Fibroblast growth factors. Medical search

A single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. Several different forms of the human protein exist ranging from 18-24 kDa in size due to the use of alternative start sites within the fgf-2 gene. It has a 55 percent amino acid residue identity to FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1 and has potent heparin-binding activity. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages. It was originally named basic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from acidic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1).

A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.

Specific molecular sites or structures on cell membranes that react with FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS (both the basic and acidic forms), their analogs, or their antagonists to elicit or to inhibit the specific response of the cell to these factors. These receptors frequently possess tyrosine kinase activity.

A 17-kDa single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. It binds to HEPARIN, which potentiates its biological activity and protects it from proteolysis. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages, and also has chemotactic and mitogenic activities. It was originally named acidic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from basic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2).

A fibroblast growth factor receptor with specificity for FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS; HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN; and NEURONAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULES. Several variants of the receptor exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is a tyrosine kinase that transmits signals through the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM.

A fibroblast growth factor receptor that is found in two isoforms. One receptor isoform is found in the MESENCHYME and is activated by FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2. A second isoform of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 is found mainly in EPITHELIAL CELLS and is activated by FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 7 and FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 10. Mutation of the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 can result in craniosynostotic syndromes (e.g., APERT SYNDROME; and CROUZON SYNDROME).

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

A fibroblast growth factor receptor that regulates CHONDROCYTE growth and CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Mutations in the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 have been associated with ACHONDROPLASIA; THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA and NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION.

A fibroblast growth factor that is a mitogen for KERATINOCYTES. It activates FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2B and is involved in LUNG and limb development.

A fibroblast growth factor receptor that is mainly expressed in LUNG; KIDNEY; PANCREAS; and SPLEEN. It also plays an important role in SKELETAL MUSCLE development and can contribute to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION.

A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.

A fibroblast growth factor that was originally identified as a mitogen for GLIAL CELLS. It is expressed primarily in NEURONS.

A HEPARIN binding fibroblast growth factor that may play a role in LIMB BUDS development.

A fibroblast growth factor that is a specific mitogen for EPITHELIAL CELLS. It binds a complex of HEPARAN SULFATE and FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2B.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as "tumor angiogenesis factor" and "vascular permeability factor". Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A fibroblast growth factor that preferentially activates FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 4. It was initially identified as an androgen-induced growth factor and plays a role in regulating growth of human BREAST NEOPLASMS and PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication.

A fibroblast growth factor that may play a role in regulation of HAIR FOLLICLE phenotype. Spontaneous mutation of the gene for this protein results in a strain of MICE with abnormally long hair, referred to as angora mice.

A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF-related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; AMPHIREGULIN; and HEPARIN-BINDING EGF-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.

These growth factors are soluble mitogens secreted by a variety of organs. The factors are a mixture of two single chain polypeptides which have affinity to heparin. Their molecular weight are organ and species dependent. They have mitogenic and chemotactic effects and can stimulate endothelial cells to grow and synthesize DNA. The factors are related to both the basic and acidic FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS but have different amino acid sequences.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

A class of cellular receptors that have an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE activity.

A family of angiogenic proteins that are closely-related to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A. They play an important role in the growth and differentiation of vascular as well as lymphatic endothelial cells.

Hormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal, non-transformed cells. They have been found in culture fluids from retrovirally transformed cells and in tumor-derived cells as well as in non-neoplastic sources. Their transforming activities are due to the simultaneous action of two otherwise unrelated factors, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A fibroblast growth factor that is expressed primarily during development.

A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on GROWTH HORMONE. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.

Multifunctional growth factor which regulates both cell growth and cell motility. It exerts a strong mitogenic effect on hepatocytes and primary epithelial cells. Its receptor is PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-MET.

Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A fibroblast growth factor that was initially identified based on its sequence similarity to FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 4. It is found in MYOBLASTS and plays an important role in MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT.

Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity.

An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.

The development of new BLOOD VESSELS during the restoration of BLOOD CIRCULATION during the healing process.

A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.

Cell surface receptors that bind growth or trophic factors with high affinity, triggering intracellular responses which influence the growth, differentiation, or survival of cells.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The most divergent of the known fibroblast growth factor receptors. It does not contain an intracellular TYROSINE KINASE domain and has been shown to interact with FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 5 is found primarily in skeletal tissue.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.

A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. Defects in the gene that encodes TGF-beta1 are the cause of CAMURATI-ENGELMANN SYNDROME.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Substances that stimulate mitosis and lymphocyte transformation. They include not only substances associated with LECTINS, but also substances from streptococci (associated with streptolysin S) and from strains of alpha-toxin-producing staphylococci. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Specific receptors on cell membranes that react with PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR, its analogs, or antagonists. The alpha PDGF receptor (RECEPTOR, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA) and the beta PDGF receptor (RECEPTOR, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR BETA) are the two principle types of PDGF receptors. Activation of the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the receptors occurs by ligand-induced dimerization or heterodimerization of PDGF receptor types.

Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

A family of closely related RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES that bind vascular endothelial growth factors. They share a cluster of seven extracellular Ig-like domains which are important for ligand binding. They are highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and are critical for the physiological and pathological growth, development and maintenance of blood and lymphatic vessels.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the LIVER and to circulate in the BLOOD. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like and mitogenic activities. The growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on SOMATOTROPIN. It is believed to be a major fetal growth factor in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I, which is a major growth factor in adults.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Agents that induce or stimulate PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS or PATHOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS.

Ubiquitous macromolecules associated with the cell surface and extracellular matrix of a wide range of cells of vertebrate and invertebrate tissues. They are essential cofactors in cell-matrix adhesion processes, in cell-cell recognition systems, and in receptor-growth factor interactions. (From Cancer Metastasis Rev 1996; 15(2): 177-86; Hepatology 1996; 24(3): 524-32)

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

Culture media containing biologically active components obtained from previously cultured cells or tissues that have released into the media substances affecting certain cell functions (e.g., growth, lysis).

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A 200-230-kDa tyrosine kinase receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors found primarily in endothelial and hematopoietic cells and their precursors. VEGFR-2 is important for vascular and hematopoietic development, and mediates almost all endothelial cell responses to VEGF.

Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHESION; CELL MIGRATION; and EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX synthesis. It is found in hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES where it may play a role in CHONDROGENESIS and endochondral ossification.

Congenital craniostenosis with syndactyly.

A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, GENU VARUM, and trident hand. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM#100800, April 20, 2001)

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the sis gene (GENES, SIS). c-sis proteins make up the B chain of PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR. Overexpression of c-sis causes tumorigenesis.

A 180-kDa VEGF receptor found primarily in endothelial cells that is essential for vasculogenesis and vascular maintenance. It is also known as Flt-1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1). A soluble, alternatively spliced isoform of the receptor may serve as a binding protein that regulates the availability of various ligands for VEGF receptor binding and signal transduction.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Cell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. Two types of transforming growth factor receptors have been recognized. They differ in affinity for different members of the transforming growth factor beta family and in cellular mechanisms of action.

CULTURE MEDIA free of serum proteins but including the minimal essential substances required for cell growth. This type of medium avoids the presence of extraneous substances that may affect cell proliferation or unwanted activation of cells.

A severe form of neonatal dwarfism with very short limbs. All cases have died at birth or later in the neonatal period.

A 44-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that may play a role the initiation and regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. It phosphorylates a number of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS.

An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.

Cellular signaling in which a factor secreted by a cell affects other cells in the local environment. This term is often used to denote the action of INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS on surrounding cells.

A PDGF receptor that binds specifically to the PDGF-B chain. It contains a protein-tyrosine kinase activity that is involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Autosomal dominant CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS with shallow ORBITS; EXOPHTHALMOS; and maxillary hypoplasia.

A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

A CELL LINE derived from a PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA of the rat ADRENAL MEDULLA. PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, making the line a useful model system for NERVE CELL differentiation.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

Insulin-like polypeptides made by the liver and some fibroblasts and released into the blood when stimulated by SOMATOTROPIN. They cause sulfate incorporation into collagen, RNA, and DNA synthesis, which are prerequisites to cell division and growth of the organism.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Cell surface receptors that bind NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; (NGF) and a NGF-related family of neurotrophic factors that includes neurotrophins, BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR and CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A PDGF receptor that binds specifically to both PDGF-A chains and PDGF-B chains. It contains a protein-tyrosine kinase activity that is involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A continuous cell line of high contact-inhibition established from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures. The cells are useful for DNA transfection and transformation studies. (From ATCC [Internet]. Virginia: American Type Culture Collection; c2002 [cited 2002 Sept 26]. Available from http://www.atcc.org/)

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

Mode of communication wherein a bound hormone affects the function of the cell type that produced the hormone.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals.

A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.

Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.

A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

A TGF-beta subtype that was originally identified as a GLIOBLASTOMA-derived factor which inhibits the antigen-dependent growth of both helper and CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta2 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor.

A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is closely related in structure to the INSULIN RECEPTOR. Although commonly referred to as the IGF-I receptor, it binds both IGF-I and IGF-II with high affinity. It is comprised of a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits which are derived from cleavage of a single precursor protein. The beta subunit contains an intrinsic tyrosine kinase domain.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A TGF-beta subtype that plays role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during embryonic development. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta3 and TGF-beta3 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Venous vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the mother to the FETUS via the PLACENTA. In humans, there is normally one umbilical vein.

Polymorphic cells that form cartilage.

Cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptors for HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR. They consist of an extracellular alpha chain which is disulfide-linked to the transmembrane beta chain. The cytoplasmic portion contains the catalytic domain and sites critical for the regulation of kinase activity. Mutations of the gene for PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-MET are associated with papillary renal carcinoma and other neoplasia.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Agents and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels.

The most common form of fibrillar collagen. It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and SKIN and consists of a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

The farthest or outermost projections of the body, such as the HAND and FOOT.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

An extra-embryonic membranous sac derived from the YOLK SAC of REPTILES; BIRDS; and MAMMALS. It lies between two other extra-embryonic membranes, the AMNION and the CHORION. The allantois serves to store urinary wastes and mediate exchange of gas and nutrients for the developing embryo.

