Exons
Alternative Splicing
A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.
Introns
Base Sequence
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
RNA Splicing
Amino Acid Sequence
RNA Splice Sites
Mutation
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Cloning, Molecular
RNA Precursors
RNA transcripts of the DNA that are in some unfinished stage of post-transcriptional processing (RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL) required for function. RNA precursors may undergo several steps of RNA SPLICING during which the phosphodiester bonds at exon-intron boundaries are cleaved and the introns are excised. Consequently a new bond is formed between the ends of the exons. Resulting mature RNAs can then be used; for example, mature mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER) is used as a template for protein production.
Pedigree
Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
Variation in a population's DNA sequence that is detected by determining alterations in the conformation of denatured DNA fragments. Denatured DNA fragments are allowed to renature under conditions that prevent the formation of double-stranded DNA and allow secondary structure to form in single stranded fragments. These fragments are then run through polyacrylamide gels to detect variations in the secondary structure that is manifested as an alteration in migration through the gels.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Protein Isoforms
DNA, Complementary
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Transcription, Genetic
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Genes
Point Mutation
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Restriction Mapping
DNA Primers
Chromosome Mapping
Codon, Nonsense
An amino acid-specifying codon that has been converted to a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR) by mutation. Its occurance is abnormal causing premature termination of protein translation and results in production of truncated and non-functional proteins. A nonsense mutation is one that converts an amino acid-specific codon to a stop codon.
Frameshift Mutation
A type of mutation in which a number of NUCLEOTIDES deleted from or inserted into a protein coding sequence is not divisible by three, thereby causing an alteration in the READING FRAMES of the entire coding sequence downstream of the mutation. These mutations may be induced by certain types of MUTAGENS or may occur spontaneously.
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Alleles
Mutation, Missense
Blotting, Southern
Dystrophin
A muscle protein localized in surface membranes which is the product of the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene. Individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually lack dystrophin completely while those with Becker muscular dystrophy have dystrophin of an altered size. It shares features with other cytoskeletal proteins such as SPECTRIN and alpha-actinin but the precise function of dystrophin is not clear. One possible role might be to preserve the integrity and alignment of the plasma membrane to the myofibrils during muscle contraction and relaxation. MW 400 kDa.
Polymorphism, Genetic
The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Genomic Library
Gene Deletion
Gene Expression Regulation
Phenotype
Encyclopedias as Topic
Recombination, Genetic
Codon
A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).
Galaxies
Astronomy
Astronomical Phenomena
Gene Expression Profiling
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Tight binding of the 5' exon to domain I of a group II self-splicing intron requires completion of the intron active site. (1/14753)
Group II self-splicing requires the 5' exon to form base pairs with two stretches of intronic sequence (EBS1 and EBS2) which also bind the DNA target during retrotransposition of the intron. We have used dimethyl sulfate modification of bases to obtain footprints of the 5' exon on intron Pl.LSU/2 from the mitochondrion of the alga Pylaiella littoralis, as well as on truncated intron derivatives. Aside from the EBS sites, which are part of the same subdomain (ID) of ribozyme secondary structure, three distant adenines become either less or more sensitive to modification in the presence of the exon. Unexpectedly, one of these adenines in subdomain IC1 is footprinted only in the presence of the distal helix of domain V, which is involved in catalysis. While the loss of that footprint is accompanied by a 100-fold decrease in the affinity for the exon, both protection from modification and efficient binding can be restored by a separate domain V transcript, whose binding results in its own, concise footprint on domains I and III. Possible biological implications of the need for the group II active site to be complete in order to observe high-affinity binding of the 5' exon to domain I are discussed. (+info)A premature termination codon interferes with the nuclear function of an exon splicing enhancer in an open reading frame-dependent manner. (2/14753)
Premature translation termination codon (PTC)-mediated effects on nuclear RNA processing have been shown to be associated with a number of human genetic diseases; however, how these PTCs mediate such effects in the nucleus is unclear. A PTC at nucleotide (nt) 2018 that lies adjacent to the 5' element of a bipartite exon splicing enhancer within the NS2-specific exon of minute virus of mice P4 promoter-generated pre-mRNA caused a decrease in the accumulated levels of P4-generated R2 mRNA relative to P4-generated R1 mRNA, although the total accumulated levels of P4 product remained the same. This effect was seen in nuclear RNA and was independent of RNA stability. The 5' and 3' elements of the bipartite NS2-specific exon enhancer are redundant in function, and when the 2018 PTC was combined with a deletion of the 3' enhancer element, the exon was skipped in the majority of the viral P4-generated product. Such exon skipping in response to a PTC, but not a missense mutation at nt 2018, could be suppressed by frame shift mutations in either exon of NS2 which reopened the NS2 open reading frame, as well as by improvement of the upstream intron 3' splice site. These results suggest that a PTC can interfere with the function of an exon splicing enhancer in an open reading frame-dependent manner and that the PTC is recognized in the nucleus. (+info)Selection and characterization of pre-mRNA splicing enhancers: identification of novel SR protein-specific enhancer sequences. (3/14753)
Splicing enhancers are RNA sequences required for accurate splice site recognition and the control of alternative splicing. In this study, we used an in vitro selection procedure to identify and characterize novel RNA sequences capable of functioning as pre-mRNA splicing enhancers. Randomized 18-nucleotide RNA sequences were inserted downstream from a Drosophila doublesex pre-mRNA enhancer-dependent splicing substrate. Functional splicing enhancers were then selected by multiple rounds of in vitro splicing in nuclear extracts, reverse transcription, and selective PCR amplification of the spliced products. Characterization of the selected splicing enhancers revealed a highly heterogeneous population of sequences, but we identified six classes of recurring degenerate sequence motifs five to seven nucleotides in length including novel splicing enhancer sequence motifs. Analysis of selected splicing enhancer elements and other enhancers in S100 complementation assays led to the identification of individual enhancers capable of being activated by specific serine/arginine (SR)-rich splicing factors (SC35, 9G8, and SF2/ASF). In addition, a potent splicing enhancer sequence isolated in the selection specifically binds a 20-kDa SR protein. This enhancer sequence has a high level of sequence homology with a recently identified RNA-protein adduct that can be immunoprecipitated with an SRp20-specific antibody. We conclude that distinct classes of selected enhancers are activated by specific SR proteins, but there is considerable sequence degeneracy within each class. The results presented here, in conjunction with previous studies, reveal a remarkably broad spectrum of RNA sequences capable of binding specific SR proteins and/or functioning as SR-specific splicing enhancers. (+info)Substrate specificities of SR proteins in constitutive splicing are determined by their RNA recognition motifs and composite pre-mRNA exonic elements. (4/14753)
We report striking differences in the substrate specificities of two human SR proteins, SF2/ASF and SC35, in constitutive splicing. beta-Globin pre-mRNA (exons 1 and 2) is spliced indiscriminately with either SR protein. Human immunodeficiency virus tat pre-mRNA (exons 2 and 3) and immunoglobulin mu-chain (IgM) pre-mRNA (exons C3 and C4) are preferentially spliced with SF2/ASF and SC35, respectively. Using in vitro splicing with mutated or chimeric derivatives of the tat and IgM pre-mRNAs, we defined specific combinations of segments in the downstream exons, which mediate either positive or negative effects to confer SR protein specificity. A series of recombinant chimeric proteins consisting of domains of SF2/ASF and SC35 in various combinations was used to localize trans-acting domains responsible for substrate specificity. The RS domains of SF2/ASF and SC35 can be exchanged without effect on substrate specificity. The RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) of SF2/ASF are active only in the context of a two-RRM structure, and RRM2 has a dominant role in substrate specificity. In contrast, the single RRM of SC35 can function alone, but its substrate specificity can be influenced by the presence of an additional RRM. The RRMs behave as modules that, when present in different combinations, can have positive, neutral, or negative effects on splicing, depending upon the specific substrate. We conclude that SR protein-specific recognition of specific positive and negative pre-mRNA exonic elements via one or more RRMs is a crucial determinant of the substrate specificity of SR proteins in constitutive splicing. (+info)Identification of DNA polymorphisms associated with the V type alpha1-antitrypsin gene. (5/14753)
