AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Selection, GeneticEvolution, MolecularGenetic DriftBiological EvolutionModels, GeneticPhylogenyGenetic VariationSuperstitionsTime FactorsSignal TransductionPersonnel Staffing and Scheduling Information SystemsSnailsBooksSequence Analysis, ProteinMolecular Sequence DataSequence AlignmentEducation, Medical, UndergraduateTextbooks as TopicAngiolymphoid Hyperplasia with EosinophiliaMoral DevelopmentShigella sonneiFluoroquinolonesDysentery, BacillaryShigellaShigella flexneriDNA GyraseReligion and ScienceReligious PhilosophiesMitochondria
Selection, Genetic
Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.
Evolution, Molecular
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
Genetic Drift
The fluctuation of the ALLELE FREQUENCY from one generation to the next.
Biological Evolution
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
Models, Genetic
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Genetic Variation
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
Superstitions
A belief or practice which lacks adequate basis for proof; an embodiment of fear of the unknown, magic, and ignorance.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Personnel Staffing and Scheduling Information Systems
Computer-based systems for use in personnel management in a facility, e.g., distribution of caregivers with relation to patient needs.
Snails
Marine, freshwater, or terrestrial mollusks of the class Gastropoda. Most have an enclosing spiral shell, and several genera harbor parasites pathogenic to man.
Books
Sequence Analysis, Protein
A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Education, Medical, Undergraduate
The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.
Textbooks as Topic
Books used in the study of a subject that contain a systematic presentation of the principles and vocabulary of a subject.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia
Solitary or multiple benign cutaneous nodules comprised of immature and mature vascular structures intermingled with endothelial cells and a varied infiltrate of eosinophils, histiocytes, lymphocytes, and mast cells.
Moral Development
The process by which individuals internalize standards of right and wrong conduct.
Shigella sonnei
A lactose-fermenting bacterium causing dysentery.
Fluoroquinolones
A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.
Dysentery, Bacillary
DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).
Shigella
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that ferments sugar without gas production. Its organisms are intestinal pathogens of man and other primates and cause bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY).
Shigella flexneri
A bacterium which is one of the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) and sometimes of infantile gastroenteritis.
DNA Gyrase
A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Gyrase binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting of two A and two B subunits. In the presence of ATP, gyrase is able to convert the relaxed circular DNA duplex into a superhelix. In the absence of ATP, supercoiled DNA is relaxed by DNA gyrase.
Religion and Science
Religious Philosophies
Sets of beliefs on the nature of the universe or Man.
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Characterization of an amphioxus paired box gene, AmphiPax2/5/8: developmental expression patterns in optic support cells, nephridium, thyroid-like structures and pharyngeal gill slits, but not in the midbrain-hindbrain boundary region. (1/24558)

On the basis of developmental gene expression, the vertebrate central nervous system comprises: a forebrain plus anterior midbrain, a midbrain-hindbrain boundary region (MHB) having organizer properties, and a rhombospinal domain. The vertebrate MHB is characterized by position, by organizer properties and by being the early site of action of Wnt1 and engrailed genes, and of genes of the Pax2/5/8 subfamily. Wada and others (Wada, H., Saiga, H., Satoh, N. and Holland, P. W. H. (1998) Development 125, 1113-1122) suggested that ascidian tunicates have a vertebrate-like MHB on the basis of ascidian Pax258 expression there. In another invertebrate chordate, amphioxus, comparable gene expression evidence for a vertebrate-like MHB is lacking. We, therefore, isolated and characterized AmphiPax2/5/8, the sole member of this subfamily in amphioxus. AmphiPax2/5/8 is initially expressed well back in the rhombospinal domain and not where a MHB would be expected. In contrast, most of the other expression domains of AmphiPax2/5/8 correspond to expression domains of vertebrate Pax2, Pax5 and Pax8 in structures that are probably homologous - support cells of the eye, nephridium, thyroid-like structures and pharyngeal gill slits; although AmphiPax2/5/8 is not transcribed in any structures that could be interpreted as homologues of vertebrate otic placodes or otic vesicles. In sum, the developmental expression of AmphiPax2/5/8 indicates that the amphioxus central nervous system lacks a MHB resembling the vertebrate isthmic region. Additional gene expression data for the developing ascidian and amphioxus nervous systems would help determine whether a MHB is a basal chordate character secondarily lost in amphioxus. The alternative is that the MHB is a vertebrate innovation.  (+info)

Molecular chaperones: small heat shock proteins in the limelight. (2/24558)

Small heat shock proteins have been the Cinderellas of the molecular chaperone world, but now the crystal structure of a small heat shock protein has been solved and mutation of two human homologues implicated in genetic disease. Intermediate filaments appear to be one of the key targets of their chaperone activity.  (+info)

Insect evolution: Redesigning the fruitfly. (3/24558)

Homeotic mutations in Drosophila can result in dramatic phenotypes that suggest the possibility for rapid morphological evolution, but dissection of the genetic pathway downstream of Ultrabithorax is beginning to reveal how wing morphology may have evolved by more gradual transformations.  (+info)

Ultrabithorax function in butterfly wings and the evolution of insect wing patterns. (4/24558)

BACKGROUND: . The morphological and functional evolution of appendages has played a critical role in animal evolution, but the developmental genetic mechanisms underlying appendage diversity are not understood. Given that homologous appendage development is controlled by the same Hox gene in different organisms, and that Hox genes are transcription factors, diversity may evolve from changes in the regulation of Hox target genes. Two impediments to understanding the role of Hox genes in morphological evolution have been the limited number of organisms in which Hox gene function can be studied and the paucity of known Hox-regulated target genes. We have therefore analyzed a butterfly homeotic mutant 'Hindsight', in which portions of the ventral hindwing pattern are transformed to ventral forewing identity, and we have compared the regulation of target genes by the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene product in Lepidopteran and Dipteran hindwings. RESULTS: . We show that Ubx gene expression is lost from patches of cells in developing Hindsight hindwings, correlating with changes in wing pigmentation, color pattern elements, and scale morphology. We use this mutant to study how regulation of target genes by Ubx protein differs between species. We find that several Ubx-regulated genes in the Drosophila haltere are not repressed by Ubx in butterfly hindwings, but that Distal-less (Dll) expression is regulated by Ubx in a unique manner in butterflies. CONCLUSIONS: . The morphological diversification of insect hindwings has involved the acquisition of different sets of target genes by Ubx in different lineages. Changes in Hox-regulated target gene sets are, in general, likely to underlie the morphological divergence of homologous structures between animals.  (+info)

Molecular phylogeny of the ETS gene family. (5/24558)

We have constructed a molecular phylogeny of the ETS gene family. By distance and parsimony analysis of the ETS conserved domains we show that the family containing so far 29 different genes in vertebrates can be divided into 13 groups of genes namely ETS, ER71, GABP, PEA3, ERG, ERF, ELK, DETS4, ELF, ESE, TEL, YAN, SPI. Since the three dimensional structure of the ETS domain has revealed a similarity with the winged-helix-turn-helix proteins, we used two of them (CAP and HSF) to root the tree. This allowed us to show that the family can be divided into five subfamilies: ETS, DETS4, ELF, TEL and SPI. The ETS subfamily comprises the ETS, ER71, GABP, PEA3, ERG, ERF and the ELK groups which appear more related to each other than to any other ETS family members. The fact that some members of these subfamilies were identified in early metazoans such as diploblasts and sponges suggests that the diversification of ETS family genes predates the diversification of metazoans. By the combined analysis of both the ETS and the PNT domains, which are conserved in some members of the family, we showed that the GABP group, and not the ERG group, is the one most closely related to the ETS group. We also observed that the speed of accumulation of mutations in the various genes of the family is highly variable. Noticeably, paralogous members of the ELK group exhibit strikingly different evolutionary speed suggesting that the evolutionary pressure they support is very different.  (+info)

Anopheles gambiae Ag-STAT, a new insect member of the STAT family, is activated in response to bacterial infection. (6/24558)

A new insect member of the STAT family of transcription factors (Ag-STAT) has been cloned from the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. The domain involved in DNA interaction and the SH2 domain are well conserved. Ag-STAT is most similar to Drosophila D-STAT and to vertebrate STATs 5 and 6, constituting a proposed ancient class A of the STAT family. The mRNA is expressed at all developmental stages, and the protein is present in hemocytes, pericardial cells, midgut, skeletal muscle and fat body cells. There is no evidence of transcriptional activation following bacterial challenge. However, bacterial challenge results in nuclear translocation of Ag-STAT protein in fat body cells and induction of DNA-binding activity that recognizes a STAT target site. In vitro treatment with pervanadate (vanadate and H2O2) translocates Ag-STAT to the nucleus in midgut epithelial cells. This is the first evidence of direct participation of the STAT pathway in immune responses in insects.  (+info)

Analysis of a ubiquitous promoter element in a primitive eukaryote: early evolution of the initiator element. (7/24558)

Typical metazoan core promoter elements, such as TATA boxes and Inr motifs, have yet to be identified in early-evolving eukaryotes, underscoring the extensive divergence of these organisms. Towards the identification of core promoters in protists, we have studied transcription of protein-encoding genes in one of the earliest-diverging lineages of Eukaryota, that represented by the parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis. A highly conserved element, comprised of a motif similar to a metazoan initiator (Inr) element, surrounds the start site of transcription in all examined T. vaginalis genes. In contrast, a metazoan-like TATA element appears to be absent in trichomonad promoters. We demonstrate that the conserved motif found in T. vaginalis protein-encoding genes is an Inr promoter element. This trichomonad Inr is essential for transcription, responsible for accurate start site selection, and interchangeable between genes, demonstrating its role as a core promoter element. The sequence requirements of the trichomonad Inr are similar to metazoan Inrs and can be replaced by a mammalian Inr. These studies show that the Inr is a ubiquitous, core promoter element for protein-encoding genes in an early-evolving eukaryote. Functional and structural similarities between this protist Inr and the metazoan Inr strongly indicate that the Inr promoter element evolved early in eukaryotic evolution.  (+info)

The nuclear receptor superfamily has undergone extensive proliferation and diversification in nematodes. (8/24558)

The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily is the most abundant class of transcriptional regulators encoded in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome, with >200 predicted genes revealed by the screens and analysis of genomic sequence reported here. This is the largest number of NR genes yet described from a single species, although our analysis of available genomic sequence from the related nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae indicates that it also has a large number. Existing data demonstrate expression for 25% of the C. elegans NR sequences. Sequence conservation and statistical arguments suggest that the majority represent functional genes. An analysis of these genes based on the DNA-binding domain motif revealed that several NR classes conserved in both vertebrates and insects are also represented among the nematode genes, consistent with the existence of ancient NR classes shared among most, and perhaps all, metazoans. Most of the nematode NR sequences, however, are distinct from those currently known in other phyla, and reveal a previously unobserved diversity within the NR superfamily. In C. elegans, extensive proliferation and diversification of NR sequences have occurred on chromosome V, accounting for > 50% of the predicted NR genes.  (+info)