FGF8 induces formation of an ectopic isthmic organizer and isthmocerebellar development via a repressive effect on Otx2 expression. (1/3896)

Beads containing recombinant FGF8 (FGF8-beads) were implanted in the prospective caudal diencephalon or midbrain of chick embryos at stages 9-12. This induced the neuroepithelium rostral and caudal to the FGF8-bead to form two ectopic, mirror-image midbrains. Furthermore, cells in direct contact with the bead formed an outgrowth that protruded laterally from the neural tube. Tissue within such lateral outgrowths developed proximally into isthmic nuclei and distally into a cerebellum-like structure. These morphogenetic effects were apparently due to FGF8-mediated changes in gene expression in the vicinity of the bead, including a repressive effect on Otx2 and an inductive effect on En1, Fgf8 and Wnt1 expression. The ectopic Fgf8 and Wnt1 expression domains formed nearly complete concentric rings around the FGF8-bead, with the Wnt1 ring outermost. These observations suggest that FGF8 induces the formation of a ring-like ectopic signaling center (organizer) in the lateral wall of the brain, similar to the one that normally encircles the neural tube at the isthmic constriction, which is located at the boundary between the prospective midbrain and hindbrain. This ectopic isthmic organizer apparently sends long-range patterning signals both rostrally and caudally, resulting in the development of the two ectopic midbrains. Interestingly, our data suggest that these inductive signals spread readily in a caudal direction, but are inhibited from spreading rostrally across diencephalic neuromere boundaries. These results provide insights into the mechanism by which FGF8 induces an ectopic organizer and suggest that a negative feedback loop between Fgf8 and Otx2 plays a key role in patterning the midbrain and anterior hindbrain. (+info)

Increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 in human breast cancer. (2/3896)

Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) is an important developmental protein which is oncogenic and able to cooperate with wnt-1 to produce mouse mammary carcinoma. The level of expression of FGF8 mRNA was measured in 68 breast cancers and 24 non-malignant breast tissues. Elevated levels of FGF8 mRNA were found in malignant compared to non-malignant breast tissues with significantly more malignant tissues expressing FGF8 (P=0.019) at significantly higher levels (P=0.031). In situ hybridization of breast cancer tissues and analysis of purified populations of normal epithelial cells and breast cancer cell lines showed that malignant epithelial cells expressed FGF8 mRNA at high levels compared to non-malignant epithelial and myoepithelial cells and fibroblasts. Although two of the receptors which FGF8 binds to (FGFR2-IIIc, FGFR3-IIIc) are not expressed in breast cancer cells, an autocrine activation loop is possible since expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 4 and FGFR1 are retained in malignant epithelial cells. This is the first member of the FGF family to have increased expression in breast cancer and a potential autocrine role in its progression. (+info)

Fibroblast growth factor-8 expression is regulated by intronic engrailed and Pbx1-binding sites. (3/3896)

Fibroblast growth factor-8 (FGF8) plays a critical role in vertebrate development and is expressed normally in temporally and spatially restricted regions of the vertebrate embryo. We now report on the identification of regions of Fgf8 important for its transcriptional regulation in murine ES cell-derived embryoid bodies. Stable transfection of ES cells, using a human growth hormone reporter gene, was employed to identify regions of the Fgf8 gene with promoter/enhancer activity. A 2-kilobase 5' region of Fgf8 was shown to contain promoter activity. A 0.8-kilobase fragment derived from the large intron of Fgf8 was found to enhance human growth hormone expressed from the Fgf8 promoter 3-4-fold in an orientation dependent manner. The intronic fragment contains DNA-binding sites for the AP2, Pbx1, and Engrailed transcription factors. Gel shift and Western blot experiments documented the presence of these transcription factors in nuclear extracts from ES cell embryoid bodies. In vitro mutagenesis of the Engrailed or Pbx1 site demonstrated that these sites modulate the activity of the intronic fragment. In addition, in vitro mutagenesis of both Engrailed and Pbx1 sites indicated that other unidentified sites are responsible for the transcriptional enhancement observed with the intronic fragment. (+info)

Gap junction signalling mediated through connexin-43 is required for chick limb development. (4/3896)

During chick limb development the gap junction protein Connexin-43 (Cx43) is expressed in discrete spatially restricted domains in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and mesenchyme of the zone of polarising activity. Antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) were used to investigate the role of Connexin-43 (Cx43) in the development of the chick limb bud. We have used unmodified ODNs in Pluronic F-127 gel, which is liquid at low temperature but sets at room temperature and so remains situated at the point of application. As a mild surfactant, the gel increases antisense ODN penetration and supplies ODNs to the embryo continually for 12-18 h. We have shown a strong decrease in Cx43 protein expression after application of specific antisense oligonucleotides but the abundance of a closely related protein, Connexin-32 (Cx32), was not affected. Application of antisense Cx43 ODNs at stages 8-15 HH before limb outgrowth resulted in dramatic limb phenotypes. About 40% of treated embryos exhibited defects such as truncation of the limb bud, fragmentation into two or more domains, or complete splitting of the limb bud into two or three branches. Molecular analysis of antisense treated embryos failed to detect Shh or Bmp-2 in anterior structures and suggested that extra lobes seen in nicked and split limbs were not a result of establishment of new signalling centres as found after the application of FGF to the flank. However, examination of markers for the AER showed a number of abnormalities. In severely truncated specimens we were unable to detect the expression of either Fgf-4 or Fgf-8. In both nicked and split limbs the expression of these genes was discontinuous. Down-regulation of Cx43 after the antisense application could be comparable to AER removal and results in distal truncation of the limb bud. Taken together these data suggest the existence of a feedback loop between the FGFs and signalling mediated by Cx43. (+info)

derriere: a TGF-beta family member required for posterior development in Xenopus. (5/3896)

TGF-beta signaling plays a key role in induction of the Xenopus mesoderm and endoderm. Using a yeast-based selection scheme, we isolated derriere, a novel TGF-beta family member that is closely related to Vg1 and that is required for normal mesodermal patterning, particularly in posterior regions of the embryo. Unlike Vg1, derriere is expressed zygotically, with RNA localized to the future endoderm and mesoderm by late blastula, and to the posterior mesoderm by mid-gastrula. The derriere expression pattern appears to be identical to the zygotic expression domain of VegT (Xombi, Brat, Antipodean), and can be activated by VegT as well as fibroblast growth factor (FGF). In turn, derriere activates expression of itself, VegT and eFGF, suggesting that a regulatory loop exists between these genes. derriere is a potent mesoderm and endoderm inducer, acting in a dose-dependent fashion. When misexpressed ventrally, derriere induces a secondary axis lacking a head, an effect that is due to dorsalization of the ventral marginal zone. When misexpressed dorsally, derriere suppresses head formation. derriere can also posteriorize neurectoderm, but appears to do so indirectly. Together, these data suggest that derriere expression is compatible only with posterior fates. In order to assess the in vivo function of derriere, we constructed a dominant interfering Derriere protein (Cm-Derriere), which preferentially blocks Derriere activity relative to that of other TGFbeta family members. Cm-derriere expression in embryos leads to posterior truncation, including defects in blastopore lip formation, gastrulation and neural tube closure. Normal expression of anterior and hindbrain markers is observed; however, paraxial mesodermal gene expression is ablated. This phenotype can be rescued by wild-type derriere and by VegT. Our findings indicate that derriere plays a crucial role in mesodermal patterning and development of posterior regions in Xenopus. (+info)

adrift, a novel bnl-induced Drosophila gene, required for tracheal pathfinding into the CNS. (6/3896)

Neurons and glial cells provide guidance cues for migrating neurons. We show here that migrating epithelial cells also contact specific neurons and glia during their pathfinding, and we describe the first gene required in the process. In wild-type Drosophila embryos, the ganglionic tracheal branch navigates a remarkably complex path along specific neural and glial substrata, switching substrata five times before reaching its ultimate target in the CNS. In adrift mutants, ganglionic branches migrate normally along the intersegmental nerve, but sporadically fail to switch to the segmental nerve and enter the CNS; they wind up meandering along the ventral epidermis instead. adrift encodes a novel nuclear protein with an evolutionarily conserved motif. The gene is required in the trachea and is expressed in the leading cells of migrating ganglionic branches where it is induced by the branchless FGF pathway. We propose that Adrift regulates expression of tracheal genes required for pathfinding on the segmental nerve, and FGF induction of adrift expression in migrating tracheal cells promotes the switch from the intersegmental to the segmental nerve. (+info)

Nuclear matrix targeting of the protein kinase CK2 signal as a common downstream response to androgen or growth factor stimulation of prostate cancer cells. (7/3896)

Protein kinase CK2, a messenger-independent serine/threonine kinase, has been implicated in cell growth. Androgenic stimulus in rat prostate modulates its association with nuclear matrix (NM) and chromatin. Because the growth of human prostate carcinoma cells is influenced by androgens and/or growth factors, we determined the nature of CK2 signaling in the NM in response to androgen and growth factor stimuli. Androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-insensitive PC-3 cells were cultured in media to regulate their growth in the presence of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT) or growth factors (epidermal growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor alpha). The activity of CK2 was measured in the cytosolic and NM fractions isolated from these cells after treatment with growth stimuli. The changes in CK2 in various fractions were also confirmed by immunoblotting with a specific antibody. LNCaP cells responded to both 5alpha-DHT and growth factors for growth. The presence of these agents in the culture medium evoked a translocation of CK2 to the NM from the cytosol. The PC-3 cells did not respond to 5alpha-DHT for growth but did respond to growth factors. Under these conditions, there was also a translocation of CK2 to the NM concomitant with a decrease in the cytosolic fraction. These results suggest that CK2 translocation to the NM occurs in response to various growth stimuli in cells in culture. Thus, CK2 is a common downstream signal transducer in response to diverse growth stimuli that may relate to the pathobiology of prostate cancer cells. (+info)

FGF8 functions in the specification of the right body side of the chick. (8/3896)

