Flame Ionization
Chromatography, Gas
Flame Retardants
Oils, Volatile
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Alkanes
Calibration
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
Polybrominated Biphenyls
Reproducibility of Results
Hydrocarbons, Brominated
Air Ionization
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
Effect of anabolic implants on beef intramuscular lipid content. (1/87)
Sixty ribeye steaks were used to determine the effects of anabolic implants on i.m. lipid composition of beef steers. Steaks were obtained from carcasses (346 kg) of steers assigned to four treatment groups (C = nonimplanted control; ET = 28 mg of estradiol benzoate plus 200 mg of trenbolone acetate on d 0; ET/ET = ET on d 0 and d 61; and S/ET = 20 mg of estradiol benzoate plus 200 mg of progesterone on d 0 and ET on d 61) and fed a high-concentrate diet for 127 d. Total fatty acid content of the longissimus was less (P < .05) for implanted steers. Implanting increased (P < .05) stearic and linolenic acid percentages and reduced (P < .05) oleic acid percentage but did not alter (P > .05) percentages of other fatty acids. These changes translated into increased (P < .05) percentages of saturated fatty acids and reduced (P < .05) monounsaturated fatty acids in the longissimus of implanted steers. However, on a per-steak weight basis, implanting did not alter (P > .05) the amounts of any of the individual fatty acids, but it increased (P < .05) the total cholesterol amount. Implanting with an estrogenic compound first reduced (P < .05) the percentage and total amounts of linoleic and polyunsaturated fatty acids. On a percentage basis, implanting alters fatty acid amounts; however, when the increase in ribeye size with implanting is accounted for and fatty acids are evaluated on a per-steak basis, these differences are not significant. (+info)SPEC disc solid-phase extraction for rapid broad-spectrum drug screening in urine. (2/87)
Broad-spectrum drug screening requires that all relevant substances be isolated, detected, and identified, regardless of their structure and/or polarity. To this end, systematic solid-phase extraction (SPE) approaches for drug isolation from biological fluids are required. Because speed and cost effectiveness are key issues in analytical toxicology, we have evaluated a disc-format extraction device for this purpose and compared the latter with an existing packed-bed column-format method. The discs were SPEC.PLUS.C18AR/MP3 cartridges with 10-mL solvent reservoirs, providing hydrophobic and cation exchange interactions. Blank human urine was spiked at 2 microg/mL with a selection of acidic, neutral, and basic drugs representing a variety of relevant drug classes. Urine specimens (2 mL) were diluted with 2 mL 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) and then applied to the preconditioned disc. Washing was done with 1 mL water. Acidic and neutral drugs were eluted with 1 mL ethyl acetate/acetone (1:1), and basic drugs were eluted with 1 mL ammoniated ethyl acetate. The eluates were collected separately, evaporated down to about 0.1 mL, and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection to check cleanliness, recoveries, and reproducibilities. The discs showed good extraction properties for all drugs and were easy to handle. Recoveries were 75-100% with coefficients of variation of around 5%. The resulting eluates showed only a few matrix interferences. As compared to our standard SPE method with packed-bed columns, the disc procedure allowed reductions in elution volumes and total processing time of approximately 60-65%. (+info)The influence of olfactory concept on the probability of detecting sub- and peri-threshold components in a mixture of odorants. (3/87)
The headspace of apple juice was analysed to obtain an ecologically relevant stimulus model mixture of apple volatiles. Two sets of volatiles were made up: a set of eight supra-threshold volatiles (MIX) and a set of three sub-threshold volatiles. These sets were used to test the hypothesis that sub-threshold components can change the quality of a familiar smelling mixture of odorants when added to this mixture. In order to test this hypothesis, three successive dilutions of the sub-threshold volatiles were prepared in such a way that the strongest was at the threshold concentration and the two lower concentrations were below the threshold. The detection probabilities of the sub-threshold components in a blank stimulus were compared with the detectabilities in MIX. The sub- and peri-threshold volatiles were detected no better in MIX than in a blank. On the contrary, sub- and peri-threshold volatiles were better detected alone than when added to MIX. However, when the group of subjects was split into two sub-groups, employing either a rough or a detailed concept definition of the target stimulus, respectively, the subjects with highly refined concepts were better able to detect the presence of sub-threshold volatiles in MIX than those with poorly refined stimulus concepts. The effect of stimulus concept definition occurred independently of the proportions of correct detections of sub-threshold volatiles in a blank. (+info)Acute nitrobenzene poisoning with severe associated methemoglobinemia: identification in whole blood by GC-FID and GC-MS. (4/87)