Darwins God: Evolutionists are Doubling Down on De Novo Gene EvolutionDarwins God: Evolutionists are Doubling Down on De Novo Gene Evolution
That is absurd. Even evolutionists are now agreeing that what they once rejected as impossible, and then grudgingly admitted as rare, now must be treated as a significant mode of the origins of new genes. As Light, Basile and Elofsson write in their 2014 review which I referenced, It has even been proposed that the creation of novel genes, a continuous process where most de novo genes are short-lived, is as frequent as gene duplications. Likewise Neme and Tautz explain, there is now rapidly increasing evidence that de novo evolution of transcripts and genes is not only a theoretical possibility, but might even have been a rather active process throughout evolution. And even Zimmer admitted in the NY Times piece, Far from being a fluke, these studies suggest that de novo genes are abundant. Nick you have an ax to grind that wont let acknowledge the clear evidence ...
http://darwins-god.blogspot.com/2014/09/evolutionists-are-doubling-down-on-de.html
Sandwalk: October 2019Sandwalk: October 2019
De novo genes are new genes that arise spontaneously from junk DNA [De novo gene birth]. The frequency of de novo gene creation is important for an understanding of evolution. If its a frequent event, then species with a large amount of junk DNA might have a selective advantage over species with less junk DNA, especially in a changing environment.. Last week I read a short Nature article on de novo genes [Levy, 2019] and I think the subject deserves more attention. Most new genes in a species appear to arise by gene duplication and subsequent divergence but de novo genes are genes that are unrelated to genes in any other clade so we can assume that they are created from junk DNA that accidentally becomes associated with a promoter causing the DNA to be transcribed. A new gene is formed if the RNA acquires a function. If the transcript contains an open reading frame then it may be translated to produce a polypeptide and if the polypeptide performs a new function then the resulting de novo gene ...
https://sandwalk.blogspot.com/2019/10/
Inference of Distribution of Fitness Effects and Proportion of Adaptive Substitutions from Polymorphism DataInference of Distribution of Fitness Effects and Proportion of Adaptive Substitutions from Polymorphism Data
The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) encompasses the fraction of deleterious, neutral, and beneficial mutations. It conditions the evolutionary trajectory of populations, as well as the rate of adaptive molecular evolution (alpha). Inferring DFE and a from patterns of polymorphism, as given through the site frequency spectrum (SFS) and divergence data, has been a longstanding goal of evolutionary genetics. A widespread assumption shared by previous inference methods is that beneficial mutations only contribute negligibly to the polymorphism data. Hence, a DFE comprising only deleterious mutations tends to be estimated from SFS data, and alpha is then predicted by contrasting the SFS with divergence data from an outgroup. We develop a hierarchical probabilistic framework that extends previous methods to infer DFE and alpha from polymorphism data alone. We use extensive simulations to examine the performance of our method. While an outgroup is still needed to obtain an unfolded SFS, we show ...
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1182010
Graduate Student (PhD) positions are available in Dr. Eirin-Lopezs Chromatin Structure & Evolution Lab - PhDpositionGraduate Student (PhD) positions are available in Dr. Eirin-Lopezs Chromatin Structure & Evolution Lab - PhDposition
Graduate Student (PhD) positions are available in Dr. Eirin-Lopezs Chromatin Structure & Evolution Lab at the Department of Biological Sciences in Florida International University (biology.fiu.edu) starting in Fall 2015.. We are looking for enthusiastic, dynamic and independent students broadly interested in studying the interface between evolution, epigenetics and adaptation. Students would ideally have a B.S. degree in Biology or related discipline (academic training in biology, statistics, genetics and evolution) and must be proficient in English (both spoken and written). Candidates with additional knowledge on computer science and/or bioinformatics are encouraged to apply. Our research addresses the study of chromatin and epigenetics from different perspectives, most notably evolution, development and adaptation. To this end we use marine invertebrates as model systems in the lab, as well as a wide range of eukaryote groups in molecular evolutionary analyses. Our current projects combine ...
https://phdposition.com/positions/graduate-student-phd-positions-are-available-in-dr-eirin-lopezs-chromatin-structure-evolution-lab
Reduced efficacy of selection in regions of the Drosophila genome that lack crossing over | Genome Biology | Full TextReduced efficacy of selection in regions of the Drosophila genome that lack crossing over | Genome Biology | Full Text
The recombinational environment is predicted to influence patterns of protein sequence evolution through the effects of Hill-Robertson interference among linked sites subject to selection. In freely recombining regions of the genome, selection should more effectively incorporate new beneficial mutations, and eliminate deleterious ones, than in regions with low rates of genetic recombination. We examined the effects of recombinational environment on patterns of evolution using a genome-wide comparison of Drosophila melanogaster and D. yakuba. In regions of the genome with no crossing over, we find elevated divergence at nonsynonymous sites and in long introns, a virtual absence of codon usage bias, and an increase in gene length. However, we find little evidence for differences in patterns of evolution between regions with high, intermediate, and low crossover frequencies. In addition, genes on the fourth chromosome exhibit more extreme deviations from regions with crossing over than do other, no
https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2007-8-2-r18/figures/1
Welcome to Bgee: a dataBase for Gene Expression EvolutionWelcome to Bgee: a dataBase for Gene Expression Evolution
Bgee allows to automatically compare gene expression patterns between species, by referencing expression data on anatomical ontologies, and designing homology relationships between them.
https://bgee.org/
Patterns of evolutionary constraints on genes in humans | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full TextPatterns of evolutionary constraints on genes in humans | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full Text
Genotyping and sequencing of a number of eukaryotic genomes provide us with an opportunity to study the temporal and functional character of evolutionary changes in metazoans. Here we provide a framework for identifying changes in evolutionary constraints on mutated positions in the human genome. Due to lack of SNP data, in the current analysis we captured only higher order patterns at the level of functional categories. But upon availability of resequencing data, using BaseDiver it is possible to achieve higher resolution. In this work we restricted the use of BaseDiver to coding regions only, where most of the base positions are under selection and the effects of hitchhiking are small, it can be used to identify changes in constraints in non-coding regions as well.. Recently outliers of evolutionary patterns like ultra-conserved elements in higher eukaryotes and highly accelerated regions in humans have been identified [4, 7]; here we attempt to capture the comprehensive spectrum of evolution ...
https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-8-275
Synonymous substitution rates predict HIV disease progression as a result of underlying replication dynamics - Oxford Big Data...Synonymous substitution rates predict HIV disease progression as a result of underlying replication dynamics - Oxford Big Data...
Upon HIV transmission, some patients develop AIDS in only a few months, while others remain disease free for 20 or more years. This variation in the rate of disease progression is poorly understood and has been attributed to host genetics, host immune responses, co-infection, viral genetics, and adaptation. Here, we develop a new relaxed-clock phylogenetic method to estimate absolute rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution through time. We identify an unexpected association between the synonymous substitution rate of HIV and disease progression parameters. Since immune activation is the major determinant of HIV disease progression, we propose that this process can also determine viral generation times, by creating favourable conditions for HIV replication. These conclusions may apply more generally to HIV evolution, since we also observed an overall low synonymous substitution rate for HIV-2, which is known to be less pathogenic than HIV-1 and capable of tempering the detrimental effects of
https://www.bdi.ox.ac.uk/publications/210951
Molecular Evolution of the Drosophila Retinome: Exceptional Gene Gain in the Higher DipteraMolecular Evolution of the Drosophila Retinome: Exceptional Gene Gain in the Higher Diptera
Abstract: Using genomic information from mosquito, red flour beetle, honeybee, mouse, and sea anemone, we have studied the molecular evolution of 91 Drosophila genes involved in eye primordium determination, retinal differentiation, and phototransduction. Our results show that the majority of these gene sequences predate the diversification of endopterygote insects. However, all three functional groups contain a conspicuous fraction of evolutionarily younger genes, which originated by tandem duplication in the lineage leading to Drosophila, whereas gene duplications are rare in other insect lineages. We conclude that the retention of duplicated genes spiked during the early diversification of the higher Diptera possibly due to an extended period of exceptional population size reduction. Genetic data suggest that gene duplication played an important role in the evolution of visual performance in the fast flying higher Diptera by spatial or intracellular subfunctionalization. Developmental gene ...
https://scialert.net/asci/ascidetail.php?doi=mbe.2009.1273.1287&kw=
Searching For LUCA - The Last Universal Common Ancestor - AstrobiologySearching For LUCA - The Last Universal Common Ancestor - Astrobiology
Once they had finished their analysis, Bill Martins team was left with just 355 genes from the original 11,000, and they argue that these 355 definitely belonged to LUCA and can tell us something about how LUCA lived.. Such a small number of genes, of course, would not support life as we know it, and critics immediately latched onto this apparent gene shortage, pointing out that essential components capable of nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, for example, were missing. We didnt even have a complete ribosome, admits Martin.. However, their methodology required that they omit all genes that have undergone LGT, so had a ribosomal protein undergone LGT, it wouldnt be included in the list of LUCAs genes. They also speculated that LUCA could have gotten by using molecules in the environment to fill the functions of lacking genes, for example molecules that can synthesize amino acids. After all, says Martin, biochemistry at this early stage in lifes evolution was still primitive and all ...
http://astrobiology.com/2019/01/searching-for-luca---the-last-universal-common-ancestor.html
Survival and Innovation: The role of mutational robustness in evolutionSurvival and Innovation: The role of mutational robustness in evolution
Biological systems are resistant to perturbations caused by the environment and by the intrinsic noise of the system. Robustness to mutations is a particular aspect of robustness in which the phenotype is resistant to genotypic variation. Mutational robustness has been linked to the ability of the system to generate heritable genetic variation (a property known as evolvability). It is known that greater robustness leads to increased evolvability. Therefore, mechanisms that increase mutational robustness fuel evolvability. Two such mechanisms, molecular chaperones and gene duplication, have been credited with enormous importance in generating functional diversity through the increase of systems robustness to mutational insults. However, the way in which such mechanisms regulate robustness remains largely uncharacterized. In this review, I provide evidence in support of the role of molecular chaperones and gene duplication in innovation. Specifically, I present evidence that these mechanisms ...
https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/68256
Molecular evolution is not based on scientific author... - Michael Behe QuoteMolecular evolution is not based on scientific author... - Michael Behe Quote
Molecular evolution is not based on scientific authority. . . . There are assertions that such evolution occurred, but absolutely none are supported by pertinent experiments or calculations. Since no one knows molecular evolution by direct experience, and since there is no authority on which to base claims of knowledge, it can truly be said that . . . the assertion of Darwinian molecular evolution is merely bluster. - quote by Michael Behe on YourDictionary.
http://quotes.yourdictionary.com/author/michael-behe/610695
Edwards Lab: 2007Edwards Lab: 2007
Gene duplication and loss are predicted to be at least of the order of the substitution rate and are key contributors to the development of novel gene function and overall genome evolution. Although it has been established that proteins evolve more rapidly after gene duplication, we were interested in testing to what extent this reflects causation or association. Therefore, we investigated the rate of evolution prior to gene duplication in chordates. Two patterns emerged; firstly, branches, which are both preceded by a duplication and followed by a duplication, display an elevated rate of amino acid replacement. This is reflected in the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution (mean nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution rate ratio [Ka:Ks]) of 0.44 compared with branches preceded by and followed by a speciation (mean Ka:Ks of 0.23). The observed patterns suggest that there can be simultaneous alteration in the selection pressures on both gene duplication and amino acid ...
http://edwardslab.blogspot.co.uk/2007/
Molecular Evolution Core Open for Business | Staff Council | Georgia Institute of Technology | Atlanta, GAMolecular Evolution Core Open for Business | Staff Council | Georgia Institute of Technology | Atlanta, GA
How does nature make new things that have new functions? How does it make something simple into something more complex? Evolution.. In nature, evolution is manifested in the progression of changes in the genetic composition of all organisms over generations as they adapt to altered living conditions. Researchers have been studying natures process of change for more than a century in a desire to understand it and, in the lab, control or direct evolution at the molecular level at an unprecedented rate.. Molecular evolution (the process of evolution at the DNA, RNA, and protein level) emerged as a field in the 1960s, so its inevitable that the field itself has also evolved.. Over the past 30 years or so, scientists have figured out how to use some of the mechanisms that biology uses for evolution - extracting the tools for evolving molecules out of biological systems and putting them into the hands of laboratory investigators, says M.G. Finn, professor and chair in the School of Chemistry and ...
https://staffcouncil.gatech.edu/news/molecular-evolution-core-open-business
talks.cam : Accelerated substitution rates in non-coding sequence: Gene duplication, transcription factor binding site turnover...talks.cam : Accelerated substitution rates in non-coding sequence: Gene duplication, transcription factor binding site turnover...
If you have a question about this talk, please contact Xin Wang.. Differences in the gene regulatory network are hypothesized to contribute significantly to phenotypic divergence between and within species. Non-coding sequences with bursts of lineage-specific changes are promising candidates, because clusters of nearby substitutions are a hallmark of selection potentially modify evolutionarily conserved regulatory elements. Performing a comprehensive, genome-wide analysis, we find that genomic loci with high substitution rates in the human-chimp lineage are over-represented near genes that duplicated in the human-chimp ancestor. We also developed a method to screen for nucleotide substitutions predicted to affect transcription factor binding. Rates of binding site divergence are elevated in non-coding sequences near duplicated loci with accelerated substitution rates. Finally, GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) is a non-adaptive, recombination-associated explanation for accelerated substitution ...
http://www.talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/25388
Experimental Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour (EXEB): Meeting Nov 24th: sex-bias, X-linkage, and rates of evolutionExperimental Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour (EXEB): Meeting Nov 24th: sex-bias, X-linkage, and rates of evolution
Abstract: A faster rate of adaptive evolution of X-linked genes compared with autosomal genes may be caused by the fixation of new recessive or partially recessive advantageous mutations (the Faster-X effect). This effect is expected to be largest for mutations that affect only male fitness and absent for mutations that affect only female fitness. We tested these predictions in Drosophila melanogaster by using genes with different levels of sex-biased expression and by estimating the extent of adaptive evolution of non-synonymous mutations from polymorphism and divergence data. We detected both a Faster-X effect and an effect of male-biased gene expression. There was no evidence for a strong association between the two effects-modest levels of male-biased gene expression increased the rate of adaptive evolution on both the autosomes and the X chromosome, but a Faster-X effect occurred for both unbiased genes and female-biased genes. The rate of genetic recombination did not influence the ...
https://exeblund.blogspot.com/2015/11/meeting-nov-24th-sex-bias-x-linkage-and.html
Does The E. Coli Long-term Evolution Experiment Evolution - Best all time threads. - Evolution Fairytale ForumDoes The E. Coli Long-term Evolution Experiment Evolution - Best all time threads. - Evolution Fairytale Forum
Page 1 of 5 - Does The E. Coli Long-term Evolution Experiment Evolution - posted in Best all time threads.: The E. Coli long-term evolution experiment is an ongoing study led by Richard Lenski. The study tracks genetic changes in 12 initially nearly identical populations of asexual Escherichia coli bacteria. The experiment started on February 24, 1988 and on February 14, 2010 the populations reached the milestone of 50,000 generations.QUESTIONS:What implications does this study have on the...
http://evolutionfairytale.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=3234
Functionally Tolerable Mutations Incorporated in Proteins Guides the Evolution Process | MedCraveFunctionally Tolerable Mutations Incorporated in Proteins Guides the Evolution Process | MedCrave
Evolution is defined as adapted set of positively favorable changes across successive generations in heritable characteristics of different biological species [1]. It often imposes divergence in the organisms at every evolutionary level, be it genetic or epigenetic [2]. Canalization thus study the genotypic variants contributing to the similar phenotype [3]. Hence irrespective of genotypes, genetic alterations assisting the individuals phenotype solely guides the evolutionary adaptation. In this regard, the molecular clock hypothesis proposed by Zuckerkandl & Pauling [4] seems to be correct. Sarich & Wilson [5,6] also demonstrated the divergence of humans and apes approximately 5 million years ago through the same hypothesis. Evolutionary factors Evolution being highly dimensional phenomenon is almost impossible to explain simply. Even the mathematical analysis fails to correctly track the evolutionary rate in a population [7,8]. While diversions exist for every evolved factor among different ...
http://googlescholar.medcraveonline.com/scholars/article_fulltext/1710
The neutral theory is dead. Long live the neutral theory - Kreitman - 1996 - BioEssays - Wiley Online LibraryThe neutral theory is dead. Long live the neutral theory - Kreitman - 1996 - BioEssays - Wiley Online Library
The neutral theory of molecular evolution has been instrumental in organizing our thinking about the nature of evolutionary forces shaping variation at the DNA level. More importantly, it has provided empiricists with a strong set of testable predictions and hence, a useful null hypothesis against which to test for the presence of selection. Evidence indicates that the neutral theory cannot explain key features of protein evolution nor patterns of biased codon usage in certain species. Whereas we now have a reasonable model of selection acting on synonymous changes in Drosophila, protein evolution remains poorly understood. Despite limitations in the applicability of the neutral theory, it is likely to remain an integral part of the quest to understand molecular evolution. ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.950180812/abstract?globalMessage=0
Free Expression: Perspecitves on Molecular Evolution, CalTechFree Expression: Perspecitves on Molecular Evolution, CalTech
Transcript of 1963 Macy Conference The Fifth Macy Conference on Genetics, held November 3-6, 1963 at Princeton University, brought together several well-known geneticists of that time period to discuss important issues in population genetics. This conference took place just before the emergence of the field of molecular evolution. Attendees included: Walter Bodmer, James Crow, Everett Dempster, Theodosius Dobzhansky, L.C. Dunn, Barry Falconer, Dick Lewontin, Howard Levene, H.J. Muller, James Neel, Bruce Wallace, and Jack Schull, among others. The format of the conference was short individual presentations followed by an informal free-for-all discussion. Fortunately, a stenographer was present throughout the conference to preserve the interactions of these scientists. We have posted the entire transcript, dividing it up by sessions. Although we have only listed the paper titles, there is extensive discussion and debate among the scientists recorded throughout the transcript. (To get to the Table ...
http://free--expression.blogspot.com/2007/10/perspecitves-on-molecular-evolution.html
Convergent EvolutionConvergent Evolution
TheInfoList.com - (Convergent_evolution) CONVERGENT EVOLUTION is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION Convergent evolution creates ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy
http://theinfolist.com/php/SummaryGet.php?FindGo=Convergent_evolution
Is the rate of insertion and deletion mutation male-biased? - Molecular evolutionary analysis of avian and primate sex...Is the rate of insertion and deletion mutation male-biased? - Molecular evolutionary analysis of avian and primate sex...
Is the rate of insertion and deletion mutation male-biased? - Molecular evolutionary analysis of avian and primate sex chromosome sequence. ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:76309
molecular evolution na Saraivamolecular evolution na Saraiva
Encontre molecular evolution com ótimos preços e condições na Saraiva. Temos Molecular Systematics and Plant Evolution, Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics e muito mais.
https://busca.saraiva.com.br/q/molecular+evolution
Evolution and coexistence in response to a key innovation in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli | Haldanes...Evolution and coexistence in response to a key innovation in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli | Haldanes...
Evolution and coexistence in response to a key innovation in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli Caroline B. Turner, Zachary D. Blount, Daniel H. Mitchell, Richard E. Lenski doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/020958 Evolution of a novel function can greatly alter the effects of an organism on its environment. These environmental changes can, in turn, affect the…
https://haldanessieve.org/2015/06/18/evolution-and-coexistence-in-response-to-a-key-innovation-in-a-long-term-evolution-experiment-with-escherichia-coli/
Domain Duplication and Gene Elongation | The Makova Lab at Penn StateDomain Duplication and Gene Elongation | The Makova Lab at Penn State
Abstract A protein domain is a well-defined region within a protein that performs a specific function. Thus duplication of a protein domain may enhance the function of the protein. The fact that many extant proteins contain duplicated domains suggests that present-day complex proteins have evolved from simple proteins mainly via domain duplication.
http://www.bx.psu.edu/makova_lab/publication/2006-07-els/
List of Accepted Software DemosList of Accepted Software Demos
The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions, known as the Ka/Ks ratio,is used to estimate both purifying and positive Darwinian selection.A Ka/Ks ratio significantly greater than 1 is indicative of positive selection, whereas values significantly smaller than 1 are indicative of purifying selection.We present an algorithmic web-based tool which calculates the Ka/Ks ratio for each codon site in a codon-based multiple sequence alignment (Doron-Faigenboim et al. 2005;Stern et al.2006).Selecton implements both an empirical Bayesian algorithm (Yang et al.2000)as well as a maximum-likelihood algorithm (Goldman and Yang 1994),which the user may choose (the default algorithm is the Bayesian one).On the one hand,through its user-friendly interface Selecton enables simplicity of use for non-expert users.The minimal input to the server consists of merely a file of homologous DNA coding sequences.On the other hand,Selecton further implements a wide variety of user options which enable maximal ...
http://www.eccb06.org/new_pages/program/accepted_sw.html
The COG database: an updated version includes eukaryotes | BMC Bioinformatics | Full TextThe COG database: an updated version includes eukaryotes | BMC Bioinformatics | Full Text