Left-right asymmetry in vertebrate embryos is first recognisable using molecular markers that encode secreted proteins or transcription factors. The asymmetry becomes morphologically obvious in the turning of the embryo and in the development of the heart, the gut and other visceral organs. In the chick embryo, a signalling pathway for the specification of the left body side was demonstrated. Here, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein is the first asymmetric signal identified in the node [1] [2]. Further downstream in this pathway are the left-specific genes nodal, lefty-1, lefty-2 and Pitx2 [1] [3] [4] [5]. On the right body side, a function of the activin pathway is indicated by the right-sided expression of cActRIIa [1] [6]. We detected that another key molecule in vertebrate development, fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) [7] [8], is expressed asymmetrically on the right side of the posterior node. We demonstrate that transcription of FGF8 is induced by activin and the FGF8 protein inhibits the expression of nodal and Pitx2 and leads to expression of the chicken snail related gene (cSnR) [9]. Left-sided application of FGF8 randomises the direction of heart looping. (+info)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fibroblast growth factors (FGF). Fibroblast+Growth+Factors at the US National Library of ... "acidic fibroblast growth factor" (FGF1) and "basic fibroblast growth factor" (FGF2). These proteins had a high degree of ... FGF1 is also known as acidic fibroblast growth factor, and FGF2 is also known as basic fibroblast growth factor. Members FGF11 ... They have been alternately referred to as "pluripotent" growth factors and as "promiscuous" growth factors due to their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor

... (FGF23) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF23 gene. FGF23 is a member of the ... "Entrez Gene: FGF23 fibroblast growth factor 23". Huang CL (May 2010). "Regulation of ion channels by secreted Klotho: ... January 2003). "Human fibroblast growth factor-23 mutants suppress Na+-dependent phosphate co-transport activity and 1alpha,25- ... Fukagawa M, Nii-Kono T, Kazama JJ (July 2005). "Role of fibroblast growth factor 23 in health and in chronic kidney disease". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_23

"Role of fibroblast growth factor 8 in growth and progression of hormonal cancer". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 18 (3-4): ... May 2001). "Enhanced invasion and tumor growth of fibroblast growth factor 8b-overexpressing MCF-7 human breast cancer cells". ... Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF-8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF8 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is ... "Entrez Gene: FGF8 fibroblast growth factor 8 (androgen-induced)". Harris WA, Sanes DH, Reh TA (2011). Development of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_8

Fibroblast growth factor 2, also known as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and FGF-β, is a growth factor and signaling ... Ribatti D, Vacca A, Rusnati M, Presta M (2007). "The discovery of basic fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor-2 and ... Angiogenesis Anxiety disorders Cytokine Fibroblast growth factor Growth factor Proteases in angiogenesis Receptor (biochemistry ... Heparin-binding growth factor-2; and Endothelial cell growth factor-2. Gene sequencing revealed that this group is the same ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_fibroblast_growth_factor

... see also Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4) (= CD334) FGFRL1 (see also Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1) FGFR6 The ... see also Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) (= CD331) FGFR2 (see also Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) (= CD332) FGFR3 ( ... These receptors bind fibroblast growth factors, members of the largest family of growth factor ligands, comprising 22 members. ... The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are, as their name implies, receptors that bind to members of the fibroblast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor

FGFR2 is a receptor for fibroblast growth factor. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor ... "Entrez Gene: FGFR2 fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (bacteria-expressed kinase, keratinocyte growth factor receptor, ... Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) also known as CD332 (cluster of differentiation 332) is a protein that in humans is ... Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 has been shown to interact with FGF1. The spliced isoforms, however differ in binding: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2

... (FGFR1), also known as basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, fms-related tyrosine ... FGFR1 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, which in addition to FGFR1, includes FGFR2, FGFR3, ... There are four other members of the FGFR1 gene family: FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, and Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 ( ... neoplasms with eosinophil such as those caused by Platelet-derived growth factor receptor A or platelet-derived growth factor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_1

... has been shown to interact with FGF8 and FGF9. Cluster of differentiation Fibroblast growth ... Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFR3 gene. FGFR3 has also been designated as ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, where amino acid sequence is ... Hernández S, Toll A, Baselga E, Ribé A, Azua-Romeo J, Pujol RM, Real FX (July 2007). "Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_3

1993). "Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 is a high affinity receptor for both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor but ... 1996). "Chimeric molecules between keratinocyte growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor define domains that confer ... 1992). "A radiation hybrid map of 18 growth factor, growth factor receptor, hormone receptor, or neurotransmitter receptor ... Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFR4 gene. FGFR4 has also been designated as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_4

Fibroblast growth factor signaling during early vertebrate development. Endocr Rev 26(1):63-77. 10. Halpern ME, Ho RK, Walker C ... Fibroblast growth factor contributes to this process not only by promoting mesoderm formation, but also by inhibiting ... This article is about the role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Mesoderm Formation. Mesoderm formation is a complex ... fibroblast growth factor (FGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and Wnt, to achieve the induction, specification, formation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_and_mesoderm_formation

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFRL1 gene. The protein encoded by this ... "Entrez Gene: FGFRL1 fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1". Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to ... 2001). "A novel fibroblast growth factor receptor-5 preferentially expressed in the pancreas(1)". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1518 ... The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor-like_1

Fibroblast growth factor 15 is a protein in mouse encoded by the Fgf15 gene. It is a member of the fibroblast growth factor ( ... "Mouse FGF15 fibroblast growth factor 15". Jones SA (2012). Physiology of FGF15/19. Advances in Experimental Medicine and ... McWhirter JR, Goulding M, Weiner JA, Chun J, Murre C (Sep 1997). "A novel fibroblast growth factor gene expressed in the ... Potthoff MJ, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ (Feb 2012). "Endocrine fibroblast growth factors 15/19 and 21: from feast to famine". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF15

Fibroblast growth factor 22 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FGF22 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a ... "Entrez Gene: Fibroblast growth factor 22". This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, ... "Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family. The complete mammalian FGF family". The Journal of Biological ... member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF22

Fibroblast growth factor 20 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FGF20 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a ... "Entrez Gene: Fibroblast growth factor 20". This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, ... member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, ... tumor growth and invasion. This gene was shown to be expressed in normal brain, particularly the cerebellum. The rat homolog is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF20

Fibroblast growth factor 16 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FGF16 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a ... "Entrez Gene: Fibroblast growth factor 16". Jamsheer A, Zemojtel T, Kolanczyk M, Stricker S, Hecht J, Krawitz P, Doelken SC, ... on the fibroblast growth factor family". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 243 (1): 148-52. doi:10.1006/bbrc ... member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF16

"Fibroblast growth factor signalling in the hair growth cycle: expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor and ligand ... "Fibroblast growth factor 5 proto-oncogene is expressed in normal human fibroblasts and induced by serum growth factors". ... "Vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 5 are colocalized in vascular and avascular epiretinal ... Ota Y, Saitoh Y, Suzuki S, Ozawa K, Kawano M, Imamura T (January 2002). "Fibroblast growth factor 5 inhibits hair growth by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF5

Fibroblast growth factor 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF17 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a ... "Entrez Gene: FGF17 fibroblast growth factor 17". Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two ... Popovici C, Conchonaud F, Birnbaum D, Roubin R (2004). "Functional phylogeny relates LET-756 to fibroblast growth factor 9". J ... activity and expression of fibroblast growth factor 17". Mech. Dev. 83 (1-2): 165-78. doi:10.1016/S0925-4773(99)00034-9. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF17

Translokin binds basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2; MIM 134920) and mediates its nuclear translocation and mitogenic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEP57

Hu MC, Wang YP, Qiu WR (1999). "Human fibroblast growth factor-18 stimulates fibroblast cell proliferation and is mapped to ... Fibroblast growth factor 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF18 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a ... "Entrez Gene: FGF18 fibroblast growth factor 18". Davidson, D.; Blanc, A.; Filion, D.; Wang, H.; Plut, P.; Pfeffer, G.; ... FGF18 signals through fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR3 to promote chondrogenesis and has been shown to cause thickening ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF18

"Entrez Gene: FGF6 fibroblast growth factor 6". Vainikka S, Partanen J, Bellosta P, et al. (1992). "Fibroblast growth factor ... Fibroblast growth factor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF6 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a ... 1989). "Characterization of the HST-related FGF.6 gene, a new member of the fibroblast growth factor gene family". Oncogene. 4 ... Popovici C, Conchonaud F, Birnbaum D, Roubin R (2004). "Functional phylogeny relates LET-756 to fibroblast growth factor 9". J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF6

September 2016). "Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) autocrine enhance breast ... "The human gallbladder secretes fibroblast growth factor 19 into bile: towards defining the role of fibroblast growth factor 19 ... Fibroblast growth factor 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF19 gene. It functions as a hormone, regulating ... "Entrez Gene: FGF19 fibroblast growth factor 19". Jones SA (2012). "Physiology of FGF15/19". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. Advances in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF19

"Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) homologous factors: new members of the FGF family implicated in nervous system development". ... Fibroblast growth factor 14 is a biologically active protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF14 gene. The protein encoded ... "Entrez Gene: FGF14 fibroblast growth factor 14". Wang, Lusheng; Jing, Rongrong; Wang, Xing; Wang, Baohui; Guo, Keke; Zhao, ... 2006). "Fibroblast growth factor 14 is an intracellular modulator of voltage-gated sodium channels". J. Physiol. 569 (Pt 1): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF14

"Differential effects of fibroblast growth factor-4, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta1 on functional ... effects of fibroblast growth factors on expression of genes of the plasminogen activator and insulin-like growth factor systems ... Fibroblast growth factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a ... Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 is a protein coding gene, meaning it's a structural protein molecule. The biological role that FGF4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF4

2003). "Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) homologous factors share structural but not functional homology with FGFs". J. Biol. ... 2003). "Modulation of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 by fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 1B". J. Biol. Chem. 278 ( ... Schoorlemmer J, Goldfarb M (2001). "Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors are intracellular signaling proteins". Curr. ... "Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) homologous factors: new members of the FGF family implicated in nervous system development". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF12

Szebenyi G, Fallon JF (1999). "Fibroblast growth factors as multifunctional signaling factors". Int. Rev. Cytol. International ... It is well known that fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) bind heparin with relatively high affinity. HSPGs have also been shown ... Growth in culture and anchorage-independent growth were inhibited in SFRP1-expressing UMRC3 cells. The growth-inhibitory ... the key factor, vascular endothelial growth factor. The regulation of the EC cytoskeleton is critical to EC spreading and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secreted_frizzled-related_protein_1

