Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continents of the Americas.
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the southeastern and eastern areas of the Asian continent.
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the islands of the central and South Pacific, including Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and traditionally Australasia.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but 'Europe' is a geographical continent and not a medical term; therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.
The collective designation of three organizations with common membership: the European Economic Community (Common Market), the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). It was known as the European Community until 1994. It is primarily an economic union with the principal objectives of free movement of goods, capital, and labor. Professional services, social, medical and paramedical, are subsumed under labor. The constituent countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. (The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997, p842)
Genealogy is the study of family history and descent, while heraldry refers to the practice of designing, displaying, and studying coats of arms, which often provide historical information about families or individuals.
A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.
The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.
An analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole GENOME representative set of) polymorphic markers in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition.
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.
The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
The total genetic information possessed by the reproductive members of a POPULATION of sexually reproducing organisms.
A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.
Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.
Individual members of South American ethnic groups with historic ancestral origins in Asia.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the chromosome number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the chromosome where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE.
Nonrandom association of linked genes. This is the tendency of the alleles of two separate but already linked loci to be found together more frequently than would be expected by chance alone.
A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.
Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.
An independent state in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, north of Venezuela, comprising the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Its capital is Port of Spain. Both islands were discovered by Columbus in 1498. The Spanish, English, Dutch, and French figure in their history over four centuries. Trinidad and Tobago united in 1898 and were made part of the British colony of Trinidad and Tobago in 1899. The colony became an independent state in 1962. Trinidad was so named by Columbus either because he arrived on Trinity Sunday or because three mountain peaks suggested the Holy Trinity. Tobago was given the name by Columbus from the Haitian tambaku, pipe, from the natives' habit of smoking tobacco leaves. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1228, 1216 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p555, 547)
The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.
A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.
Mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components.

Heart rate and subsequent blood pressure in young adults: the CARDIA study. (1/13036)

The objective of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that baseline heart rate (HR) predicts subsequent blood pressure (BP) independently of baseline BP. In the multicenter longitudinal Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study of black and white men and women initially aged 18 to 30 years, we studied 4762 participants who were not current users of antihypertensive drugs and had no history of heart problems at the baseline examination (1985-1986). In each race-sex subgroup, we estimated the effect of baseline HR on BP 2, 5, 7, and 10 years later by use of repeated measures regression analysis, adjusting for baseline BP, age, education, body fatness, physical fitness, fasting insulin, parental hypertension, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, oral contraceptive use, and change of body mass index from baseline. The association between baseline HR and subsequent systolic BP (SBP) was explained by multivariable adjustment. However, HR was an independent predictor of subsequent diastolic BP (DBP) regardless of initial BP and other confounders in white men, white women, and black men (0.7 mm Hg increase per 10 bpm). We incorporated the part of the association that was already present at baseline by not adjusting for baseline DBP: the mean increase in subsequent DBP was 1.3 mm Hg per 10 bpm in white men, white women, and black men. A high HR may be considered a risk factor for subsequent high DBP in young persons.  (+info)

Obstetric and neonatal outcome following chronic hypertension in pregnancy among different ethnic groups. (2/13036)

We retrospectively studied pre-eclampsia rate and obstetric outcome in a cohort of 436 pregnancies amongst 318 women of different ethnic backgrounds attending an antenatal hypertension clinic from 1980-1997, identifying 152 women (213 pregnancies) with chronic essential hypertension. The ethnic breakdown was: White, 64 (30.0%) pregnancies in 48 (31.5%) women; Black/Afro-Caribbean, 79 (37.1%) pregnancies in 56 (36.8%) women; and Indo-Asians, 70 (32.3%) pregnancies in 48 (31.6%) women. The prevalences of pre-eclampsia in White, Black and Indo-Asian women were 17.2%, 12.7% and 18.6%, respectively (p = 0.58). Pregnancies of Indo-Asian women were of shorter gestation, and babies in this group also had lower birth weight and ponderal index compared to those of White and Black women (all p < 0.05). The proportions of overall perinatal mortality were 1.6% for Whites (1/64), 3.8% for Blacks (3/79) and 10.0% for Indo-Asians (7/70), suggesting increased risk in the Indo-Asian group. Indo-Asian women with chronic essential hypertension need careful antenatal care and observation during pregnancy.  (+info)

Associations of anti-beta2-glycoprotein I autoantibodies with HLA class II alleles in three ethnic groups. (3/13036)

OBJECTIVE: To determine any HLA associations with anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-beta2GPI) antibodies in a large, retrospectively studied, multiethnic group of 262 patients with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or another connective tissue disease. METHODS: Anti-beta2GPI antibodies were detected in sera using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HLA class II alleles (DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1) were determined by DNA oligotyping. RESULTS: The HLA-DQB1*0302 (DQ8) allele, typically carried on HLA-DR4 haplotypes, was associated with anti-beta2GPI when compared with both anti-beta2GPI-negative SLE patients and ethnically matched normal controls, especially in Mexican Americans and, to a lesser extent, in whites. Similarly, when ethnic groups were combined, HLA-DQB1*0302, as well as HLA-DQB1*03 alleles overall (DQB1*0301, *0302, and *0303), were strongly correlated with anti-beta2GPI antibodies. The HLA-DR6 (DR13) haplotype DRB1*1302; DQB1*0604/5 was also significantly increased, primarily in blacks. HLA-DR7 was not significantly increased in any of these 3 ethnic groups, and HLA-DR53 (DRB4*0101) was increased in Mexican Americans only. CONCLUSION: Certain HLA class II haplotypes genetically influence the expression of antibodies to beta2GPI, an important autoimmune response in the APS, but there are variations in HLA associations among different ethnic groups.  (+info)

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in white and black patients with diabetes mellitus. (4/13036)

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibody (anti-HBS) was determined in 531 white and 519 black diabetic outpatients and in appropriate white and black control populations. There was no difference between the prevalence of either HBSAg or anti-HBS in either the white or black diabetics and that in the white and black controls. These findings make it unlikely that the vast majority of patients with diabetes mellitus have either an increased susceptibility to infection by the hepatitis B virus or an impaired ability to clear the virus once they are infected.  (+info)

Biochemical indices of osteomalacia in pregnant Asian immigrants in Britain. (5/13036)

Serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase, and urinary calcium excretion were examined during the second trimester of uncomplicated normal pregnancy in Asian immigrants to Britain and in local Caucasians. The mean serum calcium was significantly lower in Asians than in Caucasians, and the mean serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in Asians. The geometric mean of the urinary calcium excretion was highly significantly lower in Asians than in Caucasians. The variances of the serum calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase, and urine calcium excretion did not differ significantly in the two populations. This indicates that there is a shift in values of immigrant Asians as a group compared with Caucasians. A comparison with figures obtained on normal nonpregnant persons of both suggests that the shift is not an inherent feature of the Asian population.  (+info)

Racial differences in the outcome of left ventricular dysfunction. (6/13036)

