Filtration. Medical search

A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

Laboratory tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working through examination of blood and urine.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A starch found in the tubers and roots of many plants. Since it is hydrolyzable to FRUCTOSE, it is classified as a fructosan. It has been used in physiologic investigation for determination of the rate of glomerular function.

A specialized barrier in the kidney, consisting of the fenestrated CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE; and glomerular epithelium (PODOCYTES). The barrier prevents the filtration of PLASMA PROTEINS.

Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.

A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the vessels of the KIDNEY.

A surgical procedure used in treatment of glaucoma in which an opening is created through which aqueous fluid may pass from the anterior chamber into a sac created beneath the conjunctiva, thus lowering the pressure within the eye. (Hoffman, Pocket Glossary of Ophthalmologic Terminology, 1989)

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

An extracellular cystatin subtype that is abundantly expressed in bodily fluids. It may play a role in the inhibition of interstitial CYSTEINE PROTEASES.

A membrane or barrier with micrometer sized pores used for separation purification processes.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)

The separation of particles from a suspension by passage through a filter with very fine pores. In ultrafiltration the separation is accomplished by convective transport; in DIALYSIS separation relies instead upon differential diffusion. Ultrafiltration occurs naturally and is a laboratory procedure. Artificial ultrafiltration of the blood is referred to as HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION (if combined with HEMODIALYSIS).

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.

The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.

A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.

Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positively charged resin. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Highly differentiated epithelial cells of the visceral layer of BOWMAN CAPSULE of the KIDNEY. They are composed of a cell body with major CELL SURFACE EXTENSIONS and secondary fingerlike extensions called pedicels. They enwrap the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS capillaries with their cell surface extensions forming a filtration structure. The pedicels of neighboring podocytes interdigitate with each other leaving between them filtration slits that are bridged by an extracellular structure impermeable to large macromolecules called the slit diaphragm, and provide the last barrier to protein loss in the KIDNEY.

The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.

Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Sodium excretion by URINATION.

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

The functional units of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus and the attached tubule.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

An increase in the excretion of URINE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The amount of PLASMA that perfuses the KIDNEYS per unit time, approximately 10% greater than effective renal plasma flow (RENAL PLASMA FLOW, EFFECTIVE). It should be differentiated from the RENAL BLOOD FLOW; (RBF), which refers to the total volume of BLOOD flowing through the renal vasculature, while the renal plasma flow refers to the rate of plasma flow (RPF).

Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

A homologous group of endogenous CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS. The cystatins inhibit most CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES such as PAPAIN, and other peptidases which have a sulfhydryl group at the active site.

KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A group of glycine amides of aminobenzoic acids.

Electrophoresis in which discontinuities in both the voltage and pH gradients are introduced by using buffers of different composition and pH in the different parts of the gel column. The term 'disc' was originally used as an abbreviation for 'discontinuous' referring to the buffers employed, and does not have anything to do with the shape of the separated zones.

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Graphic tracing over a time period of radioactivity measured externally over the kidneys following intravenous injection of a radionuclide which is taken up and excreted by the kidneys.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Incision of tissues for injection of medication or for other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Punctures of the skin, for example may be used for diagnostic drainage; of blood vessels for diagnostic imaging procedures.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.

Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.

Excision of kidney.

A method of gel filtration chromatography using agarose, the non-ionic component of agar, for the separation of compounds with molecular weights up to several million.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

The pressure due to the weight of fluid.

Process of using a rotating machine to generate centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities, remove moisture, or simulate gravitational effects. It employs a large motor-driven apparatus with a long arm, at the end of which human and animal subjects, biological specimens, or equipment can be revolved and rotated at various speeds to study gravitational effects. (From Websters, 10th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Unstable isotopes of chromium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cr atoms with atomic weights of 46-49, 51, 55, and 56 are radioactive chromium isotopes.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.

A group of compounds with the general formula M10(PO4)6(OH)2, where M is barium, strontium, or calcium. The compounds are the principal mineral in phosphorite deposits, biological tissue, human bones, and teeth. They are also used as an anticaking agent and polymer catalysts. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.

A process of selective diffusion through a membrane. It is usually used to separate low-molecular-weight solutes which diffuse through the membrane from the colloidal and high-molecular-weight solutes which do not. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.

The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.

The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The layer of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX that lies between the ENDOTHELIUM of the glomerular capillaries and the PODOCYTES of the inner or visceral layer of the BOWMAN CAPSULE. It is the product of these two cell types. It acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

A sucrose polymer of high molecular weight.

The outer zone of the KIDNEY, beneath the capsule, consisting of KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL; and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A highly specific (Leu-Leu) endopeptidase that generates ANGIOTENSIN I from its precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, leading to a cascade of reactions which elevate BLOOD PRESSURE and increase sodium retention by the kidney in the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.99.19.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The amount of PLASMA flowing to the parts of the KIDNEY that function in the production of urine. It is the amount of plasma perfusing the KIDNEY TUBULES per unit time, generally measured by P-AMINOHIPPURATE clearance. It should be differentiated from RENAL PLASMA FLOW which is approximately 10% greater than the effective renal plasma flow.

The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.

An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Procedure whereby plasma is separated and extracted from anticoagulated whole blood and the red cells retransfused to the donor. Plasmapheresis is also employed for therapeutic use.

Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.

A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

Any surgical procedure for treatment of glaucoma by means of puncture or reshaping of the trabecular meshwork. It includes goniotomy, trabeculectomy, and laser perforation.

The mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and the anterior pericorneal surface of the eyeball.

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.

Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).

An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

Volume of PLASMA in the circulation. It is usually measured by INDICATOR DILUTION TECHNIQUES.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Water-soluble proteins found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. They coagulate upon heating.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Preparations made from animal tissues or organs (ANIMAL STRUCTURES). They usually contain many components, any one of which may be pharmacologically or physiologically active. Tissue extracts may contain specific, but uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific actions.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Extracorporeal ULTRAFILTRATION technique without HEMODIALYSIS for treatment of fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances affecting renal, cardiac, or pulmonary function.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.

The pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates a pure solvent from a solution of the solvent and solute or that separates different concentrations of a solution. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Streptomyces griseus.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Liquid components of living organisms.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The ability of the kidney to excrete in the urine high concentrations of solutes from the blood plasma.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.

Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.

Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The vascular resistance to the flow of BLOOD through the CAPILLARIES portions of the peripheral vascular bed.

An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

The volume of packed RED BLOOD CELLS in a blood specimen. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, ANEMIA shows a low value; POLYCYTHEMIA, a high value.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.

Chemical agents that react with SH groups. This is a chemically diverse group that is used for a variety of purposes. Among these are enzyme inhibition, enzyme reactivation or protection, and labelling.

The interstitial fluid that is in the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.

