AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth Care
Surgery, VeterinarySurgery, PlasticCleft LipCleft PalatePalateLipPalate, HardPalate, SoftJoint Deformities, AcquiredFoot Deformities, AcquiredFacial NerveFacial MusclesFacial ParalysisFacial ExpressionHand Deformities, AcquiredLip NeoplasmsLip DiseasesFaceFacial AsymmetryFacial BonesAbnormalities, MultipleNose Deformities, AcquiredFoot Deformities, CongenitalFacial Nerve DiseasesFacial InjuriesMaxillaMouth AbnormalitiesSpinal CurvaturesCraniofacial AbnormalitiesFoot DeformitiesScoliosisClubfootOsteotomyEquinus DeformityOral Surgical ProceduresMaxillofacial DevelopmentEstheticsKyphosisLower Extremity Deformities, CongenitalAlveoloplastyLimb Deformities, CongenitalSyndromeTooth AbnormalitiesCongenital AbnormalitiesFacial DermatosesReconstructive Surgical ProceduresPalatal ObturatorsHand Deformities, CongenitalCephalometryAnodontiaPalatal NeoplasmsMSX1 Transcription FactorDental ModelsSyndactylyFacial NeoplasmsSpineInfant, NewbornNoseDental ArchFacial PainMandibleTransforming Growth Factor beta3Bone Diseases, DevelopmentalJaw AbnormalitiesIlizarov TechniqueInterferon Regulatory FactorsPierre Robin SyndromeDental Impression TechniqueMaxillofacial AbnormalitiesEctodermal DysplasiaBone LengtheningLeg Length InequalityImaging, Three-DimensionalOral FistulaPregnancyMusculoskeletal AbnormalitiesThoracic VertebraeUltrasonography, PrenatalRetrospective StudiesIncisorFlatfootVelopharyngeal InsufficiencyRhinoplastySkullEar Deformities, AcquiredBeautyAnatomic LandmarksTreatment OutcomeAbnormalities, Drug-InducedRibsMalocclusionOrthopedic ProceduresAlveolar ProcessChinTarsal BonesTongueToesHallux ValgusContractureMandibulofacial DysostosisFunnel ChestPalatal MusclesVertical DimensionSurgical FlapsPhotography, DentalCase-Control StudiesHammer Toe SyndromeExternal FixatorsTeratogensGenu ValgumSpeech DisordersFree RadicalsHoloprosencephalyFetal DiseasesConsanguinityRetrognathiaDental Enamel HypoplasiaSurgery, OralTuberculosis, SpinalRange of Motion, ArticularTibiaFaciesSplintsFractures, MalunitedOrthopedic Fixation DevicesSomatosensory DisordersSpinal FusionDentofacial DeformitiesDental OcclusionGenu VarumOsteogenesis, DistractionMicrognathismOtoscopyDental ProsthesisFacial TransplantationRadiography, DentalPhenotypeCasts, SurgicalFollow-Up StudiesChoanal AtresiaPedigreeUlnaSmilingUvulaTendon TransferBracesBone Transplantation
Surgery, Veterinary: A board-certified specialty of VETERINARY MEDICINE, requiring at least four years of special education, training, and practice of veterinary surgery after graduation from veterinary school. In the written, oral, and practical examinations candidates may choose either large or small animal surgery. (From AVMA Directory, 43d ed, p278)Surgery, Plastic: The branch of surgery concerned with restoration, reconstruction, or improvement of defective, damaged, or missing structures.Cleft Lip: Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.Cleft Palate: Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.Palate: The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate (PALATE, HARD) and the posterior soft palate (PALATE, SOFT).Lip: Either of the two fleshy, full-blooded margins of the mouth.Palate, Hard: The anteriorly located rigid section of the PALATE.Palate, Soft: A movable fold suspended from the posterior border of the hard palate. The uvula hangs from the middle of the lower border.Joint Deformities, Acquired: Deformities acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease. The joint deformity is often associated with rheumatoid arthritis and leprosy.Foot Deformities, Acquired: Distortion or disfigurement of the foot, or a part of the foot, acquired through disease or injury after birth.Facial Nerve: The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR.Facial Muscles: Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Facial Paralysis: Severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. This condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. Damage to CNS motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. FACIAL NERVE DISEASES generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause facial paralysis or paresis.Facial Expression: Observable changes of expression in the face in response to emotional stimuli.Hand Deformities, Acquired: Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease.Lip Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LIP.Lip DiseasesFace: The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw.Facial Asymmetry: Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face.Facial Bones: The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid (HYOID BONE), palatine (HARD PALATE), and zygomatic (ZYGOMA) bones, MANDIBLE, and MAXILLA, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid bone. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p113)Abnormalities, MultipleNose Deformities, Acquired: Abnormalities of the nose acquired after birth from injury or disease.Foot Deformities, Congenital: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot occurring at or before birth.Facial Nerve Diseases: Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.Facial Injuries: General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.Maxilla: One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the ORBIT, and contains the MAXILLARY SINUS.Mouth Abnormalities: Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the mouth.Spinal Curvatures: Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).Craniofacial Abnormalities: Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.Foot Deformities: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.Scoliosis: An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)Clubfoot: A deformed foot in which the foot is plantarflexed, inverted and adducted.Osteotomy: The surgical cutting of a bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)Equinus Deformity: Plantar declination of the foot.Oral Surgical Procedures: Surgical procedures used to treat disease, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region.Maxillofacial Development: The process of growth and differentiation of the jaws and face.Esthetics: The branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of the beautiful. It includes beauty, esthetic experience, esthetic judgment, esthetic aspects of medicine, etc.Kyphosis: Deformities of the SPINE characterized by an exaggerated convexity of the vertebral column. The forward bending of the thoracic region usually is more than 40 degrees. This deformity sometimes is called round back or hunchback.Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital: Congenital structural abnormalities of the LOWER EXTREMITY.Alveoloplasty: Conservative contouring of the alveolar process, in preparation for immediate or future denture construction. (Dorland, 28th ed)Limb Deformities, Congenital: Congenital structural deformities of the upper and lower extremities collectively or unspecified.Syndrome: A characteristic symptom complex.Tooth Abnormalities: Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the teeth.Congenital Abnormalities: Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.Facial DermatosesReconstructive Surgical Procedures: Procedures used to reconstruct, restore, or improve defective, damaged, or missing structures.Palatal Obturators: Appliances that close a cleft or fissure of the palate.Hand Deformities, Congenital: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand occurring at or before birth.Cephalometry: The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD.Anodontia: Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)Palatal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PALATE, including those of the hard palate, soft palate and UVULA.MSX1 Transcription Factor: A homeodomain protein that interacts with TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN. It represses GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES and plays a critical role in ODONTOGENESIS.Dental Models: Presentation devices used for patient education and technique training in dentistry.Syndactyly: A congenital anomaly of the hand or foot, marked by the webbing between adjacent fingers or toes. Syndactylies are classified as complete or incomplete by the degree of joining. Syndactylies can also be simple or complex. Simple syndactyly indicates joining of only skin or soft tissue; complex syndactyly marks joining of bony elements.Facial NeoplasmsSpine: The spinal or vertebral column.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.Dental Arch: The curve formed by the row of TEETH in their normal position in the JAW. The inferior dental arch is formed by the mandibular teeth, and the superior dental arch by the maxillary teeth.Facial Pain: Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.Mandible: The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.Transforming Growth Factor beta3: A TGF-beta subtype that plays role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during embryonic development. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta3 and TGF-beta3 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor.Bone Diseases, DevelopmentalJaw Abnormalities: Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the jaw.Ilizarov Technique: A bone fixation technique using an external fixator (FIXATORS, EXTERNAL) for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthroses and other deformities, and assisting the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis. The method was devised by the Russian orthopedic surgeon Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov (1921-1992). (From Bull Hosp Jt Dis 1992 Summer;52(1):1)Interferon Regulatory Factors: A family of transcription factors that share an N-terminal HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF and bind INTERFERON-inducible promoters to control GENE expression. IRF proteins bind specific DNA sequences such as interferon-stimulated response elements, interferon regulatory elements, and the interferon consensus sequence.Pierre Robin Syndrome: Congenital malformation characterized by MICROGNATHIA or RETROGNATHIA; GLOSSOPTOSIS and CLEFT PALATE. The mandibular abnormalities often result in difficulties in sucking and swallowing. The syndrome may be isolated or associated with other syndromes (e.g., ANDERSEN SYNDROME; CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA). Developmental mis-expression of SOX9 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR gene on chromosome 17q and its surrounding region is associated with the syndrome.Dental Impression Technique: Procedure of producing an imprint or negative likeness of the teeth and/or edentulous areas. Impressions are made in plastic material which becomes hardened or set while in contact with the tissue. They are later filled with plaster of Paris or artificial stone to produce a facsimile of the oral structures present. Impressions may be made of a full complement of teeth, of areas where some teeth have been removed, or in a mouth from which all teeth have been extracted. (Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)Maxillofacial Abnormalities: Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the maxilla and face or facial bones.Ectodermal Dysplasia: A group of hereditary disorders involving tissues and structures derived from the embryonic ectoderm. They are characterized by the presence of abnormalities at birth and involvement of both the epidermis and skin appendages. They are generally nonprogressive and diffuse. Various forms exist, including anhidrotic and hidrotic dysplasias, FOCAL DERMAL HYPOPLASIA, and aplasia cutis congenita.Bone Lengthening: Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumatic, or as a result of disease. The lengthening is not restricted to long bones. The usual surgical methods are internal fixation and distraction.Leg Length Inequality: A condition in which one of a pair of legs fails to grow as long as the other, which could result from injury or surgery.Imaging, Three-Dimensional: The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.Oral Fistula: An abnormal passage within the mouth communicating between two or more anatomical structures.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Musculoskeletal Abnormalities: Congenital structural abnormalities and deformities of the musculoskeletal system.Thoracic Vertebrae: A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region.Ultrasonography, Prenatal: The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Incisor: Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)Flatfoot: A condition in which one or more of the arches of the foot have flattened out.Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Failure of the SOFT PALATE to reach the posterior pharyngeal wall to close the opening between the oral and nasal cavities. Incomplete velopharyngeal closure is primarily related to surgeries (ADENOIDECTOMY; CLEFT PALATE) or an incompetent PALATOPHARYNGEAL SPHINCTER. It is characterized by hypernasal speech.Rhinoplasty: A plastic surgical operation on the nose, either reconstructive, restorative, or cosmetic. (Dorland, 28th ed)Skull: The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.Ear Deformities, Acquired: Distortion or disfigurement of the ear caused by disease or injury after birth.Beauty: Characteristics or attributes of persons or things which elicit pleasurable feelings.Anatomic Landmarks: Reference points located by visual inspection, palpation, or computer assistance, that are useful in localizing structures on or within the human body.