A phylum of unicellular flagellates of ancient eukaryotic lineage with unclear taxonomy. They lack a CELL WALL but are covered by a proteinaceous flexible coat, the pellicle, that allows the cell to change shape. Historically some authorities considered them to be an order of protozoa and others classed them as ALGAE (some members have CHLOROPLASTS and some don't).
A large group of flagellated EUKARYOTES found in both free-living and parasitic forms. The flagella are present in pairs and contain unique paraxonemal rods.

Phylogenetic position and inter-relationships of the osmotrophic euglenids based on SSU rDNA data, with emphasis on the Rhabdomonadales (Euglenozoa). (1/18)

In order to reconstruct the evolution of euglenid flagellates, euglenozoan SSU rDNA data have been used to investigate phylogenetic relationships with a focus on osmotrophic taxa and especially on the Rhabdomonadales. The dataset consisting of the SSU rDNAs of osmotrophic, phagotrophic and phototrophic taxa was used in parsimony, maximum-likelihood and distance analyses. Five genera make up the Rhabdomonadales, all of them osmotrophic: Gyropaigne, Menoidium, Parmidium, Rhabdomonas and Rhabdospira. According to our analyses they form a strongly supported monophyletic assemblage which is characterized by a low sequence divergence compared to the euglenids in general. Closest relatives are the members of the osmotrophic genus Distigma. All primary osmotrophic species constitute a larger monophyletic group with the phototrophic euglenids and the phagotroph Peranema trichophorum. The combination of three rhabdomonadalian species Rhabdomonas gibba, Rhabdomonas spiralis and Rhabdospira spiralis with nearly identical SSU rDNA sequences is strongly recommended. The phagotroph Petalomonas cantuscygni branches at the bottom of the euglenid subtree with significantly weaker support. The inter-relationship of the three distinct euglenozoan taxa (euglenids, kinetoplastids and diplonemids) could not be convincingly resolved by this study.  (+info)

Phylogenetic analysis of phagotrophic, photomorphic and osmotrophic euglenoids by using the nuclear 18S rDNA sequence. (2/18)

Phylogenetic analyses of 35 strains including 25 previously published sequences and 10 which have been newly sequenced, representing two species of Euglena, five species of Phacus and three species of Astasia, were carried out using the SSU rDNA. Parsimony, distance and maximum-likelihood inferred phylogenies support (1) monophyly of the euglenoids, (2) kinetoplastids as the sister group, (3) the phagotrophic Petalomonas cantuscygni Cann et Pennick anchoring the base of the euglenoid lineage, (4) evolution of phototrophy within the euglenoids from a single event, (5) multiple origins of osmotrophic euglenoids and (6) polyphyly of the genera Euglena Ehrenberg and Phacus Dujardin. Analyses also indicate that Lepocinclis Perty, Trachelomonas Ehrenberg and Astasia Dujardin are polyphyletic. In addition, the results suggest that neither the Euglenales nor the Eutreptiales form a monophyletic lineage, thus questioning currently available classifications. Concerning the phagotrophic mode of nutrition, the data suggest that the feeding apparatus arose multiple times.  (+info)

New insights into the phylogenetic position of diplonemids: G+C content bias, differences of evolutionary rate and a new environmental sequence. (3/18)

The phylum Euglenozoa consists of three distinct groups: the euglenoids, diplonemids and kinetoplastids. The phylogenetic position of the diplonemids within this phylum remains unsettled, since both morphological and molecular data produce weak and contradictory results. It is shown here that taxonomic sampling, G+C content bias, mutational saturation and differences of evolutionary rate among lineages are major factors affecting the topology of the small-subunit rRNA euglenozoan tree. When these problems are minimized by using a larger diplonemid sampling (including a sequence of environmental origin) and correcting for G+C bias (by using both paralinear distances or an unbiased dataset), a diplonemids+euglenoids sisterhood is retrieved. Bootstrap support for this relationship is still moderate, but it is retrieved by all analysis methods, overcoming previously reported disagreements. In addition, the inclusion of a large number of euglenoid sequences in the analysis improves some phylogenetic relationships within this group. Some problematic taxa, such as the species Khawkinea quartana, are now placed with high bootstrap support and monophyly is found for two interesting groups (the photosynthetic genera Eutreptia+Eutreptiella and the loricate genera Strombomonas+Trachelomonas), although with weak statistical support.  (+info)