BACKGROUND: Population-based studies have found that black patients with congestive heart failure have a higher mortality rate than whites with the same condition. This finding has been attributed to differences in the severity, causes, and management of heart failure, the prevalence of coexisting conditions, and socioeconomic factors. Although these factors probably account for some of the higher mortality due to congestive heart failure among blacks, we hypothesized that racial differences in the natural history of left ventricular dysfunction might also have a role. METHODS: Using data from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) prevention and treatment trials, in which all patients received standardized therapy and follow-up, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the outcomes of asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction among black and white participants. The mean (+/-SD) follow-up was 34.2+/-14.0 months in the prevention trial and 32.3+/-14.8 months in the treatment trial among the black and white participants. RESULTS: The overall mortality rates in the prevention trial were 8.1 per 100 person-years for blacks and 5.1 per 100 person years for whites. In the treatment trial, the rates were 16.7 per 100 person-years and 13.4 per 100 person-years, respectively. After adjustment for age, coexisting conditions, severity and causes of heart failure, and use of medications, blacks had a higher risk of death from all causes in both the SOLVD prevention trial (relative risk, 1.36; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.74; P=0.02) and the treatment trial (relative risk, 1.25; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.50; P=0.02). In both trials blacks were also at higher risk for death due to pump failure and for the combined end point of death from any cause or hospitalization for heart failure, our two predefined indicators of the progression of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Blacks with mild-to-moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction appear to be at higher risk for progression of heart failure and death from any cause than similarly treated whites. These results suggest that there may be racial differences in the outcome of asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction.  (+info)

The effect of race and sex on physicians' recommendations for cardiac catheterization. (7/13036)

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have reported differences in the use of cardiovascular procedures according to the race and sex of the patient. Whether the differences stem from differences in the recommendations of physicians remains uncertain. METHODS: We developed a computerized survey instrument to assess physicians' recommendations for managing chest pain. Actors portrayed patients with particular characteristics in scripted interviews about their symptoms. A total of 720 physicians at two national meetings of organizations of primary care physicians participated in the survey. Each physician viewed a recorded interview and was given other data about a hypothetical patient. He or she then made recommendations about that patient's care. We used multivariate logistic-regression analysis to assess the effects of the race and sex of the patients on treatment recommendations, while controlling for the physicians' assessment of the probability of coronary artery disease as well as for the age of the patient, the level of coronary risk, the type of chest pain, and the results of an exercise stress test. RESULTS: The physicians' mean (+/-SD) estimates of the probability of coronary artery disease were lower for women (probability, 64.1+/-19.3 percent, vs. 69.2+/-18.2 percent for men; P<0.001), younger patients (63.8+/-19.5 percent for patients who were 55 years old, vs. 69.5+/-17.9 percent for patients who were 70 years old; P<0.001), and patients with nonanginal pain (58.3+/-19.0 percent, vs. 64.4+/-18.3 percent for patients with possible angina and 77.1+/-14.0 percent for those with definite angina; P=0.001). Logistic-regression analysis indicated that women (odds ratio, 0.60; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 0.9; P=0.02) and blacks (odds ratio, 0.60; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 0.9; P=0.02) were less likely to be referred for cardiac catheterization than men and whites, respectively. Analysis of race-sex interactions showed that black women were significantly less likely to be referred for catheterization than white men (odds ratio, 0.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.7; P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the race and sex of a patient independently influence how physicians manage chest pain.  (+info)

Genetic polymorphism and interethnic variability of plasma paroxonase activity. (8/13036)

A method for determining plasma paroxonase activity using an auto-analyser is described. Frequency distributions for British and Indian subjects show bimodality. A study of 40 British families confirms the presence of a genetic polymorphism with regard to plasma paroxonase activity. Two phenotypes can be defined, controlled by two alleles at one autosomal locus. The frequency of the low activity phenotype is less in the Indian population than in the British population. Malay, Chinese, and African subjects fail to show obvious bimodality.  (+info)

The term "American Native Continental Ancestry Group" is not a standard medical term, but it generally refers to individuals who have ancestral origins in the indigenous populations of North, Central, or South America. This group includes people who identify as American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islander.

It's important to note that this term is often used in genetic research to categorize participants based on their self-reported ancestry or genetic markers associated with certain populations. However, the use of such categories can be controversial because they oversimplify the complex and diverse histories of indigenous peoples and may perpetuate harmful stereotypes or misunderstandings.

Therefore, it is generally recommended to use more specific and culturally sensitive terms when referring to individuals' ancestry or cultural backgrounds.

The term "European Continental Ancestry Group" is a medical/ethnic classification that refers to individuals who trace their genetic ancestry to the continent of Europe. This group includes people from various ethnic backgrounds and nationalities, such as Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western European descent. It is often used in research and medical settings for population studies or to identify genetic patterns and predispositions to certain diseases that may be more common in specific ancestral groups. However, it's important to note that this classification can oversimplify the complex genetic diversity within and between populations, and should be used with caution.

The term "African Continental Ancestry Group" is a racial category used in the field of genetics and population health to describe individuals who have ancestral origins in the African continent. This group includes people from diverse ethnic backgrounds, cultures, and languages across the African continent. It's important to note that this term is used for genetic and epidemiological research purposes and should not be used to make assumptions about an individual's personal identity, culture, or experiences.

It's also worth noting that there is significant genetic diversity within Africa, and using a single category to describe all individuals with African ancestry can oversimplify this diversity. Therefore, it's more accurate and informative to specify the particular population or region of African ancestry when discussing genetic research or health outcomes.

The term "Asian Continental Ancestry Group" is a medical/ethnic classification used to describe a person's genetic background and ancestry. According to this categorization, individuals with origins in the Asian continent are grouped together. This includes populations from regions such as East Asia (e.g., China, Japan, Korea), South Asia (e.g., India, Pakistan, Bangladesh), Southeast Asia (e.g., Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand), and Central Asia (e.g., Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan). It is important to note that this broad categorization may not fully capture the genetic diversity within these regions or accurately reflect an individual's specific ancestral origins.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Oceanic Ancestry Group" is not a standard medical term or classification. It seems to be a general term that refers to people who have ancestral origins in the Oceanic region, which includes countries like Australia, New Zealand, and various islands in the Pacific Ocean.

In genetic or genealogical contexts, it might refer to a group of populations sharing certain genetic characteristics due to their geographical and historical connections. However, it's important to note that such classifications can be oversimplified and may not accurately reflect the complex genetic histories and cultural identities of individuals.

If you're looking for a medical term related to ancestry or genetics, you might be thinking of "racial" or "ethnic" categories, which are sometimes used in medical research or clinical settings to describe patterns of disease risk or treatment response. However, these categories are also flawed and can oversimplify the genetic and cultural diversity within and between populations. It's generally more useful and accurate to consider each individual's unique genetic and environmental factors when considering their health and medical needs.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Europe" is a geographical and political designation, rather than a medical one. It refers to the continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Europe is made up of approximately 50 countries, depending on how one defines a "country."

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help answer them!

The European Union (EU) is not a medical term or organization, but rather a political and economic union of 27 European countries. It is primarily involved in matters related to policy, law, and trade, and does not have a direct role in the provision or regulation of healthcare services, except in certain specific areas such as pharmaceutical regulations and cross-border healthcare directives.

Therefore, there is no medical definition for "European Union."

