Estrus
Estrus Synchronization
Insemination, Artificial
Progesterone
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Cattle
Pregnancy
Melengestrol Acetate
Progesterone Congeners
Estrous Cycle
Diestrus
Synchronization of estrus in beef cattle with norgestomet and estradiol valerate. (1/51)
Fifty-six cows received a norgestomet implant and an injection of norgestomet and estradiol valerate; half (n = 28) received 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) at implant removal, 9 d later. A third group (n = 25) received 2 doses of cloprostenol (500 micrograms) 11 d apart. Estrous rate was higher (P < 0.05) for cows given norgestomet and estradiol plus 500 IU eCG (75.0%) than for those receiving cloprostenol (44.0%); for those receiving norgestomet and estradiol alone, it was intermediate (67.8%). Pregnancy rates to artificial insemination (after estrus or timed) were higher (P < 0.05) for cows given norgestomet and estradiol than for those given cloprostenol (23 of 28, 82.1% vs 13 of 25, 52.0%), and intermediate (67.8%) for those given norgestomet and estradiol plus eCG. In a second experiment, for heifers treated with norgestomet and estradiol plus eCG (n = 15) or with 2 doses of cloprostenol (n = 16), estrous rates were 66.7% vs 56.2% (P > 0.5), ovulation rates were 100.0% vs 81.2% (P = 0.08), intervals from implant removal or cloprostenol treatment to estrus were 48.0 +/- 4.4 hours vs 61.3 +/- 7.0 hours (P = 0.12) and to ovulation were 70.4 +/- 4.4 hours vs 93.2 +/- 7.5 hours (P < 0.01), respectively; pregnancy rates were 41.7 and 35.7%, respectively (P > 0.5). Norgestomet and estradiol were as good as (heifers) or superior to (cows) a 2-dose cloprostenol regimen. In cows given norgestomet and estradiol, injecting eCG at implant removal did not significantly improve estrous or pregnancy rates. (+info)Electronic monitoring of mounting behavior in beef cattle on pasture. (2/51)
An automated heatmount detection system was employed to detect estrus for artificial insemination in 57 beef cows. First service conception rate was 84.2% and the pregnancy rate was 89.5% for a 42-day breeding season. Duration of estrus was 9.6 h, sx = 0.5 h and mounting activity was lowest during the dark part of the day. (+info)The importance of seminal plasma on the fertility of subsequent artificial inseminations in swine. (3/51)
Yorkshire x Landrace sows and gilts were used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effect of uterine inflammation induced by either killed spermatozoa (KS) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the fertility of a subsequent, optimally timed AI. Estrus was detected with a mature boar twice daily. Twelve hours after the first detection of estrus, females received intrauterine infusions of an inflammatory stimulus consisting of a 100-mL dose of extender containing 3x10(9) KS (n = 40), 20 microg of LPS (n = 40; positive control) or extender alone (n = 40; negative control). An insemination was performed 12 to 18 h later with 3x10(9) motile spermatozoa (i.e., fertile AI) suspended in either 100 mL of seminal plasma (SP; n = 60) or extender replenished with of estrogens (5 microg of estradiol-17beta, 4.5 microg of estrone sulfate, and 2 microg of estrone; n= 60). Transcutaneous ultrasound was performed at the time of fertile AI and again 24 h later to detect the presence or absence of preovulatory follicles. A fertile AI performed within 24 h before ovulation was considered optimal. Conception (CR) and farrowing rates (FR) were greater in females that received a fertile AI diluted with SP compared with extender (P<.01), and there was a significant (P<.05) treatment x fertile AI dilution medium interaction for both CR and FR. Females that received a fertile AI 12 h after infusion of extender had similar CR and FR regardless of fertile AI dilution medium. After inducing an inflammatory response with either KS or LPS, CR and FR were higher in females that received a fertile AI diluted with SP compared with fertile AI dilution with extender (P<.05). The effects of treatment and AI dilution media and their interactions were not significant for litter size in females that farrowed. These results show that the fertility of a subsequent AI can be impaired when semen is deposited into an inflamed environment created by an earlier AI, and this impairment was offset by inclusion of SP in the subsequent insemination. (+info)Effects of boar contact and housing conditions on estrus expression in weaned sows. (4/51)
Our objective was to study the effects of housing conditions and the amount of boar contact in a protocol for estrus detection on estrus detection rate, timing of onset of estrus, duration of estrus, and timing of ovulation. After weaning, 130 multiparous sows were assigned to three treatments: HI, in which 52 sows were housed individually in crates and received a high amount of boar contact during estrus detection; HG, in which 52 sows were housed in groups and received a high amount of boar contact; and NI, in which 26 sows were housed individually in crates and received a normal amount of boar contact. Estrus detection was performed every 8 h. For each treatment, the standing response to three levels of stimuli was recorded: a back pressure test (BPT) by a man (man-estrus), presence of a teaser boar (spontaneous-estrus), and BPT in the presence of a teaser boar (boar-estrus). In addition, for HI and HG, the standing response to a fourth level of stimuli was recorded: BPT in a detection-mating area, surrounded by four boar pens (DMA-estrus). To detect ovulation, ultrasonography was performed every 4 h during estrus. Of 117 sows that ovulated, 46% showed man-estrus, 56% spontaneous-estrus, 90% boar-estrus, and 97% DMA-estrus. Mean onset of man-estrus was 107 h (SD 26) after weaning, of spontaneous-estrus was 106 h (SD 22) after weaning, of boar-estrus was 99 h (SD 21) after weaning, and of DMA-estrus was 93 h (SD 22) after weaning. Duration of man-estrus was 22 h (SD 14), of spontaneous-estrus was 29 h (SD 16), of boar-estrus was 42 h (SD 20), and of DMA-estrus was 55 h (SD 18). The high amount of boar contact reduced the number of sows showing man-estrus (P < .05; 41% for HG and HI vs 68% for NI) and reduced duration of boar-estrus (P < .05; 43 h for HG and HI vs 52 h for NI). Duration of DMA-estrus for HG and HI was similar to duration of boar-estrus for NI. Onset of estrus and timing of ovulation were not affected by amount of boar contact. Group housing did not affect detection rate and duration of estrus, but it did postpone average onset of estrus by 10 h, paralleled by a postponement of ovulation. In conclusion, estrus expression is similar at the highest level of stimuli in different protocols for estrus detection. Including higher levels of stimuli in a protocol reduces estrus expression at lower levels of stimuli. This reduction indicates adaptation of sows to a given protocol for estrus detection. Group housing can delay ovulation and related behavioral estrus. (+info)The effect of time of artificial insemination on fertilization status and embryo quality in superovulated cows. (5/51)
Thirty nonlactating Holstein cows were superovulated to determine the effect of artificial insemination time on fertilization status and embryo quality. During the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, cows were administered 38 mg FSH-P in a 4-d descending dose regimen. Luteolysis was induced with two injections of prostaglandin on the last day of FSH-P treatment. All cows were continuously monitored for behavioral estrus using the HeatWatch estrus detection system. All cows were inseminated once with one .5-mL straw (50 x 10(6) sperm) at either 0 (n = 10), 12 (n = 10), or 24 h (n = 10) after the first standing event. The elapsed time (mean +/- SD) from the first prostaglandin dose to the first standing event was 39.4 h +/- 7.7 h. The (mean +/- SD) duration of behavioral estrus was 13.2 h +/- 4.1 h. The (mean +/- SD) number of standing events was 27 +/- 17. Five hundred twenty-nine embryos and ova were recovered nonsurgically 6 d after insemination. Fertilization rates were 29 (0 h), 60 (12 h), and 81% (24 h) (P < .01). Percentages of excellent and good, fair and poor, and degenerate embryos were not different (P > .05). Percentages of embryos with accessory sperm were 5 (0 h), 8 (12 h), and 41 (24 h) and differed between the 0 and 24 h and the 12 and 24 h inseminations (P < .01). Artificial insemination of superovulated, nonlactating Holstein cattle 24 h after onset of estrus increased fertilization rate and percentage of embryos with accessory sperm compared with insemination at 0 or 12 h after onset of estrus. Embryo quality was not affected by time of insemination. (+info)Effects of postweaning dietary energy source on reproductive traits in primiparous sows. (6/51)
