 2K is not found in many other flaviviruses. NS3 functions as a protease and helicase. NS5 functions as the RNA- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokose_virus

Zika fever: The Zika virus is caused by the single stranded RNA Flavivirus that uses the Aedes mosquito as a vector to infect ... Yellow fever viruses, Dengue fever viruses, and Zika viruses are of the Flavivirus genera and Chikungunya virus is of the ... Dengue fever: The Dengue virus is a flavivirus also transmissible by Aedes mosquito vectors to other animal hosts. Dengue was ... Kuno, G.; Chang, G. J.; Tsuchiya, K. R.; Karabatsos, N.; Cropp, C. B. (January 1998). "Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_zoonosis

The genus Flavivirus can further be broken down into clades based on whether the vector that transmits the virus to humans, and ... The genus Flavivirus is one of the largest viral genera and encompasses over 50 viral species, including tick and mosquito ... Sepik virus is in the genus Flavivirus, which means it is similar to yellow fever virus, as Yellow Fever Virus is the type ... Sepik virus causes a fever in humans, much like other viruses in the genus Flavivirus like dengue virus and Yellow fever virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepik_virus

Similarly, arthropod viruses in the Flavivirus and Phlebovirus genera are numerous and often transmitted to humans. ... Holbrook MR (30 April 2017). "Historical Perspectives on Flavivirus Research". Viruses. 9 (5): 97. doi:10.3390/v9050097. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboviria

Like most other flaviviruses, WNV is an enveloped virus with icosahedral symmetry. Electron microscope studies reveal a 45-50 ... The flavivirus lipid membrane has been found to contain cholesterol and phosphatidylserine, but other elements of the membrane ... It is a member of the family Flaviviridae, specifically from the genus Flavivirus, which also contains the Zika virus, dengue ... Davidson, Andrew D. (2009). Chapter 2 New Insights into Flavivirus Nonstructural Protein 5. Advances in Virus Research. 74. pp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_virus

The Flavivirus genus includes nearly 80 viruses, both vector-borne and no known vector (NKV) species. Known flavivirus vector- ... Typically, flaviviruses cause encephalitis in host organisms. MODV causes flavivirus-like encephalitis in SCID (severe combined ... and tick-borne flaviviruses (Fig.2). Similar to most positive (+) ssRNA viruses, flaviviruses generate organelle-like ... A mature flavivirus has a spherical shape and contains multiple copies of three structural proteins (C, M, and E), a host- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modoc_virus

The KFD virus is a typical flavivirus measuring about 40-60 nm in diameter. The genome of KFDV consists of 10,774 nucleotides ... EA Gould; T Solomon (February 9, 2008). "Pathogenic flaviviruses". The Lancet. 371 (961): 500-509. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08) ... Dobler, Gerhard (2010). "Zoonotic tick-borne flaviviruses". Veterinary Microbiology. 140 (3/4): 221-228. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic. ... Gerhard Dobler (27 January 2010). "Zoonotic tick-borne flaviviruses". Veterinary Microbiology. 140 (3-4, Zoonoses: Advances and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyasanur_Forest_disease

ISBN 978-0-19-570506-5.[page needed] Gould, EA; Solomon, T (February 2008). "Pathogenic flaviviruses". The Lancet. 371 (9611): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticks_of_domestic_animals

Similar to other flaviviruses, SPONV has a positive-sense, single stranded RNA genome, which is about 11 kilobases in length. ... The Spondweni virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus. Due to its phylogeny, it is related to the ... Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus. J Virol 72:73-83 Faye, Oumar; Freire, Caio C. M.; Iamarino, Atila; Faye, Ousmane; de ... 8 (1): e2636 Dai, Lianpan (11 May 2016). "Structures of the Zika Virus Envelope Protein and Its Complex with a Flavivirus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondweni_virus

... (EC 3.4.21.91, Yellow fever virus (flavivirus) protease, NS2B-3 proteinase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the ... "Flavivirus genome organization, expression, and replication". Annual Review of Microbiology. 44: 649-88. doi:10.1146/annurev.mi ... each of the Xaa can be either Arg or Lys and Yaa can be either Ser or Ala This enzyme is present in classical flaviviruses ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavivirin

"Regulation of Apoptosis during Flavivirus Infection". Viruses. 9 (9): 243. doi:10.3390/v9090243. PMC 5618009. PMID 28846635. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_viruses

"Feasibility of cross-protective vaccination against flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex". Expert Rev ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis

... flaviviruses, pestiviruses, statoviruses, tombusviruses, single-stranded RNA bacteriophages, hepatitis C virus and a subset of ... an alphavirus supergroup plus a flavivirus supergroup; the dsRNA viruses; and the -ve strand viruses. The lentivirus group ... This analysis suggests that alphaviruses and flaviviruses can be separated into two families-the Togaviridae and Flaviridae, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_virus

Several other tick-borne flaviviruses have not been known to cause human nor animal diseases, and their potential pathogenicity ... Turell, Michael J.; Apperson, Charles (18 August 2015). "Experimental Transmission of Karshi (Mammalian Tick-Borne Flavivirus ... Gerhard Dobler (January 2010). "Zoonotic tick-borne flaviviruses". Veterinary Microbiology. 140 (3-4): 221-228. doi:10.1016/j. ... Tick-borne flaviviruses are among the most important viruses in the world, primarily Europe and Asia. Tick-borne encephalitis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Farm_virus

Dobler G (January 2010). "Zoonotic tick-borne flaviviruses". Veterinary Microbiology. Zoonoses: Advances and Perspectives. 140 ... a flavivirus from family Flaviviridae. Lineage 2 POWV is also known as deer tick virus (DTV) Vector: Ixodes cookei, Ix. ... a flavivirus from family Flaviviridae Vector: deer tick (Ixodes scapularis), Ixodes ricinus (Europe), Ixodes persulcatus ( ... jingmenvirus group in the flavivirus family Vector: tick (likely Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes ricinus), mosquitoes Region: Inner ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick-borne_disease

Comparison with the genomes of other viruses showed that its closest relatives are the Mediterranean Ochlerotatus flavivirus ( ... "Novel Flaviviruses Detected in Different Species of Mosquitoes in Spain" (PDF). Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 12 (3): 223 ... "Novel insect-specific flavivirus isolated from northern Europe". Virology. 433 (2): 471-478. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2012.08.038. ... "A novel insect-specific flavivirus replicates only in Aedes-derived cells and persists at high prevalence in wild Aedes vigilax ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parramatta_River_virus