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Abnormalities, Drug-Induced: Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.Ribs: A set of twelve curved bones which connect to the vertebral column posteriorly, and terminate anteriorly as costal cartilage. Together, they form a protective cage around the internal thoracic organs.Malocclusion: Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)Orthopedic Procedures: Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.Alveolar Process: The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the teeth.Chin: The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve.Tarsal Bones: The seven bones which form the tarsus - namely, CALCANEUS; TALUS; cuboid, navicular, and the internal, middle, and external cuneiforms.Tongue: A muscular organ in the mouth that is covered with pink tissue called mucosa, tiny bumps called papillae, and thousands of taste buds. The tongue is anchored to the mouth and is vital for chewing, swallowing, and for speech.Toes: Any one of five terminal digits of the vertebrate FOOT.Hallux Valgus: Lateral displacement of the great toe (HALLUX), producing deformity of the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT with callous, bursa, or bunion formation over the bony prominence.Contracture: Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.Mandibulofacial Dysostosis: A hereditary disorder occurring in two forms: the complete form (Franceschetti's syndrome) is characterized by antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures, coloboma of the lower lid, micrognathia and hypoplasia of the zygomatic arches, and microtia. It is transmitted as an autosomal trait. The incomplete form (Treacher Collins syndrome) is characterized by the same anomalies in less pronounced degree. It occurs sporadically, but an autosomal dominant mode of transmission is suspected. (Dorland, 27th ed)Funnel Chest: A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.Palatal Muscles: The muscles of the palate are the glossopalatine, palatoglossus, levator palati(ni), musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and tensor palati(ni).Vertical Dimension: The length of the face determined by the distance of separation of jaws. Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD or VDO) or contact vertical dimension is the lower face height with the teeth in centric occlusion. Rest vertical dimension (VDR) is the lower face height measured from a chin point to a point just below the nose, with the mandible in rest position. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p250)Surgical Flaps: Tongues of skin and subcutaneous tissue, sometimes including muscle, cut away from the underlying parts but often still attached at one end. They retain their own microvasculature which is also transferred to the new site. They are often used in plastic surgery for filling a defect in a neighboring region.Photography, Dental: Photographic techniques used in ORTHODONTICS; DENTAL ESTHETICS; and patient education.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Hammer Toe Syndrome: A condition characterized by a series of interrelated digital symptoms and joint changes of the lesser digits and METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS of the FOOT. The syndrome can include some or all of the following conditions: hammer toe, claw toe, mallet toe, overlapping fifth toe, curly toe, EXOSTOSIS; HYPEROSTOSIS; interdigital heloma, or contracted toe.External Fixators: External devices which hold wires or pins that are placed through one or both cortices of bone in order to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment. These devices allow easy access to wounds, adjustment during the course of healing, and more functional use of the limbs involved.Teratogens: An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.Genu Valgum: An inward slant of the thigh in which the knees are close together and the ankles far apart. Genu valgum can develop due to skeletal and joint dysplasias (e.g., OSTEOARTHRITIS; HURLER SYNDROME); and malnutrition (e.g., RICKETS; FLUORIDE POISONING).Speech Disorders: Acquired or developmental conditions marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or generate spoken forms of language.Free Radicals: Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.Holoprosencephaly: Anterior midline brain, cranial, and facial malformations resulting from the failure of the embryonic prosencephalon