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Rational sequence of tests for pancreatic function. (1/1867)
Of 144 patients with suspected pancreatic disease in whom a 75Se-selenomethionine scan was performed, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) was successful in 108 (75%). The final diagnosis is known in 100 patients and has been compared with scan and ERP findings. A normal scan reliably indicated a normal pancreas, but the scan was falsely abnormal in 30%. ERP distinguished between carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis in 84% of cases but was falsely normal in five patients with pancreatic disease. In extrahepatic biliary disease both tests tended to give falsely abnormal results. A sequence of tests to provide a rapid and reliable assessment of pancreatic function should be a radio-isotope scan, followed by ERP if the results of the scan are abnormal, and a Lundh test if the scan is abnormal but the findings on ERP are normal. (+info)Abnormal responses to rubella infection. (2/1867)
Two cases of rubella are described which caused initial problems in laboratory diagnosis due to abnormal features in the immune response. One patient presented with thrombocytopenic purpura and associated circulating immune complexes. The other patient, who was in early pregnancy, had an unusually prolonged rash and a delayed humoral immune response. The possible reasons for the difficulties in serological confirmation are discussed. (+info)Intimal tear without hematoma: an important variant of aortic dissection that can elude current imaging techniques. (3/1867)
BACKGROUND: The modern imaging techniques of transesophageal echocardiography, CT, and MRI are reported to have up to 100% sensitivity in detecting the classic class of aortic dissection; however, anecdotal reports of patient deaths from a missed diagnosis of subtle classes of variants are increasingly being noted. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a series of 181 consecutive patients who had ascending or aortic arch repairs, 9 patients (5%) had subtle aortic dissection not diagnosed preoperatively. All preoperative studies in patients with missed aortic dissection were reviewed in detail. All 9 patients (2 with Marfan syndrome, 1 with Takayasu's disease) with undiagnosed aortic dissection had undergone >/=3 imaging techniques, with the finding of ascending aortic dilatation (4.7 to 9 cm) in all 9 and significant aortic valve regurgitation in 7. In 6 patients, an eccentric ascending aortic bulge was present but not diagnostic of aortic dissection on aortography. At operation, aortic dissection tears were limited in extent and involved the intima without extensive undermining of the intima or an intimal "flap." Eight had composite valve grafts inserted, and all survived. Of the larger series of 181 patients, 98% (179 of 181) were 30-day survivors. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with suspected aortic dissection not proven by modern noninvasive imaging techniques, further study should be performed, including multiple views of the ascending aorta by aortography. If patients have an ascending aneurysm, particularly if eccentric on aortography and associated with aortic valve regurgitation, an urgent surgical repair should be considered, with excellent results expected. (+info)Comparison of standard and CA-125 response criteria in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer treated with platinum or paclitaxel. (4/1867)
PURPOSE: To assess CA-125 as a measure of response in patients treated with paclitaxel. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred forty-four patients treated with paclitaxel derived from four different trials and 625 patients treated with platinum from two trials were analyzed using precisely defined 50% and 75% reductions in CA-125. The standard and CA-125 response rates to paclitaxel and platinum were compared. In addition, we analyzed individual patient groups in which there was a difference in response according to the two response criteria. RESULTS: Patients with stable disease as determined by standard criteria who were treated with platinum and responded according to CA-125 criteria have an improved median progression-free survival compared with patients with stable disease who did not respond according to CA-125 criteria (10.6 v 4.8 months; P<.001). Standard and CA-125 response rates for patients treated with platinum (58.93% v 61.31%, respectively) and paclitaxel (30.65% v 31.67%, respectively) were very similar, as were rates of false-positive prediction of response by CA-125 (platinum 2.2% and paclitaxel 2.9%). Responders to paclitaxel had a significantly improved progression-free survival compared with non-responders by both standard criteria (median progression-free survival, 6.8 v 2.5 months; P<.001) and CA-125 criteria (median progression-free survival, 6.8 v 3.4 months; P<.001). CONCLUSION: Forassessing activity of therapy for ovarian cancer, these data show that precise 50% or 75% CA-125 response criteria are as sensitive as standard response criteria. We propose that they may be used as a measure of response in lieu of or in addition to standard response criteria in clinical trials involving epithelial ovarian cancer. Sensitivity is maintained whether patients are treated with platinum or paclitaxel. (+info)Recycling, channeling and heterogeneous protein turnover estimation using a model of whole-body protein turnover based on leucine kinetics in rodents. (5/1867)