Among them are Flaviviruses such as Dengue virus, Yellow fever virus, Zika virus, Coronaviruses, including alpha- and ... Cardosa, M. J.; Porterfield, J. S.; Gordon, S. (1983-07-01). "Complement receptor mediates enhanced flavivirus replication in ... This mechanism has been shown for Ebola virus in vitro and some flaviviruses in vivo. When an antibody to a virus is unable to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_enhancement

Like other flaviviruses, the TBEV genome codes for ten viral proteins, three structural, and seven nonstructural (NS). The ... TBEV is a member of the genus Flavivirus. Other close relatives, members of the TBEV serocomplex, include Omsk hemorrhagic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick-borne_encephalitis_virus

... virus belongs to genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. There are four subtypes: British, Irish, Spanish and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louping_ill

Best researches interactions between pathogenic viruses and the host immune response using flavivirus as a model. Best earned a ... She investigated virus-host interactions involved in flavivirus pathogenesis. It was during this time that she developed her ... Her virus models include emerging flaviviruses (such as Zika virus and encephalitis) and filoviruses (Ebola virus). In 2011, ... Best was awarded a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers for her work on flavivirus suppression of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_M._Best

As in other flaviviruses, such as the similarly sized West Nile virus, the RNA genome encodes seven nonstructural proteins and ... Flaviviruses replicate in the cytoplasm, but Zika antigens have been found in infected cell nuclei. The viral protein numbered ... Like other flaviviruses, Zika virus is enveloped and icosahedral and has a nonsegmented, single-stranded, 10 kilobase, positive ... Zika virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae and the genus Flavivirus, thus is related to the dengue, yellow fever, Japanese ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zika_virus

In flavivirus virions, the fusion peptide is buried in dimmers of the fusion glycoprotein E. At low pH, the dimmers are ... Since Enebbe Bat Virus is in the Genus Flavivirus, the structure is Icosadedral-like with a Pseudo T=3 symmetry with a diameter ... Entebbe bat virus is an infectious disease caused by a Flavivirus that is closely related to yellow fever. Little is known ... Entebbe Bat Virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus within the family of Flaviviredae. Its order is Unassigned. Based on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entebbe_bat_virus

A positive test for West Nile IgG in the absence of a positive West Nile IgM is indicative of a previous flavivirus infection ... It is common in serologic testing for cross-reactions to occur among flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DENV) and tick-borne ... This structure is similar to the dengue fever virus; both belong to the genus Flavivirus within the family Flaviviridae. The ... Zeidner NS, Higgs S, Happ CM, Beaty BJ, Miller BR (1999). "Mosquito feeding modulates Th1 and Th2 cytokines in flavivirus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_fever

This compound also has weak in vitro activity against flavivirus. Berberine Jatrorrhizine Phellodendrine Wang YM, Zhao LB, Lin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmatine

... (LGTV) is a virus of the genus Flavivirus. The virus was first isolated in Malaysia in 1956 from a hard tick of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langat_virus

"Isolation of a novel species of flavivirus and a new strain of Culex flavivirus (Flaviviridae) from a natural mosquito ... Viruses transmitted almost exclusively by arthropods: Bunyavirus, Flavivirus, and Togavirus. Some Reoviruses are transmitted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_disease

WHO released the recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2021 southern hemisphere influenza season. They are: an A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus; an A/Wisconsin/588/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus; an A/Hong Kong/45/2019 (H3N2)-like.... read more ...