Improved antibody detection by the use of range expansion and longer filter wavelength in a low ionic strength-protamine sulphate Auto-Analyzer system. (1/1800)

Range expansion, achieved by insertion of a variable resistance between the colorimeter and the recorder together with the use of 550 nm colorimeter filters, has resulted in markedly improved sensitivity for antibody detection, and improved sample identification, in a low ionic strength-protamine sulphate (LISPS) system. Range expansion also permits a lower concentration of red cells to be used, thus economizing on fully typed cells. Glycerol stored frozen cells were found to be only slightly less sensitive than fresh cells in this system. (+info)

The effect of the antiscatter grid on full-field digital mammography phantom images. (2/1800)

Computer Analysis of Mammography Phantom Images (CAMPI) is a method for making quantitative measurements of image quality. This article reports on a recent application of this method to a prototype full-field digital mammography (FFDM) machine. Images of a modified ACR phantom were acquired on the General Electric Diagnostic Molybdenum Rhodium (GE-DMR) FFDM machine at a number of x-ray techniques, both with and without the scatter reduction grid. The techniques were chosen so that one had sets of grid and non-grid images with matched doses (200 mrads) and matched gray-scale values (1500). A third set was acquired at constant 26 kVp and varying mAs for both grid conditions. Analyses of the images yielded signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), contrast and noise corresponding to each target object, and a non-uniformity measure. The results showed that under conditions of equal gray-scale value the grid images were markedly superior, albeit at higher doses than the non-grid images. Under constant dose conditions, the non-grid images were slightly superior in SNR (7%) but markedly less uniform (60%). Overall, the grid images had substantially greater contrast and superior image uniformity. These conclusions applied to the whole kVp range studied for the Mo-Mo target filter combination and 4 cm of breast equivalent material of average composition. These results suggest that use of the non-grid technique in digital mammography with the GE-DMR-FFDM unit, is presently not warranted. With improved uniformity correction procedure, this conclusion would change and one should be able to realize a 14% reduction in patient dose at the same SNR by using a non-grid technique. (+info)

Computed radiography dual energy subtraction: performance evaluation when detecting low-contrast lung nodules in an anthropomorphic phantom. (3/1800)

A dedicated chest computed radiography (CR) system has an option of energy subtraction (ES) acquisition. Two imaging plates, rather than one, are separated by a copper filter to give a high-energy and low-energy image. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of conventional computed radiography to that of ES obtained with two radiographic techniques. One soft tissue only image was obtained at the conventional CR technique (s = 254) and the second was obtained at twice the radiation exposure (s = 131) to reduce noise. An anthropomorphic phantom with superimposed low-contrast lung nodules was imaged 53 times for each radiographic technique. Fifteen images had no nodules; 38 images had a total of 90 nodules placed on the phantom. Three chest radiologists read the three sets of images in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study. Significant differences in Az were only found between (1) the higher exposure energy subtracted images and the conventional dose energy subtracted images (P = .095, 90% confidence), and (2) the conventional CR and the energy subtracted image obtained at the same technique (P = .024, 98% confidence). As a result of this study, energy subtracted images cannot be substituted for conventional CR images when detecting low-contrast nodules, even when twice the exposure is used to obtain them. (+info)

Filter-based coded-excitation system for high-speed ultrasonic imaging. (4/1800)

We have recently presented a new algorithm for high-speed parallel processing of ultrasound pulse-echo data for real-time three-dimensional (3-D) imaging. The approach utilizes a discretized linear model of the echo data received from the region of interest (ROI) using a conventional beam former. The transmitter array elements are fed with binary codes designed to produce distinct impulse responses from different directions in ROI. Image reconstruction in ROI is achieved with a regularized pseudoinverse operator derived from the linear receive signal model. The reconstruction operator can be implemented using a transversal filter bank with every filter in the bank designed to extract echoes from a specific direction in the ROI. The number of filters in the bank determines the number of image lines acquired simultaneously. In this paper, we present images of a cyst phantom reconstructed based on our formulation. A number of issues of practical significance in image reconstruction are addressed. Specifically, an augmented model is introduced to account for imperfect blocking of echoes from outside the ROI. We have also introduced a column-weighting algorithm for minimizing the number of filter coefficients. In addition, a detailed illustration of a full image reconstruction using subimage acquisition and compounding is given. Experimental results have shown that the new approach is valid for phased-array pulse-echo imaging of speckle-generating phantoms typically used in characterizing medical imaging systems. Such coded-excitation-based image reconstruction from speckle-generating phantoms, to the best of our knowledge, have not been reported previously. (+info)

Comparison of five methods of malaria detection in the outpatient setting. (5/1800)

In eastern Africa where 90% of the malaria is due to Plasmodium falciparum, the accuracy of malaria diagnosis at the outpatient level is becoming increasingly important due to problems of drug resistance and use of alternative, costly antimalarial drugs. The quantitative buffy coat (QBC) technique, acridine orange staining with an interference filter system, and the ParaSight-F test have been introduced as alternative methods to conventional microscopy for the diagnosis of malaria. Two hundred thirteen outpatients were tested using these alternative methods and conventional microscopy by five experienced technologists; two were randomly allocated to read the results of each test. Paired results showed the highest level of agreement with the ParaSight-F test (99%), followed by Field stain (92%). The results of the QBC technique showed the least agreement (73%). Using conventional microscopy as the reference standard, the ParaSight-F test had a sensitivity range of 90-92% and a specificity of 99%, staining with acridine orange had a sensitivity range of 77-96% and a specificity range of 81-98% and the QBC technique had a sensitivity range of 88-98% and a specificity range of 58-90%. All microscopic tests showed lower sensitivities (as low as 20% using staining with acridine orange) in detecting low parasitemias (< or = 320/microl) than the ParaSight-F test (70%). Due to the high cost of the ParaSight-F test, Field-stained blood films remain the most appropriate method for diagnosis of P. falciparum in eastern Africa. The ParaSight-F test may be used in situations where no trained microscopists are available, or where malaria is strongly suspected and the results of microscopy are negative. (+info)

Nitrate removal in closed-system aquaculture by columnar denitrification. (6/1800)

The columnar denitrification method of nitrate-nitrogen removal from high-density, closed system, salmonid aquaculture was investigated and found to be feasible. However, adequate chemical monitoring was found to be necessary for the optimization and quality control of this method. When methanol-carbon was not balanced with inlet nitrate-nitrogen, the column effluent became unsatisfactory for closed-system fish culture due to the presence of excess amounts of nitrite, ammonia, sulfide, and dissolved organic carbon. Sulfide production was also influenced by column maturity and residence time. Methane-carbon was found to be unsatisfactory as an exogenous carbon source. Endogenous carbon could not support high removal efficiencies. Freshwater columns adpated readily to an artificial seawater with a salinity of 18% without observable inhibition. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bacterial flora was mainly rod forms with the Peritricha (protozoa) dominating as the primary consumers. Denitrifying bacteria isolated from freshwater columns were tentatively identified as species of Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes. A pilot plant column was found to behave in a manner similar to the laboratory columns except that nitrite production was never observed. (+info)

Filter ventilation and nicotine content of tobacco in cigarettes from Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (7/1800)

OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to determine filter ventilation and the nicotine content of tobacco and their contribution to machine-smoked yields of cigarettes from the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. METHODS: Ninety-two brands of cigarettes (32 American, 23 Canadian, and 37 British brands) were purchased at retail outlets in State College, Pennsylvania, United States, Toronto, Canada, and London, United Kingdom. A FIDUS FDT filter ventilation tester measured the percentage air-dilution from filter vents. High-pressure, liquid chromatography was used to measure the nicotine content of tobacco. Regression techniques were used to examine the contributions of tobacco nicotine content and filter ventilation to machine-smoked yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide (CO). RESULTS: Ninety-four per cent of the American brands, 91% of the Canadian brands, and 79% of British brands were ventilated. The total nicotine content of tobacco and percent nicotine (by weight of tobacco) averaged 10.2 mg (standard error of the mean (SEM) 0.25, range: 7.2 to 13.4) and 1.5% (SEM 0.03, range 1.2 to 2) in the United States, 13.5 mg (SEM 0.49, range: 8.0 to 18.3) and 1.8% (SEM 0.06, range: 1.0 to 2.4) in Canada, 12.5 mg (SEM 0.33, range: 9 to 17.5) and 1.7% (SEM 0.04, range: 1.3 to 2.4) in the United Kingdom. Multiple regression analyses showed that ventilation was by far the largest factor influencing machine-smoked yields of tar, nicotine, and CO. CONCLUSION: Filter ventilation appears to be the predominant method for reducing machine-smoked yields of tar, nicotine, and CO in three countries. However, some brands contain about twice as much nicotine (total content or percent nicotine) as do others, indicating that tobacco types or blends and tobacco castings can be used to manipulate nicotine content and nicotine delivery of cigarettes. (+info)

Effects of Aspergillus fumigatus culture filtrate on antifungal activity of human phagocytes in vitro. (8/1800)

BACKGROUND: Aspergillus fumigatus can colonise the airways and the lungs with localised underlying conditions and occasionally invade the surrounding lung tissues even in subjects without systemic predisposing factors, presumably by escaping the local host defences. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of A fumigatus culture filtrate (ACF) on the activities of human phagocytes--inhibition of germination of A fumigatus spores by alveolar macrophages (AMs) and hyphal damage by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs)--which are the critical host defences against A fumigatus. METHODS: Spores were incubated with AMs at a ratio of 1:1 in a medium containing different concentrations of ACF for 10 hours at 37 degrees C. Spore germination was visualised with light microscopy and the inhibition rate was calculated. The percentage of hyphal damage caused by PMNs pretreated with various concentrations of ACF was measured by a colorimetric tetrazolium metabolic assay. RESULTS: The inhibition rate of spore germination by AMs cultured with medium alone (control) was 90 (0.8)% whereas that by AMs cultured with the medium containing 10% ACF was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced to 41.7 (4.6)%. ACF suppressed the inhibition of spore germination in a dose dependent manner without altering the phagocytosing activity against the spores. The percentage of hyphal damage caused by PMNs pretreated with medium-199 (control) was 78.1 (2.3)% compared with 65.3 (2.8)% when PMNs were pretreated with 50% ACF (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A fumigatus releases biologically active substance(s) which suppress the inhibition of spore germination by AMs and also suppress PMN mediated hyphal damage, and thus may contribute to the pathogenicity of this fungus. (+info)

Look up filtration in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Filtration. Filtration modelling ... Many filtration processes include more than one filtration mechanism, and particulates are often removed from the fluid first ... There are several laboratory filtration techniques depending on the desired outcome namely, hot, cold and vacuum filtration. ... "Filtration - Definition, Types, Functions & Quiz". Biology Dictionary. 3 March 2017. "filtration , Definition, Examples, & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtration

C0t filtration, or CF, is a technique that uses the principles of DNA renaturation kinetics (i.e. Cot analysis) to separate the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cot_filtration

In representation theory, a Jantzen filtration is a filtration of a Verma module of a semisimple Lie algebra, or a Weyl module ... then the Janzen filtration is a decreasing filtration M ( λ ) = M ( λ ) 0 ⊇ M ( λ ) 1 ⊇ M ( λ ) 2 ⊇ ⋯ . {\displaystyle M(\ ... Jantzen filtrations were introduced by Jantzen (1979). If M(λ) is a Verma module of a semisimple Lie algebra with highest ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jantzen_filtration

In mathematical representation theory, a good filtration is a filtration of a representation of a reductive algebraic group G ... Mathieu (1990) showed that the tensor product of two modules F(λ)⊗F(μ) has a good filtration, completing the results of Donkin ... Littelmann (1992) showed that the existence of good filtrations for these tensor products also follows from standard monomial ... "Filtrations of G-modules", Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure, Série 4, 23 (4): 625-644, doi:10.24033/asens. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_filtration

Then the natural filtration of F with respect to X is defined to be the filtration F•X = (FiX)i∈I given by F i X = σ { X j − 1 ... the generated filtration or natural filtration associated to a stochastic process is a filtration associated to the process ... Delia Coculescu; Ashkan Nikeghbali (2010), "Filtrations", Encyclopedia of Quantitative Finance Filtration (mathematics) ( ... It is in a sense the simplest filtration available for studying the given process: all information concerning the process, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_filtration

River Bank filtration is a type of filtration that works by passing water to be purified for use as drinking water through the ... Three filtration mechanisms are possible. Physical filtration or straining takes places when suspended particulates are too ... Chemical filtration or ion exchange may take place when aquifer soils react with soluble chemicals in the water. Most 'normal' ... Chemical filtration will cease when all reactive sites within the flow pathway through aquifer soil have reacted. Physical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_filtration

... "filtration" corresponds to our "descending filtration". Given a group G {\displaystyle G} and a filtration G n {\displaystyle G ... A maximal filtration of a set is equivalent to an ordering (a permutation) of the set. For instance, the filtration { 0 } ⊆ { 0 ... "filtration" is to be understood. Descending filtrations are not to be confused with the dual notion of cofiltrations (which ... Natural filtration Filtration (probability theory) Filter (mathematics) Björk, Thomas (2005). "Appendix B". Arbitrage Theory in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtration_(mathematics)

"Gravity filtration". "Filtration". "Filtration Methods" (PDF). "Recrystallization: Gravity Filtration". "RDGfiltration" (PDF). ... Gravity Filtration. Phillip D. Davies (2012). Alternative filter media in rapid gravity filtration of potable water (PDF) ( ... Gravity Filtration Systems". napier-reid.com. Retrieved 2019-05-11. "Gravity-flow filtration cartridge for the removal of ... The two main kinds of filtration used in laboratories are gravity and vacuum/suction. Gravity filtration is often used in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_filtration

... this filtration is called the Adams filtration, otherwise the Adams-Novikov filtration. v t e (Articles lacking sources from ... the Adams filtration and the Adams-Novikov filtration allow a stable homotopy group to be understood as built from layers, the ... The group of stable homotopy classes [ X , Y ] {\displaystyle [X,Y]} between two spectra X and Y can be given a filtration by ... These filtrations, named after Frank Adams and Sergei Novikov, are of particular interest because the Adams (-Novikov) spectral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_filtration

Vacuum filtration is a fast filtration technique used to separate solids from liquids. By flowing through the aspirator, water ... In this case, vacuum filtration is also more efficient that a simple filtration: there is more liquid recovered, and the yield ... Vacuum Filtration Vacuum Filtration, retrieved 2017-01-14 (Articles lacking in-text citations from August 2013, All articles ... The product of synthesis is then recovered faster, and the solid is drier than in the case of a simple filtration. Other than ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suction_filtration