2005). "Fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 2B: association with Nav1.6 and selective colocalization at nodes of Ranvier ... 1999). "Fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 2 (FHF2): gene structure, expression and mapping to the Börjeson-Forssman- ... Schoorlemmer J, Goldfarb M (2003). "Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors and the islet brain-2 scaffold protein regulate ... Munoz-Sanjuan I, Smallwood PM, Nathans J (2000). "Isoform diversity among fibroblast growth factor homologous factors is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF13

"Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 16 (2): 139-149. doi:10.1016/j. ... In mice, one gene known to regulate limb growth is prx1, which encodes a transcription factor. The expression patterns of prx1 ... De Luca F, Barnes KM, Uyeda JA, De-Levi S, Abad V, Palese T, Mericq V, Baron J (2001). "Regulation of growth plate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_wing_development

... insulin-like growth factor 1, human growth hormone, myostatin, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, ... The same is true of fibroblast growth factor. Glucagon-like peptide-1 increases the amount of glucose in the liver and has been ... Insulin-like growth factor 1 is a protein involved in the mediation of the growth hormone. Administration of IGF-1 to mice has ... created by administering a virus carrying the gene expressing insulin-like growth factor 1 to mice; the mice were stronger and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_doping

Fibroblast growth factor receptor oncogene partner 2 (FGFR1OP2) was identified in a study on myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS ... The protein encoded by the FGFR1 gene belongs to the fibroblast growth factor receptor family. FGFRs usually contain an ... FGFR1OP2, when fused with the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), is shown to cause myeloproliferative syndrome. ... Ornitz, DM; Xu (1996). "Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (25 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGFR1OP2

... and in fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2. CATH Architecture "Beta Trefoil" Murzin AG, Lesk AM, Chothia C (Jan 1992). "β-trefoil ... patterns of structure and sequence in the kunitz inhibitors interleukins-1β and 1α and fibroblast growth factors". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_trefoil_fold

Each subunit has three different structural domains: a short N-terminal epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain; an α-helical ... Presence of gene is found in the chorionic plate, in the amnion epithelium, syncytiotrophoblasts, villous fibroblasts, ... Callan OH, So OY, Swinney DC (February 1996). "The kinetic factors that determine the affinity and selectivity for slow binding ... is a key factor regulating the activity of PGHS-2 and its response to PTGS (COX) inhibitors. PTGS2 (COX-2) is unexpressed under ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin-endoperoxide_synthase_2

... in particular the role of factors produced by myeloid cells and fibroblasts in mediating resistance to VEGF inhibitors.[ ... At Genentech, he discovered VEGF-and made the first anti-VEGF antibody-which suppresses growth of a variety of tumors. These ... which prevents the growth of new blood vessels into a solid tumor and which has become part of standard treatment for a variety ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleone_Ferrara

Haller O, Kochs G, Weber F (October-December 2007). "Interferon, Mx, and viral countermeasures". Cytokine & Growth Factor ... They are produced by fibroblasts and monocytes. However, the production of type I IFN-α is inhibited by another cytokine known ... As a result, an IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex forms-this contains STAT1, STAT2 and a third transcription factor ... They described these observations in a 1959 publication, naming the responsible factor viral inhibitory factor (VIF). It took ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

There are three "growth factor" repeats; A, B and C. A and B are closely linked while C is separated by the YWTD repeat region ... "Monensin interrupts the recycling of low density lipoprotein receptors in human fibroblasts". Cell. 24 (2): 493-502. doi: ... Beyond this, exons 2-6 code the ligand binding region; 7-14 code the epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain; 15 codes the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL_receptor

That this process is a contributing factor to spontaneous biophoton emission has been indicated by studies demonstrating that ... Niggli HJ (May 1993). "Artificial sunlight irradiation induces ultraweak photon emission in human skin fibroblasts". Journal of ... of ultraweak light have also been used to detect the bioluminescence produced by yeast cells at the onset of their growth. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophoton

It is a member of the DOCK-D subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which function as ... Dock11 is expressed at lower levels in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, C2C12 myoblasts and Neuro-2A neuroblastoma cells. Dock11 mRNA has ... "Differential gene expression of p27Kip1 and Rb knockout pituitary tumors associated with altered growth and angiogenesis". Cell ... "Identification of a DOCK180-related guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is capable of mediating a positive feedback ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dock11

Growth Factor Reviews. 14 (2): 155-74. doi:10.1016/S1359-6101(03)00002-9. PMID 12651226. Rickel EA, Siegel LA, Yoon BR, Rottman ... "IL-17E upregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in lung fibroblasts". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical ... "Forced expression of murine IL-17E induces growth retardation, jaundice, a Th2-biased response, and multiorgan inflammation in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_25

Hoben GM, Willard VP, Athanasiou KA (May 2008). "Fibrochondrogenesis of hESCs: Growth Factor Combinations and Cocultures". Stem ... Fibrochondrogenesis alters the normal function of chondrocytes, fibroblasts, metaphyseal cells and others associated with ... The study also included the high rate of consanguinous marriages as a prevailing factor for these disorders, as well as the ... abnormal development of fibroblasts, specialized cells that make up fibrous connective tissue, which plays a role in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrochondrogenesis

Riordan SM, Lidder S, Williams R, Skouteris GG (2000). "The beta-subunit of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF ... Garton AJ, Tonks NK (1999). "Regulation of fibroblast motility by the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST". J. Biol. Chem. ... Modulation by insulin growth factor-I (IGF) and enhanced IGF-I signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (16): 9287-90. doi:10.1074/jbc. ... Karas M, Koval AP, Zick Y, LeRoith D (2001). "The insulin-like growth factor I receptor-induced interaction of insulin receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_molecule_crk

Signals sent between the follicular cells and the oocyte (such as factors similar to epidermal growth factor) cause the ... "Microtubule growth activates Rac1 to promote lamellipodial protrusion in fibroblasts". Nature Cell Biology. 1 (1): 45-50. doi: ... "Modulation of the expression of connective tissue growth factor by alterations of the cytoskeleton". The Journal of Biological ... this relation exists for connective tissue growth factor. Biology portal Microtentacle Orchestrated objective reduction - a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule

Her work led to the ability to isolate permanent trophoblast stem cell lineages using fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Rossant

Chang CJ, Chao JC (April 2002). "Effect of human milk and epidermal growth factor on growth of human intestinal Caco-2 cells". ... C-jun has been shown to be essential for fibroblast proliferation, and levels of both AP-1 subunits have been shown to be ... "The AP-1 transcription factor regulates breast cancer cell growth via cyclins and E2F factors". Oncogene. 27 (3): 366-77. doi: ... The growth factors TGF alpha, TGF beta, and IL2 have all been shown to stimulate c-Fos, and thereby stimulate cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP-1_transcription_factor

... fibroblast growth factor - fibroblast growth factor receptor - fibronectin - Fick's law of diffusion - Filtration - fitness ( ... transforming growth factor - transforming growth factor alpha - transforming growth factor beta - transforming growth factor ... nerve growth factor - nerve growth factor receptor - nerve tissue protein - nerve tissue protein S 100 - nervous system - ... platelet-derived growth factor - platelet-derived growth factor receptor - polymer - polymerase chain reaction - polymerization ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

2001). "The endogenous fibroblast growth factor-2 antisense gene product regulates pituitary cell growth and hormone production ... Sheng Z, Lewis JA, Chirico WJ (2004). "Nuclear and nucleolar localization of 18-kDa fibroblast growth factor-2 is controlled by ... Gagnon ML, Moy GK, Klagsbrun M (Apr 1999). "Characterization of the promoter for the human antisense fibroblast growth factor-2 ... Duplan SM, Théorêt Y, Kenigsberg RL (2002). "Antitumor activity of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) for medulloblastoma may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUDT6

Simha A, Aziz K, Braganza A, Abraham L, Samuel P, Lindsley KB (February 2020). "Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for ... Collagen matrix prevents scarring by randomizing and modulating fibroblast proliferation in addition to mechanically preventing ... "Regulation of FOXC1 stability and transcriptional activity by an epidermal growth factor-activated mitogen-activated protein ... Risk factors for glaucoma include increasing age, high pressure in the eye, a family history of glaucoma, and use of steroid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma

Evidence from molecular experiments suggests both fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and members of the WNT signalling pathway ... This means that in progenesis, germ cell growth is accelerated relative to normal or in neoteny; while somatic cell growth is ... but growth stops soon after birth, whereas humans continue brain and head growth several years after birth. This particular ... These factors are part of a complex phenomenon termed Island syndrome or Foster's rule. The mole salamander, a close relative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterochrony

... this ubiquitination results in reduced levels of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereblon

This same unbounded growth is a feature of cancerous growth. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase, which allows them to ... Thus, telomere shortening does not appear to be a major factor in the aging of the differentiated cells of brain or skeletal ... Various cancer cells and fibroblasts transformed with hTERT cDNA have high telomerase activity, while somatic cells do not. ... which enables cancer cells to rapidly use sugar to facilitate their programmed growth rate (roughly the growth rate of a fetus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase

Cux1 DNA binding is stimulated by activation of the PAR2/F2RL1 cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptor in fibroblasts and ... Nepveu A (2001). "Role of the multifunctional CDP/Cut/Cux homeodomain transcription factor in regulating differentiation, cell ... has the deactivated CUX1 which links to progression of tumor growth. Researchers from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute ... Cux transcription factor by cyclin A-Cdk1 modulates its DNA binding activity in G(2)". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (49): 45780-90. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CUTL1

"CITED2 is expressed in human adrenocortical cells and regulated by basic fibroblast growth factor". The Journal of ... Chou YT, Yang YC (Jul 2006). "Post-transcriptional control of Cited2 by transforming growth factor beta. Regulation via Smads ... functions as a co-activator for transcription factor AP-2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (10): 8559-65. doi:10.1074 ... functions as a co-activator for transcription factor AP-2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (10): 8559-65. doi:10.1074 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CITED2

Fibroblasts from Cohen syndrome patients also have abnormal Golgi. Cohen syndrome patients have been shown to have defective ... Mutations within the gene have been linked as a potential factor in Cohen syndrome and autism. In Cohen syndrome, it is thought ... The VPS13B protein is important because it plays an important role in the function of normal growth, the development of neurons ... Patients with this syndrome are also known to suffer from seizures, narrow hands and feet, and growth hormone deficiencies. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VPS13B

... regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer cells and reverses resistance to epidermal growth factor ... While the mir-200 family is highly expressed in normal epithelial cells, it is not expressed in normal fibroblast cells that ... overexpression of miR-200b resulted in a decrease of endometriotic cell motility and invasive growth, associated with ZEB1 and ... "Conserved MicroRNA miR-8/miR-200 and its target USH/FOG2 control growth by regulating PI3K". Cell. 139 (6): 1096-108. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-200

Tabin, C. J. (1991). "Retinoids, homeoboxes, and growth factors: Toward molecular models for limb development". Cell. 66 (2): ... Goff, S. P.; Tabin, C. J.; Wang, J. Y.; Weinberg, R; Baltimore, D (1982). "Transfection of fibroblasts by cloned Abelson murine ... Logan, M; Pagán-Westphal, S. M.; Smith, D. M.; Paganessi, L; Tabin, C. J. (1998). "The transcription factor Pitx2 mediates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Tabin

From this, it can be concluded that penile growth is typically complete not later than age 17, and possibly earlier. In males ... Penis size is affected by genetics, but also by environmental factors such as fertility medications and chemical/pollution ... July 2003). "A culture system using human foreskin fibroblasts as feeder cells allows production of human embryonic stem cells ... The causative mechanisms are poorly understood but involve complex neurological and vascular factors. Potential complications ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_penis

Indeed, Rho-dependent response is stimulated by the action of growth factors on Rac protein. In 1993 he moved to University ... Rho in the stimulation of focal adhesions and stress fibres formation in fibroblasts in the presence of extracellular factors ... The inhibition of endogenous Rac function by mutants N17rac and V12rac1 prevented growth factor-induced membrane ruffling. In ... "The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling". Cell. 70 (3): 401-410. doi:10.1016/0092- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hall

Patient age >60 years was the only factor that clearly reduced survival times in this study (disease specific survival times ... LGMS should be suspected in cases presenting as nodular masses composed of spindle-shaped cells combining fibroblast and smooth ... Dermal and subcutaneous growths, Connective and soft tissue neoplasms, Cancer). ... a tumor consisting of cells with the microscopic features of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells) by Mentzel et al. in 1998. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-grade_myofibroblastic_sarcoma

Kim L, Wong TW (1998). "Growth factor-dependent phosphorylation of the actin-binding protein cortactin is mediated by the ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein in podosome formation and degradation of extracellular matrix in src-transformed fibroblasts ... Kim L, Wong TW (September 1998). "Growth factor-dependent phosphorylation of the actin-binding protein cortactin is mediated by ... in response to extracellular signals like growth factors, adhesion sites, or pathogenic invasion of the epithelial layer. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortactin

NR4A1 has homologous genes in a range of species including neuronal growth factor-induced clone B in rats, Nur77 in mice and ... Expression is inducible by phytohemagglutinin in human lymphocytes and by serum stimulation of arrested fibroblasts. ... Milbrandt J (May 1988). "Nerve growth factor induces a gene homologous to the glucocorticoid receptor gene". Neuron. 1 (3): 183 ... Hiromura M, Suizu F, Narita M, Kinowaki K, Noguchi M (September 2006). "Identification of nerve growth factor-responsive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A1

... gene transcript in senescent and quiescent human fibroblasts encoding a novel protein in the epidermal growth factor-like ... Like all members of this family, the encoded protein contains tandemly repeated epidermal growth factor-like repeats followed ... is a binding partner of epithelial growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1). Implications ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFEMP1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor

Ascorbic acid attenuates cell stress by activating the fibroblast growth factor 21/fibroblast growth factor receptor 2/ ... Fibroblast growth factor 21 upregulation, Hepatoprotective, Interleukin-6 Downregulation, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha ... 14 Abstracts with Fibroblast growth factor 21 upregulation Research. Filter by Study Type. Animal Study. ... Pharmacological Actions : Fibroblast growth factor 21 upregulation. Additional Keywords : Gene Expression Regulation, Risk ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/pharmacological-action/fibroblast-growth-factor-21-upregulation

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key regulator of the differentiation to brown adipocytes. The main mechanisms occur ... Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key regulator of the differentiation to brown adipocytes. The main mechanisms are ... 2011). Growth hormone induces hepatic production of fibroblast growth factor 21 through a mechanism dependent on lipolysis in ... and body mass index are independent factors associated with serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 163, ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2019.00037/full

Previous studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which has an important role in phosphate metabolism, is ... is a common cardiovascular complication and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in hemodialysis (HD) patients. ... Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hemodialysis Patients () Ayaka Saito1,2, Takako Onuki2, ... Isakova, T. (2013) Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease. Current Opinion in ...

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=49966

... and that this is through the regulation of secretion of fibroblast growth factor-2, a guidance factor for migration of ... show in vivothat Arf6 positively regulates oligiodendrocyte myelination via the release of the growth factor FGF-2 from ... The small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) plays important roles in a wide variety of membrane dynamics-based ... other guidance factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms5744?error=cookies_not_supported&code=eb053ac1-2b23-4e94-b201-4cd1407f04fd

The study also found that drugs that target the protein produced by this genetic aberration can dramatically slow the growth of ...

https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/fibroblast-growth-factor/

... fibroblast growth factor 21; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; NFATc1, nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1; OPG ... fibroblast growth factor 21; miR, microRNA; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; NFATc1, nuclear factor of activated T cells, ... Li H, Dong K, Fang Q, Hou X, Zhou M, Bao Y, Xiang K, Xu A and Jia W: High serum level of fibroblast growth factor 21 is an ... Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21 is a member of the FGF family, which is mainly expressed in the liver, and has numerous ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijmm.2018.4017?text=fulltext

... the role of fibroblast growth factor receptor gene mutations. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android ... Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) transmembrane mutation in Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans. ... Phenotypic diversity in patients with craniosynostoses unrelated to Apert syndrome: the role of fibroblast growth factor ... "Phenotypic Diversity in Patients With Craniosynostoses Unrelated to Apert Syndrome: the Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/16206730/Phenotypic_diversity_in_patients_with_craniosynostoses_unrelated_to_Apert_syndrome:_the_role_of_fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_gene_mutations_

Fibroblast Growth Factor 7) ELISA Kit from Gentaur Elisa Kits. Cat Number: G-EC-06052. USA, UK & Europe Distribution. ... Human FGF7/KGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor 7) ELISA Kit , G-EC-02260 ... Mouse FGF7/KGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor 7) ELISA Kit , G-EC-04364 ... Rat FGF7/KGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor 7) ELISA Kit , G-EC-05292 ... Rabbit FGF7/KGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor 7) ELISA Kit , G-EC- ...

https://caslab.com/rabbit-fgf7-kgf-fibroblast-growth-factor-7-elisa-kit-g-ec-06052/?setCurrencyId=3

C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23; iFGF23, intact fibroblast growth factor 23; Q, quartile; REF, reference group; RU/ml, ... C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23; iFGF23, intact fibroblast growth factor 23; Ln, natural log-transformed; PO4, phosphate ... C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23; iFGF23, intact fibroblast growth factor 23; PTH, parathyroid hormone; RU/ml, reference ... C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23; iFGF23, intact fibroblast growth factor 23; RU/ml, reference units per milliliter. ...

https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/13/4/531

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. By Technical Data. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 - Immunoassays. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 - ... Mouse - Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 - Immunoassays. Rat - Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 - Immunoassays. Fibroblast Growth Factor ... Immunoassays Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Mouse/Rat ELISA Manufactured by BioVendor Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Mouse/Rat ELISA ... References to Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. *Christodoulides C, Dyson P, Sprecher D, Tsintzas K, Karpe F. Circulating fibroblast ...

https://www.biovendor.com/fibroblast-growth-factor-21-mouserat-elisa

... platelet-derived growth factor, and β-transforming growth factor. The induced proteins were identified as procollagenases by ... platelet-derived growth factor, and β-transforming growth factor. The induced proteins were identified as procollagenases by ... platelet-derived growth factor, and β-transforming growth factor. The induced proteins were identified as procollagenases by ... platelet-derived growth factor, and β-transforming growth factor. The induced proteins were identified as procollagenases by ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/induction-of-collagenase-secretion-in-human-fibroblast-cultures-b

The bFGF and growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), erythrocyte growth factor (EGF) and transforming ... "Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), a Multifunctional Growth Factor for Neuroectodermal Cells," Journal of Cell Science. ... Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which is released during the early stage of the wound healing process, promotes the ... Y. Akasaka, I. Ono, A. Tominaga, Y. Ishikawa, K. Ito and T. Suzuki, "Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in an Artificial Dermis ...

https://file.scirp.org/Html/7-3200294_33902.htm

Fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho: Physiology and pathophysiology of an endocrine network of mineral metabolism. Annu Rev ... Citation: Mohan B. The biological activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor in a klotho dependent manner. J Clin ... The biological activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor in a klotho dependent manner.. Banerjee Mohan* ... and functional importance of FGFR signalling is highlighted by the pleiotropic effects of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), the ...

https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/the-biological-activation-of-fibroblast-growth-factor-receptor-in-a-klothodependent-manner-19847.html

Retrograde fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) signaling regulates insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression for activity- ... Retrograde fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) signaling regulates insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression for activity- ... Retrograde fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) signaling regulates insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression for activity- ... A protein called fibroblast growth factor 22 (or FGF22 for short) helps synapses to initially form within the hippocampus. ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/12151

Abstract B31: Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) gene amplification is frequent in lung squamous cell carcinoma and ... Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) gene amplification is frequent in lung squamous cell carcinoma and high gene copy ...

https://aacrjournals.org/mct/article/10/11_Supplement/B31/231807/Abstract-B31-Fibroblast-growth-factor-receptor-1?searchresult=1

Enhancement of Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis and Bone Formation by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor via Protein Kinase C-Dependent ... Enhancement of Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis and Bone Formation by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor via Protein Kinase C-Dependent ... Enhancement of Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis and Bone Formation by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor via Protein Kinase C-Dependent ... Enhancement of Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis and Bone Formation by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor via Protein Kinase C-Dependent ...

https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/66/3/440/tab-e-letters