The rapid accumulation of genome sequences is a major challenge to researchers attempting to extract the maximum functional and evolutionary information from the new genomes. To avoid informational overflow from the constant influx of new genome sequences, a comprehensive evolutionary classification of the genes from all sequenced genomes is required. Such classifications are based on two fundamental notions from evolutionary biology: orthology and paralogy, which describe the two fundamentally different types of homologous relationships between genes [1-4]. Orthologs are homologous genes derived by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene in the last common ancestor of the compared species. Paralogs, in contrast, are homologous genes, which, at some stage of evolution of the respective gene family, have evolved by duplication of an ancestral gene. The notions of orthology and paralogy are intimately linked because, if a duplication (s) occurred after the speciation event that separated the ...
https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2105-4-41
Difference between revisions of Main Page - MolEvolDifference between revisions of Main Page - MolEvol
MBLs Workshop on Molecular Evolution is the most prestigious workshop serving the field of evolutionary studies. Founded in 1988, it is the longest-running workshop if its kind, and it has earned worldwide recognition for its rich and intensive learning experience. Students work closely with internationally-recognized scientists, receiving (i) high-level instruction in the principles of molecular evolution and evolutionary genomics, (ii) advanced training in statistical methods best suited to modern datasets, and (iii) hands-on experience with the latest software tools (often from the authors of the programs they are using). The material is delivered via lectures, discussions, and bioinformatic exercises motivated by contemporary topics in molecular evolution. A hallmark of this workshop is the direct interaction between students and field-leading scientists. The workshop serves graduate students, postdocs, and established faculty from around the world seeking to apply the principles of ...
https://molevol.mbl.edu/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=6210&oldid=5459
Difference between revisions of Main Page - MolEvolDifference between revisions of Main Page - MolEvol
MBLs Workshop on Molecular Evolution is the most prestigious workshop serving the field of evolutionary studies. Founded in 1988, it is the longest-running workshop if its kind, and it has earned worldwide recognition for its rich and intensive learning experience. Students work closely with internationally-recognized scientists, receiving (i) high-level instruction in the principles of molecular evolution and evolutionary genomics, (ii) advanced training in statistical methods best suited to modern datasets, and (iii) hands-on experience with the latest software tools (often from the authors of the programs they are using). The material is delivered via lectures, discussions, and bioinformatic exercises motivated by contemporary topics in molecular evolution. A hallmark of this workshop is the direct interaction between students and field-leading scientists. The workshop serves graduate students, postdocs, and established faculty from around the world seeking to apply the principles of ...
https://molevol.mbl.edu/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=6210&oldid=5387
Virulence and Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection: An Evolutionary Perspective - LSTM Online ArchiveVirulence and Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection: An Evolutionary Perspective - LSTM Online Archive
Why some individuals develop AIDS rapidly whereas others remain healthy without treatment for many years remains a central question of HIV research. An evolutionary perspective reveals an apparent conflict between two levels of selection on the virus. On the one hand, there is rapid evolution of the virus in the host, and on the other, new observations indicate the existence of virus factors that affect the virulence of infection whose influence persists over years in infected individuals and across transmission events. Here, we review recent evidence that shows that viral genetic factors play a larger role in modulating disease severity than anticipated. We propose conceptual models that reconcile adaptive evolution at both levels of selection. Evolutionary analysis provides new insight into HIV pathogenesis.. ...
http://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/4443/
Errors In Protein Structure Sparked Evolution Of Biological Complexity - RedorbitErrors In Protein Structure Sparked Evolution Of Biological Complexity - Redorbit
Packing flaws create sticky, interactive proteins that spread in small populations. Over four billion years of evolution, plants and animals grew far more complex than their single-celled ancestors. But a new comparison of proteins shared across species finds that complex organisms, including humans, have accumulated structural weaknesses that may have actually launched the long journey from microbe to man.. The study, published in Nature, suggests that the random introduction of errors into proteins, rather than traditional natural selection, may have boosted the evolution of biological complexity. Flaws in the packing of proteins that make them more unstable in water could have promoted protein interactions and intracellular teamwork, expanding the possibilities of life.. Everybody wants to say that evolution is equivalent to natural selection and that things that are sophisticated and complex have been absolutely selected for, said study co-author Ariel Fernández, PhD, a visiting ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/2051087/errors_in_protein_structure_sparked_evolution_of_biological_complexity/
Darwin & Anthrax…. The Beauty of The Theory Of Evolution! ! - BiotechwizDarwin & Anthrax…. The Beauty of The Theory Of Evolution! ! - Biotechwiz
On the Evolution of Species was published in the year 1859 and it went on to becoming one of the most influential books of the time. The theory came to be widely accepted by the scientific community and overthrew many other popular streams of thought and Philosophy on evolution. Many of these theories had theological bases. The strong scientific backing of Darwins ideas convinced most people about the soundness of his theory. Although as the body of scientific knowledge grew and more and more data on obscure species emerged, the Darwinian thought has been challenged more than once, the theory of evolution remains the single most important thought behind our attempts to explain our evolution on this planet. Today there are groups of scientists who have put Darwin in the perspective of genes, namely have explained or tried to the evolution of species in terms of genetics. This new breed of Darwinism has come to be known as Neo-Darwinism. Richard Dawkins is arguably the most well-known and witty ...
http://biotechwiz.com/?p=524
Molecular evolution of a developmental pathway: Phylogenetic analyses of transforming growth factor-β family ligands, receptors...Molecular evolution of a developmental pathway: Phylogenetic analyses of transforming growth factor-β family ligands, receptors...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular evolution of a developmental pathway. T2 - Phylogenetic analyses of transforming growth factor-β family ligands, receptors and Smad signal transducers. AU - Newfeld, Stuart. AU - Wisotzkey, Robert G.. AU - Kumar, Sudhir. PY - 1999/6/1. Y1 - 1999/6/1. N2 - Intercellular signaling by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) proteins coordinates developmental decisions in many organisms. A receptor complex and Smad signal transducers are required for proper responses to TGF- β signals. We have taken a phylogenetic approach to understanding the developmental evolutionary history of TGF-β signaling pathways. We were interested in detecting evolutionary influences among the physically interacting multigene families encoding TGF-β ligands, receptors, and Smads. Our analyses included new ligands and Smads identified from genomic sequence as well as the newest published family members. From an evolutionary perspective we find that (I) TGF-β pathways do not predate the ...
https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/molecular-evolution-of-a-developmental-pathway-phylogenetic-analy
Adaptive protein divergence of BMP ligands takes place under developmental and evolutionary constraints | DevelopmentAdaptive protein divergence of BMP ligands takes place under developmental and evolutionary constraints | Development
The significance of N-glycosylation of the TGF-β-type ligands has been studied previously. For example, N-glycosylation of the BMP2 prodomain affects the folding and secretion of ligands, and non-glycosylated BMP2 and BMP6 produced in bacterial cells appear to be less active than the glycosylated ligands (Schmoekel et al., 2004; Saremba et al., 2008; van de Watering et al., 2012; Hang et al., 2014). Addition of an N-glycosylation motif in Nodal changes the stability of ligands, resulting in an increased signaling range (Le Good et al., 2005). These facts suggest that N-glycosylation of ligands may play significant roles in vivo. However, these roles have been largely unexplored because of a lack of in vivo model systems. By employing both in vivo studies and cell-based experiments, we investigated how N-glycosylation modifications of the BMP-type ligands impact developmental processes. The in vivo rescue experiments revealed that these motifs are crucial for fly viability and are required to ...
http://dev.biologists.org/content/143/20/3742
Mutation effects predicted from sequence co-variation | Nature BiotechnologyMutation effects predicted from sequence co-variation | Nature Biotechnology
The global effects of epistasis on protein and RNA function are revealed by an unsupervised model of amino acid co-conservation in evolutionary sequence variation. Many high-throughput experimental technologies have been developed to assess the effects of large numbers of mutations (variation) on phenotypes. However, designing functional assays for these methods is challenging, and systematic testing of all combinations is impossible, so robust methods to predict the effects of genetic variation are needed. Most prediction methods exploit evolutionary sequence conservation but do not consider the interdependencies of residues or bases. We present EVmutation, an unsupervised statistical method for predicting the effects of mutations that explicitly captures residue dependencies between positions. We validate EVmutation by comparing its predictions with outcomes of high-throughput mutagenesis experiments and measurements of human disease mutations and show that it outperforms methods that do not account
https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.3769?error=cookies_not_supported&code=c7b5c3ac-0996-4581-a9e3-e20132b4e568
Genes | Free Full-Text | Reassessing Domain Architecture Evolution of Metazoan Proteins: Major Impact of Errors Caused by...Genes | Free Full-Text | Reassessing Domain Architecture Evolution of Metazoan Proteins: Major Impact of Errors Caused by...
In the accompanying paper (Nagy, Szláma, Szarka, Trexler, Bányai, Patthy, Reassessing Domain Architecture Evolution of Metazoan Proteins: Major Impact of Gene Prediction Errors) we showed that in the case of UniProtKB/TrEMBL, RefSeq, EnsEMBL and NCBIs GNOMON predicted protein sequences of Metazoan species the contribution of erroneous (incomplete, abnormal, mispredicted) sequences to domain architecture (DA) differences of orthologous proteins might be greater than those of true gene rearrangements. Based on these findings, we suggest that earlier genome-scale studies based on comparison of predicted (frequently mispredicted) protein sequences may have led to some erroneous conclusions about the evolution of novel domain architectures of multidomain proteins. In this manuscript we examine the impact of confusing paralogous and epaktologous multidomain proteins (i.e., those that are related only through the independent acquisition of the same domain types) on conclusions drawn about DA evolution of
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/2/3/516
Evidence for higher rates of nucleotide substitution in rodents than in man | PNASEvidence for higher rates of nucleotide substitution in rodents than in man | PNAS
When the coding regions of 11 genes from rodents (mouse or rat) and man are compared with those from another mammalian species (usually bovine), it is found that rodents evolve significantly faster than man. The ratio of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the rodent lineage to that in the human lineage since their divergence is 2.0 for synonymous substitutions and 1.3 for nonsynonymous substitutions. Rodents also evolve faster in the 5 and 3 untranslated regions of five different mRNAs; the ratios are 2.6 and 3.1, respectively. The numbers of nucleotide substitutions between members of the beta-globin gene family that were duplicated before the man-mouse split are also higher in mouse than in man. The difference is, again, greater for synonymous substitutions than for nonsynonymous substitutions. This tendency is more consistent with the neutralist view of molecular evolution than with the selectionist view. A simple explanation for the higher rates in rodents is that rodents have ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/82/6/1741?ijkey=1b32f0820532cee076231a00e9a1b9a6f5e76d04&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Life: The Science of Biology 11th Edition Chapter 23 - Evolution of Genes and Genomes - 23.4 - Molecular Evolution Has Many...Life: The Science of Biology 11th Edition Chapter 23 - Evolution of Genes and Genomes - 23.4 - Molecular Evolution Has Many...
Life: The Science of Biology 11th Edition answers to Chapter 23 - Evolution of Genes and Genomes - 23.4 - Molecular Evolution Has Many Practical Applications - 23.4 Recap - Learning Outcomes - Page 504 3 including work step by step written by community members like you. Textbook Authors: Sadava, David E.; Hillis, David M.; Heller, H. Craig; Hacker, Sally D. , ISBN-10: 1-31901-016-4, ISBN-13: 978-1-31901-016-4, Publisher: W. H. Freeman
https://www.gradesaver.com/textbooks/science/biology/life-the-science-of-biology-11th-edition/chapter-23-evolution-of-genes-and-genomes-23-4-molecular-evolution-has-many-practical-applications-23-4-recap-learning-outcomes-page-504/3
Sandwalk: On the unpredictability of evolution and potentiation in Lenskis long-term evolution experimentSandwalk: On the unpredictability of evolution and potentiation in Lenskis long-term evolution experiment
Key innovations in the history of life are often caused by the acquisition of a qualitatively new trait that is an evolutionary novelty which allows the exploitation of new resources or habitats and thus triggers an adaptive radiation. Such innovations are typically rare and difficult to predict because they result from complex nonadditive (i.e., epistatic) genetic interactions or ecological interactions, within or between species, that develop only over the course of long evolutionary trajectories. Evolution of a new trait can be conceptually divided into three steps: potentiation, actualization, and refinement. First, one or more potentiating events may be necessary to generate a genetic background or environmental conditions that make a new trait accessible to evolution. Genetic potentiation, for example, may involve a period of nonadaptive genetic drift wherein a phenotype stays constant or the accumulation of mutations that are immediately advantageous for reasons unrelated to the new ...
http://sandwalk.blogspot.ca/2014/01/on-unpredictability-of-evolution-and.html
Evidence of evolution - New World EncyclopediaEvidence of evolution - New World Encyclopedia
While the theory of descent with modification in the broad sense is supported, the conventional paradigm that the history of life maps as the tree of life-a tree beginning with one universal common ancestor as the trunk and then progressively branching, with modern species at the twig ends-is being re-drawn at both the base of the trunk and the branches. These revisions arise as scientists gain more understanding about the hidden world of microbes (unicellular organisms and viruses).. The great diversity, abundance, and ubiquity of the single-celled organisms (bacteria, archaea, and some protists) has gained widespread recognition in recent years, and considerable progress has been made in incorporating that knowledge into the story of evolution. In contrast, the place of viruses in the story of evolution remains much more speculative.. There are proposals that the tree of life instead of being simple at its base, may be considerably more complex. Sequencing the genomes of specific organisms ...
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Evidence_of_evolution
Slipped-strand mispairing: a major mechanism for DNA sequence evolution. - PubMed - NCBISlipped-strand mispairing: a major mechanism for DNA sequence evolution. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3328815?dopt=Abstract
Low nucleotide diversity in man. | GeneticsLow nucleotide diversity in man. | Genetics
The nucleotide diversity (pi) in humans is studied by using published cDNA and genomic sequences that have been carefully checked for sequencing accuracy. This measure of genetic variability is defined as the number of nucleotide differences per site between two randomly chosen sequences from a population. A total of more than 75,000 base pairs from 49 loci are compared. The DNA regions studied are the 5 and 3 untranslated regions and the amino acid coding regions. The coding regions are divided into nondegenerate sites (i.e., sites at which all possible changes are nonsynonymous), twofold degenerate sites (i.e., sites at each of which one of the three possible changes is synonymous) and fourfold degenerate sites (i.e., sites at which all three possible changes are synonymous). The pi values estimated are, respectively, 0.03 and 0.04% for the 5 and 3 UT regions, and 0.03, 0.06 and 0.11% for nondegenerate, twofold degenerate and fourfold degenerate sites. Since the highest pi value is only ...
http://www.genetics.org/content/129/2/513
A rticle The Rate of Molecular Adaptation in a Changing Environment - COREA rticle The Rate of Molecular Adaptation in a Changing Environment - CORE
It is currently unclear whether the amino acid substitutions that occur during protein evolution are primarily driven by adaptation, or reflect the random accumulation of neutral changes. When estimated from genomic data, the proportion of adaptive amino acid substitutions, called , was found to vary greatly across species, from nearly zero in humans to above 0.5 in Drosophila. These variations have been interpreted as reflecting differences in effective population size, adaptation being supposedly more efficient in large populations. Here, we investigate the influence of effective popu-lation size and other biological parameters on the rate of adaptive evolution by simulating the evolution of a coding sequence under Fishers geometric formalism. We explicitly model recurrent environmental changes and the subsequent adaptive walks, followed by periods of stasis during which purifying selection dominates. We show that, under a variety of conditions, the effective population size has only a ...
https://core.ac.uk/display/108052856
Protein 3D structure computed from evolutionary sequence variation. - PubMed - NCBIProtein 3D structure computed from evolutionary sequence variation. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22163331?dopt=Abstract
Stepwise Evolution of a Buried Inhibitor Peptide over 45 MyStepwise Evolution of a Buried Inhibitor Peptide over 45 My
The de novo evolution of genes and the novel proteins they encode has stimulated much interest in the contribution such innovations make to the diversity of life. Most research on this de novo evolution focuses on transcripts, so studies on the biochemical steps that can enable completely new protei …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28333296/
Increased Expression and Protein Divergence in Duplicate Genes Is Associated with Morphological DiversificationIncreased Expression and Protein Divergence in Duplicate Genes Is Associated with Morphological Diversification
Author Summary The relationship between morphological and molecular evolution is a central issue to the understanding of eukaryote evolution. In particular, there is much interest in how duplicate genes have contributed to morphological diversification during evolution. As a mechanism of functionalization of duplicate genes, differentiation of both gene expression and protein function are believed to be important. Although it has been reported that both expression and protein divergence tend to increase as a duplication ages, it is unclear whether expression or protein divergence in duplicate genes is greater in those genes that have undergone functionalization compared with those that have not. Here, we studied 492 duplicate gene pairs associated with various degrees of morphological diversification in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using these data, we found that the divergence of both expression and protein sequence were important sources for morphological diversification of duplicate genes. Although both
https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000781
Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. - ScienceOpenAdaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. - ScienceOpen
Proteins often differ in amino-acid sequence across species. This difference has evolved by the accumulation of neutral mutations by random drift, the fixation of adaptive mutations by selection, or a mixture of the two. Here we propose a simple statistical test of the neutral protein evolution hypothesis based on a comparison of the number of amino-acid replacement substitutions to synonymous substitutions in the coding region of a locus. If the observed substitutions are neutral, the ratio of replacement to synonymous fixed differences between species should be the same as the ratio of replacement to synonymous polymorphisms within species. DNA sequence data on the Adh locus (encoding alcohol dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.1) in three species in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup do not fit this expectation; instead, there are more fixed replacement differences between species than expected. We suggest that these excess replacement substitutions result from adaptive fixation of selectively ...
https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=eeff720e-7f56-435d-8295-52179449bb18
Evolution and functional divergence of the anoctamin family of membrane proteins | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full TextEvolution and functional divergence of the anoctamin family of membrane proteins | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full Text
Gene duplication provide a means to evolve novel biological functions and changes in protein functions may then provide different evolutionary constraints on duplicated genes. Functional divergence of a protein family can occur after major evolutionary events such as gene duplication or speciation. Some of them result in different evolutionary rates at certain amino acid residues, which is termed type I functional divergence [33, 34]. To estimate functional divergence in the vertebrate anoctamin family, we have conducted pair-wise functional divergence analysis between anoctamin paralogous genes using DIVERGE [35]. Table 1 shows the coefficient of functional divergence (θ) of pair-wise comparisons between the members of the anoctamin family. All comparisons showed θ , 0 with p , 0.05, suggesting that a site-specific rate shift after gene duplication is a common phenomenon in the evolution of the anoctamin family. Further analysis was subsequently focused on ano1/ano2, and ano1/ano4. Amino ...
https://0-bmcevolbiol-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-10-319
Clusters of orthologous genes for 41 archaeal genomes and implications for evolutionary genomics of archaea | Biology Direct |...Clusters of orthologous genes for 41 archaeal genomes and implications for evolutionary genomics of archaea | Biology Direct |...
An evolutionary classification of genes from sequenced genomes that distinguishes between orthologs and paralogs is indispensable for genome annotation and evolutionary reconstruction. Shortly after multiple genome sequences of bacteria, archaea, and unicellular eukaryotes became available, an attempt on such a classification was implemented in Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs). Rapid accumulation of genome sequences creates opportunities for refining COGs but also represents a challenge because of error amplification. One of the practical strategies involves construction of refined COGs for phylogenetically compact subsets of genomes. New Archaeal Clusters of Orthologous Genes (arCOGs) were constructed for 41 archaeal genomes (13 Crenarchaeota, 27 Euryarchaeota and one Nanoarchaeon) using an improved procedure that employs a similarity tree between smaller, group-specific clusters, semi-automatically partitions orthology domains in multidomain proteins, and uses profile searches for
https://biologydirect.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1745-6150-2-33/tables/3
Dissertation or Thesis | RNA structures and their molecular evolution in HIV: evolution of robustness in RNA structures and...Dissertation or Thesis | RNA structures and their molecular evolution in HIV: evolution of robustness in RNA structures and...
The known functions of RNA structures have expanded of late, such that RNA is considered a more active player in molecular biology. The presence of RNA secondary structure in a sequence should constrain evolution of its constituent nucleotides because of the requirement to maintain the base-pairing regions in the structure. In a previous work, we found support for this hypothesis in nine molecules from various organisms, the exception being a structure found in a protein-coding region of the HIV-1 genome. In this work, I examine the interaction of constraints imposed by RNA structures and host-induced hypermutation on molecular evolution in HIV-1. I conclude that RNA structures in HIV do evolve via compensatory evolution, but that hypermutation can obscure the expected signal. Since RNAs known roles have increased, so have the methods for identification and prediction of RNA structures in genetic sequence. I use a method adapted for searching in multiple coding regions to identify conserved RNA ...