Systematics of primary osmotrophic euglenids: a molecular approach to the phylogeny of Distigma and Astasia (Euglenozoa). (4/18)

Nuclear-encoded SSU rRNA genes from nine strains of Distigma and three strains of Astasia were sequenced and analysed phylogenetically with maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony methods. It could be demonstrated that the genus Distigma is paraphyletic, consisting of two distinct clades: one comprises four strains of the type species, Distigma proteus, and the other includes four strains of Distigma curvatum, Distigma gracile, Distigma sennii and Distigma elegans. These findings are well corroborated by morphological characteristics. The investigated species of Astasia are closely related to members of the Rhabdomonadida, thus rendering the genus Astasia polyphyletic, with Astasia longa branching within the phototrophs. All of the species investigated cluster in a well-supported group of primary osmotrophic euglenids that are not derived from photosynthetic ancestors. The recovered clades are characterized by their sequence diversity. After different evolutionary rates among lineages had been determined, a modified slow-fast approach was used to differentiate phylogenetic signal from noise. Finally, a revised systematic scheme based on phylogenetic relationships is suggested to render euglenid taxonomy more transparent: primary osmotrophic euglenids are classified as Aphagea, and members of the D. curvatum group are transferred into the new subgenus Parvonema.  (+info)

Unique mitochondrial genome structure in diplonemids, the sister group of kinetoplastids. (5/18)

Kinetoplastid flagellates are characterized by uniquely massed mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs), the kinetoplasts. Kinetoplastids of the trypanosomatid group possess two types of mtDNA molecules: maxicircles bearing protein and mitoribosomal genes and minicircles specifying guide RNAs, which mediate uridine insertion/deletion RNA editing. These circles are interlocked with one another to form dense networks. Whether these peculiar mtDNA features are restricted to kinetoplastids or prevail throughout Euglenozoa (euglenids, diplonemids, and kinetoplastids) is unknown. Here, we describe the mitochondrial genome and the mitochondrial ultrastructure of Diplonema papillatum, a member of the diplonemid flagellates, the sister group of kinetoplastids. Fluorescence and electron microscopy show a single mitochondrion per cell with an ultrastructure atypical for Euglenozoa. In addition, DNA is evenly distributed throughout the organelle rather than compacted. Molecular and electron microscopy studies distinguish numerous 6- and 7-kbp-sized mitochondrial chromosomes of monomeric circular topology and relaxed conformation in vivo. Remarkably, the cox1 gene (and probably other mitochondrial genes) is fragmented, with separate gene pieces encoded on different chromosomes. Generation of the contiguous cox1 mRNA requires trans-splicing, the precise mechanism of which remains to be determined. Taken together, the mitochondrial gene/genome structure of Diplonema is not only different from that of kinetoplastids but unique among eukaryotes as a whole.  (+info)

Photoreceptor for curling behavior in Peranema trichophorum and evolution of eukaryotic rhodopsins. (6/18)

When it is gliding, the unicellular euglenoid Peranema trichophorum uses activation of the photoreceptor rhodopsin to control the probability of its curling behavior. From the curled state, the cell takes off in a new direction. In a similar manner, archaea such as Halobacterium use light activation of bacterio- and sensory rhodopsins to control the probability of reversal of the rotation direction of flagella. Each reversal causes the cell to change its direction. In neither case does the cell track light, as known for the rhodopsin-dependent eukaryotic phototaxis of fungi, green algae, cryptomonads, dinoflagellates, and animal larvae. Rhodopsin was identified in Peranema by its native action spectrum (peak at 2.43 eV or 510 nm) and by the shifted spectrum (peak at 3.73 eV or 332 nm) upon replacement of the native chromophore with the retinal analog n-hexenal. The in vivo physiological activity of n-hexenal incorporated to become a chromophore also demonstrates that charge redistribution of a short asymmetric chromophore is sufficient for receptor activation and that the following isomerization step is probably not required when the rest of the native chromophore is missing. This property seems universal among the Euglenozoa, Plant, and Fungus kingdom rhodopsins. The rhodopsins of animals have yet to be studied in this respect. The photoresponse appears to be mediated by Ca2+ influx.  (+info)