The roles of p38 MAPK and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta in the transcriptional regulation of the fibroblast growth factor ... Complex regulation of the fibroblast growth factor-binding protein in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells by CCAAT/enhancer-binding ... Complex regulation of the fibroblast growth factor-binding protein in MDA- MB-468 breast cancer cells by CCAAT/enhancer-binding ... The roles of p38 MAPK and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta in the transcriptional regulation of the fibroblast growth factor ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/035/932/035932203.php

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Signaling in Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13(9):1163-1171. doi:10.7150/ijbs.20792. ... Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Signaling in Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13(9):1163-1171. doi:10.7150/ijbs.20792. ... Lei, H.; Deng, C.X. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Signaling in Breast Cancer. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2017, 13 (9), 1163-1171 ... Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Signaling in Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 13(9):1163-1171. ...

https://ijbs.com/v13p1163

In fibroblast clonogenic assay, SU9518 reduced PDGF stimulated fibroblast survival by 57%. Likewise, SU9518 potently inhibited ... co-culture models consisting of fibroblasts and endothelial cells were employed. In fibroblasts, radiation markedly activated ... radiation of endothelial cells and fibroblast cells substantially stimulated proliferation of non irradiated fibroblasts and ... Here we investigate effects of SU9518, a PDGFR inhibitor combined with ionizing radiation in human primary fibroblasts and ...

https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-6-79/metrics

Response to Letter to the Editor: Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, Mineral Metabolism, and Adiposity in Normal Kidney Function. ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub1406330

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Interacts with and Activates TGFbeta-Activated Kinase 1 Tyrosine Phosphorylation and ... Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Interacts with and Activates TGFbeta-Activated Kinase 1 Tyrosine Phosphorylation and ... we identify TAK1 as a novel interacting protein and target of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) tyrosine kinase ... The NFkappaB transcription factor is constitutively active in a number of hematologic and solid tumors, and many signaling ...

https://www.med.muni.cz/veda-a-vyzkum/veda-a-vyzkum/publikacni-cinnost/publikace-lf-mu/1168185

Fan, C, Tang, Y, Zhao, M, Lou, X, Pretorius, D, Menasche, P, Zhu, W & Zhang, J 2020, CHIR99021 and fibroblast growth factor 1 ... T1 - CHIR99021 and fibroblast growth factor 1 enhance the regenerative potency of human cardiac muscle patch after myocardial ... CHIR99021 and fibroblast growth factor 1 enhance the regenerative potency of human cardiac muscle patch after myocardial ... CHIR99021 and fibroblast growth factor 1 enhance the regenerative potency of human cardiac muscle patch after myocardial ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/chir99021-and-fibroblast-growth-factor-1-enhance-the-regenerative

"Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated motility in fibroblasts",. abstract = "Cell motility is induced by many growth ... Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated motility in fibroblasts. In: Microscopy Research and Technique. 1998 ; Vol. 43, No. 5 ... Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated motility in fibroblasts. Alan Wells, Kiran Gupta, Philip Chang, Scott Swindle, Angela ... Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated motility in fibroblasts. Microscopy Research and Technique. 1998 Dec 1;43(5):395-411 ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-mediated-motility-in-fibroblasts

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is produced by most cultured cells in an inactive form. Potential activation ... Proteolytic activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta from fibroblast-conditioned medium. R M Lyons, R M Lyons ... R M Lyons, J Keski-Oja, H L Moses; Proteolytic activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta from fibroblast-conditioned ... Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is produced by most cultured cells in an inactive form. Potential activation ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/106/5/1659/28485/Proteolytic-activation-of-latent-transforming

2-diglycerides in fibroblasts. Comparison of α-thrombin, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. Journal ... 2-diglycerides in fibroblasts. Comparison of α-thrombin, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. In: ... Comparison of α-thrombin, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. / Pessin, M. S.; Baldassare, J. J.; ... Comparison of α-thrombin, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/molecular-species-analysis-of-mitogen-stimulated-12-diglycerides--3

Save our spines: Animal study shows basic fibroblast growth factor protects injured spinal cord motor endplates. ... The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on motor neurons in the anterior horn of the injured spinal cord, and on the ... These findings, published in the Neural Regeneration Research, indicate that basic fibroblast growth factor can protect the ... which was injected with basic fibroblast growth factor solution via the subarachnoid catheter. The researchers found after the ...

https://www.opnews.com/2013/10/save-our-spines-animal-study-shows-basic-fibroblast-growth-factor-protects-injured-spinal-cord-motor-endplates/6434

Boster Bio Anti-Fibroblast growth factor 17 FGF17 Antibody catalog # A07009-1. Tested in WB applications. This antibody reacts ... fibroblast growth factor 17 FGF17 FGF-13, FGF-17, HH20 fibroblast growth factor 17 fibroblast growth factor 17 ... Anti-Fibroblast growth factor 17 FGF17 Antibody. FGF-17 antibody. Boster Bio Anti-Fibroblast growth factor 17 FGF17 Antibody ... Be the first to review Anti-Fibroblast growth factor 17 FGF17 Antibody. *The first user to submit a review for a product is ...

https://www.bosterbio.com/anti-fibroblast-growth-factor-17-fgf17-antibody-a07009-1-boster.html

fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation Show first 5 ... biological regulation positive regulation of developmental process positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor ... biological regulation positive regulation of developmental process positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor ... fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation ...

https://www.zfin.org/action/ontology/term-detail/GO:2000315

Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a phosphate metabolism regulator in patients with chronic kidney disease ... Yan J, Zhang M, Ni Z, Jin S, Zhu M, Pang H. Associations of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 with dyslipidemia and carotid ... Is Fibroblast growth factor 23 the leading cause of increased mortality among chronic kidney disease patients? A narrative ... Fibroblast growth factor 23 is elevated before parathyroid hormone and phosphate in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2011;79: ...

https://indianjnephrol.org/preprintarticle.asp?id=361586

A miRNA microarray analysis was conducted to evaluate the miRNA expression profile during receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand‑stimulated osteoclastogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
For example, osteoblast-secreted receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (RANK) ligand (RANKL) binds to the RANK receptor on osteoclasts, thus promoting osteoclast survival and osteoclastogenesis ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, the binding of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to its receptor, colony stimulating factor receptor, has been reported to be essential for the generation of osteoclast precursor cells that are present prior to RANKL stimulation ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6-activated NF-κB signaling induces the initialization of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which is a key transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis and stimulates the expression of various osteoclast-specific genes, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (Ctsk) and calcitonin receptor ( 2 , 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The goal of this study was to elucidate the genotype-phenotype relationship in syndromic craniosynostoses by analyzing the mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene and its clinical manifestations in patients, particularly those in atypical cases. (unboundmedicine.com)
The biological activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor in a klotho dependent manner. (alliedacademies.org)
Abstract B31: Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) gene amplification is frequent in lung squamous cell carcinoma and high gene copy number indicates a better prognosis in early stage NSCLC. (aacrjournals.org)
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase that mediates signaling for FGFs. (ijbs.com)
Deng, C.X. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Signaling in Breast Cancer. (ijbs.com)
Here, we identify TAK1 as a novel interacting protein and target of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) tyrosine kinase activity. (muni.cz)
We have focused on the mechanisms by which the EGF receptor (EGFR) actuates fibroblast cell motility in an attempt to define this integrated process in one system. (elsevier.com)
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation. (zfin.org)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was examined for comparison. (elsevier.com)
The natural alternate splicing of four fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genes results in the production of over 48 different isoforms of FGFR. (mdwiki.org)
The protein families of "growth factors" are structurally unrelated to each other, and act via binding to the corresponding cell membrane receptor. (reprokine.com)
Shams I, Rohmann E, Eswarakumar VP, Lew ED, Yuzawa S, Wollnik B, Schlessinger J, Lax I. Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome is caused by reduced activity of the fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10)-FGF receptor 2 signaling pathway. (medlineplus.gov)
FGFs (Fibroblast Growth Factors) bind to FGF receptors (FGFRs) monovalently, and FGF receptor dimerization and activation is mediated by multivalent interactions between heparin sulfate proteoglycans and FGF. (novusbio.com)
Fibroblast growth factor or nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of the FGF Receptor Substrate 2 (FRS2) docking proteins. (novusbio.com)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) being the most promising marker has potentially offered new methods to prognosticate and plays an essential role in early diagnosis and treatment apart from tumor, node and metastasis staging which has been used till now. (jomfp.in)
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a promising molecular target in squamous cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer subtypes. (uni-goettingen.de)
FGF401 is an ATP-competitive, reversible-covalent inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, or FGFR4, for which Everest Medicines obtained global development and commercial rights from Novartis AG, or Novartis. (handelsblatt.com)
The balance of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D has long been considered the main regulator of calcium metabolism, but the function of other "actors", such as fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), Klotho gene, and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 5 (TPRV5) should be considered. (eurekaselect.com)

Although these growth-promoting factors interact with separate membrane receptors, each induced the secretion of a common protein, suggesting that collagenase may be important in some aspect of mitogenesis, cell mobilization, and migration. (elsevier.com)
The diverse, complicated, and functional importance of FGFR signalling is highlighted by the pleiotropic effects of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), the ubiquitous expression of all seven signalling FGF receptors (FGFRs) throughout the body, and the dramatic phenotypes demonstrated by several FGF/R knockout mice. (alliedacademies.org)
Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) act as co-receptors for multiple families of growth factors that regulate animal cell proliferation, differentiation and patterning. (escholarship.org)
Finally, because heterozygous Gpc1 mutant mice were found to have brain sizes half-way between homozygous and wild type, the data imply that endogenous HSPG levels quantitatively control growth factor signaling, a finding that is both novel and relevant to the general question of how the activities of co-receptors are exploited during development. (escholarship.org)
Cell motility is induced by many growth factors acting through cognate receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity (RPTK). (elsevier.com)
The fibroblast growth factor receptors ( FGFR ) are, as their name implies, receptors that bind to members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of proteins. (mdwiki.org)
The fibroblast growth factor receptors consist of an extracellular ligand domain composed of three immunoglobulin -like domains, a single transmembrane helix domain, and an intracellular domain with tyrosine kinase activity. (mdwiki.org)
These receptors bind fibroblast growth factors , members of the largest family of growth factor ligands, comprising 22 members. (mdwiki.org)
Less growth factor is available to bind to receptors, which decreases signaling within cells. (medlineplus.gov)