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Flavivirus is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae. (wikipedia.org)
The genus includes the West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis, as well as insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) such as cell fusing agent virus (CFAV), Palm Creek virus (PCV), and Parramatta River virus (PaRV). (wikipedia.org)
The known non-arboviruses of the flavivirus family reproduce in either arthropods or vertebrates, but not both, with one odd member of the genus affecting a nematode. (wikipedia.org)
Flavivirus 5' UTR are untranslated regions in the genome of viruses in the genus Flavivirus. (wikipedia.org)
Zika virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus , and is an arbovirus transmitted mainly by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (Stegomyia). (thefreedictionary.com)
ZIKV is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus, and is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitos (1). (thefreedictionary.com)
The Flavivirus genus is in the family Flaviviridae and is comprised of more than 70 viruses. (mdpi.com)
Kuno G, Chang G‐JJ, Tsuchiya KR, Karabatsos N and Cropp CB (1998) Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus. (els.net)
The Flavivirus genus is composed by viral serocomplexes with relevant global epidemiological impact. (frontiersin.org)
The Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family is composed by over than 70 viral species with relevant global epidemiological impact. (frontiersin.org)
The Flavivirus genus is involved in important chapters of both, World and Brazilian epidemiology histories. (frontiersin.org)
Flaviviridae flavivirus is the largest genus and is often insect-borne. (healthmap.org)
Many dozens of species in the flavivirus genus have been identified, including some important zoonotic diseases. (healthmap.org)
The causative agent of this emerging disease was identified as the new duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), a member of the Ntaya virus group in the genus Flavivirus ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
The Flavivirus genus constitutes some of the most serious human pathogens including Japanese encephalitis, dengue and yellow fever. (indigo.ca)
Approximately half of the world's population is at risk of being infected with members of the genus Flavivirus , with 2.5 billion people at risk of infection from the dengue viruses alone ( 8 , 53 ). (asm.org)
Serological diagnosis of flavivirus infections is complicated by the antigenic similarities among the Flavivirus genus. (mdpi.com)
The replication of dengue, West Nile and three strains of Zika (genus Flavivirus ), and Ross River, Barmah Forest and Sindbis (genus Alphavirus ) viruses was compared in w AlbB-infected cells with Wolbachia -free controls. (springer.com)
Dengue fever, a neglected emerging disease for which no vaccine or antiviral agents exist at present, is caused by dengue virus, a member of the Flavivirus genus. (ntu.edu.sg)
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus in the genus Flavivirus , family Flaviviridae (1). (freethesaurus.com)
In addition to the flaviviruses (genus Flavivirus ), the family includes 2 other genera, the hepaciviruses (genus Hepacivirus, which includes hepatitis C virus and GB virus B) and pestiviruses (genus Pestivirus, which includes bovine viral diarrhea virus and classical swine fever virus). (freethesaurus.com)
The Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus, consists of a variety of viruses transmitted by blood-feeding arthropod species, several of which represent emergent or reemergent pathogens including Zika (ZIKV), Dengue (DENV), Yellow Fever (YFV), Japanese Encephalitis (JEV), and West Nile (WNV) viruses. (freethesaurus.com)
Members of this family belong to a single genus, Flavivirus , and cause widespread morbidity and mortality throughout the world. (eenzyme.com)
The embryos virus (DTMUV), a member of the Ntaya virus group in died within 3-5 days after inoculation, with severe cu- the genus Flavivirus ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a previously little-known flavivirus closely related to Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, dengue, and yellow fever viruses, all of which are primarily transmitted by blood-sucking mosquitoes. (springer.com)
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to flavivirus family which was first isolated from a sentinel rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest, Uganda in 1947 (1). (thefreedictionary.com)
UT Southwestern researchers report the use of CRISPR genome-wide screening to identify a gene that helps cells resist flavivirus infection, including West Nile virus, dengue fever, Zika virus, and yellow fever. (thefreedictionary.com)
Flaviviruses, including Zika , West Nile virus and dengue virus , can lead to severe illness and death. (biotechniques.com)
Better designed vaccines for insect-spread viruses like dengue and Zika are likely after researchers discovered models of immature flavivirus particles were originally misinterpreted. (news-medical.net)
After collecting data and comparing it with every known mammal and bird species on Earth, scientists from the University of California, Davis, have identified wildlife species that are the most likely to host flaviviruses such as Zika, West Nile, dengue and yellow fever. (news-medical.net)
Flaviviruses comprise several medically important viruses, including Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus, and Zika virus (ZIKV). (asm.org)
The Competitive Intelligence Report „Flavivirus Vaccines: Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, West Nile, Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis & Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Vaccines" provides a competitor evaluation in the field of vaccines on the market or in research & development for prevention of flavivirus-induced diseases as of February 2016. (pipelinereview.com)
Companies with experience and expertise with Flavivirus vaccine development are thought to have an advantage over competitors as they might be able to shorten the time until a Zika vaccine can be brought to market. (pipelinereview.com)
Envelope Protein - To complement our flavivirus NS1 and VLP proteins, we also offer soluble Zika virus Envelope protein for use in serological based diagnostic assays. (2bscientific.com)
Our chimeric flavivirus envelope antibody is based upon the popular clone 4G2, which is specific for a well-defined conserved epitope on many key flaviviruses, including Denque, Zika, West Nile and Yellow Fever viruses. (2bscientific.com)
Here we sought to define how host cell translation is regulated during infection of human cells with dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), two positive-strand RNA flaviviruses. (asm.org)
Flaviviruses, including dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), rely heavily on the availability of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes throughout their lifecycle and degradation of ER membranes restricts flavivirus replication. (physiciansweekly.com)
The Flavivirus species including Dengue virus, Zika virus and yellow fever virus are transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. (ncbs.res.in)
and it has been proposed that ISFVs potentially could be used to alter the vector competence of mosquitoes and reduce transmission of specific flavivirus pathogens, such as dengue, West Nile, or Zika viruses. (ajtmh.org)
Common clinically-relevant flavivirus diseases include Zika, dengue fever, West Nile fever, yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis. (uniquest.com.au)
In addition, differential testing was performed for other flaviviruses, namely dengue, Zika and West Nile viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Zika computer virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that offers rapidly pass on through the Americas and offers been associated with fetal abnormalities, including microcephaly. (columbiagypsy.net)
Flaviviruses are predominantly transmitted by a mosquito vector, but Zika virus is the first Flavivirus to demonstrate sexual transmission. (freethesaurus.com)
Like other Flaviviruses , Zika virus is enveloped and icosahedral, and has a nonsegmented, single-stranded, 10 kb positive-sense RNA genome. (eenzyme.com)