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of major dietary energy source fed from weaning to ovulation or from ovulation to d 35 of pregnancy on reproductive traits in primiparous sows. Dietary energy sources were used to manipulate the plasma insulin concentration. One hundred thirteen sows were used in a split-plot design. From weaning to ovulation sows were fed at two times maintenance either a diet with tallow (Fat) or maize starch plus dextrose (Starch) as the major energy source. From ovulation onward, sows within each dietary group were alternately reassigned to either the Fat or the Starch diet and were fed at 1.25 times maintenance. Estrus detection was performed three times a day from d 3 to 9 after weaning and sows were inseminated each day of standing estrus. On d 35 of pregnancy, the sows were slaughtered and their reproductive tracts were removed. Plasma insulin concentration was higher in sows fed the Starch-rich diet than in sows fed the Fat-rich diet on d 4 after weaning (1.30 vs 0.97 ng/mL, P = 0.08) and on d 32 of pregnancy (1.20 vs 0.51 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Plasma glucose and IGF-I concentration on d 4 after weaning and d 32 of pregnancy did not differ between sows on the two dietary energy sources. The percentage of sows exhibiting estrus within 9 d after weaning was 52 and 67% for the Fat and Starch diet before ovulation, respectively (P = 0.11), whereas the weaning-to-estrus interval was 134 vs 123 h, respectively (P = 0.12). Survival analysis showed that sows fed the Fat-rich diet had a 1.6 times higher risk to remain anestrous until d 9 after weaning than sows fed the Starch-rich diet (P = 0.04). No effect of dietary energy source, either before or after ovulation, on uterine, placental, or embryonal development on d 35 of pregnancy was found. It can be concluded that the dietary energy source provided after weaning can affect the risk of sows to remain anestrous but does not affect uterine, placental, or embryonic traits. (+info)Administration of p.g. 600 to sows at weaning and the time of ovulation as determined by transrectal ultrasound. (7/51)
This study determined whether the interval from estrus to ovulation was altered by giving P.G. 600 to sows at weaning. Mixed-parity sows received P.G. 600 i.m. (n = 72) or no treatment (n = 65) at weaning (d 0). Beginning on d 0, sows were observed for estrus twice daily. At the onset of estrus and thereafter, ultrasound was performed twice daily to determine the average size of the largest follicles and time of ovulation. Weaning age (20.1+/-0.4 d) did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. More P.G. 600 sows expressed estrus within 8 d (P < 0.01) than controls (94.4% vs 78.4%, respectively). Parity was associated with expression of estrus (P < 0.02), with 78% of first-parity and 93% of later-parity sows exhibiting estrus. However, no treatment x parity effect was observed (P > 0.10). The interval from weaning to estrus was reduced (P < 0.0001) by P.G. 600 compared with controls (3.8+/-0.1 d vs 4.9+/-0.1 d). Follicle size at estrus was not affected by treatment (P > 0.10). The percentage of sows that ovulated did not differ (P > 0.10) for P.G. 600 and control sows (90.3% vs 81.5%, respectively). Time of ovulation after estrus was not affected by treatment and averaged 44.8 h. However, univariate analysis indicated that the interval from weaning to estrus influenced the interval from estrus to ovulation (r = 0.43, P < 0.0001). Further, multivariate analysis showed an effect of treatment on the intervals from weaning to estrus, weaning to ovulation (P < 0.0001), and estrus to ovulation (P < 0.04). Within 4 d after weaning, 81% of the P.G. 600 sows had expressed estrus compared with 33% of controls. However, this trend reversed for ovulation, with only 35% of P.G. 600 sows ovulating by 36 h after estrus compared with 40% of controls. The estrus-to-ovulation interval was also longer for control and P.G. 600 sows expressing estrus < or = 3 d of weaning (45 h and 58 h, respectively) than for sows expressing estrus after 5 d (39 h and 32 h, respectively). Farrowing rate and litter size were not influenced by treatment. However, the interval from last insemination to ovulation (P < 0.02) indicated that more sows farrowed (80%) when the last insemination occurred at < or = 23 to > or = 0 h before ovulation compared with insemination > or = 24 h before ovulation (55%). In summary, P.G. 600 enhanced the expression of estrus and ovulation in weaned sows but, breeding protocols may need to be optimized for time of ovulation based on the interval from weaning to estrus. (+info)Hormonal characterization of the reproductive cycle and pregnancy in the female Mohor gazelle (Gazella dama mhorr). (8/51)
The oestrous cycles of seven captive Mohor Gazelles (Gazella dama mhorr) were investigated. Hormone profiles obtained from faecal samples collected each day from cyclic females indicated that the mean duration of the oestrous cycle was 18.62 +/- 0.26 days (range 16-22 days; n = 37 oestrous cycles). No inter-individual differences in the concentration of faecal progestagen metabolites excreted were observed, but mean faecal oestrogen excretion during both the luteal and inter-luteal phases of the oestrous cycle varied among females (P < 0.001 and P = 0.070, respectively). Oestrous cycles were synchronized using controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices, before natural mating with an intact male. Concentrations of faecal progestagen metabolites remained approximately constant for the first 10 weeks of gestation (mean +/- SEM = 4048 +/- 407 ng g(-1) faeces), before increasing to a mean of 23 556 +/- 1176 ng g(-1) faeces. Two of seven female gazelles conceived immediately after removal of the CIDR device, a similar proportion to that conceived at the postpartum oestrus under natural conditions. Life history data for these individuals indicated that the mean time to conception in female gazelles is positively correlated with peak values in the ratio of excreted oestrogen : progestagen during the inter-luteal period of their oestrous cycles (R(2) = 0.58; P < 0.05). This finding indicates that interactions between steroid production and metabolism may influence the likelihood of conception occurring in this species. (+info)Estrus detection is the process of identifying the optimal time for breeding in female animals, specifically during their estrous cycle, through various physical and behavioral signs, including vulvar swelling, vaginal discharge, and receptive behaviors, to increase the chances of successful conception.
Estrus detection in veterinary medicine refers to the process of identifying when a female animal is in heat or estrus, which is the period of time when she is fertile and receptive to mating. This is an important aspect of managing breeding programs for livestock and other animals.
Detection of estrus can be done through various methods, including:
1. Observing behavioral changes: Female animals in heat may show signs of increased interest in males, becoming more vocal or restless, and may adopt a mating stance.
2. Physical examination: A veterinarian may perform a physical exam to check for signs of estrus, such as swelling or reddening of the vulva.
3. Hormonal assays: Blood or vaginal fluid samples can be tested for hormone levels, such as estradiol and progesterone, to determine if an animal is in heat.