In the companion paper, a whole-body, mechanistic model of protein turnover in a rodent was described and evaluated with independent data sets that used the flooding dose method. On the basis of fitted fluxes, the model was able to predict specific radioactivity changes in the protein and free leucine pools and whole-body protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR). In this paper, results of model simulations of specific radioactivity changes in the flooding dose, pulse dose and continuous infusion methods were compared and the influence of recycling, channeling and multiple protein pools on model behavior were analyzed. For all methods, the percentage of channeling must be estimated to determine whether the extracellular or intracellular pool specific radioactivities better approximate the aminoacyl tRNA pool specific radioactivity. Recycling also affects the specific radioactivity of the aminoacyl-tRNA pool and therefore must be estimated. An analysis of fits of the flooding dose data indicated that 100% channeling was occurring, but the percentage of recycling could not be determined. Multiple protein pools turning over at different rates overestimated FSR by 2-3% at early time points (5 min) and underestimated FSR by 3-6% at 60 min in the flooding dose method. For the pulse dose method, FSR was underestimated by 40-50% at 5 min and underestimated by 9-10% at 60 min. An increase in time to measure FSR caused a decrease in the estimate of FSR (18% over 3 h) for the flooding dose method and an increase in the estimate of FSR (144% over 3 h) for the pulse dose method. (+info)HLA-B27 antigen in diagnosis of atypical seronegative inflammatory arthropathy. (6/1867)
Eighteen patients with an inflammatory pauciarticular peripheral arthropathy not typical of any known entity showed an asymmetrical pattern of disease, with a predilection for the lower extremities. Destructive joint changes and deformities were absent (mean follow-up 10 years). Although spondylitis and sacroiliitis were absent on x-rays, HLA-B27 antigen was found in 8 patients (44%). This antigen and similar joint symptoms are also found in other forms of arthritis. (+info)Radioactive phosphorus uptake testing of choroidal lesions. A report of two false-negative tests. (7/1867)
Two false-negative results from 32P testing for histologically verified malignant melanomas of the choroid are reported. In the first case, a haemorrhagic choroidal detachment caused an increase in probe; additionally, the tumour was necrotic. Both factors are likely to have contributed to the false-negative result. A satisfactory explanation for the false-negative result in the second case was not determined, although it may have accurately reflected a period of minimal tumour activity, inasmuch as repeat 32P testing was strongly positive eight months later, when unequivocal evidence of tumour growth was present. An alternative explanation is that the orally administered 32P was incompletely absorbed. Since 32P testing is frequently accompanied by significant manipulation both in the manoeuvre associated with tumour localization and in that associated with the actual radioactive counting, it would seem desirable to perform indicated enucleation immediately after completion of the 32P testing. While the properly performed 32P test remains a valuable diagnostic test for helping to establish the presence or absence of malignancies of the posterior globe, it is important to guard against the tendency to underestimate careful clinical evaluation. (+info)An approach to the problems of diagnosing and treating adult smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in high-HIV-prevalence settings in sub-Saharan Africa. (8/1867)
The overlap between the populations in sub-Saharan Africa infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis has led to an upsurge in tuberculosis cases over the last 10 years. The relative increase in the proportion of notified sputum-smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases is greater than that of sputum-smear-positive PTB cases. This is a consequence of the following: the association between decreased host immunity and reduced sputum smear positivity; the difficulty in excluding other HIV-related diseases when making the diagnosis of smear-negative PTB; and an increase in false-negative sputum smears because of overstretched resources. This article examines problems in the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative PTB in high-HIV-prevalence areas in sub-Saharan Africa. The main issues in diagnosis include: the criteria used to diagnose smear-negative PTB; the degree to which clinicians actually follow these criteria in practice; and the problem of how to exclude other respiratory diseases that can resemble, and be misdiagnosed as, smear-negative PTB. The most important aspect of the treatment of smear-negative PTB patients is abandoning 12-month "standard" treatment regimens in favour of short-course chemotherapy. Operational research is necessary to determine the most cost-effective approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative PTB. Nevertheless, substantial improvement could be obtained by implementing the effective measures already available, such as improved adherence to diagnostic and treatment guidelines. (+info)Latent TB can be diagnosed through a skin test (such as the PPD test) or a blood test (such as the QFT-GIT test), which detect the presence of TB antigens in the body. If the results are positive, it indicates that the person has been infected with M. tuberculosis, but the infection is currently dormant.
People with latent TB are not infectious to others and do not have any symptoms. However, if their immune system weakens or they experience significant stress, the infection can become active, leading to active TB.
Latent TB is common, particularly among people who have been exposed to someone with active TB. It is estimated that one-third of the global population has latent TB infection.