Flaviviruses are small enveloped viruses with virions comprised of three proteins called C, M and E [ PMID: 8676481 , PMID: 7913359 , PMID: 8437237 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
Opening doors to the possibility of developing new vaccines and antiviral agents to fight a host of insect-borne diseases, scientists have, for the first time, determined the structure of a family of viruses known as the flaviviruses. (eurekalert.org)
Because all flavivirus are closely related, Kuhn says studying the structure of the dengue virus will reveal strategies that can be used to study other viruses in the family. (eurekalert.org)
The flavivirus family contains a number of medically important viruses that have proved to be difficult to control and study," he says. (eurekalert.org)
Flaviviruses are positive-sense RNA viruses, and many are important human pathogens. (springer.com)
involve generating recombinant cDNA clones for several viruses in the alpha- and flavivirus genera. (juju.com)
TBEV, another encephalitic flavivirus known to cause severe infections in humans and dogs, belongs to the group of mammalian tick-borne viruses [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The resulting 'hot spot' maps show regions of the world with high diversity of potential wildlife hosts of flaviviruses -- viruses mostly spread by mosquitoes and ticks. (news-medical.net)
Flaviviruses are small, positive sense RNA viruses that can cause yellow fever, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile virus in addition to tick-borne encephalitis (Hetnz and Stiasny 2012). (kenyon.edu)
Flaviviruses exact an enormous toll in terms of illness and death worldwide," notes NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. "Because this is a relatively new field of study, everything we learn about how these viruses operate is significant. (rxpgnews.com)
The researchers say the culture model will greatly increase knowledge about how flaviviruses infect ticks and could become a tool to evaluate medical countermeasures against tick-borne viruses. (nih.gov)
Detection, Diagnosis and Vaccine Development , the third volume of The Flaviviruses details the current status of technologies for detection and differentiation of these viruses, their use in surveillance and outbreak investigation, and also reviews the latest clinical research. (indigo.ca)
These studies define BPIFB3 as a required host factor for both DENV and ZIKV replication and further contribute to our understanding of the requirements for autophagy during flavivirus infection.Flaviviruses and other arthropod transmitted viruses represent a widespread global health problem with limited treatment options currently available. (physiciansweekly.com)
In Europe, many flaviviruses are endemic (West Nile, Usutu, tick-borne encephalitis viruses) or occasionally imported (dengue, yellow fever viruses). (mdpi.com)
This genome organization implies that mature viral proteins are produced by posttranslational cleavage of a polyprotein precursor and has implications for flavivirus RNA replication and for the evolutionary relation of this virus family to other RNA viruses. (caltech.edu)
We analysed the complete coding sequences of all recognized species of Aedes-borne flavivirus, including previously uncharacterized viruses within the yellow fever virus (YFV), Spondweni virus (SPOV) and dengue virus (DENV) groups. (nerc.ac.uk)
This analysis supported previous evidence that Culex-borne flaviviruses have evolved from ancestral Aedes-borne viruses. (nerc.ac.uk)
mutations that may modify the envelope protein structure were identified for seven viruses within the YFV group, and an expansion of host-vector range was identified in the two major evolutionary lineages, which in turn may facilitate the emergence of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. (nerc.ac.uk)
The new chimeric viruses are formed by splicing the genes that code for the specific antigenic elements of a vertebrate-infecting flavivirus (VIF) into the genome backbone of an insect-specific flavivirus (ISF). (uniquest.com.au)
Two genera of viruses responsible for significant numbers of human disease cases are Flavivirus and Alphavirus . (springer.com)
Although all four viruses caused placental infection, only infection with the neurotropic flaviviruses (WNV and POWV) resulted in fetal demise. (sciencemag.org)
The results obtained from this study indicate that IFA showed a significantly better discrimination for flavivirus specific IgM antibodies than did the standard IgM specific EIAs (the overall cross-reactivity varied between 4 and 10% by IFA and 30-44% by EIA for the respective viruses). (eur.nl)
We aim at characterizing the role of PDZ/PBM interactions in the life cycle of different flaviviruses, namely WNV, JEV, DV and ZIKV viruses. (pasteur.fr)
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses, several of which represent emerging or re-emerging pathogens responsible for widespread infections with consequences ranging from asymptomatic seroconversion to severe clinical diseases and congenital developmental deficits. (pasteur.fr)
Flaviviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses infecting more than 100 million people a year with the main representatives including West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Antigen-capture solid phase immunoassays employing flavivirus monoclonal antibodies MAB for the detection of yellow fever YF or dengue DEN viruses in cell cultures and serum have recently been reported. (dtic.mil)
The chimeric viruses are constructed to contain amino acid mutations in the nonstructural viral proteins of a flavivirus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
Chimeric viruses containing the attenuation-mutated nonstructural genes of the virus are used as a backbone into which the structural genes of a second flavivirus strain are inserted. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
The attenuated chimeric viruses are effective as immunogens or vaccines and may be combined in a pharmaceutical composition to confer simultaneous immunity against several strains of pathogenic flaviviruses. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

The findings, published in Friday's (3/8) issue of the scientific journal Cell, provide the first detailed view of a flavivirus and offer structural information that can be used to unravel the processes that lead to viral infection. (eurekalert.org)
However following some infections - such as those due to the alphaviruses and flaviviruses - IgM persists for months to years, and may only be used as presumptive evidence of recent infection. (health.gov.au)
to investigate antibody response against Flaviviruses and differentiation of Flavivirus antibody repertoirs after infection or vaccination. (juju.com)
Only low levels of viremia are induced after infection with most flaviviruses (apart from dengue), so diagnosis is confirmed mainly through serological tools. (hindawi.com)
A reported 40 percent of the world's population is at risk for dengue infection, with a rising number of home-grown cases occurring in the U.S. Dengue infection is caused by any of four related flaviviruses. (uvm.edu)
Interferon is so critical for recovery from these infections that it is being tested in clinical trials to treat infection with various flaviviruses. (rxpgnews.com)
Although Japanese encephalitis has declined as an important cause of illness and death in Japan, infection with other flaviviruses has become a public health concern. (cdc.gov)
Infection by other flaviviruses, including an increase in imported dengue cases and isolations of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, is becoming a public health threat. (cdc.gov)
Flavivirus infection of Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick) ex vivo organotypic cultures and application for control. (nih.gov)
Animals previously infected (≥420 days) with DENV2, DENV4, or yellow fever virus were compared to flavivirus-naïve animals following infection with a Brazilian ZIKV strain. (harvard.edu)
Despite these findings, no significant differences between flavivirus-naïve and immune animals were observed in viral titers, neutralizing antibody levels, or immune cell kinetics following ZIKV infection. (harvard.edu)
These results indicate that prior infection with heterologous flaviviruses neither conferred protection nor increased observed ZIKV titers in this non-human primate ZIKV infection model. (harvard.edu)
Together, these studies further define the immune evasion potential of NS1 in reducing the functional capacity of C4 in complement activation and control of flavivirus infection. (jimmunol.org)
The presence of flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies in human sera creates two public health concerns upon secondary infection with heterologous flaviviruses. (asm.org)
Additionally, the presence of subneutralizing levels of flavivirus cross-reactive serum antibodies may result in an increase in the severity of secondary flavivirus infections due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), particularly after secondary DENV infection ( 18 , 27 , 50 , 52 ). (asm.org)
Vaccination and immunization strategies to design Aedes aegypti salivary protein based subunit vaccine tackling Flavivirus infection. (ncbs.res.in)
Here, we develop the rationale and strategy for a new approach to developing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) vaccines for ZKV flavivirus infection. (frontiersin.org)
Koraka P , Zeller H , Niedrig M , Osterhaus AD , Groen J . Reactivity of serum samples from patients with a flavivirus infection measured by immunofluorescence assay and ELISA. (eurosurveillance.org)
Forty-seven serum samples from patients with a defined flavivirus infection were tested. (eur.nl)
Interestingly, a larger NS1-related protein, NS1′, is often detected during infection with the members of the Japanese encephalitis virus serogroup of flaviviruses. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
This challenge remains because of cross-reactivity among flaviviruses, especially in a context of secondary flavivirus infection or previous immunization. (freethesaurus.com)
Other studies have used CRISPR genetic screens to identify cellular genes that are required for flavivirus infection. (freethesaurus.com)