4. Use of teaser animals: Intact males can be used to stimulate a response in females, indicating that they are in estrus.
Accurate detection of estrus is critical for successful breeding and management of animal reproduction.
'Estrus' is a term in reproductive physiology referring to the recurring period of sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals, characterized by behavioral and physical changes, during which they are likely to conceive upon mating with a male.
Estrus is a term used in veterinary medicine to describe the physiological and behavioral state of female mammals that are ready to mate and conceive. It refers to the period of time when the female's reproductive system is most receptive to fertilization.
During estrus, the female's ovaries release one or more mature eggs (ovulation) into the fallopian tubes, where they can be fertilized by sperm from a male. This phase of the estrous cycle is often accompanied by changes in behavior and physical appearance, such as increased vocalization, restlessness, and swelling of the genital area.
The duration and frequency of estrus vary widely among different species of mammals. In some animals, such as dogs and cats, estrus occurs regularly at intervals of several weeks or months, while in others, such as cows and mares, it may only occur once or twice a year.
It's important to note that the term "estrus" is not used to describe human reproductive physiology. In humans, the equivalent phase of the menstrual cycle is called ovulation.
Estrus synchronization is a veterinary medical procedure that involves the administration of hormonal treatments to coordinate the estrous cycles of domestic animals, typically cattle, so as to enable timed artificial insemination or mating.
Estrus synchronization is a veterinary medical procedure used in the management of domestic animals, such as cattle and sheep. It is a process of coordinating the estrous cycles of animals so that they can be bred at the same time or have their fertility treatments performed simultaneously. This is achieved through the use of various hormonal therapies, including progestins, prostaglandins, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH).
The goal of estrus synchronization is to improve reproductive efficiency in animal production systems by ensuring that a larger number of animals become pregnant during a shorter breeding season. This can lead to more uniform calf or lamb crops, reduced labor and management costs, and increased profitability for farmers and ranchers.
Estrus synchronization is a complex process that requires careful planning and implementation, as well as ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the animals' reproductive performance. It is typically performed under the guidance of a veterinarian or animal reproduction specialist.
Artificial Insemination is a medical procedure that involves the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterus for the purpose of achieving pregnancy, typically through the use of syringes or specially designed catheters, and often employing processed sperm from a donor or partner.
Artificial insemination (AI) is a medical procedure that involves the introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterus for the purpose of achieving pregnancy. This procedure can be performed using sperm from a partner or a donor. It is often used when there are issues with male fertility, such as low sperm count or poor sperm motility, or in cases where natural conception is not possible due to various medical reasons.
There are two types of artificial insemination: intracervical insemination (ICI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). ICI involves placing the sperm directly into the cervix, while IUI involves placing the sperm directly into the uterus using a catheter. The choice of procedure depends on various factors, including the cause of infertility and the preferences of the individuals involved.
Artificial insemination is a relatively simple and low-risk procedure that can be performed in a doctor's office or clinic. It may be combined with fertility drugs to increase the chances of pregnancy. The success rate of artificial insemination varies depending on several factors, including the age and fertility of the individuals involved, the cause of infertility, and the type of procedure used.
Progesterone is a steroid hormone secreted primarily by the ovaries, placenta and adrenal glands, playing crucial roles in the menstrual cycle, embryo implantation, pregnancy maintenance and development of secondary sexual characteristics in females.
Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is primarily produced in the ovaries during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy. It plays an essential role in preparing the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. Progesterone works to thicken the lining of the uterus, creating a nurturing environment for the developing embryo.
During the menstrual cycle, progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum, a temporary structure formed in the ovary after an egg has been released from a follicle during ovulation. If pregnancy does not occur, the levels of progesterone will decrease, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining and menstruation.
In addition to its reproductive functions, progesterone also has various other effects on the body, such as helping to regulate the immune system, supporting bone health, and potentially influencing mood and cognition. Progesterone can be administered medically in the form of oral pills, intramuscular injections, or vaginal suppositories for various purposes, including hormone replacement therapy, contraception, and managing certain gynecological conditions.
'Cattle' is not a term used in medical definitions; it is a domesticated bovine animal (Bos taurus or Bos indicus) primarily raised for meat, dairy, and hides, but it may appear in medical contexts related to zoonotic diseases, food safety, or allergies concerning this species.
"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.
'Pregnancy' is a physiological state characterized by the implantation and maintenance of a fertilized egg within the uterus, leading to the development and growth of a fetus until birth.
Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.
Melengestrol Acetate is a synthetic progestin, a derivative of nortestosterone, used primarily in veterinary medicine as a growth promoter and for reproductive regulation in animals.
Melengestrol Acetate (MGA) is a synthetic progestin, which is a type of steroid hormone. It is used primarily as a growth promoter in the livestock industry to increase weight gain and feed efficiency in beef cattle. MGA works by suppressing the animal's natural hormonal balance, particularly the levels of estrogen and testosterone, which leads to changes in metabolism and behavior that promote weight gain.
It is not approved for use in humans in many countries, including the United States, due to concerns about potential health risks associated with its long-term use, such as reproductive and developmental effects. However, it has been used off-label in some cases to treat certain medical conditions in women, such as endometriosis or abnormal uterine bleeding, under the close supervision of a healthcare provider.
'Ovulation' is the process in the human menstrual cycle during which a mature ovarian follicle ruptures and releases an egg (ovum) to potentially be fertilized by sperm.
Ovulation is the medical term for the release of a mature egg from an ovary during a woman's menstrual cycle. The released egg travels through the fallopian tube where it may be fertilized by sperm if sexual intercourse has occurred recently. If the egg is not fertilized, it will break down and leave the body along with the uterine lining during menstruation. Ovulation typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle, but the timing can vary widely from woman to woman and even from cycle to cycle in the same woman.
During ovulation, there are several physical changes that may occur in a woman's body, such as an increase in basal body temperature, changes in cervical mucus, and mild cramping or discomfort on one side of the lower abdomen (known as mittelschmerz). These symptoms can be used to help predict ovulation and improve the chances of conception.
It's worth noting that some medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or premature ovarian failure, may affect ovulation and make it difficult for a woman to become pregnant. In these cases, medical intervention may be necessary to help promote ovulation and increase the chances of conception.
Progesterone congeners refer to synthetic or naturally occurring compounds that have a similar structure and/or biological activity to progesterone, including its derivatives and metabolites, and can function as agonists, antagonists, or modulators of the progesterone receptor.
Progesterone congeners refer to synthetic or naturally occurring compounds that are structurally similar to progesterone, a steroid hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. These compounds have similar chemical structures to progesterone and may exhibit similar physiological activities, although they can also have unique properties and uses. Examples of progesterone congeners include various synthetic progestins used in hormonal contraceptives and other medical treatments.
The estrous cycle is a series of cyclic reproductive changes that occur in the ovaries, uterus, and associated hormonal systems of many non-primate mammalian females, characterized by regularly recurring stages of sexual receptivity (estrus), ovulation, and preparation of the uterus for potential pregnancy.
The estrous cycle is the reproductive cycle in certain mammals, characterized by regular changes in the reproductive tract and behavior, which are regulated by hormonal fluctuations. It is most commonly observed in non-primate mammals such as dogs, cats, cows, pigs, and horses.