The complete chloroplast genome of the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans: evidence for independent origins of chlorarachniophyte and euglenid secondary endosymbionts. (7/18)

Chlorarachniophytes are amoeboflagellate cercozoans that acquired a plastid by secondary endosymbiosis. Chlorarachniophytes are the last major group of algae for which there is no completely sequenced plastid genome. Here we describe the 69.2-kbp chloroplast genome of the model chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans. The genome is highly reduced in size compared with plastids of other photosynthetic algae and is closer in size to genomes of several nonphotosynthetic plastids. Unlike nonphotosynthetic plastids, however, the B. natans chloroplast genome has not sustained a massive loss of genes, and it retains nearly all of the functional photosynthesis-related genes represented in the genomes of other green algae. Instead, the genome is highly compacted and gene dense. The genes are organized with a strong strand bias, and several unusual rearrangements and inversions also characterize the genome; notably, an inversion in the small-subunit rRNA gene, a translocation of 3 genes in the major ribosomal protein operon, and the fragmentation of the cluster encoding the large photosystem proteins PsaA and PsaB. The chloroplast endosymbiont is known to be a green alga, but its evolutionary origin and relationship to other primary and secondary green plastids has been much debated. A recent hypothesis proposes that the endosymbionts of chlorarachniophytes and euglenids share a common origin (the Cabozoa hypothesis). We inferred phylogenies using individual and concatenated gene sequences for all genes in the genome. Concatenated gene phylogenies show a relationship between the B. natans plastid and the ulvophyte-trebouxiophyte-chlorophyte clade of green algae to the exclusion of Euglena. The B. natans plastid is thus not closely related to that of Euglena, which suggests that plastids originated independently in these 2 groups and the Cabozoa hypothesis is false.  (+info)

The chloroplast genomes of the green algae Pyramimonas, Monomastix, and Pycnococcus shed new light on the evolutionary history of prasinophytes and the origin of the secondary chloroplasts of euglenids. (8/18)

 (+info)

Euglenida is a group of unicellular organisms that are characterized by having a flexible, elongated shape and a pair of flagella used for movement. They belong to the kingdom Protista and can be found in various aquatic environments. Some members of this group have chloroplasts and can perform photosynthesis, while others are heterotrophic and obtain their nutrients by consuming other organisms or organic matter.

Euglenids are known for their ability to change their shape and movement patterns in response to environmental stimuli, such as light and chemicals. They have a unique eyespot that detects light and helps them to navigate towards sources of light. Some euglenids also have the ability to form temporary cysts to survive unfavorable conditions.

Euglenida is a diverse group with over 700 species, some of which are important members of the plankton community in aquatic ecosystems. While they are generally harmless to humans and other animals, some species can produce toxins that can be harmful to other organisms in their environment.

Euglenozoa is a group of primarily unicellular organisms that includes both free-living and parasitic forms. It is a major clade within the eukaryotes, characterized by the presence of unique flagella with specialized structures called mastigonemes. This group includes two main classes: Euglenida, which are mostly free-living and photosynthetic; and Kinetoplastea, which include parasitic forms such as trypanosomes and leishmanias. The members of this group have diverse morphologies and life styles, ranging from free-living heterotrophs to phototrophs, and from parasites that cause serious diseases in humans and other animals to saprophytes.