to undergo segmentation and cleavage. Alobar prosencephaly is the most severe form and features anophthalmia; cyclopia; severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; CLEFT LIP; CLEFT PALATE; SEIZURES; and microcephaly. Semilobar holoprosencepaly is characterized by hypotelorism, microphthalmia, coloboma, nasal malformations, and variable degrees of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Lobar holoprosencephaly is associated with mild (or absent) facial malformations and intellectual abilities that range from mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY to normal. Holoprosencephaly is associated with CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES.Fetal Diseases: Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.Consanguinity: The magnitude of INBREEDING in humans.Retrognathia: A physical misalignment of the upper (maxilla) and lower (mandibular) jaw bones in which either or both recede relative to the frontal plane of the forehead.Dental Enamel Hypoplasia: An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.Surgery, Oral: A dental specialty concerned with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of disease, injuries, and defects of the human oral and maxillofacial region.Tuberculosis, Spinal: Osteitis or caries of the vertebrae, usually occurring as a complication of tuberculosis of the lungs.Range of Motion, Articular: The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.Tibia: The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.Facies: The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Splints: Rigid or flexible appliances used to maintain in position a displaced or movable part or to keep in place and protect an injured part. (Dorland, 28th ed)Fractures, Malunited: Union of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty or abnormal position. If two bones parallel to one another unite by osseous tissue, the result is a crossunion. (From Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 4th ed)Orthopedic Fixation Devices: Devices which are used in the treatment of orthopedic injuries and diseases.Somatosensory Disorders: Disorders of sensory information received from superficial and deep regions of the body. The somatosensory system conveys neural impulses which pertain to proprioception, tactile sensation, thermal sensation, pressure sensation, and pain. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; and BRAIN DISEASES may be associated with impaired or abnormal somatic sensation.Spinal Fusion: Operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae by fusion of the vertebral bodies with a short bone graft or often with diskectomy or laminectomy. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p236; Dorland, 28th ed)Dentofacial Deformities: An abnormality of the jaws or teeth affecting the contour of the face. Such abnormality could be acquired or congenital.Dental Occlusion: The relationship of all the components of the masticatory system in normal function. It has special reference to the position and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth for the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p556, p472)Genu Varum: An outward slant of the thigh in which the knees are wide apart and the ankles close together. Genu varum can develop due to skeletal and joint dysplasia (e.g., OSTEOARTHRITIS; Blount's disease); and malnutrition (e.g., RICKETS; FLUORIDE POISONING).Osteogenesis, Distraction: Bone lengthening by gradual mechanical distraction. An external fixation device produces the distraction across the bone plate. The technique was originally applied to long bones but in recent years the method has been adapted for use with mandibular implants in maxillofacial surgery.Micrognathism: Abnormally small jaw.Otoscopy: Examination of the EAR CANAL and eardrum with an OTOSCOPE.Dental Prosthesis: An artificial replacement for one or more natural teeth or part of a tooth, or associated structures, ranging from a portion of a tooth to a complete denture. The dental prosthesis is used for cosmetic or functional reasons, or both. DENTURES and specific types of dentures are also available. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p244 & Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p643)Facial Transplantation: The transference between individuals of the entire face or major facial structures. In addition to the skin and cartilaginous tissue (CARTILAGE), it may include muscle and bone as well.Radiography, Dental: Radiographic techniques used in dentistry.