There are several treatment options available for latent TB, including:
1. Antibiotics: The most commonly used antibiotics are isoniazid and rifampin. These medications can help to reduce the risk of developing active TB.
2. Vaccination: The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine can provide some protection against latent TB, particularly in children. However, it is not effective in adults.
3. Antiretroviral therapy (ART): In people with HIV/AIDS, ART can help to reduce the risk of developing active TB.
4. Monitoring: Regular monitoring and follow-up are essential to detect any progression to active TB.
It is important to note that latent TB is not a diagnosis, but rather a state of infection. It is important to differentiate between active TB and latent TB, as they require different treatment approaches.
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Browsing by Subject "False Negative Reactions"
Variation in False-Negative Rate of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based SARS-CoV-2 Tests by Time Since...
Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative(Mantoux)TUBERSOL®
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations Recommendations of the Advisory Council for the...
Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in circulating free DNA in serum: from IPASS, a phase III study of gefitinib...
NIH VideoCast - False Positives, False Negatives, and Small Effects: Genome, Exposome, and Nutrition
Methaemoglobinaemia and haemolysis following pegloticase infusion for refractory gout in a patient with a falsely negative...
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Validation of the Charm MRL-3 for fast screening of beta-lactam antibiotics in raw milk
- ILVO
Reverse transcri1
- Tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are being used to rule out infection among high-risk persons, such as exposed inpatients and health care workers. (nih.gov)
Positives1
- For the specific test Musk used, false positives are more likely when COVID-19 infection rates are low and false negatives are more likely when disease rates are high, according to materials about the test published by the Food and Drug Administration. (vectorsjournal.org)
Polymerase chain re6
- 4. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 assessment in a case-control study: comparison of fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction performed by central laboratories. (nih.gov)
- 6. Correlation between HER2 determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of the oncotype DX test. (nih.gov)
- Radiological tools such as chest computed tomography (CT) are crucial for diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients with false-negative results for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (9). (who.int)
- The specific technique that's used is called reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, or RT-PCR, where genetic material from a sample is copied and then compared to the genetic sequence of the virus that is being tested for. (nysna.org)
- Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based diagnostic tests (which detect viral nucleic acids) are considered the gold standard for detecting current SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nih.gov)
- Antigen tests detect proteins from the virus particles and are typically less sensitive than polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, so a false negative is possible. (nyp.org)
Tuberculin test1
- Not all infected persons will have a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to a tuberculin test. (nih.gov)
Antigen5
- 6) Subsequent restimulation of these sensitized lymphocytes with the same or a similar antigen, such as the intradermal injection of TUBERSOL, evokes a local reaction mediated by these cells. (nih.gov)
- If you have COVID-19 symptoms but test negative on an antigen test, follow up with a PCR test and isolate at home while waiting for results. (nyp.org)
- After adding enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody, it is also bound to the solid-phase carrier through the reaction. (medicilon.com)
- Any injected antigen has the potential to produce severe allergic reactions or anaphylaxis. (nielsenbio.com)
- CANDIN should not be used after a previous unacceptable adverse reaction to this antigen or to a similar product, i.e., extreme hypersensitivity/allergy. (nielsenbio.com)
Results12
- It is critical to understand how the predictive value of the test varies with time from exposure and symptom onset to avoid being falsely reassured by negative test results. (nih.gov)
- Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. (nih.gov)
- Inadequate nasopharyngeal swab collection may continue to lead to false-negative results. (nysna.org)
- Diagnostically, some NAATs may produce false negative results if a mutation occurs in the part of the virus's genome that is assessed by that test. (nih.gov)
- BACKGROUND: Plasmodium falciparum strains with mutations/deletions of the genes encoding the histidine-rich proteins 2/3 (pfhrp2/3) have emerged during the last 10 years leading to false-negative results in HRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). (bvsalud.org)
- Finally, the test was integrated in the monitoring of dairy samples to check the occurrence of false-negative or false-positive results, and the test was also included in a national ring trial and an international proficiency study. (ilvo.be)