I'm sorry for any confusion, but it seems there might be a misunderstanding in your question. Genealogy and heraldry are two distinct subjects, each with its own definition. I will provide you with their separate definitions:

1. Genealogy - This is the study of family history, lineages, and descent. It involves researching ancestral origins, relationships, and historical records to construct a family tree or pedigree. Genealogists use various resources like birth, marriage, and death certificates; census records; church records; and DNA testing to trace the connections between individuals and families over generations.

2. Heraldry - This is the study of armorial bearings, also known as coats of arms. Heraldry involves the design, description, and use of these symbols, which were historically used by nobility, knights, and other privileged classes to identify themselves in battle, on seals, and in civic life. The heraldic elements often include shields, helmets, crests, mottoes, and other insignia that convey information about the bearer's ancestry, rank, occupation, or achievements.

While genealogy and heraldry can sometimes intersect (e.g., when studying the historical records of noble families with coats of arms), they are not inherently related as subjects within the medical field.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) is a type of genetic variation that occurs when a single nucleotide (A, T, C, or G) in the DNA sequence is altered. This alteration must occur in at least 1% of the population to be considered a SNP. These variations can help explain why some people are more susceptible to certain diseases than others and can also influence how an individual responds to certain medications. SNPs can serve as biological markers, helping scientists locate genes that are associated with disease. They can also provide information about an individual's ancestry and ethnic background.

Population Genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with the genetic composition of populations and how this composition changes over time. It involves the study of the frequency and distribution of genes and genetic variations in populations, as well as the evolutionary forces that contribute to these patterns, such as mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection.

Population genetics can provide insights into a wide range of topics, including the history and relationships between populations, the genetic basis of diseases and other traits, and the potential impacts of environmental changes on genetic diversity. This field is important for understanding evolutionary processes at the population level and has applications in areas such as conservation biology, medical genetics, and forensic science.

A Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) is an analytical approach used in genetic research to identify associations between genetic variants, typically Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and specific traits or diseases across the entire genome. This method involves scanning the genomes of many individuals, usually thousands, to find genetic markers that occur more frequently in people with a particular disease or trait than in those without it.

The goal of a GWAS is to identify genetic loci (positions on chromosomes) associated with a trait or disease, which can help researchers understand the underlying genetic architecture and biological mechanisms contributing to the condition. It's important to note that while GWAS can identify associations between genetic variants and traits/diseases, these studies do not necessarily prove causation. Further functional validation studies are often required to confirm the role of identified genetic variants in the development or progression of a trait or disease.

Genotype, in genetics, refers to the complete heritable genetic makeup of an individual organism, including all of its genes. It is the set of instructions contained in an organism's DNA for the development and function of that organism. The genotype is the basis for an individual's inherited traits, and it can be contrasted with an individual's phenotype, which refers to the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism that result from the expression of its genes in combination with environmental influences.

It is important to note that an individual's genotype is not necessarily identical to their genetic sequence. Some genes have multiple forms called alleles, and an individual may inherit different alleles for a given gene from each parent. The combination of alleles that an individual inherits for a particular gene is known as their genotype for that gene.

Understanding an individual's genotype can provide important information about their susceptibility to certain diseases, their response to drugs and other treatments, and their risk of passing on inherited genetic disorders to their offspring.

A haplotype is a group of genes or DNA sequences that are inherited together from a single parent. It refers to a combination of alleles (variant forms of a gene) that are located on the same chromosome and are usually transmitted as a unit. Haplotypes can be useful in tracing genetic ancestry, understanding the genetic basis of diseases, and developing personalized medical treatments.

In population genetics, haplotypes are often used to study patterns of genetic variation within and between populations. By comparing haplotype frequencies across populations, researchers can infer historical events such as migrations, population expansions, and bottlenecks. Additionally, haplotypes can provide information about the evolutionary history of genes and genomic regions.

In clinical genetics, haplotypes can be used to identify genetic risk factors for diseases or to predict an individual's response to certain medications. For example, specific haplotypes in the HLA gene region have been associated with increased susceptibility to certain autoimmune diseases, while other haplotypes in the CYP450 gene family can affect how individuals metabolize drugs.

Overall, haplotypes provide a powerful tool for understanding the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases, as well as for developing personalized medical treatments based on an individual's genetic makeup.

Gene frequency, also known as allele frequency, is a measure in population genetics that reflects the proportion of a particular gene or allele (variant of a gene) in a given population. It is calculated as the number of copies of a specific allele divided by the total number of all alleles at that genetic locus in the population.

For example, if we consider a gene with two possible alleles, A and a, the gene frequency of allele A (denoted as p) can be calculated as follows:

p = (number of copies of allele A) / (total number of all alleles at that locus)

Similarly, the gene frequency of allele a (denoted as q) would be:

q = (number of copies of allele a) / (total number of all alleles at that locus)

Since there are only two possible alleles for this gene in this example, p + q = 1. These frequencies can help researchers understand genetic diversity and evolutionary processes within populations.

Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA sequences among individuals and populations. These variations can result from mutations, genetic recombination, or gene flow between populations. Genetic variation is essential for evolution by providing the raw material upon which natural selection acts. It can occur within a single gene, between different genes, or at larger scales, such as differences in the number of chromosomes or entire sets of chromosomes. The study of genetic variation is crucial in understanding the genetic basis of diseases and traits, as well as the evolutionary history and relationships among species.

A gene pool refers to the total sum of genes contained within a population of interbreeding individuals of a species. It includes all the variations of genes, or alleles, that exist in that population. The concept of a gene pool is important in understanding genetic diversity and how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.

The size and diversity of a gene pool can have significant implications for the long-term survival and adaptability of a species. A larger and more diverse gene pool can provide a species with greater resistance to diseases, environmental changes, and other threats, as there is a wider variety of traits and genetic combinations available. On the other hand, a smaller or less diverse gene pool may make a species more susceptible to genetic disorders, reduced fitness, and extinction.

Geneticists and population biologists often study gene pools to understand the evolutionary history and dynamics of populations, as well as to inform conservation efforts for endangered species.

Genetic predisposition to disease refers to an increased susceptibility or vulnerability to develop a particular illness or condition due to inheriting specific genetic variations or mutations from one's parents. These genetic factors can make it more likely for an individual to develop a certain disease, but it does not guarantee that the person will definitely get the disease. Environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and interactions between genes also play crucial roles in determining if a genetically predisposed person will actually develop the disease. It is essential to understand that having a genetic predisposition only implies a higher risk, not an inevitable outcome.

African Americans are defined as individuals who have ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa. This term is often used to describe people living in the United States who have total or partial descent from enslaved African peoples. The term does not refer to a single ethnicity but is a broad term that includes various ethnic groups with diverse cultures, languages, and traditions. It's important to note that some individuals may prefer to identify as Black or of African descent rather than African American, depending on their personal identity and background.

I believe you are asking for a description or explanation of the indigenous peoples of South America, rather than a "medical definition." A medical definition would typically apply to a condition or disease. Here is some information about the indigenous peoples of South America:

The indigenous peoples of South America are the original inhabitants of the continent and its islands, who lived there before the European colonization. They include a wide variety of ethnic groups, languages, and cultures, with distinct histories and traditions. Many indigenous communities in South America have faced significant challenges, including displacement from their lands, marginalization, and discrimination.