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Casts, Surgical: Dressings made of fiberglass, plastic, or bandage impregnated with plaster of paris used for immobilization of various parts of the body in cases of fractures, dislocations, and infected wounds. In comparison with plaster casts, casts made of fiberglass or plastic are lightweight, radiolucent, able to withstand moisture, and less rigid.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Choanal Atresia: A congenital abnormality that is characterized by a blocked CHOANAE, the opening between the nose and the NASOPHARYNX. Blockage can be unilateral or bilateral; bony or membranous.Pedigree: The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.Ulna: The inner and longer bone of the FOREARM.Smiling: A facial expression which may denote feelings of pleasure, affection, amusement, etc.Uvula: A fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate that hangs above the opening of the throat.Tendon Transfer: Surgical procedure by which a tendon is incised at its insertion and placed at an anatomical site distant from the original insertion. The tendon remains attached at the point of origin and takes over the function of a muscle inactivated by trauma or disease.Braces: Orthopedic appliances used to support, align, or hold parts of the body in correct position. (Dorland, 28th ed)Bone Transplantation: The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.
Thousand Smiles FoundationThousand Smiles Foundation
Childrens Surgical CentreChildren's Surgical Centre
History of rhinoplastyHistory of rhinoplasty
RhinoplastyRhinoplasty
Cleft lip and cleft palateCleft lip and cleft palate
Plastic surgeryPlastic surgery
Hermann F. SailerHermann F. Sailer
Plastic surgeryPlastic surgery
Anatomy of the human noseAnatomy of the human nose
OrthodonticsOrthodontics
Archibald McIndoeArchibald McIndoe
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorderFetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Birth defectBirth defect
Birth defectBirth defect
OrthodonticsOrthodontics
Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Missing diseases/7Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/Missing diseases/7
PhocomeliaPhocomelia
RhinoplastyRhinoplasty
Plastic surgeryPlastic surgery
InbreedingInbreeding
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth Care
Surgery, VeterinarySurgery, PlasticCleft LipCleft PalatePalateLipPalate, HardPalate, SoftJoint Deformities, AcquiredFoot Deformities, AcquiredFacial NerveFacial MusclesFacial ParalysisFacial ExpressionHand Deformities, AcquiredLip NeoplasmsLip DiseasesFaceFacial AsymmetryFacial BonesAbnormalities, MultipleNose Deformities, AcquiredFoot Deformities, CongenitalFacial Nerve DiseasesFacial InjuriesMaxillaMouth AbnormalitiesSpinal CurvaturesCraniofacial AbnormalitiesFoot DeformitiesScoliosisClubfootOsteotomyEquinus DeformityOral Surgical ProceduresMaxillofacial DevelopmentEstheticsKyphosisLower Extremity Deformities, CongenitalAlveoloplastyLimb Deformities, CongenitalSyndromeTooth AbnormalitiesCongenital AbnormalitiesFacial DermatosesReconstructive Surgical ProceduresPalatal ObturatorsHand Deformities, CongenitalCephalometryAnodontiaPalatal NeoplasmsMSX1 Transcription FactorDental ModelsSyndactylyFacial NeoplasmsSpineInfant, NewbornNoseDental ArchFacial PainMandibleTransforming Growth Factor beta3Bone Diseases, DevelopmentalJaw AbnormalitiesIlizarov TechniqueInterferon Regulatory FactorsPierre Robin SyndromeDental Impression TechniqueMaxillofacial AbnormalitiesEctodermal DysplasiaBone LengtheningLeg Length InequalityImaging, Three-DimensionalOral FistulaPregnancyMusculoskeletal AbnormalitiesThoracic VertebraeUltrasonography, PrenatalRetrospective StudiesIncisorFlatfootVelopharyngeal InsufficiencyRhinoplastySkullEar Deformities, AcquiredBeautyAnatomic LandmarksTreatment OutcomeAbnormalities, Drug-InducedRibsMalocclusionOrthopedic ProceduresAlveolar ProcessChinTarsal BonesTongueToesHallux ValgusContractureMandibulofacial DysostosisFunnel ChestPalatal MusclesVertical DimensionSurgical FlapsPhotography, DentalCase-Control StudiesHammer Toe SyndromeExternal FixatorsTeratogensGenu ValgumSpeech DisordersFree RadicalsHoloprosencephalyFetal DiseasesConsanguinityRetrognathiaDental Enamel HypoplasiaSurgery, OralTuberculosis, SpinalRange of Motion, ArticularTibiaFaciesSplintsFractures, MalunitedOrthopedic Fixation DevicesSomatosensory DisordersSpinal FusionDentofacial DeformitiesDental OcclusionGenu VarumOsteogenesis, DistractionMicrognathismOtoscopyDental ProsthesisFacial TransplantationRadiography, DentalPhenotypeCasts, SurgicalFollow-Up StudiesChoanal AtresiaPedigreeUlnaSmilingUvulaTendon TransferBracesBone Transplantation
