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Exercise ToleranceExercise TestExercise TherapyExercisePhysical ExertionDrug ToleranceOxygen ConsumptionDyspneaPhysical EnduranceImmune ToleranceBreathing ExercisesHeart RatePulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveMuscle, SkeletalLung Diseases, ObstructiveHeart FailureRespiratory Function TestsPulmonary Gas ExchangeXamoterolAngina PectorisGlucose Tolerance TestDouble-Blind MethodForced Expiratory VolumeAnaerobic ThresholdRespiratory MusclesTime FactorsCross-Over StudiesQuality of LifeCounterpulsationTreatment OutcomeHemodynamicsWalkingRestBlood PressureRespirationCardiac OutputChronic DiseaseInspiratory CapacityHeart Function TestsMuscle StrengthStroke VolumeTransplantation ToleranceVital CapacityLactic AcidAdaptation, PhysiologicalOxygenSpirometryIsosorbide DinitrateOxygen Inhalation TherapyNeurocirculatory AstheniaElectrocardiographyMuscle FatigueEbstein AnomalyPropanolaminesLegPulmonary VentilationMetoprololAnalysis of VarianceProspective StudiesLungBronchitisFollow-Up StudiesBicyclingGlycogen Storage Disease Type VAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsVentricular Function, LeftEchocardiographyPhysical FitnessSingle-Blind MethodVentricular Dysfunction, LeftCardiac Output, LowDiastolePhysical Conditioning, AnimalBronchodilator AgentsEnergy MetabolismBlood GlucoseSeverity of Illness IndexRegional Blood FlowNitroglycerinResistance TrainingHypertension, PulmonaryFatigueIpratropiumHeartRunningBisoprololAdministration, OralCoronary DiseaseMuscle Stretching ExercisesNafronylEchocardiography, DopplerRespiratory MechanicsVasodilator AgentsSelf ToleranceArmClinical Trials as TopicLung Volume MeasurementsCardiovascular AgentsCardiac VolumePulmonary EmphysemaCarbon DioxideRecovery of FunctionPropranololCardiac Pacing, ArtificialHand StrengthQuestionnairesGlucose IntoleranceCardiomyopathy, DilatedRandom AllocationHeart VentriclesHeart DiseasesMyocardial ContractionElectrocardiography, AmbulatoryPhysical Education and TrainingGlycogenElectric Stimulation TherapyRegression AnalysisEthanolaminesSalt-ToleranceAsthma, Exercise-InducedCarbazolesDose-Response Relationship, DrugPacemaker, ArtificialAdrenergic beta-AgonistsPilot ProjectsPneumonectomyStatistics, NonparametricExercise Movement TechniquesDietary SupplementsMyocardial InfarctionPredictive Value of TestsDrug Administration ScheduleActivities of Daily LivingEnalaprilTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonWeight LiftingAcclimatizationAntihypertensive AgentsStress, PhysiologicalAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsPrognosisBody WeightMotor ActivityReproducibility of ResultsMyocardial IschemiaCoronary CirculationLinear ModelsCase-Control StudiesPlacebosDrug Therapy, CombinationMice, Inbred C57BLCardiac CatheterizationDroughtsVentricular RemodelingMuscle ContractionRisk FactorsInsulin ResistanceSportsCardiovascular Physiological PhenomenaAdministration, InhalationNatriuretic Peptide, BrainErgometryLung DiseasesGlucoseObesityCardiotonic AgentsQuadriceps MusclePeripheral ToleranceLactatesCross-Sectional StudiesMyocardiumDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2MorphineBody CompositionAgingSwimmingCoronary AngiographySweatingFatty Acids, NonesterifiedReference ValuesRetrospective StudiesCold TemperatureForearmCoronary Artery BypassSkin TransplantationDehydrationCohort StudiesDietary CarbohydratesBody TemperaturePulmonary ArteryPain MeasurementRisk Assessment
Exercise Tolerance: The exercise capacity of an individual as measured by endurance (maximal exercise duration and/or maximal attained work load) during an EXERCISE TEST.Exercise Test: Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.Exercise Therapy: A regimen or plan of physical activities designed and prescribed for specific therapeutic goals. Its purpose is to restore normal musculoskeletal function or to reduce pain caused by diseases or injuries.Exercise: Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.Physical Exertion: Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.Drug Tolerance: Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.Oxygen Consumption: The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing.Physical Endurance: The time span between the beginning of physical activity by an individual and the termination because of exhaustion.Immune Tolerance: The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.Breathing Exercises: Therapeutic exercises aimed to deepen inspiration or expiration or even to alter the rate and rhythm of respiration.Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive: A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Lung Diseases, Obstructive: Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.Heart Failure: A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Respiratory Function Tests: Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.Pulmonary Gas Exchange: The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.Angina Pectoris: The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.Glucose Tolerance Test: A test to determine the ability of an individual to maintain HOMEOSTASIS of BLOOD GLUCOSE. It includes measuring blood glucose levels in a fasting state, and at prescribed intervals before and after oral glucose intake (75 or 100 g) or intravenous infusion (0.5 g/kg).Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Forced Expiratory Volume: Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.Anaerobic Threshold: The oxygen consumption level above which aerobic energy production is supplemented by anaerobic mechanisms during exercise, resulting in a sustained increase in lactate concentration and metabolic acidosis. The anaerobic threshold is affected by factors that modify oxygen delivery to the tissues; it is low in patients with heart disease. Methods of measurement include direct measure of lactate concentration, direct measurement of bicarbonate concentration, and gas exchange measurements.Respiratory Muscles: These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Cross-Over Studies: Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.Counterpulsation: A technique for assisting the circulation by decreasing the afterload of the left ventricle and augmenting the diastolic pressure. It may be achieved by intra-aortic balloon, or by implanting a special pumping device in the chest, or externally by applying a negative pressure to the lower extremities during cardiac systole.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Walking: An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. This includes recreational walking, walking for fitness, and competitive race-walking.Rest: Freedom from activity.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Respiration: The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).Cardiac Output: The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Inspiratory Capacity: The maximum volume of air that can be inspired after reaching the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the TIDAL VOLUME and the INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is IC.Heart Function Tests: Examinations used to diagnose and treat heart conditions.Muscle Strength: The amount of force generated by MUSCLE CONTRACTION. Muscle strength can be measured during isometric, isotonic, or isokinetic contraction, either manually or using a device such as a MUSCLE STRENGTH DYNAMOMETER.Stroke Volume: The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). It is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.Transplantation Tolerance: An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response.Vital Capacity: The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Adaptation, Physiological: The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Spirometry: Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.Oxygen Inhalation Therapy: Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)Neurocirculatory Asthenia: A clinical syndrome characterized by palpitation, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, labored breathing, subjective complaints of effort and discomfort, all following slight PHYSICAL EXERTION. Other symptoms may be DIZZINESS, tremulousness, SWEATING, and INSOMNIA. Neurocirculatory asthenia is most typically seen as a form of anxiety disorder.Electrocardiography: Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.Muscle Fatigue: A state arrived at through prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. Studies in athletes during prolonged submaximal exercise have shown that muscle fatigue increases in almost direct proportion to the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Muscle fatigue in short-term maximal exercise is associated with oxygen lack and an increased level of blood and muscle lactic acid, and an accompanying increase in hydrogen-ion concentration in the exercised muscle.Ebstein Anomaly: A congenital heart defect characterized by downward or apical displacement of the TRICUSPID VALVE, usually with the septal and posterior leaflets being attached to the wall of the RIGHT VENTRICLE. It is characterized by a huge RIGHT ATRIUM and a small and less effective right ventricle.Propanolamines: AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the propanolamine (NH2CH2CHOHCH2) group and its derivatives.Leg: The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.Pulmonary Ventilation: The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Bronchitis: Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Bicycling: The use of a bicycle for transportation or recreation. It does not include the use of a bicycle in studying the body's response to physical exertion (BICYCLE ERGOMETRY TEST see EXERCISE TEST).Glycogen Storage Disease Type V: Glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterized by painful cramps following sustained exercise.Adrenergic beta-Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.Ventricular Function, Left: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left HEART VENTRICLE. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance.Echocardiography: Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.Physical Fitness: The ability to carry out daily tasks and perform physical activities in a highly functional state, often as a result of physical conditioning.Single-Blind Method: A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.Ventricular Dysfunction, Left: A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.Cardiac Output, Low: A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.Diastole: Post-systolic relaxation of the HEART, especially the HEART VENTRICLES.Physical Conditioning, Animal: Diet modification and physical exercise to improve the ability of animals to perform physical activities.Bronchodilator Agents: Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.Energy Metabolism: The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.Blood Glucose: Glucose in blood.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Regional Blood Flow: The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.Resistance Training: A type of strength-building exercise program that requires the body muscle to exert a force against some form of resistance, such as weight, stretch bands, water, or immovable objects. Resistance exercise is a combination of static and dynamic contractions involving shortening and lengthening of skeletal muscles.Hypertension, Pulmonary: Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.Fatigue: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.Ipratropium: A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.Heart: The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.Running: An activity in which the body is propelled by moving the legs rapidly. Running is performed at a moderate to rapid pace and should be differentiated from JOGGING, which is performed at a much slower pace.Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.Administration, Oral: The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.Coronary Disease: An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.Muscle Stretching Exercises: Exercises that stretch the muscle fibers with the aim to increase muscle-tendon FLEXIBILITY, improve RANGE OF MOTION or musculoskeletal function, and prevent injuries. There are various types of stretching techniques including active, passive (relaxed), static, dynamic (gentle), ballistic (forced), isometric, and others.Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.Echocardiography, Doppler: Measurement of intracardiac blood flow using an M-mode and/or two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiogram while simultaneously recording the spectrum of the audible Doppler signal (e.g., velocity, direction, amplitude, intensity, timing) reflected from the moving column of red blood cells.Respiratory Mechanics: The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.Vasodilator Agents: Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.Self Tolerance: The normal lack of the ability to produce an immunological response to autologous (self) antigens. A breakdown of self tolerance leads to autoimmune diseases. The ability to recognize the difference between self and non-self is the prime function of the immune system.Arm: The superior part of the upper extremity between the SHOULDER and the ELBOW.Clinical Trials as Topic: Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.Lung Volume Measurements: Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.Cardiac Volume: The volume of the HEART, usually relating to the volume of BLOOD contained within it at various periods of the cardiac cycle. The amount of blood ejected from a ventricle at each beat is STROKE VOLUME.Pulmonary Emphysema: Enlargement of air spaces distal to the TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES where gas-exchange normally takes place. This is usually due to destruction of the alveolar wall. Pulmonary emphysema can be classified by the location and distribution of the lesions.Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.Recovery of Function: A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.Cardiac Pacing, Artificial: Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.Hand Strength: Force exerted when gripping or grasping.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Glucose Intolerance: A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.Cardiomyopathy, Dilated: A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.Random Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Heart Ventricles: The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.Heart Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.Myocardial Contraction: Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.Electrocardiography, Ambulatory: Method in which prolonged electrocardiographic recordings are made on a portable tape recorder (Holter-type system) or solid-state device ("real-time" system), while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It is useful in the diagnosis and management of intermittent cardiac arrhythmias and transient myocardial ischemia.Physical Education and Training: Instructional programs in the care and development of the body, often in schools. The concept does not include prescribed exercises, which is EXERCISE THERAPY.GlycogenElectric Stimulation Therapy: Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Ethanolamines: AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.Salt-Tolerance: The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to high concentrations of salt in their growth environment.Asthma, Exercise-Induced: Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).Carbazoles: Benzo-indoles similar to CARBOLINES which are pyrido-indoles. In plants, carbazoles are derived from indole and form some of the INDOLE ALKALOIDS.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Pacemaker, Artificial: A device designed to stimulate, by electric impulses, contraction of the heart muscles. It may be temporary (external) or permanent (internal or internal-external).Adrenergic beta-Agonists: Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.Pilot Projects: Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.Pneumonectomy: The excision of lung tissue including partial or total lung lobectomy.Statistics, Nonparametric: A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)Exercise Movement Techniques: Methods or programs of physical activities which can be used to promote, maintain, or restore the physical and physiological well-being of an individual.Dietary Supplements: Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.Myocardial Infarction: NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Drug Administration Schedule: Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.Activities of Daily Living: The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, or eating.Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon: A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.Weight Lifting: A sport in which weights are lifted competitively or as an exercise.Acclimatization: Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.Antihypertensive Agents: Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.Stress, Physiological: The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Motor Activity: The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Myocardial Ischemia: A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).Coronary Circulation: The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.Linear Models: Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Placebos: Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.Drug Therapy, Combination: Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.Mice, Inbred C57BLCardiac Catheterization: Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.Droughts: Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.Ventricular Remodeling: The geometric and structural changes that the HEART VENTRICLES undergo, usually following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. It comprises expansion of the infarct and dilatation of the healthy ventricle segments. While most prevalent in the left ventricle, it can also occur in the right ventricle.Muscle Contraction: A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.Sports: Activities or games, usually involving physical effort or skill. Reasons for engagement in sports include pleasure, competition, and/or financial reward.Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena: Processes and properties of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.Administration, Inhalation: The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.Ergometry: Any method of measuring the amount of work done by an organism, usually during PHYSICAL EXERTION. Ergometry also includes measures of power. Some instruments used in these determinations include the hand crank and the bicycle ergometer.Lung Diseases: Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.Glucose: A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Cardiotonic Agents: Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).Quadriceps Muscle: The quadriceps femoris. A collective name of the four-headed skeletal muscle of the thigh, comprised of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.Peripheral Tolerance: The mechanism, in peripheral lymphoid organs (LYMPH NODES; SPLEEN; TONSILS; and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue), that prevents mature lymphocytes from reacting to SELF-ANTIGENS. This is accomplished through a variety of means including CLONAL ANERGY and CLONAL DELETION.Lactates: Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.Morphine: The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.Body Composition: The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Swimming: An activity in which the body is propelled through water by specific movement of the arms and/or the legs. Swimming as propulsion through water by the movement of limbs, tail, or fins of animals is often studied as a form of PHYSICAL EXERTION or endurance.Coronary Angiography: Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.Sweating: The process of exocrine secretion of the SWEAT GLANDS, including the aqueous sweat from the ECCRINE GLANDS and the complex viscous fluids of the APOCRINE GLANDS.Fatty Acids, Nonesterified: FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Cold Temperature: An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.Forearm: Part of the arm in humans and primates extending from the ELBOW to the WRIST.Coronary Artery Bypass: Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.Skin Transplantation: The grafting of skin in humans or animals from one site to another to replace a lost portion of the body surface skin.Dehydration: The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Dietary Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277)Body Temperature: The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.Pulmonary Artery: The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.Pain Measurement: Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Echo derived variables predicting exercise tolerance in patients with dilated and poorly functioning left ventricle. (1/1872)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether resting echo derived measurements predict exercise tolerance and its interrelation with heart rate response and ventilation drive in patients with systolic left ventricular disease. DESIGN: Prospective echocardiographic examination followed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. SETTING: A tertiary referral centre for cardiac diseases. SUBJECTS: 21 patients (11 with coronary artery disease, 10 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy) with end diastolic dimension > 6.4 cm, shortening fraction < 25%, and in sinus rhythm. There were 11 age matched normal controls. RESULTS: In the patients, peak oxygen consumption (mVo2) correlated with right ventricular long axis excursion (r = 0.62); 65% of the variance in mVo2 was predictable using a multivariate model with right ventricular long axis excursion and peak lengthening rate, and peak mitral atrial filling velocity as independent variables. Aetiology was not an independent predictor, although the right ventricular long axis excursion (mean (SD)) was greater in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy than in those with coronary artery disease (2.4 (0.5) cm v 1.6 (0.5) cm, p < 0.001). Peak heart rate correlated with duration of mitral regurgitation (r = -0.52) and the slope of ventilation against CO2 production correlated with M mode isovolumic relaxation time (r = 0.61). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction, more than half the variance in exercise tolerance can be predicted by factors measured on echocardiography at rest, particularly right ventricular long axis excursion.  (+info)

Cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake in patients with moderate chronic heart failure: relationship with peak oxygen uptake and prognosis. (2/1872)

OBJECTIVES: This prospective study was undertaken to correlate early and late metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac uptake with cardiac hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure and to compare their prognostic values with that of peak oxygen uptake (VO2). BACKGROUND: The cardiac fixation of MIBG reflects presynaptic uptake and is reduced in heart failure. Whether it is related to exercise capacity and has better prognostic value than peak VO2 is unknown. METHODS: Ninety-three patients with heart failure (ejection fraction <45%) were studied with planar MIBG imaging, cardiopulmonary exercise tests and hemodynamics (n = 44). Early (20 min) and late (4 h) MIBG acquisition, as well as their ratio (washout, WO) were determined. Prognostic value was assessed by survival curves (Kaplan-Meier method) and uni- and multivariate Cox analyses. RESULTS: Late cardiac MIBG uptake was reduced (131+/-20%, normal values 192+/-42%) and correlated with ejection fraction (r = 0.49), cardiac index (r = 0.40) and pulmonary wedge pressure (r = -0.35). There was a significant correlation between peak VO2 and MIBG uptake (r = 0.41, p < 0.0001). With a mean follow-up of 10+/-8 months, both late MIBG uptake (p = 0.04) and peak VO2 (p < 0.0001) were predictive of death or heart transplantation, but only peak VO2 emerged by multivariate analysis. Neither early MIBG uptake nor WO yielded significant insights beyond those provided by late MIBG uptake. CONCLUSIONS: Metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake has prognostic value in patients with wide ranges of heart failure, but peak VO2 remains the most powerful prognostic index.  (+info)

Diagnostic utility of metabolic exercise testing in a patient with cardiovascular disease. (3/1872)

Disproportionate exercise limitation in patients with cardiovascular disease is a common problem faced by clinical cardiologists and other physicians. Symptoms may be attributed to psychological factors or hypothetical pathophysiological mechanisms that are difficult to confirm clinically. This case report describes how the use of metabolic exercise testing in a 28 year old woman with morphologically and haemodynamically mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe exercise limitation led to the diagnosis of an alternative cause for the patient's symptoms, namely a primary disturbance of the mitochondrial respiratory chain probably caused by a nuclear encoded gene defect.  (+info)

Effect of thoracotomy and lung resection on exercise capacity in patients with lung cancer. (4/1872)

BACKGROUND: Resection is the treatment of choice for lung cancer, but may cause impaired cardiopulmonary function with an adverse effect on quality of life. Few studies have considered the effects of thoracotomy alone on lung function, and whether the operation itself can impair subsequent exercise capacity. METHODS: Patients being considered for lung resection (n = 106) underwent full static and dynamic pulmonary function testing which was repeated 3-6 months after surgery (n = 53). RESULTS: Thoracotomy alone (n = 13) produced a reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1; mean (SE) 2.10 (0.16) versus 1.87 (0.15) l; p<0.05). Wedge resection (n = 13) produced a non-significant reduction in total lung capacity (TLC) only. Lobectomy (n = 14) reduced forced vital capacity (FVC), TLC, and carbon monoxide transfer factor but exercise capacity was unchanged. Only pneumonectomy (n = 13) reduced exercise capacity by 28% (PVO2 23.9 (1.5) versus 17.2 (1.7) ml/min/kg; difference (95% CI) 6.72 (3.15 to 10.28); p<0.01) and three patients changed from a cardiac limitation to exercise before pneumonectomy to pulmonary limitation afterwards. CONCLUSIONS: Neither thoracotomy alone nor limited lung resection has a significant effect on exercise capacity. Only pneumonectomy is associated with impaired exercise performance, and then perhaps not as much as might be expected.  (+info)

Validity of a modified shuttle test in adult cystic fibrosis. (5/1872)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to provide some evidence of the validity of a modified shuttle test (MST) by comparing performance on the MST with peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) measured during a treadmill test in a group of adult patients with cystic fibrosis. METHOD: Twenty patients with stable cystic fibrosis performed a ramped maximal treadmill test (STEEP protocol) and the MST using a randomised balanced design. RESULTS: The relationship between the distance achieved on the MST and VO2peak was strong (r = 0.95, p<0.01) with 90% of the variance in VO2peak explained by the variance in MST distance. The relationship was represented by the regression equation (with 95% confidence intervals) VO2peak = 6.83 (2.85 to 10.80) + 0.028 (0.019 to 0.024) x MST distance. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of the construct validity of the MST as an objective measure of exercise capacity in adults with cystic fibrosis.  (+info)

Effects of L-arginine on lower limb vasodilator reserve and exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. (6/1872)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the reactive hyperaemic response of the lower limb increases with improved exercise capacity after acute supplementation with L-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide, in patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS: 19 patients with chronic heart failure were enrolled in the study. Rest calf blood flow and femoral occlusion induced calf blood flow changes were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography before and after intravenous infusion of 10% L-arginine solution (5 ml/kg for 30 minutes) or placebo. Postexercise calf blood flow was also measured after the experimental infusion. During both postinfusion periods, several exercise capacity indices were determined by a symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise test using a bicycle ergometer. RESULTS: Baseline calf blood flow, systemic blood pressure, and heart rate showed no significant changes in either of the two experimental conditions. However, the occlusion induced blood flow response was significantly enhanced by L-arginine infusion (mean (SEM) peak flow, 19.6 (1.5) v 28.9 (3.1) ml/min/dl calf tissue; p < 0.01), but not by placebo (peak flow, 19.1 (1.4) v 20.9 (1.8) ml/min/dl calf tissue; NS). Calf blood flow response after exercise was also higher after L-arginine infusion than after placebo (peak flow, 4.8 (0.4) v 6.0 (0.8) ml/min/dl calf tissue; p < 0.05). L-arginine infusion had no significant effect compared with placebo on exercise capacity indices such as peak oxygen uptake (17.1 (1.0) v 15.8 (1.1) ml/min/kg; NS), anaerobic threshold (10.5 (0.6) v 10.4 (0.7) ml/min/kg; NS), and exercise time (296 (23) v 283 (22) s; NS). CONCLUSIONS: Acute supplementation with the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine increased lower limb reactive hyperaemia but did not lead to any significant improvement in exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure.  (+info)

Ventricular dilatation in the absence of ACE inhibitors: influence of haemodynamic and neurohormonal variables following myocardial infarction. (7/1872)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between patterns of ventricular remodelling and haemodynamic and neurohormonal variables, at rest and during symptom limited exercise, in the year following acute myocardial infarction in patients not receiving angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. PATIENTS: 65 patients recruited following hospital admission with a transmural anterior myocardial infarction. METHODS: Central haemodynamics and neurohormonal activation at rest and during symptom limited treadmill exercise were measured at baseline before hospital discharge, one month later, and at three monthly intervals thereafter. PATIENTS were classified according to individual patterns of change in left ventricular end diastolic volumes at rest, assessed at each visit using transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: In most patients (n = 43, 66%) ventricular volumes were unchanged or reduced. Mean (SEM) treadmill exercise capacity and peak exercise cardiac index increased at month 12 by 200 (24) seconds (p < 0.001 v baseline) and by 0.8 (0.4) l/min/m2 (p<0.05 v baseline), respectively, in this group. In patients with limited ventricular dilatation (n = 11, 17%) exercise capacity increased by 259 (52) seconds (p < 0.001 v baseline) and peak exercise cardiac index improved by 0.8 (0.7) l/min/m2 (NS). In the remaining 11 patients with progressive left ventricular dilatation, exercise capacity increased by 308 (53) seconds (p< 0. 001 v baseline) and peak exercise cardiac index similarly improved by 1.3 (0.7) l/min/m2 (NS). There were trends towards increased atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) secretion at rest and at peak exercise in this group. CONCLUSIONS: Ventricular dilatation after acute myocardial infarction is a heterogeneous process that is progressive in only a minority of patients. Compensatory mechanisms, including ANF release, appear capable of maintaining and improving exercise capacity in most patients for at least 12 months, even in those with a progressive increase in ventricular size.  (+info)

Physiological basis of improvement after lung volume reduction surgery for severe emphysema: where are we? (8/1872)

Lung volume reduction surgery has become an accepted therapeutic option to relieve the symptoms of selected patients with severe emphysema. In a majority of these patients, it causes objective as well as subjective functional improvement. A proper understanding of the physiological determinants underlying these beneficial effects appears very important in order to better select patients for the procedure that is currently largely carried out on an empirical basis. Lung volume reduction surgery has two distinct effects. Firstly, it causes an increased elastic recoil, which at least partially explains the enhanced maximal expiratory flow. Secondly, it is associated with a reduction of hyperinflation which allows for an increase in global inspiratory muscle strength and in diaphragmatic contribution to tidal volume as well as a decrease in the inspiratory elastic load imposed by the chest wall. Taken together, these effects result in a reduced work of breathing and in an enhanced maximal ventilation which both contribute to the increased exercise capacity and reduced dyspnoea after surgery. The improved lung recoil and the reduced hyperinflation after volume reduction surgery were the primary postulates upon which the usual selection criteria for the procedure were based. It is now likely that these are correct. Nevertheless, some patients do not benefit from lung volume reduction surgery and the current literature does not allow for a refinement of the selection process from a physiological point of view. The exact mechanisms underlying the improvement in lung recoil, lung mechanics, and respiratory muscle function remain incompletely understood. Moreover, the effects of lung volume reduction surgery on gas exchange and pulmonary haemodynamics still need to be more fully investigated. An analysis of the characteristics of patients who do not benefit from the procedure and the development of an animal model for lung volume reduction surgery would probably help address these important issues.  (+info)

Intermittent hypoxia increases exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease | MetaIntermittent hypoxia increases exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease | Meta
Intermittent hypoxia has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and improving oxygen delivery. Because the improvement of exercise tolerance reduces mortality in the elderly with and without coronary artery disease intermittent hypoxia might be a valuable preventive and therapeutic tool. However, controlled studies are lacking. Sixteen males (50-70 years, 8 with and 8 without prior myocardial infarction) were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive 15 sessions of passive intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia group) or normoxia (control group) within 3 weeks. For the hypoxia group each session consisted of three to five hypoxic (14-10% oxygen) periods (3-5 min) with 3-min normoxic intervals. Controls inhaled only normoxic air in the same way. Exercise tests were performed before and after the 3-week breathing program. After 3 weeks of intermittent hypoxia peak oxygen consumption had increased compared to normoxic conditions (+ 6.2% vs.-3%, p , 0.001). ...