Leander, B.S.; Lax, G.; Karnkowska, A.; Simpson, A.G.B. (2017). "Euglenida". In Archibald, J.M.; Simpson, A.G.B.; Slamovits, C ... "Euglenida". tolweb.org. Retrieved 2017-03-30. "Reproduction". Euglena. Retrieved 2017-03-31. Ciugulea, I.; Triemer, R. E. (2010 ... The euglenids were first defined by Otto Bütschli in 1884 as the flagellate order Euglenida, as an animal. Botanists ... Data related to Euglenoidea at Wikispecies The Euglenoid Project Tree of Life: Euglenida (Articles with short description, ...
The order Euglenales is also known by the name Euglenida. The origin of this dual naming system is because of the history of ... Euglenales (also known as Euglenida) is an order of flagellates in the phylum Euglenozoa. The family includes the most well- ... Euglenozoa, Euglenida)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-29. PMC 3374381. PMID 22401606. Kim, Jong ... and would be called Euglenida. Euglenids such as these are considered to be ambiregnal protists due to their parallel naming ...
... are represented by four major groups, i.e., Kinetoplastea, Diplonemea, Euglenida, and Symbiontida. Euglenozoa are ... Marin & Melkonian 2003; Eutreptiina Leedale 1967] Family Eutreptiaceae [Eutreptiaceae Hollande 1942] Order Euglenida Ritter von ... Busse & Preisfeld 2002; Euglenoidea Bütschli 1884; Euglenida Bütschli 1884] (Photosynthetic clade) Subclass Rapazia Cavalier- ... Cavalier-Smith, 2017 [Euglenophyta; Euglenida Buetschli 1884; Euglenoidina Buetschli 1884] Parvphylum Entosiphona Cavalier- ...
Simpson 1997 Euglenida Butschli 1884, emend. Simpson 1997 Heteronematina Leedale 1967 (P). Anisonema, Atraktomonas, Biundula, ...
doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3933 Shawhan, F. M.; Jahn, T. L. (1947). "A Survey of the Genus Petalomonas Stein (Protozoa: Euglenida ...
... is a genus of free-living phagotrophic euglenids (Euglenida; Euglenozoa; Excavata). There are more than 20 nominal ...
The Euglenoid Project Tree of Life web project: Euglenida Protist Images: Euglena Euglena at Droplet - Microscopy of the ...
... euglenida MeSH B01.500.841.750.443.575.250.320 - euglena MeSH B01.500.841.750.443.575.250.320.418 - euglena gracilis MeSH ...
It is not classified in any of the three well-known groups of the Euglenozoa (Kinetoplastida, Euglenida or Diplonemida), but is ...
... can refer to: A type of galley developed in the 4th century BC A genus of Euglenida An alternative spelling for ...
... plants or fungi Phylum Euglenida - Class of protozoans Phylum Kinetoplastida - Flagellated protists belonging to the phylum ...
W przypadku klejnotek (Euglenida, Euglenozoa, Discoba) dotychczasowe informacje są nader skąpe.. Głównym celem przedstawionego ... Characterization of circular extrachromosomal DNA in euglenids (Euglenida) Characterization of circular extrachromosomal DNA in ... euglenids (Euglenida). Koliste cząsteczki DNA (eccDNA) występują powszechnie w komórkach eukariotycznych. Poza materiałem ...
Leander, B.S.; Lax, G.; Karnkowska, A.; Simpson, A.G.B. (2017). "Euglenida". In Archibald, J.M.; Simpson, A.G.B.; Slamovits, C ... "Euglenida". tolweb.org. Retrieved 2017-03-30. "Reproduction". Euglena. Retrieved 2017-03-31. Ciugulea, I.; Triemer, R. E. (2010 ... The euglenids were first defined by Otto Bütschli in 1884 as the flagellate order Euglenida, as an animal. Botanists ... Data related to Euglenoidea at Wikispecies The Euglenoid Project Tree of Life: Euglenida (Articles with short description, ...
Our aim was to map the distribution of MAT/MATX genes within the Euglenida in order to more comprehensively characterize the ... Szabová, J., Yubuki, N., Leander, B.S. et al. The evolution of paralogous enzymes MAT and MATX within the Euglenida and beyond ... The evolution of paralogous enzymes MAT and MATX within the Euglenida and beyond. *Jana Szabová. 1,2, ... The Euglenida is a large group of marine and freshwater eukaryotic flagellates with diverse modes of nutrition, including ...