- Every testing method for every infection will produce a certain number of false positive and false negative detections: some number of positive tests when there is no infection and negative results when there is infection. (vectorsjournal.org)
- Lyme disease testing is notoriously misleading, patients often have false negatives, confusing tests results and reactions to medications that don't seem to make sense. (drbrianlum.com)
- Some high specific gravity/low pH urines may give reactions up to and including Trace Normal urine specimens usually yield negative results with this reagent. (accurexbiomedical.com)
- False positive results (Trace) may occur with highly pigmented urine specimens or those containing large amounts or levodopa metabolites. (accurexbiomedical.com)
- Negative results may occur when urinary tract infections are cause by organisms which do not contain reductase to convert nitrate to nitrite, when urine has not been retained in the bladder long enough (4-&hrs) for reduction of nitrate to occur, or when dietary nitrate is absent, even if organisms containing reductase are present and bladder incubation is ample. (accurexbiomedical.com)
- Excreted pigments and medicaments that have a red colomaton in acidic medium may produce false positive results. (accurexbiomedical.com)
Infection5
- To estimate the false-negative rate by day since infection. (nih.gov)
- Clinically, a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin is a manifestation of previous infection with M tuberculosis or a variety of non-tuberculosis bacteria. (nih.gov)
- The only evidence of infection may be a reaction to a tuberculin skin test. (cdc.gov)
- Contacts of adults with tuberculosis (TB) are at risk for reactions, and those with malnutrition, measles, and HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
- CASE DESCRIPTION: Here the detection of a pfhrp2/3-negative P. falciparum infection acquired in Ethiopia by a 63-year old female traveller is presented. (bvsalud.org)
Occur7
- Allergic reactions may occur following the use of TUBERSOL even in persons with no prior history of hypersensitivity to the product components. (nih.gov)
- False positive or false negative tuberculin skin test reactions may occur in some individuals. (nih.gov)
- False positive tuberculin reaction tests occur in individuals who have been infected with other mycobacteria, including vaccination with BCG. (nih.gov)
- This reaction can also occur in a few people who have not been tested before. (medlineplus.gov)
- Reactions will occur within 20 minutes. (capitalaai.com)
- Larger accelerated reactions can occur, which may require treatment with local cold compresses and anti-inflammatory medication. (nielsenbio.com)
- Systemic reactions can occur with skin test antigens and in certain individuals these reactions may be life-threatening or cause death. (nielsenbio.com)
Diagnosis1
- Mycobacterium bovis BCG or infected with mycobacteria children were identified by visiting the households of other than M . tuberculosis can have false-positive TST adults whose TB had been diagnosed at enrollment in a separate study of TB diagnosis from September 2003 to November 2004 ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
Enzyme reaction3
- After adding the substrate of the enzyme reaction, the substrate is catalyzed by the enzyme to become a colored product. (medicilon.com)
- 3) Substrate of enzyme reaction. (medicilon.com)
- The main reason is that they were all burdened with inherent problems associated with their detection systems (colloidal gold, latex particle aggregation or solid phase enzyme reaction). (sidasante.com)
Allergic reaction3
- Allergy to any component of TUBERSOL or an anaphylactic or other allergic reaction to a previous test of tuberculin PPD is a contraindication to the use of TUBERSOL. (nih.gov)
- Care must be exercised to inject intradermally, as deeper, subcutaneous injections will prevent proper interpretation and intravenous injection could result in a dangerous allergic reaction. (nielsenbio.com)
- The patient should be observed for approximately half an hour in case of an allergic reaction. (nielsenbio.com)
Hypersensitivity2
- Characteristically, delayed hypersensitivity reactions to tuberculin begin at 5 to 6 hours, are maximal at 48 to 72 hours and subside over a period of days. (nih.gov)
- Immediate hypersensitivity local reactions can include itching, swelling, pain and blistering at the test site occurring 15-20 minutes after administration. (nielsenbio.com)
Adverse reactions1
- For this reason, large doses of levodopa are required for adequate therapeutic effect, and these may often be accompanied by nausea and other adverse reactions, some of which are attributable to dopamine formed in extracerebral tissues. (nih.gov)
Tests4
- Tests based on interferon- (IFN-) expression in or other infections often have false-negative reactions ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- When somebody tests positive for COVID here at the Kennedy Space Center and across NASA, it is our policy for that person to quarantine and self-isolate, so we anticipate that that will be taking place," NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said during a news conference today when asked about tweets in which Musk said he had received both positive and negative tests . (vectorsjournal.org)
- Two tests came back negative, two came back positive. (vectorsjournal.org)
- Of these 19, 11 contained only chrysotile, indicating false negative magnesium tests. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria4