Effects of a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker (tolamolol) on exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris |...Effects of a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker (tolamolol) on exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris |...
The effect of oral and intravenous tolamolol on exercise tolerance was assessed in 11 patients with angina pectoris. Patients were selected on the basis of an absence of placebo response and the reliable reproducibility of anginal pain and electrocardiographic changes with exercise on a constant load Schönander-Elema bicycle ergometer. The effect of tolamolol on exercise time and heart rate was compared with that of propranolol. Tolamolol was shown to increase exercise tolerance and the effect was comparable to that of propranolol. Tolamolol did not produce a significant increase in airways resistance nor were any untoward side effects noted.. ...
Exercise tolerance and alcohol intake. Blood pressure relation. | HypertensionExercise tolerance and alcohol intake. Blood pressure relation. | Hypertension
The relations of systolic and diastolic blood pressures to alcohol intake and exercise tolerance levels in 15,612 men and 3,855 women were investigated. Alcohol intake was assessed by questionnaire and stratified into seven levels for men and six for women according to the ounces of ethanol consumed per week. Exercise tolerance was determined by maximal treadmill exercise testing and was categorized into six age-specific by sex-specific levels. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly related to both alcohol intake and exercise tolerance levels in both men and women. These relations, which were positive for alcohol and negative for exercise tolerance, remained after covariance adjustment for age, body mass index, and cigarette smoking. Alcohol intake was not significantly correlated with exercise tolerance. The relation of blood pressure to alcohol was not linear because the blood pressure of moderate consumers of alcohol tended to be slightly lower than that of nondrinkers. ...
Effect of attitudes and beliefs on exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis. | The BMJEffect of attitudes and beliefs on exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis. | The BMJ
In 50 patients with chronic bronchitis the relation was assessed between exercise tolerance and pulmonary function and psychological factors, including subjective perception of exertion, mood, general psychiatric disturbance, and the attitudes and beliefs held by patients concerning themselves, their illness, and its treatment. Ventilatory capacity was significantly correlated with but a poor predictor of exercise tolerance. Subjective perception of exertion was most closely correlated with exercise tolerance. The distance walked in a 12-minute exercise test was significantly correlated with measurements of mood and with several attitudes and beliefs. Attitudes and beliefs greatly outweighed measurements of mood and ventilatory capacity as components in a multiple regression predicting distance walked in 12 minutes. This method of psychological assessment emphasises the importance of attitudes and beliefs in respiratory disability and may have useful applications in rehabilitation in other ...
Blood Flow and Vascular Function in Cystic Fibrosis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govBlood Flow and Vascular Function in Cystic Fibrosis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The most disturbing aspect of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the associated premature death. Low exercise capacity predicts death in patients with CF and is also associated with a steeper decline in lung function and more lung infections. A critical barrier to improving exercise tolerance in patients with CF is the investigators lack of knowledge regarding the different physiological mechanisms which contribute to their lower exercise capacity. We have compelling data to indicate that the blood vessels may contribute to the low exercise capacity in CF. The impact of this proof of concept investigation will test Phosphodiesterase Type 5 inhibitors (PDE5) inhibitors as a potential therapy in CF and will explore blood flow and endothelial function as potential mechanisms which contribute to exercise intolerance in CF. Improvements in exercise capacity will not only contribute to a better quality of live for patients with CF, it will also increase longevity in these patients ...
Abstract 12286: Electrical Muscle Stimulation Improves Neurovascular Control and Exercise Tolerance in Hospitalised Advanced...Abstract 12286: Electrical Muscle Stimulation Improves Neurovascular Control and Exercise Tolerance in Hospitalised Advanced...
Introduction: Advanced heart failure (HF) patients may stay for a long period of time in the hospital for the treatment of HF and prolonged inactivity causes complications that result in worsening of exercise tolerance. On the other hand, there is evidence that treatment with muscle low-frequency electrical stimulation (FES) provides important benefits for HF patients. This study investigated the effects of FES on neurovascular control and exercise tolerance in HF hospitalized patients.. Methods and results: Thirty hospitalized patients for treatment of decompensated HF, functional class IV NYHA and ejection fraction ≤ 30% were consecutively randomised into two groups: 1) FES(n= 15; 54±2 years) and control(n= 15; 49±2 years). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was directly recorded via microneurography and blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography. Heart rate and blood pressure were evaluated on a beat-to-beat basis (Finometer). Exercise tolerance by six-minute walk test, ...
ISRCTN - ISRCTN55846300: Feasibility of high intensity interval training in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes for patients...ISRCTN - ISRCTN55846300: Feasibility of high intensity interval training in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes for patients...
All participants will receive a personalised programme of exercise during the pulmonary rehabilitation session and a home-based programme designed according to their individual needs. We expect that all patients will experience improvement in exercise capacity and breathlessness regardless of the group they belong to. If the intervention (HIIT) is successful, the active group is likely to experience additional benefits. All patients will benefit from the educational sessions that are part of the pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Another benefit for patients is that they will be able to express their views about their programme and care and will be encouraged to set goals to improve their quality of life. Again, this benefit is independent of the group the patients will belong to. There are no major anticipated risks from the programme and all assessments are non-invasive. Both groups, active and control, will receive the standard treatment (pulmonary rehabilitation). Both types of training ...
Exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory adjustments at peak work capacity in cystic fibrosisExercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory adjustments at peak work capacity in cystic fibrosis
Exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory adjustments at peak work capacity (PWC) were determined in 20 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) during progressive cycle ergometry. The results were related to resting lung function tests, expressed by a pulmonary function score (PFS) that ranged from 0 (no …
Effects of MCT supplementation on exercise tolerance in patients with by Annie Behrend"Effects of MCT supplementation on exercise tolerance in patients with " by Annie Behrend
Background: Inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibit the ability to oxidize long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) for energy generation. As a result, bouts of exercise can lead to rhabdomyolysis, impaired cardiac function and, hence, exercise avoidance in these individuals. Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation may bypass this defect and reduce the risk of adverse metabolic events. Objectives: To determine the influence of isocaloric MCT vs carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation prior to exercise on substrate oxidation and cardiac function during exercise in participants with long-chain FAO disorders. Design & Methods: Two 45-minute, moderate intensity treadmill exercise studies were completed by subjects (n=11) in a randomized crossover design. An isocaloric oral dose of CHO (1 g/kg LBM) or MCT-oil (0.5 g/kg LBM) was administered prior to exercise, hemodynamic and metabolic indices were assessed during exertion and a cardiac echocardiogram was performed following exercise.
Cardiac mechanisms underlying normal exercise tolerance : gender impactCardiac mechanisms underlying normal exercise tolerance : gender impact
The aim of this study is to test our hypothesis that normal exercise tolerance differs according to gender and to identify potential functional cardiac relationships, which could explain those differences. A total of 44 healthy individuals with mean age of 49 ± 12 years (28-74 years, 22 males) constituted the study cohort. All individuals underwent resting and exercise Doppler echocardiogram simultaneously with peak oxygen uptake analysis (pVO(2)). At equal pVO(2), males achieved higher peak exercise workload (p , 0.001) and females higher heart rate (p , 0.001) but the two groups maintained similar indexed left ventricular (LV) stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output. Indexed LV end-diastolic (LVDVI) and end-systolic volumes (LVSVI) were smaller in females (p , 0.001 and p , 0.01, respectively), but filling time (FT) was shorter (p , 0.001) and they had higher early diastolic (E) velocity (p = 0.004), E/E (m) (myocardial E velocity) (p , 0.001) and global longitudinal strain rate atrial velocity ...
Effects of Treatment on Exercise Tolerance, Cardiac Function, and Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction |...Effects of Treatment on Exercise Tolerance, Cardiac Function, and Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction |...
For the primary (dichotomous) outcome, relative risks (RRs) and 95% CI were computed using random-effects models (11). The weighted MD and corresponding 95% CI were computed using random-effects models for continuous variables. Between-studies heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test (based on the pooled RR by Mantel-Haenszel), as well as by measuring inconsistency (I2 [the percentage of total variance across studies attributable to heterogeneity rather than chance]) of treatment effects across trials (12). We used Beggs funnel plot to assess for publication bias for the primary outcome of all-cause mortality (13). Quality assessment of the analyzed RCTs was performed by Jadads method (14). Since the majority of included studies (13 of 14 treatment arms) had a quality score of 4/4 for mortality, suggesting high quality, a formal quality score and/or weighting of results was not calculated. For exercise capacity, only 1 study had nonblinded assessment of outcome. As a number of ...