According to estimates by the United Nations, there are approximately 45 million indigenous people in Latin America, of which about 30 million live in South America. They represent around 7% of the total population of South America. Indigenous peoples in South America can be found in all countries, with the largest populations in Bolivia (62%), Guatemala (41%), and Peru (25%).

Indigenous peoples in South America have a rich cultural heritage, including unique languages, arts, and spiritual practices. Many of these cultures are under threat due to globalization, urbanization, and the loss of traditional lands and resources. In recent years, there has been increased recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples in international law, including the right to self-determination, cultural heritage, and free, prior, and informed consent for projects that affect their territories. However, significant challenges remain, and many indigenous communities continue to face violence, discrimination, and poverty.

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.

A genetic locus (plural: loci) is a specific location on a chromosome where a particular gene or DNA sequence is found. It is the precise position where a specific genetic element, such as a gene or marker, is located on a chromsomere. This location is defined in terms of its relationship to other genetic markers and features on the same chromosome. Genetic loci can be used in linkage and association studies to identify the inheritance patterns and potential relationships between genes and various traits or diseases.

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) is a term used in genetics that refers to the non-random association of alleles at different loci (genetic locations) on a chromosome. This means that certain combinations of genetic variants, or alleles, at different loci occur more frequently together in a population than would be expected by chance.

Linkage disequilibrium can arise due to various factors such as genetic drift, selection, mutation, and population structure. It is often used in the context of genetic mapping studies to identify regions of the genome that are associated with particular traits or diseases. High levels of LD in a region of the genome suggest that the loci within that region are in linkage, meaning they tend to be inherited together.

The degree of LD between two loci can be measured using various statistical methods, such as D' and r-squared. These measures provide information about the strength and direction of the association between alleles at different loci, which can help researchers identify causal genetic variants underlying complex traits or diseases.

An ethnic group is a category of people who identify with each other based on shared ancestry, language, culture, history, and/or physical characteristics. The concept of an ethnic group is often used in the social sciences to describe a population that shares a common identity and a sense of belonging to a larger community.

Ethnic groups can be distinguished from racial groups, which are categories of people who are defined by their physical characteristics, such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features. While race is a social construct based on physical differences, ethnicity is a cultural construct based on shared traditions, beliefs, and practices.

It's important to note that the concept of ethnic groups can be complex and fluid, as individuals may identify with multiple ethnic groups or switch their identification over time. Additionally, the boundaries between different ethnic groups can be blurred and contested, and the ways in which people define and categorize themselves and others can vary across cultures and historical periods.

An allele is a variant form of a gene that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. Alleles are alternative forms of the same gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same locus or position on homologous chromosomes.

Each person typically inherits two copies of each gene, one from each parent. If the two alleles are identical, a person is said to be homozygous for that trait. If the alleles are different, the person is heterozygous.

For example, the ABO blood group system has three alleles, A, B, and O, which determine a person's blood type. If a person inherits two A alleles, they will have type A blood; if they inherit one A and one B allele, they will have type AB blood; if they inherit two B alleles, they will have type B blood; and if they inherit two O alleles, they will have type O blood.

Alleles can also influence traits such as eye color, hair color, height, and other physical characteristics. Some alleles are dominant, meaning that only one copy of the allele is needed to express the trait, while others are recessive, meaning that two copies of the allele are needed to express the trait.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Trinidad and Tobago" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in the southern Caribbean Sea, off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. The country is an archipelago, consisting of two main islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous smaller islands.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help!

A human genome is the complete set of genetic information contained within the 23 pairs of chromosomes found in the nucleus of most human cells. It includes all of the genes, which are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins, as well as non-coding regions of DNA that regulate gene expression and provide structural support to the chromosomes.

The human genome contains approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA and is estimated to contain around 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The sequencing of the human genome was completed in 2003 as part of the Human Genome Project, which has had a profound impact on our understanding of human biology, disease, and evolution.

Genetic markers are specific segments of DNA that are used in genetic mapping and genotyping to identify specific genetic locations, diseases, or traits. They can be composed of short tandem repeats (STRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), or variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). These markers are useful in various fields such as genetic research, medical diagnostics, forensic science, and breeding programs. They can help to track inheritance patterns, identify genetic predispositions to diseases, and solve crimes by linking biological evidence to suspects or victims.

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is not a medical term, but a statistical technique that is used in various fields including bioinformatics and medicine. It is a method used to identify patterns in high-dimensional data by reducing the dimensionality of the data while retaining most of the variation in the dataset.

In medical or biological research, PCA may be used to analyze large datasets such as gene expression data or medical imaging data. By applying PCA, researchers can identify the principal components, which are linear combinations of the original variables that explain the maximum amount of variance in the data. These principal components can then be used for further analysis, visualization, and interpretation of the data.

PCA is a widely used technique in data analysis and has applications in various fields such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and medical imaging. It helps researchers to identify patterns and relationships in complex datasets, which can lead to new insights and discoveries in medical research.