alpha1-Antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) is a highly polymorphic protein. The V allele of alpha1-AT has been shown to be associated with focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) in Negroid and mixed race South African patients. To identify mutations and polymorphisms in the gene for the V allele of alpha1-AT in five South African patients with FGS nephrotic syndrome DNA sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the coding exons were carried out. Four of the patients were heterozygous for the BstEII RFLP in exon III [M1(Val213)(Ala213)] and one patient was a M1(Ala213) homozygote. The mutation for the V allele was identified in exon II as Gly-148 (GGG)-->Arg (AGG) and in all patients was associated with a silent mutation at position 158 (AAC-->AAT). The patient who was homozygous for (Ala213) also had a silent mutation at position 256 in exon III (GAT-->GAC) which was not present in any of the other four patients. Although the V allele of alpha1-AT is not associated with severe plasma deficiency, it may be in linkage disequilibrium with other genes on chromosome 14 that predispose to FGS. Furthermore, the associated silent mutation at position 158 and the Ala213 polymorphism are of interest, as these could represent an evolutionary intermediate between the M1(Ala213) and M1(Val213) subtypes. (+info)Promoter and exon-intron structure of the protein kinase C gene from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium: evolutionary considerations and promoter activity. (6/14753)
We report the gene structure of a key signaling molecule from a marine sponge, Geodia cydonium. The selected gene, which codes for a classical protein kinase C (cPKC), comprises 13 exons and 12 introns; the introns are, in contrast to those found in cPKC from higher Metazoa, small in size ranging from 93 nt to 359 nt. The complete gene has a length of 4229 nt and contains exons which encode the characteristic putative regulatory and catalytic domains of metazoan cPKCs. While in the regulatory domain only one intron is in phase 0, in the catalytic domain most introns are phase 0 introns, suggesting that the latter only rarely undergo module duplication. The 5'-flanking sequence of the sponge cPKC gene contains a TATA-box like motif which is located 35-26 nt upstream from the start of the longest sequenced cDNA. This 5'-flanking sequence was analyzed for promoter activity. The longest fragment (538 nt) was able to drive the expression of luciferase in transient transfections of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts; the strong activity of the sponge promoter was found to be half the one displayed by the SV40 reference promoter. Deletion analysis demonstrates that the AP4 site and the GC box which is most adjacent to the TATA box are the crucial elements for maximal promoter activity. The activity of the promoter is not changed in 3T3 cells which are kept serum starved or in the presence of a phorbol ester. In conclusion, these data present the phylogenetically oldest cPKC gene which contains in the 5'-flanking region a promoter functional in the heterologous mammalian cell system. (+info)Expression of novel alternatively spliced isoforms of the oct-1 transcription factor. (7/14753)
Analysis of the alternatively spliced isoforms of the human and mouse oct-1 genes, combined with their exon-intron structure, show a high level of evolutionary conservation between these two species. The differential expression of several oct-1 isoforms was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction performed on the 3' region of the murine oct-1 cDNA. Variations in the relative levels and patterns of expression of the isoforms were found among different tissues. Three novel isoforms originating from the 3'-distal region of oct-1, were isolated and sequenced: Two were derived from testis, and one from myeloma cells. Splicing out of different exons as revealed in the structure of these isoforms results in reading frameshifts that presumably lead to the expression of shortened Oct-1 proteins, with distinct C-terminal tails. Altogether, six out of the eight known murine oct-1 isoforms may have distinct C-termini, implying that these multiple tails have different functional roles in cellular differentiation and physiology. (+info)The alphaE-catenin gene (CTNNA1) acts as an invasion-suppressor gene in human colon cancer cells. (8/14753)
The acquisition of invasiveness is a crucial step in the malignant progression of cancer. In cancers of the colon and of other organs the E-cadherin/catenin complex, which is implicated in homotypic cell-cell adhesion as well as in signal transduction, serves as a powerful inhibitor of invasion. We show here that one allele of the alphaE-catenin (CTNNA1) gene is mutated in the human colon cancer cell family HCT-8, which is identical to HCT-15, DLD-1 and HRT-18. Genetic instability, due to mutations in the HMSH6 (also called GTBP) mismatch repair gene, results in the spontaneous occurrence of invasive variants, all carrying either a mutation or exon skipping in the second alphaE-catenin allele. The alphaE-catenin gene is therefore, an invasion-suppressor gene in accordance with the two-hit model of Knudsen for tumour-suppressor genes. (+info)
Intron/exon structure of the human gene for the muscle isozyme of glycogen phosphorylase
- UC Davis
Predicting mutually exclusive spliced exons based on exon length, splice site and reading frame conservation, and exon sequence...
Identification and characterization of alternative exon usage linked glioblastoma multiforme survival | BMC Medical Genomics |...
Implementation of exon arrays: alternative splicing during T-cell proliferation as determined by whole genome analysis
Affy Exon Array Track Settings
Overexpression of Prostate-Specific TMPRSS2(exon 0)-ERG Fusion Transcripts Corresponds with Favorable Prognosis of Prostate...
galaxy-user] Constitutive exon workflow?
Exon shuffling - Wikipedia
JYX - iGEMS : an integrated model for identification of alternative exon usage events
Tissue-specific splicing regulator Fox-1 induces exon skipping by interfering E complex formation on the downstream intron of...
Discovery of tissue-specific exons using comprehensive human exon microarrays | Genome Biology | Full Text
Bio::Tools::Genemark - search.cpan.org
Dopamine D4 receptor exon III genotype influence on the audito...
Browsing: Structural exon database
The complete local genotype-phenotype landscape for the alternative splicing of a human exon
A novel CD45 transcript involving the alternative splicing of a new exon is widely distributed in lymphoid tissues. - CAMS...
Exon arrays provide accurate assessments of gene expression | Genome Biology | Full Text
Exon - Wikipedia
Exon Skipping Applicability - Muscular Dystrophy - Fitness VIP
Introducing BaseScopeâ„¢ Assays
Global analysis of aberrant pre-mRNA splicing in glioblastoma using exon expression arrays | BMC Genomics | Full Text
Oalib search
Exon - Wikipedia
Decrease in excitatory neurons, astrocytes and proliferating progenitors in the cerebral cortex of mice lacking exon 3 from the...
The mouse Laf4 gene: Exon/intron organization, cDNA sequence, alternative splicing, and expression during central nervous...
Bio::Tools::MZEF - search.cpan.org
Genes | Free Full-Text | Aberrant Single Exon Skipping is not Altered by Age in Exons of NF1, RABAC1, AATF or PCGF2 in Human...
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Gene Regulation | Hypertension
A Newly Created Splice Donor Site in Exon 25 of the MyBP-C Gene Is Responsible for Inherited Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With...
Transcriptome-based exon capture enables highly cost-effective comparative genomic data collection at moderate evolutionary...
Exons - The School of Biomedical Sciences Wiki
SMART: Secondary literature for AMOP domain
Classification of Short Human Exons and Introns based on Statistical Features
Exon | Definition of Exon at Dictionary.com
SMART: Secondary literature for COLFI domain
How To Get Bed File Containing Exons Of Canonical Transcripts And Their Corresponding Gene Symbols
Novel methodologies for spectral classification of exon and intron sequences | EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing...
Novel methodologies for spectral classification of exon and intron sequences | EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing...
Organisation, Expression und Funktion des humanen Peroxisomal-Testis-Specific-1(PXT1)-Gens
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Performances de la puce exon et son application dans lanalyse de lépissage alternatif associé à la métastase du cancer de sein
ExoLocator - omicX
PLOS Genetics: Widespread Shortening of 3 Untranslated Regions and Increased Exon Inclusion Are Evolutionarily Conserved...
PLOS Genetics: Widespread Shortening of 3 Untranslated Regions and Increased Exon Inclusion Are Evolutionarily Conserved...
Exon deletion of 63-67 - PPMD Community
Plus it
introns and exons - Biology-Online
GENTAUR antibody-antibodies.com The Marketplace for Antibodies : The identification of a new alternative exon with highly...
Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA modification - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Multiexon skipping leading to an artificial DMD protein lacking amino acids from exons 45 through 55 could rescue up to 63% of...
Longitudinal changes in glucocorticoid receptor exon 1F methylation and psychopathology after military deployment
Thermal unfolding of smooth muscle and nonmuscle tropomyosin alpha-homodimers with alternatively spliced exons - Kent Academic...
To explore exonic variants in possibly associated with gout susceptibility, we sequenced all exons of in 480 gout cases and 480...
Different number of introns, exons, transcripts across RNA-Seq samples
Skipping of Exon 14 and Possible Instability of Both the mRNA and the Resultant Truncated Protein Underlie a Common Cholesteryl...
Exons Encode Enhancers | Science
The exon organization of the triple-helical coding regions of the human alpha 1(VI) and alpha 2(VI) collagen genes is highly...
αCP binding to a cytosine-rich subset of polypyrimidine tracts drives a novel pathway of cassette exon splicing in the...
Database of articles cited by EMDB/PDB/SASBDB data - Yorodumi Papers
How to trace exon number in genome sequence? - Molecular Biology - BioForum
Radio stories on Telecom and Exon
Chromatin firm affects substitute splicing and prior studies show that exons | PARP inhibitor BMN-673 targeting of the mutant...
Endodomain Diversity in the Drosophila Dscam and Its Roles in Neuronal Morphogenesis | Journal of Neuroscience
The Exon/Gene Search Engine
About Us - Exon Property Pte Ltd
Exon 19 Deletion Mutations of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Are Associated with Prolonged Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung...