Physical activity benefits lung cancer patients and survivors | EurekAlert! Science NewsPhysical activity benefits lung cancer patients and survivors | EurekAlert! Science News
Exercise and physical activity should be considered as therapeutic options for lung cancer as they have been shown to reduce symptoms, increase exercise tolerance, improve quality of life, and potentially reduce length of hospital stay and complications following surgery for lung cancer.
COPD: Treatments, Non-Compliance, and Outcomes | EmaxHealthCOPD: Treatments, Non-Compliance, and Outcomes | EmaxHealth
Optimal pharmacological treatment for COPD patients reduces symptoms, reduces the frequency and severity of exacerbations, improve health status and increases exercise tolerance. Unfortunately, despite frequent changes in COPD classification systems and the emergence of new inhaled therapies recommended from evidence-based guidelines, poor adherence to treatment due to the cost of medication and lack of availability of medications create a gap in real-life prescribing patterns (Cases et al, 2018).
CoQ10 improves blood vessel function and exercise capacity - Nutrition Express ArticlesCoQ10 improves blood vessel function and exercise capacity - Nutrition Express Articles
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a nutrient that occurs naturally in every cell in the body, improved blood-vessel function and increased peak exercise capacity in those with heart disease, in two new studies. In a coronary artery disease (CAD) study, researchers recruited 33 men and five women with an average age of 55, who had CAD and whose hearts pumped blood normally, to take 300 mg of CoQ10 in three 100 mg doses per day or a placebo for one month. Doctors measured the activity of an important antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase or SOD, on blood vessel walls, which declines in CAD. They found that those who had taken CoQ10 had a 29% increase in SOD activity compared to 4% for placebo. Scientists also measured the ability of the arteries to relax (dilate), the ability of the heart to deliver oxygen and the capacity of the cells to absorb oxygen, and found that, in all three measures, those who had taken CoQ10 had significantly greater improvement compared to placebo. Doctors noted that participants ...
Home-based cardiac rehabilitation is an attractive alternative to no cardiac rehabilitation for elderly patients with coronary...Home-based cardiac rehabilitation is an attractive alternative to no cardiac rehabilitation for elderly patients with coronary...
The effect of our home CR programme on exercise capacity is consistent with the findings in the only other study investigating the effect of home-based CR and usual care among elderly with coronary heart disease.3 In this study, patients in the age groups 45-65 years, 66-75 years and ,75 years significantly improved their exercise capacity after participating in a home programme, although the improvement was less among the very old patients (,75 years).. The meta-analysis by Jolly et al,12 which included studies of all age groups, investigated the effect of home-based CR and usual care. The meta-analysis showed an improvement in exercise capacity but could not identify any significant differences between the home and usual care group. The authors explained this by the possibility that patients in usual care groups may receive input that match the homeinterventions and thus diminish a possible difference. This could also have been the case in our study.. At 12 months, a significant decline in ...
Conditioning for Outdoor Fitness: Functional Exercise and Nutrition for Everyone, 2nd Edition by Mark Pierce, A.T.C., David...Conditioning for Outdoor Fitness: Functional Exercise and Nutrition for Everyone, 2nd Edition by Mark Pierce, A.T.C., David...
The Paperback of the Conditioning for Outdoor Fitness: Functional Exercise and Nutrition for Everyone, 2nd Edition by Mark Pierce, A.T.C., David Musnick,
Does pulmonary rehabilitation address cardiovascular risk factors in patients with COPD? | Springer for Research & DevelopmentDoes pulmonary rehabilitation address cardiovascular risk factors in patients with COPD? | Springer for Research & Development
Background Patients with COPD have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whilst pulmonary rehabilitation has proven benefit for exercise tolerance and quality of life, any effect on...
Does enjoyment of PE lessons affect exercise as an adult? - BBC NewsDoes enjoyment of PE lessons affect exercise as an adult? - BBC News
New research is investigating a possible connection between memories of physical activity at school and the amount of exercise taken in adult life.
An Evaluation of Exercise Tolerance in Asthmatic Patients - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.govAn Evaluation of Exercise Tolerance in Asthmatic Patients - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details ...
Plus itPlus it
Patients with COPD have reduced exercise tolerance. Low tolerance to physical exercise in patients with COPD is multifactorial and is due to several reasons, rather important of which is reduction of lung ventilation ability. Registration of indices of ventilation during the test widens diagnostic possibilities of 6-minute walk test (6 MWT).. Materials and methods: male patients with COPD (n=34) II-IV degree of severity, average age 57,5±7,1, FEV146,8 ±14,3% predicted and male patients without COPD, average age 60,8±4,6, FEV193,3±14,4% predicted are involved in the investigation. This investigation was held on the equipment Spiropalm 6 MWT (Cosmed, Italy), which allows to measure parameters of minute ventilation (VE) in the process of standardized 6 MWT.. Results: distance, walked by patients with COPD was 362,3 ± 10,3 m and in control group 510,4 ± 15,6 (p,0,05). Indices of initial ventilation in groups werent significantly different VE 8,9±3,6 l / min in group of patients with COPD and ...
Cardiac Rehab May Cut Risk Factors After M... ( THURSDAY Sept. 22 (He...)Cardiac Rehab May Cut Risk Factors After M... ( THURSDAY Sept. 22 (He...)
Health, ...THURSDAY Sept. 22 (HealthDay News) -- A cardiac rehabilitation progra... Overall following the cardiac rehab intervention the TIA and mild s...The investigators looked at 80 of 100 patients whod had a stroke or T...The peak exercise capacity of the patients improved by an average of a...,Cardiac,Rehab,May,Cut,Risk,Factors,After,Mini-Stroke,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news
Nagging pain on right side - What Doctors Want You to KnowNagging pain on right side - What Doctors Want You to Know
Nagging pain on right side - I went for a short power walk today after work and toward I started getting a nagging side stitch that made me slow down. How do I avoid this? Exercise intolerance. In a young female who is otherwise healthy, discomfort in the lower chest and upper abdomen may be related to exercise intolerance. The person needs to gradually increase their tolerance and insurance, however, if the symptoms are persistent the person needs evaluation of the cardiorespiratory system. You may get alternative points of view from other healthtap physicians
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Party season survival - Les MillsParty season survival - Les Mills
Find out what alcohol really does to your body, and how it affects exercise and recovery. Plus get the truth about hangover cures.
Exercise capacity is strongly associated with cognitive function.Exercise capacity is strongly associated with cognitive function.
Greenmedinfo.com - Natural Health Resource - The worlds most widely referenced, open access, natural medicine database, with 30,000+ study abstracts and growing daily
Pump HD by BPI Sports - TFSupplements - TFSupplements.comPump HD by BPI Sports - TFSupplements - TFSupplements.com
Buy Pump-HD 30 servings at TFSupplements. Pump-HD is the premier pre-workout muscle builder, formulated with well-researched, trialed and tested ingredients proven to build muscle and increase exercise performance.
Association between six-minute walk distance and long-term outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: Data from...Association between six-minute walk distance and long-term outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: Data from...
Background Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension who achieve a six-minute walk distance of 380-440 m may have improved prognosis. Using the randomized controlled trial of macitentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension (SERAPHIN), the association between six-minute walk distance and long-term outcomes was explored. Methods Patients with six-minute walk distance data at Month 6 were dichotomized as above or below the median six-minute walk distance (400 m) and assessed for future risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension-related death or hospitalization and all-cause death. Additionally, six-minute walk distance values at baseline, Month 6 and the change from baseline to Month 6 were categorized by quartiles. All associations were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method using a log-rank test and Cox regression models. Results Patients with a six-minute walk distance |400 m vs. ≤400 m at Month 6 have a reduced risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension-related death or hospitalization (hazard ratio 0
Exercise tolerance and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. - Semantic ScholarExercise tolerance and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. - Semantic Scholar
BACKGROUND/AIM Peripheral muscle weakness and nutritional disorders, firstly loss of body weight, are common findings in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of pulmonary function parameters, nutritional status and state of peripheral skeletal muscles on exercise tolerance and development of dyspnea in COPD patients. METHODS Thirty COPD patients in stable state of disease were analyzed. Standard pulmonary function tests, including spirometry, body pletysmography, and measurements of diffusion capacity were performed. The 6-minute walking distance test (6MWD) was done in order to assess exercise tolerance. Level of dyspnea was measured with Borg scale. In all patients midthigh muscle cross-sectional area (MTCSA) was measured by computerized tomography scan. Nutritional status of patients was estimated according to body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Statisticaly significant correlations were found between parameters of pulmonary
Within-day repeatability of the endurance shuttle walk test - Physiospot - Physiotherapy and Physical Therapy in the SpotlightWithin-day repeatability of the endurance shuttle walk test - Physiospot - Physiotherapy and Physical Therapy in the Spotlight
This study was designed to determine the need for a practice walk for the endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) following the performance of two incremental shuttle walk tests (ISWTs) â€" one practice and one test â€" on the same day. Forty-four patients with a primary diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were included in the study. The mean age of the group was 67.6 years and mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 37% predicted. ...
Functional exercise capacity, strength, balance and motion reaction time in Barth syndrome | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases ...Functional exercise capacity, strength, balance and motion reaction time in Barth syndrome | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases ...
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked disorder caused by defects in TAZ with key clinical features including cardiomyopathy, neutropenia and skeletal myopathy. In order to gain a better understanding of the range of clinical features, identify targets for monitoring, and increase knowledge of natural history of the disease, we conducted muscle strength testing, functional exercise capacity testing, physical activity assessment, balance assessment and motion reaction time testing in 33 affected individuals and 14 controls. We analyzed data points to provide a cross-sectional quantitative spectrum of disease characteristics. We also compared these data points to the matched data points collected two years prior to provide insight into effects of BTHS over time. In comparison to controls, pediatric subjects with BTHS present with significantly impaired balance and motion reaction time while adult subjects with BTHS present with significantly impaired motion reaction time. In comparison to controls, subjects
Assessment of exercise tolerance of older men practicing Nordic Walking - Advances in Rehabilitation - Tom 29, Numer 3 (2015) -...Assessment of exercise tolerance of older men practicing Nordic Walking - Advances in Rehabilitation - Tom 29, Numer 3 (2015) -...
Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the impact of systematic individual Nordic Walking training on physical performance in older men. Material and methods: The study included 18 men (aged 52 to 73), divided into two groups. Group I (the experimental group) underwent an 8-week Nordic Walking training, while group II (the control group) did not perform any physical activity during the analyzed period. The level of physical exercise tolerance was assessed twice: at the beginning and after eight weeks of the study period using the Finnish walking test and the 30-minute walking test. The results were analyzed with the use of Statistica 10. software. Results: The results of the initial Finnish walking test show that the average values of the Fitness Index, time of a 2-kilometer distance coverage and HR were similar in both study groups. After 8 weeks, a statistically significant improvement in exercise tolerance was observed in the experimental group. Aerobic endurance evaluated on the ...
Left atrial volume as an independent predictor of exercise capacity in patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction presented...Left atrial volume as an independent predictor of exercise capacity in patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction presented...
Left atrial volume (LAV) and exercise capacity are important prognostic determinants of cardiovascular risk. Exercise intolerance and increased LAV are expected in patients with diastolic dysfunction. While dyspnea is the symptom reported by the patient and considered subjective, exercise capacity obtained by exercise testing provides an objective measure of cardiovascular fitness. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between LAV index and exercise capacity in patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction who presented with exertional dyspnea. We studied consecutive patients with dyspnea who underwent treadmill exercise testing and transthoracic echocardiography on the same day. LAV was assessed using the biplane area-length method. Symptom-limited exercise testing was performed immediately after echocardiography. Patients with coronary artery disease, valvular or congenital heart disease, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension or positive exercise test were
Sparrho | Effects of exercise training on exercise capacity and qualiSparrho | Effects of exercise training on exercise capacity and quali
A paucity of studies has examined the effect of exercise training after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Previous research has demonstrated t
Halton Healthcare, Oakville Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program and COPD Education Clinic ...Halton Healthcare, Oakville Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program and COPD Education Clinic ...
The Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program offers education and exercise sessions to clients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) to help them manage their condition and encourage them to lead an active lifestyle * nine weeks in length and consists of two sessions per week each lasting 2.5 hours and includes an initial assessment with a COPD Educator and a physiotherapist as well as a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) prior to commencing the ...
Three years of pulmonary rehabilitation: inhibit the decline in airflow obstruction, improves exercise endurance time, and body...Three years of pulmonary rehabilitation: inhibit the decline in airflow obstruction, improves exercise endurance time, and body...
Pulmonary rehabilitation is known to be a beneficial treatment for COPD patients. To date, however, there is no agreement for how long a rehabilitation program should be implemented. In addition, current views are that pulmonary rehabilitation does not improve FEV1 or even slow its decline in COPD patients. The aim of the study was to examine the efficacy of a 3 year outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program for COPD patients on pulmonary function, exercise capability, and body mass index (BMI). A matched controlled trial was performed with outcome assessments evaluated at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months. Eighty patients with moderate to severe COPD (age 63 ± 7 years; FEV1 48% ± 14) were recruited. The control group received standard care only, while in addition, the case study group received PR for duration of three years. These groups were matched for age, sex, BMI, FEV1% and number of pack-years smoked. The decline in FEV1 after the three years was significantly lower in the PR group
Decreased Oxygen Extraction during Cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with CFS | Phoenix Rising ME / CFS ForumsDecreased Oxygen Extraction during Cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with CFS | Phoenix Rising ME / CFS Forums
http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/12/1/20/abstract Decreased oxygen extraction during cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with...
Riverside Healthcare - Respiratory Pulmonary Rehabilitation ProgramRiverside Healthcare - Respiratory Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
Riversides Pulmonary Rehabilitation program treats patients who suffer from chronic respiratory diseases, such as lung disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Exertional Dyspnea in Childhood: Is There an Iceberg Beneath the Apex? in: Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 30 Issue 4 (2018)Exertional Dyspnea in Childhood: Is There an Iceberg Beneath the Apex? in: Pediatric Exercise Science Volume 30 Issue 4 (2018)
This essay expounds on fundamental, quantitative elements of the exercise ventilation in children, which was the subject of the Tom Rowland Lecture given at the NASPEM 2018 Conference. Our knowledge about how much ventilation rises during aerobic exercise is reasonably solid; our understanding of its governance is a work in progress, but our grasp of dyspnea and ventilatory limitation in children (if it occurs) remains embryonic. This manuscript summarizes ventilatory mechanics during dynamic exercise, then proceeds to outline our current understanding of mechanisms of dyspnea, particularly during exercise (exertional dyspnea). Most research in this field has been done in adults, and the vast majority of these studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To what extent conclusions drawn from this literature apply to children and adolescents-both healthy and those with cardiopulmonary disease-will be discussed. The few, recent, pertinent, pediatric studies will be reviewed in ...
Oxygen: the good, the bad, and the necessaryOxygen: the good, the bad, and the necessary
The article focuses on the use of oxygen therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is one of the few treatments which has significant survival benefits in patients with severe hypoxaemia. In less severe hypoxaemic patients the benefits of LTOT on survival are less clear. Other benefits of oxygen administration are generally accepted. Reduced ventilation, especially during exercise, helps to avoid dynamic hyperinflation and hence reduces symptoms and increases exercise tolerance in the majority of patients with COPD, even in patients with mild hypoxaemia ...
Sleep disordered breathing tied to lower exercise capacitySleep disordered breathing tied to lower exercise capacity
(HealthDay)-Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) severity is associated with lower functional aerobic capacity (FAC) and increased blood pressure, according to a study published in the June 1 issue of The American Journal of ...
Higher exercise tolerance with caffeic acid | Nutrient JournalHigher exercise tolerance with caffeic acid | Nutrient Journal
Caffeic acid has a high antioxidant potential. Studies show higher exercise tolerance significant reduction of the blood glucose.
Respond to GOJI-Small Fruit WITH BIG BENEFITSRespond to GOJI-Small Fruit WITH BIG BENEFITS
the strength and integrity of coronary arteries.. Combat Fatigue & Lethargy- Goji is one of Asias historic adaptogens. Goji may help increase exercise tolerance, stamina and endurance. It also helps to eliminate fatigue, especially when recovering from illness.. Support Healthy Blood Pressure Levels- Nearly one in four adults has high blood pressure (hypertension). Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidney failure. A 1998 research study indicated that high blood pressure could be managed by the polysaccharides in goji.. Support Healthy Cholesterol Levels- Goji contains beta-sitosterol, which may help to lower cholesterol levels. Its antioxidants keep cholesterol from oxidizing and forming arterial plaques. The flavonoids in goji help to keep your arteries open and functioning smoothly.. Support & Balance Healthy Blood Sugar Levels- Goji has been used in China for those with adult-onset diabetes for many years. Its polysaccharides may help to ...
How long should outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation be? A randomised controlled trial of 4 weeks versus 7 weeks | ThoraxHow long should outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation be? A randomised controlled trial of 4 weeks versus 7 weeks | Thorax
These results indicate that a 4 week supervised PR programme is equivalent to a 7 week supervised PR programme at comparable time points of 7 weeks and 6 months following completion of the programme. Importantly, the overall response to PR is similar to that documented in other trials.2,11 Interestingly, the 4 week group attained higher improvements in endurance walking times when compared with the 7 week group at the 7 week time point. There was also a trend for the 4 week group to attain greater improvements in all other outcome measures, although this did not reach statistical significance. A combination of hospital and home training appears to be as effective as supervised hospital based training. However, it is accepted that further study is needed to support this view.. At the 4 week time point the 4 week group largely matched the 7 week group with regard to improvements in both measures of exercise performance and health status. Patients in this trial could clearly not be blinded to the ...
Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases
Product name: Inderal. Active ingredient: Propranolol. Is used to: Generic Inderal is used for treating high blood pressure or atrial fibrillation. It is used in patients with angina to decrease angina frequency and increase exercise tolerance to decrease the risk of heart death in certain patients who have survived a heart attack to manage certain types of tremors, a heart condition called hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, or certain symptoms of pheochromocytoma (an adrenal tumor). It is also used to prevent migraine headaches.. Known As: Betachron / Inderal / InnoPran. Manufacturer: Cipla / Hab Pharma / Intas / Nicholas. Product Page: Go to store. Payment method: Visa / MasterCard. Delivery Time: 5-7 business days by Courier Service or 10-21 business days by Standard International Airmail. Bonuses: USPS - Fast Delivery Shipping 1-4 day USA Best quality drugs Fast Shipping USA Professional packaging 100% guarantee on delivery Best prices in the market Discounts for returning customers FDA ...
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Product name: Inderal. Active substance: Propranolol. Is used to: Generic Inderal is used for treating high blood pressure or atrial fibrillation. It is used in patients with angina to decrease angina frequency and increase exercise tolerance to decrease the risk of heart death in certain patients who have survived a heart attack to manage certain types of tremors, a heart condition called hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, or certain symptoms of pheochromocytoma (an adrenal tumor). It is also used to prevent migraine headaches.. Also Known As: Betachron / Inderal / InnoPran. Manufacturer: Cipla / Hab Pharma / Intas / Nicholas. Purchase: Go to store. Payment method: Visa / Wiretransfer. Delivery Time: 5-7 business days by Courier Service or 10-21 business days by Standard International Airmail. Discount program: FREE pills! FREE shipping! Discounts! (up to 10%) & more.... ...
Pulmonary RehabilitationPulmonary Rehabilitation
... incorporates an individualised programme of physical training combined with targeted education for people who are functionally disabled by breathlessness. It aims to reduce symptoms and disability and to improve independence in people with lung disease.. At NNUH we have been running a pulmonary rehabilitation programme for 20 years. The programme is provided by a multi-professional team with involvement of the patient and family according to individual needs. Patients attend for a 2 hour session every week for eight weeks at the Willow Centre, Willowcroft Way, Cringleford and are taught exercises which can be undertaken in the home.. Although most of the evidence for pulmonary rehabilitation is for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the benefits may also apply to patients with breathlessness from other respiratory diseases. Rehabilitation should be considered at all stages of disease progression when symptoms are present and not at a ...
Aortic Distensibility Independently Affects Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy | CirculationAortic Distensibility Independently Affects Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy | Circulation
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Circulation.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. ...
Mediterranean diet- and exercise-induced improvement in age-dependent vascular activity | Clinical Science | Portland PressMediterranean diet- and exercise-induced improvement in age-dependent vascular activity | Clinical Science | Portland Press
The aging effect on microvascular integrity, marked by endothelial dysfunction and reduction in exercise tolerance, is a major cause of CVD (cardiovascular disease). Improved dietary habits, known to reduce morbidity and mortality, are also known to attenuate those aging effects. The present study investigated the effects of combined MD (Mediterranean diet) and exercise intervention on lower- and upper-limb cutaneous microvascular functions in an older healthy population. A total of 22 sedentary healthy participants (age, 55±4 years) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance test, and were assessed for their upper- and lower-limb vascular endothelial CVC (cutaneous vascular conductance) using LDF (laser Doppler fluximetry) with endothelium-dependent [ACh (acetylcholine chloride)] and -independent [SNP (sodium nitroprusside)] vasodilation. Participants were then randomized into two groups: MD and non-MD, and followed an 8-week intervention programme, which included discontinuous treadmill ...
admin | CPX International Inc. | Page 2admin | CPX International Inc. | Page 2
AIMS: Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is used to evaluate patients with chronic heart failure (HF) usually by means of a personalized ramp exercise protocol. Our aim was to evaluate if exercise duration or ramp rate influences the results. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety HF patients were studied (peak V (O(2)): ,20 ml/min/kg, n=28, 15-20 ml/min/kg, n=39 and ,15 ml/min/kg, n=23). Each patient did four CPET studies. The initial study was used to separate the subjects into three groups, according to their exercise capacity. In the remaining studies, work-rate was increased at three different rates designed to have the subjects reach peak exercise in 5, 10 and 15 min from the start of the ramp increase in work-rate, respectively. The order was randomized. The work-rate applied for the total population averaged 22.7+/-8.0, 11.6+/-3.7, 7.5+/-2.9 W/min with effective loaded exercise duration of 5 min and 16 s+/-29 s, 9 min and 43 s+/-49 s and 14 min and 32 s+/-1 min and 12 s for the 5-, 10- and 15-min ...
Pulmonary RehabilitationPulmonary Rehabilitation
Once you graduate from the pulmonary rehabilitation program you will have the opportunity to participate in a maintenance program. You can continue to use the gym and receive ongoing support from our expert staff. We want you to remain motivated and feeling your best.. If you have been diagnosed with chronic lung disease, request a referral from your physician for ProHealth Cares pulmonary rehabilitation program. For more information, call us at the following locations:. WAUKESHA ...
IPF Case Study: Managing Comorbidities and Improving Quality of LifeIPF Case Study: Managing Comorbidities and Improving Quality of Life
Pulmonary Rehabilitation. ATS guidelines recommend that the majority of patients with IPF be treated with pulmonary rehabilitation.11 Pulmonary rehabilitation programs include exercise for aerobic conditioning, strength, and flexibility; nutritional counseling; psychosocial support; and other educational interventions.11 Randomized controlled trials have shown that both 6MWT distance and patient-reported HRQOL outcomes are improved with pulmonary rehabilitation.36 It is important to note that 6MWT distance is itself associated with HRQOL in the setting of IPF and may be used as a prognostic factor.38 Importantly, the correlation between dyspnea, functional status, and depression has been found to be significant, suggesting that patients who can walk greater distances may have less dyspnea, and in turn, improved depressive symptoms.39. Two recent prospective trials have also demonstrated improved patient outcomes with pulmonary rehabilitation.39,40 A German study of 402 consecutive patients with ...