... making them the primary European ancestral group. French ancestry is high, due to white French fleeing Haiti after independence ... The Spanish Caribbean also has higher Canarian influence compared to continental Latin America, ... This mixture of European (especially Canarian), West African, and Taino is heavily reflected in the culture. The term is used ... Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-56720-138-3. Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2020-08-25. Luis ...
... continental groups added a much smaller degree of variation (3-8%; 6-11%, respectively). CEU - Utah residents with ancestry ... European population groups". Most individual participants with southern European ancestry (Italians, Greeks, Portuguese, ... Europe portal Evolutionary biology portal History portal General Archaeogenetics Ethnic groups in Europe European studies ... Europeans, compared to Middle Easterners, have less "basal" ancestry (ancestry inferred to have diverged before the diverging ...
Racial categories in Latin America are often linked to both continental ancestry or mixture as inferred from phenotypical ... white or Europeans, afro Peruvian, and Asian Peruvians. Ethnic groups or indigenous individuals are all treated as Peruvian.[ ... mixed African and European) Subdivisions for these include "Trigueño" which means a person of Mediterranean ancestry or ... Brazilians are made up of a mixed race of individuals with native Brazilian ancestry, Portuguese or other European,Asian and ...
WHGs also contributed ancestry to other ancient groups such as Early European Farmers (EEF), who were, however, mostly of ... ancestry from EEF with the rest coming from WHG in continental Europe. They subsequently replaced most of the WHG population in ... 25% WHG ancestry, which is significantly higher than Middle Neolithic groups of Central Europe. A seminal 2014 study first ... The WHG are estimated to have contributed between 20-30% ancestry to Neolithic EEF groups throughout Europe. Specific adaptions ...
"Oriental Continental Ancestry Group, "African Continental Ancestry Group" and "European Continental Ancestry Group" for " ... Recent genetic research indicates that the degree of genetic heterogeneity within groups and homogeneity across groups make ... Rushton's book is focused on what he considers the three broadest racial groups, and does not address other populations such as ... Rushton, J. Philippe (January 1985). "Differential K theory: The sociobiology of individual and group differences". Personality ...
European Continental Ancestry Group (=012) Asian Continental Ancestry Group (=013) African Continental Ancestry Group (=014) ... Oceanic Ancestry Group (=017) American Native Continental Ancestry Group (=1/=8) Linguistic-cultural groups, ethnic groups, ... Table 1e (=...) Common auxiliaries of human ancestry, ethnic grouping and nationality. Table 1f "..." Common auxiliaries of ... time and ethnic grouping facets are expressed through combination with common auxiliaries of place (Table 1d), ethnic grouping ...
... of their ancestry being derived from that group, while having one of the highest amounts of Continental North European (43.8- ... 50.7%), and the highest amount of Continental West European (32.2-43.1%) ancestry in all of England. East Anglia was the most ... In a 2022 study by Joscha Gretzinger et al., the populations of Norfolk and Suffolk were found to be the group with the lowest ... East Anglia has been cited by a number of scholars as being a region where settlement of continental Germanic speakers was ...
Pre-Indo-European and Indo-European speaking pre-Celtic groups: (Iberians, Lusitani, Vettones, Turdetani, Aquitani, Conii). ... found Sub-Saharan ancestry in many parts of southern Europe at ranges of between 1-3%, "the highest proportion of African ... Spanish Basques and Valencian Spaniards found Iberian populations to cluster the furthest from other continental groups, ... "Moors and Saracens in Europe: estimating the medieval North African male legacy in southern Europe". European Journal of Human ...
... european continental ancestry group MeSH M01.686.508.600 - oceanic ancestry group MeSH M01.686.754 - ethnic groups MeSH M01.686 ... continental population groups MeSH M01.686.508.100 - african continental ancestry group MeSH M01.686.508.100.100 - african ... american native continental ancestry group MeSH M01.686.508.150.575 - central american indians MeSH M01.686.508.150.600 - north ... asian continental ancestry group MeSH M01.686.508.200.100 - asian americans MeSH M01.686.508.400 - ...
... ancestry from Aegean farmers with the rest coming from Western Hunter-Gatherers in continental Europe. They subsequently ... among European Mesolithic HGs are distinctly different from the YDNA lineages of the European Early Neolithic farmer groups, ... Western European Hunter-Gatherers: WHG) with whom they mixed in continental Europe, indicating that local WHG in Britain ... DNA studies indicate that early European farmers had a predominantly Aegean ancestry, although their agricultural techniques ...
... or if of mixed European ancestry, identify with a more recent and differentiated ethnic group. In the 1980 census, 49.6 million ... of all European Americans in the Continental United States as of 1790, 82.1% were English, followed by 7.0% Scotch, 5.6% German ... of the European ancestry. The same 1909 data for each state (of the total European population only) of English ancestry were ... Ancestry: 2000 - Census 2000 Brief First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question - by Detailed Ancestry Code: ...
Italian Australians are Australians of Italian ancestry, and comprise the largest non Anglo-Celtic European ethnic group in ... Following the Second World War, large numbers of continental Europeans immigrated to Australia, with Italian Australians and ... These ancestry responses are classified into broad standardised ancestry groups. At the 2021 census, the number of ancestry ... North-West European and 11.2% Southern and Eastern European). The proportion of Australians with European ancestry is thought ...
For example, when clustering a population of East Asians and Europeans, each group will likely form its own respective cluster ... where ancestry information is more likely to be meaningful when considering genetic ancestry. Novembre, John; Ramachandran, ... and clustering methods have been notably applied to describe admixed continental populations. Genetic clustering and HGDP ... Early studies of within and between-group genetic variation used physical phenotypes and blood groups, with modern genetic ...
His father Julio is recognized as the most commercially successful continental European singer in the world. Iglesias was ... Julio Iglesias Puga was kidnapped by the armed Basque group ETA. When Enrique was six years old he lived for a year in the ... His father's family is from Galicia and Andalusia; his father also claims some Jewish and Puerto Rican ancestry on his mother's ... In Europe, the second single was "Tired of Being Sorry", which performed well in many countries; he recorded a version of the ...
... ethnic groups as well as a significant population of mixed-race people who have ancestry from more than one ethnic group. A ... Small groups of foreign students from Europe or the Indian Ocean region are also present. Recent years have seen a steady flow ... Mauritius also contains substantial populations from continental Africa, China, France, and the East African island nation of ... While the government officially groups Mauritians into four ethnic groups - Hindus, Muslims, Chinese, and General Population - ...
They have a multicultural mix of inhabitants with Asian and European Australian ancestry, and were uninhabited when discovered ... In neighbouring Thailand, the Thais are the largest ethnic group in the country but is divided into several regional Tai groups ... The non-continental Australian external territories of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are sometimes considered ... European colonisation exploited natural resources and labour from the lands they conquered, and attempted to spread European ...
... sample of skeletons from the cemetery showed that most were identical to a reference group of Continental northern European ( ... consequently of mixed ancestry. WBI ancestry entered again one generation later, as visible in near 50:50 mixed-ancestry ... Down the pedigree, we then see the integration of a female into this group, who herself had unadmixed WBI ancestry (grave 304 ... and a quarter the western European profile, indicating that many of the people buried had ancestry in that region. Fordcroft ...
James B. Minahan (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: a Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. Westport and London: ... Reich has written that the derived SNP for blond hair entered continental Europe by way of a massive population migration from ... in central and western Europe today likely derive from a massive migration of people bearing Ancient North Eurasian ancestry, ... Depictions of relations between blond European men and dark-haired Arab women have even been used as an allegory for European ...
... of European ancestry. Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th ... "mtDNA-haplogroup membership provides limited information about either continental ancestry or continental region of origin." Y- ... The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from ... A man's patrilineal ancestry, or male-line ancestry, can be traced using the DNA on his Y-chromosome (Y-DNA), because the Y- ...