https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/dissertations/1z40kt033
Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. - M...Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. - M...
Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila.: Proteins often differ in amino-acid sequence across species. This difference has evolved by the accu
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/adaptive-protein-evolution-adh-locus-drosophila-37ccd736
Molecular Evolution Core | Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceMolecular Evolution Core | Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
Certain techniques of molecular evolution - the generation and selection of functional molecules using biological mechanisms in the test tube - are well established, but still only used by laboratories expert in the art. Principal examples include directed evolution, SELEX, and yeast, bacterial and phage surface display selection methods. These techniques provide access to peptides and polynucleotides with an enormous range of properties. Many labs at Tech (and everywhere else) often want to gain access to these tools, but make do without them because it is too difficult and time consuming to get started.. The Molecular Evolution Core Facility is housed in two convenient locations for researchers across the biotechnology campus at Georgia Tech. One is an 800-sq.-ft. suite on the second floor of the Krone Engineered Biosystems Building and another is a multi-functional lab on the third floor of the Petit H. Parker Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience building . The purpose of the facility ...
http://petitinstitute.gatech.edu/research/molecular-evolution-core
Ancestral reconstruction - WikipediaAncestral reconstruction - Wikipedia
Ancestral reconstruction (also known as Character Mapping or Character Optimization) is the extrapolation back in time from measured characteristics of individuals (or populations) to their common ancestors. It is an important application of phylogenetics, the reconstruction and study of the evolutionary relationships among individuals, populations or species to their ancestors. In the context of evolutionary biology, ancestral reconstruction can be used to recover different kinds of ancestral character states of organisms that lived millions of years ago. These states include the genetic sequence (ancestral sequence reconstruction), the amino acid sequence of a protein, the composition of a genome (e.g., gene order), a measurable characteristic of an organism (phenotype), and the geographic range of an ancestral population or species (ancestral range reconstruction). This is desirable because it allows us to examine parts of phylogenetic trees corresponding to the distant past, clarifying the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestral_reconstruction
Updated clusters of orthologous genes for Archaea: a complex ancestor of the Archaea and the byways of horizontal gene transfer...Updated clusters of orthologous genes for Archaea: a complex ancestor of the Archaea and the byways of horizontal gene transfer...
Collections of Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COGs) provide indispensable tools for comparative genomic analysis, evolutionary reconstruction and functional annotation of new genomes. Initially, COGs were made for all complete genomes of cellular life forms that were available at the time. However, with the accumulation of thousands of complete genomes, construction of a comprehensive COG set has become extremely computationally demanding and prone to error propagation, necessitating the switch to taxon-specific COG collections. Previously, we reported the collection of COGs for 41 genomes of Archaea (arCOGs). Here we present a major update of the arCOGs and describe evolutionary reconstructions to reveal general trends in the evolution of Archaea. The updated version of the arCOG database incorporates 91% of the pangenome of 120 archaea (251,032 protein-coding genes altogether) into 10,335 arCOGs. Using this new set of arCOGs, we performed maximum likelihood reconstruction of the genome content of
https://biologydirect.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1745-6150-7-46/figures/6
Mysteries of Bony Fish Genome Evolution - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comMysteries of Bony Fish Genome Evolution - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
Gene loss pattern after teleost-specific whole genome duplication. Figure 2. Gene loss pattern after teleost-specific whole genome duplication.. A: Species tree showing major vertebrate groups and their evolutionary relationships.. B: The comparison of genomes between two species with the coloured lines showing corresponding genes between human and medaka (upper circle) and between zebrafish and medaka (lower circle). The structure is quite different between human and medaka, while it is similar between zebrafish and medaka.. C: Gene loss pattern showing the two-phase loss of duplicate genes in teleost fishes. A and C use the same timeline.. The results of this study suggest that approximately 80% of the duplicate genes were lost in the first 60 million years after the whole genome duplication event (Fig. 2C). Considering that the first vertebrates appeared on Earth about 500 million years ago (Fig. 2A), 60 million years is a very short time. Dr Inoue states that it is possible that genome ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/68691-mysteries-of-bony-fish-genome-evolution.html
The monosaccharide transporter gene family in land plants is ancient and shows differential subfamily expression and expansion...The monosaccharide transporter gene family in land plants is ancient and shows differential subfamily expression and expansion...
In plants, tandem, segmental and whole-genome duplications are prevalent, resulting in large numbers of duplicate loci. Recent studies suggest that duplicate genes diverge predominantly through the partitioning of expression and that breadth of gene expression is related to the rate of gene duplication and protein sequence evolution. Here, we utilize expressed sequence tag (EST) data to study gene duplication and expression patterns in the monosaccharide transporter (MST) gene family across the land plants. In Arabidopsis, there are 53 MST genes that form seven distinct subfamilies. We created profile hidden Markov models of each subfamily and searched EST databases representing diverse land plant lineages to address the following questions: 1) Are homologs of each Arabidopsis subfamily present in the earliest land plants? 2) Do expression patterns among subfamilies and individual genes within subfamilies differ across lineages? 3) Has gene duplication within each lineage resulted in lineage-specific
https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-6-64/figures/3
Antievolution.org - Antievolution.org Discussion Board -Topic::SilverswordsAntievolution.org - Antievolution.org Discussion Board -Topic::Silverswords
The disparity between rates of morphological and molecular evolution remains a key paradox in evolutionary genetics. A proposed resolution to this paradox has been the conjecture that morphological evolution proceeds via diversification in regulatory loci, and that phenotypic evolution may correlate better with regulatory gene divergence. This conjecture can be tested by examining rates of regulatory gene evolution in species that display rapid morphological diversification within adaptive radiations. We have isolated homologues to the Arabidopsis APETALA3 (ASAP3/TM6) and APETALA1 (ASAP1) floral regulatory genes and the CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN9 (ASCAB9) photosynthetic structural gene from species in the Hawaiian silversword alliance, a premier example of plant adaptive radiation. We have compared rates of regulatory and structural gene evolution in the Hawaiian species to those in related species of North American tarweeds. Molecular evolutionary analyses indicate significant increases ...
http://www.antievolution.org/cgi-bin/ikonboard/ikonboard.cgi?s=50af30f63afd3e59
Molecular Evolution Core Open for Business | Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceMolecular Evolution Core Open for Business | Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
How does nature make new things that have new functions? How does it make something simple into something more complex? Evolution.. In nature, evolution is manifested in the progression of changes in the genetic composition of all organisms over generations as they adapt to altered living conditions. Researchers have been studying natures process of change for more than a century in a desire to understand it and, in the lab, control or direct evolution at the molecular level at an unprecedented rate.. Molecular evolution (the process of evolution at the DNA, RNA, and protein level) emerged as a field in the 1960s, so its inevitable that the field itself has also evolved.. Over the past 30 years or so, scientists have figured out how to use some of the mechanisms that biology uses for evolution - extracting the tools for evolving molecules out of biological systems and putting them into the hands of laboratory investigators, says M.G. Finn, professor and chair in the School of Chemistry and ...
http://petitinstitute.gatech.edu/news/molecular-evolution-core-open-business
Foundation For Applied Molecular Evolution Postdoctoral Associate Salaries, Average Salary & Jobs PayFoundation For Applied Molecular Evolution Postdoctoral Associate Salaries, Average Salary & Jobs Pay
From millions of real job salary data. Foundation For Applied Molecular Evolution Postdoctoral Associate salary data. Average Foundation For Applied Molecular Evolution Postdoctoral Associate salary is Detailed Foundation For Applied Molecular Evolution Postdoctoral Associate starting salary, median salary, pay scale, bonus data report
http://www.salarylist.com/company/Foundation-For-Applied-Molecular-Evolution/Postdoctoral-Associate-Salary.htm
Factors underlying rapid reproductive protein evolution in DrosophilaFactors underlying rapid reproductive protein evolution in Drosophila
Biologists have long noted the tremendous diversity of behaviors, morphological traits and molecules involved in mating and reproduction. In this thesis, I investigate the molecular evolution of reproductive proteins in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, focusing on a class of ejaculate proteins known as accessory gland proteins (?Acps?). Previous work has documented extensive evidence for rapid, adaptive evolution of some Acps. It is generally thought that male-female interactions, e.g., sexual conflict and cryptic female choice, drive rapid Acp evolution, although evidence specifically favoring this hypothesis in D. melanogaster is limited. Here, I describe biochemical and structural studies on a particularly rapidly evolving Acp, ovulin. I argue that structural features of ovulin may contribute to its ability to tolerate high sequence diversity. I also investigate the molecular evolution of a class of Acps and female reproductive tract proteins that (I argue) are particularly likely to ...
https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/10754
Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVSPesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS
BACKGROUND: Although homologous recombination affects the efficacy of selection in populations, the pattern of recombination rate evolution and its effects on genome evolution across plants are largely unknown. Recombination can reduce genome size by enabling the removal of LTR retrotransposons, alter codon usage by GC biased gene conversion, contribute to complex histories of gene duplication and loss through tandem duplication, and enhance purifying selection on genes. Therefore, variation in recombination rate across species may explain some of the variation in genomic architecture as well as rates of molecular evolution. We used phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate the evolution of global meiotic recombination rate in angiosperms and its effects on genome architecture and selection at the molecular level using genetic maps and genome sequences from thirty angiosperm species. RESULTS: Recombination rate is negatively correlated with genome size, which is likely caused by the ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:%22Burleigh,%20J%20Gordon%22
Molecular Evolution of Viruses by Priyasma BhoumikMolecular Evolution of Viruses by Priyasma Bhoumik
Molecular evolution is the process of evolution at the scale of DNA, RNA and proteins. Our goal was to study molecular evolution of viruses with special reference to Influenza A Virus. The recent Influenza A/H1N1(2009) outbreak has been the focus of intense research because of its high level of infectivity across the globe. Analysis of nucleotide sequence polymorphism in the genomic segments encoding the two most immunologically important proteins of influenza A, neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA), showed that the H1N1 (2009) has resulted from the spread of an HA segment of recent origin and low diversity through a population of ancient and much more diverse NA segments. We also studied about the selection pattern of CTL epitope and CTL non-epitope regions of different proteins of Influenza and found that natural selection is the main pattern of selection with epitope regions being more conserved than non-epitope regions. This dissertation also focuses on implementation of a methodology to study
https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/314/
A hybrid micro-macroevolutionary approach to gene tree reconstruction. by Dannie Durand, Bjarni V. Halldórsson et al.A hybrid micro-macroevolutionary approach to gene tree reconstruction. by Dannie Durand, Bjarni V. Halldórsson et al.
Gene family evolution is determined by microevolutionary processes (e.g., point mutations) and macroevolutionary processes (e.g., gene duplication and loss), yet macroevolutionary considerations are rarely incorporated into gene phylogeny reconstruction methods. We present a dynamic program to find the most parsimonious gene family tree with respect to a macroevolutionary optimization criterion, the weighted sum of the number of gene duplications and losses. The existence of a polynomial delay algorithm for duplication/loss phylogeny reconstruction stands in contrast to most formulations of phylogeny reconstruction, which are NP-complete. We next extend this result to obtain a two-phase method for gene tree reconstruction that takes both micro- and macroevolution into account. In the first phase, a gene tree is constructed from sequence data, using any of the previously known algorithms for gene phylogeny construction. In the second phase, the tree is refined by rearranging regions of the tree that do
http://repository.cmu.edu/biology/36/
Estimating diversifying selection and functional constraint in the presence of recombination. - Oxford Big Data InstituteEstimating diversifying selection and functional constraint in the presence of recombination. - Oxford Big Data Institute
Models of molecular evolution that incorporate the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphism (dN/dS ratio) as a parameter can be used to identify sites that are under diversifying selection or functional constraint in a sample of gene sequences. However, when there has been recombination in the evolutionary history of the sequences, reconstructing a single phylogenetic tree is not appropriate, and inference based on a single tree can give misleading results. In the presence of high levels of recombination, the identification of sites experiencing diversifying selection can suffer from a false-positive rate as high as 90%. We present a model that uses a population genetics approximation to the coalescent with recombination and use reversible-jump MCMC to perform Bayesian inference on both the dN/dS ratio and the recombination rate, allowing each to vary along the sequence. We demonstrate that the method has the power to detect variation in the dN/dS ratio and the recombination rate and does not
https://www.bdi.ox.ac.uk/publications/69638/
Phylogenomics - WikipediaPhylogenomics - Wikipedia
Phylogenomics is the intersection of the fields of evolution and genomics. The term has been used in multiple ways to refer to analysis that involves genome data and evolutionary reconstructions. It is a group of techniques within the larger fields of phylogenetics and genomics. Phylogenomics draws information by comparing entire genomes, or at least large portions of genomes. Phylogenetics compares and analyzes the sequences of single genes, or a small number of genes, as well as many other types of data. Four major areas fall under phylogenomics: Prediction of gene function Establishment and clarification of evolutionary relationships Gene family evolution Prediction and retracing lateral gene transfer. When Jonathan Eisen originally coined phylogenomics, it applied to prediction of gene function. Before the use of phylogenomic techniques, predicting gene function was done primarily by comparing the gene sequence with the sequences of genes with known functions. When several genes with similar ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenomics
Metabolic modelling in a dynamic evolutionary framework predicts adaptive diversification of bacteria in a long-term evolution...Metabolic modelling in a dynamic evolutionary framework predicts adaptive diversification of bacteria in a long-term evolution...
Predicting adaptive trajectories is a major goal of evolutionary biology and useful for practical applications. Systems biology has enabled the development of genome-scale metabolic models. However, analysing these models via flux balance analysis (FBA) cannot predict many evolutionary outcomes including adaptive diversification, whereby an ancestral lineage diverges to fill multiple niches. Here we combine in silico evolution with FBA and apply this modelling framework, evoFBA, to a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. Simulations predicted the adaptive diversification that occurred in one experimental population and generated hypotheses about the mechanisms that promoted coexistence of the diverged lineages. We experimentally tested and, on balance, verified these mechanisms, showing that diversification involved niche construction and character displacement through differential nutrient uptake and altered metabolic regulation. The evoFBA framework represents a promising new way to
https://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-016-0733-x
Symposium: Genome Evolution inSymposium: Genome Evolution in
Symposium: Genome Evolution in Microbial Eukaryotes June 2nd, Smithfield Rhode Island To elucidate principles of eukaryotic genome evolution, we must increase studies of microbial eukaryotes. The bulk of eukaryotic diversity is microbial yet our current knowledge of eukaryotic genome evolution comes largely from studies of plants, animals and fungi. Our intention in this one-day symposium is to highlight recent achievements in understanding the diversity of eukaryotic genomes, and to expose relevant researchers to advances in techniques for both data acquisition and data analysis. Speakers and titles appear below. Travel funds are available for undergraduates, graduate students and postdocs. These funds will offset costs of those currently working on molecular evolution/genomics of microbial eukaryotes, and those switching into the field. Students and postdocs are encouraged to bring a poster of their work. For more information, visit: ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/protista/2004-March/001287.html
Phylogenomic analyses reveal convergent patterns of adaptive evolution in elephant and human ancestries | PNASPhylogenomic analyses reveal convergent patterns of adaptive evolution in elephant and human ancestries | PNAS
Often after natural selection increases the frequency of beneficial alleles in an evolving species, it then maintains the high frequency of these alleles by rejecting harmful or less beneficial alleles. This transformation of positive selection into purifying selection (35) is more likely to occur at nonsynonymous sites than at synonymous sites, where theory predicts synonymous substitutions steadily accumulate over time. Thus, considering the many millions of years of time involved in the descent of the elephant or tenrec lineage (about 78 Ma) and the human or mouse lineage (about 91 Ma), it is not surprising that ,1.4% of the thousands of genes examined have dN/dS ,1 (Table S4) and that the percentage of such likely positively selected genes is smallest for mouse (0.12%). To increase our chances of detecting gene sets that were likely targets of positive selection, we examined by the functional annotation clustering tool (30) the 5% of RefSeqs (389) with the more elevated dN/dS ratios, these ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/106/49/20824
Evolution of sex chromosomes and sex-biased gene expression | Department of BiologyEvolution of sex chromosomes and sex-biased gene expression | Department of Biology
Sex chromosomes have evolved from non-sex-determining chromosomes (autosomes) many times throughout the tree of life. Ever since their discovery, these chromosomes have captivated researchers because of their obvious involvement in fundamental aspects of an organisms life, such as sex determination, sexual reproduction and sexual conflicts. Despite this long-lasting fascination, their biology remains unclear in several central aspects, in particular regarding their almost ubiquitous evolution of recombination cessation and impoverished gene content, and the multifaceted consequences thereof. This lack of detailed knowledge about sex chromosome evolution compromises our understanding of fundamental biological questions (e.g. the evolution of sexual conflicts) as well as more practical ones (e.g. about sex-linked genetic diseases).. Our research focuses mainly on Sylvioidea passerine birds where we have recently detected a new sex chromosome, a neo-sex chromosome, which has been formed by a ...
https://www.biology.lu.se/research/research-groups/genetics-of-sex-differences/research-projects/evolution-of-sex-chromosomes-and-sex-biased-gene-expression
Genes | Free Full-Text | Ecological and Temporal Constraints in the Evolution of Bacterial Genomes | HTMLGenes | Free Full-Text | Ecological and Temporal Constraints in the Evolution of Bacterial Genomes | HTML
Studies on the experimental evolution of microorganisms, on their in vivo evolution (mainly in the case of bacteria producing chronic infections), as well as the availability of multiple full genomic sequences, are placing bacteria in the playground of evolutionary studies. In the present article we review the differential contribution to the evolution of bacterial genomes that processes such as gene modification, gene acquisition and gene loss may have when bacteria colonize different habitats that present characteristic ecological features. In particular, we review how the different processes contribute to evolution in microbial communities, in free-living bacteria or in bacteria living in isolation. In addition, we discuss the temporal constraints in the evolution of bacterial genomes, considering bacterial evolution from the perspective of processes of short-sighted evolution and punctual acquisition of evolutionary novelties followed by long stasis periods.
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/2/4/804/htm
Rapid evolution of female-biased, but not male-biased, genes expressed in the avian brainRapid evolution of female-biased, but not male-biased, genes expressed in the avian brain
The powerful pressures of sexual and natural selection associated with species recognition and reproduction are thought to manifest in a faster rate of evolution in sex-biased genes, an effect that has been documented particularly for male-biased genes expressed in the reproductive tract. However, little is known about the rate of evolution for genes involved in sexually dimorphic behaviors, which often form the neurological basis of intrasexual competition and mate choice. We used microarray data, designed to uncover sex-biased expression patterns in embryonic chicken brain, in conjunction with data on the rate of sequence evolution for ,4,000 coding regions aligned between chicken and zebra finch in order to study the role of selection in governing the molecular evolution for sex-biased and unbiased genes. Surprisingly, we found that female-biased genes, defined across a range of cutoff values, show a higher rate of functional evolution than both male-biased and unbiased genes. Autosomal ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:43429
Comparative transcriptomics of Entelegyne spiders (Araneae, Entelegynae), with emphasis on molecular evolution of orphan genesComparative transcriptomics of Entelegyne spiders (Araneae, Entelegynae), with emphasis on molecular evolution of orphan genes
Next-generation sequencing technology is rapidly transforming the landscape of evolutionary biology, and has become a cost-effective and efficient means of collecting exome information for non-model organisms. Due to their taxonomic diversity, production of interesting venom and silk proteins, and the relative scarcity of existing genomic resources, spiders in particular are excellent targets for next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods. In this study, the transcriptomes of six entelegyne spider species from three genera (Cicurina travisae, C. vibora, Habronattus signatus, H. ustulatus, Nesticus bishopi, and N. cooperi) were sequenced and de novo assembled. Each assembly was assessed for quality and completeness and functionally annotated using gene ontology information. Approximately 100 transcripts with evidence of homology to venom proteins were discovered. After identifying more than 3,000 putatively orthologous genes across all six taxa, we used comparative analyses to identify 24 instances of
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0174102