Baby Born with Part of Brain Outside Skull Gets Surgery - ABC NewsBaby Born with Part of Brain Outside Skull Gets Surgery - ABC News
When Is Cosmetic Surgery the Answer to Bullying? - ABC NewsWhen Is Cosmetic Surgery the Answer to Bullying? - ABC News
Cake Wrecks: Watch Your StepCake Wrecks: Watch Your Step
Anadolu Medical Center | International Hospital IstanbulAnadolu Medical Center | International Hospital Istanbul
Avi Weisfogel DDS Launches GoFundMe Campaign Set Up To Benefit Operation SmileAvi Weisfogel DDS Launches GoFundMe Campaign Set Up To Benefit Operation Smile
True Incentive Brings Smiles to Travelers and ChildrenTrue Incentive Brings Smiles to Travelers and Children
Surgical Management of Facial Trauma, An Issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, Volume 46-5 - 1st EditionSurgical Management of Facial Trauma, An Issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, Volume 46-5 - 1st Edition
Operation Smile - healthfinder.govOperation Smile - healthfinder.gov
Thousand Smiles Foundation - WikipediaThousand Smiles Foundation - Wikipedia
Cindy McCain Wraps Vietnam Charity StopCindy McCain Wraps Vietnam Charity Stop
Smile Foundation | Charity - Profile | BackaBuddySmile Foundation | Charity - Profile | BackaBuddy
Van Damme: The Absence of a Smile Is Hostile to Human Nature | Oct 22, 2014 - ReleaseWireVan Damme: The Absence of a Smile Is Hostile to Human Nature | Oct 22, 2014 - ReleaseWire
Disease Prevention & Treatment - Rotary District 1190 Disease Prevention & Treatment - Rotary District 1190
Operation Smile | Lions Clubs Australia - We serveOperation Smile | Lions Clubs Australia - We serve
Bates Wells Braithwaite wins prestigious STEP Private Client Award | Bates Wells Braithwaite, LondonBates Wells Braithwaite wins prestigious STEP Private Client Award | Bates Wells Braithwaite, London
Dana N. Johns, MD - Plastic Surgery , Pediatric Plastic Surgery , Surgery | University of Utah HealthDana N. Johns, MD - Plastic Surgery , Pediatric Plastic Surgery , Surgery | University of Utah Health
DentalPlans.com Matches Donations to Save 7 Smiles in 7 DaysDentalPlans.com Matches Donations to Save 7 Smiles in 7 Days
Digital Influence Mapping Project: April 2013Digital Influence Mapping Project: April 2013
Single Implant Secunderabad, India - Compare Prices and Check ReviewsSingle Implant Secunderabad, India - Compare Prices and Check Reviews
Teeth Cleaning Hyderabad, India - Compare Prices and Check ReviewsTeeth Cleaning Hyderabad, India - Compare Prices and Check Reviews
Charity cycle events - Tag - Talk VietnamCharity cycle events - Tag - Talk Vietnam
Program Members > Yale Cancer Center | Yale School of...Program Members > Yale Cancer Center | Yale School of...
How Does Technology Heal Smiles? - Microsoft Citizenship Asia PacificHow Does Technology Heal Smiles? - Microsoft Citizenship Asia Pacific
How about a 459 km swim from Mozambique to Madigascar! Wow! | L.O.S.T. Swimming (Lake Ontario Swim Team)How about a 459 km swim from Mozambique to Madigascar! Wow! | L.O.S.T. Swimming (Lake Ontario Swim Team)
Operation San Jose: Dulces Story - CHRISTUS Foundation for HealthCareOperation San Jose: Dulce's Story - CHRISTUS Foundation for HealthCare
Trinity Care Foundation: Free Cleft lip palate surgery Camp || KalaburagiTrinity Care Foundation: Free Cleft lip palate surgery Camp || Kalaburagi
Dr ChoDr Cho
Cydcors Continues Operation Smile Partnership | Cydcor BlogCydcor's Continues Operation Smile Partnership | Cydcor Blog
Make Your Own Havaianas 2012 CDO - MYOHCDO2012 - MindanaoanMake Your Own Havaianas 2012 CDO - MYOHCDO2012 - Mindanaoan
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth Care