The interactions of the flavivirus envelope proteins: implications for virus entry and release. (ebi.ac.uk)
Positive identification of NS4A, the last of the hypothetical nonstructural proteins of flaviviruses. (ebi.ac.uk)
Organization of the flavivirus genome and expression of proteins (genes are not drawn to scale). (els.net)
Structure and functionality in flavivirus NS-proteins: perspectives for drug design. (springer.com)
We found that epitopes capable of eliciting flavivirus cross-protective immunity to a wide range of human populations are concentrated in proteins E, NS3, and NS5. (frontiersin.org)
The genomic RNA is translated into a viral polyprotein, which is cleaved by viral and cellular proteases, to originate flavivirus proteins ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Flaviviruses are small and have only seven nonstructural and three structural proteins. (kenyon.edu)
Kumar, M. Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Proteins in Flavivirus Replication and Assembly Complexes. (mdpi.com)
2019. "Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Proteins in Flavivirus Replication and Assembly Complexes" Pathogens 8, no. 3: 148. (mdpi.com)
The Native Antigen Company offers an extensive range of flavivirus antigens, expressed as both recombinant proteins in our mammalian expression system and native viral preparations. (2bscientific.com)
Most of the seven flavivirus nonstructural proteins (NS1 to NS5) encoded in the distal two-thirds of the RNA positive-sense genome are believed to be essential components of RNA replication complexes. (asm.org)
Flaviviruses have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome of 10.7 kb that is transcribed into a single polyprotein precursor encoding three structural proteins, the capsid (C), premembrane (prM), and envelope (E) proteins, and seven nonstructural proteins ( 36 , 45 ). (asm.org)
This study was designed to develop a subunit vaccine using Aedes mosquito salivary proteins targeting the aforementioned Flaviviruses. (ncbs.res.in)
The non-structural proteins were involved in flavivirus assembly (20). (freethesaurus.com)
Flavivirus replication is mediated by a complex machinery that consists of viral enzymes, nonenzymatic viral proteins, and host factors. (meta.org)

This page contains the laboratory case definition for alphavirus and flavivirus infections. (health.gov.au)
Readers should be aware that cross-reacting IgM can occur, particularly with flavivirus infections. (health.gov.au)
West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are flaviviruses responsible for severe neuroinvasive infections in humans and horses. (hindawi.com)
The confirmation of flavivirus infections is mostly based on rapid serological tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). (hindawi.com)
In order to improve the serological differentiation of flavivirus infections, the recombinant soluble ectodomain of WNV E (WNV.sE) and EDIIIs (rEDIIIs) of WNV, JEV, and TBEV were synthesised using the Drosophila S2 expression system. (hindawi.com)
The microspheres coupled to WNV.sE or rEDIIIs were assayed with about 300 equine immune sera from natural and experimental flavivirus infections and 172 nonimmune equine sera as negative controls. (hindawi.com)
Although some dengue infections are asymptomatic, severe infections of this flavivirus can cause hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome and have a higher risk of complications and death. (uvm.edu)
Human flavivirus infections stimulate virus species-specific as well as flavivirus cross-reactive immune responses. (asm.org)
Flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies in human sera create a serious problem for serodiagnosis, especially for secondary flavivirus infections, due to the difficulty of differentiating primary from secondary cross-reactive serum antibodies. (asm.org)
The presence of subneutralizing levels of flavivirus cross-reactive serum antibodies may result in a dramatic increase in the severity of secondary flavivirus infections via antibody-dependent enhancement. (asm.org)
Human infections by flaviviruses elicit humoral immune responses resulting in the production of virus species-specific as well as flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies ( 9 , 51 ). (asm.org)
Firstly, serodiagnosis of secondary flavivirus infections, especially in areas with multiple cocirculating flaviviruses, can be particularly difficult due to the inability to differentiate cross-reactive antibodies elicited by primary infections from those elicited by secondary infections, using the currently available viral antigens. (asm.org)
If these or other neurotropic flaviviruses take off in the human population, then we may again experience congenital infections with devastating effects. (sciencemag.org)
Flavivirus infections are a significant public health problem, since several members of the Flaviviridae family are highly pathogenic to humans. (eur.nl)
The flavivirus IFA is a useful tool for the identification of flavivirus infections during the acute stage of disease. (eur.nl)
Host genetic control of mosquito-borne Flavivirus infections. (pasteur.fr)
In this review, we provide an overview of the host genes and variants which modify susceptibility or resistance to major mosquito-borne flaviviruses infections in mice and humans. (pasteur.fr)
Nucleic acid-based inhibition of flavivirus infections. (semanticscholar.org)
Routine diagnosis of Flavivirus infections is usually made either through antibody detection by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) or RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), depending on the phase of the disease. (freethesaurus.com)

The flavivirus family includes a number of dangerous insect-borne diseases such as dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, tick-borne encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis. (eurekalert.org)
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as yellow fever virus, dengue virus serotypes 1-4, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality in affected regions. (mdpi.com)
Many flaviviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), or dengue virus are emerging or reemerging diseases threatening humans and/or animals [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, have made the surprising discovery that flaviviruses, which cause such serious diseases as West Nile fever, yellow fever and forms of encephalitis, evade immune system defenses in different ways depending on whether they are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. (rxpgnews.com)
So, the fact that West Nile virus first appeared or emerged in the U.S. in 1999 should warn us about the potential for tick-borne flaviviruses to emerge on other continents. (rxpgnews.com)
Flaviviruses are the cause of diseases spread by mosquitoes (e.g., dengue fever and West Nile fever) and by ticks (e.g. (nih.gov)
To evaluate this, we tested the capacity of four emerging arboviruses [West Nile virus (WNV), Powassan virus (POWV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Mayaro virus (MAYV)] from related (flavivirus) and unrelated (alphavirus) genera to infect the placenta and fetus in immunocompetent, wild-type mice. (sciencemag.org)
The natural history and potential impact of mosquito-specific flaviviruses on the transmission efficiency of West Nile virus (WNV) is unknown. (cdc.gov)
Here we report studies of the antigenic relationship of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV), two zoonotic flaviviruses from Italy, together with a Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strain and compared them with their genetic relationship using the immunodominant viral E protein. (surrey.ac.uk)
6. The tetravalent immunogenic composition of claim 1, further comprising an immunogenic composition for a flavivirus selected from the group consisting of West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and a combination of two or more thereof. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

Flaviviruses are arboviruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (pasteur.fr)