Toward More Accurate Ancestral Protein Genotype-Phenotype Reconstructions with the Use of Species Tree-Aware Gene TreesToward More Accurate Ancestral Protein Genotype-Phenotype Reconstructions with the Use of Species Tree-Aware Gene Trees
The resurrection of ancestral proteins provides direct insight into how natural selection has shaped proteins found in nature. By tracing substitutions along a gene phylogeny, ancestral proteins can be reconstructed in silico and subsequently synthesized in vitro. This elegant strategy reveals the complex mechanisms responsible for the evolution of protein functions and structures. However, to date, all protein resurrection studies have used simplistic approaches for ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR), including the assumption that a single sequence alignment alone is sufficient to accurately reconstruct the history of the gene family. The impact of such shortcuts on conclusions about ancestral functions has not been investigated. Here, we show with simulations that utilizing information on species history using a model that accounts for the duplication, horizontal transfer, and loss (DTL) of genes statistically increases ASR accuracy. This underscores the importance of the tree topology in ...
https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/96705
PhylomeDB v3.0: an expanding repository of genome-wide collections of trees, alignments and phylogeny-based orthology and...PhylomeDB v3.0: an expanding repository of genome-wide collections of trees, alignments and phylogeny-based orthology and...
The growing availability of complete genomic sequences from diverse species has brought about the need to scale up phylogenomic analyses, including the reconstruction of large collections of phylogenetic trees. Here, we present the third version of PhylomeDB (http://phylomeDB.org), a public database for genome-wide collections of gene phylogenies (phylomes). Currently, PhylomeDB is the largest phylogenetic repository and hosts 17 phylomes, comprising 416,093 trees and 165,840 alignments. It is also a major source for phylogeny-based orthology and paralogy predictions, covering about 5 million proteins in 717 fully-sequenced genomes. For each protein-coding gene in a seed genome, the database provides original and processed alignments, phylogenetic trees derived from various methods and phylogeny-based predictions of orthology and paralogy relationships. The new version of phylomeDB has been extended with novel data access and visualization features, including the possibility of programmatic ...
http://geuvadis.org/biblio/phylomedb_v30_an_expanding_repository_of_genome_wide_collections_of_trees_alignments_and_phyl
Site-specific time heterogeneity of the substitution process and its impact on phylogenetic inference | BMC Evolutionary...Site-specific time heterogeneity of the substitution process and its impact on phylogenetic inference | BMC Evolutionary...
Model violations constitute the major limitation in inferring accurate phylogenies. Characterizing properties of the data that are not being correctly handled by current models is therefore of prime importance. One of the properties of protein evolution is the variation of the relative rate of substitutions across sites and over time, the latter is the phenomenon called heterotachy. Its effect on phylogenetic inference has recently obtained considerable attention, which led to the development of new models of sequence evolution. However, thus far focus has been on the quantitative heterogeneity of the evolutionary process, thereby overlooking more qualitative variations. We studied the importance of variation of the site-specific amino-acid substitution process over time and its possible impact on phylogenetic inference. We used the CAT model to define an infinite mixture of substitution processes characterized by equilibrium frequencies over the twenty amino acids, a useful proxy for qualitatively
https://0-bmcevolbiol-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-11-17
Minor change, major difference: divergent functions of highly conserved cis-regulatory elements subsequent to whole genome...Minor change, major difference: divergent functions of highly conserved cis-regulatory elements subsequent to whole genome...
It is widely accepted that during vertebrate evolution two whole genome duplication (WGD) events occurred, followed by another in the lineage leading to teleosts (Amores et al., 1998; Dehal and Boore, 2005; Holland et al., 1994; Ohno et al., 1968; Taylor et al., 2003; Wittbrodt and Schartl, 1998). These events coincided with a rapid expansion in organismal complexity particularly in teleosts, a lineage that constitutes half of extant vertebrates. The persistence of many duplicate genes after these WGD events forms the basis of the duplication-degeneration-complementation (DDC) model of gene evolution (Force et al., 1999). The DDC model predicts that at least some aspects of ancestral gene function are sub-partitioned between duplicate genes in a complementary manner, such that each copy remains indispensable. At the same time, redundancy of associated cis-regulatory elements may increase the evolvability of these sequences (Jimenez-Delgado et al., 2009) and their potential to direct novel gene ...
http://dev.biologists.org/content/138/5/879
Identification of maternally-loaded RNA transcripts in unfertilized eggs of Tribolium castaneum | BMC Genomics | Full TextIdentification of maternally-loaded RNA transcripts in unfertilized eggs of Tribolium castaneum | BMC Genomics | Full Text
Maternal RNAs play a critical role in early development. Variation in the diversity and levels of maternally derived gene transcripts may be central to the origin of phenotypic novelty -- a longstanding problem in evolution and development. By studying maternal transcriptomes within and between divergent species, a better understanding of the evolutionary forces acting on maternal RNA allocation is possible. We present the first maternal transcriptome of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Using a tiled whole-genome microarray, we found that 58.2% of T. castaneum genes are maternally loaded into eggs. Comparison of known Drosophila melanogaster maternal genes to our results showed widespread conservation of maternal expression with T. castaneum. Additionally, we found that many genes previously reported as having sex or tissue specific expression in T. castaneum were also maternally loaded. Identification of such pleiotropy is vital for proper modeling and testing of evolutionary theory using
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-13-671
Evolution of secretin family GPCR members in the metazoa - NERC Open Research ArchiveEvolution of secretin family GPCR members in the metazoa - NERC Open Research Archive
Background Comparative approaches using protostome and deuterostome data have greatly contributed to understanding gene function and organismal complexity. The family 2 G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the largest and best studied hormone and neuropeptide receptor families. They are suggested to have arisen from a single ancestral gene via duplication events. Despite the recent identification of receptor members in protostome and early deuterostome genomes, relatively little is known about their function or origin during metazoan divergence. In this study a comprehensive description of family 2 GPCR evolution is given based on in silico and expression analyses of the invertebrate receptor genes. Results Family 2 GPCR members were identified in the invertebrate genomes of the nematodes C. elegans and C. briggsae, the arthropods D. melanogaster and A. gambiae (mosquito) and in the tunicate C. intestinalis. This suggests that they are of ancient origin and have evolved through ...
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/919/
Difference between revisions of Molecular Systematics Spring 2014 - EEBediaDifference between revisions of Molecular Systematics Spring 2014 - EEBedia
Handy reference books: 1) Molecular Systematics, 2nd ed. (Hillis, Moritz & Mable, eds. 1996, Sinauer) especially Chapter 11 by Swofford et al. on Phylogenetic Inference; 2) Molecular Evolution: A phylogenetic Approach (Page & Holmes 1998, Blackwell); 3) Inferring Phylogenies (Felsenstein 2004, Sinauer); The Phylogenetic Handbook (eds. Philippe Lemey, Marco Salemi, and Anne-Mieke Vandamme, 2010). Lecture Goals: The course will focus on the basics of molecular systematics theory and practice from the point of view of the data. We will explore the ways in which an understanding of processes of evolution of molecular data can help in the construction of evolutionary trees. Lectures will examine some of the most serious problems in evolutionary tree construction: nucleotide bias, alignment, homoplasy, among-site rate variation, taxon sampling, long branches, big trees, heterogeneous rates of evolution among branches, covarion shifts. Laboratory Goals: Labs will cover basic techniques in molecular ...
http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/eebedia/index.php?title=Molecular_Systematics_Spring_2014&diff=next&oldid=29353
Difference between revisions of Molecular Systematics Spring 2014 - EEBediaDifference between revisions of Molecular Systematics Spring 2014 - EEBedia
Handy reference books: 1) Molecular Systematics, 2nd ed. (Hillis, Moritz & Mable, eds. 1996, Sinauer) especially Chapter 11 by Swofford et al. on Phylogenetic Inference; 2) Molecular Evolution: A phylogenetic Approach (Page & Holmes 1998, Blackwell); 3) Inferring Phylogenies (Felsenstein 2004, Sinauer); The Phylogenetic Handbook (eds. Philippe Lemey, Marco Salemi, and Anne-Mieke Vandamme, 2010). Lecture Goals: The course will focus on the basics of molecular systematics theory and practice from the point of view of the data. We will explore the ways in which an understanding of processes of evolution of molecular data can help in the construction of evolutionary trees. Lectures will examine some of the most serious problems in evolutionary tree construction: nucleotide bias, alignment, homoplasy, among-site rate variation, taxon sampling, long branches, big trees, heterogeneous rates of evolution among branches, covarion shifts. Laboratory Goals: Labs will cover basic techniques in molecular ...
http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/eebedia/index.php?title=Molecular_Systematics_Spring_2014&diff=cur&oldid=29616&printable=yes
Evolution - A-Z - Molecular evolutionEvolution - A-Z - Molecular evolution
Evolution, at the molecular level, is observableas nucleotide changes in the DNA and amino acid changes in proteins. Both polymorphism and evolutionary change between species can be explained by the two processes of natural selection and genetic drift. Two factors controlling the relative importance of neutral drift and natural selection:. 1. Population size. If the population is small then neutral drift dominates; whereas natural selection does if the population is large. 2. The selection coefficients of the different genotypes. If the selection coefficients are low then neutral drift dominates, otherwise natural selection is the more important.. In the evolution of modern species, there have been millions of molecular changes. Natural selection and neutral drift could logically have produced any proportions of the changes, but exactly what proportion is an open question among evolutionary biologists. Richard Dawkins offers his own view.. ...
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/a-z/Molecular_evolution.asp
Herbert G. BakerHerbert G. Baker
doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00752.x. Pannell, John R. (May 2015). "Evolution of the mating system in colonizing plants". ... Molecular Ecology. 24 (9): 2018-2037. doi:10.1111/mec.13087. IPNI. H.G.Baker. v t e. ... Barrett, Spencer C. H. (November 2001). "The Baker and Stebbins era comes to a close". Evolution. 55 (11): 2371-2374. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_G._Baker
Kokanee salmonKokanee salmon
Genetic evidence suggests that the evolution of landlocked sockeye has occurred more than once with different kokanee ... Lemay, Matthew A.; Russello, Michael A. (2015). "Genetic evidence for ecological divergence in kokanee salmon". Molecular ... Evolution. 55 (2): 380-391. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01301.x. JSTOR 2640758. PMID 11308094. S2CID 30332674. Julian Ryall ... Evolution. 50 (3): 1265-1279. doi:10.2307/2410667. JSTOR 2410667. PMID 28565300. Yamamoto, S.; Kitamura, S.; Sakano, H.; Morita ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokanee_salmon
Synchronous floweringSynchronous flowering
Abiotic disturbance can drive the evolution of synchrony. Irregularly disturbed environments can result in the evolution of ... Molecular Ecology. 20 (11): 2367-2379. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05054.x. Martin, Noland H.; Willis, John H. (January 2007 ... "The ecology and evolution of reproductive synchrony". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 5: 135-140. Veller, Carl; Nowak, Martin ... Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 22(8). doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.05.006 Ye, Zhong-Ming; Dai, Wen-Kui; Jin, Xiao-Fang; Gituru, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_flowering
Cyprinodon desquamatorCyprinodon desquamator
John, Michelle E.; Holzman, Roi; Martin, Christopher H. (2019-05-24). "Rapid adaptive evolution of scale-eating kinematics to a ... Molecular Ecology. 26 (2): 624-638. doi:10.1111/mec.13935. ISSN 0962-1083. Martin, C.; P.C. Wainwright (2011). "Trophic novelty ... Evolution. 65 (8): 2197-2212. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01294.x. PMID 21790569. S2CID 23695342. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, ... Evolution. 65 (8): 2197-2212. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01294.x. ISSN 0014-3820. Martin, Christoper (11 January 2013). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprinodon_desquamator
Platypodium elegansPlatypodium elegans
Evolution. 57 (3): 518-526. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01543.x. JSTOR 3094763. PMID 12703941. Hufford, K. M.; Kochert, G.; ... Molecular Ecology. 9 (8): 1174-1176. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00954-3.x. PMID 10964239. Myers, J. A.; Kitajima, K. (2007 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platypodium_elegans
Armillaria gallicaArmillaria gallica
Molecular Evolution. 5 (4): 485-97. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1996.00115.x. PMID 8794559. S2CID 221956735. Hodnett B, Anderson JB ... Molecular methods have been developed to discriminate between the two species by comparing DNA sequences in the gene coding ... Qin GF, Zhao J, Tian SM, Hantula J (2001). "Genetic diversity and molecular identification of Northern Hemisphere species of ... ISBN 978-90-5410-616-6. Antonín V, Tomšovský M, Sedlák P, Májek T, Jankovský L (2009). "Morphological and molecular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armillaria_gallica
Genetic varianceGenetic variance
Lande, R (1979). "Quantitative genetic-analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain-body size allometry". Evolution. 33 ... Molecular Ecology. 9, 2056, 2015. ISSN 0962-1083 Legarra, Andres (2016). "Comparing estimates of genetic variance across ... Evolution. 56 (7): 1313-6. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[1313:phstfa]2.0.co;2. PMID 12206233. Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_variance
Ant-fungus mutualismAnt-fungus mutualism
ISBN 978-0-674-48525-9. Mueller, U. G.; Gerardo, N. M.; Aanen, D. K.; Six, D. L.; Schultz, T. R. (2005). "The Evolution of ... Molecular Ecology. 16 (1): 209-216. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03134.x. PMID 17181732. Seal, Jon N.; Mueller, U. G. (2013-08- ... Mehdiabdi and Schultz 2009 Villesen, P., U. G. Mueller, T. R. Schultz, R. M. M. Adams, A. C. Bourck (2004). "Evolution of ant- ... Nygaard, S. H.; Hu, C; Li, M; Schiøtt, Z; Chen, Z; Yang, Q; Zie (2016). "Reciprocal genomic evolution in the ant-fungus ...
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AiluridaeAiluridae
Li, Wen-Hsiung (2007). Molecular Evolution. Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-480-5.[page needed] Flynn et al., 2001[full ... 1998) "Whence the Red Panda?" Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Vol. 17, No. 2, November 2000, pp. 190-199. [1] Glatston, ... Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 17 (2): 190-99. doi:10.1006/mpev.2000.0819. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 11083933. Archived from ... Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (6): 1070-1076. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003878. PMID 11371595. ...
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Brown-headed honeyeaterBrown-headed honeyeater
Molecular markers show the brown-headed honeyeater is most closely related to the black-chinned honeyeater, with the strong- ... Retrieved 26 November 2013.old-form url Keast, Allen (1968). "Competitive Interactions and the Evolution of Ecological Niches ... Molecular Ecology. 19 (14): 2980-94. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04730.x. PMID 20609078. S2CID 25346288. "Brown-headed ... as Illustrated by the Australian Honeyeater Genus Melithreptus (Meliphagidae)". Evolution. 22 (4): 762-84. doi:10.2307/2406902 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown-headed_honeyeater
Computational phylogeneticsComputational phylogenetics
Weights in the form of a model of evolution can be inferred from sets of molecular data, so that maximum likelihood or Bayesian ... Simmons MP (June 2004). "Independence of alignment and tree search". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3): 874-9. doi: ... Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (7): 1455-8. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh137. PMID 15084674. Goloboff PA, Carpenter JM, Arias JS ... Molecular Biology and Evolution. 4 (4): 406-25. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454. PMID 3447015. Fitch WM, Margoliash E ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_phylogenetics
DiaspidinaDiaspidina
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 57 (3): 992-1003, page 1000. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.002. PMID 20460159. Archived from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspidina
Dysidea arenariaDysidea arenaria
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 63 (3): 809-16. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.024. PMID 22406528. Bergquist, PR (1965). "The ... among which are two unusual examples with distinctive enantiomers of their drimane molecular skeleton. A sterol isolated from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysidea_arenaria
Erinaceusyllis ettienneiErinaceusyllis ettiennei
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 55 (3): 1128-1138. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.012. PMID 20079860. WORMS entry. ... Aguado; Teresa, M.; Nygren, Arne; Siddall, Mark E. (2007). "Phylogeny of Syllidae (Polychaeta) based on combined molecular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erinaceusyllis_ettiennei
SolenogastresSolenogastres
... using novel molecular data". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 54 (1): 187-193. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.07.028. PMID ... 1985), "2. Early evolution and the Primitive Groups", The Mollusca, 10. Evolution, New York: Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-728702-7 ... Indeed, some molecular datasets plot Solenogastres as an outgroup to Mollusca. Acanthomeniidae Salvini-Plawen, 1978 ... Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5. Scheltema, A. H. (1999). "Two ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenogastres
AmerophidiaAmerophidia
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 94 (Pt B): 537-547. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009. PMID 26475614. Gower, D. J.; Vidal, N ... Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 71: 201-213. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011. PMID 24315866. Archived from the original ( ... Head, Jason J. (2015-04-14). "Fossil calibration dates for molecular phylogenetic analysis of snakes 1: Serpentes, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerophidia
KatablepharidKatablepharid
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 53 (1): 202-11. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.012. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 19398025. Kim, E; ... Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 93: 331-362, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004, PMID 26234272 Tree of Life: Katablepharids ... "Molecular Phylogeny and Description of the Novel Katablepharid Roombia truncata gen. et sp. nov., and Establishment of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katablepharid
CylindrophisCylindrophis
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 94 (Pt B): 537-547. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009. PMID 26475614. Gower, D. J.; Vidal, N ... Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 71: 201-213. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011. PMID 24315866. Archived from the original ( ... Many recent studies based on molecular data suggest that Cylindrophiidae may be paraphyletic with respect to another family of ... Cundall, D. (1995). "Feeding behaviour in Cylindrophis and its bearing on the evolution of alethinophidian snakes". Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylindrophis
Hox genes in amphibians and reptilesHox genes in amphibians and reptiles
The homology of these genes is of important interest to scientists as they may hold more answers to the evolution of many ... Mannaert, A.; Roelants, K.; Bossuyt, F.; Leyns, L. (2006). "A PCR survey for posterior Hox genes in amphibians". Molecular ... Ruddle, F. H.; Bartels, J. L.; Bentley, K. L.; Kappen, C.; Murtha, M. T.; Pendleton, J. W. (1994). "Evolution of Hox genes". ... Despite the large conservation of the Hox genes through evolution, mammals and humans specifically cannot regenerate any of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hox_genes_in_amphibians_and_reptiles
Olive sparrowOlive sparrow
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. vol 10, no 2. p. 191-201.. ... 1998). Molecular phylogenetics of the avian genus Pipilo and a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_sparrow
ScotokaryotesScotokaryotes
... enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 99: 275-296. doi:10.1016/j. ... Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 81: 71-85. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012. PMID 25152275. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2010-06 ... Cavelier Smith (2013). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the ... Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2013-05-01). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotokaryotes
AfrophidiaAfrophidia
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 94 (Pt B): 537-547. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009. PMID 26475614. Pyron; Burbrink; Wiens ... Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 71: 201-213. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011. PMID 24315866. Archived from the original ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrophidia
OvenbirdOvenbird
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 57 (2): 753-70. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018. PMID 20696258. Sibley, D. (2000). The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovenbird
MonoplacophoraMonoplacophora
... using novel molecular data". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 54 (1): 187-193. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.07.028. PMID ... In 2006 a molecular study on Laevipilina antarctica suggested that extant Monoplacophora and Polyplacophora form a well- ... The concept of Serialia is supported by other molecular studies. The fossil record does indicate that the ancestral mollusc was ... Little, C.; Vrijenhoek, R.C. (2003). "Are hydrothermal vent animals living fossils?". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 18 (11): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoplacophora
Northern sportive lemurNorthern sportive lemur
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 31 (2): 440-8. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.08.020. PMID 15062786. Garbutt, Nick (2007). ... A further three molecular genetic studies have led to the inclusion of another 15 species of Lepilemur, making it the most ... 2006). "Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of a new species of sportive lemur from northern Madagascar" (PDF). Lemur ... As a result of subsequent cytogenetic and molecular analyses, the 7 species of Lepilemur were confirmed by Rumpler et al., but ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_sportive_lemur
OrthokaryotesOrthokaryotes
... enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 99: 275-296. doi:10.1016/j. ... Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 81: 71-85. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012. PMID 25152275. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2010-06 ... Cavelier Smith (2013). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the ... cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297-357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthokaryotes
DictyoceratidaDictyoceratida
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 63 (3): 809-16. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.024. PMID 22406528. v t e. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictyoceratida
List of birds of GoaList of birds of Goa
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 47 (1): 251-260. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.020 "Beaten Tracks: Additions to birds of Goa ... Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 52 (3): 866-878. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.006. PMID 19393746. Lovette, I.; McCleery, ... E. Haring; K. Kvaløy; J.-O. Gjershaug; N. Røv; A. Gamauf (2007). "Convergent evolution and paraphyly of the hawk-eagles of the ... B.; Talaba, A. & Rubenstein, D. (2008). "A complete species-level molecular phylogeny for the 'Eurasian' starlings (Sturnidae: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Goa
Domestication of the horseDomestication of the horse