The estrous cycle consists of several stages:
1. Proestrus: This stage lasts for a few days and is characterized by the development of follicles in the ovaries and an increase in estrogen levels. During this time, the female may show signs of sexual receptivity, but will not allow mating to occur.
2. Estrus: This is the period of sexual receptivity, during which the female allows mating to take place. It typically lasts for a few days and is marked by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which triggers ovulation.
3. Metestrus: This stage follows ovulation and is characterized by the formation of a corpus luteum, a structure that produces progesterone to support pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will eventually regress, leading to the next phase.
4. Diestrus: This is the final stage of the estrous cycle and can last for several weeks or months. During this time, the female's reproductive tract returns to its resting state, and she is not sexually receptive. If pregnancy has occurred, the corpus luteum will continue to produce progesterone until the placenta takes over this function later in pregnancy.
It's important to note that the human menstrual cycle is different from the estrous cycle. While both cycles involve hormonal fluctuations and changes in the reproductive tract, the menstrual cycle includes a shedding of the uterine lining (menstruation) if fertilization does not occur, which is not a feature of the estrous cycle.
"Diestrus is the second phase of the reproductive cycle in some animals, following estrus, during which time the female's body prepares for potential fertilization and pregnancy, characterized by decreased sexual receptivity and hormonal shifts."
Diestrus is a stage in the estrous cycle of animals, which is similar to the menstrual cycle in humans. It follows the phase of estrus (or heat), during which the animal is receptive to mating. Diestrus is the period of relative sexual quiescence and hormonal stability between cycles. In this phase, the corpus luteum in the ovary produces progesterone, preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will degenerate, leading to a drop in progesterone levels and the onset of the next estrous cycle. The duration of diestrus varies among species.
In humans, this phase is analogous to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, since humans do not exhibit estrous behavior, the term 'diestrus' is typically not used in human reproductive physiology discussions.
Dinoprost is a synthetic prostaglandin analog used in veterinary medicine for the induction of parturition or abortion, as well as to treat uterine and mammary gland disorders in various animals.
Dinoprost is a synthetic form of prostaglandin F2α, which is a naturally occurring hormone-like substance in the body. It is used in veterinary medicine as a uterotonic agent to induce labor and abortion in various animals such as cows and pigs. In human medicine, it may be used off-label for similar purposes, but its use must be under the close supervision of a healthcare provider due to potential side effects and risks.
It is important to note that Dinoprost is not approved by the FDA for use in humans, and its availability may vary depending on the country or region. Always consult with a licensed healthcare professional before using any medication, including Dinoprost.
Dairy cattle
"Estrus Synchronization of Dairy Cattle" (PDF). Retrieved 28 March 2018. "Heat Detection and Timing of Insemination for Cattle ... Estrus is often called standing heat in cattle and refers to the time in their cycle where the female is receptive towards the ... Artificial insemination uses estrus synchronization to indicate when the cow is going through ovulation and is susceptible to ... Estrus behaviour can be detected by an experienced stockman. These behaviours can include standing to be mounted, mounting ...
Dairy farming
Detection of estrus, becomes reliant on observation in the absence of bulls. It takes considerable expertise to properly ... Most importantly, during estrus she will stand still when mounted by another cow or bull. In the United States, artificial ... This short phase lasting only about a day is also known as estrus or colloquially, heat. The cow will often exhibit several ...
Blackbuck
Archunan, G. & Rajagopal, T. (2013). "Detection of estrus in Indian blackbuck: Behavioural, hormonal and urinary volatiles ... "Hormonal and behavioural detection of oestrus in blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra, and successful artificial insemination with ...
Pheromone
... s are used in the detection of oestrus in sows. Boar pheromones are sprayed into the sty, and those sows that exhibit ... An active role for the human VNO in the detection of pheromones is disputed; while it is clearly present in the fetus it ... Orthologous receptors exist in humans providing, the authors propose, evidence for a mechanism of human pheromone detection. ... these TAARs putatively function as a class of pheromone receptors involved in the olfactive detection of social cues. A review ...
Birth
This is an adaption to keep the den clean and prevent its detection by predators. An infant marsupial is born in a very ... The gestation period is usually shorter than the intervals between oestrus periods. The first sign that a birth is imminent is ...
Estrous cycle
Buffalo are known for difficult estrus detection. This is one major reason for being less productive than cattle. During four ... Variant terms for proestrus include pro-oestrus, proestrum, and pro-oestrum. Estrus or oestrus refers to the phase when the ... "Synchronizing Estrus in Cattle - How does estrus synchronization work?". Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. Retrieved 2021- ... Estrus is derived via Latin oestrus ('frenzy', 'gadfly'), from Greek οἶστρος oîstros (literally 'gadfly', more figuratively ' ...
Controlled internal drug release
... synchronization protocols helps improve reproductive performance by reducing the inefficiency associated with estrus detection ... A dose of 550 mg of progesterone has been found to be effective in controlling estrus and ovulation in sheep. CIDRs may be used ... These estrus synchronization protocols allow Fixed Time Artificial Insemination to be used, giving herd managers more accurate ... Controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices are used in livestock for the synchronization of estrus. They are T-shaped ...
Pygmy slow loris
"Non-invasive detection and monitoring of estrus, pregnancy and the postpartum period in pygmy loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) using ... and a whistling sound produced during estrus. The female is mildly aggressive to her suitors during estrus, and will often ... coinciding with female estrus. Other vocalizations recorded during estrus include chittering and growling. The testosterone ...
Sexual intercourse
For most non-human mammals, mating and copulation occur at the point of estrus (the most fertile period of time in the female's ... Sex pheromones facilitate copulatory reflexes in various organisms, but, in humans, the detection of pheromones is impaired and ... Non-primate females copulate only when in estrus, but sexual intercourse is possible at any time of the menstrual cycle for ... Bonobos, chimpanzees and dolphins are species known to engage in heterosexual behaviors even when the female is not in estrus, ...
Victor E. Cabrera
... the reproductive and economic impact of reproductive programs combining timed artificial insemination and estrus detection". ... programs combining timed artificial insemination and different levels of artificial insemination after estrus detection. ...
Zerdava
Like other laika, it is more common for the females to go into estrus only once a year. The population in Georgia is critically ... Turkish Armed Force has training Zerdava for a variety of military uses including bomb and narcotic detection, search and ...
Central American squirrel monkey
Predator detection by males becomes particularly important during the period when the infants are born. Raptors spend ... All females come into estrus at virtually the same time. A month or two before the breeding season begins, males become larger ... Therefore, associating with capuchins would provide less predator detection benefits and impose higher foraging costs on the ...
List of MeSH codes (E05)
... estrus detection MeSH E05.820.150.370 - estrus synchronization MeSH E05.820.150.390 - hybridization, genetic MeSH E05.820. ...
Uterine serpin
June 2005). "Gene expression profiling of bovine endometrium during the oestrous cycle: detection of molecular pathways ... October 2009). "Evidence for estrogen-dependent uterine serpin (SERPINA14) expression during estrus in the bovine endometrial ...
Estrous synchronization
The term "estrus" refers to the phase of the estrous cycle in which a sexually mature, non-pregnant female is receptive to ... without the detection of heat have been developed. These include the "Synch" protocols that involve the application of GnRH and ... This is a more exact but time consuming way to manipulate the cycle of multiple cows to sync up the timing of A.I. Estrus ... Oestrus synchronisation has proven to have many advantages in the dairy and beef industries. The application of estrous ...
