Fertilization
Fertilization in Vitro
Spermatozoa
Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.
Sperm-Ovum Interactions
Oocytes
Embryo Transfer
The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.
Zona Pellucida
Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
Sperm Motility
Pregnancy
Sea Urchins
Pregnancy Rate
Acrosome
Cleavage Stage, Ovum
The earliest developmental stage of a fertilized ovum (ZYGOTE) during which there are several mitotic divisions within the ZONA PELLUCIDA. Each cleavage or segmentation yields two BLASTOMERES of about half size of the parent cell. This cleavage stage generally covers the period up to 16-cell MORULA.
Acrosome Reaction
Fertilizers
Sperm Capacitation
The structural and functional changes by which SPERMATOZOA become capable of oocyte FERTILIZATION. It normally requires exposing the sperm to the female genital tract for a period of time to bring about increased SPERM MOTILITY and the ACROSOME REACTION before fertilization in the FALLOPIAN TUBES can take place.
Cryopreservation
Blastocyst
A post-MORULA preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper.
Ovulation Induction
Infertility, Male
Infertility
Microinjections
Fertility
Parthenogenesis
Sperm Head
Pregnancy Outcome
Semen Preservation
Oocyte Retrieval
Oogenesis
Insemination, Artificial
Follicular Fluid
Reproductive Techniques
Urochordata
Embryo, Mammalian
Fallopian Tubes
A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.
Meiosis
Ovarian Follicle
An OOCYTE-containing structure in the cortex of the OVARY. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of GRANULOSA CELLS providing a nourishing microenvironment (FOLLICULAR FLUID). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of GONADOTROPINS.
Menotropins
Chorionic Gonadotropin
A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).
Semen
Oocyte Donation
Cumulus Cells
Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
Embryo Culture Techniques
Sperm Transport
Echinodermata
A phylum of the most familiar marine invertebrates. Its class Stelleroidea contains two subclasses, the Asteroidea (the STARFISH or sea stars) and the Ophiuroidea (the brittle stars, also called basket stars and serpent stars). There are 1500 described species of STARFISH found throughout the world. The second class, Echinoidea, contains about 950 species of SEA URCHINS, heart urchins, and sand dollars. A third class, Holothuroidea, comprises about 900 echinoderms known as SEA CUCUMBERS. Echinoderms are used extensively in biological research. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp773-826)
Superovulation
In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques
Ovary
The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.
Live Birth
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Epididymis
The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.
Oligospermia
Pollen Tube
Micromanipulation
Fallopian Tube Diseases
Embryo, Nonmammalian
Sperm Tail
Contraception, Immunologic
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
A complication of OVULATION INDUCTION in infertility treatment. It is graded by the severity of symptoms which include OVARY enlargement, multiple OVARIAN FOLLICLES; OVARIAN CYSTS; ASCITES; and generalized EDEMA. The full-blown syndrome may lead to RENAL FAILURE, respiratory distress, and even DEATH. Increased capillary permeability is caused by the vasoactive substances, such as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS, secreted by the overly-stimulated OVARIES.
Blastomeres
Undifferentiated cells resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE). Inside the intact ZONA PELLUCIDA, each cleavage yields two blastomeres of about half size of the parent cell. Up to the 8-cell stage, all of the blastomeres are totipotent. The 16-cell MORULA contains outer cells and inner cells.
Ejaculation
Metaphase
Spermatids
Testis
Cryoprotective Agents
Cytoplasm
Cattle
Seminal Plasma Proteins
Proteins found in SEMEN. Major seminal plasma proteins are secretory proteins from the male sex accessory glands, such as the SEMINAL VESICLES and the PROSTATE. They include the seminal vesicle-specific antigen, an ejaculate clotting protein; and the PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, a protease and an esterase.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Sperm Maturation
Seeds
Abortion, Spontaneous
Semen Analysis
Surrogate Mothers
Morula
Gonadotropins
Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as GAMETOGENESIS and sex steroid hormone production in the OVARY and the TESTIS. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (GONADOTROPINS, PITUITARY) and the placenta (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN). In some species, pituitary PROLACTIN and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN exert some luteotropic activities.
Sperm Retrieval
Suction
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Spermatogenesis
Zebrafish
Buserelin
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Nitrogen
Fetal Viability
Vitrification
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Ionophores
Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.
Estradiol
Protamines
A group of simple proteins that yield basic amino acids on hydrolysis and that occur combined with nucleic acid in the sperm of fish. Protamines contain very few kinds of amino acids. Protamine sulfate combines with heparin to form a stable inactive complex; it is used to neutralize the anticoagulant action of heparin in the treatment of heparin overdose. (From Merck Index, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p692)
Oviducts
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Calcium Signaling
Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.
Progesterone
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer
A technique that came into use in the mid-1980's for assisted conception in infertile women with normal fallopian tubes. The protocol consists of hormonal stimulation of the ovaries, followed by laparoscopic follicular aspiration of oocytes, and then the transfer of sperm and oocytes by catheterization into the fallopian tubes.
Lytechinus
Gametogenesis
Nafarelin
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Mice, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.
Preimplantation Diagnosis
Annelida
Gonadotropins, Equine
Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.
Chromomycin A3
Endosperm
Nutritive tissue of the seeds of flowering plants that surrounds the EMBRYOS. It is produced by a parallel process of fertilization in which a second male gamete from the pollen grain fuses with two female nuclei within the embryo sac. The endosperm varies in ploidy and contains reserves of starch, oils, and proteins, making it an important source of human nutrition.
Phaeophyta
A division of predominantly marine EUKARYOTA, commonly known as brown algae, having CHROMATOPHORES containing carotenoid PIGMENTS, BIOLOGICAL. ALGINATES and phlorotannins occur widely in all major orders. They are considered the most highly evolved algae because of their well-developed multicellular organization and structural complexity.
Microscopy, Confocal
Human Characteristics
Culture Techniques
Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.
Beginning of Human Life
Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human
A major gonadotropin secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and the LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is common in the three human pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Life
The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)
Twins
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer
Pregnancy, Ectopic
A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (>96%) occur in the FALLOPIAN TUBES, known as TUBAL PREGNANCY. They can be in other locations, such as UTERINE CERVIX; OVARY; and abdominal cavity (PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL).
Leuprolide
Follicular Phase
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos
Amino Acid Sequence
Exocytosis
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Insemination, Artificial, Homologous
Models, Biological
Polar Bodies
Minute cells produced during development of an OOCYTE as it undergoes MEIOSIS. A polar body contains one of the nuclei derived from the first or second meiotic CELL DIVISION. Polar bodies have practically no CYTOPLASM. They are eventually discarded by the oocyte. (from King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Receptors, Cell Surface
Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.
Gastropoda
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous
Mammals
Xenopus laevis
Crosses, Genetic
Nuclear Transfer Techniques
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate
Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.
Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C
Endometriosis
Cells, Cultured
Fluorescent Dyes
Luteinizing Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Triplets
Luteal Phase
Arabidopsis
Aneuploidy
The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).
Triptorelin Pamoate
Cell Membrane
Soil
Larva
Single Embryo Transfer
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Povidone
Embryo Research
Experimentation on, or using the organs or tissues from, a human or other mammalian conceptus during the prenatal stage of development that is characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. In humans, this includes the period from the time of fertilization to the end of the eighth week after fertilization.
Chromatin
Bivalvia
Calcimycin
An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.
Personhood
The state or condition of being a human individual accorded moral and/or legal rights. Criteria to be used to determine this status are subject to debate, and range from the requirement of simply being a human organism to such requirements as that the individual be self-aware and capable of rational thought and moral agency.
Thimerosal
Caenorhabditis elegans
Treatment Outcome
Uterus
The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.