2005). "Evolution, systematics, and phylogeography of Pleistocene horses in the New World: a molecular perspective". PLOS ... Molecular Biology and Evolution. 26 (1): 199-208. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn239. PMID 18931383. Lindgren, Gabriella; Niclas ... "Horsey-aeology, Binary Black Holes, Tracking Red Tides, Fish Re-evolution, Walk Like a Man, Fact or Fiction". Quirks and Quarks ... 2010). "Ancient DNA reveals traces of Iberian Neolithic and Bronze Age lineages in modern Iberian horses" (PDF). Molecular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication_of_the_horse
Pallass gullPallas's gull
Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 37 (3): 686-699. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011. PMID 16054399. Jobling, James A (2010). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallas's_gull
人類基因組 - 维基百科，自由的百科全人類基因組 - 维基百科，自由的百科全
Watson, JD, Baker TA, Bell SP, Gann A, Levine M, Losick R. (2004). "Ch9-10", Molecular Biology of the Gene, 5th ed., Peason ... Olson M, Varki A. Sequencing the chimpanzee genome: insights into human evolution and disease.. Nat Rev Genet. 2003, 4 (1): 20- ...
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/人類基因組
CraniosynostosisCraniosynostosis
"Human Molecular Genetics. 6 (10): 1647-56. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.10.1647. PMID 9300656.. ... Francel PC (1995). "Evolution of the treatment for sagittal synostosis: a personal record". In Goodrich JT, Hall CD (eds.). ... Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 82 (2): 78-85. doi:10.1002/bdra.20426. PMID 18050313.. ... Advances in the fields of molecular biology and genetics, as well as the use of animal models have been of great importance in ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniosynostosis
SpottefuglarSpottefuglar
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41(2): 333-344.. *McClure, H. Elliott (1991). in Forshaw, Joseph: Encyclopaedia of ... 1990): Distribution and taxonomy of the birds of the world: A Study in Molecular Evolution. Yale University Press, New Haven, ... Hunt, Jeffrey S.; Bermingham, Eldredge; & Ricklefs, Robert E. (2001): Molecular systematics and biogeography of Antillean ...
https://nn.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spottefuglar
EatingEating
Aestivation: Molecular and Physiological Aspects. Springer-Verlag. pp. 95-113. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02421-4. ISBN 978-3-642- ... "Energetics and the evolution of body size in small terrestrial mammals" (PDF). Symposia of the Zoological Society of London ... "Déjà vu: the evolution of feeding morphologies in the Carnivora". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47 (1): 147-163. doi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eat
Water deerWater deer
Molecular Biology and Evolution. 14 (11): 1154-1166. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025725. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 9364773.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_deer
MioceneMiocene
Due to scanty fossil evidence it is unclear which ape or apes contributed to the modern hominid clade, but molecular evidence ... Marine deposits showcase a variety of cetaceans and penguins, illustrating the evolution of both groups into modern ... Zhisheng, An; Kutzbach, John E.; Prell, Warren L.; Porter, Stephen C. (3 May 2001). "Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased ... "Dynamic topography control on Patagonian relief evolution as inferred from low temperature thermochronology". Earth and ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene
Quantitative trait locusQuantitative trait locus
As Mendel's ideas spread, geneticists began to connect Mendel's rules of inheritance of single factors to Darwinian evolution. ... Methods in Molecular Biology, Springer US, pp. 15-25, doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9865-4_3, ISBN 9781493998654. , PMID 31541435. ... Still, it would be almost thirty years until the theoretical framework for evolution of complex traits would be widely ... Castle's was perhaps the first attempt made in the scientific literature to direct evolution by artificial selection of a trait ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenic_inheritance
Nespecifična monooksigenazaNespecifična monooksigenaza
Eric J. Toone (2006). Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, Protein Evolution (Volume 75 izd.). Wiley- ... Nicholas C. Price, Lewis Stevens (1999). Fundamentals of Enzymology: The Cell and Molecular Biology of Catalytic Proteins ( ... Gerhard Michal, Dietmar Schomburg (2012). Biochemical Pathways: An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2nd izd.). ...
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nespecifična_monooksigenaza
UDP-N,N-diacetilbacilozaminska 2-epimeraza (hidroliza)UDP-N,N'-diacetilbacilozaminska 2-epimeraza (hidroliza)
Eric J. Toone (2006). Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, Protein Evolution (Volume 75 izd.). Wiley- ... Nicholas C. Price, Lewis Stevens (1999). Fundamentals of Enzymology: The Cell and Molecular Biology of Catalytic Proteins ( ... Gerhard Michal, Dietmar Schomburg (2012). Biochemical Pathways: An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2nd izd.). ...
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP-N,N
Eurasian magpieEurasian magpie
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 65 (2): 562-572. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.011. PMID 22842292.. ... Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 29 (2): 250-257. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00096-4. PMID 13678680.. ... Emery, Nathan J.; Clayton, Nicola S. (Dec 2004). "The mentality of crows: convergent evolution of intelligence in corvids and ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_magpie
Hipoteza latających naczelnych, wolna encyklopediaHipoteza latających naczelnych, wolna encyklopedia
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution". 1 (2), s. 148-146, 1992. DOI: 10.1016/1055-7903(92)90026-D. PMID: 1342928 (ang.). ... Molecular Biology and Evolution". 22 (9), s. 1869-86, 09-2005. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msi180. PMID: 15930153 (ang.). ... Stanhope MJ, Czelusniak J, Si JS, Nickerson J, Goodman M. A molecular perspective on mammalian evolution from the gene encoding ... Primitive Early Eocene bat from Wyoming and the evolution of flight and echolocation (ang.). W: Nature [on-line]. 2008-02-14. [ ...
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipoteza_latających_naczelnych
Streptococcus pneumoniaeStreptococcus pneumoniae
Engelmoer DJ, Rozen DE (December 2011). "Competence increases survival during stress in Streptococcus pneumoniae". Evolution. ... Avery's work marked the birth of the molecular era of genetics.[14] ... advances in next-generation sequencing and comparative genomics have enabled the development of robust and reliable molecular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._pneumoniae
Vinca alkaloidVinca alkaloid
Raviña, Enrique (2011). "Vinca alkaloids". The evolution of drug discovery: From traditional medicines to modern drugs. John ... Molecular Engineering. 1 (2): 153-160. doi:10.1007/BF00420051.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinca_alkaloids
SensitizationSensitization
Shettleworth, S. J. (2010). Cognition, Evolution and Behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford.. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{ ... Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 364-375. ISBN ... as ΔFosB accumulates with repeated drug exposure it represses c-Fos and contributes to the molecular switch whereby ΔFosB is ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitization
LeafLeaf
2004). The Evolution of Plant Physiology. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-08-047272-0. .. ... On the basis of molecular genetics, Eckardt and Baum (2010) concluded that "it is now generally accepted that compound leaves ... In the course of evolution, leaves have adapted to different environments in the following ways:[citation needed] ... Stewart, Wilson N; Rothwell, Gar W. (1993) [1983]. Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants (2nd ed.). Cambridge University ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline
EbolaEbola
Klenk, Hans-Dieter; Feldmann, Heinz (2004). Ebola and Marburg viruses: molecular and cellular biology (Limited preview). ... and rapid evolution death after a mean of three days."[163] ... Trends in Molecular Medicine. 12 (5): 206-15. doi:10.1016/j. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease
MallardMallard
"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 70: 402-411. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.08.008. ISSN 1095-9513. PMID 23994490.. ... "Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 5. doi:10.3389/fevo.2017.00025. ISSN 2296-701X.. ... McCracken, Kevin G.; Johnson, William P.; Sheldon, Frederick H. (2001). "Molecular population genetics, phylogeography, and ... Molecular Ecology (published January 2013). 22 (1): 41-55. doi:10.1111/mec.12098. PMID 23110616.. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallard
MandalaMandala
Hasegawa, Masami (2017). "Phylogeny mandalas for illustrating the Tree of Life". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 117: ... Cowen, Painton (2005). The Rose Window, London and New York, (offers the most complete overview of the evolution and meaning of ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandala
Chloroplast DNAChloroplast DNA
Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 407-22. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq209. PMID 20702568.. ... Molecular structureEdit. The 154 kb chloroplast DNA map of a model flowering plant (Arabidopsis thaliana: Brassicaceae) showing ... "Genome Biology and Evolution. 10 (10): 2669-2571. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy189. PMC 6166771. PMID 30165616.. ... Alberts B (2002). Molecular biology of the cell (4. ed.). New York [u.a.]: Garland. ISBN 978-0-8153-4072-0. .. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast_DNA
PiculetPiculet
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 389-399. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.021 PMID 16635580 (HTML abstract) ... Systematics and evolutionEdit. Although not well known from fossils, the evolution of piculets is now considered rather ... Molecular dating, calibrated with geographic events in the absence of a good fossil record, points at the Late Miocene, c. 8 ... Fuchs, J.; Ohlson, J. I.; Ericson, Per G. P. & Pasquet, E. (2006): Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic history of the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picumninae
Darwin Medal - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaDarwin Medal - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Distinguished for his work on molecular evolution, in particular on the role of stochastic events in determining the rate of ... This means evolution, population biology, organismal biology and biological diversity. It was first awarded in 1890. It comes ... They have combined molecular and genetic approaches to answer some of Darwins key questions about the natural variation of ... for their fundamental work on the ecology, breeding and evolution of Darwin's finches on the Galapagos islands. This work has ...
https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_Medal
Pickerel frogPickerel frog
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (2): 299-314. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007. PMID 15619443. Archived from the ... Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 42 (2): 331-338. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001. PMID 16997582.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickerel_frog
Abortion - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAbortion - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Human Evolution (Netherlands: Springer) 3 (4): 297-308. ISSN (Print) 1824-310X (Online) 0393-9375 (Print) 1824-310X (Online). ... Russo J, Russo I (1987). "Biological and molecular bases of mammary carcinogenesis". Laboratory Investigation 57 (2): 112-37. ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion
OctopusOctopus
Evolution. Further information: Evolution of cephalopods. Fossil history and phylogeny. Cephalopods have existed for 500 ... The California two-spot octopus has had its genome sequenced, allowing exploration of its molecular adaptations.[151] Having ... Hence, greater transcriptome plasticity has come as the cost of slower genome evolution. High levels of RNA editing do not ... Strugnell, J.; Nishiguchi, M. K. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of coleoid cephalopods (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) inferred from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda
BrolgaBrolga
The brolga was formerly placed in the genus Grus but a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found that the genus, as ... Evolution. *Origin of birds. *Origin of flight. *Evolution of birds. *Darwin's finches ... This was further confirmed by molecular studies of their DNA.[6] These also showed that the brolga is more closely related to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brolga
Caulobacter crescentusCaulobacter crescentus
The evolution of stalk positioning in the Caulobacter cladeEdit. Diverse positioning of the stalks. Caulobacter crescentus ( ... "Journal of Molecular Biology. 409 (1): 28-35. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2011.02.041. PMC 3108490. PMID 21371478.. ... Detailed study of the molecular development of these cells as they progress through the cell cycle has enabled researchers to ... The "housekeeping" metabolic and catabolic subsystems provide the energy and the molecular raw materials for protein synthesis ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caulobacter_crescentus
MedicineMedicine
... and the development of techniques in molecular biology, evolution, and genetics are influencing medical technology, practice ... Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of the ... Many modern molecular tests such as flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, gene ... Genomics and knowledge of human genetics and human evolution is having increasingly significant influence on medicine, as the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical
Passerine - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPasserine - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Evolution[change , change source]. Evidence on their evolution comes from comparative anatomy, the fossil record and molecular ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passerine
PinophytaPinophyta
The evolution of bird-dispersed pines. Evolutionary Ecology 4: 185-219 *^ a b "South Island wilding conifer strategy". ... A new classification and linear sequence based on molecular data can be found in an article by Christenhusz et al.[7] ... a b c Henry, R.J.(2005) Plant Diversity and evolution. London: CABI. ... Phylogeny of the Pinophyta based on cladistic analysis of molecular data.[5] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coniferous_forest
NucleomorphNucleomorph
"Genome Biology and Evolution. 6 (4): 974-980. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu071. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 4007541 . PMID 24709562.. ... Studies of the genomic organization and of the molecular phylogeny have shown that the nucleomorph of the cryptomonads used to ... Archibald, John M (2007). "Nucleomorph Genomes: Structure, Function, Origin and Evolution". BioEssays. 29 (4): 392-402. doi: ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleomorph
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Selection, GeneticEvolution, MolecularGenetic DriftBiological EvolutionModels, GeneticPhylogenyGenetic VariationSuperstitionsTime FactorsSignal TransductionPersonnel Staffing and Scheduling Information SystemsSnailsBooksSequence Analysis, ProteinMolecular Sequence DataSequence AlignmentEducation, Medical, UndergraduateTextbooks as TopicAngiolymphoid Hyperplasia with EosinophiliaMoral DevelopmentShigella sonneiFluoroquinolonesDysentery, BacillaryShigellaShigella flexneriDNA GyraseReligion and ScienceReligious PhilosophiesMitochondria
Molecular Genetics and Evolution | UnitecMolecular Genetics and Evolution | Unitec
... to acquire practical skills in basic molecular analysis; to assess how the study of genetics and the use of molecular tools can ... Molecular Genetics and Evolution (NSCI6748) Level: 6. Credits: 15 (0.125 EFTS). Compulsory: No. Aim: To explore the genetic ... to acquire practical skills in basic molecular analysis; to assess how the study of genetics and the use of molecular tools can ... To explore the genetic basis of evolution; ... Molecular Genetics and Evolution. Share on. *Share on Facebook ...
https://www.unitec.ac.nz/career-and-study-options/animal-management-and-welfare/bachelor-of-applied-science-animal-management-and-welfare/molecular-genetics-and-evolution
Research Group Microbial Molecular Evolution (Bertels) | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary BiologyResearch Group Microbial Molecular Evolution (Bertels) | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology
Research Group Molecular Systems Evolution (Dutheil). *Research Group Meiotic Recombination and Genome Instability (Odenthal- ... The research in the Microbial Molecular Evolution group combines laboratory experiments, computational methods and mathematical ... The evolution of phage resistance in bacteria. We are currently studying how E. coli C can become resistance to φX174 infection ... Our first study will focus on tracking the evolution of a single REPIN population through a number of P. fluorescens genomes ...
https://www.evolbio.mpg.de/3178548/group-micromolevol
Modeling the structural evolution of carbide-derived carbons using quenched molecular dynamics - Nanomaterials GroupModeling the structural evolution of carbide-derived carbons using quenched molecular dynamics - Nanomaterials Group
Modeling the structural evolution of carbide-derived carbons using quenched molecular dynamics (Palmer, J. C., Llobet, A., Yeon ... Modeling the structural evolution of carbide-derived carbons using quenched molecular dynamics ... Modeling the structural evolution of carbide-derived carbons using quenched molecular dynamics}, journal = {Carbon}, volume = { ...
https://nano.materials.drexel.edu/wp-publications/198-2/
Lisez Add Molecular Darwinism To Theory Of Evolution? en ligneLisez Add 'Molecular Darwinism' To Theory Of Evolution? en ligne
To Theory Of Evolution? - Free download as (.saif), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Darwins theory of evolution ... Add molecular Darwinism to theory of evolution?. Darwins theory of evolution should be expanded to include consideration of ... Darwins theory of evolution should be expanded to include consideration of a DNA stability "energy code"-so-called "molecular ... The post Add molecular Darwinism to theory of evolution? appeared first on Futurity. ...
https://fr.scribd.com/article/485068207/Add-Molecular-Darwinism-To-Theory-Of-Evolution
Molecular EvolutionMolecular Evolution
Download Molecular_Evolution Survey yes no Was this document useful for you? Thank you for your participation! * Your ... Molecular Evolution The Genome: smaller than we once thought • The collection of all the DNA in the cell is referred to as the ...
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Evolution at the Molecular Level.Evolution at the Molecular Level.
Selander, Robert, Clark, Andrew G. & Whittam, Thomas S. (Eds). Evolution at the Molecular Level. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland ...
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oilseeds | Molecular cytogenetics and genome evolutionoilseeds | Molecular cytogenetics and genome evolution
Molecular cytogenetics, plant nuclear genome organization, in situ hybridization, genomics and evolution of crops and other ... Bovine satellite DNAs and a history of the evolution of complexity and its impact in the Bovidae family ... Postdoctoral PDA RA positions in South China Botanical Gardens Plant Genome Evolution Research Group ...
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group | Molecular cytogenetics and genome evolutiongroup | Molecular cytogenetics and genome evolution
Molecular cytogenetics, plant nuclear genome organization, in situ hybridization, genomics and evolution of crops and other ... Molecular cytogenetics research group October 2014. Posted on Tuesday, 30 September, 2014 by Pat Heslop-Harrison ... Bovine satellite DNAs and a history of the evolution of complexity and its impact in the Bovidae family ... Postdoctoral PDA RA positions in South China Botanical Gardens Plant Genome Evolution Research Group ...
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framework | Molecular cytogenetics and genome evolutionframework | Molecular cytogenetics and genome evolution
Molecular cytogenetics, plant nuclear genome organization, in situ hybridization, genomics and evolution of crops and other ... Bovine satellite DNAs and a history of the evolution of complexity and its impact in the Bovidae family ... Postdoctoral PDA RA positions in South China Botanical Gardens Plant Genome Evolution Research Group ...
https://molcyt.org/tag/framework/
climate adaptation | Molecular cytogenetics and genome evolutionclimate adaptation | Molecular cytogenetics and genome evolution
Molecular cytogenetics, plant nuclear genome organization, in situ hybridization, genomics and evolution of crops and other ... Bovine satellite DNAs and a history of the evolution of complexity and its impact in the Bovidae family ... Postdoctoral PDA RA positions in South China Botanical Gardens Plant Genome Evolution Research Group ...
https://molcyt.org/tag/climate-adaptation/
Creationism and Molecular Evolution | Mike the Mad BiologistCreationism and Molecular Evolution | Mike the Mad Biologist
Whats nuts about creationists is that the molecular evidence for natural selection is incredibly strong, unless you posit a ... Creationism and Molecular Evolution. Posted on May 9, 2008 by mikethemadbiologist As Ive mentioned before, one of the things ... ISTM that for most people, evolution is all about fossils. Im including most people who accept the reality of evolution. The ... I mean, why do I think I know more about evolution than Kirk Cameron? I never even had to *read* Origin of species. But I sure ...
https://mikethemadbiologist.com/2008/05/09/creationism_and_molecular_evol/
The evolution of molecular genetics • BioLab Business MagazineThe evolution of molecular genetics • BioLab Business Magazine
This paved the way for present-day advances in the understanding of molecular genetics. Newcombe was working at Ontarios Chalk ...
http://www.biolabmag.com/evolution-molecular-genetics/
Esciencelabs - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)Esciencelabs - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)
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Cytoskyton - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)Cytoskyton - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)
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Enogene Carried - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)Enogene Carried - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)
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Cytomegalovirus Antibod - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)Cytomegalovirus Antibod - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)
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Enogen 360 - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)Enogen 360 - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)
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Equine Polyclonal - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)Equine Polyclonal - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)
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Elabscience Caix - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)Elabscience Caix - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)
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Tuberculosis Ellesa - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)Tuberculosis Ellesa - Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE)
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Molecular biologist talks cheeseMolecular biologist talks cheese
Human brain evolution. 23 hours ago. Fetal Origins of Adult Disease. Apr 11, 2021 ... I started taking molecular biology and other biology courses, and it was very clear to me that this is what I should be doing. ... Duttons fromage, like her molecular biology laboratory in the Applied Physics and Mathematics Building, is a lot more complex ... Her study was an unusual undertaking for a molecular biologist, particularly one just starting to build a research career. When ...
https://phys.org/news/2016-04-molecular-biologist-cheese.html
Obituary for Dr Mark Goodwin | Molecular cytogenetics and genome evolutionObituary for Dr Mark Goodwin | Molecular cytogenetics and genome evolution
Molecular cytogenetics, plant nuclear genome organization, in situ hybridization, genomics and evolution of crops and other ... Professor of Molecular Cytogenetics and Cell Biology, University of Leicester. Group Leader, South China Botanical Garden, ... Research: genome evolution, breeding and biodiversity in agricultural species; the impact of agriculture; evalutation of ... Biodiversity in Ethiopian linseed: molecular characterization of landraces. A global strategy for the conservation and use of ...
https://molcyt.org/2018/09/12/obituary-for-dr-mark-goodwin/
Molecular biology and evolution of cancer: from discovery to action.Molecular biology and evolution of cancer: from discovery to action.
Efforts to prevent or delay cancer evolution-and progression-require a deep understanding of the underlying molecular ... Cell lineages undergo convergent evolution toward phenotypes known as the hallmarks of cancer that promote cancer initiation, ... Fitness landscapes can be leveraged to describe potential trajectories of cancer evolution, mapping positive selection and ... Heterogeneous populations of cancer cells undergo selection for adaptive phenotypes, which shapes molecular genetic variation ...
https://crick.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Molecular_biology_and_evolution_of_cancer_from_discovery_to_action_/11848359/1