Monash's Associate Professor Fasséli Coulibaly, a co-leader of the study, said the revelation could lead to new and better vaccines for flaviviruses, which have a huge disease burden globally. (news-medical.net)
Dr. Bloom says that all flaviviruses have a similar genomic structure, and many scientists thought they would use the same survival mechanism and respond to the same vaccines and therapies, but the RML work shows otherwise. (rxpgnews.com)
There are no antiviral drug therapies for any of the flaviviruses, and effective human vaccines are in high demand for many of the medically important species. (asm.org)
There are currently no WNV or DENV vaccines licensed for human use, yet vaccines exist against other flaviviruses. (sparrho.com)

The Flavivirus positive-oriented, single-stranded RNA genome has a length of 10,000 - 11,000 bases. (wikipedia.org)
Flavivirus genome organization, expression, and replication. (ebi.ac.uk)
Genome-wide investigations have identified a number of ER multiprotein complexes as vital factors for flavivirus replication. (mdpi.com)
Based on these and our previous complementation results, we have generated a map of cis - and trans -acting elements in RNA replication for the nonstructural coding region of the flavivirus genome. (asm.org)
The sequence of the entire RNA genome of the type flavivirus, yellow fever virus, has been obtained. (caltech.edu)
However, distinctive samples were also tested with universal primers for amplification of flavivirus genome. (biomedcentral.com)

Flaviviruses constitute an increasing source of public health concern, with growing numbers of pathogens causing disease and geographic spread to temperate climates. (asm.org)
The complement system plays a pivotal protective role in the innate immune response to many pathogens including flaviviruses. (jimmunol.org)
Some of these agents are closely related to important mosquito-borne flavivirus pathogens. (ajtmh.org)

Flaviviruses are globally distributed and dengue virus alone infects around 400 million people annually,' Dr Coulibaly said. (news-medical.net)
Dengue virus-specific and Flavivirus group determinants identified with monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. (atcc.org)
This region of the virus envelope is also highly conserved among other Flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus and Dengue virus (DV). (jimmunol.org)
Since immune cross reactivity has been reported within the Dengue virus serogroup, we hypothesized that T cells specific for this A*0201 restricted WNV stretch of envelope would cross-recognize different flaviviruses due to epitope conservation. (jimmunol.org)
In comparison, two tick-borne flaviviruses (louping-ill and Langat) and a member of the dengue virus subgroup (dengue-2 virus) remained virulent for mice following six passages in HeLa cells. (surrey.ac.uk)
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus classified into four serotypes (DENV-1-4) that causes Dengue fever (DF), Dengue hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) or Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). (elsevier.com)

These data demonstrate that cellular immunity is cross-reactive among different Flaviviruses. (jimmunol.org)
Our NS1 antibodies are highly specific, and overcome the inherent cross-reactivity of patient sera to different flaviviruses. (2bscientific.com)

The 5' UTR of flaviviruses are highly structured, has a length of approximately 100 nucleotides and harbors two conserved RNA secondary structures which are vital for the viral life cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Crystal structure of a novel conformational state of the flavivirus NS3 protein: implications for polyprotein processing and viral replication. (springer.com)
Flaviviruses viral particles have icosahedral capsid, are enveloped and present a single stranded genomic RNA of positive sense ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
2021) The structure of an infectious immature flavivirus redefines viral architecture and maturation. (news-medical.net)
Juan Santiago Salas-Benito and Mónica De Nova-Ocampo, "Viral Interference and Persistence in Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses," Journal of Immunology Research , vol. 2015, Article ID 873404, 14 pages, 2015. (hindawi.com)
We sought to reduce or ablate these viral phenotypes of TP21 and E5 by using a strategy that had been used successfully in the past to reduce neurovirulence and abolish neuroinvasiveness of TBEV, namely substitution of structural protein genes of the tick-borne flavivirus for the corresponding genes of dengue type 4 virus (DEN4). (pnas.org)
Flaviviruses are known for their complex life cycles and epidemic spread, and are considered a globally-emergent viral threat. (indigo.ca)
Flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a secreted nonstructural glycoprotein that accumulates in plasma to high levels and is displayed on the surface of infected cells but absent from viral particles. (jimmunol.org)
Structure, Replication and Evolution is the first volume of The Flaviviruses and presents the latest research covering the conceptual advances on aspects such as the characterization of virus structure, cellular receptors, mechanisms of virus entry, host and viral components of the RNA replicase. (booktopia.com.au)
The flavivirus nonstructural glycoprotein NS1 is an enigmatic protein whose structure and mechanistic function have remained somewhat elusive ever since it was first reported in 1970 as a viral antigen circulating in the sera of dengue-infected patients. (nih.gov)

The study released this week online in the Journal of Virology describes how a single virus protein--NS5--from the tick-borne Langat flavivirus counteracts the natural ability of interferon to combat the virus. (rxpgnews.com)

Thus, we evaluated the impact of heterotypic flavivirus immunity on ZIKV titers in biofluids of rhesus macaques. (harvard.edu)
Our study highlights the importance of the host factor BPIFB3 in regulating flavivirus replication and further confirms that the RETREG1-dependent reticulophagy pathway is antiviral to both DENV and ZIKV. (physiciansweekly.com)

Thus, ATCC ® VR-1852™ contains both MOPC21 protein and flavivirus group-specific antibody of the IgG2aκ isotype. (atcc.org)
The antibody is reported to be strongly reactive with many flaviviruses. (atcc.org)
Mouse monoclonal antibody prepared against the group antigen of flaviviruses was purified from clone D1-4G2-4-15 hybridoma supernatant by protein G affinity chromatography. (atcc.org)
Children older than 18 months may have preexisting flavivirus antibody. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The aim of this trial is to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a two-dose schedule of a tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine in flavivirus antibody naïve infants beginning at 12-15 months of age. (clinicaltrials.gov)
However, antibody cross-reactivity could be advantageous in efforts to control emerging flaviviruses because it ensures partial cross-protection. (mdpi.com)
Flavivirus-induced antibody cross-reactivity. (sparrho.com)
Attention has been directed at the identification and characterization of MAB with broad flavivirus group-reactive domain as determined by competitive binding assay with the expectation that such antibody combination will provide the best opportunity for antigen binding and therefore maximum assay sensitivity. (dtic.mil)

1989) Antigenic relationships among flaviviruses as determined by cross‐neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera. (els.net)
These tests suffer from poor specificity, mainly due to antigenic cross-reactivity among flavivirus members. (hindawi.com)
These properties of antigenic crossreactivity and virulence polymorphism suggested that successful immunization might be achieved by using a live, naturally attenuated tick-borne flavivirus. (pnas.org)
This will provide a more in deep knowledge of antigenic relationships between flaviviruses. (surrey.ac.uk)
Some of the antigenic changes have been proposed to have a bearing on the attenuation observed, however, it is believed that loss of HA ability has no function in the attenuation of flavivirus virulence. (surrey.ac.uk)