A Trim5alpha Exon 2 Polymorphism is Associated with Protection from HIV-1 Infection in Pumwani Sexworker Cohort
MAGOH (mago homolog, exon junction complex core component)
Human Gene HLA-C (uc011gws.2) Description and Page Index
YOKOFAKUN: finding new intron-exon junctions using the public Encode RNASeq data
Genomic structure and expression profile of LPHH1, a 7TM gene variably expressed in breast cancer cell lines. - The Christie...
Data Sheet 2 Widespread Separation of the Polypyrimidine Tract From 3′ AG by G Tracts in Association With Alternative Exons in...
Data Sheet 1 Widespread Separation of the Polypyrimidine Tract From 3′ AG by G Tracts in Association With Alternative Exons in...
RosBREEDSNP SNP AC 27071636 Lg15 02084 MAF30 187884 exon1, RosBREEDSNP SNP AC 27071636 Lg15 02084 MAF30 187884 exon1 (genetic...
RosBREEDSNP SNP TC 45022535 Lg15 ACS MAF50 1618441 exon1, RosBREEDSNP SNP TC 45022535 Lg15 ACS MAF50 1618441 exon1 (genetic...
DiVA - Sökresultat
Untitled
44 Tiling array shows low ANRIL, high CDKN2B expression associated with chromosome 9p21 coronary artery disease (CAD) risk...
Protocadherin alpha-6
Protocadherin alpha-8
Plus it
TumorPortal
Digging deeper into the intronic sequences of the SPINK1 gene | Gut
Mutation-Specific Functional Impairments in Distinct Tau Isoforms of Hereditary FTDP-17 | Science
Alternative Isoform Detection Using Exon Arrays: Medicine & Healthcare Book Chapter | IGI Global
Mylvaganam, Mol Vis 2006; 12:1496-1498.
Convergence of Acquired Mutations and Alternative Splicing of CD19 Enables Resistance to CART-19 Immunotherapy | Cancer...
Sneak Peek: Colony Exon Tires - Global-Flat.com
Nebraska Sen. Exon in Hospital - latimes
Heritable somatic methylation and inactivation of MSH2 in families with Lynch syndrome due to deletion of the 3 exons of...
Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica:
Exon-level expression analyses identify MYCN and NTRK1 as major determinants of alternative...
Household of Queen Elizabeth II
Exons[edit]. 5 August 1952: Brigadier William Greenwood Carr, DSO Lieutenant-Colonel Gerald Hugh Grosvenor, DSO ...
Deleted in Colorectal Cancer
The DCC gene is located at 18q21.3, and has a total of 57 possible exons and 43 possible introns. This theoretically results in ... Nigro JM, Cho KR, Fearon ER, Kern SE, Ruppert JM, Oliner JD, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (1991). "Scrambled exons". Cell. 64 (3): ...
TMEM125
... comprises four exons. Five TMEM125 promoters were identified by Genomatix Gene2Promoter. The primary promoter (NM_ ...
CFAP206
... it has 13 exons and 12 coding exons; the translation length is 622 residues The second protein coding transcript in human is ... the start codon is at the second exon of the mRNA and this indicate the first exon is spliced during the modification. In ... it contains 7 exons and only 6 exons are protein coding; the translation length is 252 residues Two-hybrid experiments revealed ... It contains 12 exons. The genomic DNA is 54,407 base pairs long, while the longest mRNA that it produces is 2,215 bp long. This ...
HLA-A
The protein coded for by the HLA-A gene is 365 amino acids long and weighs roughly 41,000 Daltons (Da). It contains 8 exons. ...
Helicase, POLQ-like
It contains twenty exons. Hel308's principal role is to repair replication-blocking lesions, such as interstrand DNA cross- ...
ACOT1
It contains 7 exons. The protein encoded by this gene contains 410 amino acids, and forms a homodimer with another chain. The ...
TEX9
... is located at 15q21.3 and has 18 exons. However, some exons overlap; therefore, there are only 13 distinguishable exons in ...
Uncharacterized protein C15orf32
It contains 3 exons. Two isoforms of C15orf32 exist. The longer transcript, known as transcript variant 2 on NCBI, is 1,764 ... Three SNPs within C15orf32, including rs1455773 in exon 1 which causes a missense mutation from alanine to threonine at ...
SHLD1
It contains 11 exons. Its aliases are RINN3 and SHLD1. C20orf196 produces 9 different mRNAs, with 7 alternatively spliced ... The mRNAs differ by the truncation of the 5' end, truncation of the 3' end, presence or absence of 2 cassette exons, and ... There are 3 probable alternative promoters, 3 non-overlapping alternative last exons, and 2 alternative polyadenylation sites. ... overlapping exons with different boundaries. C20orf196 has six splice isoforms. The promoter region is within bases 5749286 to ...
Pseudoachondroplasia
COMP contains 19 exons. The cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is 757 aa (OMIM 2008). COMP protein is found in the ...
Basic leucine zipper and W2 domain-containing protein 2
There are 12 exons. There are two known isoforms of BZW2. Isoform 1 is 419 amino acids long and is the most abundant form. ... Isoform 2 is 225 amino acids, containing only 11 exons and a shorter N-terminus. The coded protein is 419 amino acids long and ...
ACOT11
It contains 18 exons. The protein encoded by this gene contains 258 amino acids, and forms a homodimer with another chain. Its ...
GLS2
It contains 19 exons. GLS2 is a part of the glutaminase family. The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial phosphate- ...
H3K36me3
... might define exons. Nucleosomes in the exons have more histone modifications such as H3K79, H4K20, and especially ...
Jrk
It has 9 exons. The transcript of the gene is about 5000kB long, as determined through utilization of northern blot techniques ...
SKIDA1
It contains five exons. There is not a consensus on whether humans have one or two SKIDA1 isoforms. NCBI Gene claims there is ...
Transmembrane protein 53
TMEM53 has 3 exons. Twelve alternative splice forms have been identified using 26 alternative exons. The following table ...
Galectin-1
LGALS1 contains four exons. The galectin-1 protein is 135 amino acids in length and highly conserved across species. It can be ...
SBK3
The reference isoform does not include exon 2 and isoform X1 does not include exon 1. SBK3's reference protein has a predicted ... SBK3 has five exons; however, only four are included in the final mRNA transcript. SBK3 is found to have one isoform outside of ...
List of NCAA football records
"Greyson Lambert goes 24/25 (96 percent) to set NCAA accuracy record". EXON. Retrieved 19 September 2015. "2011 Football ...
Walter de Stapledon
Exon. & alios Regis Justiciarios ad Fratres Praedicatores tunc congregatos ("The Bishops of London and Exeter and other ...
Joseph Pitts (author)
Exon. p. 318. Davis, Robert. Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy ...
Walter Branscombe
Exon. Page 146 Both as Members of Parliament for Plympton Erle and Devon and as Sheriff of Devon Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae ... Bishop of Exon". The blazon contravenes the heraldic "Rule of Tinctures" Denton "Bronescombe, Walter of" Oxford Dictionary of ...
Lisa Parry
Exon. https://www.exeter.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/exon-19.pdf.CS1 maint: location (link) "Agent 160 Theatre Company ...
Ecclesiastical new moon
Ordinale Exon. vol. 1, Henry Bradshaw Society, London, 1909, p. 37. ...
HADHB
The gene contains 17 exons. HADHB encodes a 51.2 kDa protein that is composed of 474 amino acids; 124 peptides have been ...
CFAP157
The gene holds 9 exons. The most common variant of mRNAs of CFAP157 contains 1,722 base pairs. CFAP157 is expressed in many ...
C1orf74
Both exons are usually transcribed. A few cases exist where only the second exon was transcribed. A fusion transcript ... The translational start site of C1orf74 is after the exon-exon junction, which means the protein is made only by translating ... The transcript contains two exons and one upstream in-frame stop codon. The 5' UTR of this transcript is 343 nucleotides long ... The gene contains two exons. C1orf74 is downstream of the gene interferon regulatory factor 6 or IRF6 in humans. C1orf74 is ...
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
DUX4 consists of three exons. Exons 1 and 2 are in each repeat. Exon 3 is in the pLAM region telomeric to the last partial ...
Exon shuffling - Wikipedia
... or the same exon can be duplicated, to create a new exon-intron structure.[1] There are different mechanisms through which exon ... Exon shuffling is a molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. It is a process through which two or more exons from ... Therefore, exon shuffling became a major role in the construction of younger proteins.[citation needed] ... In order for exon shuffling to start to play a major role in protein evolution the appearance of spliceosomal introns had to ...
Exons News, Research
Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on addressing key mechanisms of tumor drug resistance, announced the presentation today of updated preliminary results from its ongoing Phase 1 clinical study of DCC-2618, the companys broad-spectrum KIT and PDGFRα inhibitor, in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors as a proffered paper presentation at the European Society of Medical Oncology 2018 Congress in Munich, Germany.. ...
