Ethylene oxide. Medical search

A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794)

Derivatives of ethylene, a simple organic gas of biological origin with many industrial and biological use.

The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means.

A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.

A nonionic polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block co-polymer with the general formula HO(C2H4O)a(-C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH. It is available in different grades which vary from liquids to solids. It is used as an emulsifying agent, solubilizing agent, surfactant, and wetting agent for antibiotics. Poloxamer is also used in ointment and suppository bases and as a tablet binder or coater. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.

Used as a solvent, in the manufacture of insecticides, and for treating sweet potatoes before planting. May cause nausea, vomiting, pains in head and chest, stupefaction. Irritates mucous membranes and causes kidney and liver degeneration.

An ethylene compound with two hydroxy groups (-OH) located on adjacent carbons. They are viscous and colorless liquids. Some are used as anesthetics or hypnotics. However, the class is best known for their use as a coolant or antifreeze.

Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Hospital department responsible for receiving, storing, and distributing medical and surgical supplies and equipment.

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

The reproductive elements of lower organisms, such as BACTERIA; FUNGI; and cryptogamic plants.

Toxic, chlorinated, saturated hydrocarbons. Include both the 1,1- and 1,2-dichloro isomers. The latter is considerably more toxic. It has a sweet taste, ethereal odor and has been used as a fumigant and intoxicant among sniffers. Has many household and industrial uses.

The aggregate enterprise of manufacturing and technically producing chemicals. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.

An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.

An office in the Department of Labor responsible for developing and establishing occupational safety and health standards.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Disinfectant used in vapor form to sterilize vaccines, grafts, etc. The vapor is very irritating and the liquid form is carcinogenic.

A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure.

Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.

Further or repeated use of equipment, instruments, devices, or materials. It includes additional use regardless of the original intent of the producer as to disposability or durability. It does not include the repeated use of fluids or solutions.

Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.

Any of the compounds derived from a group of glycols or polyhydroxy alcohols by chlorine substitution for part of the hydroxyl groups. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Process by which unwanted microbial, plant or animal materials or organisms accumulate on man-made surfaces.

Formal voluntary or governmental procedures and standards required of hospitals and health or other facilities to improve operating efficiency, and for the protection of the consumer.

The application of smoke, vapor, or gas for the purpose of disinfecting or destroying pests or microorganisms.

Synthetic thermoplastics that are tough, flexible, inert, and resistant to chemicals and electrical current. They are often used as biocompatible materials for prostheses and implants.

Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.

A highly poisonous compound used widely in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives and synthetic rubber.

Is breast cancer cluster influenced by environmental and occupational factors among hospital nurses in Hungary? (1/202)

An unusual cluster of 8 breast cancer and 8 other malignant tumor cases (ovarian, uterus, lung, colon and brain tumors and malignant melanoma) developed in a period of 12 years among 98 nurses exposed to ethylene oxide (EtOx) for 5 15 years in a unit using gas sterilizer in a hospital of the archiepiscopal city of Eger, Hungary. EtOx concentration in air samples of the working area varied from 5 to 150 mg/m3. The question was, if there was any causal relationship between the elevated incidence of breast cancer and the EtOx exposure, the other possibility was, that this cluster appeared accidentally. EtOx is a human carcinogen, however, no increased breast cancer incidence in EtOx-exposed subjects was reported in the literature. We followed up for two consecutive years the 27 non cancer patients, EtOx-exposed nurses and 11 unexposed hospital controls with the aid of a multiple genotoxicology monitor including chromosomal aberration, sister-chromatide exchange, HPRT point mutation and DNA repair studies. The results were compared with data from 30 local historical controls, 48 historical controls from Budapest, 14 hospital controls and 9 EtOx exposed nurses from Budapest. Significantly high chromosome aberration yields (especially chromosome type exchanges) were alike detected in EtOx-exposed and the two other control groups in Eger. These results could not be interpreted as a consequence of EtOx exposure only, since in the EtOx-exposed group from Budapest, beside an increased total aberration frequency, the obtained exchange type aberration yields were as low as the historical controls. A plausible explanation can be the natural low dose radioactivity (222Rn) of the local tap-water due to a specific geological situation in Eger. The spontaneous breast cancer incidence in Hungary doubled in the last 10 years compared with the previous 20 years (1960 1980), especially in Eger. The appearance of the high breast cancer incidence in the hospital of Eger indicates the combined effect of EtOx and a more common local etiologic factor, such as the naturally radioactive tap-water. However, since the reported studies did not involve the investigation either of the genetic predisposition, or the effects of other possible environmental, occupational, and/or life style confounding factors, further studies (partly in progress) are necessary to clarify the importance of these factors. (+info)

Molecular dosimetry of endogenous and ethylene oxide-induced N7-(2-hydroxyethyl) guanine formation in tissues of rodents. (2/202)

The formation of N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine (7-HEG) in DNA was investigated previously in target and non-target tissues of F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice exposed to >/=ISOdia>/=10 p.p.m. concentrations of ethylene oxide (EO) using fluorescence-linked high-performance liquid chromatography [V.E. Walker et al. (1992) Cancer Res., 52, 4238-4334]. In order to study the dose-responses for 7-HEG at lower exposures, a highly sensitive and specific gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) assay was developed. DNA was extracted from liver, brain, lung and spleen of B6C3F1 mice and F-344 rats exposed to 0, 3, 10, 33 or 100 p.p.m. EO for 4 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week). Analysis of DNA from control rodents showed that endogenous 7-HEG varied from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 0.3 +/- 0.2 pmol/micromol guanine in tissues of rats and mice. 7-HEG exhibited tissue- and species-specific dose-response relationships in EO-exposed animals. Linear dose-response relationships were evident in mouse liver, brain and spleen at exposures between 3 and 100 p.p.m. Mouse lung exhibited a slightly sublinear response between 33 and 100 p.p.m. EO. The relationships were linear in liver and spleen of rats between 3 and 100 p.p.m. EO, but were slightly sublinear in brain and lung between 33 and 100 p.p.m. EO. The number of 7-HEG adducts present in rats exposed to 3 p.p.m. EO was 5.3-12.5 times higher than endogenous 7-HEG in unexposed controls. In contrast, mice exposed to 3 p.p.m. EO only had 1.3- to 2.5-fold greater numbers of 7-HEG adducts. The factors driving the exposure-response relationships are also likely to affect carcinogenic and mutagenic responses of rodents to EO. Likewise, a better understanding of the relationships between 7-HEG derived from low exposures to EO and endogenously formed 7-HEG may be important for the accurate extrapolation of risk to humans. (+info)

Dose-rate effects of ethylene oxide exposure on developmental toxicity. (3/202)

In risk assessment, evaluating a health effect at a duration of exposure that is untested involves assuming that equivalent multiples of concentration (C) and duration (T) of exposure have the same effect. The limitations of this approach (attributed to F. Haber, Zur Geschichte des Gaskrieges [On the history of gas warfare], in Funf Vortrage aus den Jahren 1920-1923 [Five lectures from the years 1920-1923], 1924, Springer, Berlin, pp. 76-92), have been noted in several studies. The study presented in this paper was designed to specifically look at dose-rate (C x T) effects, and it forms an ideal case study to implement statistical models and to examine the statistical issues in risk assessment. Pregnant female C57BL/6J mice were exposed, on gestational day 7, to ethylene oxide (EtO) via inhalation for 1.5, 3, or 6 h at exposures that result in C x T multiples of 2100 or 2700 ppm-h. EtO was selected because of its short half-life, documented developmental toxicity, and relevance to exposures that occur in occupational settings. Concurrent experiments were run with animals exposed to air for similar periods. Statistical analysis using models developed to assess dose-rate effects revealed significant effects with respect to fetal death and resorptions, malformations, crown-to-rump length, and fetal weight. Animals exposed to short, high exposures of EtO on day 7 of gestation were found to have more adverse effects than animals exposed to the same C x T multiple but at longer, lower exposures. The implication for risk assessment is that applying Haber's Law could potentially lead to an underestimation of risk at a shorter duration of exposure and an overestimation of risk at a longer duration of exposure. Further research, toxicological and statistical, are required to understand the mechanism of the dose-rate effects, and how to incorporate the mechanistic information into the risk assessment decision process. (+info)

Cellular internalization of PCL(20)-b-PEO(44) block copolymer micelles. (4/202)

The cellular internalization of polycaprolactone-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PCL(20)-b-PEO(44)) copolymer micelles were investigated in PC12 cells cultures. The micelles were found to be internalized into PC12 cells when followed over the 4-h incubation period. Also, the internalization process was found to fulfill the basic criteria for endocytotic uptake in that it was time, temperature, pH and energy dependent. In addition, the use of other pharmacological manipulations (hypertonic treatment, Brefeldin A) provide further evidence that the mode of cellular internalization is in fact endocytotic. (+info)

Characterization of DNA condensates induced by poly(ethylene oxide) and polylysine. (5/202)

High-molecular-weight DNA is known to collapse into very compact particles in a salt solution containing polymers like poly(ethylene oxide) [(EO)n] or polyacrylate. The biological relevance of this phenomenon is suggested by our recent finding that high concentrations of the highly acidic internal peptides found in the mature T4 bacteriophage head, as well as poly(glutamic acid) and poly(aspartic acid), can collapse DNA in a similar manner. The structure of DNAs collapsed by various methods has been studied with electron microscope. We find (EO)n collapses T4 or T7 bacteriophage DNA into compact particles only slightly larger than the size of the T4 and T7 head, respectively. In contrast, polylysine collapses DNA into different types of structures. Double-stranded DNA collapsed with (EO)n is cut by the single-strand specific Neurospora crassa endonuclease (EC 3.1.4.21) into small fragments. Extensive digestion only occurs above the critical concentration of polymer required for DNA collapse, demonstrating the (EO)n-collapsed DNA contains enzyme-vulnerable regions (probably at each fold), which are preferentially attacked. The size of the DNA fragments produced by limit-digestion with the nuclease ranges between 200 and 400 base pairs when DNA is collapsed by (EO)n. Only fragments of DNA which are larger than 600 base pairs are cut by the endonuclease in (EO)n-containing solution. (+info)

Combined effects of gamma-radiation and ethylene oxide in human diploid fibroblasts. (6/202)

Human diploid VH-10 fibroblasts were pre-exposed to gamma-rays and then treated with ethylene oxide (EtO). In the reverse experiment, the cells were pretreated with EtO and then exposed to gamma-rays. Two different dose rates of gamma-rays were used: a low dose rate (LDR, 0.66 Gy/min) and a high dose rate (HDR, 10 Gy/min). Cell killing, mutagenicity and DNA double-strand breakage were studied in both types of experiment. The induction of mutations in the HPRT locus was studied by selection in medium containing 6-thioguanine. DNA double-strand breakage, measured as fraction of activity released (FAR), was investigated using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Concerning mutagenesis, it was found that pre-exposure of the cells to gamma-radiation (1 Gy) followed by treatment with EtO (2.5 mMh) led to an additive co-interaction, irrespective of dose rate. On the other hand, the reverse experimental procedure (pretreatment with EtO followed by gamma-ray exposure) resulted in an antagonistic effect, which was most pronounced when the HDR was applied. In the latter case, the resultant mutant frequency was two times lower than the sum of the mutant frequencies after the individual treatments. However, the effect of the combined treatment on FAR was different: FAR increased with both combinations of agents used compared with the separate and hypothetically expected effects. Moreover, the HDR exposure led to an additional increase in FAR compared with the LDR one. (+info)

Hemoglobin adducts from acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in cigarette smokers: effects of glutathione S-transferase T1-null and M1-null genotypes. (7/202)

Acrylonitrile (ACN) is used to manufacture plastics and fibers. It is carcinogenic in rats and is found in cigarette smoke. Ethylene oxide (EO) is a metabolite of ethylene, also found in cigarette smoke, and is carcinogenic in rodents. Both ACN and EO undergo conjugation with glutathione. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and hemoglobin adducts derived from ACN and EO and to investigate whether null genotypes for glutathione transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) alter the internal dose of these agents. The hemoglobin adducts N-(2-cyanoethyl)valine (CEVal), which is formed from ACN, and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine (HEVal), which is formed from EO, and GST genotypes were determined in blood samples obtained from 16 nonsmokers and 32 smokers (one to two packs/day). Smoking information was obtained by questionnaire, and plasma cotinine levels were determined by immunoassay. Glutathione transferase null genotypes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) were determined by PCR. Both CEVal and HEVal levels increased with increased cigarette smoking dose (both self-reported and cotinine-based). CEVal and HEVal levels were also correlated. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes had little effect on CEVal concentrations. GSTM1 null genotypes had no significant impact on HEVal. However, HEVal levels were significantly elevated in GSTT1-null individuals when normalized to smoking status or cotinine levels. The ratio of HEVal:CEVal was also elevated in GSTT1-null smokers (1.50 +/- 0.57 versus 0.88 +/- 0.24; P = 0.0002). The lack of a functional GSTT1 is estimated to increase the internal dose of EO derived from cigarette smoke by 50-70%. (+info)

Biomarkers of exposure and effect as indicators of potential carcinogenic risk arising from in vivo metabolism of ethylene to ethylene oxide. (8/202)

The purposes of the present study were: (i) to investigate the potential use of several biomarkers as quantitative indicators of the in vivo conversion of ethylene (ET) to ethylene oxide (EO); (ii) to produce molecular dosimetry data that might improve assessment of human risk from exogenous ET exposures. Groups (n = 7/group) of male F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed by inhalation to 0 and 3000 p. p.m. ET for 1, 2 or 4 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week) or to 0, 40, 1000 and 3000 p.p.m. ET for 4 weeks. N:-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine (HEV), N:7-(2-hydroxyethyl) guanine (N7-HEG) and HPRT: mutant frequencies were assessed as potential biomarkers for determining the molecular dose of EO resulting from exogenous ET exposures of rats and mice, compared with background biomarker values. N7-HEG was quantified by gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), HEV was determined by Edman degradation and GC-HRMS and HPRT: mutant frequencies were measured by the T cell cloning assay. N7-HEG accumulated in DNA with repeated exposure of rodents to 3000 p.p.m. ET, reaching steady-state concentrations around 1 week of exposure in most tissues evaluated (brain, liver, lung and spleen). The dose-response curves for N7-HEG and HEV were supralinear in exposed rats and mice, indicating that metabolic activation of ET was saturated at exposures >/=1000 p.p.m. ET. Exposures of mice and rats to 200 p.p.m. EO for 4 weeks (as positive treatment controls) led to significant increases in HPRT: mutant frequencies over background in splenic T cells from exposed rats and mice, however, no significant mutagenic response was observed in the HPRT: gene of ET-exposed animals. Comparisons between the biomarker data for both unexposed and ET-exposed animals, the dose-response curves for the same biomarkers in EO-exposed rats and mice and the results of the rodent carcinogenicity studies of ET and EO suggest that too little EO arises from exogenous ET exposure to produce a significant mutagenic response or a carcinogenic response under standard bioassay conditions. (+info)

Synthesis of ethylene oxide. Overview of reactions of formation of ethylene oxide and other α-oxides". Ethylene oxide. Khimiya ... Review of the individual reactions of ethylene oxide". Ethylene oxide. M.: Khimiya. pp. 90-120. "Epoxyethane (Ethylene Oxide ... 1967). "Chapter IV Methods of analysis of ethylene oxide". Ethylene oxide. Khimiya. pp. 128-140. "Ethylene oxide". ICSC/ ... "Ethylene Oxide (EO)". Ineos Oxide. Archived from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2009. "Ethylene oxide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene_oxide

"Explosion at Spain's 140,000 mt/year Tarragona ethylene oxide plant". www.spglobal.com. Retrieved 2021-10-23. "Ethylene Oxide ... Ethylene oxide itself is a very hazardous substance. At room temperature it is a flammable, carcinogenic, mutagenic, irritating ... The site is operated by IQOXE, which is the only producer of ethylene oxide in Spain with an installed capacity of 140,000 ... The first explosion occurred between 18:40 and 19:00 and affected an ethylene oxide tank of the company. The second one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_Industries_of_Ethylene_Oxide_explosion

Thus, the epoxide of ethylene (C2H4) is ethylene oxide (C2H4O). Many compounds have trivial names; for instance, ethylene oxide ... For example ethylene oxide polymerizes to give polyethylene glycol, also known as polyethylene oxide. The reaction of an ... Benzene oxide exists in equilibrium with the oxepin isomer. Ethylene oxide is widely used to generate detergents and ... Kilty P. A.; Sachtler W. M. H. (1974). "The mechanism of the selective oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide". Catalysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxide

Common causes of irritant contact dermatitis include solvents, metalworking fluids, latex, kerosene, ethylene oxide, paper, ... ethylene oxide; surfactants in topical medications and cosmetics (sodium lauryl sulfate); and alkalis (drain cleaners, strong ... A barrier cream, such as those containing zinc oxide (e.g., Desitin, etc.), may help protect the skin and retain moisture. If ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_dermatitis

The odor threshold for these gases is above the PELs and for ethylene oxide it is 500 ppm, approaching that of the IDLH. Odor ... The OSHA PEL (permissible exposure limit) will be considerably lower than this; 1 ppm for ethylene oxide, or 5 ppm for a 15 ... In addition to toxicity, ethylene oxide is flammable (from above 3%) and ozone is damaging to equipment not designed to resist ... "Ethylene Oxide". Medical Management Guidelines (MMGs). ATSDR. "Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database". FDA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilant_gas_monitoring

Ethylene oxide gas has been used since the 1950s for heat- and moisture-sensitive medical devices. Within the past 15 years, a ... Ethylene oxide treatment is generally carried out between 30 and 60 °C (86 and 140 °F) with relative humidity above 30% and a ... Ethylene oxide (EO, EtO) gas treatment is one of the common methods used to sterilize, pasteurize, or disinfect items because ... Ethylene oxide is still widely used by medical device manufacturers. Since EO is explosive at concentrations above 3%, EO was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)

... ethylene oxide sterilizers. Ethylene oxide is the only low-temperature sterilant to stop outbreaks on these instruments. In ... "Ethylene Oxide Sterilization , Disinfection & Sterilization Guidelines , Guidelines Library , Infection Control ,CDC". www.cdc. ... However, sterilant alkylating agents such as ethylene oxide (ETO), and 10% bleach are effective against endospores. To kill ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endospore

"ethylene_oxide.pdf" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 21, 2012. "h2o2.pdf" (PDF). Archived from the original ( ... One newer monopropellant under development is nitrous oxide, both neat and in the form of nitrous oxide fuel blends. Nitrous ... ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide (especially in its German World War II form as T-Stoff), and nitromethane are common rocket ... Nitrous oxide generates oxygen upon decomposition, and it is possible to blend it with fuels to form a monopropellant mixture ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopropellant

The core can than be reacted with ethylene oxide to create a star-shaped polymer. As is typical of most core-first approaches, ... ethylene oxide)". Die Makromolekulare Chemie. 189 (12): 2885-2892. doi:10.1002/macp.1988.021891215. Xue, L.; Agarwal, U. S.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star-shaped_polymer

4) Preparation of NGc by method of Messing from ethylene through chlorohydrin & ethylene oxide. 5) Preparation of NGc by duPont ... Direct Production of NGc from Gaseous Ethylene. 3) Preparation of NGc from Ethylene Oxide. ... C2H4(OH)2 + 2 HNO3 → C2H4(ONO2)2 + 2 H2O or through the reaction of ethylene oxide and dinitrogen pentoxide: C2H4O + N2O5 → ... Ethylene glycol dinitrate reacts violently with potassium hydroxide, yielding ethylene glycol and potassium nitrate: C2H2(ONO2) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene_glycol_dinitrate

Retrieved 10 July 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) "FDA Advisory No.2022-1293 ,, UPDATES ON ETHYLENE OXIDE IN ... Fernandez, Daniza (7 July 2022). "FDA probes popular Filipino noodle brand for 'high level of ethylene oxide'". Inquirer.net. ... for the consumptions of the export variants of different Lucky Me noodles due to containing high amounts of Ethylene Oxide.The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monde_Nissin

Flory, Paul J. (1940). "Molecular Size Distribution in Ethylene Oxide Polymers". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 62 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution

Fenton, D.E.; Parker, J.M.; Wright, P.V. (November 1973). "Complexes of alkali metal ions with poly(ethylene oxide)". Polymer. ... Wright, Peter V. (September 1975). "Electrical conductivity in ionic complexes of poly(ethylene oxide)". British Polymer ... GRAY, F; MACCALLUM, J; VINCENT, C (January 1986). "Poly(ethylene oxide) - LiCF3SO3 - polystyrene electrolyte systems". Solid ... ethylene oxide) adducts". Solid State Ionics. 11 (1): 91-95. doi:10.1016/0167-2738(83)90068-1. Lin, Dingchang; Liu, Wei; Liu, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_electrolyte

Ethylene Ethylene oxide Fat/lean DEA/MEA; High pressure steam (pressure in excess of 5000 kPa (ga)) Hydraulic Oil Hydrogen ( ... ethylene and other unsaturated hydrocarbons may decompose explosively, initiated by a welding hot spot. Oxygen-enriched ... partial pressure in excess of 700 kPa (ga)) Hydrogen sulphide* Hydrofluoric acid Oxygen Propene Propene oxide Sulphuric acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_tapping

Europe: September: Sesame seeds contamination by ethylene oxide. Philippines: September 10: The Philippine National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_recall

... examples of chemical commodities are ammonia and ethylene oxide; speciality chemicals (or specialty chemicals): are constituted ... Some examples of basic chemicals are: ethylene, benzene, chlorine and sulfuric acid. High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_classification_of_chemicals

... ethylene oxide) (PEO), a high molecular weight poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), polypropylene oxide (PPO), poly[bis(methoxy ... PEO exhibits most promising performance as a solid solvent for lithium salts, mainly due to its flexible ethylene oxide ... ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF). In the ... ethylene oxide) polymer electrolyte". Electrochimica Acta. 133: 529-538. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.099. Sun, Bing; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_polymer_battery

Turnnidge, Sarah (May 12, 2021). "Viral video spreads misinformation about ethylene oxide and Ivermectin". Full Fact. "Hundreds ... caused some controversy because the NHS had standardised their test kits on a sterilisation procedure using ethylene oxide ("a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic

Polyethylene, polysiloxanes and poly(ethylene oxide) are all macromonomers that have been incorporated in a polystyrene or poly ... Ito, Koichi; Hiroyuki Tsuchida; Akio Hayashi; Toshiaki Kitano (1985). "Reactivity of Poly(ethylene oxide) Macromonomers in ... Grutke, Stefan; Hurley, James H.; Risse, Wilhelm (August 1994). "Poly(phenylene oxide) macromonomers for graft copolymer ... Graft copolymer-metal complexes obtained by radiation grafting onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene) copolymer". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graft_polymer

Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly(vinyl alcohol) Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(caprolactone) Poly(chitosan) Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) ... Xue, Zhigang; He, Dan; Xie, Xiaolin (2015). "Poly(ethylene oxide)-based electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_electrolytes

It also oxidises nitrogen oxide, ethylene, and hydrogen sulfide. It reacts with sulfur trioxide and peroxydisulfuryl difluoride ... Iodine oxides are the most stable of all the halogen oxides, because of the strong I-O bonds resulting from the large ... Iodides can be made by reaction of an element or its oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate with hydroiodic acid, and then dehydrated ... A few other less stable oxides are known, notably I4O9 and I2O4; their structures have not been determined, but reasonable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine_compounds

Ethylene oxide is the alkylating group in this reaction. In the process called oxidative addition, low-valent metals often ... Silicotungstic acid is used to manufacture ethyl acetate by the alkylation of acetic acid by ethylene: C 2 H 4 + CH 3 CO 2 H ⟶ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylation

Wright, P. V. (1975). "Electrical conductivity in ionic complexes of poly(ethylene oxide)". British Polymer Journal. 7 (5): 319 ... Later in 1933, Wagner suggested that in metal oxides an excess of metal would result in extra electrons, while a deficit of ... Solid-state ionic devices, such as solid oxide fuel cells, can be much more reliable and long-lasting, especially under harsh ... doi:10.1016/0167-2738(83)90083-8. Liang, C. C. (1973). "Conduction Characteristics of the Lithium Iodide-Aluminum Oxide Solid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_state_ionics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine

Materials made of PDS can be sterilized with ethylene oxide. Other biodegradable polymers: polycaprolactone polyglycolide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydioxanone

DEG is produced by the partial hydrolysis of ethylene oxide. Depending on the conditions, varying amounts of DEG and related ... It is a four carbon dimer of ethylene glycol. It is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol. DEG is a ... Most ethylene glycol antifreeze contains a few percent diethylene glycol, present as a byproduct of ethylene glycol production ... Counterfeit medications Ethylene Ethylene glycol poisoning Polyethylene glycol DEG: LD50 for rats Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylene_glycol

Sterilization can also be achieved using ethylene oxide (ETO) gas. This process was created in the 1950s by the US military and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_sterile_services_department

Ohnishi A, Murai Y (February 1993). "Polyneuropathy due to ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide". Environmental ... Propylene oxide is also neurotoxic in rats, and presumably in humans Propyelene oxide alkylates DNA. As such, it is known ... "PROPYLENE OXIDE , CAMEO Chemicals , NOAA". cameochemicals.noaa.gov. "Propylene oxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health ... This compound is sometimes called 1,2-propylene oxide to distinguish it from its isomer 1,3-propylene oxide, better known as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylene_oxide

Process technology to produce ethanolamines by reaction of ammonia and ethylene oxide CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical ... Monoethanolamine is produced by treating ethylene oxide with aqueous ammonia; the reaction also produces diethanolamine and ... 7. Oxidation Products of Ethylene". Industrial Organic Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. pp. 159-161. ISBN 3-527-30578-5. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanolamine

... s are much broader than the oligomers of ethylene oxide; an important group are derived from catechol. Crown ethers ... The most common crown ethers are cyclic oligomers of ethylene oxide, the repeating unit being ethyleneoxy, i.e., −CH2CH2O−. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_ether

Covalent oxides such as TiO2, however, exhibits almost no solubility. The electrochemical dissolution of metal oxides is ... Most of them are mixtures of choline chloride and a hydrogen-bond donor (e.g., urea, ethylene glycol, malonic acid) or mixtures ... Studies have shown that ionic oxides such as ZnO tend to have high solubility in ChCl:malonic acid, ChCl:urea and Ethaline, ... However, electrochemical dissolution of metal oxides in DES can allow to enhance the dissolution up to more than 10 000 times ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy

With sodium amide in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME), however, the dibromene oxide behaves as a 1,3-aryne equivalent and ... If the dibromene oxide is allowed to react further with furan, in the presence of n-butyllithium or potassium amide or via an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzene

Vajdi, M.; Pereira, R.R.; Gallop, R.A. (1973). "How gamma irradiated and ethylene oxide treated spices affect the microbial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic_sausage

In 1995, Inspec bought BP's ethylene oxide, and glycol, businesses for £78 million, to become Inspec Ethylene Oxide ... Ineos is derived from INspec Ethylene Oxide and Specialities, a previous name of the business. It also incorporates one Latin ... In 1998, Ratcliffe, then a director of Inspec, established Ineos for the purpose of purchasing Inspec's ethylene oxide facility ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos

... and transformation of ethylene oxide to ethylene glycol in the early 1950s. Ethylene oxide, a gas, was used for synthesis of ... 135 Landau obtained the first of many patents, "Ethylene Oxide prepared by oxidation of ethylene using a silver catalyst", on ... xviii The company's first big success was the development of processes for the direct oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide, ... where the first production-scale ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol plant was built. Scientific Design was not the first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Landau

"Coexpressed nitric oxide synthase and apical beta(1) integrins influence tubule cell adhesion after cytokine-induced injury". ... ethylene glycol, "anti-freeze"). Histopathology: Toxic ATN is characterized by proximal tubular epithelium necrosis (no nuclei ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_tubular_necrosis

Vogt H, Balej J, Bennett JE, Wintzer P, Sheikh SA, Gallone P (2007). "Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids". Ullmann's ... as well as ethylene propylene rubber, and Viton. Containers must allow venting of oxygen produced by decomposition over time, ... Heterogeneous reactions of sodium hypochlorite and metals such as zinc proceed slowly to give the metal oxide or hydroxide: ... with a standard solution of sodium thiosulfate or phenylarsine oxide, using starch as indicator, until the blue color ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite

Ethanolamine is prepared by a ring-opening reaction with ethylene oxide, and when the reaction is allowed to go further it ... Nitrogen oxides can be formed as kinetic products in the presence of appropriate catalysts, a reaction of great industrial ... Dinitrogen is the thermodynamic product of combustion: all nitrogen oxides are unstable with respect to N2 and O2, which is the ... magnesium oxide). It was isolated again by Peter Woulfe in 1767, by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1770 and by Joseph Priestley in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia

It is composed of a polyisoprene backbone and grafts of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and has a CAS number of 1246080-53-4. The ... Conventional chewing gums use poly(styrene-co-butadiene) or poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate). In contrast, Rev7 Gum contains an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rev7_Gum

... which results in angle strain as in the comparable cyclopropane and ethylene oxide molecules. A banana bond model explains ... The catalyst is based on yttrium with three isopropyloxy substituents and the ligand a phosphine oxide (Ph = phenyl), with 91% ... The Nippon Shokubai process requires an oxide catalyst and high temperatures to effect the dehydration. In the Wenker synthesis ... or ethylene imine), with molecular formula C 2H 4NH. Several drugs feature aziridine rings, including mitomycin C, porfiromycin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziridines

Merrill's ideas on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a non-thrombogenic biomaterial (1979 with Saltzman) led to an explosion in the ... Ed Merrill and Ed Saltzman of Harvard were the pioneers who proposed poly (ethylene oxide) as a highly biocompatible ... Merrill, E. W.; Salzman, E. W. (1983). "Polyethylene oxide as a biomaterial". ASAIO Journal. 6 (2): 60-4. INIST:9324632. "Man- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Wilson_Merrill

N 2O (nitrous oxide) levels are also correlated with glacial cycles, though at low temperatures the graph differs somewhat from ... including aqueous ethylene glycol and ethanol solutions; and esters, including n-butyl acetate. Newer fluids have been proposed ... "Glacial-interglacial and millennial-scale variations in the atmospheric nitrous oxide concentration during the last 800,000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_core

... either by irradiation or by treatment with ethylene oxide. Post-mold surface modification, usually with oxygen-rich plasmas, is ... Several days later, Simon found that the styrol had thickened into a jelly he dubbed styrol oxide ("Styroloxyd") because he ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrene

... and may also include a metal oxide either as activator such as zinc oxide, in some cases as filler and also as activator. After ... ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), butyl, polycholorprene (CR), Polyisoprene (IR) and others. The raw rubber after being ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_roll_rubber_mill

Reaction of ammonia or amines with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to produce aminoalcohols. The process is also adaptable to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanolin

Current intelligence bulletin 52 - Ethylene oxide sterilizers in health care facilities - engineering controls and work ... Epoxies and resins Ethylene Oxide Formaldehyde Heat Infectious agents Lead and other heavy metals Noise Pesticides Ionizing ... Toluenediamine and Dinitrotoluene Ethylene Dibromide Plastic Production (styrene and acetone) Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether ... including x-rays and gamma rays nitrous oxide (N2O) About 1 in every 6 pregnancies ends in a miscarriage-the unplanned ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health

... was once produced on a large scale as a precursor to ethylene oxide: This application has been supplanted by ... Ethylene chlorohydrin: properties Liu, Gordon Y. T.; Richey, W. Frank; Betso, Joanne E.; et al. (2014). "Chlorohydrins". ... 2-Chloroethanol (also called ethylene chlorohydrin or glycol chlorohydrin) is an organic chemical compound with the formula ... 0268". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). "Ethylene chlorohydrin". Immediately Dangerous to Life or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Chloroethanol

Fungicides to defeat brown rot include: baking soda, hydrogen peroxide, tea tree oil, boron solutions, ethylene glycol or ... and tributyltin oxide being replaced by organo-boron esters, permethrin, and boron/glycol mixes. One way of comparing the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_rot_treatment

... acid lauramine oxide propylene glycol n-butyl ether glycolic acid sulfamic acid disodium capryloamphodipropionate ethylene ... and iron oxide deposits. Its ingredients may include various compounds: water lactic acid gluconic ... glycol n-butyl ether citric acid One formulation is (by weight) lactic acid 12-18%, gluconic acid 2.50-3.75%, lauramine oxide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_Lime_Rust

However, any corrosion oxides, chlorides, and sulfides that do form on copper are somewhat conductive. Under many application ... Depending upon loads, insulation can be PVC, neoprene, ethylene propylene, polypropylene filler, or cotton. Automotive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_conductor

... sodium oxide, potassium oxide, lead(II) oxide, zinc oxide, or mixtures of oxides, forming silicates and glasses as the Si-O-Si ... Silicon dioxide reacts in heated reflux under dinitrogen with ethylene glycol and an alkali metal base to produce highly ... Silicon oxide layers could be used to electrically stabilize silicon surfaces. The surface passivation process is an important ... Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2, most commonly found in nature as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide

As the "glaze" is already an oxide, it can survive to very high temperatures in air or oxidising environments. However, it is ... ethylene glycol) in Aqueous Glycerol Mixtures" (PDF). Tribology Letters. 37 (3): 541-552. doi:10.1007/s11249-009-9549-9. hdl: ... Compacted Oxide Layer Formation under Conditions of Limited Debris Retention at the Wear Interface during High Temperature ... Limited interest has been shown in low friction properties of compacted oxide glaze layers formed at several hundred degrees ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricant

Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) reacts with oxygen in a (2+2) cycloaddition reaction to a 1,2-dioxetane which decomposes ... Even though the product is contaminated and smelly it may be purified by addition of calcium oxide and subsequent fractional ... H.E. Winberg; J.R. Downing; D.D. Coffman (1965), "The chemiluminescence of tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene", J. Am. Chem. Soc ... Tetramethylurea is also formed during the oxidation of tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE), a very electron-rich alkene and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetramethylurea

The insertion of ethylene and propylene into titanium alkyls is the cornerstone of Ziegler-Natta catalysis, the main source of ... With transition metal alkyls, these oxides behave as electrophiles and insert into the bond between metals and their relatively ... In these reactions, ethylene coordinates to titanium metal followed by its insertion. These steps can be repeated multiple ... doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)86091-X. Burger, B. J.; Thompson, M. E.; Cotter, W. D.; Bercaw, J. E. (1990). "Ethylene Insertion and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migratory_insertion

Castor oil derivatized with propylene oxide makes polyurethane foam for mattresses and yet another new derivative is used in ... The example below shows the reaction of triolein with ozone and ethylene glycol. Air oxidation, (autoxidation), the chemistry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_oil_polyols

1991 Non-ionic surface-active agents obtained from ethylene oxide and mixed non-ionic surface-active agents - Determination of ... silicon dioxide/sodium oxide or silicon dioxide/potassium oxide ISO 1690:1976 Sodium and potassium silicates for industrial use ... Determination of sodium oxide and boric oxide contents and loss on ignition [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 1917:1972 ... 1972 Boric oxide for industrial use - Determination of boric oxide content - Volumetric method [Withdrawn without replacement] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_International_Organization_for_Standardization_standards,_1–1999

Nitrogen oxides (NO x, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide) In the tropopause, emissions of NO x favor ozone (O 3) formation in ... ethylene and propylene glycol exert high levels of biochemical oxygen demand, consuming oxygen needed by aquatic life. ... Nitrogen oxides (NO x) As designers work to reduce NO x emissions from jet engines, they fell by over 40% between 1997 and 2003 ... Airplanes emit gases (carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen oxides or carbon monoxide − bonding with oxygen to become CO2 upon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_aviation

Tompkins EM, McLuckie KI, Jones DJ, Farmer PB, Brown K (2009). "Mutagenicity of DNA adducts derived from ethylene oxide ... ethylene oxide, and isoprene. In addition to the aforementioned toxic chemicals, flavored tobacco contains flavorings which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking

... modified using ethylene oxide (oxirane). It is a milder foaming agent found in baby cleansers, gels, and cleaners. v t e ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_coceth_sulfate

Ethylene Oxide "Gas" Sterilization. Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities (2008) ... 814 OSHA has established a PEL of 5 ppm for ethylene chlorohydrin (a toxic by-product of ETO) in the workplace.876 Additional ...

https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/sterilization/ethylene-oxide.html

Exposure to ethylene oxide can cause irritation of the eyes, skin, nose, throat, and lungs, and damage to the brain and nerves ... Most of it is used to make other chemicals such as ethylene glycol, but smaller amounts are used as a pesticide or to sterilize ... Large amounts of ethylene oxide are produced in the United States. ... Very small amounts of ethylene oxide can be found in nature.. Ethylene oxide is mostly used at chemical plants to make ethylene ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/tsp/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=733&toxid=133

Testing Status of Ethylene oxide 10020-A. Testing Status of Ethylene oxide 10020-A. CASRN: 75-21-8. Formula: C2-H4-O. Synonyms/ ... Citation: Generoso, W.M., Rutledge, J.C., Cain, K.T., Hughes, L.A., and Braden, P.W. Exposure of female mice to ethylene oxide ... Citation: Generoso, W.M., Rutledge, J.C., Cain, K.T., Hughes, L.A., and Braden, P.W. Exposure of female mice to ethylene oxide ... Citation: Generoso, W.M., Cain, K.T., Hughes, L.A., and Foxworth, L. Concentration-response curves for ethylene oxide-induced ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/ts-10020-a

Ethylene chlorohydrin (EC), a by-product, is considered highly toxic. We report a cluster of 12 operating-room nurses and ... Ethylene oxide (EO) is commonly used to sterilize heat-sensitive products used by hospital patients and personnel. ... Ethylene oxide (EO) is commonly used to sterilize heat-sensitive products used by hospital patients and personnel. Ethylene ... Ethylene oxide neurotoxicity: a cluster of 12 nurses with peripheral and central nervous system toxicity Neurology. 1996 Apr;46 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8780078/

Stricter emission controls on ethylene oxide plants could cause delays in the supply chain, manufacturers warn. ... The Food and Drug Administration has been piloting alternatives for ethylene oxide to sterilize medical devices but none have ... The rule would require sterilizers to equip their facilities with technology that monitors the level of ethylene oxide in the ... The Environmental Protection Agencys proposed new rule meant to limit exposure of ethylene oxide to workers in sterilization ...

https://www.modernhealthcare.com/medical-devices/epa-ethylene-oxide-rule-device-sterilization

Ethylene oxide (EO) is a well-known sterilizing agent. However, only recently has its use significantly emerged, based on its ... Ethylene oxide sterilization of medical devices: a review Gisela C C Mendes 1 , Teresa R S Brandão, Cristina L M Silva ... Ethylene oxide sterilization of medical devices: a review Gisela C C Mendes et al. Am J Infect Control. 2007 Nov. ... Ethylene Oxide Gas Sterilization of Medical Devices. Shintani H. Shintani H. Biocontrol Sci. 2017;22(1):1-16. doi: 10.4265/bio. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17980234

Ethylene Oxide , C2H4O , CID 6354 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethylene-Oxide

Most ethylene oxide is used to manufacture ethylene glycol (used in automotive antifreeze/coolant) and polyester. ... On this page Overview Health effects Environmental effects Sources of emissions References Description Ethylene oxide is ... Ethylene oxide is converted to ethylene glycol when released. Ethylene oxide is not persistent in air due to washout by rain ... Ethylene oxide is primarily used in the manufacture of other chemicals. Most ethylene oxide is used to manufacture ethylene ...

https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/protection/npi/substances/fact-sheets/ethylene-oxide

... The Village of Gurnee continues to work with county, state and federal officials to address concerns ... that will place a cap of 110lbs per year on its ethylene oxide emissions, of which no more that 60lbs per year can be fugitive ... The Illinois EPA Bureau of Air drafted a permit that would set an annual cap on emissions of ethylene oxide from the plant of ... On October 22nd, 2018 the US EPA reached out to the Village of Gurnee notifying the Village of the use ethylene oxide by ...

https://www.gurnee.il.us/residents/safety/ethylene-oxide

Gulf Coast-based ethylene oxide & derivatives (EO&D) business.. ... Mulls Strategic Options for Gulf Coast Ethylene Oxide & ...

https://www.industrialinfo.com/news/abstract/lyondellbasell-mulls-strategic-options-for-gulf-coast-ethylene-oxide-and-derivatives-business--319113

Medline reopened ethylene oxide sterilization operations in March 2020 after a months-long shutdown and used EtO to resterilize ... Tammy Duckworth and Dick Durbin in sponsoring the bill, which would require the EPA to update ethylene oxide standards in ... FEDERAL LAW STRENGTHENING ETHYLENE OXIDE EMISSIONS STANDARDS INTRODUCED: Members of Illinois congressional delegation have ... Does more care lead to higher patient reviews? • Rush sports doctor gets NIH grant • Federal ethylene oxide regulations ...

https://www.chicagobusiness.com/health-pulse/does-more-care-lead-higher-patient-reviews-rush-sports-doctor-gets-nih-grant-federal

Thousands of food products have been recalled due to contamination with the carcinogenic and banned pollutant ethylene oxide, ... What is Ethylene Oxide?. Ethylene oxide is a carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic disinfectant which is banned in the ... Communication from the European Commission on ethylene oxide, 16/07/2021 *Revelations. Ethylene oxide in our food: the ... While ethylene oxide is used to combat fungi and bacteria in a number of countries outside the EU, it is banned in EU food ...

https://www.foodwatch.org/en/toxic-ethylene-oxide-in-foods

Our ethylene oxide monitoring services provide accurate and defensible data down to ultra-low levels through our MET-44 line of ... Characterizing ethylene oxide levels at facilities fenceline requires an ultra-high sensitivity measurement paired with a ... To enable our industrial clients to apply the most robust ethylene oxide monitoring and measurement technology on the market ... CleanAir offers mobile monitoring for ethylene oxide and other target compounds via our mobile monitoring fleet of Jeep ...

https://www.cleanair.com/ethylene-oxide-monitoring/

Isotopic product distributions observed in a mixture of ethylene oxide and ethylene oxide-d4 are consistent with this mechanism ... The relaxed ring-opened C2H4O+ ion reacts with neutral ethylene oxide by CH,sub,2,/sub,,sup, + ,/sup, transfer to yield an ... This species contains considerable internal excitation which is relaxed in collisions with ethylene oxide or bath gases such as ... Photoionization and ion cyclotron resonance studies of the ion chemistry of ethylene oxide ...

https://authors.library.caltech.edu/11879/

Nitric oxide and unique delivery. Beyond the unveiling of nitric oxide as a sterilant, Frost explained, "The second component ... Billions of medical devices are sterilized with ethylene oxide (EtO) each year. While EtO has made headlines and caused ... "The most common question I get is, Is that laughing gas? Nitric oxide is not Nitrous oxide, which is laughing gas. Nor is it ... will release the nitric oxide. This means the nitric oxide is safely stored, and then safely released within the sterilization ...

https://www.healthcarepackaging.com/markets/medical-devices/-packaginig/article/22861632/ethylene-oxide-alternative-poised-to-make-device-sterilization-waves

Ethylene oxide - Requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a sterilization proces ... Sterilization of health-care products - Ethylene oxide - Requirements for the development, validation and routine control of a ... ISO 11135:2014 specifies requirements for the development, validation and routine control of an ethylene oxide sterilization ...

https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/iso/iso111352014?source=blog

Ethylene Glycol QA/QC. Ethylene glycol is a common chemical prepared commercially by the hydration of ethylene oxide. Purity ... Derived from ethylene, ethylene oxide is a highly versatile chemical building block with many useful derivatives. These ... Chemicals produced from ethylene oxide include ethylene glycol, which is used for antifreeze, fiberglass and polyester fibers, ... In a pure state, ethylene oxide is used to sterilize many medical supplies and devices. However, its primary use is as an ...

https://www.ametekpi.com/industries/hydrocarbon-processing/ethylene-oxide

We examined spontaneous, benzene-, and ethylene oxide-induced mouse mammary carcinomas for p53 p … ... Benzene and ethylene oxide are multisite carcinogens in rodents and classified as human carcinogens by the National Toxicology ... Frequent p53 and H-ras mutations in benzene- and ethylene oxide-induced mammary gland carcinomas from B6C3F1 mice Christopher D ... Frequent p53 and H-ras mutations in benzene- and ethylene oxide-induced mammary gland carcinomas from B6C3F1 mice Christopher D ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17162533?ordinalpos=5&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

The 3Rs of EO Sterilization: Sustaining the Continued Safe Use of Ethylene Oxide. Ethylene Oxide (EO) sterilization technology ... Product Adoption for Ethylene Oxide Sterilization. Adoption of a new product into a device family or changes to the design and ...

https://sterigenics.com/webinar-category/ethylene-oxide/

DETECTOR TUBE, ETHYLENE OXIDE, 10/BX #122SL Ethylene Oxide 50-2600 ppm ...

https://www.zefon.com/detector-tube-ethylene-oxide-10bx-5

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Regulatory Actions on Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Webinar. ... U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proposed Regulatory Actions on Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Webinar ... for Ethylene Oxide Sterilization. Prior to joining OAQPS in 2016, Jonathan worked for three years as an independent contractor ... Office of Air and Radiation has released proposed revisions to a second residual risk and technology review for Ethylene Oxide ...

https://www.astaspice.org/industry-news-events/webinars/epa-eto-updates-webinar/

... the global Ethylene Oxide market is projected to grow at a compound annual rate (CAGR) of 4% between 2022 and ... Ethylene Oxide Market by Application : *Ethylene Oxide for manufacturing Ethylene Glycol. *Ethylene Oxide for manufacturing ... The PET bottle manufacturing industry accounts for over half of the global ethylene oxide production. The global ethylene oxide ... Key Takeaways from Asia Pacific Ethylene Oxide Market Study. *With the increasing use of ethylene glycol in antifreeze ...

https://www.einpresswire.com/article/573549098/demand-for-medical-equipment-to-enhance-ethylene-oxide-adoption-as-a-sterilization-agent-expected-to-reach-us-47-6-billion-by-2032-fact-mr-study

What You Need to Know About Ethylene Oxide - Naperville Injury Lawyer ... What You Need to Know About Ethylene Oxide. What You Need to Know About Ethylene Oxide What is Ethylene Oxide?. Ethylene oxide ... What is Ethylene Oxide Used for?. Ethylene oxide is usually used in the production of: other chemicals such as ethylene glycol ... What Happens to Ethylene Oxide in the Environment?. When ethylene oxide is released into the air it is broken down by humidity ...

https://www.collinslaw.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-ethylene-oxide.html

Ethylene Oxide May Cause Cancer May Damage Fertility Or Unborn Child Respiratory Protection And Protective Clothing May Be ... Ethylene Oxide May Cause Cancer May Damage Fertility Or Unborn Child Respiratory Protection And Protective Clothing May Be ... Keep your employees informed with Labelmasters Danger Ethylene Oxide, May Cause Cancer Signs. Measuring 10 x 14 in. and made ... Keep your employees informed with Labelmasters Danger Ethylene Oxide, May Cause Cancer Signs. Measuring 10 x 14 in. and made ...

https://www.labelmaster.com/shop/safety/ghs-hazcom-products/hcs-ghs-safety-signs/ghs-safety-signs/danger-ethylene-oxide-may-cause-cancer-signs/ethylene-oxide-sign-10-x-14-aluminum-hmcaw174va?returnurl=%2Fshop%2Fsafety%2Fghs-hazcom-products%2Fhcs-ghs-safety-signs%2Fghs-safety-signs%2Fdanger-ethylene-oxide-may-cause-cancer-signs%2F

beta$-NMR Measurements of Lithium Ion Transport in Thin Films of Pure and Lithium-Salt-Doped Poly(ethylene oxide). ... beta$-NMR Measurements of Lithium Ion Transport in Thin Films of Pure and Lithium-Salt-Doped Poly(ethylene oxide). ... beta$-NMR Measurements of Lithium Ion Transport in Thin Films of Pure and Lithium-Salt-Doped Poly(ethylene oxide) ...

http://www.chem.ubc.ca/beta-nmr-measurements-lithium-ion-transport-thin-films-pure-and-lithium-salt-doped-polyethylene

Read more about ethylene oxide on the ANSI Blog - Page 1 ... ethylene oxide. ISO Health Care Product Sterilization Standards ... AAMI TIR14:2016 - Contract Sterilization Using Ethylene Oxide. October 14, 2016. February 6, 2023. Brad Kelechava ...

https://blog.ansi.org/tag/ethylene-oxide/

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed new measures to reduce exposure to ethylene oxide (EtO) - a ... Overly conservative regulations on ethylene oxide could threaten access to products ranging from electric vehicle batteries to ...

https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/epa-proposes-new-rules-to-cut-ethylene-oxide-exposure/4017283.article

The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. ...

https://balchem.com/performance-gases/resources/americas-sds-ethylene-oxide/

These workers generally have a higher exposure to ethylene oxide than the public. (cdc.gov)
Exposure of the general population to ethylene oxide usually involves levels that are lower than those known to cause health problems. (cdc.gov)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has concluded that inhalation exposure to ethylene oxide is carcinogenic to humans. (cdc.gov)
If you are concerned about exposure to ethylene oxide, call your doctor or nurse. (cdc.gov)
Once exposure stops, ethylene oxide leaves the body within hours or days, so a medical test may not show if you have been exposed in the past. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation is the primary route of exposure to ethylene oxide in both occupational and environmental settings (ATSDR 2020). (cdc.gov)
Inhalation exposure can occur during production or use of ethylene oxide. (cdc.gov)
Because ethylene oxide can be highly reactive and sometimes explosive, the equipment used for its processing generally consists of tightly closed and highly automated systems, which decreases the risk of occupational exposure (NTP 2021). (cdc.gov)
The general population's exposure to ethylene oxide occurs primarily via inhalation. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed ethylene oxide hemoglobin adducts (a biomarker of ethylene oxide exposure from all sources) in more than 2,500 participants from the 2013-14 and 2015-16 NHANES cycles. (cdc.gov)
The Environmental Protection Agency's proposed new rule meant to limit exposure of ethylene oxide to workers in sterilization plants has medical device manufacturers worried about potential delays and shortages. (modernhealthcare.com)
The company also said the EPA's proposed rule overinflates the risk associated with exposure to ethylene oxide. (modernhealthcare.com)
The immediate effects of exposure to high concentrations of ethylene oxide can mean death of animals, birds or fish and death or low growth rate in plants. (dcceew.gov.au)
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed new measures to reduce exposure to ethylene oxide (EtO) - a colourless and flammable gas that is widely used as a disinfectant and pesticide. (chemistryworld.com)
But some cancers are more common after exposure to ethylene oxide. (mg4law.com)
CIB 51: Carcinogenic Effects of Exposure to Propylene Oxide. (cdc.gov)
CIB 52 identifies potential sources of ethylene oxide (EtO) exposure from gas sterilizers in health-care facilities and describes control methods recommended by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
Eye irritation may have been related to exposure to ethylene - oxide (75218) (EtO), which was used in the adjacent Central Supply Department. (cdc.gov)
Only three of 50 samples for wastes anesthetics in the Operating Room Suites were above the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits of 25 parts per million for nitrous- oxide and 2 parts per million for halogenated anesthetics per procedure. (cdc.gov)

Ethylene oxide is mostly used at chemical plants to make ethylene glycol (a chemical used to make antifreeze and polyester). (cdc.gov)
Ethylene oxide is mostly used to produce other chemicals such as ethylene glycol (antifreeze). (cdc.gov)
Most ethylene oxide is used to manufacture ethylene glycol (used in automotive antifreeze/coolant) and polyester. (dcceew.gov.au)
Chemicals produced from ethylene oxide include ethylene glycol, which is used for antifreeze, fiberglass and polyester fibers, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), used to manufacture plastic bottles and packaging film. (ametekpi.com)
Ethylene glycol is a common chemical prepared commercially by the hydration of ethylene oxide. (ametekpi.com)
Most propylene oxide is used as an intermediate in the production of polyether polyols used to manufacture polyurethane foam and in the production of propylene glycol for unsaturated polyester resins. (cdc.gov)

Limited research that looked at pregnant women who were exposed to high levels of ethylene oxide in the workplace showed that some women had miscarriages. (cdc.gov)
Fumigated foods and sterilized hospital equipment may have initially high levels of ethylene oxide, which dissipate and/or degrade into other products within a few days (ATSDR 2020). (cdc.gov)
It turns out that our communities have been exposed to very high levels of ethylene oxide for decades and many of our residents are becoming sick. (mg4law.com)

A small amount of ethylene oxide is used to control insects in nuts and spices. (collinslaw.com)
However, some people believe that the amount of ethylene oxide is still too high in Covington and nearby areas. (mg4law.com)

The National Pollutant Inventory ( NPI ) holds data for all sources of ethylene oxide emissions in Australia. (dcceew.gov.au)

Since September last year, thousands of food products have been recalled due to contamination with the carcinogenic and banned pollutant ethylene oxide, especially in France. (foodwatch.org)
Ethylene oxide is a carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic disinfectant which is banned in the European Union and yet has been circulating in Europe for several months or even years. (foodwatch.org)
Based on studies involving humans and on animal studies, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have determined that ethylene oxide is carcinogenic to humans. (collinslaw.com)

Ethylene oxide is used to clean spices, produce antifreeze, in textile manufacturing and as a pesticide. (modernhealthcare.com)

MET-44 configurations include ethylene oxide Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (MET-44 CEMS) as well as indoor, and outdoor fenceline, and leak detection monitoring configurations (MET-44 aQ). (cleanair.com)

Workers generally have higher inhalation and dermal exposures to ethylene oxide than the general public. (cdc.gov)
Citation: Russell, L.B., Cummings, R.B., and Hunsicker, P.R. Specific-Locus mutation rates in the mouse following inhalation of ethylene oxide and application of the results estimation of human genetic risk. (nih.gov)
Nasal tumors were induced in both rats and mice exposed to propylene oxide by inhalation. (cdc.gov)

Accurately quantifying facility emissions and documenting larger than 99.99% reduction efficiencies of air pollution control equipment requires a measurement technology that is capable of quickly and reliably detecting ethylene oxide at sub-parts-per-billion (ppb) concentrations. (cleanair.com)
The MET-44 CEMS and its high-quality sampling system components developed by CleanAir is the most state-of-the-art ethylene oxide continuous emissions monitoring solution available on the market. (cleanair.com)
Jonathan serves as the project lead for EPA's review of the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) for Ethylene Oxide Sterilization. (astaspice.org)
People in the general population may be exposed to ethylene oxide by breathing contaminated air from uncontrolled emissions or venting from a facility that uses the chemical. (collinslaw.com)
Does Covington Have High Emissions of Ethylene Oxide? (mg4law.com)

On July 13, 1989, CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) published Current Intelligence Bulletins (CIBs) on propylene oxide (1) and on ethylene oxide (2). (cdc.gov)
NIOSH recommends that propylene oxide be regarded as a potential occupational carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
No epidemiologic data are available for the estimated 200,000 workers exposed to propylene oxide. (cdc.gov)
U.S. production of propylene oxide in 1980 was approximately 1.8 billion pounds. (cdc.gov)
The findings of cancer and other tumors in both rats and mice treated with propylene oxide meet the criteria established in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Cancer Policy (3) for regarding it as a potential occupational carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
4. Propylene oxide. (nih.gov)

This species contains considerable internal excitation which is relaxed in collisions with ethylene oxide or bath gases such as SF6 prior to reaction. (caltech.edu)
Concern was expressed regarding the monitoring for ethylene-oxide (75218) (ETO), waste anesthetic gases in the operating room suites, cold sterilants, dark room chemicals, laboratory chemicals used in pathology, and nitrous-oxide (10024972) used in dental operations. (cdc.gov)

Ethylene oxide is a man-made flammable gas with a somewhat sweet odor when it is at very high levels. (cdc.gov)
Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a colorless and flammable gas with a sweet, fruity odor at room temperature. (cdc.gov)
Ethylene oxide is a flammable gas which has a somewhat sweet odor. (collinslaw.com)

A small percentage of ethylene oxide is used in the sterilization or fumigation of certain equipment (about 50% of all sterile medical devices), cosmetics, and food (ATSDR 2020, EPA 2018, NTP 2021). (cdc.gov)
Release of ethylene oxide to the environment has decreased markedly since 1988 (NTP 2021). (cdc.gov)
Health-care technicians can be exposed to short, concentrated bursts of the gas when the door of a sterilizing chamber is opened, unless the most modern ethylene oxide sterilizer is utilized to allow a continuous process from sterilization to aeration in the same chamber (ATSDR 2020, IARC 2018, NTP 2021). (cdc.gov)

Exposures to glutaraldehyde (111308), acetic-acid (64197), hydroquinone (123319), ethylene-oxide (75218), formaldehyde (50000), xylene (1330207), and volatile organic compounds were all well below any evaluation criteria. (cdc.gov)

Increased salinity decreases the half-life of ethylene oxide (ATSDR 2020, EPA 2018). (cdc.gov)
Ethylene oxide is highly effective as a sterilant gas where it can penetrate packaging (such as cardboard, shrink wrap, paper, and other wrappings) and destroy bacteria and viruses (ATSDR 2020). (cdc.gov)
The general population also may be exposed to ethylene oxide through first and second-hand smoking (ATSDR 2020). (cdc.gov)

Occupational sources include factories where ethylene oxide is produced or used to make other chemicals, and facilities performing medical device sterilization or fumigation of foods, clothing, and cosmetics. (cdc.gov)
Ethylene oxide is primarily used in the manufacture of other chemicals. (dcceew.gov.au)
The possibility to exploit renewable sources for the production of bulk chemicals is attractive and bio-ethanol has been recently proposed as platform to produce hydrogen via steam reforming and bio-ethylene by dehydration. (unige.it)
custom_button button_text="Dangerous Chemicals Like Ethylene Oxide, The Rattlesnake Problem! (mg4law.com)

Tobacco smoke contains 7 mg of ethylene oxide per cigarette (EPA 2018). (cdc.gov)

There is no guideline for ethylene oxide in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines . (dcceew.gov.au)

The rule would require sterilizers to equip their facilities with technology that monitors the level of ethylene oxide in the air and mandates that workers wear personal protective equipment in locations where the chemical is detected. (modernhealthcare.com)
The Village of Gurnee continues to work with county, state and federal officials to address concerns regarding the use of the chemical ethylene oxide (EtO), at the Vantage Specialty, Inc facility located at 3938 Porett Drive, Gurnee. (il.us)
Derived from ethylene, ethylene oxide is a highly versatile chemical building block with many useful derivatives. (ametekpi.com)
On July 19, 2019, WebMD published an article on ethylene oxide and cancer, which contained eye-opening information about this chemical and the increased risk of cancer in our communities. (mg4law.com)
Any chemical that causes over 100 cancers per 1 million people creates an unacceptable risk, so ethylene oxide gas is very dangerous. (mg4law.com)

Tammy Duckworth and Dick Durbin in sponsoring the bill, which would require the EPA to update ethylene oxide standards in accordance with stricter guidelines outlined in a 2016 agency study. (chicagobusiness.com)

The NHANES data indicate that more than 95% of the U.S. population have detectable levels of ethylene oxide hemoglobin adducts in their blood and that adducts levels in cigarette smokers are about 7 times higher than in non-smokers (CDC 2020). (cdc.gov)
Medline reopened ethylene oxide sterilization operations in March 2020 after a months-long shutdown and used EtO to resterilize N95 masks during pandemic. (chicagobusiness.com)
For the first time on 9 September 2020, Belgium reported via the European rapid alert system RASFF that sesame seeds from India were contaminated with ethylene oxide. (foodwatch.org)

If you work where ethylene oxide is made or used (such as in hospitals or facilities processing certain herbs and spices), you could be exposed to it by breathing it in or getting it on your skin. (cdc.gov)
A small amount of the total ethylene oxide used in the United States is used to remove the threat of mold, bacteria, and insects from herbs and spices, but because it breaks up into the air, only very small amounts could remain on food, if at all. (cdc.gov)
Workers may be exposed to ethylene oxide during sterilization of a variety of items such as medical equipment and products (e.g., surgical instruments, single-use medical devices), disposable health-care products, pharmaceutical and veterinary products, food, spices, and animal feed. (cdc.gov)

EIN News / -- United States, Rockville MD, May 22, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- According to a recently published Fact.MR report, the global Ethylene Oxide market is projected to grow at a compound annual rate (CAGR) of 4% between 2022 and 2032. (einpresswire.com)
The demand for Ethylene Oxide is expected to rise over the forecast period and the market is projected to gain a global market size worth of US$ 32 Billion by the end of 2022. (einpresswire.com)

The market for ethylene oxide in the market will continue to grow in response to the increase in demand for polyester fibers in the development of textile industries in this region. (einpresswire.com)

Ethylene oxide (EO) is commonly used to sterilize heat-sensitive products used by hospital patients and personnel. (nih.gov)
The Food and Drug Administration has been piloting alternatives for ethylene oxide to sterilize medical devices but none have the scale to replace the carcinogen without disrupting the supply chain. (modernhealthcare.com)
In a pure state, ethylene oxide is used to sterilize many medical supplies and devices. (ametekpi.com)

Nitric oxide is not Nitrous oxide, which is laughing gas. (healthcarepackaging.com)

Beyond the unveiling of nitric oxide as a sterilant, Frost explained, "The second component to this innovation is the packaging. (healthcarepackaging.com)
The way that we deliver the nitric oxide as a sterilant is through the packaging itself. (healthcarepackaging.com)

Workers exposed to high concentrations of ethylene oxide for short and long amounts of time reported having effects such as headaches, memory loss, numbness, nausea, and vomiting. (cdc.gov)
The same underlying technology from the MET-44 CEMS and MET-44 aQ is used by CleanAir to conduct mobile site surveys for clients interested in characterizing ethylene oxide concentrations throughout and around any facility. (cleanair.com)

Ethylene chlorohydrin (EC), a by-product, is considered highly toxic. (nih.gov)

Workers who do routine sterilization of medical equipment in hospitals or other workplaces may be exposed to relatively high levels (higher than other workers) of ethylene oxide. (cdc.gov)
Workers exposed to high levels (generally tens of thousands of times higher than the general population is exposed to) of ethylene oxide in the air for short periods of time reported lung irritation. (cdc.gov)
Some studies of the highest exposed workers who were exposed to ethylene oxide over an average of 10 years or longer had higher risks of certain types of cancer, such as some blood cancers and breast cancer. (cdc.gov)
or who are fumigation workers may be exposed to ethylene oxide in the workplace by breathing the air. (collinslaw.com)

Studies on the orthogonal assembly of ß-cyclodextrin-poly (Îµ-caprolactone) and ferrocene-poly (ethylene oxide). (bvsalud.org)
The amphiphilic "jellyfish-like'' polymer with a hollow cavity and hydrophobic tails could orthogonally self -assemble into a new amphiphilic supramolecular copolymer CD-PCL/FcPEG with poly ( ethylene oxide ) end-decorated by ferrocene (FcPEG) in aqueous solution based on terminal hydrophobic interactions . (bvsalud.org)

Ethylene oxide sterilization of medical devices--with special reference to the sporicidal activity and residual concentration of ethylene oxide and its secondary products. (nih.gov)
After a series of long debates at EU level about whether the regulations should be followed to the letter, as happened in France, the Commission's decision was announced on 16 July: all Member States will have to guarantee the health safety of Europeans and recall on mass the products affected by this ethylene oxide contamination, including those products containing locust bean gum (E410) - a thickening agent often used in ice cream. (foodwatch.org)
On June 28, foodwatch France was informed that French authorities started to communicate to operators (manufacturers, distributors) the possibility of a slackening in the recalls of products contaminated with ethylene oxide. (foodwatch.org)
CleanAir's MET-44 Line of Products introduces Next Generation Emission Measurement (NGEM) solutions for the industrial monitoring of Ethylene Oxide (EtO or EO). (cleanair.com)
Time-resolved photoionozation mass spectrometry (PIMS), ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy (ICR), and photoelectron spectroscopy have been employed to study the formation of the ethylene oxide molecular ion and its subsequent ion-molecule reactions which lead to the products C2H5O+ and C3H5O+. (caltech.edu)
Ethylene Oxide (EO) sterilization technology plays a vital role in enabling critical medical products. (sterigenics.com)
Overly conservative regulations on ethylene oxide could threaten access to products ranging from electric vehicle batteries to sterilized medical equipment,' the ACC warned. (chemistryworld.com)

Some European countries and manufacturers tried to minimize the health risks of Ethylene Oxide. (foodwatch.org)
The federal government has identified Covington as one of the census tracts in the U.S. with high cancer risks because of airborne toxins like ethylene oxide. (mg4law.com)

However, semiquantitative evaluation of p53 protein expression revealed that benzene- and ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas exhibited expression levels five- to six-fold higher than spontaneous carcinomas. (nih.gov)

While ethylene oxide is used to combat fungi and bacteria in a number of countries outside the EU, it is banned in EU food production. (foodwatch.org)

Ethylene oxide is also used for the sterilisation of equipment in hospitals and veterinary institutions. (dcceew.gov.au)

There are two tests-done in a specialty lab-that can determine if you have been exposed to ethylene oxide. (collinslaw.com)

We examined spontaneous, benzene-, and ethylene oxide-induced mouse mammary carcinomas for p53 protein expression, using immunohistochemistry, and p53 (exons 5-8) and H-ras (codon 61) mutations using cycle sequencing techniques. (nih.gov)
p53 mutations were found in 58% (7/12) of spontaneous, 57% (8/14) of benzene-, and 67% (8/12) of ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas. (nih.gov)
H-ras mutations were identified in 26% (5/19) of spontaneous, 50% (7/14) of benzene-, and 33% (4/12) of ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas. (nih.gov)
When H-ras mutations were present, concurrent p53 mutations were identified in 40% (2/5) of spontaneous, 71% (5/7) of benzene-, and 75% (3/4) of ethylene oxide-induced carcinomas. (nih.gov)

Small amounts of ethylene oxide are also produced when tobacco is burned. (cdc.gov)
Individuals who smoke may also be exposed to ethylene oxide through tobacco smoke. (collinslaw.com)

Billions of medical devices are sterilized with ethylene oxide (EtO) each year. (healthcarepackaging.com)
This breakthrough technology, announced May 9 at the healthcare packaging conference in Austin, may mean that there will no longer be a tradeoff between having sufficient medical devices and the elimination of EtO: Nitric oxide (NO). (healthcarepackaging.com)
ISO 11135:2014 specifies requirements for the development, validation and routine control of an ethylene oxide sterilization process for medical devices in both the industrial and health care facility settings, and it acknowledges the similarities and differences between the two applications. (ansi.org)
Increased funding and investments from public and private organizations to improve those infrastructures, in addition to the increased use of well-equipped medical devices, are expected to drive ethylene oxide demand throughout the forecast period. (einpresswire.com)

When mice have been exposed to ethylene oxide, they developed brain, lung, and uterine cancers. (mg4law.com)

People living near industrial facilities that release ethylene oxide to the outdoor air may be exposed to higher levels of ethylene oxide than people who do not live near these facilities. (cdc.gov)
Populations at greater risk are those living or working near facilities releasing ethylene oxide, especially for long durations. (cdc.gov)
Characterizing ethylene oxide levels at facilities' fenceline requires an ultra-high sensitivity measurement paired with a rapid system response. (cleanair.com)
CIB 52: Ethylene Oxide Sterilizers in Health-Care Facilities: Engineering Controls and Work Practices. (cdc.gov)

You are not likely to be exposed to ethylene oxide in the general environment. (dcceew.gov.au)
What Happens to Ethylene Oxide in the Environment? (collinslaw.com)

Can ethylene oxide cause cancer? (cdc.gov)
Keep your employees informed with Labelmaster's Danger Ethylene Oxide, May Cause Cancer Signs. (labelmaster.com)
WebMD and Georgia Health News were the first to break this information to the public, even after the federal government collected information about the cancer risk caused by ethylene oxide. (mg4law.com)
If you have lived in this community for years and developed cancer, we understand that pointing a finger at ethylene oxide makes sense. (mg4law.com)

Markets for ethylene oxide are anticipated to grow in response to the growing demand for PET bottles from the packaging industry. (einpresswire.com)
The global ethylene oxide market is gaining momentum through demand from the personal healthcare and automotive industries. (einpresswire.com)
It is predicted that the ethylene oxide industry in Asia Pacific will grow over the next few years, mainly because of the increasing demand for textiles by organizations in countries such as Japan, South Korea, India, and China. (einpresswire.com)
Having the largest production of PET resins, this region has further contributed to the demand for ethylene oxide in the market. (einpresswire.com)
Demand that the polluter cease emitting ethylene oxide into your community's air. (collinslaw.com)

Another compound with huge industrial applications is ethylene oxide, which may be in principle obtained in two steps following the route bioethanol bio-ethylene bio-ethylene oxide. (unige.it)

Some laboratory animals exposed to ethylene oxide for several months also had kidney problems and anemia (low amount of red blood cells). (cdc.gov)

Ethylene oxide is also naturally formed in the body during the breakdown of ethylene. (cdc.gov)
Ethylene oxide is naturally occurring in the body, as it is formed from ethylene conversion during metabolic processes. (cdc.gov)
Ethylene oxide can enter your body when air containing ethylene oxide is breathed into your lungs. (dcceew.gov.au)
If you have been exposed to ethylene oxide it leaves your body through exhaling it from your lungs or through urine and faeces. (dcceew.gov.au)
Once it enters the body, ethylene oxide is expelled rather quickly, perhaps in as little as 2-3 days. (collinslaw.com)

The PET bottle manufacturing industry accounts for over half of the global ethylene oxide production. (einpresswire.com)
99.5 % ethanol conversion and 84 % selectivity to ethylene oxide were achieved, with ca. 90 kmol/h productivity, starting from the bioethanol production of a commercial bio-refinery as preliminary criterion for sizing. (unige.it)

In 1987, it released 76,000 pounds of ethylene oxide. (mg4law.com)

You may be exposed to ethylene oxide if you work where it is manufactured or used. (dcceew.gov.au)
Ethylene oxide can also be dispersed by wind, so members of the public have been less exposed to it than those who work directly with the gas. (mg4law.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Health Care8

Is breast cancer cluster influenced by environmental and occupational factors among hospital nurses in Hungary? (1/202)

Molecular dosimetry of endogenous and ethylene oxide-induced N7-(2-hydroxyethyl) guanine formation in tissues of rodents. (2/202)

Dose-rate effects of ethylene oxide exposure on developmental toxicity. (3/202)

Cellular internalization of PCL(20)-b-PEO(44) block copolymer micelles. (4/202)

Characterization of DNA condensates induced by poly(ethylene oxide) and polylysine. (5/202)

Combined effects of gamma-radiation and ethylene oxide in human diploid fibroblasts. (6/202)

Hemoglobin adducts from acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in cigarette smokers: effects of glutathione S-transferase T1-null and M1-null genotypes. (7/202)

Biomarkers of exposure and effect as indicators of potential carcinogenic risk arising from in vivo metabolism of ethylene to ethylene oxide. (8/202)

Ethylene Oxide

Ethylenes

Sterilization

Ethylene Glycol

Poloxamer

Polyethylene Glycols

Poloxalene

Ethylene Chlorohydrin

Ethylene Glycols

Disinfectants

Central Supply, Hospital

Nitric Oxide Synthase

Spores

Ethylene Dichlorides

Chemical Industry

Humidity

Ethylene Dibromide

United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Polymers

Propiolactone

Amino Acids, Cyclic

Epoxy Compounds

Equipment Reuse

Surface-Active Agents

Chlorohydrins

Biofouling

Facility Regulation and Control

Fumigation

Polyethylenes

Micelles

Acrylonitrile

Is breast cancer cluster influenced by environmental and occupational factors among hospital nurses in Hungary? (1/202)

Molecular dosimetry of endogenous and ethylene oxide-induced N7-(2-hydroxyethyl) guanine formation in tissues of rodents. (2/202)

Dose-rate effects of ethylene oxide exposure on developmental toxicity. (3/202)

Cellular internalization of PCL(20)-b-PEO(44) block copolymer micelles. (4/202)

Characterization of DNA condensates induced by poly(ethylene oxide) and polylysine. (5/202)

Combined effects of gamma-radiation and ethylene oxide in human diploid fibroblasts. (6/202)

Hemoglobin adducts from acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in cigarette smokers: effects of glutathione S-transferase T1-null and M1-null genotypes. (7/202)

Biomarkers of exposure and effect as indicators of potential carcinogenic risk arising from in vivo metabolism of ethylene to ethylene oxide. (8/202)

Ethylene oxide

Chemical Industries of Ethylene Oxide explosion

Epoxide

Contact dermatitis

Sterilant gas monitoring

Sterilization (microbiology)

Endospore

Monopropellant

Star-shaped polymer

Ethylene glycol dinitrate

Monde Nissin

Poisson distribution

Solid-state electrolyte

Hot tapping

Product recall

Commercial classification of chemicals

Lithium polymer battery

United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic

Graft polymer

Polymer electrolytes

Iodine compounds

Alkylation

Solid state ionics

Iodine

Polydioxanone

Diethylene glycol

Central sterile services department

Propylene oxide

Ethanolamine

Crown ether

Extractive metallurgy

1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzene

Garlic sausage

Ineos

Ralph Landau

Acute tubular necrosis

Sodium hypochlorite

Ammonia

Rev7 Gum

Aziridines

Edward Wilson Merrill