Prolonged mating in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) increases likelihood of ovulation and embryo number. (1/2757)
Prairie voles are induced ovulators that mate frequently in brief bouts over a period of approximately 24 h. We examined 1) impact of mating duration on ovulation and embryo number, 2) incidence of fertilization, 3) temporal pattern of embryo development, 4) embryo progression through the reproductive tract over time, and 5) embryo development in culture. Mating was videotaped to determine first copulation, and the ovaries were examined and the reproductive tracts flushed at 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h and 2, 3, and 4 days after first copulation. The number of mature follicles and fresh corpora lutea and the number and developmental stage of embryos were quantified. One, two-, and four-cell embryos were cultured in Whitten's medium. Mature follicles were present at the earliest time examined (6 h). Thirty-eight percent of females that had been paired for < 12 h after the first copulation ovulated, whereas all females paired >/= 12 h after the first copulation ovulated. Virtually all (> 99%) oocytes recovered from females paired for >/= 12 h after first copulation were fertilized. Pairing time after first copulation and mean copulation-bout duration were significant (p < 0.05) determinants of embryo number. Embryos entered the uterine horns and implanted on Days 3 and 4, respectively, after first copulation (Day 0). Embryos cultured in vitro underwent approximately one cell division per day, a rate similar to that in vivo. We conclude that prairie voles ovulate reliably after pairing for >/= 12 h, although some females showed exceptional sensitivity not predicted by the variables quantified. Prolonged mating for longer than 12 h increased the total embryos produced. This mechanism likely has adaptive significance for increasing offspring number. (+info)Male gametic cell-specific gene expression in flowering plants. (2/2757)
The role of the male gamete-the sperm cell-in the process of fertilization is to recognize, adhere to, and fuse with the female gamete. These highly specialized functions are expected to be controlled by activation of a unique set of genes. However, male gametic cells traditionally have been regarded as transcriptionally quiescent because of highly condensed chromatin and a very reduced amount of cytoplasm. Here, we provide evidence for male gamete-specific gene expression in flowering plants. We identified and characterized a gene, LGC1, which was shown to be expressed exclusively in the male gametic cells. The gene product of LGC1 was localized at the surface of male gametic cells, suggesting a possible role in sperm-egg interactions. These findings represent an important step toward defining the molecular mechanisms of male gamete development and the cellular processes involved in fertilization of flowering plants. (+info)Treatment of mouse oocytes with PI-PLC releases 70-kDa (pI 5) and 35- to 45-kDa (pI 5.5) protein clusters from the egg surface and inhibits sperm-oolemma binding and fusion. (3/2757)
The effect of phosphatidyinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) on mouse sperm-egg interaction was investigated in this study to determine if glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are involved in mammalian fertilization. When both sperm and zona-intact oocytes were pretreated with a highly purified preparation of PI-PLC and coincubated, there was no significant effect on sperm-zona pellucida binding; however, fertilization was reduced from 59.6% (control group) to 2.8% (treatment group). A similar reduction in fertilization rates was found when zona-intact oocytes were treated with PI-PLC and washed prior to incubation with untreated sperm. The effect of PI-PLC on sperm binding and fusion with zona-free oocytes was then investigated. Treatment of sperm with PI-PLC had no significant effect on sperm-egg binding or fusion. However, treatment of eggs with PI-PLC significantly reduced sperm-egg binding and fusion from 6.2 bound and 2.1 fused sperm per egg in the control group to 2.1 bound and 0.02 fused sperm per egg in the treatment group. This decrease in sperm-egg binding and fusion depended on the dose of PI-PLC employed, with a maximal inhibitory effect on binding and fusion at 5 and 1 U/ml, respectively. PI-PLC-treated oocytes could be artificially activated by calcium ionophore, demonstrating that the oocytes were functionally viable following treatment. Furthermore, treatment of oocytes with PI-PLC did not reduce the immunoreactivity of the non-GPI-anchored egg surface integrin, alpha6beta1. Taken together, these observations support the hypothesis that PI-PLC affects fertilization by specifically releasing GPI-anchored proteins from the oolemma. In order to identify the oolemmal GPI-anchored proteins involved in fertilization, egg surface proteins were labeled with sulfo-NHS biotin, treated with PI-PLC, and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by avidin blotting. A prominent high-molecular-weight protein cluster (approximately 70 kDa, pI 5) and a lower molecular weight (approximately 35-45 kDa, pI 5.5) protein cluster were released from the oolemmal surface as a result of PI-PLC treatment. It is likely that these GPI-anchored egg surface proteins are required for sperm-egg binding and fusion. (+info)Mutations in FIE, a WD polycomb group gene, allow endosperm development without fertilization. (4/2757)
A fundamental problem in biology is to understand how fertilization initiates reproductive development. Higher plant reproduction is unique because two fertilization events are required for sexual reproduction. First, a sperm must fuse with the egg to form an embryo. A second sperm must then fuse with the adjacent central cell nucleus that replicates to form an endosperm, which is the support tissue required for embryo and/or seedling development. Here, we report cloning of the Arabidopsis FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE) gene. The FIE protein is a homolog of the WD motif-containing Polycomb proteins from Drosophila and mammals. These proteins function as repressors of homeotic genes. A female gametophyte with a loss-of-function allele of fie undergoes replication of the central cell nucleus and initiates endosperm development without fertilization. These results suggest that the FIE Polycomb protein functions to suppress a critical aspect of early plant reproduction, namely, endosperm development, until fertilization occurs. (+info)Activation of Xenopus eggs by proteases: possible involvement of a sperm protease in fertilization. (5/2757)
Egg activation in cross-fertilization between Xenopus eggs and Cynops sperm may be caused by a protease activity against Boc-Gly-Arg-Arg-MCA in the sperm acrosome. To determine the role of the sperm protease in fertilization, the protease was purified from Cynops sperm using several chromatographic techniques. We found that purified sperm protease readily hydrolyzes Boc-Gly-Arg-Arg-MCA and Z-Arg-Arg-MCA, that protease activity was inhibited by the trypsin inhibitors aprotinin and leupeptin, and that not only the purified protease, but also cathepsin B, induces activation in Xenopus eggs. We inseminated unfertilized Xenopus eggs with homologous sperm in the presence of various peptidyl MCA substrates or protease inhibitors and demonstrated that trypsin inhibitors or MCA substrates containing Arg-Arg-MCA reversibly inhibited fertilization of both fully jellied and denuded eggs. Sperm motility was not affected by the reagents. An extract obtained from Xenopus sperm showed hydrolytic activity against Boc-Gly-Arg-Arg-MCA, Z-Arg-Arg-MCA, and Arg-MCA. These results suggest that the tryptic protease in Xenopus sperm is involved in fertilization, most likely by participating in egg activation. (+info)Evidence that a starfish egg Src family tyrosine kinase associates with PLC-gamma1 SH2 domains at fertilization. (6/2757)
The initiation of calcium release at fertilization in the eggs of most animals relies on the production of IP3, implicating the activation of phospholipase C. Recent work has demonstrated that injection of PLC-gamma SH2 domain fusion proteins into starfish eggs specifically inhibits the initiation of calcium release in response to sperm, indicating that PLC-gamma is necessary for Ca2+ release at fertilization [Carroll et al. (1997) J. Cell Biol. 138, 1303-1311]. Here we investigate how PLC-gamma may be activated, by using the PLC-gamma SH2 domain fusion protein as an affinity matrix to identify interacting proteins. A tyrosine kinase activity and an egg protein of ca. Mr 58 K that is recognized by an antibody directed against Src family tyrosine kinases associate with PLC-gamma SH2 domains in a fertilization-dependent manner. These associations are detected by 15 s postfertilization, consistent with a function in releasing Ca2+. Calcium ionophore treatment of eggs did not cause association of the kinase activity or of the Src family protein with the PLC-gamma SH2 domains. These data identify an egg Src family tyrosine kinase as a potential upstream regulator of PLC-gamma in the activation of starfish eggs. (+info)Na+/H+ antiporter activity in hamster embryos is activated during fertilization. (7/2757)
This study characterized the activation of the regulatory activity of the Na+/H+ antiporter during fertilization of hamster embryos. Hamster oocytes appeared to lack any mechanism for the regulation of intracellular pH in the acid range. Similarly, no Na+/H+ antiporter activity could be detected in embryos that were collected from the reproductive tract between 1 and 5 h post-egg activation (PEA). Activity of the Na+/H+ antiporter was first detected in embryos collected at 5.5 h PEA and gradually increased to reach maximal activity in embryos collected at 7 h PEA. Parthenogenetically activated one-cell and two-cell embryos demonstrate Na+/H+ antiporter activity, indicating that antiporter activity is maternally derived and initiated by activation of the egg. The inability of cycloheximide, colchicine, or cytochalasin D to affect initiation of antiporter activity indicates that antiporter appearance is not dependent on the synthesis of new protein or recruitment of existing protein to the cell membrane. In contrast, incubation of one-cell embryos with sphingosine did inhibit the appearance of Na+/H+ antiporter activity, showing that inhibition of normal protein kinase C activity is detrimental to antiporter function. Furthermore, incubation of oocytes with a phorbol ester which stimulates protein kinase C activity induced Na+/H+ antiporter activity in oocytes in which the activity was previously absent. Incubation with an intracellular calcium chelator also reduced the appearance of antiporter activity. Taken together, these data indicate that the appearance of Na+/H+ antiporter activity following egg activation may be due, at least in part, to regulation by protein kinase C and intracellular calcium levels. (+info)Nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions that control nuclear envelope breakdown and entry into mitosis in the sea urchin zygote. (8/2757)
In sea urchin zygotes and mammalian cells nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) is not driven simply by a rise in cytoplasmic cyclin dependent kinase 1-cyclin B (Cdk1-B) activity; the checkpoint monitoring DNA synthesis can prevent NEB in the face of mitotic levels of Cdk1-B. Using sea urchin zygotes we investigated whether this checkpoint prevents NEB by restricting import of regulatory proteins into the nucleus. We find that cyclin B1-GFP accumulates in nuclei that cannot complete DNA synthesis and do not break down. Thus, this checkpoint limits NEB downstream of both the cytoplasmic activation and nuclear accumulation of Cdk1-B1. In separate experiments we fertilize sea urchin eggs with sperm whose DNA has been covalently cross-linked to inhibit replication. When the pronuclei fuse, the resulting zygote nucleus does not break down for >180 minutes (equivalent to three cell cycles), even though Cdk1-B activity rises to greater than mitotic levels. If pronuclear fusion is prevented, then the female pronucleus breaks down at the normal time (average 68 minutes) and the male pronucleus with cross-linked DNA breaks down 16 minutes later. This male pronucleus has a functional checkpoint because it does not break down for >120 minutes if the female pronucleus is removed just prior to NEB. These results reveal the existence of an activity released by the female pronucleus upon its breakdown, that overrides the checkpoint in the male pronucleus and induces NEB. Microinjecting wheat germ agglutinin into binucleate zygotes reveals that this activity involves molecules that must be actively translocated into the male pronucleus. (+info)
External Fertilization occurs when an organism fertilised outside the body. - Find Your Free Essay Examples
The dynamics of plasma membrane PtdIns(4,5)P2 at fertilization of mouse eggs | Journal of Cell Science
Signal transduction in frog and ascidian eggs at fertilization by Linda Lorraine Runft
PDF | Understanding the Effects of Low Salinity on Fertilization Success and Early Development in the Sand Dollar...
Calcium Signaling in Mammalian Eggs at Fertilization | Bentham Science
Lecture - Fertilization - Embryology
Lecture - Fertilization - Embryology
External fertilization, Fertilization, By OpenStax | Jobilize
Animal reproductive system - Adaptations for internal fertilization | Britannica
Direct measurement of intracellular pH changes in Xenopus eggs at fertilization and cleavage. | Journal of Cell Biology |...
fertilization meaning in english
Topic 11.4: Sexual Reproduction - AMAZING WORLD OF SCIENCE WITH MR. GREEN
Cellular and molecular aspects of oocyte maturation and fertilization: a perspective from the actin cytoskeleton | Zoological...
Cellular and molecular aspects of oocyte maturation and fertilization: a perspective from the actin cytoskeleton | Zoological...
Researchers in Michigan found that sperm inject RNA as well as DNA into eggs at fertilization, which could explain why cloning,...