A rare fatal case of self-poisoning with nitrobenzene following oral ingestion is reported. On presentation to the hospital, severe methemoglobinemia (70%) was observed in an 82-year-old male who had ingested 250 mL of an unknown substance in the previous 24 h. Methylene blue and exchange transfusion were the therapeutic methods applied in the treatment of the methemoglobinemia. Forty-eight hours after ingestion, a blood sample was collected in ICU and sent to our laboratory. We detected that the blood contained 3.2 microg/mL of nitrobenzene. The determination of nitrobenzene was performed using the combination of GC-FID for screening analysis and quantitation and GC-MS for confirmation of the obtained results. (+info)An improved method for the capillary gas chromatographic derivatization of polyhydroxylated steroids having tert-hydroxyl groups. (5/87)
An improved method for a suitable derivatization of polyhydroxylated steroids having one or two tert-hydroxyl groups at the 5beta-, 14alpha-, 17alpha-, 24-, and/or 25-positions by capillary gas chromatography (CGC) is described. By using trimethylsilyl triflate as a silylating reagent and 2,6-lutidine as a catalyst, each of 5beta-cholane and 5alpha-cholestane series of steroids was successfully transformed into trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives to give a single CGC peak under mild conditions. More bulky triethylsilyl (TES) etherification of 14alpha- and 17alpha-hydroxy compounds provided multiple CGC peaks arising from completely- and/or incompletely-derivatized TES ethers accompanied by their thermal elimination products. (+info)A preconcentrator coupled to a GC/FTMS: advantages of self-chemical ionization, mass measurement accuracy, and high mass resolving power for GC applications. (6/87)
Coupling of a cryogenic preconcentrator (PC) to a gas chromatograph/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (GC/FT-ICR MS) is reported. To demonstrate the analytical capabilities of the PC/GC/FT-ICR MS, headspace samples containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from detached pine tree twigs were analyzed. Sub-ppm mass measurement accuracy (MMA) for highly resolved (m/Deltam(50%) > 150 k) terpene ions was achieved. Direct PC/GC/FT-ICR MS analyses revealed that detached twigs from pine trees emit acetone, camphor, and four detectable hydrocarbon isomers with C(10)H(16) empirical formula. The unknown analytes were identified based on accurate mass measurement and their mass spectral appearances. Authentic samples were used to confirm initially unknown identifications. Self-chemical-ionization (SCI) reactions furnished an additional dimension for rapid isomer differentiation of GC eluents in real time. (+info)Determination of urinary metabolites of alkyl cellosolves by solid phase extraction and GC/FID. (7/87)
Alkyl cellosolves include ethylene glycol monomethylether, ethylene glycol monoethylether, ethylene glycol monobuthylether. And their urine metabolites are methoxyacetic acid, ethoxyacetic acid and butoxyacetic acid. The current analytical method for urinary alkoxyacetic acid is liquid-liquid phase extraction. But the liquid-liquid phase extraction method needs a more complex pre-treatment process and has a low recovery rate. We determined the appropriate extraction solvent and its flow rate. We also evaluated the non-absorptive rate and recovery rate according to particle size. Finally we developed a convenient solid phase extraction method for the analysis of urine cellosolve metabolites. As a result, the recovery rates for methoxyacetic acid, ethoxyacetic acid and butoxyacetic acid were 100.4 +/- 1.6%, 100.2 +/- 1.8% and 100.7 +/- 10.0% respectively, when acetone was used as the extraction solution. The most appropriate flow rate was 0.1 ml/min. At a particle size of 140-200 mesh, non-absorption percentages for methoxyacetic acid, ethoxyacetic acid, butoxyacetic acid were 3.2 +/- 0.3%, 1.0 +/- 0.1% and 1.1 +/- 0.1%, and the recovery rates according to particle size were similar. Further evaluation of the recovery rate and non-absorptive rate according to the mini column shape, stationary phase and recovery rate with various extracting solutions is required. (+info)Attempted suicide by ingestion of chlorpyrifos: identification in serum and gastric content by GC-FID/GC-MS. (8/87)