... may refer to: NKVD filtration camps, camps for the screening of Soviet soldiers in enemy land or under enemy ... mass internment centers of Chechens applied in Russia during the Chechen Wars Russian filtration camps of Ukrainians, used by ... forcibly displacing Ukrainian citizens to Russia This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Filtration ... control set by the NKVD Filtration camp system in Chechnya, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtration_camp

... the filtration fraction is the ratio of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over the renal plasma flow (RPF). Filtration ... Filtration fraction must therefore be increased in order to perform the normal functions of the kidney. Loop diuretics and ... Severe hemorrhage will also result in an increased filtration fraction. v t e (Renal physiology, All stub articles, ... Catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) increase filtration fraction by vasoconstriction of afferent and efferent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtration_fraction

The rate of filtration across the membrane is, by definition, the product of Kf and the net filtration pressure across the ... "Filtration coefficient - definition of filtration coefficient by Medical dictionary". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 27 ... In physiology, Filtration coefficient (Kf) is the product of a biological membrane's permeability to water and the surface area ... A decrease in Kf due to reduced number of glomeruli or reduced permeability will reduce the GFR at a given filtration pressure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtration_coefficient

NKVD screening and filtration camps (Russian: Проверочно-фильтрационные лагеря НКВД СССР), originally known as NKVD special- ... and other displaced persons totaling more than 4,000,000 people were sent to special NKVD filtration camps (distinct from the ... NKVD special camps in Germany 1945-1950 Filtration camp system in Chechnya Warlands : population resettlement and state ... " ("verification and filtration camps"). Surviving POWs (about 1.5 million), repatriated Ostarbeiter, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKVD_filtration_camps

... is a type of filtration (a particular unit operation). Crossflow filtration is different from dead-end filtration in which the ... Filtration membranes can be polymeric or ceramic, depending upon the application. The principles of cross-flow filtration are ... It can be a continuous process, unlike batch-wise dead-end filtration. This type of filtration is typically selected for feeds ... In protein purification, the term tangential flow filtration (TFF) is used to describe cross-flow filtration with membranes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-flow_filtration

This can be defined using the equation: FF=GFR/RPF FF is the filtration fraction GFR is the glomerular filtration rate RPF is ... "Glomerular Filtration Rate" Rose GA (1969). "Measurement of glomerular filtration rate by inulin clearance without urine ... One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Glomerular filtration rate describes the flow ... After filtration, Cystatin C is reabsorbed and catabolized by the tubular epithelial cells, with only small amounts excreted in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerular_filtration_rate

In mathematics, the Moy-Prasad filtration is a family of filtrations of p-adic reductive groups and their Lie algebras, named ... the Moy-Prasad filtration can be viewed as a filtration of a parahoric subgroup of a reductive group. The chief application of ... The Moy-Prasad filtration satisfies the following additional properties. A jump in the Moy-Prasad filtration is defined as an ... Alternatively, since the initial term in each filtration at a point of the building is the parahoric subgroup for that point, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moy–Prasad_filtration

... or BFE is a measurement of a respirator material's resistance to penetration of bacteria. ... and Filtration Effectiveness". Smart Air Filters. (All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links ... to determine percent bacterial filtration efficiency (%BFE). Surgical mask standards in China, Europe, and the United States ... from June 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Filtration). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_filtration_efficiency

... (ICF) is a process used to remove particulate and dissolved contaminants from a designated fluid such ... Inverted cone filtration has been successfully used in stormwater quality application. The filter is made with monofilament ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_cone_filtration

So filtrations are families of σ-algebras that are ordered non-decreasingly. If F {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} } is a filtration ... is a filtration, then the corresponding right-continuous filtration is defined as F + := ( F i + ) i ∈ I , {\displaystyle \ ... In the theory of stochastic processes, a subdiscipline of probability theory, filtrations are totally ordered collections of ... is a filtration. Here σ ( X k ∣ k ≤ n ) {\displaystyle \sigma (X_{k}\mid k\leq n)} denotes the σ-algebra generated by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtration_(probability_theory)

... is a high-purity brass water filtration process that relies on the redox potential of dissolved ... prior to filtration. Copper zinc water filtration does not remove organic chemicals, such as pesticides and disinfection ... In the filtration process, zinc acts as an anode and copper as a cathode in an electrolytic cell. Ionic contaminants are ... Copper zinc filtration has been used in municipal processing, and the treatment of medical and dental waste water, as well as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_zinc_water_filtration

The analysis of the filtration step has been endorsed by courts in Canada and France. In the UK, the AFC test has the dubious ... The Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test (AFC) is a method of identifying substantial similarity for the purposes of applying ... Perhaps the most influential of these tests is the abstraction-filtration-comparison test, first introduced by the Second ... "filtration" has occurred, the allegedly infringing program is compared to the protectable elements that have survived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison_test

The NIOSH air filtration rating is the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)'s classification of ... Guidance for Filtration and Air-Cleaning Systems to Protect Building Environments from Airborne Chemical, Biological, or ... The classifications only cover the filtration of particles or aerosols, not the air-purifying respirator's ability to remove ... or P to indicate the filter's resistance to filtration efficiency degradation when exposed to oil-based or oil-like aerosols (e ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating

Green bridge filters help in reducing the suspended solids by filtration process, reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_bridge_(filtration_system)

"Croton Water Filtration Plant". Water Technology. New York: Verdict Media Ltd. Retrieved 2022-01-19. "Croton Water Filtration ... Gonchar, Joann (March 1, 2016). "Croton Water Filtration Plant". Architectural Record. BNP Media. "Croton Water Filtration ... The Croton Water Filtration Plant, is a drinking water treatment facility in New York City which began operation in 2015. The ... The filtration plant was originally projected to cost $800 million, but the project experienced delays and ballooning costs due ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croton_Water_Filtration_Plant

... is a twenty-five acre decommissioned water treatment plant in northwest Washington, D.C., built ... The D.C. government began considering the McMillan Sand Filtration Site for commercial and residential development again in ... The 1905 completion of the McMillan Reservoir Sand Filtration Plant was a Washington public health milestone. Its innovative ... "Mayor Fenty Announces Development Partner for Former McMillan Sand Filtration Site" (Press release). District of Columbia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMillan_Sand_Filtration_Site

... "filtration camps", set up ad hoc in various public buildings where the "filtration" takes place. After passing "filtration", ... "filtration". Some Ukrainians that were detained in filtration camps have said that informing filtration camp officials that ... After arriving in filtration camps, detainees are told they are not allowed to leave the town in which the filtration camp is ... Even after passing "filtration", some men are interrogated again during their passage from the filtration camp across areas ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_filtration_camps_for_Ukrainians

Air filtration standards differ between the U.S. and other countries. The American ASHRAE rating system does not account for ... Air filtration guidelines for operating rooms are determined by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- ... The air filtration rating system from the International Standardization Organization (ISO) does account for this loss in ... "Particulate air filters for general ventilation-Determination of filtration performance". www.iso.org. Retrieved 2020-04-10.{{ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filtration_in_operating_rooms

Filtration camps or filtration points (the official name) were used by the Russian federal forces for their mass internment ... Russian war crimes Mass graves in Chechnya Russian filtration camps of Ukrainians Nazi concentration camps Filtration System ... In addition, temporary "filtration camps" were set up in the open fields or in abandoned premises on the outskirts of the towns ... The term "filtration point" re-appeared during the First Chechen War as name of the facilities illegally created for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtration_camp_system_in_Chechnya