Lawn Fertilization | Ultra-Lawn
External Fertilization in Chordates | Sciencing
In Vitro Fertilization | Midwest Fertility Specialists
Fertilization: Avoiding Polyspermy
Sexual Reproductions in Animals: Syngamy and Conjugation | Biology
Difference between Pollination and Fertilization - Bio Differences
Phosphorylation of IP3R1 and the regulation of [Ca2+]i responses at fertilization: a role for the MAP kinase pathway |...
Natural and in vitro fertilisation - Stock Image C009/5898 - Science Photo Library
ZFIN GO: Biological Process: respiratory burst at fertilization
Fertility Problems: Should I Have a Tubal Procedure or In Vitro Fertilization? | Cone Health
A now large body of function has solidified the central function that mitochondria play in oocyte advancement, fertilization,...
Signaling Mechanisms of Polyspermy Block - Anne Carlson
1952 - Un protocole de fertilisation croisée dun langage fonctionnel et dun langage objet: application à la mise en oeuvre d...
Egg Fertilisation - Media set 949 - 48 per page (session default) - Science Photo Library
Zinc protection of fertilized eggs is an ancient feature of sexual reproduction in animals - Ominy Science
FoalMaker
Barriers to fertilisation, Biology
Fertilization | Technology Trends
Tree Fertilizations Tree Removal Houston Tree Removal Houston
Commercial Turf Fertilization | TLC Total Lawn Care
A Pro-Life Response to The unscientific nature of the concept that human life begins at fertilization, and why it matters -...
The cereals in America - Thomas Forsyth Hunt - Google Libros
Fertilization - Definition, Types and Process | Biology Dictionary
RNAProtein160-page16 - This results in part of the DNA beingbackwards and unreadable Many gametes are not viable after...
PPT - Pregnancy: From Fertilization to Birth PowerPoint Presentation - ID:2177940
Analysis of Culture Media for In Vitro Fertilization and Criteria for Success | SpringerLink
Ch 28 Pregnancy & Development - CH 28 Pr e gna nc y a n d Hum a n Dev e l op m e n t I From Egg to Embryo A Fertilization 1...
Gamates (ovum and sperm) Rejuvination Programs - SISU Hospital
Actin polymerization controls the activation of multidrug efflux at fertilization by translocation and fine-scale positioning...
Immunisation of ewes against oestradiol-17â in an attempt to increase the yield of viable - SASAS
Assisted fertilization
Global In vitro Fertilization Monitoring System Market Forecast And Trends Analysis Research Report 2020-2029 - TechnoVally
Male-by-female interactions influence fertilization success and mediate the benefits of polyandry in the sea urchin...
Family Law Week: Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 (Commencement No.3) Order 2010
Resolving Mechanisms of Competitive Fertilization Success in Drosophila melanogaster | Science
In vitro fertilization ethical issues pdf
In vitro fertilization efficiency in Acropora digitifera - [email protected]
In Vitro Fertilization FAQ - The Sampair Group
Ca²⁺oscillations and the cell cycle at fertilisation of mammalian and ascidian eggs
Cell surface changes in the egg at fertilization - Wessel - 2009 - Molecular Reproduction and Development - Wiley Online Library
NAADP and InsP<sub>3</sub> play distinct roles at fertilization in starfish...
In Vitro Fertilization with ICSI Cost in Chennai & Best Hospitals for In Vitro Fertilization with ICSI in Chennai
In Vitro Fertilization with ICSI Cost in Mumbai & Best Hospitals for In Vitro Fertilization with ICSI in Mumbai
The short-term effects of fertilization on loblolly pine photosynthesis and biomass | Publications | SRS
Fertilization | definition of fertilization by Medical dictionary
Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Mitochondrial Donation) Regulations 2015 - 3 Feb 2015 at 15:28 - The Public Whip
K.Hariharan (Hariharan Krishnamurthy): Facing trouble conceiving? 3 Reasons you should consider IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation)
Rising Rate of Infertility to Impel the Growth of In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Hormones Market in Future, according to Research...
Plus it
Fertilization tubules in wild-type (A) and ida5 (B) mt+ | Open-i
Publication | The Charged Milieu: A Major Player in Fertilization Reactions | ID: s1784p40g | ScholarWorks
in-vitro fertilization
Adjuvant Growth Therapy in in Vitro Fertilization - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Double Delivery During Plant Fertilization | Science Signaling
An elevated free cytosolic Ca2+ wave follows fertilization in eggs of the frog, Xenopus laevis. | Journal of Cell Biology |...
ICSI low fertilization rate - www.ivf-infertility.com
In-Vitro Fertilization Market Overview, Merger and Acquisitions, Business Opportunities, Segments and Industry Forecast By 2027...
In-Vitro Fertilization Market Overview, Merger and Acquisitions, Business Opportunities, Segments and Industry Forecast By 2027...
Insights on nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation in global croplands from theoretical and modelling fertilization experiments ...
Česky, Nursery Fertilization Experiment
Back of the Envelope: In Vitro Fertilization
In Vitro Fertilization Rochester NH - IVF, Rochester NH ICSI, Rochester NH FET, Rochester NH in vitro fertilization,...
In Vitro Fertilization Casper WY - IVF, Casper WY ICSI, Casper WY FET, Casper WY in vitro fertilization, Casper WY ...
Actin-mediated surface motility during sea urchin fertilization
In-vitro fertilization market is thus estimated to grow at a CAGR of 9.3% from 2019 to 2027, to reach a market value of USD 37...
Practical Manual of In Vitro Fertilization
In-vitro Fertilization (IVF) Devices Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth Opportunities, Future Trends, Covid...
Fertilization Affects Severity of Disease Caused by Fungal Plant Patho by Kathyrn Morris, S. D. Veresoglou et al.
Phosphorus Fertilization Strategies for Alfalfa Hay Production followe by Antonio P. Mallarino and David Rueber
In-vitro Fertilization Devices Market Expand Steadily in the Coming Years till 2026 - Redhill Market Analytics
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Process start to finish explained - Indira IVF
IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) - Ин витро клиника, акушерство и гинекология България
Rational Fertilization - Sparkle-Project
Foliar fertilization of soybean: Is it useful to supplement primary fertilization? | Integrated Crop Management
Reproductive
BonnerSprings.com | Its official: Brownback signs bill saying life begins at fertilization
Lentil
Cultivation management, fertilization[edit]. In intercropping systems - a practice commonly used in lentil cultivation - ...
Carbon sequestration
Iron fertilization[edit]. Main article: Iron fertilization. Ocean iron fertilization is an example of a geoengineering ... Urea fertilization[edit]. Main article: Ocean nourishment. Ian Jones proposes fertilizing the ocean with urea, a nitrogen rich ... 2 of iron fertilization induced changes in the ocean's biological pump". Biogeosciences. 5 (2): 385-406. doi:10.5194/bg-5-385- ... Natural iron fertilisation events (e.g., deposition of iron-rich dust into ocean waters) can enhance carbon sequestration. ...
Endometriosis and infertility
In vitro fertilization[edit]. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures are effective in improving fertility in many women with ...
Prenatal development
Fertilization of the egg cell (ovum), usually takes place in one of the Fallopian tubes. Many sperm are released with the ... Prior to fertilization, each ovum, as a gamete, contains half of the genetic material that will fuse with the male gamete, ... U.K. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), regulatory agency overseeing the use of gametes and embryos in ... The blastocyst reaches the uterus at roughly the fifth day after fertilization. It is here that lysis of the zona pellucida ...
Flowering plant
In gymnosperms, fertilization can occur up to a year after pollination, whereas in angiosperms, fertilization begins very soon ... Double fertilization refers to a process in which two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovule. This process begins when a ... The function of the flower is to ensure fertilization of the ovule and development of fruit containing seeds. The floral ... In the act of fertilization, a male sperm nucleus fuses with the female egg nucleus to form a diploid zygote that can then ...
Molecular ecology
Extra-pair fertilizations[edit]. In recent years, molecular data and analyses have been able to supplement traditional ... One behavior that molecular data has helped scientists better understand is extra-pair fertilizations (EPFs), also known as ... "Changes in fungal community composition in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen fertilization varies with soil ...
Seahorse
Fertilization. During fertilization in Hippocampus kuda the brood pouch was found to be open only for six seconds while egg ... The fertilization is therefore regarded as being physiologically 'external' within a physically 'internal' environment after ... Within the Syngnathidae (pipefishes and seahorses) protected fertilization has not been documented in the pipefishes but the ... The eggs of most other fish are abandoned immediately after fertilization.[25] ...
Ocean storage of carbon dioxide
Iron fertilization[edit]. Role of iron in carbon sequestration[edit]. Ocean iron fertilization is an example of a ... Urea fertilization[edit]. According to Ramsay et al.,[67] urea fertilization could cause damage to the rich marine biodiversity ... These include the use of iron fertilization, urea fertilization, mixing layers, seaweed,[28][29] as well as direct carbon ... Seaweed fertilization[edit]. Main article: seaweed farming. In order to mitigate global warming, seaweed farming is both ...
Cephalopod
Fertilization[edit]. Cephalopods are not broadcast spawners. During the process of fertilization, the females use sperm ... Internal fertilization is seen only in octopods.[76] The initiation of copulation begins when the male catches a female and ... The males then initiate the process of fertilization by contracting their mantle several times to release the spermatozoa.[79] ... To ensure the fertilization of the eggs, female cephalopods release a sperm-attracting peptide through the gelatinous layers of ...
Prenatal development
8th week fertilization age). The first two weeks from fertilization is also referred to as the germinal stage or preembryonic ... Fertilization marks the first germinal stage of embryonic development. When semen is released into the vagina, the spermatozoa ... The development of the human embryo follows fertilization, and continues as fetal development. By the end of the tenth week of ... U.K. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), regulatory agency overseeing the use of gametes and embryos in ...
Hay
Fertilization and weed control[edit]. Modern hay production often relies on artificial fertilizer and herbicides. Traditionally ... However, organic forms of fertilization and weed control are required for hay grown for consumption by animals whose meat will ...