A mild case of self-poisoning with a chlorpyrifos formulation following oral ingestion is reported. A 15-year-old female went to the emergency room after the ingestion of a product from a bottle marked with a label "Poison". On admission, she was obtunded, with normal vital signs and a strong smell of solvent. Therapeutic measures included the application of decontamination procedures, oxygen, and gastric protectors. She had a good outcome with mild CNS depression and bradycardia. Two hours after ingestion, biological samples were collected in the emergency room and sent for analysis to our laboratory with instructions to investigate the presence of solvents. The serum and gastric content contained 5.3 and 9.4 microg/mL of unmetabolized chlorpyrifos, 4.6 and 6.9 microg/mL of toluene, and 2.5 and 7.9 microg/mL of butyl acetate, respectively. Small traces of other solvents and tetradifon were also detected. Toxicological analyses were negative for ethanol, other volatile solvents, and common drugs of abuse. The simultaneous determination of chlorpyrifos, toluene, and butyl acetate was performed using the combination of gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detection for screening analysis and GC-mass spectrometry for confirmation of the obtained results. The method provides an excellent and rapid tool for use in cases of pesticide poisonings, allowing the simultaneous detection of the pesticide and distillates in the performance of systematic toxicological analysis in forensic and clinical laboratories. (+info)Flame Ionization is not a medical term, but rather a scientific technique used in analytical chemistry to detect and measure the presence of certain organic compounds. It is based on the principle that when an organic compound is introduced into a flame, it breaks down into ions and electrons, creating an electrical current that can be measured. This technique is often used in gas chromatography to identify and quantify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in biological samples such as breath, blood, or urine. However, it is not typically used as a diagnostic tool in medicine.
Chromatography, gas (GC) is a type of chromatographic technique used to separate, identify, and analyze volatile compounds or vapors. In this method, the sample mixture is vaporized and carried through a column packed with a stationary phase by an inert gas (carrier gas). The components of the mixture get separated based on their partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases due to differences in their adsorption/desorption rates or solubility.
The separated components elute at different times, depending on their interaction with the stationary phase, which can be detected and quantified by various detection systems like flame ionization detector (FID), thermal conductivity detector (TCD), electron capture detector (ECD), or mass spectrometer (MS). Gas chromatography is widely used in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, environmental science, forensics, and food analysis.
Flame retardants are chemical compounds that are added to materials, such as textiles, plastics, and foam furnishings, to reduce their flammability and prevent or slow down the spread of fire. They work by releasing non-flammable gases when exposed to heat, which helps to suppress the flames and prevent ignition. Flame retardants can be applied during the manufacturing process or added as a coating or treatment to existing materials. While flame retardants have been shown to save lives and property by preventing fires or reducing their severity, some types of flame retardants have been linked to health concerns, including endocrine disruption, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and cancer. Therefore, it is important to use flame retardants that are safe for human health and the environment.
Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, are a type of organic compound that are naturally produced in plants. They are called "volatile" because they evaporate quickly at room temperature due to their high vapor pressure. These oils are composed of complex mixtures of various compounds, including terpenes, terpenoids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and alcohols. They are responsible for the characteristic aroma and flavor of many plants and are often used in perfumes, flavors, and aromatherapy. In a medical context, volatile oils may have therapeutic properties and be used in certain medications or treatments, but it's important to note that they can also cause adverse reactions if not used properly.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique that combines the separating power of gas chromatography with the identification capabilities of mass spectrometry. This method is used to separate, identify, and quantify different components in complex mixtures.
In GC-MS, the mixture is first vaporized and carried through a long, narrow column by an inert gas (carrier gas). The various components in the mixture interact differently with the stationary phase inside the column, leading to their separation based on their partition coefficients between the mobile and stationary phases. As each component elutes from the column, it is then introduced into the mass spectrometer for analysis.