Two major phylogenetic lineages were revealed: one included the YFV and Entebbe bat virus groups, and the other included the DENV, SPOV and Culex-borne flavivirus groups. (nerc.ac.uk)

Recombinant subviral particles from tick-borne encephalitis virus are fusogenic and provide a model system for studying flavivirus envelope glycoprotein functions. (ebi.ac.uk)
The flavivirus envelope (E) glycoprotein ectodomain is composed of three domains (D) named DI, DII, and DIII, with EDIII containing virus-specific epitopes. (hindawi.com)
The flavivirus E glycoprotein, the primary antigen that induces protective immunity, is essential for membrane fusion and mediates binding to cellular receptors. (asm.org)
An understanding of flavivirus E-glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes is therefore critical for improving public health responses to these serious diseases. (asm.org)
We identified six E-glycoprotein residues that are incorporated into three distinct flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes. (asm.org)

Such identification of both, immunological determinants and patterns of immune response involved in flavivirus cross-protective immunity should be considered in future vaccine development. (frontiersin.org)

During the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the recognition and characterization of novel insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFVs). (ajtmh.org)

The cellular ribosome is crucial to the replication of the flavivirus, as it translates the RNA, in a similar fashion to cellular mRNA, resulting in the synthesis of a single polyprotein. (wikipedia.org)
Flaviviruses encode a single polyprotein. (ebi.ac.uk)
Such epitopes were analyzed regarding their conservation, population coverage, and location along flavivirus polyprotein. (frontiersin.org)

we also address the consequences of flavivirus circulation and vaccination for host immunity. (mdpi.com)

This review focuses on what is known about flavivirus-mosquito interactions and presents key data collected from the field and laboratory-based molecular and ultrastructural evaluations. (mdpi.com)
Vanlandingham, D.L. Flavivirus-Mosquito Interactions. (mdpi.com)
This review explores the transmission of mosquito-borne flaviviruses in urban areas of Vietnam. (ilri.org)
Six passages of the mosquito borne flavivirus, yellow fever (YF) wild-type strain Asibi in HeLa cells attenuates the virus for monkeys and newborn mice. (surrey.ac.uk)
Development of a Rapid Solid Phase Immunoassay for the Detection of Flavivirus Antigens in Human Blood and Mosquito Vectors. (dtic.mil)

Most flaviviruses are arboviruses that can be transmitted by ticks, Aedes or Culex mosquitoes, or by unknown vectors [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Flaviviruses are predominantly carried and transmitted by mosquitoes and often infect humans, causing widespread morbidity and mortality. (uniquest.com.au)
The goal of our work has been the development of a generic flavivirus detection system and emphasis has been placed on an enzyme-linked immunoassay ELISA for the detection of DEN-infected mosquitoes. (dtic.mil)

By highlighting regions with a high diversity of species that should be newly prioritised in the global surveillance of flaviviruses, they have enabled the creation of maps highlighting the hotspots where new flavivirus outbreaks are most likely to emerge. (thefreedictionary.com)
These include regions where flaviviruses have not been detected but that have wildlife species with the potential to harbor them. (news-medical.net)
For the study, researchers collected all the published data on wildlife species that have tested positive for flaviviruses. (news-medical.net)
However, in contrast to RNA polymerases of other Flavivirus species, purified KUN NS5 polymerase produced a single, full-length replicon RNA product, thus demonstrating efficient processivity. (nih.gov)
Here we test the ability of w AlbB to reduce or block the replication of a range of Flavivirus and Alphavirus species in cell culture. (springer.com)

Moreover, cross-reactive epitopes presented in this work may be involved in dynamics of diseases caused by flaviviruses worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, most flavivirus antibodies are directed against the highly immunogenic envelope protein, which contains both flavivirus cross-reactive and virus-specific epitopes. (mdpi.com)

Our portfolio includes a unique oanel of highly specific antibodies for flaviviruses, with no cross-reactivity to other members of the flavivirus family. (2bscientific.com)
In contrast, the detection of flavivirus specific IgG antibodies showed high cross-reactions in both IFA and EIAs (overall cross-reactivity 16-71 and 62-84%, respectively). (eur.nl)
To investigate flavivirus cross-reactivity, sera from a human cohort with a history of vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) were tested for antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test. (sparrho.com)
However, since the available broadly group-reactive MAB has been found to exhibit at least some degree of cross-competition, flavivirus type-specific detector MAB directed at sites distant from the group-reactive domain have been extensively used to evaluate the properties of potential flavivirus group-reactive capture antibodies. (dtic.mil)
Initial assays demonstrated the capacity of the YF-derived antibodies to capture prototype flaviviruses. (dtic.mil)

The translated download molecular virology and control of flaviviruses is not induce. (vortechonline.com)

Sawabe, Kyoko 2012-05-01 00:00:00 Culex flavivirus (CxFV) is an insect-specific flavivirus that has recently been detected in various Culex spp. (deepdyve.com)

The discovery may help scientists develop antiviral compounds and other strategies to target dengue and other diseases caused by flaviviruses, says Richard Kuhn, associate professor of biological sciences and lead author of the study. (eurekalert.org)
This innovative multiplex immunoassay is a powerful alternative to ELISAs and VNTs for veterinary diagnosis of flavivirus-related diseases. (hindawi.com)
The unusual model involves culturing organs taken from Ixodes scapularis ticks and then infecting those organ cultures with flaviviruses, according to researchers at Rocky Mountain Laboratories, part of NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). (nih.gov)
Flavivirus causes arthropod-borne severe diseases that sometimes lead to the death. (ncbs.res.in)

Flavivirus structure and membrane fusion. (nih.gov)

Kunjin virus (KUN) is an Australian flavivirus closely related to other members of the Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus subgroup ( 32 ). (asm.org)
The NS5 protein of the flavivirus Kunjin (KUN) contains conserved sequence motifs characteristic of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. (nih.gov)

Accurate diagnosis and differentiation of the infecting virus is important, especially in areas where many flaviviruses are circulating. (eur.nl)
This study clearly stated the complexity of flavivirus diagnosis, showing that one cannot rely on one assay or search for one virus only. (eur.nl)