Morfologická variabilita rodu Trachelomonas (Euglenophyceae, Euglenida). J. Juráň. Pecková. Tereza. Vliv dostupnosti živin na ...
Linton, E. W., Hittner, D., Lewandowski, C., Auld, T. & Triemer, R. E., 1999, In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 46, 4, p. 444 1 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate ...
Euglenida - about 50 µm Euglenida - about 90 µm Colacium - bodies about 20-25 µm ...
N2 - Euglenoids (Euglenida) are unicellular flagellates possessing exceptionally wide geographical and ecological distribution ... AB - Euglenoids (Euglenida) are unicellular flagellates possessing exceptionally wide geographical and ecological distribution ... Euglenoids (Euglenida) are unicellular flagellates possessing exceptionally wide geographical and ecological distribution. ... abstract = "Euglenoids (Euglenida) are unicellular flagellates possessing exceptionally wide geographical and ecological ...
... illuminating conserved features of Euglenida mitochondria as well as those exclusive to E. gracilis. This is the first ... illuminating conserved features of Euglenida mitochondria as well as those exclusive to E. gracilis. This is the first ... illuminating conserved features of Euglenida mitochondria as well as those exclusive to E. gracilis. This is the first ... illuminating conserved features of Euglenida mitochondria as well as those exclusive to E. gracilis. This is the first ...
B.Zakrys & P.L.Walne, 1994 Euglena viridis, Discoba, Euglenozoa, Euglenida is. * scope, Furui 2020 to chloroplasts it is not a ... Euglenids (Excavata, Discoba, Euglenozoa, Euglenida) is a group of free-living, single-celled flagellates living in the aquatic ... That have been discovered, and Furui 2020 ( Excavata, Discoba, Euglenozoa, Euglenida ) is unicellular. Species can form green ... Order Euglenida, Family Euglenidae[1].The name Euglena comes from a Greek word meaning "eyeball organism [2].The Euglenoid ...
Euglenoids (Euglenida) are unicellular flagellates possessing exceptionally wide geographical and ecological distribution. ...
Leander B.S., Lax G., Karnkowska A., Simpson A.G.B. (2017) Euglenida. In: Archibald J. et al. (eds) Handbook of the Protists. ...
The phylogenetic trees were rooted with species of Euglenida, which constitute an appropriate outgroup. Although details of the ... However, Wright and colleagues [5] rooted their phylogenetic tree with certain species of Euglenida and stramenopiles ( ...
The Euglenida consists mostly of free-living flagellates with very diverse modes of nutrition. Nutrition 5. The presence of ... fresh water organism placed in the order Euglenida, class Phytomastigophora, subphylum Mastigophora, phylum Sarcomastigophora, ...
Amoebida was the dominant group, Kinetoplastida and Euglenida were the subdominant groups, Dinoflagellida, Chaenoflagellida, ...
Euglenida. 2. 9. Kinetoplastida. 11. 36. Diplomonadida. 3. 8. Parabasalidea. 1. 12. ...
The Yellowstone National Park Research Coordination Network is a collaboration of scientists and NPS staff to develop a coordinated research network focused on geothermal biology and geochemistry.
Creatures » Cellular Organisms » Eukaryotes » Excavates » Jakobids » Euglenozoa » Euglenoides » unclassified Euglenida «. ...
U euglenida formirana je od proteinskih traka, spiralno raspoređenih uzduž tijela. Poznati primjeri protista sa peliklom su ...
... eugenicist eugenics Eugenie eugenism eugenist eugenol eugenolate eugeny Euglandina Euglena Euglenaceae Euglenales Euglenida ...
Euglenida (euglenids) *Kinetoplastea (kinetoplasts) *Symbiontida *unclassified Euglenozoa *environmental samples *Heterolobosea ...