Built in 1910, it was likely the first water filtration plant in Michigan. In 1945, the plant was the site of the first public ... In 1910 bonds were issued to construct a filtration plant to clean water from the Grand River. The city hired nationally known ... The Monroe Avenue Water Filtration Plant is a municipal water treatment plant located at 430 Monroe Avenue NW in Grand Rapids, ... Glendive City Water Filtration Plant, NRHP-listed in Glendive, Montana "National Register Information System". National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_Avenue_Water_Filtration_Plant

... was valued at US$ 15.30 Bn. in 2021 and the market size is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 7.25%. ... Membrane Filtration Market was valued at US$ 15.30 Bn. in 2021. The Global Membrane Filtration Market size is estimated to grow ... Membrane Filtration Market Overview:. Market growth of Membrane Filtration is growing rapidly because of a few factors, the ... Membrane Filtration Market Trends: Cost-reducing properties of the membrane filtration along with the rising demand for good ...

https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/membrane-filtration-market/11166/

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much ... Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much ... Krishnan A, Levin A. Laboratory assessment of kidney disease: glomerular filtration rate, urinalysis, and proteinuria. In: Yu ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007305.htm

Guidance for Filtration and Air-Cleaning Systems to Protect Building Environments from Airborne Chemical, Biological, or ... Guidance for Filtration and Air-Cleaning Systems to Protect Building Environments from Airborne Chemical, Biological, or ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-136/default.html

... (0). Sterilization Method: Gamma irradiation Filter Diameter: �� 15 mm Filter Diameter ...

https://www.sartorius.com/shop/ww/en/usd/products-lab-filtration-and-purification/c/Lab_Filtration_and_Purification_default?q=:relevance:atr_pim_sterilization_method:Gamma+irradiation:atr_pim_filter_diameter:%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD+15+mm:atr_pim_filter_diameter:%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD+28+mm

Glomerular Filtration Rate. All patients with an abnormal creatinine clearance should have their GFR estimated. Several eGFR ... The diagnosis of renal failure is based primarily on an abnormal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or abnormal creatinine ... In practice, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is most often used. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/245296-55665/what-is-the-role-of-ct-scanning-in-the-diagnosis-of-uremia

With a polypropylene backing that resists abrasion, moisture, scuffing and breaks, try Scotch® Filament Tape 898. This filament-reinforced tape is ideal for securing boxes, bundling pipe or reinforcing large bulk containers, Scotch® Filament Tape 898 is a high-strength, reliable and affordable solution for product and package integrity.

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... as well as providing some initial findings around using building siting and air filtration as effective mitigation strategies. ... Highways, Health, and Energy: From City Planning to Air Filtration. This session will be a workshop focused on design and ... as well as providing some initial findings around using building siting and air filtration as effective mitigation strategies. ...

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MLA Filtration also joined our group of companies. In 2022, WASP merged into a new group, which bought low and medium voltage ... In 2021, WASP PFS Inc was opened in Illinois USA; and a new range of sidestream filtration products was launched. ... WASP invent, design and manufacture customisedÂ fuel filtration equipmentÂ andÂ fuel additives, including the innovativeÂ fuel ... polishing systems, absolute polishing products and side stream filtration. We also design and manufacture medium and low ...

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Read about selecting an equation to use to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients. ... Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate. Recommended eGFR equations will be changing. Once guidance is adopted, we will update ... Limitations using creatinine as a filtration marker: both the MDRD study and CKD-EPI equations are based on serum creatinine. ... Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D.; A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from ...

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... the Alexapure Pro Water Filtration System. Reduce 200+ contaminants in your drinking water. Get yours now! ... Camping Survival offers the ultimate water filtration solution: ... G2O Water Filtration Bottle by Alexapure. Regular price $39.95 ... Water Filtration System is a groundbreaking, gravity-fed water filtration system that outperforms others for less. ... While this in no way affects the filtration process, you can clean the outer surfaces of your filters. Be sure to carefully ...

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We offer superior intermediate product filtration solutions to the chemical, flavor and fragrance, and biotechnology industries ... Explore intermediate product filtration solutions for the chemical industry. ... Intermediate Product Filtration Solutions for the Chemical Industry Intermediate Product Filtration Solutions for the Chemical ... Intermediate Product Filtration Solutions for the Chemical Industry Intermediate Product Filtration Solutions for the Chemical ...

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... types of filtration and filters available and their location and maintenance in the h ... Report is primarily to familiarize the designer of hydraulic powered machinery with the necessity for oil filtration in the ... Hydraulic Power Circuit Filtration J931_198603 This SAE Information Report is primarily to familiarize the designer of ... types of filtration and filters available and their location and maintenance in the hydraulic circuit. ...

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Seachem Purigen Ultimate Filtration is a premium synthetic adsorbent that, unlike any other filtration product, is not a ... Chemical filtration supplements biological and mechanical filtration in order to keep your reptile tank clean, clear, and ... Use Bio Chem Zorb for sparkling clean water and healthy fish! This all-in-one chemical filtration media removes organic waste, ... Welcome to the Aquarium Filter Chemical Media superstore! Chemical filtration utilizes specialized media to absorb organic ...

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Filtration separates substances based on physical or chemical properties. Lab samples are routinely filtered before analysis to ... Filtration can be driven by simple gravity using a filter and a funnel, manually as in syringe filtration, or by centrifugal ... Dissolution Testing Filtration. Filtration is used in dissolution testing to end the dissolution process and prepare the sample ... Samplicity® G2 Filtration System. Review resources about adding the Samplicity® filtration system to your HPLC workflow. Watch ...

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Selection from Progress in Filtration and Separation [Book] ... Progress in Filtration and Separation by E. Steven Tarleton. ... Get full access to Progress in Filtration and Separation and 60K+ other titles, with free 10-day trial of OReilly. ... Get Progress in Filtration and Separation now with the OReilly learning platform. ...

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This collapsible and efficient home filtration system dramatically helps reduce the presence of bad stuff in our water. Dont ... This collapsible and efficient home filtration system, with removable BPA-free plastic parts for easy cleaning, dramatically ...

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Buy Kinesis Filtration Systems and more from our comprehensive selection of Bottletop/Filter Units from Cole-Parmer ... Use our all-glass filtration systems for your work with particulate, microbiological, and HPLC to minimize contact between ... All-glass filtration system, filter holder with funnel, flask, and aluminum clamp ...

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In-depth filtration is mainly used for the filtration of liquids. A typical example is the filtration of polymers. ... Surface filtration can be applied in both liquid and gas filtration, especially for fine filtration. Since the contaminants do ... Bekaerts metal fiber filtration media are suitable for both in-depth filtration and surface filtration. Heres a short ... The filtration R&D team is supported by three global R&D competence centers, one of which focuses on metal fiber filtration ...