The mass spectrometer ionizes the sample, breaks it down into smaller fragments, and measures the mass-to-charge ratio of these fragments. This information is used to generate a mass spectrum, which serves as a unique "fingerprint" for each compound. By comparing the generated mass spectra with reference libraries or known standards, analysts can identify and quantify the components present in the original mixture.
GC-MS has wide applications in various fields such as forensics, environmental analysis, drug testing, and research laboratories due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and ability to analyze volatile and semi-volatile compounds.
Alkanes are a group of saturated hydrocarbons, which are characterized by the presence of single bonds between carbon atoms in their molecular structure. The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
The simplest and shortest alkane is methane (CH4), which contains one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. As the number of carbon atoms increases, the length and complexity of the alkane chain also increase. For example, ethane (C2H6) contains two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms, while propane (C3H8) contains three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms.
Alkanes are important components of fossil fuels such as natural gas, crude oil, and coal. They are also used as starting materials in the production of various chemicals and materials, including plastics, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals. In the medical field, alkanes may be used as anesthetics or as solvents for various medical applications.
In the context of medicine and medical devices, calibration refers to the process of checking, adjusting, or confirming the accuracy of a measurement instrument or system. This is typically done by comparing the measurements taken by the device being calibrated to those taken by a reference standard of known accuracy. The goal of calibration is to ensure that the medical device is providing accurate and reliable measurements, which is critical for making proper diagnoses and delivering effective treatment. Regular calibration is an important part of quality assurance and helps to maintain the overall performance and safety of medical devices.
Mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-MS) is an analytical technique used to identify and quantify chemical species in a sample based on the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles. In ESI-MS, analytes are ionized through the use of an electrospray, where a liquid sample is introduced through a metal capillary needle at high voltage, creating an aerosol of charged droplets. As the solvent evaporates, the analyte molecules become charged and can be directed into a mass spectrometer for analysis.
ESI-MS is particularly useful for the analysis of large biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids, due to its ability to gently ionize these species without fragmentation. The technique provides information about the molecular weight and charge state of the analytes, which can be used to infer their identity and structure. Additionally, ESI-MS can be interfaced with separation techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC) for further purification and characterization of complex samples.
Halogenated diphenyl ethers are a group of chemical compounds that consist of two phenyl rings (aromatic hydrocarbon rings) linked by an ether group, with one or more halogens attached to the rings. The halogens can include chlorine, bromine, fluorine, or iodine atoms.
One of the most well-known halogenated diphenyl ethers is polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), which was widely used in electrical equipment and industrial applications until it was banned due to its toxicity and environmental persistence. PCBs are known to have various adverse health effects, including cancer, reproductive disorders, and endocrine disruption.
Other halogenated diphenyl ethers, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), have also been used as flame retardants in consumer products, but their use has been restricted or phased out due to health and environmental concerns. Exposure to these compounds can occur through contaminated food, air, dust, and water, and may lead to similar health effects as PCB exposure.
Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) are a group of chemically related compounds that were widely used as flame retardants in various consumer products, such as electronics, appliances, and textiles. Structurally, they consist of two benzene rings with bromine atoms attached to them in different positions. PBBs have been banned or restricted in many countries due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential adverse health effects.
Here is a medical definition for Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs):
A class of brominated aromatic compounds that were historically used as flame retardants in various industrial and consumer applications. Due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity concerns, their production and use have been significantly restricted or banned in many countries. Exposure to PBBs can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact and may lead to a variety of health issues, including endocrine disruption, reproductive and developmental effects, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and immune system alterations. Long-term exposure to high levels of PBBs can result in skin irritation, liver damage, and thyroid hormone disruption.
Reproducibility of results in a medical context refers to the ability to obtain consistent and comparable findings when a particular experiment or study is repeated, either by the same researcher or by different researchers, following the same experimental protocol. It is an essential principle in scientific research that helps to ensure the validity and reliability of research findings.
In medical research, reproducibility of results is crucial for establishing the effectiveness and safety of new treatments, interventions, or diagnostic tools. It involves conducting well-designed studies with adequate sample sizes, appropriate statistical analyses, and transparent reporting of methods and findings to allow other researchers to replicate the study and confirm or refute the results.