NS1 was discovered in 1970 in the serum of a patient infected with dengue and it was later discovered that all flavivirus NS1 genes were highly homologous. (kenyon.edu)
All flavivirus NS1 genes share a high degree of homology, encoding a 352-amino-acid polypeptide that has a molecular weight of 46-55 kDa, depending on its glycosylation status. (nih.gov)

Even though LGT has low-level neurovirulence for humans, it, and its more attenuated egg-passage derivative, strain E5, exhibit significant neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness in normal mice, albeit less than that associated with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), the most virulent of the tick-borne flaviviruses. (pnas.org)
the less-familiar tick-borne flaviviruses are just as serious, causing tick-borne encephalitis or hemorrhagic fevers. (rxpgnews.com)
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a zoonotic flavivirus that occurs on the Eurasian continent and causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in humans, is considered medically the most important arthropod vector transmitted virus in Europe. (biomedcentral.com)

NS5 protein of flaviviruses contains motifs for methyltransferase (MT) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) ( 25 , 26 , 34 ), and NS3 protein contains motifs for serine protease, nucleoside triphosphatase, and helicase ( 16 , 17 , 43 ). (asm.org)

This review highlights the fact that the ER multiprotein complexes are crucial for the formation of flavivirus replication and assembly complexes, and the ER complexes could be considered as a target for developing successful broad-spectrum anti-flavivirus drugs. (mdpi.com)

Many areas of the world present both, vector fauna and geographical conditions compatible with co-circulation, importing, emergence, and epidemics of flaviviruses of different serocomplexes. (frontiersin.org)
Members of this family that infect humans frequently cause severe morbidity and mortality, and epidemics of flaviviruses continue to be a major public health concern worldwide. (asm.org)

The virus is closely related to Chinese DTMUVs and belongs to the Ntaya group of mosquitoborne flaviviruses. (cdc.gov)
Powassan virus and the closely related deer tick virus are the only flaviviruses known to be spread by ticks in North America. (nih.gov)

Nonstructural protein 2B and 3 of the flaviviruses (NS2BNS3) form an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-associated hetero-dimeric complex through the NS2B transmembrane region. (springer.com)
Flavivirus NS1 is a nonstructural protein involved in virus replication and regulation of the innate immune response. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Due to the temporal and geographical co-circulation of flaviviruses in Europe, flavivirus differentiation by diagnostic tests is crucial in the adaptation of surveillance and control efforts. (mdpi.com)

These results are discussed in the context of our model on formation and composition of the flavivirus replication complex, and we suggest molecular mechanisms by which functions of some defective components of the replication complex can be complemented by their wild-type counterparts expressed from another (helper) RNA molecule. (asm.org)

Memory T Cells in Flavivirus Vaccination. (sparrho.com)

In addition to E protein, flavivirus particles contains also another envelope protein (M) and the capsid protein (C) ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

Thus, T cell signaling to microglia drives post-infectious cognitive sequelae that are associated with emerging neurotropic flaviviruses. (nature.com)
Therefore, it is suggested that the attenuation of flaviviruses following passage in HeLa cells provides a model system to examine the molecular basis of attenuation of non-neurotropic flaviviruses. (surrey.ac.uk)

A general linear model was used to test for significant differences in replication between flaviviruses and alphaviruses. (springer.com)

In the search for a viable vaccine, over three decades of research has been focused on the structure and pathology of Flaviviruses. (kenyon.edu)

Langat virus (LGT) strain TP21 is the most attenuated of the tick-borne flaviviruses for humans. (pnas.org)
RML's Sonja Best, Ph.D., who spearheaded the Langat virus work, says the group will continue to study tick-borne flaviviruses by examining the role and location of NS5 in Powassan virus. (rxpgnews.com)

While dual-host flaviviruses can infect vertebrates as well as arthropods, insect-specific flaviviruses are restricted to their competent arthropods. (wikipedia.org)

Flavivirus encephalitis include a number of entities which characteristically involve the basal ganglia and thalami . (radiopaedia.org)
2. Turtle L, Griffiths MJ, Solomon T. Encephalitis caused by flaviviruses. (radiopaedia.org)
3. Solomon T. Flavivirus encephalitis. (radiopaedia.org)
JE virus, a mosquitoborne flavivirus, is the most common vaccine-preventable cause of encephalitis in Asia. (cdc.gov)

Tyrosine residue at 51th and 78th of piM are highly conserved during flaviviruses. (nii.ac.jp)

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Noncytopathic flavivirus replicon RNA-based system for expression and delivery of heterologous genes. (1/427)

Mutation patterns for two flaviviruses: hepatitis C virus and GB virus C/hepatitis G virus. (2/427)

Degradation of Japanese encephalitis virus by neutrophils. (3/427)

Mutagenesis of the NS2B-NS3-mediated cleavage site in the flavivirus capsid protein demonstrates a requirement for coordinated processing. (4/427)

Transient expression of cellular polypyrimidine-tract binding protein stimulates cap-independent translation directed by both picornaviral and flaviviral internal ribosome entry sites In vivo. (5/427)

Phylogeny of the genus flavivirus using complete coding sequences of arthropod-borne viruses and viruses with no known vector. (6/427)

cis- and trans-acting elements in flavivirus RNA replication. (7/427)

A novel model for the study of the therapy of flavivirus infections using the Modoc virus. (8/427)

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Noncytopathic flavivirus replicon RNA-based system for expression and delivery of heterologous genes. (1/427)

Mutation patterns for two flaviviruses: hepatitis C virus and GB virus C/hepatitis G virus. (2/427)

Degradation of Japanese encephalitis virus by neutrophils. (3/427)

Mutagenesis of the NS2B-NS3-mediated cleavage site in the flavivirus capsid protein demonstrates a requirement for coordinated processing. (4/427)

Transient expression of cellular polypyrimidine-tract binding protein stimulates cap-independent translation directed by both picornaviral and flaviviral internal ribosome entry sites In vivo. (5/427)

Phylogeny of the genus flavivirus using complete coding sequences of arthropod-borne viruses and viruses with no known vector. (6/427)

cis- and trans-acting elements in flavivirus RNA replication. (7/427)

A novel model for the study of the therapy of flavivirus infections using the Modoc virus. (8/427)

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