- The dimethomorph (Acrobat), systemic fungicide, caused complete inhibition of band development of DNA extracted from either potato brown rot or potato ring rot bacteria which may be considered as false negative reaction(s). (scialert.net)
- The dimethomorph (Acrobat) fungicide caused false negative effect with both organisms under study followed by dithiocarbamate (Diathane) fungicide in case of ring rot bacteria. (scialert.net)
- A negative reaction usually means you have never been infected with the bacteria that cause TB. (medlineplus.gov)
- A few people infected with the bacteria that cause TB may not have a reaction. (medlineplus.gov)
Systemic1
- Systemic reactions to CANDIN have not been observed, however all foreign antigens have the remote possibility of causing Type 1 anaphylaxis and even death when injected intradermally. (nielsenbio.com)
Reagent1
- Urobilinogen: This test is based on the Ehrlich reaction The reagent area may react with interfering substances known to react with Ehrlich's reagent. (accurexbiomedical.com)
Immune2
- Also, diseases or medicines that weaken the immune system may cause a false-negative result. (medlineplus.gov)
- They are associated mainly with allergic reactions ( when the immune system overreacts to environmental antigens such as pollen or pet dander ) and parasitic infections. (capitalaai.com)
Medications1
- Personnel, equipment, and medications needed to treat such reactions should be immediately available including 1:1000 epinephrine for injection. (nielsenbio.com)
Interpretation1
- The authors conclude that, due to the difficulties inherent in interpretation of color reactions in the K2 test, the hazardous nature of the reagents used, and the lack of precision in the hands of untrained personnel working in the field, the K2 test cannot be recommended for use by school district personnel. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms1
- After onset of symptoms during travel, she was first tested negative for malaria, most probably by RDT, at a local hospital in Harar, Ethiopia. (bvsalud.org)
High4
- There was a slight numerical advantage in PFS and ORR for gefitinib over carboplatin/paclitaxel in the cfDNA EGFR mutation-negative subgroup, likely due to the high rate of false negatives within this subgroup. (nih.gov)
- and TST positive, QFT-IT nega- for improving management of children at high risk, most tive if in contact with TB-negative persons or controls. (cdc.gov)
- The presence of cephalexin, cephalothin, tetracycline may cause decreased reactivity, and high levels of the drug may cause a false negative reaction. (accurexbiomedical.com)
- 1.4mmolL and/or high Ketone concentrations (8mmoVL) may cause false negatives for specimens containing small amounts of glucose (5.5mmolL). (accurexbiomedical.com)
Rate1
- Poor technique in nasopharyngeal molecular testing may erroneously convert this test to a simple nasal swab with upwards of a 37% false negative rate.³. (nysna.org)
Injection1
- The injection site of a positive reaction will develop over 24-48 hours resulting in an area of redness accompanied by a smaller palpable area of swelling or induration. (nielsenbio.com)
Specific2
- Glucose: The test is based on the specific glucose oxidase/peroxidase reaction. (accurexbiomedical.com)
- I became aware that there were times when negative moods were actually not real feelings at all, but "false moods" caused by negative reactions to specific foods or other lifestyle factors. (moodhealing.com)
Present1
- The residues of disinfectants containing quaternary ammonium groups or chlorohexidine are present in the urine vessel maybe lead to a false positive result. (accurexbiomedical.com)
Skin3
- With a negative reaction, the skin where you received the PPD test is not swollen, or the swelling is very small. (medlineplus.gov)
- Intrademal ( ID ) is ordered to ensure that false-negative skin prick test reactions are not missed. (capitalaai.com)
- ID testing is done only for allergens that were negative during skin prick testing. (capitalaai.com)
Result2
- People who were born outside the United States who have had a vaccine called BCG may have a false-positive test result. (medlineplus.gov)
- A negative result does not in itself prove that there is no significant bacteriuria. (accurexbiomedical.com)
Control1
- Briefly, 1 mL of blood was drawn culture (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA) were con- into vacutainer (Becton Dickinson) tubes coated with either ducted by trained staff at Zankli TB Research Laboratory saline (negative control tube) or ESAT-6, CFP-10, and TB in Abuja. (cdc.gov)
Sensitive1
- These test are sensitive to the climate of developing countries, they exhibit strong variations in quality from lot to lot and are susceptible to over-exposure, thus causing false positive reactions. (sidasante.com)
Area1
- Your provider will check the area to see if you have had a strong reaction to the test. (medlineplus.gov)
Case1
- The false negative multiplex-PCR is being evident only in case of R. solanacearum under the stress of both propamocarb carbamate (Previcur N) fungicide and on the organophosphate (Malthion) insecticide. (scialert.net)
Site1
- In people with no known risks of TB, 15 mm or more of firm swelling at the site indicates a positive reaction. (medlineplus.gov)
People1
- This was literally a revelation to me, and teasing out whether feelings are "real" and based in feelings, or "false" and rooted in food choices, is some of the most important work I do with people every day. (moodhealing.com)