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Structural Biochemistry/Molecular Evolution - Wikibooks, open books for an open worldStructural Biochemistry/Molecular Evolution - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Molecular evolution is in part a process of evolution at the scale of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Molecular evolution emerged as a ... the extent of adaptive molecular evolution versus neutral processes of mutation and drift, and the identification of molecular ... In order for evolution to occur, three different processes are required and must be met: 1. Generation of a diverse population ... Some of the key topics that spurred development of the field have been the evolution of enzyme function, the use of nucleic ...
https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Evolution
Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences: Investigator-initiated research projects | NSF - National Science FoundationDivision of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences: Investigator-initiated research projects | NSF - National Science Foundation
... molecular and cellular evolution; the synthesis of life-like systems; and the quantitative prediction of the phenome from ... Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences: Investigator-initiated research projects (MCB) MCB Core Proposal Submission ... The Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (MCB) supports quantitative, mechanistic, predictive, and theory-driven ... including the Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences: Investigator-initiated research projects solicitation (NSF 21-509 ...
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Divergent evolution of a bifunctional de novo protein. | Department of Molecular BiologyDivergent evolution of a bifunctional de novo protein. | Department of Molecular Biology
Amino Acid Sequence, Directed Molecular Evolution, Escherichia coli, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Deletion, Molecular Sequence ... Divergent evolution of a bifunctional de novo protein.. Title. Divergent evolution of a bifunctional de novo protein.. ... Department of Molecular Biology. 119 Lewis Thomas Laboratory. Washington Road. Princeton, NJ 08544-1014. Need help? Contact us ...
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The Origins of the Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution by Michael Dietrich"The Origins of the Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution" by Michael Dietrich
Dietrich, Michael, "The Origins of the Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution" (1994). Dartmouth Scholarship. 32. https:// ...
https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/facoa/32/
Dr Deborah Dawson | Molecular Ecology Laboratory | The University of SheffieldDr Deborah Dawson | Molecular Ecology Laboratory | The University of Sheffield
Evolution. , 68(10), 3020-3029. *Engler JO, Secondi J, Dawson DA, Roderus D, Elle O & Hochkirch A (2014) Cross-species utility ... Molecular Ecology. , 24(13), 3316-3328. View this article in WRRO *Dawson DA, Brekke P, dos Remedios N & Horsburgh GJ (2015) A ... Molecular Ecology. , 26(20), 5716-5728. View this article in WRRO *Mátics R, Hoffmann G, Farkas S, Dawson D, Frantz A, Varga D ... Molecular Ecology. . View this article in WRRO *Garrett LJH, Dawson DA, Horsburgh GJ & Reynolds SJ (2018) Correction to: A ...
https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/molecol/deborah-dawson
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Selection, GeneticEvolution, MolecularGenetic DriftBiological EvolutionModels, GeneticPhylogenyGenetic VariationSuperstitionsTime FactorsSignal TransductionPersonnel Staffing and Scheduling Information SystemsSnailsBooksSequence Analysis, ProteinMolecular Sequence DataSequence AlignmentEducation, Medical, UndergraduateTextbooks as TopicAngiolymphoid Hyperplasia with EosinophiliaMoral DevelopmentShigella sonneiFluoroquinolonesDysentery, BacillaryShigellaShigella flexneriDNA GyraseReligion and ScienceReligious PhilosophiesMitochondria
PhylogenySystematicsPhylogenetics and EvolutionGenesSpeciesBioinformaticsPhylogeniesGenomesPopulation GeneticsBiology and EvolutionOrganismsJournal of MolecuGeneticEcologyAdaptive EvolutionGenomicsProtein evolutionConvergentCellularGeneDiversityBiochemistrySubstitutionProteinsAnalysesAmino acidSequence data2018LevelNucleotideSequencesEscherichiaSitu hybridizationTopics in Molecular EvolutionSelection in molecular evolutionMechanisms of evolutionary changePopulationsMutationPhenotypic evolutionGenome BiologyOriginBiologicalVariationUCLA1997MitochondriaGenetics and EvolutionHypothesisTaxonomyResearchSystematic
Phylogeny11
  • The journal provides a forum for molecular studies that advance our understanding of phylogeny and evolution , further the development. (elsevier.com)
  • The journal provides a forum for molecular studies that advance our understanding of phylogeny and evolution , further the development of phylogenetically more accurate taxonomic classifications , and ultimately bring a unified classification for all the ramifying lines of life. (elsevier.com)
  • Synapsin protein sequences from all these species were then used to explore the molecular phylogeny of these important neuronal phosphoproteins. (nih.gov)
  • It looks at population genetics, phylogeny (history of evolution) and developmental genetics, to provide a framework from which to understand evolutionary patterns and relationships amongst plants. (routledge.com)
  • Molecular systematics is the process of using data on the DNA, RNA, or proteins to resolve questions in phylogeny and taxonomy . (wikipedia.org)
  • We have generated and collected multilocus sequence data (mtSSU, nrITS, nrLSU, RPB1 , RPB2 ) for 149 species associated with the Ramalinaceae and present the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • We used ancestral state reconstructions on our molecular family phylogeny to trace the evolution of character states. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • Persoonia aims to publish papers dealing with molecular phylogeny and evolution of fungi. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • This computer simulation demonstrates the phylogeny reconstruction using virus evolution. (nescent.org)
  • She works in the project "Phylogeny, historic biogeography and niche evolution of the neotropical Marcgraviaceae - a model case of swift morphological diversification and speciation by flower-pollinator-interaction" (project leader: Dr. Stefan Dressler) with funding from DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). (senckenberg.de)
  • We thank the many authors that have contributed to what we know today about the molecular evolution and phylogeny of Leishmania and whose work is not cited herein, in particular those who have worked with us, and all of those with whom we have had discussions about this subject. (springer.com)
Systematics10
  • Dr. OBrochtaUs laboratory is adjacent to a large molecular systematics laboratory ion of DNA from know species of heliothines is available for this project. (bio.net)
  • Case Studies of Viral Taxa: Their Systematics and Evolution: 18. (cambridge.org)
  • Molecular Systematics and Plant Evolution discusses the diversity and evolution of plants with a molecular approach. (routledge.com)
  • Molecular systematics is a product of the traditional field of systematics and molecular genetics . (bionity.com)
  • It is the process of using data on the molecular constitution of biological organisms' DNA , RNA , or both, in order to resolve questions in systematics, i.e. about their correct scientific classification or taxonomy from the point of view of evolutionary biology . (bionity.com)
  • Molecular systematics has been made possible by the availability of techniques for DNA sequencing , which allow the determination of the exact sequence of nucleotides or bases in either DNA or RNA. (bionity.com)
  • Molecular systematics has been made possible by techniques for sequence analysis . (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular systematics and character evolution in the lichen famil. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • This advanced textbook is aimed at graduate level students and professional researchers (both empiricists and theoreticians) in the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology, statistical genomics, evolutionary biology, molecular systematics, and population genetics. (bokkilden.no)
  • Global diversity and molecular systematics of Wrightoporia s.l. (ingentaconnect.com)
Phylogenetics and Evolution4
  • Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is dedicated to bringing Darwin's dream within grasp - to 'have fairly true genealogical trees of each great kingdom of Nature. (elsevier.com)
  • Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of evolutionary biology and phylogenetics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44 (1): 15-25. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 63: 521-526. (exeter.ac.uk)
Genes25
  • An international roster of scientists will discuss topics such as Darwinism in an age of molecular revolution, how the molecular revolution began, biomedical research and genes, sequences and other molecular clues to the history of life. (latimes.com)
  • One hypothesis suggests that most molecular evolution is driven by random changes in genes, or "neutral drift. (pbs.org)
  • It describes the dynamics of evolutionary change at the molecular level, the driving forces behind the evolutionary process, novel evolutionary phenomena revealed by molecular data, the effects of various molecular mechanisms on the structure of genes and genomes, and the methodology involved in the statistical analysis of molecular data from an evolutionary perspective. (worldcat.org)
  • This text describes the dynamics of evolutionary change at the molecular level, the driving forces behind the evolutionary process, and the effects of the various molecular mechanisms on the structure of genes and genomes. (worldcat.org)
  • Bringing together molecular cell biologists, immunologists and evolutionary biologists who appeared ready to candidly discuss their favorite cellular processes and structures and debate the origins of cellular compartments and cellular immunity in the context of new ideas about genes and their capacity for evolution was a risky experiment for us as organizers of this conference," said Mayor. (asbmb.org)
  • Recently, new genes and their proteins that revealed striking new insights into the early evolution of multicellular animals have been identified and characterized from members of the lowest metazoan phylum, the porifera (sponges). (springer.com)
  • Molecular phylogenetic estimates among 34 squamate reptile species plus 6 tetrapod outgroup species were examined based on 2 nucleotide datasets: a nuclear dataset with 2 nuclear genes (3,411 bp) and a mitochondrial dataset including all 13 protein-coding mitochondrial genes (11,727 bp). (pnas.org)
  • Evidence suggests that stable long-term acquisitive evolution results from minor increases in mutation rates of genes related to a particular stress, with minimal disturbance to the balanced and resilient metabolism critical for responding to an unpredictable environment. (wiley.com)
  • Scientists believe that the study of genes that encode the proteins for molecular motors will help solve the mysteries of evolution. (icr.org)
  • Specifically, the ideas of convergent evolution and lineage-specific expansions are nothing more than fancy terms for the fact that these different types of myosin genes appeared suddenly in unrelated creatures at the same time. (icr.org)
  • By comparing the relative rate of molecular evolution between humans and chimps with that of their lice, a new study published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B is attempting to discover whether evolution marches on a same rate of speed in all creatures or whether subtle changes in genes occur rapidly in some species than in others. (medindia.net)
  • Previous studies had looked at the rate of molecular changes between parasites and their hosts, but most focused on single genes in the mitochondria, tiny energy-generating structures outside the nucleus of the cell that are easier to study. (medindia.net)
  • He is especially interested in problems related to understanding the evolution of genes, genomes, and species. (uconn.edu)
  • We concluded that heterogeneous alterations in the p53 gene and occasionally in the N-RAS genes accompany the evolution of chronic phase CML to blast crisis. (jci.org)
  • We have investigated the molecular evolution of one such group of seven Avh genes. (usda.gov)
  • We have also been able to obtain the sequence of homologous Avh genes in the sister taxa P. hibernalis , P. lateralis , and P. foliorum allowing for examination of the evolution of these genes across species. (usda.gov)
  • This study focuses on the evolution of mammalian TET genes. (mdpi.com)
  • Genetic change, and hence the evolution of new species, is commonly thought to result from small, random mutations in individual genes, but a growing wealth of data emphasizes that that perception is wrong. (ucla.edu)
  • Like many others--Nobel laureate Barbara McClintock was a notable exception--Thomas thought that genetic change, and hence the evolution of new species, results from small, random mutations in individual genes. (ucla.edu)
  • This study traces the evolution of LOX genes which have been differentially retained and expanded in rosid plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Polyploidy has been and continues to have an extensive effect on the number or type of genes in plant evolution ( Adams and Wendel, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Given this limitation, there are very few opportunities to examine the co-evolution of genes in the genome of living organisms and morphological features preserved in the fossil record. (innovations-report.com)
  • We predicted that enamel-specific genes such as enamelin would show evidence in living organisms of molecular decay because these genes are vestigial and no longer necessary for survival. (innovations-report.com)
  • The molecular counterpart to vestigial organs is pseudogenes that are descended from formerly functional genes," Springer explained. (innovations-report.com)
  • Yang describes the models, methods and algorithms that are most useful for analysing the ever-increasing supply of molecular sequence data, with a view to furthering our understanding of the evolution of genes and genomes. (oup.com)
Species17
  • In the evolution of modern species, there have been millions of molecular changes. (blackwellpublishing.com)
  • In the field of molecular evolution, inferences about past evolutionary events are made using molecular data from currently living species. (springer.com)
  • With the availability of genomic data from multiple related species, molecular evolution has become one of the most active and fastest growing fields of study in genomics and bioinformatics. (springer.com)
  • The concept that each protein from each species of animal was a single chemical substance at the molecular level was implicit for the hemoglobins in the report by Reichert and Brown. (genetics.org)
  • In the meantime, Kimura had published a short note in Nature ( K imura 1968 ) in which he pointed out that the rate of random fixation of neutral mutation in evolution, per species per generation, is equal to the rate of occurrence of neutral mutation per species per generation and is independent of population size. (genetics.org)
  • Reticulate Evolution in the Mediterranean Species Complex of Senecio Sect. (routledge.com)
  • Some of the key topics that spurred development of the field have been the evolution of enzyme function, the use of nucleic acid divergence as a " molecular clock " to study species divergence, and the origin of non-functional or junk DNA . (bionity.com)
  • On the Origins of Species: Does Evolution Repeat Itself in Polyploid Populations of Independent Origin? (cshlpress.com)
  • This page includes an archive of materials from the 150th anniversary of the publication of "The Origin of Species" as well as recent columns by Olivia Judson and Sean Carroll on evolution. (nescent.org)
  • The so-called 'molecular clock' hypothesis, which states that the rate of molecular evolution is constant in time and across lineages, is only rarely met: some species evolve significantly faster than others as far as molecules are concerned ( Bromham & Penny 2003 ). (royalsocietypublishing.org)
  • They predicted that these species would have copies of the gene that codes for the tooth-specific enamelin protein, but this gene would show evidence of molecular decay in these species. (innovations-report.com)
  • Amino acid differences in betaCOP may dictate functional divergence across species during the course of evolution, especially with regards to the evolutionary pressures on obligate intracellular parasites. (biomedsearch.com)
  • The theory also asserts that most of the genetic variability within species at the molecular level (such as protein and DNA polymorphism) are selectively neutral or very nearly neutral and that they are maintained in the species by the balance between mutational input and random extinction. (go.jp)
  • With modern molecular techniques, variation is found in all species, sometimes at astonishingly high levels. (google.com.br)
  • Although recent hierarchical taxonomic schemes have increasingly used molecular or biochemical characters to assign Leishmania organisms into different species, they are still heirs of the first classifications based primarily on geographical distribution, vector species, and disease presentations. (springer.com)
  • The current classification system, based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, proposes up to 53 species, although molecular phylogenies of Leishmania suggest that the number of species may be too large. (springer.com)
  • Many molecular markers have demonstrated substantial intraspecies diversity and the existence of geographically and genetically isolated populations in all Leishmania species tested so far. (springer.com)
Bioinformatics9
  • The journal encourages articles that are multidisciplinary, especially in areas, such as bioinformatics, computational biology, molecular biology, and organismic biology, that are of interest to the community of systematic and evolutionary biologists. (elsevier.com)
  • In the current era of complete genome sequencing, Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution provides an up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to bioinformatics in the context of evolutionary biology. (wiley.com)
  • This important textbook will equip readers with a thorough understanding of the quantitative methods used in the analysis of molecular evolution, and will be essential reading for advanced undergraduates, graduates, and researchers in molecular biology, genetics, genomics, computational biology, and bioinformatics courses. (wiley.com)
  • Much of bioinformatics is based on, yet too often ignores, the underlying principles of molecular evolution. (wiley.com)
  • This book nicely integrates molecular evolution and bioinformatics, two disciplines that go hand in hand, as rightfully claimed by the authors. (wiley.com)
  • Many bioinformatics applications are based on principles of molecular evolution, and to study molecular evolution is unthinkable nowadays without having access to the necessary tools and implementations. (wiley.com)
  • Microscopy, image processing, bioinformatics, in situ hybridization, molecular (epi)genetics and systems biology lets us explore and exploit fundamental processes. (le.ac.uk)
  • Thanks in advance, Tonu Margus ======================================== Tonu Margus Department of Bioinformatics Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology University of Tartu Riia str. (bio.net)
  • A molecular evolutionary framework is central to many Bioinformatics approaches used in these analyses, e.g., de novo gene finding from genomic sequences. (embo.org)
Phylogenies3
  • Integrating Molecular Phylogenies and Developmental Genetics: a Gesneriaceae Case Study M. Möller, M. Clokie, P. Cubas and Q.C.B. Cronk 18. (routledge.com)
  • Hamilton, P.B., Gibson, W.C. and Stevens, J.R. (2007) Patterns of co-evolution between trypanosomes and their hosts deduced from ribosomal RNA and protein-coding gene phylogenies. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • It will be a major source for insight and enormously helpful for anyone who wants to understand molecular phylogenies. (oup.com)
Genomes8
  • Here, we present a case of extensive convergent molecular evolution between snake and agamid lizard mitochondrial genomes that overcomes an otherwise strong phylogenetic signal. (pnas.org)
  • Therefore, by comparing genomes valuable information can be obtained to help explain how millions of years of evolution have generated remarkably complex organisms. (idw-online.de)
  • Patterns of alternating GC and AT rich motifs correlated well with hypervariable region recombination sites across the HAdV-D genomes, suggesting foci of DNA instability lead to formulaic patterns of homologous recombination and confer agility to adenovirus evolution. (harvard.edu)
  • The new analysis is the first to look at the pace of molecular change across the genomes of different groups. (medindia.net)
  • Biologists at the University of California, Riverside report new evidence for evolutionary change recorded in both the fossil record and the genomes (or genetic blueprints) of living organisms, providing fresh support for Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. (innovations-report.com)
  • Now his lab has found evidence of such molecular "cavities" in the genomes of living organisms. (innovations-report.com)
  • Genomes are the ultimate molecular documents, filled with stories that fascinate and instruct, and we can now speed-read them. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • We are now able to sequence the genomes of enormous numbers of individuals from a wide range of populations, and to observe the evolution of rapidly evolving microbes and viruses in real time. (mpg.de)
Population Genetics5
  • His current research interests include RNA structure and sequence evolution, molecular phylogenetics, theoretical evolutionary biology, and population genetics. (wiley.com)
  • Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics. (wiley.com)
  • Molecular evolution emerged as a scientific field in the 1960s as researchers from molecular biology , evolutionary biology and population genetics sought to understand recent discoveries on the structure and function of nucleic acids and protein. (bionity.com)
  • The neutral theory is based on simple assumptions, enabling us to develop mathematical theories based on population genetics to treat molecular evolution and variation in quantitative terms. (go.jp)
  • It will be of relevance and use to students and professional researchers (both empiricists and theoreticians) in the fields of molecular phylogenetics, evolutionary biology, population genetics, mathematics, statistics and computer science. (oup.com)
Biology and Evolution6
  • The Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (SMBE) is a scientific and academic organization created in 1982 to support academic research in the field of molecular evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1983, the society began publishing the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution with Oxford University Press. (wikipedia.org)
  • With the rapid increase in genomic biology, the society began publishing a second journal, Genome Biology and Evolution, in 2009. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the result of a study published in the journal Genome Biology and Evolution has only served to support the predictions of special creation-that unique variants of cellular complexity and innovation exist at all levels of life. (icr.org)
  • Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 1315-1328. (els.net)
  • Human Longevity: Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Bioenergetics, Molecular Biology, and Evolution is built on the proposition that we age as our mitochondria age. (routledge.com)
Organisms7
  • While evolution involves changes in organisms that we can observe, they undergo evolution at a deeper level, too. (pbs.org)
  • We do research in molecular genetics, functional genomics, cell biology, developmental biology, biotechnology and biochemistry in established model organisms. (bio.net)
  • A major goal of molecular evolutionary genetics is to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in functional adaptations of organisms to different environments, including the mechanisms of the regulation of the spectral absorption. (nih.gov)
  • Evolutionary scientists often use results derived from molecular biology dating methods (based on DNA sequence similarities) to bolster their assumptions that some related organisms may have diverged millions of years ago. (icr.org)
  • By using these recent methodologies, it could be useful to shed light on the molecular evolution of the biomarkers, and which role and functionality can be better understood based on exploring the relative evolution pathways in several aquatic organisms. (novapublishers.com)
  • The new study begins to answer fundamental questions about changes at the molecular level that eventually shape the destinies of all organisms, Johnson said. (medindia.net)
  • In many organisms, it is generated by a protein-based molecular machine called ATP synthase. (evolutionnews.org)
Journal of Molecu2
  • His is an associate editor of the Journal of Molecular Evolution and has published more than fifty original papers in peer-reviewed journals on the topic of this book. (springer.com)
  • Journal of Molecular Evolution, 40: 190-226. (els.net)
Genetic15
  • The changes and variations in genetic code that occur over time are referred to as "molecular evolution. (pbs.org)
  • Rasmus Nielsen is certainly one of these researchers, and his work so far has merged many population genetic and phylogenetic aspects of biological research under the umbrella of molecular evolution. (springer.com)
  • Further chapters detail genetic variation of viruses and the molecular basis of interrelation at the population level and the molecular basis and evolution of this relationship. (cambridge.org)