Vertebrate
... self-fertilization does provide the benefit of fertilization assurance (reproductive assurance) at each generation.[72] ... Self-fertilization[edit]. Two killifish species, the mangrove killifish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) and Kryptolebias ... These fuse by the process of fertilisation to form diploid zygotes, which develop into new individuals. ... Parthenogenesis is a natural form of reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. ...
Tomatillo
Fertilization and field management[edit]. Tomatillo plants can reach heights of 1.5 to 2 meters. Due to its rapid and branching ... Fertilization is recommended at a moderate level. An application of 40 - 90 kg/ha of phosphorus is common. Depending on soil ... regular fertilization is recommended. Even though tomatillo plants becomes more drought tolerant the older they get, regular ...
Infertility
from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. *^ Lessy, B.A. (2000) Medical management of endometriosis and ... In vitro fertilization[edit]. IVF is the most commonly used ART. It has been proven useful in overcoming infertility conditions ... In-vitro fertilization and donor insemination are major procedures involved. Epidemiology[edit]. Prevalence of infertility ... Fertilization takes place outside the body, and the fertilized egg is reinserted into the woman's reproductive tract, in a ...
Siliceous ooze
Iron fertilization projects like the SERIES iron-enrichment experiments have introduced iron into ocean basins to test if this ...
Tubal ligation
This prevents the fertilization of eggs by sperm and thus the implantation of a fertilized egg. Tubal ligation is considered a ... Reversal or in vitro fertilization after tubal ligation[edit]. Main article: Tubal reversal ... Alternatively, in vitro fertilization (IVF) may allow patients with absent or occluded fallopian tubes to successfully carry a ... as opposed to pregnancy via in vitro fertilization) in the future. While both hysterectomy (the removal of the uterus) or ...
Usuario:Claud espirocha/Taller, la enciclopedia libre
Mammalian fertilization uses a comparable process to combine haploid sperm and egg cells (gametes) to create a diploid ... Wassarman, PM; Jovine, L; Litscher, ES (Feb 2001). «A profile of fertilization in mammals.». Nature Cell Biology 3 (2): E59-64 ... Similarities to and differences from mammalian fertilization[editar]. Mammals, including humans, also combine genetic material ... Wassarman, Paul M.; Jovine, Luca; Litscher, Eveline S. (1 February 2001). «A profile of fertilization in mammals». Nature Cell ...
Abortion Act 1967
1.1 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. *1.2 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 *1.2.1 50th Anniversary of ... Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990[edit]. Changes to the Abortion Act 1967 were introduced in Parliament through the ... Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008[edit]. There was widespread action across the country to oppose any attempts to ... restrict choice[10][11][12] via the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill (now Act) in Parliament (Report Stage and Third ...
Sperm motility
Fertilization. Carlifornia: Academic press. p. 29. ISBN 0-12-311629-5.. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) ... Sperm motility describes the ability of sperm to move properly through the female reproductive tract (internal fertilization) ... Yanagimachi, R. (1994). Mammalian fertilization. In "The Physiology of Reproduction" (E.Knobil and J. D. Neill, eds.), pp. 189- ... or through water (external fertilization) to reach the egg. Sperm motility can also be thought of as the quality, which is a ...
Coated urea
Sulfur-coated urea products can only be applied in granular form, and thus cannot be applied via liquid fertilization methods. ... These fertilizers mitigate some of the negative aspects of urea fertilization, such as fertilizer burn. The coatings release ... Labeling of fertilizer Turf management Urea-formaldehyde Christians, Nick (2004). "Fertilization". Fundamentals of Turfgrass ...
Sex
Crossing over and fertilization (the recombining of single sets of chromosomes to make a new diploid) result in the new ... Within the ovary are ovules which develop into seeds after fertilization. When a pollen grain lands upon the stigma on top of a ... Animals which live in the water can mate using external fertilization, where the eggs and sperm are released into and combine ... They are specialized for motility, seeking out an egg cell and fusing with it in a process called fertilization. Female gametes ...
Embryonic development
Fertilization is the fusion of gametes to produce a new organism. In animals, the process involves a sperm fusing with an ovum ... Depending on the animal species, the process can occur within the body of the female in internal fertilization, or outside in ... Slow block begins the first few seconds after fertilization and is when the release of calcium causes the cortical reaction, ... Chapter 7 Fertilization: Beginning a new organism. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Gilbert, Scott (2000). Developmental Biology. 6th ...
Pregnancy
Fertilization is the event where the egg cell fuses with the male gamete, spermatozoon. After the point of fertilization, the ... Fertilization can also occur by assisted reproductive technology such as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilisation. ... Fertilization (conception) is sometimes used as the initiation of pregnancy, with the derived age being termed fertilization ... In case of in vitro fertilization, calculating days since oocyte retrieval or co-incubation and adding 14 days.[26] ...
Related changes
talk , contribs) (→Fertilization). 10 December 2017. *(Move log); 06:51 . . Malayy. (talk , contribs) moved page UCLA School ...
Sinotaia quadrata
Integrated fish farming in China Chapter 3 POND FERTILIZATION AND FISH FEEDS. Pond Fertilization. Integrated Fish Farming in ... Chapter III Pond fertilization and fish feeds. Network of Agriculture centres in Asia, Bangkok, Thailand. 371 pp. Young, S.-S ...
Foliar feeding
Where Does Foliar Fertilization Fit In?, Plant Nutrition TODAY, International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI), Spring 2008, No ... Fageria, N. K.; Filho, M.P. Barbosa; Moreira, A.; Guimarães, C. M. (2009). "Foliar Fertilization of Crop Plants". Journal of ... George Kuepper, NCAT Agriculture Specialist (2003). "Foliar Fertilization". ATTRA Publication #CT135. ...
Lukas Ligeti
Lubow, Arthur (2012). "Cross-Fertilization". The Threepenny Review (128): 26-27. ISSN 0275-1410. JSTOR 41550156. "Lukas Ligeti ...
Ejaculation - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fertilization[change , change source]. Main article: Fertilization. When a man has sexual intercourse with a woman, he places ... This is called fertilization, and makes the woman pregnant. However, before a man ejaculates, a clear, colourless, sticky fluid ...
Meiosis - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The significance of fertilization[change , change source]. The offspring gets a set of chromosomes from each parent so that, ... Fertilization restores the chromosomes in body cells to the diploid number. ...
Mating
Fertilization is the fusion of both sex cell or gamete.[2] Copulation is the union of the sex organs of two sexually ... "Fertilization' - definition of". Farlex, Inc. Retrieved 25 January 2014.. *^ Libbie Henrietta Hyman (15 September 1992). ... Mating may also lead to external fertilization, as seen in amphibians, fishes and plants. For the majority of species, mating ... Vertebrates (such as reptiles, some fish, and most birds) reproduce with internal fertilization through cloacal copulation (see ...
In Vitro Fertilization(IVF) One Stop Resources - IVF Authority
IVF: A Complete Guide to Understanding In Vitro Fertilization. In Vitro Fertilization(IVF) is the main type of assisted ... Because fertilization takes place outside the body (without the use of fallopian tubes), its an option for women whove had ... When you first set out to use in vitro fertilization, doctors are going to restart your hormone cycle so that they can more ... If the sperm is already highly motile, the sperm and eggs are combined in a dish, and hopefully fertilization takes place ...
cross-fertilization - Wiktionary
cross-fertilization (countable and uncountable, plural cross-fertilizations) *Fertilization by the union of gametes of ... fertilization by the union of gametes of different plants (sometimes of different species) ... Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=cross-fertilization&oldid=59850906" ...
Fertilisation - Wikipedia
Fertilisation in protists[edit]. Fertilisation in protozoa[edit]. There are three types of fertilisation processes in protozoa: ... Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation,[1] ... This article is about fertilisation in animals and plants. For fertilisation in humans specifically, see Human fertilization. ... Fertilisation in plants[edit]. In the Bryophyte land plants, fertilisation takes place within the archegonium. This moss has ...
Fertilization in Bats | SpringerLink
Krutzsch P.H., Crichton E.G. (1991) Fertilization in Bats. In: Dunbar B.S., ORand M.G. (eds) A Comparative Overview of ... Uchida, T. A., 1957, Fertilization and hibernation in bats, Heredity (Tokyo) 11: 14-17.Google Scholar ... Hiraiwa, Y. K., and Uchida, T. A., 1956b, Fertilization in the bat, Pipistrellus abramus. A successful example of artificial ... Hiraiwa, Y. K., and Uchida, T. A., 1956a, Fertilization in the bat, Pipistrellus abramus abramus (Temminck) III. Fertilizing ...
in vitro fertilization | Infoplease
in vitro fertilization vē´trō, vĭ´trō [key] (IVF), technique for conception of a human embryo outside the mothers body. ... See also artificial insemination ; fertilization ; reproductive system ; surrogate mother . See L. Andrews, The Clone Age (1999 ... If fertilization is successful, a fertilized ovum (or several fertilized ova), after undergoing several cell divisions, is ... By 2012 the use of in vitro fertilization had resulted in the birth of more than 5 million babies worldwide. Nevertheless, the ...
What Does Fertilization Mean?
In other words, fertilization is an event that occurs when a single sperm enters a mature egg, releasing its genetic material ... Fertilization is the union of male sperm and female egg. ... What Does Fertilization Mean?. * When Are You Fertile? *How ... Fertilization is the union of male sperm and female egg. In other words, fertilization is an event that occurs when a single ... home/health & living health center/what does fertilization mean center /what does fertilization mean? article ...
Fertilization | SpringerLink
Fertilization-the fusion of gametes to produce a new organism-is the culmination of a multitude of intricately regulated ... In Caenorhabditis elegans, fertilization is highly efficient. Sperm become fertilization competent after undergoing a ... Fertilization Oocyte-to-embryo transition Egg activation Spermiogenesis Sperm activation Eggshell Polyspermy Sperm migration ... Marcello MR, Singson A (2010) Fertilization and the oocyte-to-embryo transition in C. elegans. BMB Rep 43(6):389-399PubMed ...