and new members of Discoplastis and Euglenaformis (Euglenida). J. Phycol.. 57(3): 766-779, 3 figs., 1 table. ...
Euglenida (euglenids) *Kinetoplastea (kinetoplasts) *Symbiontida *unclassified Euglenozoa *environmental samples *Heterolobosea ...
Euglenida B01.268.250.320 Euglena B01.268.250.320.418 Euglena gracilis B01.268.250.320.500 Euglena longa B01.268.475 ...
Euglenida -- See Euglenoids 1 Euglenids -- See Euglenoids 1 Euglenoid flagellates -- See Euglenoids 1 ...
Euglenida Order. :. Euglenaceae Family. :. Euglena Genus. :. Euglena cantabrica Species. Map Views: World , NATL , SATL , NPAC ...
Euglenida Preferred Term Term UI T050400. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1992). ... Euglenida Preferred Concept UI. M0025615. Registry Number. txid3035. Scope Note. A phylum of unicellular flagellates of ancient ... Euglenida. Tree Number(s). B01.268.250. Unique ID. D016822. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D016822 ...
Euglenida Preferred Term Term UI T050400. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1992). ... Euglenida Preferred Concept UI. M0025615. Registry Number. txid3035. Scope Note. A phylum of unicellular flagellates of ancient ... Euglenida. Tree Number(s). B01.268.250. Unique ID. D016822. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D016822 ...
Order Euglenida (organism) {106590005 , SNOMED-CT } Parent/Child (Relationship Type) Euglena (organism) {81725009 , SNOMED-CT ...
Order 6: Euglenida.. Examples: Euglena, Phacus, Copromonas, Peranema, etc.. Order 7: Volvocida (Phytomonadida). ...
Euglenida Immunology and Microbiology 100% * Feeding Medicine and Dentistry 100% * Cytostome Agricultural and Biological ...
Euglenida (Euglenophyta, if photosynthetic chlorophyll a and b, some saprophytic or phagocytic, one anterior flagellum, one ...
Most of the photoautotrophic flagellates including members of Euglenida, Cryptomonadida as well as Volvocida also tend to ...
B1.268.250.320.500 Euglenida B1.500.841.750.443.575.250 B1.268.250 Euonymus B6.388.100.197.366 B1.650.388.100.197.366 ...
Descritores em Ciências da Saúde
Our research focuses primarily on two groups of flagellates: Euglenida and Preaxostyla. We are also mapping the diversity of ...
Creatures » Cellular Organisms » Eukaryotes » Excavates » Jakobids » Euglenozoa » Euglenoides » unclassified Euglenida «. ...
  • W przypadku klejnotek (Euglenida, Euglenozoa, Discoba) dotychczasowe informacje są nader skąpe. (edu.pl)
  • Euglenids (Excavata, Discoba, Euglenozoa, Euglenida) is a group of free-living, single-celled flagellates living in the aquatic environments. (arrownewmedia.biz)
  • Euglenids (euglenoids, or euglenophytes, formally Euglenida/Euglenoida, ICZN, or Euglenophyceae, ICBN) are one of the best-known groups of flagellates, which are excavate eukaryotes of the phylum Euglenophyta and their cell structure is typical of that group. (wikipedia.org)
  • The euglenids were first defined by Otto Bütschli in 1884 as the flagellate order Euglenida, as an animal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Euglenoids (Euglenida) are unicellular flagellates possessing exceptionally wide geographical and ecological distribution. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Our aim was to map the distribution of MAT/MATX genes within the Euglenida in order to more comprehensively characterize the evolutionary history of MATX. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Euglenids (euglenoids, or euglenophytes, formally Euglenida/Euglenoida, ICZN, or Euglenophyceae, ICBN) are one of the best-known groups of flagellates, which are excavate eukaryotes of the phylum Euglenophyta and their cell structure is typical of that group. (wikipedia.org)
  • The euglenids were first defined by Otto Bütschli in 1884 as the flagellate order Euglenida, as an animal. (wikipedia.org)