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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. (medlineplus.gov)
Krishnan A, Levin A. Laboratory assessment of kidney disease: glomerular filtration rate, urinalysis, and proteinuria. (medlineplus.gov)
The diagnosis of renal failure is based primarily on an abnormal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or abnormal creatinine clearance, which is usually evident due to an elevated serum creatinine level. (medscape.com)
In practice, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is most often used. (medscape.com)
Because mild and moderate kidney injury is poorly inferred from serum creatinine alone, NIDDK strongly encourages clinical laboratories to routinely estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and report the value when serum creatinine is measured for patients 18 and older, when appropriate and feasible. (nih.gov)
The low molecular mass and the basic nature of cystatin C, in combination with its stable production rate, suggest that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the major determinant of cystatin C concentration in the peripheral circulation. (nih.gov)
Initial testing in a child with suspected chronic kidney disease (CKD) must include an examination of the urine and estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). (medscape.com)
Because CKD progression involves multiple processes in the kidney, it is unlikely that one biomarker will best predict glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline. (medscape.com)

While this in no way affects the filtration process, you can clean the outer surfaces of your filters. (campingsurvival.com)
For the best results, store replacement filters at temperatures above 35°F. Keep the filter moist and from drying out at all times for maximum filtration capacity. (campingsurvival.com)
This SAE Information Report is primarily to familiarize the designer of hydraulic powered machinery with the necessity for oil filtration in the hydraulic power circuit, the degree of system cleanliness required, types of filtration and filters available and their location and maintenance in the hydraulic circuit. (sae.org)
Clarification filters are used for pre-filtration and particle analysis because they retain/remove large particles, aggregates, and debris based on size. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This page discusses the importance of filtration and utility of hydrophilic PTFE Millex® syringe filters in dissolution testing. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We offer a number of home water filters, including whole house, central water, refrigerator ice, and under-sink water filtration including dual-stage, reverse osmosis, and standard cold water that helps protect plumbing and appliances and reduces chlorine taste and odor. (whirlpool.com)
Kimberly-Clark has launched a new line of high-efficiency filtration media for HVAC) system air filters. (plantengineering.com)
Max-Load liquid filtration systems feature a family of bag and cartridge filters with increased filter media surface areas. (chemicalonline.com)
In 2015, Porvair Filtration Group acquired North American company TEM Filters Inc. This has become Porvair's Boise Division, which designs and manufactures a range of filters for the microelectronics industry. (emsnow.com)
Discover our wide range of filtration systems, replacement filters & other products that support the energy sector. (aafintl.com)
Custom/OEM Applications AMBF is a fully equipped filtration manufacturer to produce your custom or OEM filters to your requirements. (americanmeltblown.com)
Residential AMBF manufactures many pre and post filters for your whole house filtration needs. (americanmeltblown.com)
We will devote ourselves to giving our esteemed buyers using the most enthusiastically thoughtful services for Dust Filtration Systems, Water Absorbing Hydraulic Filters , Spinning Machine Spare Part , Mecs Mist Eliminator , Swimming Pool Filter Glass . (manfrefiltration.com)

The largest share of 42% held by the membrane filtration market in the year 2021 is Reverse Osmosis segment. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
the increased adoption of this technology by government bodies to ensure access to safe and clean water is contributing to the rising demand for reverse osmosis in the membrane filtration market. (maximizemarketresearch.com)

The future expectation for market growth is calculated to be the filtration of initial ingredients in pharmaceutical synthesis, recycling of used water, and purification of wastewater. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
Also, the government regulations for water purification are also contributing to the demand for the membrane filtration market. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
Pall Corporation is a proven partner providing filtration, separation and purification solutions to meet the demanding needs of customers around the globe. (pall.com)
Filtration methods and membrane filter selection in nanoparticle purification and production. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The Pure Air Chemical Filtration System is a multi-stage, highly efficient air purification system that removes gases and particulates, and inhibits corrosion caused by airborne contaminants. (ingersollrand.com)

Chemical filtration utilizes specialized media to absorb organic contaminants in your aquarium water, removing them from suspension in order to maintain a low level of toxic contaminants from organic waste and to reduce nutrients for algae. (petmountain.com)
Without protection from the Pure Air Chemical Filtration System, these contaminants can result in reduced efficiency, costly repairs, and equipment downtime. (ingersollrand.com)
Ensuring air quality within the aerospace manufacturing industry can be challenging without efficient filtration solutions to remove contaminants from the indoor atmosphere and eliminate outdoor environmental emissions. (aafintl.com)

Water Filtration System is a groundbreaking, gravity-fed water filtration system that outperforms others for less. (campingsurvival.com)
Click here to see the test results for the Alexapure Pro Water Filtration System! (campingsurvival.com)
Review resources about adding the Samplicity ® filtration system to your HPLC workflow. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Watch our step-by-step video to understand how the Samplicity ® G2 filtration system works and use our application notes to learn more about how the Samplicity ® G2 filtration system has been applied for HPLC sample preparation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This collapsible and efficient home filtration system, with removable BPA-free plastic parts for easy cleaning, dramatically helps reduce the presence of bad stuff in our water. (oprah.com)
Ingersoll Rand developed the Pure Air Chemical Filtration System to remove corrosive gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). (ingersollrand.com)
Hexavalent chromium is undetectable without lab testing, but you can reduce possible exposure with a home water filtration system from ProOne. (prlog.org)
This new system seamlessly integrates into the METHOD 3D printer's intuitive workflow by automatically controlling the filtration process. (micromark.com)
Breathe easy and keep your working environment pristine even when 3D printing engineering materials with smart HEPA filtration on the Clean Air System for METHOD and METHOD X 3D Printers. (micromark.com)
From this information, a major underground mining equipment manufacturer designed a filtration and pressurization system that was incorporated into the enclosed cabs of its equipment. (cdc.gov)
A long-term evaluation was performed on the effectiveness of this filtration and pressurization system to improve the air quality in the enclosed cabs of two different pieces of equipment, a face drill and a roof-bolter machine, at an underground limestone mine. (cdc.gov)
Whether you are looking for a commercial filtration system, whole house filtration system or a specialty system, Waterfilters.net has everything you need in one convenient location. (waterfilters.net)
Choose the type of water filtration system you are looking for below. (waterfilters.net)
If you cannot find the type of water filtration system you are looking for, please contact our customer service department. (waterfilters.net)
Electrolyte Filtration System By Tfi Filtration (India) Pvt. (tradeindia.com)
The housings help to ensure that the filtration system provides consistent performance without bypassing or leaking. (chemicalonline.com)
THE Shellios Puros is a clever motorcycle helmet that incorporates a HEPA filtration system to deliver clean and fresh air to the rider. (visordown.com)
Choosing the right filtration system is essential for foodservice applications to ensure a consistent, quality customer experience. (pentair.com)
Use with an under the counter water filtration system. (citysupplygroup.com)
Through March 31, 2016, get up to 50% off select Aquasana water filtration system shipped and sold by Amazon.com while supplies last. (orbitaloffers.com)
Do you want to receive a FREE estimate on your Whole House Water Filtration System project? (premiumwatersystems.com)

Microporous filtration (microfiltration) is used for particle retention/exclusion and sterilization because it separates/removes particles and biological entities, such as bacteria and cells, based on particle size. (sigmaaldrich.com)
They may be used as a primary filtration step before microfiltration. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The latest filtration technology including: Ceramic membrane for filtration, Microfiltration technology improves operating efficiency, Spiral wound membranes, and many more! (dairyfoods.com)