List of infectious sheep and goat diseases
ISBN 0-7216-9052-1. Kirvar, E; Ilhan, T; Katzer, F; Wilkie, G; Hooshmand-Rad, P; Brown, D (29 June 1998). "Detection of ... mosquitoes Aedes species Anopheles species Culex species myiasis fly strike Chrysomya species Lucilia species Oestrus ovis ( ...
Georgios Papanikolaou
In 1978, Papanikolaou's work was honored by the U.S. Postal Service with a 13-cent stamp for early cancer detection. Between ... the histologic cyclic changes that occur in the reproductive tract during the estrus cycle also occur in the vaginal mucosa and ... Koss, Leopold G. (1989). "The Papanicolaou Test for Cervical Cancer Detection: A Triumph and a Tragedy". Journal of the ... Gardner, Kirsten E. (2006). Early Detection: Women, Cancer, and Awareness Campaigns in the Twentieth-Century United States. ...
Lemur
Pheromones may coordinate reproductive timing for females coming into estrus. Mating can be either monogamous or promiscuous ... Nakajima, Y.; Shantha, T. R.; Bourne, G. H. (1969). "Histochemical detection of l-gulonolactone: phenazine methosulfate ... and the female vagina opens up only during a few hours or days of her most receptive time of estrus. These narrow windows for ... since they rely so heavily on their sense of smell and pheromone detection. The fovea on the retina, which yields higher visual ...
Q fever
Serology allows the detection of chronic infection by the appearance of high levels of the antibody against the virulent form ... silent oestrus, metritis, and decreases in milk yield when C. burnetii is the major cause of these problems. Treatment of acute ... Pascucci I, Di Domenico M, Dall'Acqua F, Sozio G, Cammà C (July 2015). "Detection of Lyme Disease and Q Fever Agents in Wild ... Molecular detection of bacterial DNA is increasingly used. Contrary to most obligate intracellular parasites, Coxiella burnetii ...
Mongolian gerbil
They experience oestrus cycles every 4-6 days. Mongolian gerbils are regarded as monogamous within science. Even with this said ... Gerbils have a wide hearing range, from detection of low frequency foot drumming to higher frequency chirps and therefore may ... Only the dominant females will produce pups, and will mostly mate with the dominant male while in estrus (heat), female gerbils ...
Cattle
doi:10.1016/0168-1591(86)90058-4. "Signs of Heat (Heat Detection and Timing of Insemination for Cattle)". Heat Detection and ... Mounting is a playful behavior shown by calves of both sexes and by bulls and sometimes by cows in estrus, however, this is not ... Cattle are a prey animal and to assist predator detection, their eyes are located on the sides of their head rather than the ... Bell, F.R.; Sly, J. (1983). "The olfactory detection of sodium and lithium salts by sodium deficient cattle". Physiology and ...
Aplastic anemia
Forés, R.; Alcocer, M.; Cabrera, R.; Sanjuán, I.; Briz, M.; Lago, C.; Fernández, M. N. (June 1999). "[Detection of PNH clones ... Kociba, G. J.; Caputo, C. A. (1981-06-15). "Aplastic anemia associated with estrus in pet ferrets". Journal of the American ... No screening test currently exists for early detection of aplastic anemia. Marie Curie Eleanor Roosevelt Donny Schmit Ted ... significantly increased the likelihood of detection of possible stem cell autoantigens. ELISA and Western blot analysis ...
Primate
Adult males may kill dependent offspring that are not theirs so the female will return to estrus and thus they can sire ... or improves detection against low-frequency background noise. Male howler monkeys are among the loudest land mammals as their ... these ultrasonic vocalizations might represent a private channel of communication that subverts detection by predators, prey ...
Major urinary proteins
While the detection of Mups excreted by other animals has been well studied, the functional role in the producing animal is ... Mup proteins have been shown to promote puberty and accelerate the estrus cycle in female mice, inducing the Vandenbergh and ... The pheromone receptors responsible for Mup detection are also unknown, though they are thought be members of the V2R receptor ... Mups can also function as signals between different species: mice display an instinctive fear response on the detection of Mups ...
Campylobacter fetus
C. fetus may evade complete detection and eradication by the immune system as chronic and relapse cases have been noted. The ... Cows with BVC display irregular estrus cycles, signs of heat when presumed to be pregnant, and increased returns to service, ... Infected cows may return to estrus up to five times before pregnancy can be maintained. Infections and pregnancy loss in ... De Boer, E. (2007). "Detection and enumeration of pathogens in meat, poultry and egg products". Microbiological Analysis of Red ...
Panamanian white-faced capuchin
Because infants inhibit their mothers from ovulating by nursing frequently, males are able to bring females into estrus earlier ... reducing the predator detection benefits that the Central American squirrel monkey receives from associating with the ... the fact that similar associations would impose higher foraging costs and impart fewer predator detection benefits to the ...
Wild boar
However, estrus usually first occurs after two years in sows, while males begin participating in the rut after 4-5 years, as ... Its sense of smell is very well developed to the point that the animal is used for drug detection in Germany. Its hearing is ...
African bush elephant
They are in estrus for 2-6 days. In captivity, cows have an oestrous cycle lasting 14-15 weeks. Foetal gonads enlarge during ... In addition to elephants being poached, their carcasses may be poisoned by the poachers to avoid detection by vultures, which ... They guard and mate with females in estrus, who stay closer to bulls in musth than to non-musth bulls. Urinary testosterone ... Musth occurs mainly during and following the rainy season when females are in estrus. Bulls in musth often chase each other and ...
Ungulate protoparvovirus 1
Dams may return to estrus, fail to farrow despite being anestrus, farrow few pigs per litter, or farrow a large proportion of ... Tests The HI test is frequently used for detection and quantitation of humoral antibody for PPV. Antibody sometimes can be ... The SN test is occasionally used for detection and quantitation of humoral antibody for PPV. Neutralization of infectivity is ...
Combined oral contraceptive pill
"Prevention and Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer: Mission Impossible?". Cancer Prevention. pp. 91-100. doi:10.1007/978-3-540- ... economic evidence for human estrus?" (PDF). Evolution and Human Behavior. 28 (6): 375-381. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.154.8176. doi: ...
Hoover-Drickamer effect
Female mice have been demonstrated to show sexual receptivity behaviour, including lordosis behavior when in estrus. Estrus ... Dulac, Catherine; Torello, A. Thomas (2003-07-01). "Sensory systems: Molecular detection of pheromone signals in mammals: from ... more complete oestrus cycles and a longer total duration of oestrus cycles relative to the subjects in the control group and ... As estrus increases the likelihood of sexually receptive behaviour in females, such that overall reproductive success is more ...
Dairy cattle - Wikipedia
"Estrus Synchronization of Dairy Cattle" (PDF). Retrieved 28 March 2018. "Heat Detection and Timing of Insemination for Cattle ... Estrus is often called standing heat in cattle and refers to the time in their cycle where the female is receptive towards the ... Artificial insemination uses estrus synchronization to indicate when the cow is going through ovulation and is susceptible to ... Estrus behaviour can be detected by an experienced stockman. These behaviours can include standing to be mounted, mounting ...
Artificial Insemination in Swine: Breeding the Female | MU Extension
... gilts be inseminated 12 hours after detection of estrus and sows be inseminated 24 hours after detection of estrus. With once- ... Detecting estrus. The importance of estrous detection in an AI system cannot be overemphasized. It is absolutely vital to the ... A female in estrus may seek out the boar and will stand to be mounted. Once a female is detected as being in estrus, she should ... In gilts, estrus may last only a day or two, while a sow may be in estrus for three days. Although ovulation (release of the ...