Computational Identification of Short Initial Exons | SpringerLink
... the accurate identification of short exons remains a challenging problem. In this paper... ... the accurate identification of short exons remains a challenging problem. In this paper we concentrate on short initial exons ... Donor Site Gene Prediction Computational Identification Translation Initiation Site Internal Exon These keywords were added by ... The algorithm was evaluated on a total of 158 sequences containing short initial exons, and achieves an accuracy of up to 73%. ...
James Exon - Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia
galaxy-user] Constitutive exon workflow?
But how do I sort within genes? That is, how do I get the top 2 exons per gene (highest expressing exons per gene) and, if ... An additional nicety would be to somehow work in a preference for 5 exons. For example, lets say a gene has 3 exons and, with ... Id like to selectively get the first 2 exons. Ive started learning Galaxy and was able to import BED files for UCSC exons (as ... galaxy-user] Constitutive exon workflow? 7plusorminus 3 Mon, 10 Feb 2014 02:01:25 -0800 ...
Jim Exon: Bibliography
Introns and Exons again...
Is there any way of finding out where the intron/exon (exon-exon) boundaries are in a cDNA sequence? I am trying to design PCR ... Introns and Exons again.... Dr. N.A. Affara naffara at crc.ac.uk Wed Oct 7 10:19:36 EST 1992 *Previous message: Automated ... but not much about average length of introns and exons. Thanks very much if you have replied already! Phil (E-mail naffara at ...
Exon - Wikipedia
The first exon of a trapped gene splices into the exon that is contained in the insertional DNA. This new exon contains the ... The average exon encoded 30-36 amino acids. While the longest exon in the human genome is 11555 bp long, several exons have ... A single-nucleotide exon has been reported from the Arabidopsis genome. In protein-coding genes, the exons include both the ... Exon trapping or gene trapping is a molecular biology technique that exploits the existence of the intron-exon splicing to ...
Affymetrix exon array - The Weizmann Wave
Nebraska Sen. Exon in Hospital - latimes
Exons press secretary, said doctors at Bethesda Naval Hospital have ... J. James Exon (D-Neb.), 63, has been hospitalized after complaining of stomach pains, his office said today.Mark Bowen, ... Mark Bowen, Exons press secretary, said doctors at Bethesda Naval Hospital have diagnosed the pains as "relating to the ... J. James Exon (D-Neb.), 63, has been hospitalized after complaining of stomach pains, his office said today. ...
Urban Dictionary: Exon Nation
Exon Nation was founded by Exon Tray(Trayshawn Gillis) in May 18, 2015. ... Exon Nation has been around since 2015 competing in online and travel tournaments on GameBattles and CWL LAN tournaments ... and Mixer streamers that broadcast their self-live to hundredths of their followers and rep Exon Nation in there live streams ... Exon Nation is a professional Gaming Organization, which focuses mainly on eSports and Content Creation in Call of Duty, ...
Exon (disambiguation) - Wikipedia
Exon may refer to: Exon, a region of DNA that is represented in the mature form of RNA Exoribonuclease or ExoN, an RNA ... James Exon (1921-2005), American politician Nat Exon (born 1992), Australian rules footballer Exon is a rank for an officer in ... degrading enzyme Exoniensis or Exon., the Post-Nominal Letters for alumni / degrees from the University of Exeter Exon can also ... a brand of fuel sold by ExxonMobil This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Exon. If an internal link ...
Exon | Definition of Exon at Dictionary.com
Exon definition, (in Britain) one of four yeomen of the guard who act as commanding officers in the absence of higher authority ... Words nearby exon. exogenous, exogenous fiber, exogenous hyperglyceridemia, exome, exomphalos, exon, exonarthex, exonerate, ... Other words from exon. ex•on′ic adj.. The American Heritage® Stedmans Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by ... In eukaryotes, exons in a given gene are generally separated from each other by stretches of DNA that do not contain ...
exon within intron
Variable Tdp-43 cryptic exons between cell types | EurekAlert! Science News
... collaborative research team including Senior Researcher Yun Ha Jeong succeeded in discovering a phenomenon that cryptic exons ... IMAGE: (a) While some cryptic exons are common between cell types, many cryptic exons are unique to neurons (58), muscle (79) ... Cryptic exons are regions of the genome that are normally skipped by the spliceosome due to the presence of adjacent UG ... If Tdp-43 is normal, it will repress the expression of a specific cryptic exon and produce a normal protein; however, when a ...
Artemis-users] CDS changed to exon in gff3
The CDS feature changes to exon (the third column, type.). Advertising. Is it a bug or done on purpose? I have Artemis version ... Hi! A gff3 file contains features of gene, mRNA, exon and CDS. When I opened such a gff3 file in Artemis, and save out the gff3 ... Artemis-users] CDS changed to exon in gff3 Feifei Xu Wed, 21 Sep 2011 02:46:59 -0700 ...
Affymetrix Exon Array Announcements
Human Exon 1.0 ST Array Sample Data Update *changed the chiptype setting in the CEL files from HuEx-1_0-st-v1 to HuEx-1_0-st-v2 ... January 15, 2006 Human Exon 1.0 ST Array Update Notes. Updated the design time annotations based on some improvements and bug ... This field is set with the transcript_cluster_id, not exon level probe set id. This change makes it easier to merge these ... These changes affect some of the transcript cluster and exon cluster IDs. They also affect transcript cluster groupings. New ...
Jim Exon on Environment
Jim Exon on other issues:. NE Gubernatorial:. Mike Johanns. NE Senatorial:. Ben Nelson. Bob Kerrey. Charlie Matulka. Chuck ... Click here for SenateMatch answers by Jim Exon. *Agree? Disagree? Voice your opinions on Environment in The Forum. ... Jim Exon on Environment Voted YES on continuing desert protection in California. Invoking cloture on the California desert ...
Exon - Wikipedia
The average exon encoded 30-36 amino acids.[6] While the longest exon in the human genome is 11555 bp long, several exons have ... The first exon of a trapped gene splices into the exon that is contained in the insertional DNA. This new exon contains the ... For other uses, see Exon (disambiguation).. An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA ... Experimental approaches using exonsEdit. Exon trapping or gene trapping is a molecular biology technique that exploits the ...
Re: What is intergenic DNA compared to introns and exons?
Exon Skipping - Methods and Protocols | Annemieke Aartsma-Rus | Springer
Authoritative and practical Exon Skipping: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the continuing study of exon ... Exon Skipping. Book Subtitle. Methods and Protocols. Editors. * Annemieke Aartsma-Rus Series Title. Methods in Molecular ... Exon Skipping: Methods and Protocols provides scientist with a comprehensive guide to many of the methods and techniques used ... To functionally test these a lot can be achieved with a limited set of protocols, while for the intentional induction of exon ...
Article: Target Global Warming, Target Exon | OpEdNews
Target Exon - Those who dismiss global warmings threat have embraced a series of arguments, retreating from one to the next as ... Target Global Warming, Target Exon. By Paul Rogat Loeb (Page 1 of 2 pages) (View How Many People Read This) 3 comments ... Related Topic(s): Corporation Exon Mobile; Global Warming, Add Tags. Add to My Group(s) ...
Jim Exon on Foreign Policy
Jim Exon on other issues:. NE Gubernatorial:. Mike Johanns. NE Senatorial:. Ben Nelson. Bob Kerrey. Charlie Matulka. Chuck ... Click here for SenateMatch answers by Jim Exon. *Agree? Disagree? Voice your opinions on Foreign Policy in The Forum. ... Jim Exon on Foreign Policy Voted YES on Strengthening of the trade embargo against Cuba. Strengthening of the trade embargo ...
Jim Exon on the Issues
On the issues: Jim Exon Senate Match , NE Governor: Mike Johanns Nebraska Senators: Ben Nelson Bob Kerrey Charlie Matulka Chuck ... Jim Exon is a Moderate Populist Conservative. Click here for explanation of political philosophy. Click here for VoteMatch quiz ... Jim Exon on Energy & Oil Click here for the full quote on Energy & Oil OR background on Energy & Oil. *Voted YES on do not ... Jim Exon on Free Trade Click here for the full quote on Free Trade OR background on Free Trade. *Voted YES on imposing trade ...
Mr David Exon
... does not hold a share or financial interest in this hospital, another Nuffield Health hospital or the company. ... Mr David Exon does not have a share or financial interest in equipment used at this hospital or another Nuffield Health ... Mr David Exon does not hold any paid advisory role(s) at this hospital or on behalf of Nuffield Health. ... David Exon was appointed as Consultant Upper GI & General Surgeon in Leicester in 2010. Originally from Birmingham, he studied ...