New York City's 2017 FAD requires the New York State Department of Health, in consultation with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, conduct a review of the New York City's implementation of their 2016 Long-Term Watershed Protection Plan and compliance with the requirements of the 2017 Filtration Avoidance Determination. (ny.gov)

It's rated to H13 Grade HEPA filtration, putting it on a par with medical grade filtration devices - H13 and H14 are the highest achievable levels. (visordown.com)
Use HEPA air filtration devices to reduce airborne allergens. (medlineplus.gov)

Expansion of the bio-based pharmaceuticals market will gain a positive response in membrane filtrations systems. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
WASP invent, design and manufacture customisedÂ fuel filtration equipmentÂ andÂ fuel additives, including the innovativeÂ fuel polishing systems, absolute polishing products and side stream filtration. (datacentreworld.com)
Whirlpool ® home water filtration systems give you great tasting water throughout your home. (whirlpool.com)
Our home water filtration systems also reduce the need for store-bought water, helping you save money. (whirlpool.com)
Use our all-glass filtration systems for your work with particulate, microbiological, and HPLC to minimize contact between material and sample. (coleparmer.com)
NSF/ANSI 42, 53 and 401 are the leading industry standards for filtration products and systems. (nsf.org)
As part of this effort, the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, (NIOSH) completed a comprehensive laboratory study that determined the significant factors for cab filtration and pressurization systems. (cdc.gov)
Water filtration systems are essential for anyone looking to improve the quality of their water. (waterfilters.net)
Water filtration systems are most common in places like bathrooms, swimming pools, aquariums, and of course for drinking water. (waterfilters.net)
Trolley Mounted Filtration Systems By Trinity Filtration Technologies Pvt. (tradeindia.com)
We are counted among one of the most prominent organizations engaged in providing an extensive array of Oil Filtration Systems. (tradeindia.com)
Porvair, Boise Division - a global producer of high performance gas filtration for the microelectronics market - had its management systems formally assessed and has now been recognized by the International Certification. (emsnow.com)
Such a safety-oriented industry must rely on dust collection and air filtration systems that ensure indoor emissions stay under permitted levels, and avoid external environmental contamination. (aafintl.com)
Additionally, to meet the safety standards and protocols when dealing with explosive dust, NFPA Compliant filtration systems are required. (aafintl.com)
Filtration systems consisting of a filter unit and a radial fan . (krostech.cz)
Filtration systems can be customized in order to fulfil customer needs. (krostech.cz)
Our communication with customers is key to finding the best water filtration systems in Frederick, MD, for their needs and what products will address their particular problem. (purelywaterfilters.com)
Superior quality water filtration systems with performance are our end result! (purelywaterfilters.com)
Convenient and user-friendly, our filtration systems are designed to treat your office water in a way that gives you the peace of mind to know that what you're putting into your body is safe, clean, and refreshing. (tylermountainwater.com)
This web summit will bring together representatives from public health organizations from multiple levels of government and the scientific research community to share current knowledge about wildland fire smoke episodes and reducing indoor air pollution concentrations through air filtration methods (building HVAC systems or portable, free-standing air filtration systems). (cdc.gov)

Filtration Housings AMBF offers a full line of 150 psi liquid filtration housings for most applications. (americanmeltblown.com)

Membrane Filtration Market was valued at US$ 15.30 Bn. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
The Global Membrane Filtration Market size is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 7.25% over the forecast period. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
Market growth of Membrane Filtration is growing rapidly because of a few factors, the rapidly growing dairy industries, regulations for water safety and filtration, and increasing demand for premium products. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
Membrane filtration is broadly used for removing microorganisms, bacteria, and organic material from the water. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
Low energy costs and increasing demand for industrial filtration for better processing are driving the membrane filtration market. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
Membrane filtration is also used in large-scale industrial use. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
So, these are the factors that drive the market growth of the membrane filtration market. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
Cost-reducing properties of the membrane filtration along with the rising demand for good quality membrane filtered food have boosted the market growth of the membrane filtration market across the globe. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
Based on the Application , the Membrane Filtration Market is segmented into Water and wastewater treatment, Dairy Drinks and concentrates, Food and Beverages, Winery. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
The segment which held the largest share of 39% of the membrane filtration market is water and wastewater treatment in the year 2021. (maximizemarketresearch.com)
Certifications are important for food and dairy manufacturers and end-users that use membrane filtration within their manufacturing processes. (dairyfoods.com)

and a new range of sidestream filtration products was launched. (datacentreworld.com)
The link above will redirect you from the Whirlpool ® brand website to the website of Water Channel Partners, which manufactures Whirlpool Water Filtration products under license. (whirlpool.com)
Pet Mountain's Aquarium Filter Chemical Media store features top quality products from the most trusted names in aquatic filtration and water maintenance, including Boyd Enterprises, Marineland, Fluval, AquaClear, Seachem, and API. (petmountain.com)
We believe in our people, the products we produce, and are proud to offer a full line of the highest quality filtration and oil absorbent products. (americanmeltblown.com)
We welcome the opportunity to pledge our expertise to solve OEM filtration requirements by developing application specific products. (unitedfiltration.com)

Synder Filtration has earned kosher pareve certification from the Earth Kosher Certification Agency and halal certification from the Islamic Services of America for all sanitary membranes. (dairyfoods.com)

Long-term evaluation of cab particulate filtration and pressurization performance. (cdc.gov)
The product is not intended for any use that would create an undue risk-for example, the labeling does not include uses for antimicrobial/antiviral protection or related uses or uses for infection prevention/reduction or related uses and does not include particulate filtration claims. (medscape.com)

Filtration is a separation technique used to concentrate or purify substances based on their physical or chemical properties. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Get full access to Progress in Filtration and Separation and 60K+ other titles, with free 10-day trial of O'Reilly. (oreilly.com)
Get Progress in Filtration and Separation now with the O'Reilly learning platform. (oreilly.com)
Paints And Inks American Melt Blown and Filtration manufactures cartridges and media's specifically designed for manufacturing and separation of paints and inks in your environment. (americanmeltblown.com)

Camping Survival offers the ultimate water filtration solution. (campingsurvival.com)
Slow sand filtration is a long-established technique for improving the biological and physical quality of water. (warwick.ac.uk)
This all-in-one chemical filtration media removes organic waste, toxic gases, water discoloration, foul odors and phenols in fresh and saltwater aquariums. (petmountain.com)
Public water filtration is a very promising growth area for Pall," says Dmitry Silversteyn, an analyst at Longbow Research, an independent research firm. (crainsnewyork.com)
Whether you're after a more comprehensive cleaning experience or have allergies, the best water filtration vacuum work more efficiently than traditional vacuums. (gadgetreview.com)
Keep reading our best water filtration vacuum guide to learn more. (gadgetreview.com)
The Kalorik Water Filtration Canister is an easy-to-use vacuum cleaner that traps all dust and dirt particles in water and is easily maneuverable thanks to its four caster wheels. (gadgetreview.com)
Food And Beverage AMBF manufactures nominal pre filtration and absolute rated fully rinsed up to 18 mega ohm water contracted in a clean room environment offering you a quality filter. (americanmeltblown.com)
Radon in well water filtration - sharon, mass. (h2ocare.com)
H2O Care is an established full service water filtration and testing organization, originally formed in 1989. (h2ocare.com)