Clinical In Vitro Fertilization - Google Books
In vitro fertilization has resulted in an estimated 4000-5000 births in the world. The procedure has been accepted in Europe, ... Fertilization.html?id=bp1sAAAAMAAJ&utm_source=gb-gplus-shareClinical In Vitro Fertilization. ... In vitro fertilization has resulted in an estimated 4000-5000 births in the world. The procedure has been accepted in Europe, ... embryo transfer embryo viability embryos frozen Fert Embryo Transfer Fertil Steril fertilization and embryo fertilization rate ...
Keyword: fertilization | Rocky Mountain Research Station
Assortative fertilization in Drosophila | PNAS
Assortative fertilization is a subtype of fertilization barrier that depends upon characters of the female and male such that ... A failure at any of these steps prevents fertilization. To promote assortative fertilization, there must be some degree of ... In organisms such as Drosophila where fertilization is internal and females store sperm, postmating barriers to fertilization ... Our interest, however, is not in all barriers to fertilization, only with those that underlie assortative fertilization. ...
fertilization | Steps, Process, & Facts | Britannica
In higher organisms the essence of fertilization is the fusion of the hereditary material of two different sex cells. Learn ... Fertilization, union of a paternal sperm nucleus with a maternal egg nucleus to form the primary nucleus of an embryo. ... about the process of fertilization in this article. ... Fertilization, union of a sperm nucleus, of paternal origin, ... Fertilization in advanced plants is preceded by pollination, during which pollen is transferred to, and establishes contact ...
CO2 Fertilization « RealClimate
While CO2 fertilization could help to increase above ground vegetation a bit, storing more than a few tens of percent of the ... This effect is known as "CO2 fertilization" because, in the envisioned scenario, higher ambient CO2 concentrations in the ... A few simple calculations indicate that any hypothesized co2 fertilization response is unlikely to offset a significant ... "co2 fertilization" could potentially provide a strong negative feedback on changing CO2 concentrations. ...
In Vitro Fertilization Treatment - Community Care
VA regulations were amended to offer in vitro fertilization (IVF) evaluation and treatment to Veterans with certain service- ... In Vitro Fertilization Treatment. Veterans with certain service-connected conditions that result in infertility may be eligible ... Handout for Veterans: In Vitro Fertilization Treatment. Describes availability of IVF treatment for Veterans and their spouses. ... Describes treatment options available for Veterans with service-connected infertility, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) ...
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Insemination and fertilization. During these steps, the male partners sperm is mixed with the best of the retrieved eggs, to ... This happens about three or four days after fertilization occurs and requires a single cell to be removed from each embryo. ... Embryo transfer into the womb is carried out within three to five days after fertilization. It must implant into the ... It started in 1978 with the birth of Louise Brown by in vitro fertilization (IVF) to a previously infertile couple. ...
RhymeZone: self-fertilization synonyms
Mechanism and control of animal fertilization - Google Books
Mechanism and control of animal fertilization. Cell biology. Personality and Psychopathology. Cell Biology - Academic Press. ... cortical reaction cytoplasmic decondensation Dunbar egg surface embryo envelope enzyme Epel epididymal Fawcett fertilization ... gb-gplus-shareMechanism and control of animal fertilization. ... Mechanism and control of animal fertilization. John F. Hartmann ...
The Fertilisation of Flowers | Nature
... and his theory of the adaptation of flowers to fertilisation by insects is one that will ever be associated with his name. In ... CHRISTIAN CONRAD SPRENGELS treatise on the structure and fertilisation of flowers, after well nigh a century of oblivion, has ... The Fertilisation of Flowers Nature volume 28, pages513-514(1883)Cite this article ... The Fertilisation of Flowers.. By Prof. Hermann Müller. Translated and Edited by DArcy W. Thompson, B.A., Scholar of Trinity ...
About: Fertilization
Can You Deduct In Vitro Fertilization Costs?
In vitro fertilization | medical technology | Britannica.com
In vitro fertilization (IVF), medical procedure in which mature egg cells are removed from a woman, fertilized with male sperm ... In vitro fertilization (IVF), also called test-tube conception, medical procedure in which mature egg cells are removed from a ... Fertilization generally occurs within 12 to 48 hours. The potential embryo is then placed in a growth medium, where it is ... In vitro fertilization is generally undertaken only after an exhaustive evaluation of infertility has been made. A number of ...
Fall Fertilization Infographic at The Home Depot
And if you want a better understanding of the whys and how-tos of fall fertilization, weve created this easy-to-follow fall ... A lush, green and healthy spring lawn starts with fall fertilization. ... fertilization infographic just for you.. From when to fertilize to which lawn fertilizers to use and tips for choosing the ...
Flame Retardants May Impair In Vitro Fertilization
... ... The findings link exposure to PFRs in women undergoing IVF to a lower probability of embryo fertilization and implantation, as ... The women with the highest concentrations of PFR metabolites had lower rates of successful fertilization and implantation of ... in urine is associated with negative in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in women, according to an NIEHS-funded study. ...
Iron Fertilization Could Harm Aquatic Life - Redorbit
Nitrogen Fertilization - University of Saskatchewan
Nitrogen Fertilization. INTRODUCTION Maintenance of a snow cover during the winter is necessary for successful winter wheat ... Consequently, N fertilization has an important influence on both the income and expense columns of the winter wheat balance ... Yield responses to N will be small if the plants early season demands are not met because of delays in N fertilization. A ... Late fall N fertilization avoids this problem. However, reduced grain yield and percent protein, attributed primarily to ...
Results for 'fertilization' - Catholic Online
Double fertilization - Wikipedia
In vitro double fertilization[edit]. In vitro double fertilization is often used to study the molecular interactions as well as ... Double Fertilization in Gymnosperms[edit]. A far more rudimentary form of double fertilization occurs in the sexual ... Double fertilization is a complex fertilization mechanism of flowering plants (angiosperms). This process involves the joining ... Double fertilization was discovered more than a century ago by Sergei Nawaschin and Grignard in Kiev,[4] Russian Empire, and ...
Fertilization
Carbon Dioxide Fertilization Greening Earth, Study Finds | NASA
Fertilization-independent seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana | PNAS
In many apomictic plants, seed development does occur without fertilization or with only partial fertilization (3). In ... Fertilization-independent seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Abdul M. Chaudhury, Luo Ming, Celia Miller, Stuart Craig, ... Fertilization-independent seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Abdul M. Chaudhury, Luo Ming, Celia Miller, Stuart Craig, ... Fertilization-independent seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Abdul M. Chaudhury, Luo Ming, Celia Miller, Stuart Craig, ...
OccursOvumConceptionInseminationSelf-fertilisationEmbryosZygoteGametesEggsInfertilityPollinationSoilIntracytoplasmic sperm injMammalian FertilizationDouble fertilization2020OocytesReproductiveEmbryo transferOccurUterusOrganismsVitro Fertilization TreatmentSpeciesScientistsAngiospermsIron fertilizationLaboratoryPreimplantation genetic dMolecularBiologyPollen grainSecond spermFrozen-thawedMechanismOocyteNucleusDays after fertilizationOptimumFertilizeNitrogen FertilizationPlantExternal fertilizationFertilityAdvantagesInitiateHumansReproductionMan's spermWorld's largestObservationsUndertakenPlants
Occurs18
- In other words, fertilization is an event that occurs when a single sperm enters a mature egg, releasing its genetic material into that egg. (medicinenet.com)
- Fertilization generally occurs in a fallopian tube (uterine tubes). (medicinenet.com)
- if the fertile cervical mucus is present, having intercourse before ovulation occurs can ensure sperm is waiting for the egg, giving the egg a higher chance of fertilization. (medicinenet.com)
- The highly specialized gametes begin their interactions by signaling to one another to ensure that fertilization occurs when they meet. (springer.com)
- Involving either positive assortative fertilization (as opposed to self-incompatibility) or negative assortative fertilization, it occurs after mating but prior to fertilization. (pnas.org)
- The difference is that assortative fertilization occurs at a later place in the sequence between mating and offspring production. (pnas.org)
- These transparent eggs are valuable for studies observing living cells and for biochemical and molecular investigations because the time of fertilization can be accurately fixed, the development of many eggs occurs at about the same rate under suitable conditions, and large quantities of the eggs are obtainable. (britannica.com)
- This happens about three or four days after fertilization occurs and requires a single cell to be removed from each embryo. (news-medical.net)
- Fertilization generally occurs within 12 to 48 hours. (britannica.com)
- A far more rudimentary form of double fertilization occurs in the sexual reproduction of an order of gymnosperms commonly known as Gnetales. (rug.nl)
- External fertilization typically occurs in water or a moist area to facilitate the movement of sperm to the egg. (wikipedia.org)
- Fertilization occurs naturally when upwellings bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, as occurs when ocean currents meet an ocean bank or a sea mount. (wikipedia.org)
- In many animals, such as mammals, fertilization occurs inside the body of the female. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Fertilization occurs when a sperm penetrates the outer layer of the egg. (inspq.qc.ca)
- Subchorionic hematoma occurs more frequently in in vitro fertilization pregnancy. (nih.gov)
- In flowering plants, reproductive function is confined inside of the flower, where sex cells are produced, fertilization occurs and seeds eventually develop. (gardenguides.com)
- This is in contrast to normal 'in vivo' conception, in which fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube of a woman's reproductive tract. (faqs.org)
- These results indicate that what has been observed in in vitro fertilization (IVF) differs significantly from what occurs during "physiological" fertilization. (jci.org)
Ovum5
- If fertilization is successful, a fertilized ovum (or several fertilized ova), after undergoing several cell divisions, is either transferred to the mother's or a surrogate mother's body for normal development in the uterus, or frozen for later implantation. (infoplease.com)
- Problems that affect ovulation or the ability of the ovum to enter the fallopian tube and move to the proper place for fertilization can cause infertility in women. (reachoutmichigan.org)
- mamabunny26 and @mydamonn: From what I have known of in vitro fertilization, both the sperm and ovum are fertilized in a test tube and it is implanted into your uterus but before all that, the doctor must first get an ovum from the woman. (wisegeek.com)
- How is the ovum transported to the site of fertilization? (studystack.com)
- The first cell of a new and unique human life begins existence at the moment of conception (fertilization) when one living sperm from the father joins with one living ovum from the mother. (lifesitenews.com)
Conception8
- in vitro fertilization vē´trō, vĭ´trō [ key ] (IVF), technique for conception of a human embryo outside the mother's body. (infoplease.com)