SciELO - Brazil - Correlation between estrus onset and ovarian parameters in dairy goats Correlation between estrus onset and...
... estrus detection was performed twice daily over 120 min (30 min per pen) for three days. According to the estrus onset recorded ... Estrus response (%). 100.0 (8/8). 100.0 (10/10). 100.0 (5/5). -. Interval from device insertion to estrus onset (h). 94.1 ± 5.7 ... Upon estrus onset (EO) detection, the goats were immediately removed from the pens. Dominance was scored according to EO in ... The estrus response was 100.0%. The interval to estrus was longer (P,0.05) in LD (53.7 ± 6.5 h) than in MD (37.9 ± 5.5 h) and ...
Registration Dossier - ECHA
Detection rate of oestrus (whole group) = [average number of insemination/((average actual days of non-pregnant/21)+1] x100 ... Further, the feeding of Technical grade was able to achieve a conception rate exceeding 50-60% and an oestrus detection rate ... Further, the feeding of Technical grade was able to achieve a conception rate exceeding 50-60% and an oestrus detection rate ... the reproductivity in each individual cow and to further significantly improve the reproductivity in the oestrus detection rate ...
July/August 2018 | Page 7 | Mississippi State University Extension Service
January 2006 | Page 7 | Mississippi State University Extension Service
New Technologies on Show at Dairy Showcase | The Cattle Site
estrus detection. *nutrition monitoring. *disease detection. *sleep monitoring. *behavior monitoring and cow comfort ... followed by a producer panel focused on heat detection technology adoption.. At 3:30 p.m. participants will tour the UK ... footbath delivery solutions and synchronization versus automatic heat detection, ...
Winrock International » An Animal Breeder's Dream
Women goat farmers in the communities surrounding the buck centers could be given a refresher course in estrus detection, ... The women monitor signs of estrus in their does and take them to the buck centers for mating. This trip to the buck center can ... The women are already well versed in the signs of estrus. This simplified artificial insemination system delivered to the women ...
John L. P. Thompson - Google Scholar
Evaluation of the 7 and 7 synch protocol for control of the estrous cycle among beef cows prior to fixed-time artificial...
Estrus detection aids (EstrotectTM) were applied to all cows on Day 14, and activation status was recorded at fixed-time ... Estrus detection aids were applied to all cows. Cows received FTAI 66 h after CIDR removal with conventional (20 x 106 cells ... Estrus expression was affected by protocol (P = 0.01) by protocol x DPP (P = 0.0004), with 7 and 7 Synch (82 percent; 629/769) ... All cows that expressed estrus prior to FTAI received sex-sorted semen (4 x 106 cells per unit; SexedULTRA 4MTM). The ...
Search Results | AVMA
RESULTS Data were available for 45 estrus cycles of the 13 mares. Number of days to ovulation from initial detection of a ... Number of days to ovulation from initial detection of a follicle ≥ 30 mm in diameter, uterine edema score, and pregnancy were ... Flunixin meglumine did not significantly affect behavioral signs of estrus, uterine edema, or serum progesterone concentrations ... and behavioral signs of estrus. Mares then were bred by artificial insemination. ...
Robert O. Gilbert<...
RESULTS Data were available for 45 estrus cycles of the 13 mares. Number of days to ovulation from initial detection of a ... Age at detection of femoral capital ossification, distraction index (DI), hip joint dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) score, and ... Number of days to ovulation from initial detection of a follicle ≥ 30 mm in diameter, uterine edema score, and pregnancy were ... A statistical model was designed to test the effects of Labrador Retriever and Greyhound alleles on age at detection of femoral ...
Elisa Fromont - Google Scholar
Towards sustainable dairy management-a machine learning enhanced method for estrus detection. K Fauvel, V Masson, E Fromont, P ... Multispectral fusion for object detection with cyclic fuse-and-refine blocks. H Zhang, E Fromont, S Lefevre, B Avignon ... Guided attentive feature fusion for multispectral pedestrian detection. H Zhang, E Fromont, S Lef vre, B Avignon ...
College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources // Trista Strauch-Safranski
Heat Detection and Timing of Artificial Insemination
The most limiting factor in AI programs is the proper detection in estrus or standing heat. ... The most limiting factor in AI programs is the proper detection in estrus or standing heat. A sexually mature, non-pregnant ... The most limiting factor in AI programs is the proper detection in estrus or standing heat. ... Heat detection and timing of artificial inseminationHeat detection and timing of artificial insemination ...
Underlying Disorders of Postpartum Anoestrus and Effectiveness of their Treatments in Crossbred Dairy Cows
Assessment of estrus detection by visual observation and electronic detection methods and characterization of factors ... Silent estrus cows were either closely monitored for estrus twice daily for 15 days with AI on observed estrus (Group I); or ... Treatment of silent estrus was revealed estrus and conception; respectively, in 52 and 43% cows carefully monitored of estrus ... Treatment of silent estrus was revealed estrus and conception; respectively, in 52 and 43% cows carefully monitored for estrus ...
Estrotect Patches-Orange (50/pkg) - Bovine Elite
The newly redesigned ESTROTECT™ Breeding Indicator features patented Breeding Bullseye technology that indicates when cows are ready to breed, helps confirm pregnancies and provides pinpoint timing for AI protocols!. The precision-designed Breeding Bullseye™ takes all of the guesswork out of your breeding program. Simply, when the Breeding Bullseye - or the equivalent amount - is rubbed off, its time to breed!. We have available in the following colors:. ...
Dairy Research Bulletin - July 2020 - California Dairy Research Foundation
Can a 12 month old bull breed? - Erasingdavid.com
Hormonal changes associated with oestrus in non-pregnant cows were not observed in the pregnant cows exhibiting oestrus. Seven ... after artificial insemination or natural service is a simple and early method of pregnancy detection. If a cow does not return ... of nine pregnant cows at oestrus stood willingly to be mounted by a bull. It does not normally occur during pregnancy in farm ... to estrus 18 to 20 days after breeding, conception probably has occurred. ...
P.G. 600-5D for Animal Use (Canada) - Drugs.com
TO OBTAIN MAXIMUM BENEFIT FROM THIS PRODUCT, ESTRUS DETECTION AND OTHER ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT MUST ALSO BE ... Sows at weaning: P.G. 600-5D is indicated for induction of estrus in healthy weaned sows experiencing delayed return to estrus. ... Treatment will not induce estrus in sows that are returning to estrus normally three to seven days after weaning. Delayed ... Gilts normally reach puberty (begin experiencing normal estrus cycles and exhibiting regular estrus or heat) at any time ...
January 2014 | Page 7 | Mississippi State University Extension Service
New mobile health diagnostic for breeding helps meet growing demand for food | The Pig Site
... estrus detection is a very labor-intensive and time-consuming procedure, resulting in people checking for heat detection only ... "Improvements in sperm analysis and ovulation detection for animal breeding are two of the most important ways to meet the ... motility and concentration along with saliva ferning for ovulation detection. ...
