An international study of the relation between somatic symptoms and depression. (1/11)
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Patients with depression, particularly those seen by primary care physicians, may report somatic symptoms, such as headache, constipation, weakness, or back pain. Some previous studies have suggested that patients in non-Western countries are more likely to report somatic symptoms than are patients in Western countries. We used data from the World Health Organization's study of psychological problems in general health care to examine the relation between somatic symptoms and depression. The study, conducted in 1991 and 1992, screened 25,916 patients at 15 primary care centers in 14 countries on 5 continents. Of the patients in the original sample, 5447 underwent a structured assessment of depressive and somatoform disorders. RESULTS: A total of 1146 patients (weighted prevalence, 10.1 percent) met the criteria for major depression. The range of patients with depression who reported only somatic symptoms was 45 to 95 percent (overall prevalence, 69 percent; P=0.002 for the comparison among centers). A somatic presentation was more common at centers where patients lacked an ongoing relationship with a primary care physician than at centers where most patients had a personal physician (odds ratio, 1.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.7). Half the depressed patients reported multiple unexplained somatic symptoms, and 11 percent denied psychological symptoms of depression on direct questioning. Neither of these proportions varied significantly among the centers. Although the overall prevalence of depressive symptoms varied markedly among the centers, the frequencies of psychological and physical symptoms were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Somatic symptoms of depression are common in many countries, but their frequency varies depending on how somatization is defined. There is substantial variation in how frequently patients with depression present with strictly somatic symptoms. In part, this variation may reflect characteristics of physicians and health care systems, as well as cultural differences among patients. (+info)The association between negative self-descriptions and depressive symptomology: does culture make a difference? (2/11)
Research findings that depressed Americans endorse more negative self-related adjectives than controls may be related to a shared self-enhancement cultural frame. This study examines the relationship between negative core self-descriptors and depressive symptoms in 79 Japanese and 50 American women. Americans had more positive self-descriptions and core self-descriptors; however, there were no cultural group differences in number of negative self-descriptors or core self-descriptors. There was a significant correlation between negative core self-descriptor and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for Americans only, explaining 10.6% of the BDI variance. Analysis of variance revealed that there was significant BDI group differences for American negative core self-descriptor only. Theoretical possibilities are discussed. (+info)Cultural competence in mental health care: a review of model evaluations. (3/11)
BACKGROUND: Cultural competency is now a core requirement for mental health professionals working with culturally diverse patient groups. Cultural competency training may improve the quality of mental health care for ethnic groups. METHODS: A systematic review that included evaluated models of professional education or service delivery. RESULTS: Of 109 potential papers, only 9 included an evaluation of the model to improve the cultural competency practice and service delivery. All 9 studies were located in North America. Cultural competency included modification of clinical practice and organizational performance. Few studies published their teaching and learning methods. Only three studies used quantitative outcomes. One of these showed a change in attitudes and skills of staff following training. The cultural consultation model showed evidence of significant satisfaction by clinicians using the service. No studies investigated service user experiences and outcomes. CONCLUSION: There is limited evidence on the effectiveness of cultural competency training and service delivery. Further work is required to evaluate improvement in service users' experiences and outcomes. (+info)Rituals, ceremonies and customs related to sacred trees with a special reference to the Middle East. (4/11)
Tree worship is very common worldwide. This field study surveys the ceremonies and customs related to sacred trees in present-day Israel; it includes the results of interviews with 98 informants in thirty-one Arab, Bedouin, and Druze villages in the Galilee. The main results are: 1. Sacred trees were treated as another kind of sacred entity with all their metaphysical as well as physical manifestations. 2. There is not even one ceremony or custom that is peculiar only to a sacred tree and is not performed in other sacred places (such as a saint's grave or a mosque). 3. Few customs, such as: quarrel settling (= Sulkha), leaving objects to absorb the divine blessing and leaving objects for charity) seem to be characteristic of this region, only. 4. In modern times, sacred trees were never recorded, in Israel, as centres for official religious ceremonies including sacrifices, nor as places for the performing of rites of passage. 5. There is some variation among the different ethnic groups: Kissing trees and worshipping them is more common among the Druze although carrying out burials under the tree, leaving water and rain-making ceremonies under them have not been recorded in this group. Passing judgments under the tree is more typical of the Bedouin in which the sacred trees were commonly used as a public social centre. Most of the customs surveyed here are known from other parts of the world. The differences between Muslims and Druze are related to the latter's belief in the transmigration of souls. (+info)Culture rather than genes provides greater scope for the evolution of large-scale human prosociality. (5/11)
(+info)Language, culture, and adaptation in immigrant children. (6/11)
(+info)Migration challenges among Zimbabwean refugees before, during and post arrival in South Africa. (7/11)
(+info)The psychiatric cultural formulation: translating medical anthropology into clinical practice. (8/11)
(+info)Ethnopsychology is a subfield of psychology that focuses on the study of cultural differences in mental states, processes, and behaviors. It examines how various ethnic groups perceive, explain, and cope with psychological phenomena based on their unique cultural backgrounds, beliefs, values, and practices. Ethnopsychologists aim to understand how these cultural factors influence an individual's psychological development, cognition, emotion, motivation, and mental health.
This interdisciplinary field combines elements from anthropology, sociology, psychology, and cultural studies to explore the relationship between culture and psychology. Research in ethnopsychology often involves cross-cultural comparisons of psychological constructs, such as attitudes, emotions, personality, and mental disorders, with the goal of increasing our understanding of human behavior in its diverse cultural contexts.
Some key concepts within ethnopsychology include:
1. Cultural relativism: The idea that psychological phenomena should be understood within their specific cultural context rather than judged against universal standards or norms.
2. Ethnocentrism: The tendency to view one's own culture as superior or more correct than others, which can lead to biased interpretations of behavior in different cultural settings.
3. Emic and etic approaches: Emic perspectives focus on understanding a particular culture from the inside, using local concepts and categories. In contrast, etic perspectives involve applying universal theories and methods across various cultures.
4. Cultural syndromes: Patterns of symptoms or behaviors that are specific to certain cultural groups and may not align with traditional Western diagnostic categories.
5. Acculturation: The process by which individuals from different cultural backgrounds adapt to a new culture, often involving changes in language, values, attitudes, and behaviors.
By studying the interplay between culture and psychology, ethnopsychologists contribute to our knowledge of human diversity and help inform culturally sensitive approaches to mental health treatment and prevention.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Spiritualism" is not a term that is typically used in medical definitions. It is a philosophical and religious movement that believes in the existence of spirits and communication with them. However, in the context of psychology and psychiatry, the term "spirituality" is sometimes used to refer to a person's sense of purpose, meaning, and connection to something greater than oneself, which can have an impact on their mental health and well-being.
If you are looking for information about spirituality in a medical context, I would be happy to help clarify or provide more information if you could provide more context or specify what you are interested in learning about.
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The minefield: ethical-methodological recommendations for research in ethnopsychology
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"Applying nepali ethnopsychology to psychotherapy for the treatment of " by Brandon A. Kohrt, Sujen M. Maharjan et al.
They advise that medication initiatives need idioms out of worry, contextualized in this Nepali ethnopsychology, to eliminate...
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Psychology2
- Ethnopsychology is a reference that brings together knowledge of Psychology, Anthropology and Psychoanalysis, being widely used in the investigations that have as scenery the religious communities of African matrix. (bvsalud.org)
- This book is structured so that each chapter provides a biographical sketch of the woman, a summary of the dissertation, a reproducibility critique, a discussion about a modern alternative theory or methodological approach associated with the work (feminist theory, ethnopsychology, liberation psychology, etc.), and examples of how the dissertation can be used as instructional content in psychology and related disciplines offers suggestions for classroom use. (hive.co.uk)
Nepali1
- Applying nepali ethnopsychology to psychotherapy for the treatment of " by Brandon A. Kohrt, Sujen M. Maharjan et al. (gwu.edu)
Search1
- Results of search for 'su:{Ethnopsychology. (who.int)
History1
- This intriguing puzzle in ethnopsychology and history was personally relevant to me, since I was one of the psychedelic researchers who saw the enormous transformative potentials of 'consciousness expanding' drugs, as we called them, and were eager to continue the research into their psychological significance. (druglibrary.net)
Social1
- Estudio de los fenómenos sociales que caracterizan a las actividades sociales aprendidas, compartidas y transmitidas en grupos étnicos concretos, con la atención centrada en las causas, las consecuencias y las complejidades de la variabilidad social y cultural humana. (bvsalud.org)
Idioms2
- This article proposes a preliminary model of ethnopsychology described by urban Kenyans, which incorporates local (traditional) and global (biomedical) idioms of distress that are both distinct and overlapping in symptomology and experience. (nih.gov)
- This ethnopsychology was generated from analyzing 100 life history narrative interviews among patients seeking care in a public hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, which explicitly probed into how people experienced and expressed the Kiswahili idioms huzuni (roughly translated as sadness or grief) and dhiki (stress or agony) and English terms stress and depression. (nih.gov)
Context1
- The objective of this study is to present and discuss some ethical-methodological aspects that permeate research in religious communities, especially in the Brazilian context, based on ethnopsychology. (bvsalud.org)
Topics1
- His studies cover topics such as hypnotherapy, trance and culture, ethnopsychology, spirituality, body, chronic pain, semiotics and iconicity, and seek to develop complex theoretical references for the understanding of hypnosis. (lyceum.institute)