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) , also called test-tube conception , medical procedure in which mature egg cells are removed from a woman, fertilized with male sperm outside the body, and inserted into the uterus of the same or another woman for normal gestation . (britannica.com)
- The process of fertilization is also known as conception, fecundation and syngamy. (issuu.com)
- However, when a couple has difficulty conceiving in the traditional manner, in vitro fertilization allows for conception outside the body. (reachoutmichigan.org)
- McMahon CA, Ungerer JA, Tennant CC and Saunders DM (2000) Psychosocial adjustment and the quality of the mother-child relationship at four months postpartum after conception by in vitro fertilization. (els.net)
- In vitro fertilization can be used when other conception methods have proven unsuccessful. (wisegeek.com)
- Archbishop Jozef Michalik, chairman of the Episcopate, said that it didn't matter for the Church which parties lent their support to the legislative proposal as long as they understood the Church's position on the need to protect all human life from the moment of conception and its condemnation of in vitro fertilization, where embryos are routinely destroyed. (lifesitenews.com)
- March 10, 2017 ( LiveActionNews ) -- The scientific community continues to prove that human life begins at conception (fertilization). (lifesitenews.com)
Insemination6
- Processes such as insemination or pollination which happen before the fusion of gametes are also sometimes informally called fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
- Insemination and fertilization. (news-medical.net)
- It is contrasted with internal fertilization, in which sperm are introduced via insemination and then combine with an egg inside the body of a female organism. (wikipedia.org)
- In-vitro fertilization is ideal for women who have not been able to become pregnant through regular unprotected intercourse or after 12 cycles of artificial insemination. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In a process called insemination , the sperm and eggs are mixed together and stored in a laboratory dish to encourage fertilization. (americanpregnancy.org)
- The SGF Tampa practice was formed in 2018, and provides convenient access to highly specialized fertility care, including diagnostic testing and low and high tech treatment options, such as intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), donor egg treatment, egg freezing, oncofertility and LGBTQ family building. (usf.edu)
Self-fertilisation3
- Self-fertilisation isn't uncommon in the animal world. (gizmodo.com.au)
- Nematode worms have made the switch from sex to self-fertilisation several times. (gizmodo.com.au)
- A new study found that switching to self-fertilisation shaves time off lifespans in a population, and researchers have a few ideas as to why. (gizmodo.com.au)
Embryos17
- Embryos are placed into the woman's womb 3 to 5 days after egg retrieval and fertilization. (medlineplus.gov)
- Some embryos are destroyed as a result of in vitro fertilization. (slate.com)
- A new study published in the journal Fertility and Sterility in February 2020 reports a higher risk for mortality in children who were conceived by the in vitro fertilization (IVF) technique followed by freezing of the embryos, compared to those naturally conceived, but only in the first few weeks of life. (news-medical.net)
- Once the embryos are ready for transferring, between two and five days after fertilization, your doctor will use a tube to gently release the embryos into your uterus. (health.am)
- The ethical issues with in vitro fertilization include the many human embryos killed in the IVF process, and the "pregnancy reductions" (read: abortions) that often follow. (hli.org)
- The embryos are usually transferred into the woman's uterus three to five days following egg retrieval and fertilization. (americanpregnancy.org)
- Liquid nitrogen can be used to freeze embryos created during in vitro fertilization. (wisegeek.com)
- Some couples decide to freeze embryos that are generated but not transferred during in vitro fertilization. (wisegeek.com)
- The process involves ovulation induction, egg retrieval, fertilization and implantation of embryos into the uterus. (modernmom.com)
- About 2 or 3 days after fertilization, the clinician chooses the healthy embryos that will be transferred into the woman's uterus. (modernmom.com)
- These embryos have been produced in the procedure called in vitro fertilization, which seems to enjoy ever wider acceptance by the American public. (catholicculture.org)
- A faulty understanding of the ethical drawbacks of in vitro fertilization has already led to a naive acceptance of the destruction of human embryos that now threatens to pave the way for embryonic stem cell research. (catholicculture.org)
- Changes have been made to artificial reproduction regulations to limit the number of embryos implanted during in vitro fertilization, the Health Promotion Administration (HPA) said. (taipeitimes.com)
- A 2011 national survey conducted by the agency showed that out of those who had undertaken in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the country, only 31.7 percent had restricted the number of embryos implanted to one or two, a percentage that paled in comparison with Europe's 75.6 percent. (taipeitimes.com)
- This story probes the ethical boundaries of Assisted Reproduction Technologies, such as IVF or in vitro fertilization, which creates surplus embryos, and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, which screens embryos for disease or for traits, such as gender. (denverpost.com)
- The study, which included a survey of outcomes for 263,375 in vitro fertilization cycles, found elective single-embryo transfer leads to fewer adverse results in comparison to the transfer of multiple embryos with in vitro fertilization. (denverpost.com)
- Historically, the transfer of multiple embryos with in vitro fertilization has been the preferred method to maximize pregnancy rates, but that practice also can result in twins, triplets and other multiple gestations as well as complications from premature birth. (denverpost.com)
Zygote4
- This presentation will concern itself with factors influencing assortative fertilization, once copulation has occurred, but prior to zygote formation, during the "chains of reactions that bring about the actual union of gametes. (pnas.org)
- The result of fertilization is a cell ( zygote ) capable of undergoing cell division to form a new individual. (britannica.com)
- After the process of fertilization, the zygote travels down the Fallopian tube toward the uterus. (issuu.com)
- Human development begins at fertilization when a sperm fuses with an oocyte to form a single cell, the zygote. (lifesitenews.com)
Gametes17
- Fertilization by the union of gametes of different plants (sometimes of different species ). (wiktionary.org)
- Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences ), also known as generative fertilisation , syngamy and impregnation , [1] is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a new individual organism or offspring and initiate its development. (wikipedia.org)
- The gametes that participate in fertilisation of plants are the sperm (male) and the egg (female) cell. (wikipedia.org)
- Fertilization-the fusion of gametes to produce a new organism-is the culmination of a multitude of intricately regulated cellular processes. (springer.com)
- These events were attributed to "chains of reaction that bring about the actual union of gametes, or fertilization proper. (pnas.org)
- This, however, is only half of the story because, as with assortative mating, nonrandom union of gametes may vary between homogamy or positive assortative fertilization, and heterogamy, negative assortative fertilization, with implications for population differentiation similar to those of positive and negative assortative mating. (pnas.org)
- Assortative fertilization is a subtype of fertilization barrier that depends upon characters of the female and male such that gametes from like or unlike parents have a greater or lesser than random chance of uniting. (pnas.org)
- In the genus Drosophila , there is an incredible amount of variation in gametes and other internal reproductive characters with the potential to influence assortative fertilization. (pnas.org)
- In all organisms the essence of fertilization is, in fact, the fusion of the hereditary material of two different sex cells , or gametes , each of which carries half the number of chromosomes typical of the species . (britannica.com)
- The first significant event in fertilization is the fusion of the membranes of the two gametes, resulting in the formation of a channel that allows the passage of material from one cell to the other. (britannica.com)
- We used fucoid seaweeds to examine whether marine organisms in intertidal and subtidal habitats might achieve high levels of fertilization by restricting their release of gametes to calm intervals. (pnas.org)
- Sessile adult staged animals commonly produce gametes at the same times, also known as a synchronized release of gametes, for external fertilization in the water column. (wikipedia.org)
- Although fertilization is usually thought of as a short-term process, there is the possibility of gametes being retained on the surface of an animal for an extended period of time. (wikipedia.org)
- The website stated "GIFT is similar to IVF, but the gametes (egg and sperm) are transferred to the fallopian tubes rather than the uterus, and fertilization takes place in the tubes rather than in the laboratory. (empowher.com)
- Double fertilization is a defining feature of flowering plants and involves two nonmotile male gametes (sperm cells) and two female gametes (egg cell and central cell). (sciencemag.org)
- W. J. Snell, Plant gametes do fertilization with a twist. (sciencemag.org)
- Fertilization is the process by which male and female haploid gametes (sperm and egg) unite to produce a genetically distinct individual. (lifesitenews.com)
Eggs16
- The eggs of marine invertebrates, especially echinoderms , are classical objects for the study of fertilization. (britannica.com)
- During these steps, the male partner's sperm is mixed with the 'best' of the retrieved eggs, to encourage fertilization under controlled conditions. (news-medical.net)
- Disadvantages of external fertilization include a reliance on water and the large amount of wasted sperm and eggs that never reach a corresponding gamete, even when the organisms releasing the eggs and sperm are in close proximity. (reference.com)
- External fertilization is used only by animals that breed in water, since the sperm require water to swim through to reach the eggs. (reference.com)
- Because of the uncertain fertilization of any particular egg, animals that use external fertilization typically produce very large numbers of sperm and eggs. (reference.com)
- In internal fertilization, a male of a species directly inserts sperm into a female, which then swim in the fluids surrounding the reproductive tract to reach the eggs. (reference.com)
- Benthic sessile animals that make up the majority of invertebrates using external fertilization rely on ambient water motion to bring the sperm and eggs together. (wikipedia.org)
- We are rapidly making strides in identifying the functional role in fertilization of remote chemical communication between sperm and eggs," Zimmer said. (innovations-report.com)
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a procedure that involves collecting a woman's eggs from her ovaries and fertilizing them with sperm in a laboratory. (rexhealth.com)
- They transport eggs and are necessary for fertilization. (inspq.qc.ca)
- IVF is the process of fertilization by extracting eggs, retrieving a sperm sample, and then manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish. (americanpregnancy.org)
- The eggs are monitored to confirm that fertilization and cell division are taking place. (americanpregnancy.org)
- Eggs are fertilized outside the body, then implanted in the uterus during in vitro fertilization. (wisegeek.com)