The initial characterization of these proteins focused on their ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. (biovendor.com)
These findings suggest that bFGF may contribute to the cellular proliferation in pterygia and mast cells are a source of this growth factor. (elsevier.com)
The EGF-R results suggest that transforming growth factor-α or epidermal growth factor could also contribute to the epithelial cell proliferation in pterygia. (elsevier.com)
Moreover, we have demonstrated that Shh-dependent proliferation of GNPs and medulloblastoma cells can be blocked by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). (elsevier.com)
Impact of APRF+ in Combination with Autogenous Fibroblasts on Release Growth Factors, Collagen, and Proliferation and Migration of Gingival Fibroblasts: An In Vitro Study. (bvsalud.org)
A viability test after 72 h showed a significant increase in proliferation fibroblasts after exposition to the factors released from A-PRF+ combined with fibroblasts . (bvsalud.org)
Profibrotic growth factors and cytokines contribute directly to fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. (cdc.gov)

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of N-desulfated heparin on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of gastric carcinoma. (hindawi.com)
Purpose: The usefulness of dissolving microneedles (DMs) for local skin therapy by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was studied in rats. (scirp.org)
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent mitogenic peptide for a variety of cell types. (elsevier.com)
In contrast, activation of FGF signaling has a potent effect on tumor growth: treatment of medulloblastoma cells with bFGF prevents them from forming tumors following transplantation, and inoculation of tumor-bearing mice with bFGF markedly inhibits tumor growth in vivo. (elsevier.com)
Although the retinal angiogenic and mitogenic factors have been identified to be acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF), little information has so far been available about the cells producing them and their function in retinal tissues. (elsevier.com)
In this study, we designed heparin/1-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide methioide (Hep/EDC) nanoaggregates (NAs) for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) delivery carrier. (elsevier.com)

In human foreskin fibroblast cultures two proteins with M(r) 60,000 and 55,000 were found to be induced about 3.5-fold by epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor, and β-transforming growth factor. (elsevier.com)
In contrast, IIC9 fibroblasts respond to the mitogenic treatments of (a) α-thrombin following chymotrypsin pretreatment or (b) epidermal growth factor by increasing their levels of diglycerides in a monophasic and sustained manner (Wright, T.M., Rangan, L.A., Shin, H.S., and Raben, D.M. (1988) J. Biol. (elsevier.com)
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) (Sigma cat. (researchsquare.com)
Steroids and testosterone levels Primarily, it contains critical growth factors like: Interleukins EGF - Epidermal Growth Factor FGF - Fibroblast Growth Factor NGF - Neurotrophin Growth Factor IGF-1 and IGF-2 - Insulin-like Growth Factors 1 and 2 TGF-A and TGF-B - Transforming Growth Factors A and B, how to use prohormones for cutting. (rainforestvirus.com)
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a biomaterial of peptide origin that acts on the skin stimulating the angiogenesis and activating the fibroblasts, favoring, thus, the process of cicatrization. (bvsalud.org)
To evaluate the colonization by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in wounds of diabetic patients treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) in comparison to those treated with 2% carboxymethylcellulose gel. (bvsalud.org)

Previous studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which has an important role in phosphate metabolism, is elevated in HD patients. (scirp.org)
We sought to determine whether elevated plasma levels of the osteocyte-derived, vitamin D-regulating hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), are prospectively associated with death in critically ill patients with AKI requiring RRT, and in a general cohort of critically ill patients with and without AKI. (asnjournals.org)
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), an osteocyte-derived hormone initially discovered for its pathologic role in rare syndromes of urinary phosphate wasting ( 5 ), plays a critical role in regulating vitamin D and phosphate homeostasis. (asnjournals.org)
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a hormone involved in phosphate, vitamin D, and iron homeostasis, is linked to left ventricular hypertrophy and HF. (northwestern.edu)

Aside from its anticoagulant action, heparin binds to various growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular proteins and consequently is able to affect migration of cancer cells and angiogenesis in tumors. (hindawi.com)
These processes of guanine nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis are regulated and accelerated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins, respectively. (nature.com)
The induced proteins were identified as procollagenases by immunoprecipitation of induced medium with antibodies to purified human fibroblast collagenase. (elsevier.com)
Growth Factors are a diverse group of proteins with similir functional characteristics of promoting growth in various cell types. (reprokine.com)
This protein is part of a family of proteins called fibroblast growth factors that are involved in important processes such as cell division, regulation of cell growth and maturation, formation of blood vessels, wound healing, and development before birth. (medlineplus.gov)
Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family. (bvsalud.org)

In this report, we have analyzed the molecular species of the diglycerides generated by these two different treatments and have also examined the lipid response of IIC9 fibroblasts to platelet-derived growth factor. (elsevier.com)
Acute-onset sym- protein 1, and platelet-derived growth factor polypeptide metric polyarthritis, most often affecting the fingers, wrists, levels (data not shown), and macrophage inflammatory ankles, and knees, is the predominant clinical presentation. (cdc.gov)

The small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) plays important roles in a wide variety of membrane dynamics-based cellular events such as neurite outgrowth and spine formation in vitro . (nature.com)
The study also found that drugs that target the protein produced by this genetic aberration can dramatically slow the growth of glioblastomas in mice. (neurosciencenews.com)
A protein called fibroblast growth factor 22 (or FGF22 for short) helps synapses to initially form within the hippocampus. (elifesciences.org)
One gene in particular, which encodes a protein called insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), was much less expressed in mice that lack FGF22 compared to normal mice. (elifesciences.org)
Lyophilized Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 althoµgh stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution FGF9 Mouse Recombinant should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles. (neobiolab.com)
Zhittya's compound is a proprietary version of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), a protein that is able to stimulate blood vessel growth, called angiogenesis, in damaged or oxygen-deprived tissues. (parkinsonsnewstoday.com)
The FGF10 gene provides instructions for making a protein called fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10). (medlineplus.gov)
Protein/calorie deficiencies inhibit hair growth. (cdc.gov)
FRS2 is also designated SNT (Suc-1 associated neurotrophic factor target protein). (novusbio.com)
Enhancement of nuclear factor-kappaB activation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation by a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, pervanadate, involves reactive oxygen species in silica -stimulated macrophages. (cdc.gov)
The effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I on amyloid precursor protein phosphorylation in in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease. (shefayekhatam.ir)
Association of total insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 levels with incident coronary events and ischemic stroke. (shefayekhatam.ir)
Arginine is able to form a protective layer around the muscle protein known as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) which works alongside the protein fibroblast growth factor-9 (TGF-9), cardarine dosage for fat loss. (profhim.kz)

In view of the phenotypic diversity evident in cases in which the same mutation in the FGFR2 gene is present, it is possible that other disease-modifying genetic factors exist to control the abnormal gain-of-function that accompanies FGFR signaling. (unboundmedicine.com)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) are the main factors promoting angiogenesis [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Chemically modified heparin shows a significantly reduced anticoagulant activity and enhanced ability to interact with FGF, VEGF, and hepatocyte growth factor, which are known to stimulate angiogenesis [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (cdc.gov)
The components released from A-PRF+ conditioned with autogenous fibroblasts that were quantified in the study were fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ), trans-forming growth factor -beta1 and 2 (TGFß1 and TGFß2), and soluble collagen . (bvsalud.org)
A-PRF+ combined with fibroblasts demonstrated significantly higher values of released VEGF at every time point and, after 7 days, significantly higher values of released TGFß2. (bvsalud.org)
In fact, diabetes reduces the rate of angiogenesis by alteration in the expression angiogenic genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [6] . (eg.net)
ABSTRACT Allergic contact dermatitis to cement is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in which cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be involved in persisting erythema and oedema. (who.int)
RÉSUMÉ La dermite de contact allergique due au ciment est une réaction d'hypersensibilité retardée dans laquelle les cytokines interféron gamma (IFN- γ) et le facteur de croissance de l'endothélium vasculaire (ou VEGF pour vascular endothelial growth factor) peuvent être impliqués dans des érythèmes ou des œdèmes persistants. (who.int)

FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. (neobiolab.com)

In conclusion, Aloe vera could stimulate the fibroblast growth. (ugm.ac.id)

the BMP-2 inhibitor Noggin represses Sox9 expression in limb bud chondrogenic precursors while inducing the ligament/tendon-speciﬁc transcription factor Scx" "the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of p300 has the potential to facilitate transcriptional activity by modulating the chromatin structure. (heightquest.com)

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a phosphate metabolism regulator in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (indianjnephrol.org)
Data indicate that serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) levels independently correlated with bone volume parameters in rats with experimentally induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). (cusabio.com)
Fibroblast growth factor 21 in chronic kidney disease. (utsouthwestern.edu)

During tumor-associated angiogenesis, the balance of angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors is tipped in favor of angiogenesis by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene expression [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
These findings, published in the Neural Regeneration Research , indicate that basic fibroblast growth factor can protect the endplate through attenuating the decreased expression of calcitonin gene related peptide and acetylcholinesterase in anterior horn motor neurons of the injured spinal cord. (opnews.com)
Mice lacking the homolog gene displayed a male-to-female sex reversal phenotype, which sµggested a role in testicular embryogenesis Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 may have a role in glial cell growth and differentiation during development, gliosis during repair and regeneration of brain tissue after damage, differentiation and survival of neuronal cells, and growth stimulation of glial tumors. (neobiolab.com)

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common cardiovascular complication and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in hemodialysis (HD) patients. (scirp.org)

Fibroblasts are cells in connective tissue which produce collagen and other fibers. (seraphinaskincare.com)
When we can encourage the growth of fibroblasts, we can encourage the production of collagen, and when we are talking anti aging skincare, more collagen is always a good thing. (seraphinaskincare.com)
Curcumin treatment in studies has shown to reduce wound-healing time, improved collagen deposition and increased fibroblast and vascular density in wounds thereby enhancing both normal and impaired wound-healing. (aquanova.de)

Although less active than fibroblast growth factor IL-6 stimulated in vitro lung fibroblasts growth. (cdc.gov)
The study was designed to Investigate the effect of Aloe vera on fibroblast cell growth in vitro. (ugm.ac.id)