A typical example is the filtration of polymers. (bekaert.com)

Here's a short explanation of the main differences between these two types of filtration. (bekaert.com)

This cake formation can increase the filtration efficiency, as finer particles are retained in the dense cake. (bekaert.com)
These bags offer filtration efficiency of up to 99.9%, and they provide up to 35 square feet of surface area for extremely high dirt loading capacity. (chemicalonline.com)

Fully fluorinated perfluoropolymer yarns and fibers made from Hyflon® MFA® are a unique product for high-performance filtration. (solvay.com)
Metal fibers provide a solution for numerous filtration applications - including nano filtration - that other materials can't match . (bekaert.com)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development is hosting a web summit June 12-13 (11:30-4:00, ET each day) to share information on what we know about the effectiveness of air filtration methods to improve indoor air quality during wildland fire episodes. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of apheresis (double-filtration plasmapheresis-DFPP-) in symptomatic and/or severe cryoglobulinemias. (bvsalud.org)

Download our catalog for an at-a-glance overview of our filtration solutions. (townerfiltration.com)

Filtration of coffee through a PTFE syringe filter was the only sample preparation. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Due to the characteristics of the dust generated from iron or titanium metals as well as from aluminum, carbon, chemical substances, silica, plastics, and other weld fumes, continuous filtration is required to maintain compliant indoor air quality levels. (aafintl.com)

WASP Power and Filtration Solutions - innovative and trusted. (datacentreworld.com)
Our chemical intermediate product filtration solutions support the flavor, fragrance, and biotechnology industries to separate liquid/liquid dispersions. (pall.com)
Manufacturer Details for Air Filtration Solutions Ltd. (cdc.gov)
Providing you the tools for powerful & effective filtration solutions. (unitedfiltration.com)

That is good news for the world's largest filtration company, East Hills, L.I.-based Pall Corp. (crainsnewyork.com)

Depending on the filtration method applied, particles or molecules are separated based on properties such as size, shape or charge. (sigmaaldrich.com)
As its name suggests, with surface filtration the particles are stopped at the surface layer of the filter medium. (bekaert.com)

Utilizing a multi-layer, graded density design, Series 500 bags provide progressive levels of finer and finer filtration. (chemicalonline.com)

For over 45 years, Bekaert has developed and expanded its knowledge and experience of metal fiber filtration media and their applications. (bekaert.com)
The filtration R&D team is supported by three global R&D competence centers , one of which focuses on metal fiber filtration media. (bekaert.com)
Bekaert's metal fiber filtration media are suitable for both in-depth filtration and surface filtration. (bekaert.com)
Filtration Media AMBF manufactures Polypropylene, Polyester and Nylon Medias in many different grades and efficiency's. (americanmeltblown.com)

Towner Filtration is considered an Essential Business as we supply and support industry used to combat the COVID-19 Coronavirus and sell to critical industries including Oil & Gas, Food & Beverage as well as Pharmaceutical & Chemical. (townerfiltration.com)

While the acquisition helped make Pall the largest supplier of filtration equipment to the food and beverage industry, it came at a terrific cost. (crainsnewyork.com)
Crossflow filtration - environmentally-friendly caustic recycling for the food and beverage industry. (handtmann.de)

In surface filtration, the cake formation will cause an increasing pressure drop across the filter. (bekaert.com)

The second session focused on filtration and prioritization, assessment, peer review and dissemination. (bvsalud.org)

Porvair Filtration Group's Boise Division in Idaho has achieved ISO 9001:2015 certification, demonstrating its commitment to exceptional quality, customer service and the drive for continuous improvement. (emsnow.com)

Industrial AMBF understands in today's world, Industrial Environments required specialized customer service and filtration that will withstand heavy application use. (americanmeltblown.com)

Our experts will guide you to the best filtration solution to improve the indoor air quality in your facility. (aafintl.com)
We take Indoor Air Quality seriously, it's a core part of our whole-home approach to everything we do so we know how important Air Filtration in Golf, FL is. (palmairac.com)

Tfi Filtration (India) Pvt. (tradeindia.com)
Filtration Technik India Pvt.Ltd. (filtrationtechnik.in)

Chemical filtration supplements biological and mechanical filtration in order to keep your reptile tank clean, clear, and healthy. (petmountain.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Minimizing filtration surgery failure. (who.int)
Minimizing filtration surgery failure. (who.int)

Filtration is used in dissolution testing to end the dissolution process and prepare the sample for HPLC analysis. (sigmaaldrich.com)

SAN FRANCISCO (KRON) - The Bay Area Air Quality Management District announced today the expansion of the Clean Air Filtration Program, which will provide portable air filtration units to unhoused and low-income residents in impacted communities as well as to emergency and cooling centers Bay Area-wide. (kron4.com)

Anatomy24

Organisms10

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs85

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment64

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care13

Improved antibody detection by the use of range expansion and longer filter wavelength in a low ionic strength-protamine sulphate Auto-Analyzer system. (1/1800)

The effect of the antiscatter grid on full-field digital mammography phantom images. (2/1800)

Computed radiography dual energy subtraction: performance evaluation when detecting low-contrast lung nodules in an anthropomorphic phantom. (3/1800)

Filter-based coded-excitation system for high-speed ultrasonic imaging. (4/1800)

Comparison of five methods of malaria detection in the outpatient setting. (5/1800)

Nitrate removal in closed-system aquaculture by columnar denitrification. (6/1800)

Filter ventilation and nicotine content of tobacco in cigarettes from Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (7/1800)

Effects of Aspergillus fumigatus culture filtrate on antifungal activity of human phagocytes in vitro. (8/1800)

Filtration

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Chromatography, Gel

Molecular Weight

Kidney

Chromatography, Ion Exchange

Creatinine

Kidney Function Tests

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Inulin

Glomerular Filtration Barrier

Kidney Diseases

Kidney Glomerulus

Renal Circulation

Filtering Surgery

Kinetics

Amino Acids

Cystatin C

Micropore Filters

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Ultrafiltration

Chromatography

Chromatography, Affinity

Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate

Albuminuria

Iothalamic Acid

Substrate Specificity

Proteinuria

Isoelectric Focusing

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose

Podocytes

Kidney Failure, Chronic

Kidney Tubules

Amino Acid Sequence

Natriuresis

Isoelectric Point

Nephrons

Molecular Sequence Data

Diuresis

Blood Pressure

Macromolecular Substances

Renal Insufficiency

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Rabbits

Renal Plasma Flow

Ultracentrifugation

Carbohydrates

Cattle

Capillary Permeability

Immunodiffusion

Cystatins

Diabetic Nephropathies

Water Microbiology

Chemistry

Sodium

Escherichia coli

Temperature

Chemical Phenomena

Time Factors

Aminohippuric Acids

Electrophoresis, Disc

Edetic Acid

Solubility

Radioisotope Renography

Protein Binding

Rats, Inbred Strains

Iohexol

Chemical Precipitation

Methods

Centrifugation, Density Gradient

Punctures

Hot Temperature

Ammonium Sulfate

Water Purification

Nephrectomy

Chromatography, Agarose

Dogs

Biological Markers

Hydrostatic Pressure