Surgery, VeterinarySurgery, PlasticCleft LipCleft PalatePalateLipPalate, HardPalate, SoftJoint Deformities, AcquiredFoot Deformities, AcquiredFacial NerveFacial MusclesFacial ParalysisFacial ExpressionHand Deformities, AcquiredLip NeoplasmsLip DiseasesFaceFacial AsymmetryFacial BonesAbnormalities, MultipleNose Deformities, AcquiredFoot Deformities, CongenitalFacial Nerve DiseasesFacial InjuriesMaxillaMouth AbnormalitiesSpinal CurvaturesCraniofacial AbnormalitiesFoot DeformitiesScoliosisClubfootOsteotomyEquinus DeformityOral Surgical ProceduresMaxillofacial DevelopmentEstheticsKyphosisLower Extremity Deformities, CongenitalAlveoloplastyLimb Deformities, CongenitalSyndromeTooth AbnormalitiesCongenital AbnormalitiesFacial DermatosesReconstructive Surgical ProceduresPalatal ObturatorsHand Deformities, CongenitalCephalometryAnodontiaPalatal NeoplasmsMSX1 Transcription FactorDental ModelsSyndactylyFacial NeoplasmsSpineInfant, NewbornNoseDental ArchFacial PainMandibleTransforming Growth Factor beta3Bone Diseases, DevelopmentalJaw AbnormalitiesIlizarov TechniqueInterferon Regulatory FactorsPierre Robin SyndromeDental Impression TechniqueMaxillofacial AbnormalitiesEctodermal DysplasiaBone LengtheningLeg Length InequalityImaging, Three-DimensionalOral FistulaPregnancyMusculoskeletal AbnormalitiesThoracic VertebraeUltrasonography, PrenatalRetrospective StudiesIncisorFlatfootVelopharyngeal InsufficiencyRhinoplastySkullEar Deformities, AcquiredBeautyAnatomic LandmarksTreatment OutcomeAbnormalities, Drug-InducedRibsMalocclusionOrthopedic ProceduresAlveolar ProcessChinTarsal BonesTongueToesHallux ValgusContractureMandibulofacial DysostosisFunnel ChestPalatal MusclesVertical DimensionSurgical FlapsPhotography, DentalCase-Control StudiesHammer Toe SyndromeExternal FixatorsTeratogensGenu ValgumSpeech DisordersFree RadicalsHoloprosencephalyFetal DiseasesConsanguinityRetrognathiaDental Enamel HypoplasiaSurgery, OralTuberculosis, SpinalRange of Motion, ArticularTibiaFaciesSplintsFractures, MalunitedOrthopedic Fixation DevicesSomatosensory DisordersSpinal FusionDentofacial DeformitiesDental OcclusionGenu VarumOsteogenesis, DistractionMicrognathismOtoscopyDental ProsthesisFacial TransplantationRadiography, DentalPhenotypeCasts, SurgicalFollow-Up StudiesChoanal AtresiaPedigreeUlnaSmilingUvulaTendon TransferBracesBone Transplantation
NoseModernAnomaliesProvides free surgeries to repairMaxillofacialHead and neckUnilateral cleft lipTreatable facialChild's200,000 free surgeries2017SurgeonsScarSurgical proceduresAbnormalitiesOperation SmileChildren and young adultsMalformationsAbnormalityYoung adultsTumorsSurgeries for childrenClinicNeckTissueCraniofacial teamBirth defectIndigent childrenBilateralRepairRepairsMultidisciplinaryDiagnosisPrimary palateDevelopment during ge
Nose1
Modern1
Anomalies6
Provides free surgeries to repair2
Maxillofacial2
Head and neck3
Unilateral cleft lip1
Treatable facial3
Child's4
200,000 free surgeries2
20171
Surgeons4
  • Surgeons working with the foundation operate for free on children with facial deformities, and the foundation covers other expenses, like Samantha's trip to New York City. (go.com)
  • The Center's multidisciplinary faculty features facial plastic surgeons and their colleagues in complementary surgical disciplines who work together with additional specialists to provide each patient with highly individualized and compassionate care. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The comprehensive cleft care services include services of Surgeons, Anesthesiologists, Pediatricians, Speech Therapists, ENT Specialists, Child life psychologists, and Dental/orthodontists.Under the joint initiative, free surgeries to children from less privileged sections will be provided to help overcome their condition and help them live a normal childhood. (wordpress.com)
  • Appropriately, cleft surgeons have a concerted interest in postoperative outcomes, especially the occurrence and treatment of cleft-related speech dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Scar3
Surgical procedures9
Abnormalities3
Operation Smile10
Children and young adults2
  • Trinity Care Foundation conducted this Health Camp for identifying Needy and Poor { Children and Young Adults } with Facial Deformities in Kalaburagi district and Providing them Surgical Treatments Free of Cost at different hospitals in Hyderabad and Bangalore, India. (blogspot.com)
  • In volunteering for Medical Missions for Children and the Global Smile Foundation, Dr. Larian is able to offer free surgical services to underprivileged children and young adults in developing countries, such as Guatemala and El Salvador. (prweb.com)
Malformations2
Abnormality2
Young adults1
Tumors1
Surgeries for children2
Clinic2
Neck1
  • An oral pathologist, on the other hand, is one who studies diseases that alter or affect the oral structures (teeth, lips, cheeks or jaws) as well as parts of the face and neck. (selfgrowth.com)
Tissue6
Craniofacial team5
Birth defect1
Indigent children1
Bilateral2
Repair2
Repairs2
Multidisciplinary2
Diagnosis5
Primary palate1
  • Formation of the primary palate begins at approximately 35 days of gestation. (medscape.com)
Development during ge1