The lack of reproducibility in medical research has become a significant concern in recent years, as several high-profile studies have failed to produce consistent findings when replicated by other researchers. This has led to increased scrutiny of research practices and a call for greater transparency, rigor, and standardization in the conduct and reporting of medical research.
Brominated hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and bromine (Br) atoms. These chemicals are formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule with bromine atoms. Depending on the number and arrangement of bromine atoms, these compounds can have different properties and uses.
Some brominated hydrocarbons occur naturally, while others are synthesized for various applications. They can be found in consumer products like flame retardants, fumigants, refrigerants, and solvents. However, some brominated hydrocarbons have been linked to health and environmental concerns, leading to regulations on their production and use.
Examples of brominated hydrocarbons include:
1. Methyl bromide (CH3Br): A colorless gas used as a pesticide and fumigant. It is also a naturally occurring compound in the atmosphere, contributing to ozone depletion.
2. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): A group of chemicals used as flame retardants in various consumer products, such as electronics, furniture, and textiles. They have been linked to neurodevelopmental issues, endocrine disruption, and cancer.
3. Bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2): These compounds are used in chemical synthesis, as solvents, and in water treatment. They can also be found in some natural sources like seaweed or marine organisms.
4. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD): A flame retardant used in expanded polystyrene foam for building insulation and in high-impact polystyrene products. HBCD has been linked to reproductive and developmental toxicity, as well as endocrine disruption.
It is essential to handle brominated hydrocarbons with care due to their potential health and environmental risks. Proper storage, use, and disposal of these chemicals are crucial to minimize exposure and reduce negative impacts.
Air ionization is the process by which air molecules are electrically charged, either positively or negatively, through the removal or addition of electrons. This can occur naturally, such as through the action of sunlight, wind, and water, or it can be induced artificially through the use of electrical devices known as ionizers or air ionization generators.
In medical terms, air ionization is sometimes used as a therapeutic intervention, particularly in the treatment of respiratory conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and allergies. The negative ions produced by air ionizers are believed to help neutralize airborne pollutants such as dust, mold, bacteria, and viruses, making it easier for individuals with respiratory issues to breathe more easily.
However, it's worth noting that the scientific evidence supporting the use of air ionization as a medical treatment is still limited, and more research is needed to fully understand its potential benefits and risks. Additionally, some studies have suggested that certain types of air ionizers may produce harmful byproducts such as ozone, which can irritate the lungs and exacerbate respiratory symptoms. As with any medical intervention, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider before using air ionization as a treatment option.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a type of mass spectrometry that is used to analyze large biomolecules such as proteins and peptides. In this technique, the sample is mixed with a matrix compound, which absorbs laser energy and helps to vaporize and ionize the analyte molecules.
The matrix-analyte mixture is then placed on a target plate and hit with a laser beam, causing the matrix and analyte molecules to desorb from the plate and become ionized. The ions are then accelerated through an electric field and into a mass analyzer, which separates them based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
The separated ions are then detected and recorded as a mass spectrum, which can be used to identify and quantify the analyte molecules present in the sample. MALDI-MS is particularly useful for the analysis of complex biological samples, such as tissue extracts or biological fluids, because it allows for the detection and identification of individual components within those mixtures.