Exon shuffling - Wikipedia
... or the same exon can be duplicated, to create a new exon-intron structure.[1] There are different mechanisms through which exon ... Exon shuffling is a molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. It is a process through which two or more exons from ... In order for exon shuffling to start to play a major role in protein evolution the appearance of spliceosomal introns had to ... Exon shuffling follows certain splice frame rules. Introns can interrupt the reading frame of a gene by inserting a sequence ...
Large exons encoding multiple ectodomains are a characteristic feature of protocadherin genes | PNAS
... large exon. However, it is interesting to note that in most cases the large exon is the 5′-most exon in the pre-mRNA. Previous ... and the average size of human first exons is about 284 nt (34). The small exon size is thought to be a consequence of "exon ... the large exons encoding the extracellular domains were designated variable region exons, whereas the three small exons ... 4 B and C). Thus, the intron/exon organization of both genes is similar to that of Pcdh genes, where the first exon encodes the ...
Mutations in all five exons of SOD-1 may cause ALS. - PubMed - NCBI
One in exon 4 substituting leucine with phenylalanine (L84F) in a familial patient and the second in exon 3 at substituting ... Mutations in all five exons of SOD-1 may cause ALS.. Shaw CE1, Enayat ZE, Chioza BA, Al-Chalabi A, Radunovic A, Powell JF, ... Over 60 point mutations have now been described in all five exons of SOD-1, involving 43 of the 153 residues. Hypotheses about ...
Saturation Editing of BRCA1 Exons Reveals Functional, Non-Functional Variants | GenomeWeb
exon shuffling (idea) by The Alchemist - Everything2.com
The theory that exons are basic modules of protein structure that can be shuffled by evolution (much like DNA shuffling, ... EXON 1 ,_______, NEW EXON ,_________, EXON 2 ,________ ,___________, INT ,_____________, RON ,_____________, Arguments tend to ... exon shuffling (idea). See all of exon shuffling, no other writeups in this node. ... The theory that exons are basic modules of protein structure that can be shuffled by evolution (much like artificial methods). ...
Introns and exonsIntronGenesJames ExonMutationsSequencesMRNADystrophinSingle exonProteinsAlternative SplicingEncodeIsoformsUses antisense oligonucleotidesAmino acidsSequenceGene ExonMouse exonArraysDuchenneAntisenseTranscripts from the same geneDetectionMethodsFunctionalCrypticNucleotideHuman genomeClustersTranscriptGenomeWorkflowDefinitionDownstreamJunctionMicroarrayProbeEukaryotesSplice siteMotifsPolymorphismCodonPhenotypeExonicEnhancerDomesdayBioSystemsMolecularVariantsGenomesMissensePolymorphismsGeneral SurgeonExpressionAssay
Introns and exons6
- Introns and Exons again. (bio.net)
- but not much about average length of introns and exons. (bio.net)
- Re: What is intergenic DNA compared to introns and exons? (madsci.org)
- Also I suppose that if it is the complete sequence it contains the introns and exons from each chromosome, is there any site where I can download only the exons or the introns of each chromosome? (protocol-online.org)
- how do I find the introns and exons? (protocol-online.org)
- I have clicked on just about everything there is to click on, but I can't come up with the introns and exons in NCBI. (protocol-online.org)
Intron18
- It is a process through which two or more exons from different genes can be brought together ectopically , or the same exon can be duplicated, to create a new exon-intron structure. (wikipedia.org)
- What is clear now is that the eukaryotic exon-intron structure is not static, introns are continually inserted and removed from genes and the evolution of introns evolves parallel to exon shuffling. (wikipedia.org)
- Is there any way of finding out where the intron/exon (exon-exon) boundaries are in a cDNA sequence? (bio.net)
- Exon trapping or 'gene trapping' is a molecular biology technique that exploits the existence of the intron-exon splicing to find new genes. (wikipedia.org)
- Dear fly people: I have been trying to find some references about the cases in Drosophila in which one gene's coding sequence (exon) resides in another gene's intron region. (bio.net)
- Intron and exon classes. (wikipedia.org)
- I don't know why they think that the 1st intron comes before the 1st exon. (studentdoctor.net)
- Sinon cet intron non episs va provoquer l'arret de la traduction (a moins qu'il soit en phase? (futura-sciences.com)
- A very large number of intron/exon junctions have been determined -- a single issue of Genomics alone contains many dozens of new ones. (mad-cow.org)
- Specialized online software has been developed to detect valid exon-intron boundaries: human exon 2 is affirmed by caomparisons and these methods. (mad-cow.org)
- B. Draw a picture of YFG's most likely intron/exon organization. (biology-online.org)
- I have also attached a picture of how I would draw YFG's intron/exon organization. (biology-online.org)
- The gene is transcribed from left (5′) to right (3′) beginning at the promoter (P). The long primary RNA transcript contains both intron and exon sequences. (blogspot.com)
- The cell must cleave the primary transcript at each end of the intron while holding on to the flanking exons so the chopped RNA transcript does not come apart. (blogspot.com)
- This results in cleavage of the 3′ intron/exon junction and joining of the 5′ exon to the 3′ exon. (blogspot.com)
- 14 /note='intron III (1.1 kb)' exon 15. (davidson.edu)
- 144 /note='calcium-binding protein (exon 4) (aa 62-105) (15 is 2nd base in codon) (144 is 2nd base in codon)' /usedin=X03287:cbin_cds intron 145. (davidson.edu)
- Using intron-based exon-specific primers, we amplified exons 23-32 from genomic DNAs, screened these fragments by single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis, and sequenced indicated exons. (osti.gov)
Genes20
- Exon shuffling is a molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. (wikipedia.org)
- Just as the entire set of genes for a species constitutes the genome, the entire set of exons constitutes the exome. (wikipedia.org)
- Across all eukaryotic genes in GenBank, there were (in 2002), on average, 5.48 exons per gene. (wikipedia.org)
- In protein-coding genes, the exons include both the protein-coding sequence and the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTR). (wikipedia.org)
- Often the first exon includes both the 5′-UTR and the first part of the coding sequence, but exons containing only regions of 5′-UTR or (more rarely) 3′-UTR occur in some genes, i.e. the UTRs may contain introns. (wikipedia.org)
- Next generation" sequencing techniques allow for more detailed analysis of exons and introns in multiple genes at the same time. (springer.com)
- To functionally test these a lot can be achieved with a limited set of protocols, while for the intentional induction of exon skipping different tools and target genes are involved and the translational path from in vitro splicing to in vivo tests in animal models requiring a more extensive set of protocols. (springer.com)
- To determine whether large ectodomain exons are a general feature of protocadherin genes we have investigated the genomic organization of several additional human protocadherin genes by using DNA sequence information in GenBank. (pnas.org)
- We conclude that the presence of unusually large exons is a characteristic feature of protocadherin genes. (pnas.org)
- Moreover, phenotypes seen in genetic knockout animals may be the result of not only the lack of expression of the deleted gene but also alterations in the expression of genes that are regulated by enhancers in the deleted exons. (sciencemag.org)
- It has been demonstrated in the past that identification of the period-3 regions helps in predicting the gene locations, and in fact allows the prediction of specific exons within the genes of eucaryotic cells. (psu.edu)
- In higher organisms, most genes consist of several disconnected regions (exons), which are combined in various ways to produce several different gene transcripts from the same gene. (pnas.org)
- We identified a core set of 3,800 exons from 1,643 genes that show conservation of strongly tissue-dependent usage patterns from human at least to macaque. (pnas.org)
- Alternative exon usage has been observed to affect most multiexon genes in mammals ( 1 ⇓ - 3 ). (pnas.org)
- In short in eukaryotic genes, during mRNA synthesis not all exons are going to the final mRNA, but a selection of them. (biology-online.org)
- On the basis of this result, the authors went on to use publicly available gene expression and population sequencing data to identify a total of 3955 "brain-critical" exons from 1744 genes that are highly expressed in brain and have a low mutation burden in control individuals but do not show the same pattern in other tissues. (sciencemag.org)
- They found an enrichment of brain-critical exons in genes associated with ASD risk, genes encoding fragile-X mental retardation protein targets, and genes encoding components of the postsynaptic proteome. (sciencemag.org)
- Notably, the associations were stronger for specific exons than for whole genes, which may be related to brain-specific isoforms. (sciencemag.org)
- Genes contain exons which are regions coding for proteins and which are interrupted by the unused sequences called introns . (biology-online.org)
- Our data demonstrates that splicing error frequencies are not altered by age in peripheral blood cells or in vitro aged fibroblasts in the tested exons of the four investigated genes, indicating a high importance of correct splicing in these proliferating aged cells. (mdpi.com)
James Exon2
- John James Exon , J. James Exon, Jim Exon (ur. (wikipedia.org)
- Although not finalized, the measure -- whose main sponsors are Democratic Sen. James Exon of Nebraska and Republican Rep. Henry Hyde of Illinois -- likely will win approval in Congress and the White House, said Bob Smith, director of the Interactive Services Association, which opposes the measure. (washingtontechnology.com)