Hormonal Control of Estrus in Cattle - Management and Nutrition - MSD Veterinary Manual
Learn about the veterinary topic of Hormonal Control of Estrus in Cattle. Find specific details on this topic and related ... or GnRH treatments that can be used with or without estrus detection. A combination of estrus detection and fixed-time AI may ... followed by estrus detection. The fertility of this second estrus is reestablished. ... Two PGF2α injections given 12-14 days apart synchronize estrus and ovulation in most cows. Time to estrus is more variable than ...
Animals | Free Full-Text | Modelling Genetic Benefits and Financial Costs of Integrating Biobanking into the Captive Management...
The Complete Technology Book On Dairy & Poultry Industries With Farming And Processing (2nd Revised Edition) by Niir Board,...
Animal and Herd Productivity in Dairy Cattle - Management and Nutrition - Merck Veterinary Manual
Efforts to improve heat detection using estrus synchronization and artificial detection aids have been largely unsuccessful and ... Because estrus detection rates are so low, some dairy managers have returned to extensive use of natural service sires to ... The most important factor affecting the success of an AI program is the detection of estrus: US data indicate that < 40% of ... Successful AI requires that cows be inseminated during estrus in a narrow range of optimal fertility, and that the semen be ...
EconPapers: The Importance of Network Position in the Diffusion of Agricultural Innovations in Smallholders of Dual-Purpose...
Sirohi Goat: Characteristics, Origin, Uses, Facts
Estrus Detection. Estrus detection is crucial in goat breeding because it helps to determine the best time for mating or ... To ensure accurate detection of estrus, breeders should observe the female goats closely and record their behavior. ... Sirohi goats are seasonal breeders, and their estrus cycle lasts between 18-24 days. Signs of estrus in female goats include ...
AI Breeding Guide
Heat Detection (observing "estrus"). The "best" sign is the mounting of the animal in heat. She stands still for others to ... As the estrus progresses, the cow may try to mount other cows to draw attention. Finally you see her standing to be mounted. ... A beginning sign of estrus onset is the swelling of the vulva and the release of cervical mucus, which is shiny and clear. The ...
Artificial insemination10
- Goats in estrus underwent flexible time artificial insemination (FxTAI) according to EO. (scielo.br)
- Experiment 2 was designed to evaluate later timing of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) with sex-sorted semen among postpartum beef cows following the 7 and 7 Synch protocol, with the hypothesis that later timing would result in increased pregnancy rates (P/AI) among cows that expressed estrus prior to FTAI. (umsystem.edu)
- Estrus detection aids (EstrotectTM) were applied to all cows on Day 14, and activation status was recorded at fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) on Day 17. (umsystem.edu)
- Artificial insemination following observational versus electronic methods of estrus detection in red deer hinds (Cervus elephus). (missouri.edu)
- Cows diagnosed as silent estrus and true anoestrus were allotted to different treatment and Artificial Insemination (AI) protocols. (scialert.net)
- Time to estrus is more variable than with progesterone suppression, so artificial insemination (AI) should be based on detection of estrus. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Topics will include sire selection, basic reproductive anatomy and physiology, estrus synchronization, along with training in artificial insemination technique. (oregonstate.edu)
- This is a three-day course that will cover basic reproductive anatomy and physiology, sire selection, estrus synchronization, as well as training in artificial insemination on live cattle. (oregonstate.edu)
- Learn cattle reproductive anatomy and physiology, heat detection, estrus synchronization, semen handling, gestational nutrition, and sire selection in the classroom and practice artificial insemination with reproductive tracts and live animals. (oregonstate.edu)
- We examined the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment on Day 5 (Day 0 = day of artificial insemination: AI) and intravaginal progesterone device (IVPD) treatment from Day 5 to 19 on the conception and detection rates of return to estrus (re-estrus) in lactating dairy cows. (bvsalud.org)
Synchronization8
- The afternoon sessions will include information about temperature, rumen pH and heart rate monitoring, footbath delivery solutions and synchronization versus automatic heat detection, followed by a producer panel focused on heat detection technology adoption. (thecattlesite.com)
- The suckling effect of the calf has a potential negative effect on estrus synchronization in beef cattle. (msdvetmanual.com)
- A controlled intravaginal drug-release (CIDR) device may also be used for estrus synchronization. (msdvetmanual.com)
- It is labeled for estrus synchronization in beef and dairy cattle. (msdvetmanual.com)
- In addition, P4 suppresses estrus ("heat") and ovulation, making it an important tool for estrous synchronization. (osu.edu)
- Synchronization of estrus is accompanied by administration of a single dose of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) at the time of CIDR removal for inducing estrus and increase prolificacy (lambs/pregnant ewe), primarily during out-of-season breeding. (osu.edu)
- Traditionally, synchronization of estrus in small ruminants involved insertion of CIDRs for prolonged periods (12 to14 days). (osu.edu)
- How many days postpartum will your bows be when estrus synchronization is started? (steakgenomics.org)
Ovulation6
- Although ovulation (release of the egg from the follicle on the ovary) usually occurs 23--48 hours after the onset of estrus, this event is extremely variable. (missouri.edu)
- Number of days to ovulation from initial detection of a follicle ≥ 30 mm was not significantly affected by administration of flunixin meglumine versus the placebo. (avma.org)
- Improvements in sperm analysis and ovulation detection for animal breeding are two of the most important ways to meet the critical need for more edible protein. (thepigsite.com)
- Hart said Fertile-Eyez is a cloud-based mHealth, or mobile health, technology that can provide immediate animal-side testing by rapidly analyzing semen for morphology, motility and concentration along with saliva ferning for ovulation detection. (thepigsite.com)
- Administration of PGF 2α (25 mg, IM) or prostaglandin analogue (cloprostenol at 500 mcg, IM) to cows with a functional corpus luteum starting 5 days after ovulation results in estrus ~2-6 days later. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Two PGF 2α injections given 12-14 days apart synchronize estrus and ovulation in most cows. (msdvetmanual.com)
Semen2
- Seven reproduction technologies oriented to improve reproductive efficiency were evaluated: Breeding soundness evaluation in bulls, semen fertility evaluation, evaluation of female body condition, oestrus detection, pregnancy diagnosis, seasonal or continuous mating, and breeding policy. (repec.org)
- Social Network Analysis (SNA) allowed identifying adoption patterns, as the joint adoption of semen fertility evaluation, estrus detection, and pregnancy diagnosis, which were consider complementary technologies. (repec.org)
Cows9
- Estrus detection aids were applied to all cows. (umsystem.edu)
- 629/769) resulting in a greater proportion of cows expressing estrus (82 percent [629/769] versus 64 percent [492/769]), especially among cows with greater DPP. (umsystem.edu)
- The prevalence of anoestrus was 18.5% (83 out of 448 cows) as reported by the farmers with silent estrus 53.0% (n = 44), true anoestrus 42.2% (n = 35), cystic ovarian disease 2.4% (n = 2) and uterine infections 2.4% (n = 2) as the underlying disorders. (scialert.net)
- respectively, in 52 and 43% cows carefully monitored of estrus signs for AI (Group I, n = 23) and in 73 and 45% prostaglandin treated cows with AI on observed estrus (Group II, n = 11). (scialert.net)
- Control anoestrus cows (Group VII, n = 5) without any treatment did not show estrus. (scialert.net)
- In conclusions, close monitoring of silent estrous cows for estrus and nutritional supplementation for true anoestrus could be effective tools for successful reproduction. (scialert.net)