  • Although nonneutral convergent evolution of morphological characters has been frequently pointed to as a source of potential bias in phylogenetic inference ( 4 - 6 ), nonneutral convergence at the molecular-genetic level is believed to be relatively rare and limited in scope. (pnas.org)
  • To understand the molecular genetic basis of spectral tuning of visual pigments, it is essential to establish correlations between a series of the sequences of visual pigments and their lambda(max) values. (nih.gov)
  • The topics covered include the appearance of the first genetic material, the origins of cellular life, evolution and development, selection and adaptation, and genome evolution. (cshlpress.com)
  • Studies of evolution at the molecular level have experienced phenomenal growth in the last few decades, due to rapid accumulation of genetic sequence data, improved computer hardware and software, and the development of sophisticated analytical methods. (bokkilden.no)
  • Molecular Evolution: a statistical approach presents and explains modern statistical methods and computational algorithms for the comparative analysis of genetic sequence data in the fields of molecular evolution, molecular phylogenetics, statistical phylogeography, and comparative genomics. (bokkilden.no)
  • This session will highlight research that harnesses the power of experimental evolution, phylogenetic reconstructions, and standing genetic variation to gain insight into molecular systems. (grc.org)
  • The most common genetic change found in the evolution of typical Ph1 chromosome positive CML to blast crisis was an alteration of the p53 gene involving either a rearrangement, a deletion, or a point mutation in the coding sequence of the gene. (jci.org)
  • Viruses and mobile genetic elements are molecular parasites or symbionts that coevolve with nearly all forms of cellular life. (asm.org)
  • We often hear about new 'genome sequences,' commercial kits that can tell you about your ancestry (including pre-human) from your DNA or disease predispositions, debates about the truth of evolution, why animals behave the way they do, and how people found 'genetic evidence for natural selection. (coursera.org)
  • The field of molecular evolution has experienced explosive growth in recent years due to the rapid accumulation of genetic sequence data, continuous improvements to computer hardware and software, and the development of sophisticated analytical methods. (oup.com)
  • Dr. Robert Heinzen, head of the Coxiella Pathogenesis Section at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, remarked, "Our results suggest that mobile genetic elements have played a major role in the evolution and function of the C. burnetii genome. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • This chapter reviews the recent (mostly) molecular data that provide new insights into the evolution, taxonomy, phylogenetic, and population genetic relationships of Leishmania but also the questions raised by this knowledge. (springer.com)
Ecology4
  • 1. Using Organelle Markers to Elucidate the History, Ecology and Evolution of Plant Populations R.A. Ennos, W.T. Sinclair, X.-S. Hu and A. Langdon 2. (routledge.com)
  • to assess how the study of genetics and the use of molecular tools can inform biodiversity conservation, animal breeding, animal welfare and our understanding of evolutionary ecology. (unitec.ac.nz)
  • Another 2017 publication considers the role of polyploidy or whole genome duplication in ecology and evolution . (le.ac.uk)
  • A rich ecology of practices and theoretical debates, embedded in some of the political concerns and policies of the postwar period, is part of the emergence of the field of Molecular Evolution. (springer.com)
Adaptive Evolution4
  • In retrospect, it might have been better to entitle the article "Non-adaptive evolution," because "non-Darwinian" probably raised the hackles of admirers of Charles Darwin. (genetics.org)
  • Combined with strong previous evidence for adaptive evolution in snake mitochondrial proteins, it is likely that much of this convergent evolution was driven by adaptation. (pnas.org)
  • Additionally, explicit use of molecular evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses provide important insights in their own right, e.g., analysis of adaptive evolution in viruses providing clues of their interaction with host immune systems. (embo.org)
  • up constraint with adaptive evolution and just call it neutral. (coursera.org)
Genomics1
  • This is, therefore, a classic case of convergent evolution: Both groups evolved similar molecular mechanisms for a eusocial lifestyle under similar selection pressures," says genomics expert Dr Mark Harrison, first author of the study. (idw-online.de)
Protein evolution7
  • A widely accepted principle is that protein evolution is mainly determined by constraints on activity, specificity, folding, and stability ( 1-4 ). (sciencemag.org)
  • Thus, we previously proposed that metabolic flows and geochemical budgets might be constraints that were imprinted on protein evolution ( 5 ). (sciencemag.org)
  • Genome‐wide data on protein evolution are mostly in accord with the nearly neutral theory. (els.net)
  • Many observed patterns of protein evolution by measuring synonymous and nonsynonymous divergences are in accord with the nearly neutral theory. (els.net)
  • McDonald JH and Kreitman M (1991) Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. (els.net)
  • By creating a deeper understanding for the evolutionary dynamics of an important drug targetenzyme, our proposal will develop experimental and computational tools for studying protein evolution with theultimate goal of improving human health. (usda.gov)
  • The first consists of three chapters on protein evolution, DNA evolution, and molecular mechanisms. (google.com.br)
Convergent7
  • When we see convergent evolution provide the same solution to a complex problem, we have a better understanding of its importance. (asbmb.org)
  • Documented cases of convergent molecular evolution due to selection are fairly unusual, and examples to date have involved only a few amino acid positions. (pnas.org)
  • These results indicate that nonneutral convergent molecular evolution in mitochondria can occur at a scale and intensity far beyond what has been documented previously, and they highlight the vulnerability of standard phylogenetic methods to the presence of nonneutral convergent sequence evolution. (pnas.org)
  • Convergent molecular evolution, sometimes referred to as homoplasy, can result from neutral processes or from nonneutral processes such as positive selection and adaptation ( 1 - 3 ). (pnas.org)
  • Individual proteins placed under similar selective pressures have been observed, however, to respond with convergent molecular changes ( 7 - 12 ). (pnas.org)
  • We examined whether the results could be explained by neutral convergence or were instead due to potentially adaptive nonneutral convergent evolution. (pnas.org)
  • previous descriptions of L. infantum and " L. archibaldi " from this region are a consequence of convergent evolution in the isoenzyme data. (springer.com)
Cellular8
  • This book is one of the first solely devoted to the origins and evolution of viruses, and of the ways in which they interact with their cellular hosts and vectors. (cambridge.org)
  • The conference taught me an important lesson: Evolution of a biochemical process can teach us a great deal about how it operates - it can help determine which features are fundamental and which represent cellular or organismal specialization. (asbmb.org)
  • I have often neglected to consider evolution when trying to understand the molecular basis of a given cellular process. (asbmb.org)
  • The main problem with this idea is that, not only does no such creature exist, but eukaryotes also contain molecular similarities to both bacteria and archaea-prokaryotes that are found in completely separate domains of cellular life. (icr.org)
  • Another major problem is that many complex molecular and cellular features unique among eukaryotes are not found in any prokaryotes. (icr.org)
  • Clearly, the only scientific model that predicts this type of molecular and cellular complexity and innovation across all forms of life is one associated with special creation. (icr.org)
  • Viewing molecular and cellular processes within their evolutionary contexts can reveal key mechanistic information. (grc.org)
  • Many cellular features, such as molecular machines, require multiple interactive parts to function. (evolutionnews.org)
Gene16
  • Molecular evolution of the synapsin gene family. (nih.gov)
  • In invertebrate synapsins, the most conserved domains are C and E. During the evolution of vertebrates, at least two gene duplication events are hypothesized to have given rise to the synapsin gene family. (nih.gov)
  • However, the nucleotide sequence of rpoB from one isolate examined suggests that interspecies gene transfer may also have played a role in the evolution of rifampicin-resistance in S. pneumoniae. (nih.gov)
  • In the 2000s, some of the active topics have been the role of gene duplication in the emergence of novel gene function, the extent of adaptive molecular evolution versus neutral drift, and the identification of molecular changes responsible for various human characteristics especially those pertaining to infection , disease, and cognition. (bionity.com)
  • Mutations are considered the driving force of evolution , where less favorable (or deleterious ) mutations are removed from the gene pool by natural selection , while more favorable (or beneficial ) ones tend to accumulate. (bionity.com)
  • The near‐neutrality concept may be extended to the evolution of such systems, where epigenetics and robustness are important for gene expression and many mutations are weakly selected. (els.net)
  • Khaitovich P, Enard W, Lachmann M and Pääbo S (2006) Evolution of primate gene expression. (els.net)
  • We were able to deduce that, long before the evolution of termites, one particular class of transposons led to the expansion of gene families probably involved in communication," added Dr Evelien Jongepier, also first author. (idw-online.de)
  • They found that - at the scale of random changes to gene sequence - the lice are winning the molecular evolutionary race. (medindia.net)
  • Molecular phylogenetic analyses using two data sets, derived from DNA sequences of matK, the maturase-encoding gene located in an intron of the chloroplast gene trnK, and ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region of the 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA, were performed to examine relationships among 37 taxa in Cymbidium. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Human Gene Evolution. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Presents the principles of human gene evolution in a concise and easy to understand fashion. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Here we show that some members of the LOX gene family in the Arabidopsis genome are likely to be lost during evolution, leading to a smaller size than that in Populus, Vitis , and Carica . (frontiersin.org)
  • The researchers were able to correlate the progressive loss of enamel in the fossil record with a simultaneous molecular decay of a gene, called the enamelin gene, that is involved in enamel formation in mammals. (innovations-report.com)
  • In our research we clearly see the parallel evolution of enamel loss in the fossil record and the molecular decay of the enamelin gene into a pseudogene in representatives of four different orders of mammals that have lost enamel. (innovations-report.com)
  • Zou, Z., and J. Zhang (2017) Gene tree discordance does not explain away the temporal decline of convergence in mammalian protein sequence evolution. (umich.edu)
Diversity2
  • Simpson, A.G.B., Stevens, J.R. and Lukes, J. (2006) The evolution and diversity of kinetoplastid flagellates. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Diversity and evolution of dominant African savanna grasses. (senckenberg.de)
Biochemistry2
  • Comparative biochemistry demonstrates that the metabolites, complex biochemical networks, enzymes and regulatory mechanisms essential to all living cells are conserved in amazing detail throughout evolution. (wiley.com)
  • PhD students and scientists with interests on physiology, ecotoxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology, molecular evolution and aquatic science disciplines will find this book very useful, based on the concepts and the relative biomarkers study cases, analyzed from the evolutionary point of view. (novapublishers.com)
Substitution2
  • Evolution consists of the substitution of one variant for another when the environment changes. (blackwellpublishing.com)
  • Gillespie JH (1994) Substitution process in molecular evolution. (els.net)
Proteins4
  • Evolution, at the molecular level, is observableas nucleotide changes in the DNA and amino acid changes in proteins. (blackwellpublishing.com)
  • We can observe molecular evolution in DNA , and also in amino acid changes in proteins . (pbs.org)
  • Molecular evolution is the process of evolution at the scale of DNA , RNA , and proteins . (bionity.com)
  • The rate at which DNA and proteins accumulate substitutions is an important aspect of molecular evolution. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Analyses3
  • Typical molecular systematic analyses require the sequencing of around 1000 base pairs . (bionity.com)
  • Therefore, both molecular evolutionary analyses of visual pigments and vision science have an important common goal. (nih.gov)
  • To this end, we aim to provide graduate and postgraduate researchers with the theoretical knowledge and practical skills to carry out molecular evolutionary analyses on sequence data. (embo.org)
Amino acid1
  • Papers based on few taxa, single molecular markers, or that use codon-based methods to test for positive Darwinian selection, but in the absence of experimental evidence that allegedly selected amino acid changes cause an adaptive phenotypic effect, will not be accepted. (elsevier.com)
Sequence data1
  • A deeper understanding of the mechanisms and processes of molecular evolution should lead to more accurate models of molecular evolution, which in turn should facilitate the development of better algorithms for reconstructing evolutionary history from sequence data. (elsevier.com)
20181
  • Zhang, J. (2018) Neutral theory and phenotypic evolution. (umich.edu)
Level13
  • In addition, presentations of new findings on or insights into evolutionary processes and mechanisms as expressed at the molecular level are welcome, as are those that deal with the methodology of reconstructing evolutionary history from molecular data (such as descriptions of new or more powerful computer algorithms for constructing phylogenetic trees from orthologous nucleotide or aminoacid sequences). (elsevier.com)
  • Therefore, random processes explain most of evolution at the molecular level. (pbs.org)
  • Irreducibly complex parts at the molecular level are actually cobbled together by simpler parts and put together as a whole. (hubpages.com)
  • Evolution works at the DNA level. (hubpages.com)
  • Regardless of the frequency of nonneutral convergence in nature, it is important to identify such cases to understand their impact on phylogenetic inference and to illuminate the mechanisms of functional adaptation at the molecular level. (pnas.org)
  • Nearly neutral theory is an extension of the neutral theory and contends that the borderline mutations, whose effects lie between the selected and the neutral classes, are important at the molecular level. (els.net)
  • Fay JC (2011) Weighing the evidence for adaptation at the molecular level. (els.net)
  • Our members work to advance knowledge in the basic mechanisms of inheritance, from the molecular to the population level. (genetics.org)
  • Introduction to Genetics and Evolution is a college-level class being offered simultaneously to new students at Duke University. (coursera.org)
  • In sharp contrast to the Darwinian theory of evolution by natural selection, the neutral theory claims that the overwhelming majority of evolutionary changes at the molecular level are caused by random fixation (due to random sampling drift in finite populations) of selectively neutral (i.e., selectively equivalent) mutants under continued inputs of mutations. (go.jp)
  • Although many important discoveries have been made, the question of how memories are encoded and maintained at the molecular level remains. (nature.com)
  • This information will prove invaluable as we proceed to dissect, at a molecular level, events associated with Q fever pathogenesis. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • In recent years, sequencing technologies have made it possible to observe the outcomes and, in some cases, the process, of molecular evolution at a remarkable level detail. (mpg.de)
Nucleotide1
  • Hudson RR, Kreitman M and Aquadé M (1987) A test of neutral molecular evolution based on nucleotide data. (els.net)
Sequences4
  • What we observe as evolution consists of shuffling round within this limited set of equivalent sequences. (blackwellpublishing.com)
  • Nuclear sequences analyzed under maximum parsimony and minimum evolution criteria did not resolve relationships among families and suborders. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • Today, similarities and differences in molecular data (protein and DNA sequences) are also being used. (vernier.com)
  • Next, the researchers analyzed sequences using a variety of molecular evolutionary methods, including new approaches developed by Springer's group. (innovations-report.com)
Escherichia3
  • This review explores features of the origin and evolution of colicins in Escherichia coli. (umass.edu)
  • Molecular evolution of the Escherichia coli chromosome. (genetics.org)
  • In this project, we propose to study evolution of the Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)enzyme and map epistatic interactions between DHFR mutations. (usda.gov)
Situ hybridization1
  • Our key methods for in situ hybridization are given at this website with more information about methods for molecular cytogenetics and in situ hybridization as well as some other methods used in our laboratory. (le.ac.uk)
Topics in Molecular Evolution2
  • Further Topics in Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. (wiley.com)
  • Research topics in molecular evolution include the characterization of novel hantaviruses harbored by shrews, moles and bats in different geographic locations and investigation of Burkholderia pseudomallei in humans, animal models, and in the environment. (hawaii.edu)
Selection in molecular evolution2
  • Roles of mutation and selection in molecular evolution. (worldcat.org)
  • Fu, Yun‐Xin(Apr 2001) Neutrality and Selection in Molecular Evolution: Statistical Tests. (els.net)
Mechanisms of evolutionary change1
  • The wealth of information contained in colicin sequence comparisons makes this an ideal system with which to explore molecular mechanisms of evolutionary change. (umass.edu)
Populations1
  • The nearly neutral theory contends that the interplay of drift and weak selection is important and predicts that evolution is more rapid in small populations than in large populations. (els.net)
Mutation3
  • In addition, it is theorized that certain chemical reactions may have taken place on early Earth, before true evolution began, and some of these reactions may have helped to form these informational molecules that enabled replication and mutation. (encyclopedia.com)
  • This session will highlight research into the molecular mechanisms involved in evolutionary processes such as mutation, inheritance, phenotypic plasticity, and more. (grc.org)
  • They are also learning that the enzymes that copy and maintain the DNA introduce changes in some parts of the genome and not others, creating hotspots of mutation that increase the efficiency of evolution. (ucla.edu)
Phenotypic evolution2
  • I also discuss such topics as the evolution of deviant coding systems in Mycoplasma , the origin of life and the unified understanding of molecular and phenotypic evolution. (go.jp)
  • Ho, W.-C., Y. Ohya, and J. Zhang (2017) Testing the neutral hypothesis of phenotypic evolution. (umich.edu)
Genome Biology1
  • All articles published in the two SMBE journals, Molecular Biology & Evolution and Genome Biology & Evolution (one prize for each journal), in the calendar year 2019 are automatically eligible if the final publication date of the nominated paper is not more than two years later than the date of the nominee's Ph.D. (smbe.org)
Origin4
  • Molecular evolution " is a term used to describe the stages that preceded the origin of life on Earth. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Sponsored by the Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life, the symposium will be held in Schoenberg Hall from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. (latimes.com)
  • This site has lesson plans and general information about evolution, the nature of science, origin of life and genetics. (nescent.org)
  • In the past we've offered the top 10 problems with Darwinian evolution (see here for a fuller elaboration ), and the top five problems with origin-of-life theories . (evolutionnews.org)
Biological4
  • Evolution is a gradual process in which a biological organism changes into a different and usually more complex form. (hubpages.com)
  • This shows that an "irreducibly complex" mechanism in the final stage of development, was actually built up in parts.It evolved and this shows that evolution is still the best explanation for biological change. (hubpages.com)
  • This corrects their biological classification from the point of view of evolution . (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular biological approaches have become critical to understanding evolution. (grc.org)
Variation1
  • This GRS seeks to overcome traditional disciplinary divides by bringing together junior scientists from a wide array of fields who share common goals: uncovering molecular mechanisms that drive evolution and/or using evolution and natural variation to better understand molecular processes. (grc.org)
UCLA3
  • New discoveries about the molecular bases of the evolution of life will be explored in a one-day symposium, "Evolution and the Molecular Revolution," on Friday at UCLA. (latimes.com)
  • UCLA molecular biologist James A. Lake reports important new insights about prokaryotes and the evolution of life in the Aug. 20 advance online edition of the journal Nature . (nsf.gov)
  • This relationship resulted in a totally different type of life on Earth," said Lake, a UCLA distinguished professor of molecular, cell and developmental biology and of human genetics. (scienceblog.com)
19972
  • Fitch WM, Bush RM, Bender CA and Cox NJ (1997) Long term trends in the evolution of H(3) HA1 human influenza type A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 94: 7712-7718. (els.net)
  • Li WH (1997) Molecular Evolution. (els.net)
Mitochondria1
  • At a very early stage in evolution, mitochondria were derived from bacteria that lived within the first eukaryotic cells. (hubpages.com)
Genetics and Evolution2
  • Infection, Genetics and Evolution 1: 143-150. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Infection, Genetics and Evolution , 11: 955-959. (exeter.ac.uk)
Hypothesis2
  • To assess the hypothesis that nutritional constraints might have influenced the evolution of protein structure, we computed the atomic composition of enzymes involved in elemental assimilation processes in the two model microorganisms E. coli and S. cerevisiae . (sciencemag.org)
  • Hamilton, P. B., Teixeira, M.M.G. and Stevens, J.R. (2012) The evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi - the 'bat seeding' hypothesis. (exeter.ac.uk)
Taxonomy1
  • However, molecular systematic investigations of subgroups revealed that current taxonomy is at odds with evolutionary relationships. (ingentaconnect.com)
Research10
  • Postdoctoral Research Fellow In Molecular Evolution Dr. David OBrochta, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Center for Agricultural Biotechnology wishes to sponsor highly qualified recent Ph.D.s interested in applying for a postdoctoral fellowships in Molecular Evolution sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, of the USDA. (bio.net)
  • The fellow will be responsible for conducting a research project investigating the evolution of hAT transposable elements in heliothine moths. (bio.net)
  • We research crop plants and farm animals, studying their evolution and organization at the DNA to genome levels: large-scale processes with chromosomes, polyploidy and DNA sequence. (le.ac.uk)
  • It reviews the latest advances in research into evolution, focusing on the molecular bases for evolutionary change. (cshlpress.com)
  • The Gordon Research Seminar on Molecular Mechanisms in Evolution is a unique forum for graduate students, post-docs, and other scientists with comparable levels of experience and education to present and exchange new data and cutting edge ideas. (grc.org)
  • This GRS will be held in conjunction with the "Molecular Mechanisms in Evolution" Gordon Research Conference (GRC). (grc.org)
  • Due to the Senckenberg-wide regulations and current recommendations in connection with the corona virus epidemic, the Department of Botany and Molecular Evolutionary Research is closed since 16th March 2020 until further notice for volunteers, visiting researchers and interns. (senckenberg.de)
  • Another important basis for our research and teaching is the Grunelius-Möllgaard Lab, a molecular lab that the division runs for Senckenberg, which is open to Senckenberg and guest researchers. (senckenberg.de)
  • We hope the work in the current study serves as a resource for both the Coxiella and wider infectious disease research communities interested in the evolution of pathogen virulence. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The author's research in molecular genetics, evolution, and bio-mathematics has enabled him to draw on this work, and present a coherent and valuable view of the field. (google.com.br)
Systematic1
  • There have been few systematic screens for nonneutral molecular convergence, however, so its true frequency in nature remains largely unknown. (pnas.org)

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