- Fertilizing the eggs, also known as embryo culture, consists of mixing the eggs with sperm on a Petri dish that contains a medium suitable for fertilization. (modernmom.com)
- Donor eggs are now used in 12 percent of all in vitro fertilization (I.V.F.) attempts, making it among the fastest-growing infertility treatments. (nytimes.com)
- The eggs are then mixed with sperm in order to allow fertilization. (faqs.org)
Infertility8
- Veterans with certain service-connected conditions that result in infertility may be eligible for in vitro fertilization (IVF), or another form of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and other infertility services. (va.gov)
- Describes treatment options available for Veterans with service-connected infertility, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and the process for obtaining care. (va.gov)
- In vitro fertilization is generally undertaken only after an exhaustive evaluation of infertility has been made. (britannica.com)
- And while infertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), offer hope for would-be parents, the procedure comes with a high price tag. (news-medical.net)
- First successfully performed in 1978, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is probably one of the best known ART methods and quite possibly the most common form of treatment people think of when they think of infertility treatment. (health.am)
- While in-vitro fertilization (IVF) seems to be a viable solution to infertility for many, the consequences of IVF are often hidden. (hli.org)
- Following the initial birth of Louise Brown in July 1978 (24), and the subsequent births that followed, it became evident that a wider range of infertility problems could be treated by in vitro fertilization (IVF). (gfmer.ch)
- While the range of applications of in vitro fertilization now cover a wide spectrum, this chapter will predominantly deal with two techniques, one that is utilized to treat severe male infertility and the other used to diagnose for genetic defects in the preimplantation embryo. (gfmer.ch)
Pollination1
- Fertilization in advanced plants is preceded by pollination , during which pollen is transferred to, and establishes contact with, the female gamete or macrospore. (britannica.com)
Soil8
- Want to know more about soil, fertilization and environment? (wur.nl)
- First, a soil test should be made to establish the basis for a regular fertilization program. (psu.edu)
- Our experts develop strategies and measures for sustainable soil management and optimum fertilisation application. (wur.nl)
- We develop systems for fertilisation, organic matter management, crop rotation, tillage, mechanisation and the control of pests and diseases in the soil. (wur.nl)
- Our experts in fertilisation, soil biology, tillage systems, mechanisation, cropping systems and management systems cooperate with businesses, government authorities and scientists from other fields of study. (wur.nl)
- The fertilization needs of avocado trees vary depending on the soil in which the tree is planted. (gardenguides.com)
- Three are provided by air and water, the other 12 must be provided by the soil or by supplemental fertilization. (tamu.edu)
- Citrus can be successfully grown in Texas without using either soil or leaf analyses to direct the fertilization program. (tamu.edu)
Intracytoplasmic sperm inj3
- A small study by investigators from Harvard University suggests that cryopreserved embryo transfer (CET) is a strong independent risk factor for placenta accreta in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). (modernmedicine.com)
- ART covers a wide spectrum of treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and Intracytoplasmic morphologically-selected sperm injection (IMSI). (zeiss.com)
- In some cases where there is a lower probability of fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used. (americanpregnancy.org)
Mammalian Fertilization3
- Roles of the oviduct in mammalian fertilization, REPRODUCTION 144(6):649 (Oct. 1, 2012) (emphasis added). (lifesitenews.com)
- Mammalian fertilization comprises sperm migration through the female reproductive tract, biochemical and morphological changes to sperm, and sperm-egg interaction in the oviduct. (jci.org)
- This Review focuses on the advantages of studying fertilization using gene-manipulated animals and highlights an emerging molecular mechanism of mammalian fertilization. (jci.org)
Double fertilization12
- Double fertilization is a complex fertilization mechanism of flowering plants ( angiosperms ). (rug.nl)
- Evidence of double fertilization in Gnetales , which are non-flowering seed plants, has been reported. (rug.nl)
- Double fertilization was discovered more than a century ago by Sergei Nawaschin and Grignard in Kiev , [4] Russian Empire , and Léon Guignard in France . (rug.nl)
- [5] Lilium martagon and Fritillaria tenella were used in the first observations of double fertilization, which were made using the classical light microscope . (rug.nl)
- Due to the limitations of the light microscope, there were many unanswered questions regarding the process of double fertilization. (rug.nl)
- [9] The more primitive process of double fertilization in gymnosperms results in two diploid nuclei enclosed in the same egg cell. (rug.nl)
- Recent Examples on the Web These double fertilization events seem to explain at least some honeybee gynandromorphs, though male-female hybrids in other species can manifest in other ways. (merriam-webster.com)
- These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'double fertilization. (merriam-webster.com)
- What made you want to look up double fertilization ? (merriam-webster.com)
- This process, called double fertilization, is unique to flowering plants. (gardenguides.com)
- Finally, through the process of double fertilization, seedlings have available the nutrition that they need to begin germination. (gardenguides.com)
- What Is Double Fertilization in Angiosperms? (gardenguides.com)
20201
- Retrieved on September 25, 2020 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/In-Vitro-Fertilization-(IVF).aspx. (news-medical.net)
Oocytes7
- According to a recent study in Human Reproduction, women who produce a low number of oocytes during in vitro fertilization (IVF) seem to have an increased risk of miscarriage. (modernmedicine.com)
- Pregnancy after in vitro fertilization of human follicular oocytes collected from nonstimulated cycles, their culture in vitro and their transfer in a donor oocyte program. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Apart from the beneficial effects of oviductal cell monolayer and its conditioned medium on in vitro fertilization and embryonic development (24-27), the accumulated maternal mRNAs in oocytes have a crucial role in the success of normal fertilization and early embryo development, allowing the first cleavages to occur, before the activation of embryonic genome (28). (thefreedictionary.com)
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology in which a woman's reproductive system is artificially stimulated to produce oocytes, which are extracted, fertilized in a laboratory, and then implanted in the uterus. (uspharmacist.com)
- IVF is a multistep process involving ovarian stimulation, ovulation induction, collection of oocytes, fertilization with sperm, and transfer of the fertilized oocytes to the uterus for implantation and maturation. (uspharmacist.com)
- The oocytes are removed from the follicles by aspiration and incubated with sperm to enable fertilization. (uspharmacist.com)
- The choice of treatment can also depend on if the couple has had previous failures to achieve fertilization in an IVF treatment cycle and other factors such as failure of sperm to bind to the zona pellucida of the oocytes. (gfmer.ch)
Reproductive7
- In Vitro Fertilization(IVF) is the main type of assisted reproductive technology(ART). (ivfauthority.com)
- Gametic isolation, as a form of reproductive isolation, is equivalent to positive assortative fertilization. (pnas.org)
- In vitro fertilization, or IVF, is the most common and effective type of assisted reproductive technology to help women become pregnant. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Both fertilization events are necessary for reproductive success. (sciencemag.org)
- In Vitro Fertilization is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) commonly referred to as IVF. (americanpregnancy.org)
- By lifting barriers to insurance coverage, we will ensure safe and affordable access to in vitro fertilization and help New Yorkers have better control over their reproductive health and family planning. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The system is designed to transport the ova to the site of fertilization.The female reproductive system is designed to carry out several functions. (scribd.com)
Embryo transfer4
- Embryo transfer into the womb is carried out within three to five days after fertilization. (news-medical.net)
- Boivin J and Takefman J (1996) The impact of the in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer (IVF‐ET) process on emotional, physical and relational variables. (els.net)
- Expanding insurance coverage to cover a type of in vitro fertilization known as elective single-embryo transfer could lead to improved health outcomes and lower health care costs, according to a new study that included researchers from the University of Colorado School of Medicine. (denverpost.com)
- The writers said their findings suggest insurance results in lower out-of-pocket expenses, which makes elective single-embryo transfer more attractive for those seeking in vitro fertilization. (denverpost.com)
Occur6
- Fertilization barriers may occur for a variety of reasons: sterility of the male or female, lack of oviposition sites, age of the male or female, interference from the ejaculate of another male, and genotypes of the male and female. (pnas.org)
- during parthenogenesis , in which fertilization does not occur, activation of an egg may be accomplished through the intervention of physical and chemical agents. (britannica.com)
- Sexual selection may not seem to occur during external fertilization, but there are ways it actually can. (wikipedia.org)
- Fertilization can also occur when weather carries wind blown dust long distances over the ocean, or iron-rich minerals are carried into the ocean by glaciers, rivers and icebergs. (wikipedia.org)
- Obstetric complications occur more frequently in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization (IVF). (nih.gov)
- When can fertilization occur? (studystack.com)
Uterus2
- In vitro fertilization ( IVF ) is a laboratory procedure in which egg cells are fertilized outside a woman's body and then transferred to her uterus . (wisegeek.com)
- After fertilization, the egg is implanted into the woman's uterus. (modernmom.com)
Organisms2
- Examples of assortative fertilization in Drosophila are reviewed and compared with those of other organisms. (pnas.org)
- The fusion of egg and sperm is an essential step of fertilisation in sexually reproducing organisms and the molecular mechanism behind this event has long been the object of intense research. (eurekalert.org)
Vitro Fertilization Treatment1
- This solution tests spent embryo culture media for chromosomal abnormalities during in vitro fertilization treatment. (news-medical.net)
Species1
- Therefore, sensitivity to environmental factors can lead to successful external fertilization, even for species living in turbulent habitats. (pnas.org)
Scientists5
- Scientists have created a mathematical model that can help explain why so many pregnancies and in vitro fertilization attempts fail. (news-medical.net)
- Multiple ocean labs, scientists and businesses have explored fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
- Norby is among several scientists participating in a panel discussion titled "CO2 Fertilization: Boon or Bust? (eurekalert.org)
- Like many scientists, Doblin thinks some ocean fertilisation plans, especially those involving the addition of nitrogen, are too risky. (abc.net.au)
- But scientists from the University of Bath are questioning the necessity of an egg in the equation, after successfully producing a litter of mice by bypassing the fertilization process. (rt.com)