Mutations18
- Exonization is the creation of a new exon, as a result of mutations in introns. (wikipedia.org)
- This will reveal many mutations that potentially lead to exon skipping. (springer.com)
- Exon Skipping: Methods and Protocols provides scientist with a comprehensive guide to many of the methods and techniques used for exon skipping, such as methods on how to discriminate "real polymorphisms" from mutations that affect splicing. (springer.com)
- Mutations in all five exons of SOD-1 may cause ALS. (nih.gov)
- Over 60 point mutations have now been described in all five exons of SOD-1, involving 43 of the 153 residues. (nih.gov)
- We now need to address the impact of mutations that affect the splicing process, as their consequences could vary from the activation of cryptic signals to the skipping of one or multiple exons. (nih.gov)
- Despite the major developments of the bioinformatics field coupled to experimental data generated on splicing, it is today still not possible to efficiently predict the consequences of mutations impacting splicing signals, especially to predict if they will lead to exon skipping or to cryptic splice site activation. (nih.gov)
- NPM exon 12 mutations are AML-specific since they are not detected in normal cells or other neoplasms. (questdiagnostics.com)
- The mystery of exon 2 is why the sequence is so conserved when the uses of it seem minor if not obscure: how can exon 2 be so important that accepted point mutations are rare when the ORF itself can be knocked out without dramatic consequences? (mad-cow.org)
- Rare mutations or de novo mutations in critical exons should be scrutinized further. (sciencemag.org)
- Select brain-expressed exons may be targets for disease-causing mutations in autism. (sciencemag.org)
- Exon skipping by ASOs is gaining traction as a therapeutic strategy, and the use of ASOs is now being applied to bypass mutations and generate modified but functional proteins for an array of genetic disorders. (jci.org)
- This strategy would treat laminopathies due to mutations in exon 11 and 12. (jci.org)
- Aartsma-Rus A, Fokkema I, Verschuuren J, Ginjaar I, van Deutekom J, van Ommen GJ: Theoretic applicability of antisense-mediated exon skipping for Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutations. (springer.com)
- The condition is the result of mutations in FBN1, a large gene composed of 65 exons encoding the fibrillin-1 protein. (osti.gov)
- While mutations causing classic manifestations of Marfan syndrome have been identified throughout the FBN1 gene, the six previously characterized mutations resulting in the severe, perinatal lethal form of Marfan syndrome have clustered in exons 24-32 of the gene. (osti.gov)
- This analysis documented mutations in exons 25-27 of the FBN1 mutations in 6 of these patients. (osti.gov)
- These results, taken together with previously published FBN1 mutations in this region, further define the phenotype associated with mutations in exons 24-32 of the FBN1 gene, information important for the development of possible diagnostic tests and genetic counseling. (osti.gov)
Sequences11
- It was noted that recombination within introns could help assort exons independently and that repetitive segments in the middle of introns could create hotspots for recombination to shuffle the exonic sequences. (wikipedia.org)
- I did an inner join on genomic sequences to join the expression data with the exons and sorted them from most expressed to least. (mail-archive.com)
- Exons can include both sequences that code for amino acids (red) and untranslated sequences (grey). (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast, exons are the sequences within a gene which do get expressed and translated into protein. (madsci.org)
- In this paper, we present Exon, a user-friendly solution containing tools for online analysis of DNA sequences through compression based profiles. (springer.com)
- One of these cDNA sequences has three out of four exons plus additional nucleotide sequence at the 3' end of the cDNA. (biology-online.org)
- and five other exons encode nonrepeated sequences that are shared only with the EGF precursor. (sciencemag.org)
- More importantly, the introns are spliced out and the exon sequences are fused to form the mature mRNA. (blogspot.com)
- Exons have been found to include both sequences coding for amino acids and untranslated sequences. (biology-online.org)
- The base sequences that appear in eukaryotic DNA and are used to make mRNA for a specific protein are the exons of a gene. (biology-online.org)
- Exon arrays provide the most comprehensive coverage of the genome, including empirically supported and predicted transcribed sequences, enabling the discovery of previously unidentified novel events. (thermofisher.com)
MRNA20
- Mature mRNAs originating from the same gene need not include the same exons, since different introns in the pre-mRNA can be removed by the process of alternative splicing. (wikipedia.org)
- Splicing can be experimentally modified so that targeted exons are excluded from mature mRNA transcripts by blocking the access of splice-directing small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) to pre-mRNA using Morpholino antisense oligos. (wikipedia.org)
- A gff3 file contains features of gene, mRNA, exon and CDS. (mail-archive.com)
- Exons in a messenger RNA precursor (pre-mRNA). (wikipedia.org)
- Introns - those parts of the pre-mRNA that are not in the mRNA - (blue) are removed, and the exons are joined together (spliced) to form the final functional mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
- The second exon is transcriptionally expressed in most species, yet human mRNA reflects only exon 1 and exon 3, suggesting to earlier workers that the gene had a different structure. (mad-cow.org)
- The question then arises, is human exon 2 cryptic [present but spliced out of mRNA] or is it only expressed in certain rare cell types or tissues or stages of development or at undetectable levels? (mad-cow.org)
- Hamsters were also once thought to have no exon 2, much less expression, but later it emerged that splice type 1-3 swamped 1-2-3 mRNA unless astrocytes expressing it were present at high levels. (mad-cow.org)
- Alternatively, exon 2 could have a cryptic function without appearing in mature mRNA. (mad-cow.org)
- The most common type of alternative splicing events in mammals results in cassette exons, where each such exon can be either included or excluded from the mature mRNA. (igi-global.com)
- Note that all the coding regions in the exons (hatched) are contiguous in the mature mRNA. (blogspot.com)
- The introns are removed and the exons are joined together to form the final functional mRNA . (biology-online.org)
- ASOs were designed to target exon 11 to shift the ratio of lamin A-encoding mRNA to lamin C-encoding mRNA. (jci.org)
- Thus, our primary findings are that CD33 is a microglial mRNA and that rs3865444 is a proxy SNP for rs12459419 that modulates CD33 exon 2 splicing. (jneurosci.org)
- In-frame nonsense codons located at a minimum distance upstream of the last exon-exon junction are recognized as premature termination codons (PTCs), targeting the mRNA for degradation. (nature.com)
- Studies and research have shown that the ability to skip certain exons in dystrophin pre-mRNA could circumvent these dystrophin gene errors and provide a potential treatment for DMD patients. (scienceblog.com)
- The paper "Prevention of Dystrophic Pathology in Severely Affected Dystrophin/Utrophin-deficient Mice by Morpholino-oligomer-mediated Exon-skipping" details the successful exon skipping and treatment of utrophin/dystrophin double knockout (dKO) mice with a cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMO) targeting exon 23 in dystrophin pre-mRNA. (scienceblog.com)
- Skipping of exon 23 restored the reading frame of dystrophin mRNA and led to widespread continued translation of dystrophin protein. (scienceblog.com)
- This first generation PMO drug candidate is designed to skip exon 51 of the dystrophin gene, allowing for restoration of the reading frame in the dystrophin mRNA sequence. (scienceblog.com)
- Exon skipping aims to convert out-of-frame mRNA to in-frame mRNA and induce the production of internally-deleted dystrophin as seen in the less severe Becker muscular dystrophy. (mdpi.com)
Dystrophin7
- Disruption of the splicing enhancer sequence within exon 27 of the dystrophin gene by a nonsense mutation induces partial skipping of the exon and is responsible for Becker muscular dystrophy. (nature.com)
- Oxford, United Kingdom & Bothell, WA, USA - October 20, 2009 - An exon skipping PPMO has demonstrated dramatic effects in the prevention and treatment of severely affected, dystrophin and utrophin-deficient mice, preventing severe deterioration of the treated animals and extending their lifespan. (scienceblog.com)
- Antisense-mediated exon-skipping represents one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of DMD because of its capacity to correct the reading frame and restore dystrophin expression," said Steve Wilton, Ph.D. Professor at the Center for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia and co-author of the study. (scienceblog.com)
- Exon skipping and dystrophin restoration was observed for each patient in muscle biopsies taken 4 weeks after the injection. (springer.com)
- Single cell multiplex PCR amplification of five dystrophin gene exons combined with gender determination. (biomedsearch.com)
- Another consideration is that only one muscle in the arm or shoulder was examined for dystrophin production and it isn't known if all of the muscles of the body will respond as well to exon skipping treatment. (mda.org.au)
- Importantly, this review highlights the potential of multiple exon skipping for enabling the production of functionally-corrected dystrophin and for treating symptomatic patients not only with out-of-frame deletions but also those with in-frame deletions. (mdpi.com)