... among Europeans 15 percent were group B and 40 percent group A. Eastern Europeans and Russians had a higher incidence of group ... When one samples continental groups, the clusters become continental; with other sampling patterns, the clusters would be ... Hispanics have European, Native American and African ancestry. In Brazil there has been extensive admixture between Europeans, ... or group) corresponds to only one ethnic group. African Americans have an estimated 20-25-percent European genetic admixture; ...
This Hg of European origin is most prominent in the Balkans and Eastern Europe, especially among Slavic speaking groups. Pamjav ... "of recent genealogical ancestry over the past 3,000 years at a continental scale", the speakers of Serbo-Croatian language ... S7.6 "East Europe": The difference between the 'East Europe I' and 'East Europe II' analyses is that the latter analysis ... "We speculate that the second event seen in our six Eastern Europe populations between northern European and southern European ...
According to 2013 autosomal IBD survey "of recent genealogical ancestry over the past 3,000 years at a continental scale", the ... P. Ralph (2013). "The Geography of Recent Genetic Ancestry across Europe". PLOS Biology. 11 (5): e105090. doi:10.1371/journal. ... The 2019 study of ethnic groups of Tuzla Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs) found "close gene ... intermediate between South Europe and Eastern Europe, in line with their geographic location. According to the same study, ...
... many individuals affiliate with two or more continental groups. Thus, the genetically based "biogeographical ancestry" assigned ... May 2013). "Higher levels of neanderthal ancestry in East Asians than in Europeans". Genetics. 194 (1): 199-209. doi:10.1534/ ... that some human groups are parental to other groups and that these groups represent paraphyletic groups to their descent groups ... of the variation in human head shapes occurs within continental groups, and ~10% separates groups, with a greater variability ...
... from which the European subgroup splits further into three groups of Western, Eastern and Southeastern Europeans. The DNA ... criterion seems most appropriate to group data by taking the ancestry into account and produce subdatabases with respect to ... Continental Metapopulations in the YHRD comprises all individuals sampled in a particular continent regardless of their ... Thus, the population groups are more similar within the metapopulation than to groups outside the metapopulation. The concept ...
... who arrived from continental Europe in the 5th century. Those dialects became known as Englisc (literally "Anglish"), the ... It was during the Viking invasions of the Anglo-Saxon period that Old English was influenced by contact with Norse, a group of ... less than a quarter of the vocabulary of Modern English is derived from the shared ancestry with other West Germanic languages ... In Europe, English received a more central role particularly since 1919, when the Treaty of Versailles was composed not only in ...
Once established they had the advantage of easy communication with continental territories in Europe via the North Sea or the ... The authors estimate the effective contributions to modern English ancestry are 41% north continental, 34% British iron age, ... grouped with others of the same kin group. Each such household head had a number of less-free dependants and slaves. The ... In Oppenheimer's view, this is evidence that the Belgae and other continental people - and hence continental genetic markers ...
512 Following the French and British Isles origin groups, Continental European communities were the largest in Canada, and grew ... As data were collected by self-declaration, ethnic groups may not necessarily correspond to the true ancestry of respondents. ... The major panethnic origin groups in Canada are: European (52.5%), North American (22.9%), Asian (19.3%), North American ... when the continental European population stood at approximately 236,043 persons or 6.8 percent of the total Canadian population ...
There were also a few people from continental Europe. An eyewitness testimony right after the sinking refers to a survivor who ... A group of six skeletons was found grouped close to one of the 2-tonne bronze culverins on the main deck near the bow. Fusing ... At least one crewmember was of African ancestry. In general they were strong, well-fed men, but many of the bones also reveal ... Another group led by Lieutenant-Commander Alan Bax of the Royal Navy, sponsored by the Committee for Nautical Archaeology in ...
2022) found that average Early European Farmer ancestry increased in some populations of North-Central Europe and Britain ... The authors emphasise that their results "do not prove that Czech_LBA_Knoviz is the continental European origin of the Margetts ... "striking in light of the fact that some scholars have hypothesized Central European Urnfield groups like Knoviz to have links ... which cannot explain all of the ancestry convergence across Europe in this time, but may explain some of it." Y-DNA haplogroups ...
... had been born in continental Europe. Since the first wave of immigration, the majority of German Canadians were more or less ... Attracted by high wages, German immigrants in British Columbia consisted of two main groups: a large group of skilled workers ... By 1911, 4.5% of British Columbia's population were people of German or Austro-Hungarian ancestry. Approximately 11,880 people ... Nonetheless, it is to be noted that German and Lutheran are not unitary categories and that these groups overlap but can differ ...
Tag Archives: European Continental Ancestry Group. The phenotypic legacy of admixture between modern humans and Neandertals.. ... and candidate gene SNPs necessary to infer continental ancestry. Proportions of African and European ancestry were assessed ... A small number of candidate gene SNPs reveal continental ancestry in African Americans.. Posted on January 2, 2013. August 16, ... derived phenotypes in 28,000 adults of European ancestry. We discovered and replicated associations of […] ...
... making them the primary European ancestral group. French ancestry is high, due to white French fleeing Haiti after independence ... The Spanish Caribbean also has higher Canarian influence compared to continental Latin America, ... This mixture of European (especially Canarian), West African, and Taino is heavily reflected in the culture. The term is used ... Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-56720-138-3. Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2020-08-25. Luis ...
Ancestry data support the grouping of Kwadi-Khoe, Kxa, and Tuu languages, support the exclusion of Omotic languages from the ... Ancestry data yield insight into a deeper past than linguistic data can, while linguistic data provide clarity to ancestry data ... and relationships among ancestries and language groups. We compiled publicly available genome-wide genotype data on 5,966 ... The best evidence supports 21 ancestries that delineate genetic structure of present-day human populations. Independent of self ...
Adult, Alleles, Body Mass Index, European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic ... European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; ... combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry. : combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry ... combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry. : combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry ...
... when controlling for genetic ancestry. Finally, we capture four expression quantitative trait loci that interact with the ... of different environment exposures on the transcriptome and clinical endophenotypes when controlling for genetic ancestry by ... overpowering that of genetic ancestry. Air pollution impacts gene expression and pathways affecting cardio-metabolic and ... different regional ancestries, same regional environment). d Between FC-locals and Europeans (different continental ancestries ...
European Continental Ancestry Group, Adult, Cohort Studies, Motor Activity, Middle Aged, Female, Male", ...
Asian Continental Ancestry Group /genetics; Depressive Disorder /drug therapy; Drug Resistance /genetics; European Continental ... Ancestry Group /genetics; Female; Genotype; Humans; Introns /genetics; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins /genetics /physiology; ...
CW people moving into Scandinavia from continental Europe bringing in new genetic ancestry and mixing with existing TRB groups ... which appeared at this time exhibit genetic ancestry from European CW groups that migrated into Scandinavia but also exhibit ... these people originated from CW groups that moved to southern Scandinavia from continental Europe. ... 2014; Prescott 2005; Simonsen 2017; Vandkilde 1996). The long-distance trading networks and connections to continental Europe ...
European Continental Ancestry Group Medicine & Life Sciences 29% * Confidence Intervals Medicine & Life Sciences 19% ... In: European Urology, Vol. 53, No. 1, 01.2008, p. 99-105.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review ... The higher risk in black men compared with white men was more apparent in younger age groups (p value for interaction ,0.001). ... The higher risk in black men compared with white men was more apparent in younger age groups (p value for interaction ,0.001). ...
European Continental Ancestry Group. Jackson LJ, OBrien K, Pecora PJ. 2011. Posttraumatic stress disorder among foster care ...
European Continental Ancestry Group Medicine & Life Sciences 30% * necdin Medicine & Life Sciences 19% ...