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key regulator of the differentiation to brown adipocytes. (frontiersin.org)
By examining markers of different signaling pathways, and the differentiation behaviors of cells in the early embryonic brain, we infer that Gpc1(-/-) phenotypes most likely result from a transient reduction in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. (escholarship.org)
Thus, understanding the signals that control the growth and differentiation of these cells has important implications for neurobiology and neurooncology. (elsevier.com)
Glucosamine impedes transforming growth factor β1-mediated corneal fibroblast differentiation by targeting Krüppel-like factor 4 . (fgf-4.com)
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily also plays a key role in chondrocyte differentiation. (heightquest.com)

We also discuss the physicochemical properties of CNTs and their effects on pulmonary toxicities as well as various biological factors contributing to the development of fibrosis. (cdc.gov)

Molecular species analysis of mitogen-stimulated 1,2-diglycerides in fibroblasts. (elsevier.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'Molecular species analysis of mitogen-stimulated 1,2-diglycerides in fibroblasts. (elsevier.com)
Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 205 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 23308 Dalton.The FGF-9 Mouse Recombinant is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. (neobiolab.com)
Fibroblast growth factor family aberrations in cancers: clinical and molecular characteristics. (cdc.gov)

Potentiate growth of dermal papillae. (cdc.gov)

Increased reactive oxygen species activate various cytokine/growth factor signaling cascades resulting in increased expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes. (cdc.gov)
Low levels of chromatin acetylation results in less of the ECM genes aggrecan and COL2A1 which may interfere with optimal growth. (heightquest.com)
The master transcription factor Sry-type HMG box (Sox) 9 has an essential role in the expression of chondrogenic genes through the association with Sox9-binding sites on its target genes{thus to grow taller it's essential that Sox9 is working properl} . (heightquest.com)

Inhibits growth of hair and follicle. (cdc.gov)
Inhibits growth. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, we find that Arf6 in neurons regulates migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) through facilitating secretion of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), a guidance factor for OPC migration. (nature.com)

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors are involved in the pathophysiological responses of asbestos -related lung diseases. (cdc.gov)

Here we generate conditional knockout mice lacking Arf6 in neurons, oligodendrocytes, or both cell lineages, and unexpectedly find that Arf6 expression in neurons, but not in oligodendrocytes, is crucial for oligodendrocyte myelination in the hippocampal fimbria and the corpus callosum during development, and that this is through the regulation of secretion of fibroblast growth factor-2, a guidance factor for migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). (nature.com)
Here we show that fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22), a target-derived presynaptic organizer in the mouse hippocampus, induces the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) for the stabilization of presynaptic terminals. (elifesciences.org)
Munoz-Sanjuan I, Cooper MK, Beachy PA, Fallon JF, Nathans J. Expression and regulation of chicken fibroblast growth factor homologous factor (FHF)-4 during craniofacial morphogenesis. (arizona.edu)
Comparison of the expression patterns of several fibroblast growth factors during chick gastrulation and neurulation. (arizona.edu)
Therefore, this study has been undertaken to evaluate the expression of EGFR in HNSCC cases, according to the new scoring system and find its association with various pathological prognostic factors. (jomfp.in)
High EGFR expression suggests uncontrolled growth which depicts that EGFR upregulation may be an early event during HNSCC carcinogenesis. (jomfp.in)
Also containing the injection alternative Argirelox™ Peptide Solution, which fights expression wrinkles by attenuating muscle contractions, Re-Generate Fibroblast Growth Cream is a comprehensive treatment cream for anyone looking to support their mature skin. (seraphinaskincare.com)

Grb2/Sos complexes are thus recruited directly and indirectly via Shp2 upon tyrosine phosphorylation of FRS2a in response to growth factor stimulation. (novusbio.com)
Silica induces nuclear factor-B activation through tyrosine phosphorylation of 1kB-x in RAW264.7 macrophages. (cdc.gov)

Dysregulation of the fibroblast growth factor system in major depression. (bvsalud.org)

The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on motor neurons in the anterior horn of the injured spinal cord, and on the number of neuromuscular junctions in target organs, remains elusive. (opnews.com)
Jianlong Wang and team from Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University established a rat model of spinal cord injury using a modified Allen's method, which was injected with basic fibroblast growth factor solution via the subarachnoid catheter. (opnews.com)
Optimized DNA sequence encodingBovine Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor mature chain was expressed in Escherichia Coli. (reprokine.com)
Se- IL-9, IL-13, IL-15, GM-CSF, interferon-, tumor necrosis rum samples showed elevated concentrations in the acute factor- (TNF-), RANTES, basic fibroblast growth factor phase of the illness and, more pronounced, in the long-last- ing convalescent phase. (cdc.gov)
Regeneration of periodontal tissues by basic fibroblast growth factor. (bvsalud.org)
Fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF) (Sigma cat. (researchsquare.com)

Glypican-1 controls brain size through regulation of fibroblast growth factor signaling in early neurogenesis. (escholarship.org)
A fibroblast growth factor that may play a role in regulation of HAIR FOLLICLE phenotype. (rush.edu)

Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth beyond a few millimeters in diameter because of the tumor's requirement for a network of blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products of metabolism. (hindawi.com)

Fibroblast growth factor-21 could potentially be used as a hormone therapy to extend lifespan in mammals. (greenmedinfo.com)
In a paper published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation in November 2013, Schwartz, Morton, and their colleagues reported that the gut-derived hormone known as fibroblast growth factor 19, or FGF19, dramatically improved glucose tolerance in mutant mice that produce no leptin, which are used as a model of type II diabetes. (dana.org)
Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and the aging brain. (shefayekhatam.ir)
Arginine was thought that its deficiency would lead to a decrease in growth hormone, which would be a sign of aging. (profhim.kz)

Renal Mechanisms of Association between Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 and Blood Pressure. (cdc.gov)

In samples from patients in the arthralgic conva- analyzed serum cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor lescent phase, we noted increases in IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, levels in travelers returning to Germany from Australia. (cdc.gov)
Serum cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor level changes in 2 individual patients over time. (cdc.gov)

These results imply that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) enhanced with fibroblasts can be an alternative method of connective tissue transplantation . (bvsalud.org)

A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN , and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. (bvsalud.org)

Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit for Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) ,etc. (cloud-clone.com)

Changes in cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor levels in the acute and prolonged arthralgia (convalescent) phase of Ross River virus infection. (cdc.gov)
13. Shaheen H, Sobhy S, El Mously S, Niazi M, Gomaa M. Insulin-like growth factor-1 in acute ischemic stroke. (shefayekhatam.ir)

Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the preexisting ones, is essential for the growth and development of body tissues that can be affected by diabetes [3] , [4] . (eg.net)

The fibroblast cell culture in a microplate was prepared from twelve day old chicken embryos. (ugm.ac.id)

Optimized DNA sequence encoding Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-10mature chain was expressed in Escherichia Coli. (reprokine.com)
Optimized DNA sequence encoding Human Glia Maturation Factor gamma(GMFG) mature chain was expressed in Escherichia Coli. (reprokine.com)

Re-Generate Fibroblast Growth Cream is a regenerative treatment offering intensive nutrition that aids in the remediation of visible signs of aging. (seraphinaskincare.com)

Proteolytic activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta from fibroblast-conditioned medium. (rupress.org)
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is produced by most cultured cells in an inactive form. (rupress.org)
It is also associated with a beneficial effect as a proangiogenic agent by inducing transforming growth factor-beta. (aquanova.de)

2014. Vitamin D3 supplementation increases fibroblast growth factor-23 in HIV-infected youths treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. . (unc.edu)
Heterozygous (Ap2s1+/L15) mice were viable, and had marked hypercalcaemia, hypermagnesaemia, hypophosphataemia, and increases in alkaline phosphatase activity and fibroblast growth factor-23. (birmingham.ac.uk)

The NFkappaB transcription factor is constitutively active in a number of hematologic and solid tumors, and many signaling pathways implicated in cancer are likely connected to NFkappaB activation. (muni.cz)

Recent studies have showed that angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy39

Organisms11

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs124

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes45

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

FGF8 induces formation of an ectopic isthmic organizer and isthmocerebellar development via a repressive effect on Otx2 expression. (1/3896)

Increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 in human breast cancer. (2/3896)

Fibroblast growth factor-8 expression is regulated by intronic engrailed and Pbx1-binding sites. (3/3896)

Gap junction signalling mediated through connexin-43 is required for chick limb development. (4/3896)

derriere: a TGF-beta family member required for posterior development in Xenopus. (5/3896)

adrift, a novel bnl-induced Drosophila gene, required for tracheal pathfinding into the CNS. (6/3896)

Nuclear matrix targeting of the protein kinase CK2 signal as a common downstream response to androgen or growth factor stimulation of prostate cancer cells. (7/3896)

FGF8 functions in the specification of the right body side of the chick. (8/3896)

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2

Fibroblast Growth Factors

Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor

Fibroblast Growth Factor 1

Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1

Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2

Fibroblasts

Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3

Fibroblast Growth Factor 10

Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4

Epidermal Growth Factor

Fibroblast Growth Factor 9

Fibroblast Growth Factor 4

Fibroblast Growth Factor 7

Cells, Cultured

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Growth Substances

Cell Division

Fibroblast Growth Factor 8

Signal Transduction

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor

Fibroblast Growth Factor 5

Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

Endothelial Growth Factors

RNA, Messenger

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Transforming Growth Factors

Cell Line

Fibroblast Growth Factor 3

Insulin-Like Growth Factor I

Hepatocyte Growth Factor

Nerve Growth Factors

Cell Differentiation

Molecular Sequence Data

Fibroblast Growth Factor 6

Lymphokines

Transforming Growth Factor alpha

Neovascularization, Physiologic

Heparin

Receptors, Growth Factor

Phosphorylation

Cell Proliferation

Immunohistochemistry

Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 5

3T3 Cells

Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Recombinant Proteins

Neovascularization, Pathologic

Transfection

Gene Expression Regulation

Gene Expression

Base Sequence

Nerve Growth Factor

Endothelium, Vascular

Cell Movement

Mitogens

Amino Acid Sequence

Heparitin Sulfate

Cattle

Blotting, Western

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Skin

Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor

Wound Healing

Mesoderm

In Situ Hybridization

Chick Embryo

Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Receptors, Cell Surface

Insulin-Like Growth Factor II

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

DNA

Time Factors

Collagen

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug