The influence of a diet rich in wheat fibre on the human faecal flora. (1/339)

The effect on the faecal flora of adding wheat fibre to a controlled diet in four healthy volunteers for a 3-week period has been observed. No change in the concentration of the bacteria in the bacterial groups counted was found, although there was a slight increase in total output associated with increased faecal weight. The predominant organisms in all subjects were non-sporing anaerobes, but the dominant species in each subject was different and was unaffected by changing the diet. Similarly, the concentration of faecal beta-glucuronidase detected in two subjects was unaltered and the concentration of clostridia able to dehydrogenate the steroid nucleus found in one subject was unaltered. It is suggested that the faecal microflora is not primarily controlled by the presence of undigested food residues in the large bowel.  (+info)

Substrate-specific selenoprotein B of glycine reductase from Eubacterium acidaminophilum. Biochemical and molecular analysis. (2/339)

The substrate-specific selenoprotein B of glycine reductase (PBglycine) from Eubacterium acidaminophilum was purified and characterized. The enzyme consisted of three different subunits with molecular masses of about 22 (alpha), 25 (beta) and 47 kDa (gamma), probably in an alpha 2 beta 2 gamma 2 composition. PBglycine purified from cells grown in the presence of [75Se]selenite was labeled in the 47-kDa subunit. The 22-kDa and 47-kDa subunits both reacted with fluorescein thiosemicarbazide, indicating the presence of a carbonyl compound. This carbonyl residue prevented N-terminal sequencing of the 22-kDa (alpha) subunit, but it could be removed for Edman degradation by incubation with o-phenylenediamine. A DNA fragment was isolated and sequenced which encoded beta and alpha subunits of PBglycine (grdE), followed by a gene encoding selenoprotein A (grdA2) and the gamma subunit of PBglycine (grdB2). The cloned DNA fragment represented a second GrdB-encoding gene slightly different from a previously identified partial grdBl-containing fragment. Both grdB genes contained an in-frame UGA codon which confirmed the observed selenium content of the 47-kDa (gamma) subunit. Peptide sequence analyses suggest that grdE encodes a proprotein which is cleaved into the previously sequenced N-terminal 25-kDa (beta) subunit and a 22-kDa (alpha) subunit of PBglycine. Cleavage most probably occurred at an -Asn-Cys- site concomitantly with the generation of the blocking carbonyl moiety from cysteine at the alpha subunit.  (+info)

Phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence for the transfer of Eubacterium aerofaciens to the genus Collinsella as Collinsella aerofaciens gen. nov., comb. nov. (3/339)

Three strains of Eubacterium aerofacien, JCM 10188T, JCM 7790 and JCM 7791, and 178 freshly isolated strains of the Eubacterium aerofaciens group from human faeces were characterized by biochemical tests, cell wall peptidoglycan type and 16S rRNA analysis. The Eubacterium aerofaciens group was divided into four groups by fermentation patterns of sucrose and cellobiose, and were further divided into 16 sub-groups by fermentation patterns of aesculin, salicin and amygdalin. All of the strains of the Eubacterium aerofaciens group were shown to be phylogenetically distantly related to Eubacterium limosum, which is the type species of genus Eubacterium. Eubacterium aerofaciens was shown to have a specific phylogenetic association with Coriobacterium glomerans. All the strains belonging to Eubacterium aerofaciens resembled Coriobacterium glomerans in possessing a high G + C content (60 mol%). Cell wall analysis, however, revealed the presence of different A4 beta (L-Ala)-D-Glu-L-Orn-L-Asp peptidoglycan types. Based on a 16S rRNA sequence divergence of greater than 9% with Coriobacterium glomerans and the presence of a unique peptidoglycan type, a new genus, Collinsella, is proposed for Eubacterium aerofaciens, with one species, Collinsella aerofaciens. The type strain of Collinsella aerofaciens is JCM 10188T.  (+info)

The family Coriobacteriaceae: reclassification of Eubacterium exiguum (Poco et al. 1996) and Peptostreptococcus heliotrinreducens (Lanigan 1976) as Slackia exigua gen. nov., comb. nov. and Slackia heliotrinireducens gen. nov., comb. nov., and Eubacterium lentum (Prevot 1938) as Eggerthella lenta gen. nov., comb. nov. (4/339)

16S rRNA gene sequences were determined for Eubacterium exiguum and Peptostreptococcus heliotrinreducens. These species were found to be closely related and, together with Eubacterium lentum, to constitute a branch of the Coriobacteriaceae. Two new genera are proposed on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons: Slackia to include the bile-sensitive species Eubacterium exiguum and P. heliotrinreducens, and Eggerthella to include the bile-resistant Eubacterium lentum. It is proposed that Eubacterium exiguum and Peptostreptococcus heliotrinreducens are transferred to the genus Slackia gen. nov. as Slackia exigua gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain ATCC 700122T) and Slackia heliotrinireducens gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain NTCC 11029T), respectively, and Eubacterium lentum is transferred to the genus Eggerthella gen. nov. as Eggerthella lenta gen. nov., comb. nov. with Eggerthella lenta as the type species.  (+info)