Gender Differences in the Prognostic Value of Exercise Treadmill Test Characteristics - American College of CardiologyGender Differences in the Prognostic Value of Exercise Treadmill Test Characteristics - American College of Cardiology
A total of 9,569 consecutive patients were included, of which 46.8% were women. Overall, exercise capacity and heart rate recovery were significantly associated with all-cause death. Exercise capacity, chest pain, and ST-segment deviations were significantly associated with subsequent MI. In general, the relationship between ETT variables and outcomes was similar between men and women, except for abnormal exercise capacity, which had a significantly stronger association with death in men (hazard ratio [HR], 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89-4.44), but not for women (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.52-1.93). In contrast, chronotropic incompetence had a significantly stronger relationship with MI for women (HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 0.94-8.27) than for men (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.74-2.20).. ...
Spiropalm 6MWT - Product DetailsSpiropalm 6MWT - Product Details
Spiropalm 6MWT is a new device that incorporates a spirometer with a pulse oximeter and ventilation monitor. During a 6 Minute Walk Test, this compact and lightweight combination can be easily worn by a patient on a harness or a belt to collect real-time data. The resulting report provides clinicians with a cohesive and comprehensive means of evaluating 6-MWT results. Features include: Continuous measurement of SpO2 & HR throughout the walking/exercise period makes the clinician aware of desaturation that may have occured during the 6 minute walk but which was reversed by the end of the test. Measurement of Minute Ventilation (VE) and Breathing Pattern during walking. Measurement of Breathing Reserve (BR) and evaluation of Ventilatory Limitation. Evaluation of Dynamic Hyperinflation with Inspiratory Capacity (IC) measurement.. Product URL : http://www.futuremedamerica.com/spiropalm6mwt.htm. Last Updated : 11/09/2012. Categories : "Spirometers" ...
Pulmonary RehabPulmonary Rehab
Floyd Medical Center provides pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with respiratory illnesses, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), control symptoms and improve day-to-day activities. Floyds outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program uses exercise, behavior changes and education to help build a patients physical fitness. The goal is to return the patient to the highest possible level of activity. Our program can help you breathe better by focusing on:. ...
Pulmonary rehabilitation program | Abbott Northwestern Hospital | Minneapolis, MNPulmonary rehabilitation program | Abbott Northwestern Hospital | Minneapolis, MN
Usually there is no cure for chronic lung issues such as COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), severe asthma, or cystic fibrosis. But there are ways to improve your quality of life through pulmonary rehabilitation.
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The current study shows that low exercise capacity, age, type 2 diabetes, and hs-CRP levels are the most important determinants of cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with stable CAD with and without type 2 diabetes. HRT was also influenced by left ventricular systolic function. Autonomic function assessed by HRR, HR variability, or HRT predicted short-term cardiovascular end points in univariate analyses in CAD patients with type 2 diabetes, but not in their counterparts without type 2 diabetes. However, autonomic measures did not provide independent short-term prognostic information, even in the patients with type 2 diabetes, after adjusting for clinical, demographic, and echocardiographic risk variables, including a marker of low-grade inflammation, which remained as the independent prognostic marker.. Many studies have found an association between autonomic function and exercise capacity or physical fitness in the general population and in various patient groups, including cardiac ...
UC Davis Medical Center recognized for leadership in pulmonary rehabilitationUC Davis Medical Center recognized for leadership in pulmonary rehabilitation
The Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program at UC Davis Health System has been certified by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation for leadership in improving health and quality of life for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other lung diseases.
Exercise Is Key to Longer Life - Vitaguard | HealthExercise Is Key to Longer Life - Vitaguard | Health
A study published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology10 sought to estimate a patients age based on performance during an exercise stress test. Over a 125,000 patients referred for exercise stress testing were included.. Estimated age was based on exercise capacity. After nearly nine years of follow-up, researchers discovered the patients estimated age based on their exercise stress test was a better predictor of mortality as compared to chronological age. The results held true for both men and women.. Researchers believe the key take-home messages were that exercise variables are powerful predictors of survival, and health care providers could consider using their physiological age as a way to motivate their patients to exercise more.11 A similar study12 evaluated 8,000 middle-aged and older adults and found adding physical activity of any intensity or duration cut their risk of early death.. The researchers believe the findings highlight the importance of movement, regardless of ...
How to Effectively Increase Your Height Through Height Increase Exercises - banzai816s blogHow to Effectively Increase Your Height Through Height Increase Exercises - banzai816's blog
There are lots of people today who are not satisfied with their height. Many of them suffer because they have experienced that height could be a hindrance in getting a great job, promotions and attention. There are individuals in search to find a great height increase exercise to gain a...
Inability to Exercise (Exercise Intolerance) Symptoms, Signs & CausesInability to Exercise (Exercise Intolerance) Symptoms, Signs & Causes
Learn about symptoms and signs associated with an inability to exercise (exercise intolerance). Associated symptoms and signs can include shortness of breath, weakness, and muscle pain. Pinpoint your symptoms and signs with MedicineNets Symptom Checker.
Occupational therapy-led pulmonary rehabilitation: A practice analysis - Northumbria Research LinkOccupational therapy-led pulmonary rehabilitation: A practice analysis - Northumbria Research Link
Pulmonary rehabilitation is accepted as an essential strategy for the management of respiratory disease. However, there is wide variation in models of service delivery, and evidence to understand which elements are most effective is less clear. This analysis outlines key elements of an occupational therapy-led pulmonary rehabilitation programme.. Critical reflection on practice ...
NewYork-Presbyterian Queens - Pulmonary RehabilitationNewYork-Presbyterian Queens - Pulmonary Rehabilitation
A pulmonary rehabilitation program is designed to meet the needs of the individual patient, depending upon the specific lung problem or disease. Active involvement of the patient and family is vital to the success of the program.. The goal of pulmonary rehabilitation is to help patients return to the highest level of function and independence possible, while improving the overall quality of life--physically, emotionally, and socially. These goals are often met by:. ...
Udenafil Therapy to Improve Symptomatology, Exercise Tolerance and Hemodynamics in Patients With Mild Pulmonary Hypertension ...Udenafil Therapy to Improve Symptomatology, Exercise Tolerance and Hemodynamics in Patients With Mild Pulmonary Hypertension ...
This study is investigating the effects of udenafil on symptom, exercise capacity and hemodynamic status in patients with mild pulmonary hypertension.
How POWERbreathe could help improve exercise tolerance in people with Cystic Fibrosis - POWERbreatheHow POWERbreathe could help improve exercise tolerance in people with Cystic Fibrosis - POWERbreathe
We recently came across an article that reported on how patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have less exercise capacity than their peers, even though their
Pulmonary Rehabilitation | InovaPulmonary Rehabilitation | Inova
Inovas comprehensive Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program is a medically supervised, therapeutic treatment program designed to help patients with pulmonary disease improve their quality of life and exercise capacity.
ANZCTR - RegistrationANZCTR - Registration
Currently, exercise guidelines for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) recommend 30 to 60 minutes of aerobic exercise on most days; a recommendation that is consistent with that provided for the general population. In addition to the usual demands on a persons time such as work, study and family, people with CF have a high daily treatment burden involving airway clearance, medical and nutritional treatment, which are can take up to 4 hours per day to be completed. Therefore, completing 30 to 60 minutes of exercise per day can be difficult to achieve. A novel training approach, such as high intensity interval training (HIIT) may represent a more efficient option to increase exercise capacity. High intensity interval training has been demonstrated to improve exercise capacity in healthy individuals, as well as people with chronic respiratory disease. The main benefit of HIIT is the reduced time commitment, compared to other forms of exercise training. Currently, there are no guidelines for the use ...
Exercise Intolerance in HFpEF: Diagnosing and Ranking its Causes Using Personalized O2 Pathway Analysis. | CPX International...Exercise Intolerance in HFpEF: Diagnosing and Ranking its Causes Using Personalized O2 Pathway Analysis. | CPX International...
cardinal symptom of HFpEF, yet its pathophysiology remains uncertain.. Methods -We investigated the mechanism of exercise intolerance in each of 134 ...
Search | Open Access Kent State (OAKS)Search | Open Access Kent State (OAKS)
Background: Metabolic syndrome prevalence in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is high and participants have poor baseline and overall improvement in exercise capacity; however, it is unclear if this is due to participant or CR programlevel factors. The purpose of this research was to describe, in CR participants, the association between metabolic syndrome and change in exercise capacity, and to examine exercise capacity variation by CR program. Methods: Data was abstracted from medical charts in four CR programs. A three-category exposure variable was defined as BMI(reference group) and no metabolic syndrome (n=73), BMI ≥ 27 without metabolic syndrome (n=21), and metabolic syndrome (n=156). Hierarchical linear models examined the association between metabolic syndrome and the rate of change in exercise capacity and variation in exercise capacity by CR program. Results: Sixty-two percent of participants had metabolic syndrome. In multivariable analyses, participants with BMI ≥ 27 without metabolic ...
Search | Open Access Kent State (OAKS)Search | Open Access Kent State (OAKS)
Background: Metabolic syndrome prevalence in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is high and participants have poor baseline and overall improvement in exercise capacity; however, it is unclear if this is due to participant or CR programlevel factors. The purpose of this research was to describe, in CR participants, the association between metabolic syndrome and change in exercise capacity, and to examine exercise capacity variation by CR program. Methods: Data was abstracted from medical charts in four CR programs. A three-category exposure variable was defined as BMI(reference group) and no metabolic syndrome (n=73), BMI ≥ 27 without metabolic syndrome (n=21), and metabolic syndrome (n=156). Hierarchical linear models examined the association between metabolic syndrome and the rate of change in exercise capacity and variation in exercise capacity by CR program. Results: Sixty-two percent of participants had metabolic syndrome. In multivariable analyses, participants with BMI ≥ 27 without metabolic ...
Dyspnea Clinics Information | Dyspnea LabDyspnea Clinics Information | Dyspnea Lab
The clinic should be affiliated with a pulmonary rehabilitation program.. There are many of Pulmonary Rehabilitation programs in the US and Canada that can help reduce symptoms in may patients. You can find one convenient to your home by entering the key words "Pulmonary Rehab" + your state or city into Google or another search engine.. ...
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ClinicPulmonary Rehabilitation Clinic
A 12 session course designed to improve the strength and exercise tolerance of people suffering from a chronic respiratory condition with education sessions to help respiratory patients understand and manage their condition more effectively.. Pulmonary Rehabilitation is recommended best practice for the management of patients with chronic respiratory disease and has been shown to increase quality of life, reduce feelings of shortness of breath and reduce number of hospital admissions for active participants.. Eligibility Criteria ...