Flame ionization detector
Chemi-ionization
Methanizer
Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization
Polyarc reactor
History of chromatography
Air pollution measurement
Timeline of Australian inventions
Superheated water
Gas chromatography
Hildegard Stücklen
Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization
Phospholipid-derived fatty acids
Volatile organic compound
Landfill gas monitoring
Morris Sugden
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Kopi luwak
Crystal (character)
Polymeric surface
Gas detector
Dissolved gas analysis
Saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene
Smoke detector
Nitrogen-phosphorus detector
Headspace gas chromatography for dissolved gas measurement
Inverse gas chromatography
Organic residue analysis
Portable emissions measurement system
This Island Earth
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Compact detector - All industrial manufacturers
gc-fid - GenTech ScientificDetector16
- A flame ionization detector (FID) is a scientific instrument that measures analytes in a gas stream. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1959, Perkin Elmer Corp. included a flame ionization detector in its Vapor Fractometer. (wikipedia.org)
- The design of the flame ionization detector varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, but the principles are the same. (wikipedia.org)
- The ions (F) are repelled up toward the collector plates (G) which are connected to a very sensitive ammeter, which detects the ions hitting the plates, then feeds that signal to an amplifier, integrator, and display system(H). The products of the flame are finally vented out of the detector through the exhaust port (J). Flame ionization detectors are used very widely in gas chromatography because of a number of advantages. (wikipedia.org)
- A portable gas chromatograph, using a single flame ionization detector, was constructed. (trb.org)
- For the range of translation and angular accelerations that might be expected on a platform at sea, it was found that medium resolution gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector can be conducted, but in the trace analysis region, trace distortion can be expected. (trb.org)
- Flame Ionization Detection, or FID (pronouncing each letter), is a cheap and standard detector which has a long history of use in the automotive industry for measuring the total hydrocarbon concentration, as well as various other molecular species, in a given engine emissions sample. (extractionmagazine.com)
- A nebulized flame ionization detector interfaced with LC was examined and found to be more versatile in applications than common LC detectors, such as UV, RID, ELSD and CAD. (lboro.ac.uk)
- The most common currently used method of analyzing for the presence of sulfur mustard and its metabolites in biological and environmental samples is gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Prior to 1987, however, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with a colorimetric detection system and gas chromatography with either flame ionization detector (FID), electron capture detector (ECD), or flame photometric detector (FPD) were the most frequently used methods. (cdc.gov)
- The instrument should be one that is designed for use with glass columns and that is equipped with an on-column injection system and a high-sensitivity flame-ionization detector. (who.int)
- The LC/APCI-MS identification of canola oil triacylglycerols allowed their quantitation by reversed-phase HPLC coupled with a commercial flame ionization detector (FID). (usda.gov)
- In addition to our suite of aqueous analytical instruments we also have two Gas Chromatographs - Flame Ionisation Detector with micro Electro Chemical Detector (GC-FID/uECD), which analyses nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane and GC-FID for hydrocarbon analysis. (qmul.ac.uk)
- This hardwired smoke detector uses an ionization smoke sensor to reliably detect smoke from hot, fast-flaming fires. (firstalert.com)
- The Apollo Discovery ionisation smoke detector is made from a self extinguishing white polycarbonate case and is quick at detecting fast flaming fires. (safelincs.co.uk)
- The Apollo Discovery ionisation smoke detector has been approved by LPCB and VdS, and can be used as part of an XFP or Kentec addressable fire alarm panel system. (safelincs.co.uk)
- Each GC detector comes with electronic pressure controlled (EPC) support gases for the flame ionisation device (FID). (offshore-technology.com)
Detection10
- The operation of the FID is based on the detection of ions formed during combustion of organic compounds in a hydrogen flame. (wikipedia.org)
- Conifer seed oils from European Larch (Larix decidua), Norway Spruce (Picea abies) and European Silver Fir (Abies alba) have been analyzed by non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NARP-HPLC) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI)-MS detection. (unboundmedicine.com)
- This animation deals specifically with flame ionization detection in GC. (asdlib.org)
- An analytical method called gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) separates and analyzes mixtures made up of volatile components. (apurun.com)