Single exon3
- We have developed a tool for detecting single exon copy-number variations (CNVs) in targeted next-generation sequencing data: CoNVaDING (Copy Number Variation Detection In Next-generation sequencing Gene panels). (nih.gov)
- UB2 has a single exon coding for 123 amino acids matching the cDNA. (biology-online.org)
- This tool comprehensively detects single-exon deletions and duplications in a cost-effective manner and can be used to complement NGS mutation analysis with its reliable exon-level CNV detection. (mysanantonio.com)
Proteins5
- Exon shuffling was first introduced in 1978 when Walter Gilbert discovered that the existence of introns could play a major role in the evolution of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, exon shuffling became a major role in the construction of younger proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Moreover, to define more precisely the time when exon shuffling became significant in eukaryotes, the evolutionary distribution of modular proteins that evolved through this mechanism were examined in different organisms (i.e. (wikipedia.org)
- In eukaryotes , exons in a given gene are generally separated from each other by stretches of DNA that do not contain instructions for constructing proteins. (dictionary.com)
- The LDL receptor appears to be a mosaic protein built up of exons shared with different proteins, and it therefore belongs to several supergene families. (sciencemag.org)
Alternative Splicing5
- Neuronal Signaling through Alternative Splicing: Some Exons CaRRE. (sciencemag.org)
- Alternative splicing (AS) combines different transcript splice junctions that result in transcripts with shuffled exons, alternative 5 or 3 splicing sites, retained introns and different transcript termini. (futura-sciences.com)
- Alternative splicing, resulting in exon 123 or exon 13 splice products, has been demonstrated for hamster, mouse, rat, cow, and sheep -- in all species studied except human, which so far only shows exon 13 splicing. (mad-cow.org)
- In our research, we have used Affymetrix Exon Arrays to detect variation in alternative splicing, initiation of transcription, and polyadenylation among humans. (igi-global.com)
- With approximately four probes per exon and roughly 40 probes per gene, the GeneChipâ„¢ Mouse Exon 1.0 ST Array enables two complementary levels of analysis-gene expression and alternative splicing. (thermofisher.com)
Encode2
- An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. (wikipedia.org)
- Each of the clusters contains 15 or more large (at least 2,400 nt in length), tandemly linked exons that encode all six ectodomain repeats and the transmembrane domain. (pnas.org)
Isoforms3
- Here, we use our study to illustrate the use of Exon Arrays to detect alternative isoforms, to outline the analysis involved, and to point out potential problems that may be encountered by researchers using this technology. (igi-global.com)
- Analysis of CD33 isoforms identified a common isoform lacking exon 2 ( D2-CD33 ). (jneurosci.org)
- Multiple probes per exon enable "exon-level" analysis and allow you to distinguish between different isoforms of a gene. (thermofisher.com)
Uses antisense oligonucleotides1
- Exon skipping uses antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to alter transcript splicing for the purpose of rescuing or modulating protein expression. (jci.org)
Amino acids1
- The average exon encoded 30-36 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
Sequence7
- The term exon refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and to the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. (wikipedia.org)
- However, a region clearly related to exon 2 was identified in humans from its strong sequence homology to expressed exon 2 in other species. (mad-cow.org)
- Exon 2 is changing very slowly in evolutionary time, with 6 species averaging 85% identity to a common ancestral consensus sequence some 100 million years back. (mad-cow.org)
- Human exon 2 shows no sign of rapid change [loss of selective pressure]: the sequence changes orders of magnitude more slowly than [unselected] pseudogenes. (mad-cow.org)
- If exon 2 is splice-competent, how is the level of participation or tissue specificity built in to the sequence or secondary structure? (mad-cow.org)
- By analyzing NAS in BRCA1 , we show here that inappropriate exon skipping can be reproduced in vitro , and results from disruption of a splicing enhancer in the coding sequence. (nature.com)
- 1 About 10 percent of the exon probe sets have fewer than four probes due to the probe selection region length and sequence constraints. (thermofisher.com)
Gene Exon1
- LOCUS SPSPEC14 150 bp DNA INV 04-APR-1995 DEFINITION Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Spec1 gene exon 4 (for major calcium-binding protein). (davidson.edu)
Mouse exon2
- However, using human exon 123 as probe (or subsets thereof), nothing is found in these databases, though mouse exon 123 and mouse exon 13 yield solid returns. (mad-cow.org)
- The Agilent SurePrint G3 Mouse Exon Microarrays include probes targeting individual exons, making it possible to look beyond the gene to more subtle but relevant expression changes at the exon level. (agilent.com)
Arrays4
- Current exon-level arrays and NGS techniques for CNV detection are plagued with a high number of false-positive calls and are challenging from a cost perspective when verifying numerous exon aberrations with orthogonal methods. (mysanantonio.com)
- Alternative Isoform Detection Using Exon Arrays. (igi-global.com)
- bioconductor at r-project.org Oggetto: Re: [BioC] Probe-level analysis of exon arrays using xps Dear Giovanni, In principle you could do the background and normalization steps separately, e.g. (ethz.ch)
- As you guys know, there is a growing evidence showing that a probe-level analysis (as opposed to a probeset-level or a gene-level analysis) could be useful in analyzing Exon arrays. (ethz.ch)
Duchenne2
- The goal of this early research is to work toward developing a medicine for people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy amenable to exon 53 skipping. (parentprojectmd.org)
- It has the potential to treat around 13 percent of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy - those with a mutation in the vicinity of exon 51. (mda.org.au)
Antisense2
Transcripts from the same gene2
- Alternative usage of exons provides genomes with plasticity to produce different transcripts from the same gene, modulating the function, localization, and life cycle of gene products. (pnas.org)
- The second level is "gene-level" expression analysis, in which multiple probes on different exons are summarized into an expression value of all transcripts from the same gene. (thermofisher.com)
Detection5
- In this paper we concentrate on short initial exons and present a method to improve the detection of these short coding regions. (springer.com)
- Further, the WAM-CpG island approach can be employed to complement existing gene prediction packages to produce substantial improvements in the correct detection of short initial exons. (springer.com)
- Since this QC shows exactly which exons can be reliably analyzed and which exons are in need of an alternative analysis method, CoNVaDING is not only useful for CNV detection in a research setting, but also in clinical diagnostics. (nih.gov)
- Researchers at Children's National Medical Center and Greenwood Genetic Center utilize a new, research tool for exon-level CNV detection, the Applied Biosystemsâ„¢ CytoScanâ„¢ XON Suite. (mysanantonio.com)
- The test, a double nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the amplification of exons 8, 19, 45, 47 and 51 allows the detection of over 70% of all DMD deletions. (biomedsearch.com)
Methods2
- Authoritative and practical Exon Skipping: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the continuing study of exon skipping. (springer.com)
- The theory that exons are basic module s of protein structure that can be shuffled by evolution (much like artificial methods ). (everything2.com)
Functional5
- Absence of an exon-encoded enhancer, however, did have functional consequences. (sciencemag.org)
- In the literature, a considerable number of examples exist of functional diversity created by the alternative usage of exons (reviewed in ref. 7 ). (pnas.org)
- This gene is more than 45 kilobases in length and contains 18 exons, most of which correlate with functional domains previously defined at the protein level. (sciencemag.org)
- Because rs3865444 is in the CD33 promoter region, we sought the functional polymorphism by sequencing CD33 from the promoter through exon 4. (jneurosci.org)
- Minigene RNA splicing studies in BV2 microglial cells established that rs12459419 is a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that modulates exon 2 splicing efficiency. (jneurosci.org)
Cryptic8
- a) While some cryptic exons are common between cell types, many cryptic exons are unique to neurons (58), muscle (79) and stem cells [22]. (eurekalert.org)
- Of the common cryptic exons, several. (eurekalert.org)
- The Korea Brain Research Institute (President Kyung-jin Kim) announced on Wednesday February 8, 2017 that an international collaborative research team including Senior Researcher Yun Ha Jeong succeeded in discovering a phenomenon that cryptic exons that are related to Lou Gehrig's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) are highly variable depending on the cell types. (eurekalert.org)
- Scientists expect to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and other diseases once they find how Tdp-43 protein and cryptic exons* interact with each other depending on the cellular context. (eurekalert.org)
- Cryptic exons are regions of the genome that are normally skipped by the spliceosome due to the presence of adjacent UG microsatellite repeats, the consensus binding site of Tdp-43. (eurekalert.org)