Health Tip: Participating in Pulmonary Rehabilitation - Drugs.com MedNewsHealth Tip: Participating in Pulmonary Rehabilitation - Drugs.com MedNews
can help you breathe a little easier. The American Council on Exercise says most pulmonary rehabilitation programs involve Participating in cardiovascular, flex
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AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Exercise ToleranceExercise TestExercise TherapyExercisePhysical ExertionDrug ToleranceOxygen ConsumptionDyspneaPhysical EnduranceImmune ToleranceBreathing ExercisesHeart RatePulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveMuscle, SkeletalLung Diseases, ObstructiveHeart FailureRespiratory Function TestsPulmonary Gas ExchangeXamoterolAngina PectorisGlucose Tolerance TestDouble-Blind MethodForced Expiratory VolumeAnaerobic ThresholdRespiratory MusclesTime FactorsCross-Over StudiesQuality of LifeCounterpulsationTreatment OutcomeHemodynamicsWalkingRestBlood PressureRespirationCardiac OutputChronic DiseaseInspiratory CapacityHeart Function TestsMuscle StrengthStroke VolumeTransplantation ToleranceVital CapacityLactic AcidAdaptation, PhysiologicalOxygenSpirometryIsosorbide DinitrateOxygen Inhalation TherapyNeurocirculatory AstheniaElectrocardiographyMuscle FatigueEbstein AnomalyPropanolaminesLegPulmonary VentilationMetoprololAnalysis of VarianceProspective StudiesLungBronchitisFollow-Up StudiesBicyclingGlycogen Storage Disease Type VAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsVentricular Function, LeftEchocardiographyPhysical FitnessSingle-Blind MethodVentricular Dysfunction, LeftCardiac Output, LowDiastolePhysical Conditioning, AnimalBronchodilator AgentsEnergy MetabolismBlood GlucoseSeverity of Illness IndexRegional Blood FlowNitroglycerinResistance TrainingHypertension, PulmonaryFatigueIpratropiumHeartRunningBisoprololAdministration, OralCoronary DiseaseMuscle Stretching ExercisesNafronylEchocardiography, DopplerRespiratory MechanicsVasodilator AgentsSelf ToleranceArmClinical Trials as TopicLung Volume MeasurementsCardiovascular AgentsCardiac VolumePulmonary EmphysemaCarbon DioxideRecovery of FunctionPropranololCardiac Pacing, ArtificialHand StrengthQuestionnairesGlucose IntoleranceCardiomyopathy, DilatedRandom AllocationHeart VentriclesHeart DiseasesMyocardial ContractionElectrocardiography, AmbulatoryPhysical Education and TrainingGlycogenElectric Stimulation TherapyRegression AnalysisEthanolaminesSalt-ToleranceAsthma, Exercise-InducedCarbazolesDose-Response Relationship, DrugPacemaker, ArtificialAdrenergic beta-AgonistsPilot ProjectsPneumonectomyStatistics, NonparametricExercise Movement TechniquesDietary SupplementsMyocardial InfarctionPredictive Value of TestsDrug Administration ScheduleActivities of Daily LivingEnalaprilTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonWeight LiftingAcclimatizationAntihypertensive AgentsStress, PhysiologicalAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsPrognosisBody WeightMotor ActivityReproducibility of ResultsMyocardial IschemiaCoronary CirculationLinear ModelsCase-Control StudiesPlacebosDrug Therapy, CombinationMice, Inbred C57BLCardiac CatheterizationDroughtsVentricular RemodelingMuscle ContractionRisk FactorsInsulin ResistanceSportsCardiovascular Physiological PhenomenaAdministration, InhalationNatriuretic Peptide, BrainErgometryLung DiseasesGlucoseObesityCardiotonic AgentsQuadriceps MusclePeripheral ToleranceLactatesCross-Sectional StudiesMyocardiumDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2MorphineBody CompositionAgingSwimmingCoronary AngiographySweatingFatty Acids, NonesterifiedReference ValuesRetrospective StudiesCold TemperatureForearmCoronary Artery BypassSkin TransplantationDehydrationCohort StudiesDietary CarbohydratesBody TemperaturePulmonary ArteryPain MeasurementRisk Assessment
Effect of attitudes and beliefs on exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis. | The BMJEffect of attitudes and beliefs on exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis. | The BMJ
Exercise tolerance and alcohol intake. Blood pressure relation. | HypertensionExercise tolerance and alcohol intake. Blood pressure relation. | Hypertension
Exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory adjustments at peak work capacity in cystic fibrosisExercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory adjustments at peak work capacity in cystic fibrosis
An Evaluation of Exercise Tolerance in Asthmatic Patients - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.govAn Evaluation of Exercise Tolerance in Asthmatic Patients - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Cardiac mechanisms underlying normal exercise tolerance : gender impactCardiac mechanisms underlying normal exercise tolerance : gender impact
Abstract 12286: Electrical Muscle Stimulation Improves Neurovascular Control and Exercise Tolerance in Hospitalised Advanced...Abstract 12286: Electrical Muscle Stimulation Improves Neurovascular Control and Exercise Tolerance in Hospitalised Advanced...
Effects of a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker (tolamolol) on exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris |...Effects of a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker (tolamolol) on exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris |...
Effects of Treatment on Exercise Tolerance, Cardiac Function, and Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction |...Effects of Treatment on Exercise Tolerance, Cardiac Function, and Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction |...
Effects of MCT supplementation on exercise tolerance in patients with by Annie Behrend"Effects of MCT supplementation on exercise tolerance in patients with " by Annie Behrend
Intermittent hypoxia increases exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease | MetaIntermittent hypoxia increases exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease | Meta
Factors limiting exercise tolerance in chronic lung diseases. - PubMed - NCBIFactors limiting exercise tolerance in chronic lung diseases. - PubMed - NCBI
Improved exercise performance and toleranceImproved exercise performance and tolerance
Oral taurine improves critical power and severe-intensity exercise tolerance. - PubMed - NCBIOral taurine improves critical power and severe-intensity exercise tolerance. - PubMed - NCBI
Carbon monoxide and exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. | The BMJCarbon monoxide and exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. | The BMJ
Exercise Tolerance Test and Exercise for Desaturation TestExercise Tolerance Test and Exercise for Desaturation Test
Exercise Tolerance Test | HospiceExercise Tolerance Test | Hospice
Exercise tolerance testing after myocardial infarction | Clinical | Nursing TimesExercise tolerance testing after myocardial infarction | Clinical | Nursing Times
Oxidative Capacity and Exercise Tolerance in Ambulatory SMA - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.govOxidative Capacity and Exercise Tolerance in Ambulatory SMA - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Elon Musk: Balancing Purpose and Risk; Risk Tolerance Exercise - Supplement -...Elon Musk: Balancing Purpose and Risk; Risk Tolerance Exercise - Supplement -...
Fat Plays a Vital Role After Exercise in Improving Glucose ToleranceFat Plays a Vital Role After Exercise in Improving Glucose Tolerance
Weight Loss, Exercise Tolerance Play Key Role in Making Hernia Surgeries SuccessfulWeight Loss, Exercise Tolerance Play Key Role in Making Hernia Surgeries Successful
Aortic Distensibility Independently Affects Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy | CirculationAortic Distensibility Independently Affects Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy | Circulation
Quantifying intervention-related improvements in exercise tolerance | European Respiratory SocietyQuantifying intervention-related improvements in exercise tolerance | European Respiratory Society
Winter Blues? Study Suggests Exercise Builds both Fitness and Cold Tolerance | College of Biological ScienceWinter Blues? Study Suggests Exercise Builds both Fitness and Cold Tolerance | College of Biological Science
How the Colonies in America Moved from Tolerance to Free Exercise of ReligionHow the Colonies in America Moved from 'Tolerance' to 'Free Exercise' of Religion
Forced oscillation technique as a predictor of exercise tolerance in copdForced oscillation technique as a predictor of exercise tolerance in copd
Essential Amino Acids and Exercise Tolerance in Elderly Muscle-Depleted Subjects with Chronic Diseases: A Rehabilitation...Essential Amino Acids and Exercise Tolerance in Elderly Muscle-Depleted Subjects with Chronic Diseases: A Rehabilitation...
Browsing by Subject Exercise ToleranceBrowsing by Subject "Exercise Tolerance"
The enduring impact of social factors on exercise tolerance in men attending cardiac rehabilitation.The enduring impact of social factors on exercise tolerance in men attending cardiac rehabilitation.
50 Diagnostic role of exercise tolerance testing in familial premature sudden cardiac death | Heart50 Diagnostic role of exercise tolerance testing in familial premature sudden cardiac death | Heart
Effect of Timing of a Post-exercise Oral Glucose Tolerance Test on Glycaemic Control. - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govEffect of Timing of a Post-exercise Oral Glucose Tolerance Test on Glycaemic Control. - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Six-minute stepper test: a valid clinical exercise tolerance test for | COPDSix-minute stepper test: a valid clinical exercise tolerance test for | COPD
Effects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD | European Respiratory SocietyEffects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD | European Respiratory Society
Effects of Diet and Exercise in Preventing NIDDM in People With Impaired Glucose Tolerance: The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study ...Effects of Diet and Exercise in Preventing NIDDM in People With Impaired Glucose Tolerance: The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study ...