Anaerobic fecal bacteria of the baboon. (5/339)

The predominant bacterial genera of baboon feces were enumerated and identified by established procedures. The predominant genera isolated were Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides.  (+info)

Phylogenetic relationships of three amino-acid-utilizing anaerobes, Selenomonas acidaminovorans, 'Selenomonas acidaminophila' and Eubacterium acidaminophilum, as inferred from partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences and proposal of Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans gen. nov., comb. nov. and Anaeromusa acidaminophila gen. nov., comb. nov. (6/339)

16S rRNA gene sequences of three previously described amino-acid-fermenting anaerobes, Selenomonas acidaminovorans, 'Selenomonas acidaminophila' and Eubacterium acidaminophilum, were determined. All three were found to cluster within the Clostridium and related genera of the subphylum of the Gram-positive bacteria. The thermophile, S. acidaminovorans, formed an individual line of descent and was equidistantly placed between Dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans and Anaerobaculum thermoterrenum (similarity of 85%), both of which also form single lines of descent. 'S. acidaminophila' was related to Clostridium quercicolum, a member of cluster IX, with a similarity of 90%, whereas E. acidaminophilum was closely related to Clostridium litorale (similarity of 96%) as a member of cluster XI. Based on the phylogenetic data presented in this report and the phenotypic descriptions of these bacteria published previously, it is recommended that S. acidaminovorans be transferred to a new genus, Thermanaerovibrio gen. nov., as Thermanaerovibrio acidaminovorans comb. nov. and 'Selenomonas acidaminophila' be transferred to a new genus, Anaeromusa gen. nov., as Anaeromusa acidaminophila comb. nov. Though the transfer of E. acidaminophilum to a new taxon is justified, this is not recommended until the taxonomic status of all the members of cluster XI has been reviewed.  (+info)

Phylogeny of the defined murine microbiota: altered Schaedler flora. (7/339)

The "altered Schaedler flora" (ASF) was developed for colonizing germfree rodents with a standardized microbiota. The purpose of this study was to identify each of the eight ASF strains by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Three strains were previously identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus (strain ASF 360), Lactobacillus salivarius (strain ASF 361), and Bacteroides distasonis (strain ASF 519) based on phenotypic criteria. 16S rRNA analysis indicated that each of the strains differed from its presumptive identity. The 16S rRNA sequence of strain ASF 361 is essentially identical to the 16S rRNA sequences of the type strains of Lactobacillus murinis and Lactobacillus animalis (both isolated from mice), and all of these strains probably belong to a single species. Strain ASF 360 is a novel lactobacillus that clusters with L. acidophilus and Lactobacillus lactis. Strain ASF 519 falls into an unnamed genus containing [Bacteroides] distasonis, [Bacteroides] merdae, [Bacteroides] forsythus, and CDC group DF-3. This unnamed genus is in the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum and is most closely related to the genus Porphyromonas. The spiral-shaped strain, strain ASF 457, is in the Flexistipes phylum and exhibits sequence identity with rodent isolates of Robertson. The remaining four ASF strains, which are extremely oxygen-sensitive fusiform bacteria, group phylogenetically with the low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes, Bacillus-Clostridium group). ASF 356, ASF 492, and ASF 502 fall into Clostridium cluster XIV of Collins et al. Morphologically, ASF 492 resembles members of this cluster, Roseburia cecicola, and Eubacterium plexicaudatum. The 16S rRNA sequence of ASF 492 is identical to that of E. plexicaudatum. Since the type strain and other viable original isolates of E. plexicaudatum have been lost, strain ASF 492 is a candidate for a neotype strain. Strain ASF 500 branches deeply in the low-G+C-content gram-positive phylogenetic tree but is not closely related to any organisms whose 16S rRNA sequences are currently in the GenBank database. The 16S rRNA sequence information determined in the present study should allow rapid identification of ASF strains and should permit detailed analysis of the interactions of ASF organisms during development of intestinal disease in mice that are coinfected with a variety of pathogenic microorganisms.  (+info)

Quantification of the flavonoid-degrading bacterium Eubacterium ramulus in human fecal samples with a species-specific oligonucleotide hybridization probe. (8/339)

To investigate the occurrence of the flavonoid-degrading bacterium Eubacterium ramulus in the human intestinal tract, an oligonucleotide probe designated S-S-E.ram-0997-a-A-18 was designed and validated, with over 90 bacterial strains representing the dominant described human fecal flora. Application of S-S-E. ram-0997-a-A-18 to fecal samples from 20 subjects indicated the presence of E. ramulus in each individual tested in numbers from 4.4 x 10(7) to 2.0 x 10(9) cells/g of fecal dry mass. Six fecal E. ramulus isolates were recognized by S-S-E.ram-0997-a-A-18 but exhibited different band patterns when analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA.  (+info)

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