- The collaborative research team confirmed that different kinds of cryptic exons were produced depending on the cell types such as muscle cells and neurons after an experiment using gene-manipulated mice that were prevented from expressing Tdp-43 protein in the desired cells. (eurekalert.org)
- Senior Researcher Yun Ha Jeong from the Korea Brain Research Institute said, "This study suggests that Tdp-43 proteinopathy and specific cryptic exons are involved in the process of degenerative brain and muscle disorders in a unique way. (eurekalert.org)
- Tdp-43 Cryptic Exons are Highly Variable between Cell Types," Molecular Neurodegeneration 2017. (eurekalert.org)
Nucleotide1
- A single-nucleotide exon has been reported from the Arabidopsis genome. (wikipedia.org)
Human genome3
- Hi folks, I'm trying to find over the entire human genome, for each gene, which exons are the most constitutively expressed. (mail-archive.com)
- For instance, in the human genome only 1.1% of the genome is spanned by exons, whereas 24% is in introns, with 75% of the genome being intergenic DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- While the longest exon in the human genome is 11555 bp long, several exons have been found to be only 2 bp long. (wikipedia.org)
Clusters4
- They did not span all the contained exon clusters, PSRs, and probesets. (affymetrix.com)
- By contrast, all of the encoded ectodomains of each member of the protocadherin gene clusters are present in one large exon. (pnas.org)
- Each of the large exons in the Pcdh α and γ gene clusters is independently spliced to the first exon encoding the intracellular domain in each gene cluster ( 13 ). (pnas.org)
- Highest resolution expression analysis, interrogating over 1 million exon clusters within the known and predicted transcribed regions of the entire genome. (thermofisher.com)
Transcript3
- These changes affect some of the transcript cluster and exon cluster IDs. (affymetrix.com)
- Corrected: There were some cases where the first exon of a transcript was incorrectly treated as a separate transcript. (affymetrix.com)
- This field is set with the transcript_cluster_id, not exon level probe set id. (affymetrix.com)
Genome4
- Such alternative exon usage is thought to contribute to the ability of organisms to generate different cell types and tissues from a single genome. (pnas.org)
- We address this question in a genome-wide manner by analyzing the transcriptomes of five tissues for six primate species, focusing on exons that are 1:1 orthologous in all six species. (pnas.org)
- Alternative usage of exons is correlated with organismal complexity, and it is thought that by enhancing proteome diversity, it is essential for the ability of a single genome to generate phenotypically diverse tissues ( 9 ). (pnas.org)
- This exon-level analysis on a whole-genome scale opens the door to detecting specific alterations in exon usage that may play a central role in disease mechanism and etiology. (thermofisher.com)
Workflow1
- galaxy-user] Constitutive exon workflow? (mail-archive.com)
Definition2
- We propose to rescue exon 20 skipping using an RNA- based approaches that use modified U1 snRNA, named Exon Specific U1snRNA (ExSpeU1), aimed at improving exon definition. (icgeb.org)
- LOCUS SUSMSP130A 1165 bp DNA INV 15-JUN-1993 DEFINITION S.purpuratus cell surface glycoprotein (msp130) gene, 5' flank and exon 1. (davidson.edu)
Downstream2
- The cytoplasmic domains of the Pcdh α and γ protocadherins are encoded by three small exons located downstream from the respective tandem array of exons encoding the extracellular domains. (pnas.org)
- The question is really convoluted, but it boils down to 'What is downstream of the 1st exon? (studentdoctor.net)
Junction1
- A similar question arises in exon 1b in sheep -- the splice junction seems unflawed but, unlike in cow, not utilized. (mad-cow.org)
Microarray2
- To do this, I'd like to combine expression data (RNA-seq or Microarray) and exons data (UCSC track). (mail-archive.com)
- I've started learning Galaxy and was able to import BED files for UCSC exons (as in the Galaxy 101 tutorial) and a BED file for Affy microarray expression data. (mail-archive.com)
Probe1
- The primers and probe are located in exon 1. (abcam.com)
Eukaryotes1
- Evolution of eukaryotes is mediated by sexual recombination of parental genomes and since introns are longer than exons most of the crossovers occur in noncoding regions. (wikipedia.org)
Splice site1
- In the next step, the spliceosome catalyzes the attack of the -OH group at the end of the 5′ exon on the 3′ splice site. (blogspot.com)
Motifs2
- There is no correlation between the exons and any protein domains or motifs. (blogspot.com)
- Figure 1: High-score SR protein motifs in BRCA1 exon 18. (nature.com)
Polymorphism3
- The issue is apparently why the donor 3' to exon 1 does not splice with the acceptor 5' of exon 2, which then forces the donor to splice with the acceptor 5' of exon 3 (a region where a polymorphism is found at the polypyrimidine boundary, G-21A ). (mad-cow.org)
- MBL2 exon 1 polymorphisms were analyzed individually and grouped as genotypes, considering "A" as the wild allele and "O" as the presence of at least one polymorphism ( D, B , or C variants). (frontiersin.org)
- We identified a single polymorphism that is coinherited with rs3865444, i.e., rs12459419 in exon 2. (jneurosci.org)
Codon2
- It turns out that there is also another gene on the complementary strand (gene X). The start codon of the disease gene lines up with the end of the first exon of gene X. Which part of gene X lines up with the mutation? (studentdoctor.net)
- Gersappe, A. & Pintel, D.J. A premature termination codon interferes with the nuclear function of an exon splicing enhancer in an open reading frame-dependent manner. (nature.com)
Phenotype2
- In vitro splicing of BRCA1 minigene transcripts reproduces the exon-skipping phenotype of a nonsense mutation. (nature.com)
- Here, we provide an update on DMD genotype-phenotype associations using a global DMD database and further provide the rationale for multiple exon skipping development, particularly for exons 45-55 skipping and an emerging therapeutic concept, exons 3-9 skipping. (mdpi.com)
Exonic1
- analyzed 25 mouse and human enhancer-associated ChIP-seq data sets in order to identify enhancer peaks that overlap exons and found regulatory transcription factor binding to exonic regions. (sciencemag.org)
Enhancer3
- In fact, in mice, roughly 7% of enhancer peaks overlapped coding exons. (sciencemag.org)
- Figure 3: Exon skipping correlates with the SF2/ASF enhancer motif score and not with reading frame disruption. (nature.com)
- A (E139K) PMM2 mutation in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type Ia disrupting a splicing enhancer resulting in exon 5 skipping. (nature.com)
Domesday2
- But, it will be seen, the 'tenuit' of Domesday is equated by the 'emit' of the Exon book. (dictionary.com)
- The Domesday Book is truncated from other records but only one collection of original material from the earlier stages of the great survey has survived: Exon Domesday. (winchester-cathedral.org.uk)
BioSystems1
- In this webinar, which is sponsored by Thermo Fisher Scientific - Applied Biosystems , participants will learn how a novel exon-level CNV assay can be used to overcome these challenges. (mysanantonio.com)
Molecular2
- Therefore, if human exon 2 is a molecular fossil without function , this must be a very recent development. (mad-cow.org)
- Whereas the IKBKAP size and its poorly known regulation complicates replacement gene therapy, the molecular defect renders FD an ideal target for strategies promoting exon 20 inclusion. (icgeb.org)
Variants1
- This includes whole transcriptome gene expression for almost 30 different species, Exon microarrays to analyze splicing variants and gene expression microarrays with comprehensive content, including full LNCipedia databases to provide full coverage of the transcriptome in a single experiment. (agilent.com)
Genomes2
- transposon mediated exon shuffling, crossover during sexual recombination of parental genomes and illegitimate recombination . (wikipedia.org)
- [1] There are different mechanisms through which exon shuffling occurs: transposon mediated exon shuffling, crossover during sexual recombination of parental genomes and illegitimate recombination. (wikipedia.org)
Missense1
- We generated a new mouse model (MMex38) carrying a missense mutation in exon 38 in analogy to a clinically relevant human DYSF variant (DYSF p.Leu1341Pro). (mdc-berlin.de)
Polymorphisms3
- Polymorphisms have been reported of human (relative to exon 3) and at -600 (relative to exon 1) but not pursued. (mad-cow.org)
- Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of MBL2 exon 1 polymorphisms (rs5030737, rs1800450, and rs1800451) on the MBL levels and leprosy immunopathogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
- In summary, our data suggest that MBL2 exon 1 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk to leprosy development and progression. (frontiersin.org)
General Surgeon1
- David Exon was appointed as Consultant Upper GI & General Surgeon in Leicester in 2010. (nuffieldhealth.com)
Expression5
- Then, for each gene, I'd like to pick the 1 or 2 exons with the highest levels of expression (my proxy for constitutiveness). (mail-archive.com)
- For example, let's say a gene has 3 exons and, with the expression data, all 3 exons are equally expressed. (mail-archive.com)
- That is, how do I get the top 2 exons per gene (highest expressing exons per gene) and, if there are more than 2 with equally high expression, how do I preferentially get the 5` exons? (mail-archive.com)
- Discover our large selection of Gene Expression & Exon Microarrays. (agilent.com)
- Agilent Exon Microarrays are the fast, simple, and cost-effective choice for exon expression analysis, with capabilities to drill down into important RNA changes at the exon level. (agilent.com)
Assay1
- Speakers will identify research cases that may benefit from an exon-level CNV assay. (mysanantonio.com)