... and as the risk factors reported here were discovered by analysing DNA from groups of European descent, it is our hope that the ... these findings will contribute to the swift analysis of the impact of these variants in cohorts of other continental ancestries ... Approximately 20% of people of European descent carry two copies of the first variant, a version of a SNP on chromosome 8q24, ... Data and sample collection in Iceland and the Netherlands was funded in part by European commission grants LSHC-CT-2005-018827 ...
European Continental Ancestry Group Medicine & Life Sciences 42% View full fingerprint Cite this. * APA ... In: Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, Vol. 19, No. 3, 05.2016, p. 374-393.. Research output: Contribution to journal › ... Minority groups who show implicit outgroup preference (African Americans, the elderly, and the overweight) are also likely to ... Rudman, LA & McLean, MC 2016, The role of appearance stigma in implicit racial ingroup bias, Group Processes and Intergroup ...
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Body Composition, European Continental Ancestry Group, Exercise Test ... African Continental Ancestry Group/psychology, European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology, Exercise/psychology, Focus ... METHODS: Focus groups with African Americans, non-Hispanic whites, and Hispanics. Risk ratings of light, regular, and menthol ... Groups, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Hispanic Americans/psychology, Humans, Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology, Marijuana ...
Employing pair-wise comparisons of the FST statistic between the ethnic populations grouped according to the four continental ... In European and East Asian populations, the I/D heterozygous genotype was most abundant, except in Japanese (Tokyo) and Han ... Among people of South Asian ancestry, in particular Gujarati and Telugu Indian people, the D/D genotype was nearly absent and ... The same group of researchers, working at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, in collaboration with colleagues at the University of ...
European Continental Ancestry Group. Conner KO, Copeland VCarr, Grote NK, Koeske G, Rosen D, Reynolds CF, Brown C. 2010. Mental ...
European Continental Ancestry Group 76% * minority 56% * Who is a typical woman? Exploring variation in how race biases ... Craig, M. A. & Lee, M. M., Apr 2022, In: Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. 25, 3, p. 661-681 21 p.. Research output: ... M. & Jost, J. T., Dec 2022, In: European Journal of Social Psychology. 52, 7, p. 994-1014 21 p.. Research output: Contribution ... Knowles, E. D., Tropp, L. R. & Mogami, M., Apr 2022, In: Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. 25, 3, p. 768-790 23 p.. ...
European Continental Ancestry Group 37% * Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity 23% * Central hemodynamic response to activation ... Caregiver support groups: Factors affecting use of services. Monahan, D. J. & Greene, V. L., 1992, In: Social Work. 37, 3, p. ... Caregiver support groups: Factors affecting use of services. Monahan, D. J., Greene, V. L. & Coleman, P. D., May 1992, In: ... Caregiving and Social Support in Two Illness Groups. Monahan, D. J. & Hooker, K., May 1997, In: Social Work. 42, 3, p. 278-287 ...
European Continental Ancestry Group 15% * Epidemics 14% * Antiviral Agents 13% * Color 13% ...
European Continental Ancestry Group 11% * African Continental Ancestry Group 9% * Mental Health 7% ... for the HELP OLE Investigators, Mar 2022, In: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 77, 3, p. 979-990 ... on behalf of the HELP Study Investigators, Apr 2021, In: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 76, 4, p ... PeARL collaborators, on behalf of the PeARL Think Tank, Jun 2021, In: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical ...
European Continental Ancestry Group 15% * oxidized low density lipoprotein 11% * African Continental Ancestry Group 10% ... Determinants of cognitive performance and decline in 20 diverse ethno-regional groups: A COSMIC collaboration cohort study. ...
European Continental Ancestry Group (2) * Female (2) * Humans (2) * Male (2) * Middle Aged (2) ...
European Continental Ancestry Group 91% * Plague 86% * Hospitalization 73% * African Continental Ancestry Group 64% ...
African Continental Ancestry Group 67% * European Continental Ancestry Group 28% * Breast Neoplasms 14% ... Correlation of the Ki67 Working Group prognostic risk categories with the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score in early breast cancer. ...
European Continental Ancestry Group 36% * student 34% View all 17 Research outputs ... Social and Emotional Learning Group Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Reopening, and the Mobilization for Racial Justice. ... She is particularly interested in the role that stereotyping plays in the "achievement gaps" between different groups of ... funded by the European Union and the United States Department of Education. She received her Masters degree in Social Work ( ...
European Continental Ancestry Group 8% * Prescriptions 7% * Logistic Models 5% * Clinical Trials 5% ...
European Continental Ancestry Group Medicine & Life Sciences 85% * African Continental Ancestry Group Medicine & Life Sciences ...
European Continental Ancestry Group Medicine & Life Sciences 60% * Cold Arts & Humanities 58% ... Avoidant attachment style predicts less positive evaluations of warm (but not cold) social groups. Group Processes and ... social groups. In: Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. 2018 ; Vol. 21, No. 1. pp. 19-36. ... In: Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, Vol. 21, No. 1, 01.01.2018, p. 19-36.. Research output: Contribution to journal ...
... in 1 second and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity in 48,201 individuals of European ... ancestry with follow up of the top associations in up to an additional 46,411 individuals. We identified new regions showing ... Child, European Continental Ancestry Group, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, ... and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity in 48,201 individuals of European ancestry with ...
European Continental Ancestry Group. Conner KO, Copeland VCarr, Grote NK, Koeske G, Rosen D, Reynolds CF, Brown C. 2010. Mental ...
  • Using the largest multi-locus data set known to date, we investigated genetic differentiation of early modern humans, human admixture and migration events, and relationships among ancestries and language groups. (nature.com)
  • Initial efforts to characterize the movement of early humans in relation to ancestry grouped populations according to five geographical regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe/the Middle East/Central Asia/South Asia, East Asia, Oceania, and the Americas 9 . (nature.com)
  • Using genetic data from an obesity candidate gene study of self-reported African Americans and European Americans, we investigated the number of Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs) and candidate gene SNPs necessary to infer continental ancestry. (icompbio.net)
  • The best evidence supports 21 ancestries that delineate genetic structure of present-day human populations. (nature.com)
  • From ∼ 1000 individuals of a founder population in Quebec, we reveal a substantial impact of the environment on the transcriptome and clinical endophenotypes, overpowering that of genetic ancestry. (nature.com)
  • Air pollution impacts gene expression and pathways affecting cardio-metabolic and respiratory traits, when controlling for genetic ancestry. (nature.com)
  • After attributing a regional and/or continental ancestry to each individual using genome-wide polymorphism data, we are able to capture the effect of different environmental exposures on gene expression and health-related traits, while simultaneously controlling for genetic relatedness and migration. (nature.com)
  • A recent study has confirmed that Nordic Corded Ware (CW) groups (Battle Axe Culture), which appeared at this time exhibit genetic ancestry from European CW groups that migrated into Scandinavia but also exhibit admixture from farmers, such as the TRB (Egfjord et al. (springer.com)
  • These are the best-replicated genetic variants ever linked to bladder cancer risk, and the study analysed genotypic data from more than 40,000 patients and controls from Iceland, the Netherlands and eight other European countries. (decode.com)
  • Recent genetic research indicates that the degree of genetic heterogeneity within groups and homogeneity across groups make race per se a less compelling predictor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Worldwide, its incidence has increased progressively over the last a result of genetic ancestry. (cdc.gov)
  • The majority of the indigenous populations on these islands had died out or had mixed with the European colonizers by 1520. (wikipedia.org)
  • The population frequency of the indel (rs66698963) is remarkably different among human populations with the insertion being far more frequent in South Asians, Africans and some East Asian populations, and far less common in European and other East Asian populations. (fatsoflife.com)
  • Glioma incidence is highest in non-Hispanic Whites, and to date, glioma genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to date have only included European ancestry (EA) populations. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We estimated global and local ancestry using fastStructure and RFMix, respectively, using 1,000 genomes project reference populations. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Such risk appears to be related not only to skin type, eye color, and tanning capacity but also to others specific characteristics of European populations introduced in the New World by European immigrants. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of extensive admixture among these various groups, the Brazilian population shows great variability in terms of Populations on different continents vary considerably in their skin pigmentation, phenotypic features, and genomic structure [2]. (cdc.gov)