- ISO 25140:2010 specifies the principle, the essential performance criteria, and quality assurance and quality control procedures for an automatic method for measuring methane in the waste gas of stationary sources using flame ionisation detection. (iso.org)
- Samples are analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. (epa.gov)
- We use a new method of introduction, called Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization, to spray the triglycerides into the mass spectrometer for detection. (usda.gov)
- Canola oil triacylglycerols from genetically modified canola lines were conclusively identified by reversed-phase HPLC coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric (APCI-MS) detection. (usda.gov)
- Oligosaccharide fingerprinting employing capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. (chipsbooks.com)
- Gas chromatography - flame ionization detection, along with diode-array (DAD) and charged aerosol detection (CAD) with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and ultrahigh performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC), have been used to quantify lignin monomers and dimers. (lu.se)
Fires5
- The ionization sensor is ideal for detecting fast flaming and other types of fires. (1000bulbs.com)
- While one type is better at detecting flaming fires, the other is better at detecting smoldering fires. (allstate.com)
- The sensor is optimized to detect flaming fires, such as those caused by paper, kitchen grease, and other fast-combusting materials. (firstalert.com)
- Photoelectric smoke alarms may respond slightly faster to smoldering fires, while ionization alarms respond slightly faster to flaming fires. (deland.org)
- Photoelectric alarms are best at detecting smoky, slow-building fires, and ionization alarms are best at detecting fast, flaming fires. (newschannel5.com)
Detectors3
- The first flame ionization detectors were developed simultaneously and independently in 1957 by McWilliam and Dewar at Imperial Chemical Industries of Australia and New Zealand (ICIANZ, see Orica history) Central Research Laboratory, Ascot Vale, Melbourne, Australia. (wikipedia.org)
- Cost: Flame ionization detectors are relatively inexpensive to acquire and operate. (wikipedia.org)
- The performance of three MIRAN SapphIRe Portable Infrared Ambient Air Analyzers and three Century Portable Toxic Vapor Analyzers equipped with photoionization (PID) and flame ionization (FID) detectors was compared with charcoal tube sampling. (cdc.gov)
Electron1
- Electron impact ionization (EI) is used. (cdc.gov)
Sensor4
- If a fire smolders with no flame, then a photoelectric sensor will detect it first," Roux says. (allstate.com)
- If it is a hot, flaming fire, then an ionization sensor will likely sound first. (allstate.com)
- If you don't have dual-sensor alarms, the NFPA recommends installing both ionization and photoelectric alarms in your home. (allstate.com)
- The First Alert Hardwired Smoke Alarm with Battery Backup comes equipped with an ionization sensor to help provide the earliest possible warning of a fast-flaming fire. (firstalert.com)
Combustion1
- Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are included in a larger group of chemicals known as brominated flame retardants and they are added to products such as foam padding, textiles, or plastics to retard combustion. (cdc.gov)
Hydrocarbons1
- As the sample gas is fed across the flame, any hydrocarbons that are present combust. (extractionmagazine.com)
Alarms1
- In addition to functioning independently, this hardwired ionization smoke alarm can also integrate with up to 12 other First Alert or BRK hardwired alarms for coverage of larger spaces. (firstalert.com)
Hydrogen1
- What the FID does in practice is continuously keep alight a flame of pure hydrogen gas in a chamber filled with air. (extractionmagazine.com)
Battery Backup2
- Designed to help promote household safety, the First Alert Hardwired Ionization Smoke Alarm with Battery Backup can provide early warning of fire. (firstalert.com)
- This Ionization Smoke Alarm is designed for hardwired installation, but it also features a battery backup that helps ensure continued protection in the event of a power outage. (firstalert.com)
10001
- E ≈ 1 MV/m, dE/dr ≈ 10^8 V/m^2, and f ≈ 1000 Hz) can have a dramatic influence on hydrocarbon flames, enabling their manipulation and even extinction. (aiche.org)
Organic1
- Correct implementation of LEL Monitoring Systems, through our Infrared or Flame Ionization monitors, not only allows full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, but also guarantees respect for the environment, with a significant reduction in Volatile Organic Compounds emissions in atmosphere, and more interesting, offers a significant opportunity for thermal energy saving and lower investments in air treatment systems. (nirainstruments.com)
Ions1
- This positive bias helps to repel the oxidized carbon ions created by the flame (E) pyrolyzing the eluent. (wikipedia.org)
Atomic1
- Flame emission and atomic absorption spectrometry (FES and AAS). (chipsbooks.com)
Products3
- PBDEs are not chemically bound to the flame-retarded material, so they can enter the environment from volatilization, leaching, or degradation of PBDE-containing products. (cdc.gov)
- Hence humans may be exposed though the diet, including breast feeding, and by contact with flame retarded products and contaminated house dust. (cdc.gov)