Angiosperms2
- During double fertilisation in angiosperms the haploid male gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation. (wikipedia.org)
- Double fertilisation is the process in angiosperms (flowering plants) in which two sperm from each pollen tube fertilise two cells in a female gametophyte (sometimes called an embryo sac) that is inside an ovule. (wikipedia.org)
Iron fertilization10
- The elevated levels of the toxin, which is also responsible for amnesiac shellfish poisoning in humans, raises "serious concern" about the practice of iron fertilization, the researchers claim. (redorbit.com)
- Scott Doney, a senior scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, told Zeitvogel that any form of geo-engineering, such as iron fertilization, "may have unintended consequences. (redorbit.com)
- Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to iron-poor areas of the ocean surface to stimulate phytoplankton production. (wikipedia.org)
- The most recent open ocean trials of ocean iron fertilization were in 2009 (January to March) in the South Atlantic by project Lohafex, and in July 2012 in the North Pacific off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, by the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation (HSRC). (wikipedia.org)
- There are two ways of performing artificial iron fertilization: ship based direct into the ocean and atmospheric deployment. (wikipedia.org)
- Iron-rich dust rising into the atmosphere is a primary source of ocean iron fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
- Can Controversial Ocean Iron Fertilization Save Salmon? (scientificamerican.com)
- There's not evidence that that region is iron-limited,' argues phytoplankton researcher Maite Maldonado of the University of British Columbia, who sailed on one of the first experimental iron fertilization cruise in the Southern Ocean in 1999. (scientificamerican.com)
- Originating as an ecosystem experiment to test Martin's iron hypothesis, iron fertilization experiments are now used as powerful tools to study the world's oceans. (mit.edu)
- But intentional iron fertilization over great expanses of the ocean may have unintended consequences for the world's largest ecosystem. (mit.edu)
Laboratory5
- Evidence for assortative fertilization will be presented, including some recent observations from my own laboratory. (pnas.org)
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the joining of a woman's egg and a man's sperm in a laboratory dish. (medlineplus.gov)
- In vitro fertilization works by bringing an egg and sperm together in a laboratory setting to achieve the goal of fertilization, according to WebMD. (reference.com)
- During in vitro fertilization, sperm and embryo are joined in a laboratory setting. (wisegeek.com)
- This process of fertilization takes place in a laboratory of a certified fertility clinic. (modernmom.com)
Preimplantation genetic d1
- In vitro fertilization in combination with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (IVF‐PGD) is a technique that helps couples avoid transmitting a genetic disorder to their offspring. (els.net)
Molecular2
- The discovery of Juno and Izumo1 opened up new possibilities to study the process of fertilisation at the molecular level. (eurekalert.org)
- In response to recent progress in understanding the structural requirements of the 'glycocode', a workshop on Glycobiology of Fertilization was held at the International University of Venice, Italy, in September 1998 to discuss the current state of the art of carbohydrate-based interactions during fertilization under molecular and structural aspects. (waterstones.com)
Biology1
- UCLA graduate student Jeffrey Riffell and UCLA biology professor Richard Zimmer report the first experimental test on the role of small-scale physics as it influences the interactions between sperm and egg, and the consequences for fertilization, at the annual conference of the Association for Chemoreception Sciences in Sarasota, Fla., April 10. (innovations-report.com)
Pollen grain1
- In flowering plants , two sperm cells are released from the pollen grain, and a second fertilisation event involving the second sperm cell and the central cell of the ovule, which is a second female gamete. (wikipedia.org)
Second sperm1
- Following the initial fertilization event, the second sperm nucleus is diverted to fertilize an additional egg nucleus found in the egg cytoplasm. (rug.nl)
Frozen-thawed1
- Bovine in vitro fertilization with frozen-thawed semen. (thefreedictionary.com)
Mechanism1
- Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have taken a step closer to understanding the mechanism that leads to the fusion of egg and sperm at fertilisation. (eurekalert.org)
Oocyte5
- Sperm become fertilization competent after undergoing a maturation process during which they become motile, and the plasma membrane protein composition is reorganized in preparation for interaction with the oocyte. (springer.com)
- The oocyte releases prostaglandin signals to help guide the sperm to the site of fertilization, and sperm secrete a protein called major sperm protein (MSP) to trigger oocyte maturation and ovulation. (springer.com)
- After fertilization, the oocyte must quickly transition from the relative quiescence of oogenesis to a phase of rapid development during the cleavage divisions of early embryogenesis. (springer.com)
- This chapter will review the nature and regulation of the various cellular processes of fertilization, including the development of fertilization competence, gamete signaling, sperm-oocyte fusion, the oocyte to embryo transition, and production of an eggshell to protect the developing embryo. (springer.com)
- After a long journey, the spermatozoa meet the oocyte in the specific site of the oviduct named ampulla, and fertilization takes place. (lifesitenews.com)
Nucleus1
- Fertilization , union of a sperm nucleus , of paternal origin, with an egg nucleus, of maternal origin, to form the primary nucleus of an embryo . (britannica.com)
Days after fertilization1
- The procedure is most often done 3 to 5 days after fertilization. (medlineplus.gov)
Optimum2
- There is an optimum amount of fluid motion where fertilization is significantly enhanced," said Zimmer, whose research is federally funded by the National Science Foundation. (innovations-report.com)
- Optimum fertilisation systems are required to ensure a minimum of water and air pollution and efficient use of scarce raw materials such as phosphate and potash. (wur.nl)
Fertilize1
- This effect is known as "CO 2 fertilization" because, in the envisioned scenario, higher ambient CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere literally "fertilize" plant growth. (realclimate.org)
Nitrogen Fertilization1
- Indeed, following the general recommendations for nitrogen fertilization, coupled with close observation of visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency (and the correction thereof), is adequate for average production. (tamu.edu)
Plant2
- Moving plants from high fertilization, high watering, fast growing conditions to less rapid growing conditions without first leaching fertilizer that will not be needed by the plant in the new environment. (psu.edu)
- Flowers bring vibrancy and color to your garden but, to the plant, they represent the pinnacle of plant evolution, a structure evolved to almost guarantee successful fertilization. (gardenguides.com)
External fertilization9
- Mathematical and experimental simulations predict that external fertilization is unsuccessful in habitats characterized by high water motion. (pnas.org)
- What Are Disadvantages of External Fertilization? (reference.com)
- External fertilization also has advantages over internal fertilization. (reference.com)
- While this is a more reliable method in terms of the likelihood that each egg gets fertilized, it is more complicated than external fertilization. (reference.com)
- External fertilization is a mode of reproduction in which a male organism's sperm fertilizes a female organism's egg outside of the female's body. (wikipedia.org)
- Among vertebrates, external fertilization is most common in amphibians and fish. (wikipedia.org)
- Benthic marine plants also use external fertilization to reproduce. (wikipedia.org)
- Environmental factors and timing are key challenges to the success of external fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
- To look into the effect of female choice on external fertilization, an in vitro sperm competition experiment was performed. (wikipedia.org)
Fertility3
- First-trimester exposure to maternal estradiol may increase risk of thyroid dysfunction in offspring conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF), according to a study in Fertility & Sterility. (modernmedicine.com)
- USF Health is transitioning its in vitro fertilization (IVF) services and affiliating with Shady Grove Fertility (SGF) , a premier fertility and IVF organization with locations throughout Florida, as well as Georgia, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Washington DC. (usf.edu)
- In vitro fertilization is common option for couples facing fertility problems. (modernmom.com)
Advantages1
- First among the results we had Darwin's own work on Orchids and on plants with heterogynous forms of styles, and attracted by these there came a long line of other more or less able investigators, of whom Hildebrand, Delpino, Fritz Müller, and others may be mentioned-some devoting themselves more to the details of floral mechanisms, others to the proof of the advantages of cross-fertilisation. (nature.com)
Initiate1
- Old Masset village on the Haida Gwaii Islands off the British Columbia coast did this by contracting George and others to initiate the largest such intentional ocean fertilization effort to date. (scientificamerican.com)
Humans1
- For fertilisation in humans specifically, see Human fertilization . (wikipedia.org)
Reproduction3
- [2] The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction . (wikipedia.org)
- The evolution of fertilisation is related to the origin of meiosis , as both are part of sexual reproduction , originated in eukaryotes . (wikipedia.org)
- The process of sexual reproduction for cod involves the act of spawning, resulting in the egg and sperm coming together for fertilization in open water. (reference.com)
Man's sperm1
- In vitro fertilization, or IVF, is a method of fertilizing a woman's egg with a man's sperm outside the woman's body. (modernmom.com)
World's largest1
- This form of fertilization produces the world's largest marine habitats. (wikipedia.org)
Observations2
- The idea of cross-fertilisation can scarcely be said to have established itself until 1859, and was a most powerful impetus to research based upon Sprengel's observations. (nature.com)
- This work, for which Darwin felt grateful-this book containing "an enormous mass of original observations on the fertilisation of flowers and on the part which insects play in the work," we quote again Darwin-the author himself styles "Ein Beitrag zur Erkenntniss des Ursächlichen Zusammenhanges in der Organischen Natur," but the translation says nothing of this. (nature.com)
Undertaken1
- Senator Brian Harradine: "How often has in‑vitro fertilization been undertaken on non‑human higher primates? (hli.org)
Plants6
- This article is about fertilisation in animals and plants. (wikipedia.org)
- In the Bryophyte land plants, fertilisation takes place within the archegonium . (wikipedia.org)
- Because plants in turn, in the process of photosynthesis, convert CO 2 into oxygen, it is thus sometimes argued that such "co2 fertilization" could potentially provide a strong negative feedback on changing CO 2 concentrations. (realclimate.org)
- Growing plants under moisture conditions too dry for the fertilization rates employed. (psu.edu)
- In flowering plants a second fertilisation event involves another sperm cell and the central cell which is a second female gamete. (wikipedia.org)
- Unlike animals, however, plants are unable to actively seek mates, relying instead on other methods to accomplish fertilization. (gardenguides.com)