  • In Study 2, Black American's pro-White bias was only eliminated when the attitude IAT represented their group as more attractive than Whites (i.e., when appearance stigma was reversed). (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • We analyzed the contribution of common Neandertal variants to over 1000 electronic health record (EHR)-derived phenotypes in 28,000 adults of European ancestry. (icompbio.net)
  • Therefore, we tested whether the aggregate effect of these loci is diminished in adults of European ancestry reporting high levels of physical activity. (lu.se)
  • The old descriptor ANIMALS will be changed to ANIMAL POPULATION GROUPS. (bvsalud.org)
  • By focusing on underlying ancestries rather than samples, confounding due to recent admixture is removed. (nature.com)
  • Drawing from this founding population of individuals with largely French ancestry, we selected 1007 individuals to determine mechanisms by which genomes, the environment, and their interactions contribute to phenotypic variation. (nature.com)
  • We evaluated 424 hospitalized patients (202 melanoma patients and 222 control patients) regarding phenotypic features, sun exposure, and number of grandparents born in Europe. (cdc.gov)
  • Proportions of African and European ancestry were assessed with STRUCTURE (K 2), using 276 AIMs. (icompbio.net)
  • African Americans and Hispanics in the US have varying proportions of EA, African (AA) and Native American ancestries (NAA). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Vous pouvez télécharger ici le PDF avec les descripteurs modifiés en 2022 (en anglais). (bvsalud.org)
  • Gene × physical activity interactions in obesity: combined analysis of 111,421 individuals of European ancestry. (lu.se)
  • Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , 19 (3), 374-393. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Rudman, LA & McLean, MC 2016, ' The role of appearance stigma in implicit racial ingroup bias ', Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 374-393. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Understanding how attachment avoidance may attenuate favorable attitudes toward socially warm groups can help illuminate broader processes of intergroup relations. (syr.edu)
  • Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , 21 (1), 19-36. (syr.edu)
  • Santascoy, N , Burke, S & Dovidio, JF 2018, ' Avoidant attachment style predicts less positive evaluations of warm (but not cold) social groups ', Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 19-36. (syr.edu)
  • Diagnosis rests on a combination of clinical manifestations that can develop in relation to group A streptococcal pharyngitis. (medscape.com)
  • The polymorphism was present as an insertion in cells derived from a group of Japanese individuals, but was completely absent (a deletion) in others, albeit with a lower frequency (hence called the minor allele). (fatsoflife.com)
  • Incidence of bladder cancer varies considerably between ethnicities, and as the risk factors reported here were discovered by analysing DNA from groups of European descent, it is our hope that the publication of these findings will contribute to the swift analysis of the impact of these variants in cohorts of other continental ancestries. (decode.com)
  • The patients were divided into 4 groups (Table): 1) pa- and Brazil ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In a study of 15 patients with rheumatic heart disease and a control group of 10 patients who had been exposed to group A streptococci but did not develop either acute rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease, 13 genes were differentially expressed in the same direction (predominantly decreased) between the two groups. (medscape.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of European ethnicity to the risk of cutaneous melanoma in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • In comparison to the predominantly black majority of the non-Hispanic Caribbean, but with similarities to the multi-racial continental areas of Latin America, mixed-race people are most dominant in this region. (wikipedia.org)
  • Approximately 20% of people of European descent carry two copies of the first variant, a version of a SNP on chromosome 8q24, putting them at a 50% higher risk of developing bladder cancer than those without the variant. (decode.com)
  • Strains of group A streptococci that are heavily encapsulated and rich in M protein (signifying virulence in streptococcal strains) seem to be most likely to result in infection. (medscape.com)
  • The Spanish Caribbean also has higher Canarian influence compared to continental Latin America, making them the primary European ancestral group. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in the Spanish Caribbean, the majority of the mixed-race population is made up of mulattos/tri-racials, being of mixed white Spanish, black West African, and indigenous Taino ancestry, who also make up the majority of the total population overall, especially in the Dominican Republic, as opposed to mestizos in many continental Hispanic countries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Her studies included a pre-doctoral fellowship at Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, Germany as part of the Transatlantic Consortium on Global Education and Development, funded by the European Union and the United States Department of Education. (illinois.edu)
  • Independent of self-identified ethno-linguistic labels, the vast majority (97.3%) of individuals have mixed ancestry, with evidence of multiple ancestries in 96.8% of samples and on all continents. (nature.com)
  • Two studies investigated the hypothesis that because individuals who are high on attachment avoidance tend to be disinterested in warmth in interpersonal relationships, they may respond less favorably to groups perceived as warm, attenuating the generally positive association between perceived warmth and favorable evaluation of a group. (syr.edu)
  • We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity in 48,201 individuals of European ancestry with follow up of the top associations in up to an additional 46,411 individuals. (ox.ac.uk)
  • European Journal of Social Psychology. (nyu.edu)
  • European Journal of Endocrinology. (wustl.edu)
  • In Study 1, participants responded to groups representing the four quadrants based on warmth and competence identified by the stereotype content model (e.g. (syr.edu)
  • From the abstract: 'Precision prevention involves using the unique characteristics of a particular group to determine their responses to preventive interventions. (cdc.gov)
  • Group A Streptococcus ( Streptococcus pyogenes ) is thought to cause the myriad of clinical diseases in which the host's immunologic response to bacterial antigens cross-react with various target organs in the body, resulting in molecular mimicry. (medscape.com)
  • A small number of candidate gene SNPs reveal continental ancestry in African Americans. (icompbio.net)
  • Some smaller islands were seized or ceded to other European powers as a result of war, or diplomatic agreements during the 17th and 18th centuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within groups with ≥40% AA (AFR ≥0.4 ), and ≥15% NAA (AMR ≥0.15 ), genome-wide association between local EA and glioma was evaluated using logistic regression conditioned on global EA for all gliomas. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Study 2, in which the perceived warmth of a fictitious group was experimentally manipulated, conceptually replicated the effect for attachment avoidance. (syr.edu)
  • Ancestry data support the grouping of Kwadi-Khoe, Kx'a, and Tuu languages, support the exclusion of Omotic languages from the Afroasiatic language family, and do not support the proposed Dené-Yeniseian language family as a genetically valid grouping. (nature.com)
  • However, a statistically significant interaction effect was only apparent in North American cohorts (n = 39,810, Pinteraction = 0.014 vs. n = 71,611, Pinteraction = 0.275 for Europeans). (lu.se)
  • On average, people evaluated groups higher in stereotypical warmth more positively. (syr.edu)
  • She is particularly interested in the role that stereotyping plays in the "achievement gaps" between different groups of students and how this knowledge can be leveraged for both prevention and intervention. (illinois.edu)
  • Spain also claimed the Lesser Antilles (such as Guadalupe and the Cayman Islands) but these smaller islands remained largely independent until they were conquered in the late 17th and early 18th century by other European nations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The population frequency of the allele corresponding to the rs66698963 insertion (allele named I) or deletion (allele named D) was determined from genomic DNA extracted from human samples (blood, breast milk, and placenta) obtained from several participating institutions in the US and Canada (n=211, nearly all from Kansas City), as well as from a group of Asian Indians (n=76). (fatsoflife.com)
  • Using a graph-based model of gene flow to estimate migration events from ancestry-specific allele frequencies 37 , we find evidence for migration events in the distant past. (nature.com)