- Consequently, flames can be considered not only as the hot, gaseous products of an exothermic oxidation process but also as weakly ionized, nonequilibrium plasmas. (aiche.org)
Chemical1
- GC/MS analysis allows separation of compounds based on their retention time within a chromatography column and identification of each compound by the characteristic fragments into which a given chemical is broken following ionization of the compound. (medscape.com)
Trace1
- SRI Instruments supplies gas generators for carrier gas or flame gas in FID and chromatography use, and purifiers for trace gas analyser systems. (offshore-technology.com)
Types1
- Furthermore, modern technologies such as high frequency, high voltage power supplies have just recently enabled the exploration of new types of flame-field interactions. (aiche.org)
Chromatography-flame ionization detection2
- Present characterization of ganglioside standards quantifies only the fatty acid content by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) analysis of the ganglioside mixture and does not parse out the percentages of the individual mono-sialo ganglioside components. (omicsonline.org)
- Volatiles were assayed by gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection. (nih.gov)
Chromatograph1
- On the same day, blood samples were obtained and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatograph-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) to quantify omega-3 fatty acids levels at baseline. (nih.gov)
Carbon atoms2
- The current measured corresponds roughly to the proportion of reduced carbon atoms in the flame. (wikipedia.org)
- Now as the number of ions produced in the flame is near about proportional to the number of carbon atoms, the current produced is also proportional to the carbon atoms in the sample. (myclassbook.org)
Fires3
- Ionisation alarms are sensitive to fast-flaming fires and are suitable for hallways or areas with combustible materials. (the-sia.org.uk)
- Ionisation smoke alarms are sensitive to small particles of smoke produced by fast-flaming fires, such as paper or wood fires. (the-sia.org.uk)
- Photoelectric smoke alarms may respond slightly faster to smoldering fires, while ionization alarms respond slightly faster to flaming fires. (deland.org)
Electrode3
- The positive electrode acts as the nozzle head where the flame is produced. (wikipedia.org)
- The other, negative electrode is positioned above the flame. (wikipedia.org)
- A potential of few hundreds volts is applied across a burner tip and collector electrode located above the flame. (myclassbook.org)
Chamber2
- When smoke enters the chamber, it disrupts the ionisation process and triggers the alarm. (the-sia.org.uk)
- Each exposure chamber was analyzed for isopropanol twice each hour by flame ionization gas chromatography. (europa.eu)
Analysis2
- Breath analysis by two-dimensional gas chromatography with dual flame ionisation and mass spectrometric detection - Method optimisation and integration within a large-scale clinical study. (le.ac.uk)
- This study describes the development of a method for the analysis of breath, based on automated thermal desorption (TD) combined with flow modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) with dual flame ionisation and quadrupole mass spectrometric detection (FID and qMS). (le.ac.uk)
Determination1
- Determination of hepatic tissue calcium levels by flame emission spectrophotometry. (nih.gov)
Analytical2
- Tim Ballard (TB) of En-Cas Analytical Laboratories was paid on a fee for service basis to conduct the laboratory work, and does not have a competing interest. (medscape.com)
- An investigation is presented of the use of flame emission spectrophotometry as an alternative analytical method to atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the assessment of hepatic calcium levels following hepatotoxicant challenge, using a proven method of tissue digestion. (nih.gov)
Chemical2
- Flame Extinguishment With Homogeneous Solutions of a Chemical Agent Dissolved in Liquid Carbon Dioxide. (nist.gov)
- any chemical species with an ionization potential at or below this energy will be detected. (caslab.com)
Temperature1
- Our ITAS Ductflame , ITAS Dryflame , North American Zephyr TM and North American Magna-Flame TM burners are low-emissions, high-efficiency installations with a range of low-temperature applications. (fivesgroup.com)
Mass1
- 15. Gas chromatography/flame ionisation detection mass spectrometry for the detection of endogenous urine metabolites for metabonomic studies and its use as a complementary tool to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (nih.gov)
Dual1
- Other features of the dual channel hydrocarbon analyzer include: software, automatic ranging, automatic fuel and sample shut off system, automatic flame-out indicator, adjustable alarm and oven setting, purge system, purge system, two stage sample filter with exchangeable elements, a 19 inch rack or bench mount, and much more. (pollutiononline.com)
Range1
- Flame emission and atomic absorption spectrophotometry were found to be comparable in sensitivity with detection limits in the ppm range and correlation coefficients of greater than 0.99 for the standard curves. (nih.gov)