The Acute and Residual Effect of a Single Exercise Session on Meal Glucose Tolerance in Sedentary Young Adults : Table 1The Acute and Residual Effect of a Single Exercise Session on Meal Glucose Tolerance in Sedentary Young Adults : Table 1
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Exercise ToleranceExercise TestExercise TherapyExercisePhysical ExertionDrug ToleranceOxygen ConsumptionDyspneaPhysical EnduranceImmune ToleranceBreathing ExercisesHeart RatePulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveMuscle, SkeletalLung Diseases, ObstructiveHeart FailureRespiratory Function TestsPulmonary Gas ExchangeXamoterolAngina PectorisGlucose Tolerance TestDouble-Blind MethodForced Expiratory VolumeAnaerobic ThresholdRespiratory MusclesTime FactorsCross-Over StudiesQuality of LifeCounterpulsationTreatment OutcomeHemodynamicsWalkingRestBlood PressureRespirationCardiac OutputChronic DiseaseInspiratory CapacityHeart Function TestsMuscle StrengthStroke VolumeTransplantation ToleranceVital CapacityLactic AcidAdaptation, PhysiologicalOxygenSpirometryIsosorbide DinitrateOxygen Inhalation TherapyNeurocirculatory AstheniaElectrocardiographyMuscle FatigueEbstein AnomalyPropanolaminesLegPulmonary VentilationMetoprololAnalysis of VarianceProspective StudiesLungBronchitisFollow-Up StudiesBicyclingGlycogen Storage Disease Type VAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsVentricular Function, LeftEchocardiographyPhysical FitnessSingle-Blind MethodVentricular Dysfunction, LeftCardiac Output, LowDiastolePhysical Conditioning, AnimalBronchodilator AgentsEnergy MetabolismBlood GlucoseSeverity of Illness IndexRegional Blood FlowNitroglycerinResistance TrainingHypertension, PulmonaryFatigueIpratropiumHeartRunningBisoprololAdministration, OralCoronary DiseaseMuscle Stretching ExercisesNafronylEchocardiography, DopplerRespiratory MechanicsVasodilator AgentsSelf ToleranceArmClinical Trials as TopicLung Volume MeasurementsCardiovascular AgentsCardiac VolumePulmonary EmphysemaCarbon DioxideRecovery of FunctionPropranololCardiac Pacing, ArtificialHand StrengthQuestionnairesGlucose IntoleranceCardiomyopathy, DilatedRandom AllocationHeart VentriclesHeart DiseasesMyocardial ContractionElectrocardiography, AmbulatoryPhysical Education and TrainingGlycogenElectric Stimulation TherapyRegression AnalysisEthanolaminesSalt-ToleranceAsthma, Exercise-InducedCarbazolesDose-Response Relationship, DrugPacemaker, ArtificialAdrenergic beta-AgonistsPilot ProjectsPneumonectomyStatistics, NonparametricExercise Movement TechniquesDietary SupplementsMyocardial InfarctionPredictive Value of TestsDrug Administration ScheduleActivities of Daily LivingEnalaprilTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonWeight LiftingAcclimatizationAntihypertensive AgentsStress, PhysiologicalAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsPrognosisBody WeightMotor ActivityReproducibility of ResultsMyocardial IschemiaCoronary CirculationLinear ModelsCase-Control StudiesPlacebosDrug Therapy, CombinationMice, Inbred C57BLCardiac CatheterizationDroughtsVentricular RemodelingMuscle ContractionRisk FactorsInsulin ResistanceSportsCardiovascular Physiological PhenomenaAdministration, InhalationNatriuretic Peptide, BrainErgometryLung DiseasesGlucoseObesityCardiotonic AgentsQuadriceps MusclePeripheral ToleranceLactatesCross-Sectional StudiesMyocardiumDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2MorphineBody CompositionAgingSwimmingCoronary AngiographySweatingFatty Acids, NonesterifiedReference ValuesRetrospective StudiesCold TemperatureForearmCoronary Artery BypassSkin TransplantationDehydrationCohort StudiesDietary CarbohydratesBody TemperaturePulmonary ArteryPain MeasurementRisk Assessment
MortalityPulmonaryPhysiologicalRespiratoryExertionArterialCardiac FunctionTreadmill exerciseResistanceConclusionsDistance walkedSignificantlyPeakEffectEvaluateSubmaximalIntolerancePulmonary functionCystic fibrosisDyspneaFatigueMETHODSMaximalTestMyocardialSkeletal muscleInspiratory6MWTMetabolicUptakeCONCLUSIONSRehabilitationCoronaryChronic heart fInterventionsHemodynamicFunctionalIsosorbide dinitrateAerobic ExerciseDesaturationImproveImprovementsPhysicalMechanismsModerateAbnormalitiesIndividualsHumansHeart
Mortality1
Pulmonary2
  • In 50 patients with chronic bronchitis the relation was assessed between exercise tolerance and pulmonary function and psychological factors, including subjective perception of exertion, mood, general psychiatric disturbance, and the attitudes and beliefs held by patients concerning themselves, their illness, and its treatment. (bmj.com)
  • The results indicate that whenever pulmonary disease in CF is advanced, there are decreases in exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory reserves, exercise-induced ventilation-perfusion abnormalities, arterial desaturation, and alveolar hypoventilation. (nih.gov)
Physiological1
  • In view of the abnormal physiological adaptations to exercise in patients with CF with advanced lung disease (PFS greater than 12), they should engage in exercise training programs and strenuous physical activity with caution and only after their cardiorespiratory reserves and adjustments to exercise have been objectively evaluated. (nih.gov)
Respiratory1
  • Results: A statistically significant decrease in respiratory exchange ratio (RER), double product ejection fraction estimation, and steady state heart rate were observed following the exercise test pretreated with MCT. (ohsu.edu)
Exertion2
  • Subjective perception of exertion was most closely correlated with exercise tolerance. (bmj.com)
  • An isocaloric oral dose of CHO (1 g/kg LBM) or MCT-oil (0.5 g/kg LBM) was administered prior to exercise, hemodynamic and metabolic indices were assessed during exertion and a cardiac echocardiogram was performed following exercise. (ohsu.edu)
Arterial1
Cardiac Function3
  • As a result, bouts of exercise can lead to rhabdomyolysis, impaired cardiac function and, hence, exercise avoidance in these individuals. (ohsu.edu)
  • Objectives: To determine the influence of isocaloric MCT vs carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation prior to exercise on substrate oxidation and cardiac function during exercise in participants with long-chain FAO disorders. (ohsu.edu)
  • Energy metabolism and cardiac function during exercise were analyzed using paired T tests. (ohsu.edu)
Treadmill exercise1
  • Design & Methods: Two 45-minute, moderate intensity treadmill exercise studies were completed by subjects (n=11) in a randomized crossover design. (ohsu.edu)
Resistance1
Conclusions1
  • Conclusions: MCT supplementation prior to exercise in subjects with LCHAD, CPT2 or VLCAD deficiency increased the oxidation of medium chain fats and acutely improved cardiac ejection fraction for the same amount of work performed when compared to CHO supplementation. (ohsu.edu)
Distance walked1
Significantly1
Peak1
  • Exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory adjustments at peak work capacity (PWC) were determined in 20 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) during progressive cycle ergometry. (nih.gov)
Effect2
Evaluate1
Submaximal2
Intolerance26
Pulmonary function4
Cystic fibrosis4
Dyspnea2
Fatigue11
METHODS8
  • The results from this study would provide preliminary data, using non-invasive methods, on oxidative capacity in ambulatory SMA patients and disease controls to aid in the design of exercise intervention studies. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The difference between critical and recovery power ( D CP ), time constant for reconstitution of W´ ( \(\tau_{{W^{\prime}}}\) ), time to limit of tolerance ( T LIM ), and W´ BAL from the integral ( W´ BALint ), differential ( W´ BALdiff ), and locomotor-specific (OG- W´ BAL ) methods were compared. (springer.com)
  • Methods: Research design employed was an quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional study of randomly selected college students (N = 936) that completed a stress tolerance questionnaire (STQ) coupled with a physical activity log. (ed.gov)
  • METHODS: In a randomized order, all patients performed PLB and control breathing (CB) during constant work-rate exercise in an electrically-braked cycloergometer. (minervamedica.it)
  • METHODS: Participants with and without LBP completed testing pre- and post-6 weeks of progressive home exercise intervention. (iospress.com)
  • METHODS: We examined the relation of two indices of physical activity-walking pace and leisure activity-to total mortality, CHD, and other cardiovascular diseases in a 25-year follow-up of 6408 male British Civil Servants who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at study entry. (lshtm.ac.uk)
  • To better define the effects of long-term vasodilator therapy on exercise performance in chronic congestive heart failure, we compared placebo with prazosin and with the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate (Hyd-Iso) in 642 men over a 5-year period in V-HeFT I. Methods and Results. (umn.edu)
  • Design & Methods: Two 45-minute, moderate intensity treadmill exercise studies were completed by subjects (n=11) in a randomized crossover design. (ohsu.edu)
Maximal11
Test44
Myocardial1
  • The NICE guidance also states that, for people with confirmed CAD (eg, previous myocardial infarction, revascularisation, previous angiography), non-invasive functional testing should be offered when there is uncertainty about whether chest pain is caused by myocardial ischaemia, and that exercise ECG may be used instead of functional imaging. (high-kick.ru)
Skeletal muscle4
Inspiratory2
6MWT3
Metabolic6
  • Two years ago, the international research team first demonstrated that adipose tissue offers beneficial metabolic effects in response to exercise. (medindia.net)
  • This reversed the negative metabolic effects of the high fat diet, similar to what happens with exercise. (medindia.net)
  • Our results are important because it's really the first demonstration of an exercise-released adipokine that can have beneficial metabolic effects on the body," says Goodyear. (medindia.net)
  • This research really revolutionizes the way we think about exercise, and the many metabolic effects of exercise. (medindia.net)
  • Furthermore, although C a O 2 was reduced by approximately 50% at the highest P CO 2 , there was no effect of hypercapnia on the eels' tolerance of hypoxia, aerobic metabolic scope or sustained swimming performance. (biologists.org)
  • Ergoreceptors, which mediate circulatory adaptations in the early stages of exercise, are stimulated by metabolic acidosis and are partially responsible for sympathetic vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate. (aafp.org)
Uptake6
CONCLUSIONS7
  • CONCLUSIONS Diet and/or exercise interventions led to a significant decrease in the incidence of diabetes over a 6-year period among those with IGT. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: PVRI should not be used as a surrogate marker to predict changes in exercise capacity. (biomedsearch.com)
  • Conclusions: This study demonstrated the positive protective impact of physical activity behaviors and exercise on stress tolerance among college students. (ed.gov)
  • Conclusions Pharmacotherapy of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction demonstrates a quantifiable improvement in exercise tolerance but not mortality. (onlinejacc.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with LBP meeting clinical prediction rules for stabilization-based exercise demonstrated increased standing tolerance and sagittal plane muscle sequencing following a 6-week intervention. (iospress.com)
  • Conclusions: MCT supplementation prior to exercise in subjects with LCHAD, CPT2 or VLCAD deficiency increased the oxidation of medium chain fats and acutely improved cardiac ejection fraction for the same amount of work performed when compared to CHO supplementation. (ohsu.edu)
  • Conclusions: HR≥95 at 3 months following HTx is associated with reduced exercise tolerance in stable HTx recipients. (elsevier.com)
Rehabilitation3
Coronary3
Chronic heart f8
Interventions5
  • The purpose of this study was to determine whether diet and exercise interventions in those with IGT may delay the development of NIDDM, i.e., reduce the incidence of NIDDM, and thereby reduce the overall incidence of diabetic complications, such as cardiovascular, renal, and retinal disease, and the excess mortality attributable to these complications. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Objectives We sought to determine whether pharmacologic interventions changed exercise capacity, diastolic function, and mortality in a meta-analysis of trials in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. (onlinejacc.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Healthy individuals who develop low back pain (LBP) during standing (standing intolerant) respond favorably to stabilization-based exercise interventions. (iospress.com)
  • Longer-term exercise interventions revealed little effect to improve insulin sensitivity if changes in weight were prevented ( 16 ) or if changes in weight attained during increased physical activity are matched to those attained by restriction of calorie intake ( 17 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Diet and exercise interventions aiming to shift the energy balance towards negative by either decreasing caloric intake and/or increasing physical activity have shown to be effective for weight loss [ 3 ]. (mdpi.com)
Hemodynamic1
Functional1
  • However, the extremely large variability of the improvement in this particular index of tolerance undermines the ability to make general inferences for the underlying functional improvement. (ersjournals.com)
Isosorbide dinitrate1
Aerobic Exercise2
Desaturation2
Improve5
Improvements5
Physical7
Mechanisms1
  • However, to the researchers' surprise, "non-shivering" mechanisms could not explain the cold-protection conferred by exercise in these mice. (uoguelph.ca)
Moderate3
Abnormalities1
Individuals4
Humans1
Heart15
Heart Failure: Check Your Symptoms and Signs
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Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization: A Meta-Analysis and... : Innovations:Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and...
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Side Effects & Benefits Of Malic Acid | Livestrong.com
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Oxidative Capacity and Exercise Tolerance in Ambulatory SMA - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
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Tolerance of chronic hypercapnia by the European eel Anguilla anguilla | Journal of Experimental Biology
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Exercise tolerance testing after myocardial infarction | Clinical | Nursing Times
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Physiological and clinical effects of diurnal noninvasive ventilation in hypercapnic COPD | European Respiratory Society
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Keep Your Fitness Goals on Track: ADHD-Friendly Exercise Tips
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Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation Report F2006-17 | NIOSH | CDC
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Enhanced Muscle Insulin Sensitivity After Contraction/Exercise Is Mediated by AMPK | Diabetes
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Punishing students with exercise is reckless political posturing
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Respiratory and sleep disorders in mucopolysaccharidosis | Springer for Research & Development
Respiratory and sleep disorders in mucopolysaccharidosis | Springer for Research & Development (rd.springer.com)
Metoprolol vs. atenolol
Metoprolol vs. atenolol (medicinenet.com)
Handbook of Nuclear Cardiology - Cardiac SPECT and Cardiac PET | Gary V. Heller | Springer
Handbook of Nuclear Cardiology - Cardiac SPECT and Cardiac PET | Gary V. Heller | Springer (springer.com)
Preventing Chronic Disease | Risk Factors for Chronic Disease in Viet Nam: A Review of the Literature - CDC
Preventing Chronic Disease | Risk Factors for Chronic Disease in Viet Nam: A Review of the Literature - CDC (cdc.gov)
Fat Plays a Vital Role After Exercise in Improving Glucose Tolerance
Fat Plays a Vital Role After Exercise in Improving Glucose Tolerance (medindia.net)