- Cows should be artificially inseminated between 0 and 20 hours after the second GnRH treatment without estrus detection. (msdvetmanual.com)
- As the estrus progresses, the cow may try to mount other cows to draw attention. (michiganlivestock.com)
- In addition, IVPD treatment can induce higher estrus expression up to 25 days after AI in non-pregnant cows. (bvsalud.org)
Express estrus2
- When removed, a rapid drop in concentration of systemic P4 occurs, thus allowing the animal to express estrus approximately 48 hours after removal. (osu.edu)
- Looking at over 10,000 head, there is a 27% improvement in fertility when animals express estrus. (steakgenomics.org)
Onset5
- It is absolutely vital to the success of each breeding for the producer to be accurate in estimating the onset of estrus. (missouri.edu)
- Upon estrus onset (EO) detection, the goats were immediately removed from the pens. (scielo.br)
- However, even with the use of hormonal protocols, small ruminants present a high degree of estrus onset dispersion( 3 3 Gómez JD, Balasch S, Gómez LD, Martino A, Fernández N. A Comparison between intravaginal progestogen and melatonin implant treatments on the reproductive efficiency of ewes. (scielo.br)
- A beginning sign of estrus onset is the swelling of the vulva and the release of cervical mucus, which is shiny and clear. (michiganlivestock.com)
- If testing is started after the onset of estrus, it is likely that the LH surge will have already occurred and cannot be identified in retrospect. (medi-vet.com)
Heat9
- To obtain a high conception rate and litter size, estrous detection (heat checking) must be done carefully and without fail. (missouri.edu)
- The most limiting factor in AI programs is the proper detection in estrus or standing heat. (beefmagazine.com)
- Best heat detection practices include morning and evening (at 12 hour intervals) visual observation of standing heat. (beefmagazine.com)
- In spring calving Oklahoma herds, the morning heat detection is most effective in the very early daylight hours before high daily temperatures may suppress mounting activity. (beefmagazine.com)
- Applying bright colored paint or chalk to tail heads can be very helpful tool in heat detection. (beefmagazine.com)
- P.G. 600-5D is indicated for induction of fertile estrus (heat) in healthy prepuberal (non-cycling) gilts over five and one-half months of age and weighing at least 85 kg (185 lb. (drugs.com)
- Gilts normally reach puberty (begin experiencing normal estrus cycles and exhibiting regular estrus or heat) at any time between six and eight months of age, although some gilts will not have exhibited their first estrus at ten months of age. (drugs.com)
- It stimulates the follicles of the ovaries to produce mature ova (eggs) and it promotes the outward signs of estrus (heat). (drugs.com)
- On top of that, estrus detection is a very labor-intensive and time-consuming procedure, resulting in people checking for heat detection only once a day. (thepigsite.com)
Estrous2
- The importance of estrous detection in an AI system cannot be overemphasized. (missouri.edu)
- Twice-daily estrous detection is more effective than once-daily detection, although it is also more time- and labor-consuming. (missouri.edu)
Progesterone2
Females1
- In cattle, a successful hormonal control of estrus requires healthy females of adequate age, weight, and nutrition status. (msdvetmanual.com)
Hormonal1
- The minimum body condition score for a satisfactory hormonal control of estrus in beef cattle is 5 (scale 1-9) and for dairy cattle 2.5 (scale 1-5). (msdvetmanual.com)
Induce2
CIDR1
- In addition, using CIDRs for short periods (i.e., 6 days) requires, primarily in season, the administration of a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin (PGF2α) at CIDR removal to control the endogenous source of P4 and thus improve estrus response. (osu.edu)
Gilts3
- In gilts, estrus may last only a day or two, while a sow may be in estrus for three days. (missouri.edu)
- P.G. 600-5D is a combination of equine serum gonadotrophin (Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin or PMSG) and chorionic gonadotrophin (Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin or HCG) for use in prepuberal gilts that have not yet exhibited their first estrus and in sows at weaning. (drugs.com)
- Gilts that are less than five and one-half months of age or that weigh less than 85 kg (185 lb.) may not be mature enough to continue normal estrus cycles or maintain a normal pregnancy to full term after treatment. (drugs.com)
Underwent1
- Reproductively mature heifers underwent a fixed-time AI program with estrus detection and were then exposed to a bull two weeks after AI. (auburn.edu)
Behavioral2
- This study assessed the effects of social dominance on the behavioral estrus and ovarian parameters of dairy goats subjected to synchronous estrus induction during the non-breeding season. (scielo.br)
- Flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, IV, q 24 h) or lactated Ringer solution (placebo treatment) was administered for 2 days to mares with a dominant follicle (≥ 35 mm in diameter) and behavioral signs of estrus. (avma.org)
Sows4
- P.G. 600-5D is indicated for induction of estrus in healthy weaned sows experiencing delayed return to estrus. (drugs.com)
- Delayed return to estrus often occurs during periods of adverse environmental conditions, and sows mated under such conditions may farrow smaller than normal litters. (drugs.com)
- however, some otherwise healthy sows may not exhibit estrus for 30 days or more after weaning. (drugs.com)
- The causes of delayed return to estrus in healthy sows are poorly understood, but probably include season of the year (so-called seasonal anestrus), adverse environmental conditions, such as high ambient temperatures and the number of previous litters, because the condition is more prevalent after the first litter than after later litters. (drugs.com)
Occurs1
- In fact, a sow may ovulate before estrus occurs. (missouri.edu)
Receptive2
- The two or three days that the female is sexually receptive is termed estrus. (missouri.edu)
- The common indicators of estrus and breeding time such as vaginal cytology and receptive behavior, are primarily controlled by changes in the hormone estrogen. (medi-vet.com)
Fertility2
- However, several reports indicate that fertility after prolonged periods could be reduced compared to natural estrus due to low levels of P4 towards the end of treatment, which in turn affects follicle development and oocyte quality (Gonzalez-Bulnes et al. (osu.edu)
- When selecting for higher fertility, we see increased expression of estrus. (steakgenomics.org)
Serum1
- In serum, the detection limit for methoxychlor was repor ted to be 0.24-4.07 mg/L (Steinberg et al. (cdc.gov)
Cycles1
- RESULTS Data were available for 45 estrus cycles of the 13 mares. (avma.org)
Induction1
- Evaluation of cervical mucus and reproductive efficiency of seasonally anovular dairy goats after short-term progestagen-based estrus induction protocols with different gonadotropins. (scielo.br)
Time1
- A combination of estrus detection and fixed-time AI may increase e pregnancy rates after AI compared with protocols that use only fixed-time AI. (msdvetmanual.com)
Adoption1
- Economic Viability of Adoption of Automated Oestrus Detection Technologies on Dairy Farms: A Review. (cdrf.org)
Signs2
- The women monitor signs of estrus in their does and take them to the buck centers for mating. (winrock.org)
- The women are already well versed in the signs of estrus. (winrock.org)
Precision1
- Additionally, analytical methods are included that modify previously used methods to obtain lower detection limits and/or to improve accuracy and precision. (cdc.gov)
Rates1
- The use of reproductive biotechniques, such as the application of exogenous hormones, is hereby essential to achieving higher rates of estrus response and synchrony to guarantee the efficiency of a FxTAI program( 2 2 Fonseca JF, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Oliveira MEF, Cruz RC, Esteves L, Paiva MPSLM, Brandão FZ, Mancio AB. (scielo.br)
Management1
- Age at first estrus is influenced by several factors including breed type, season of the year, environmental conditions, and management practice. (drugs.com)
Hours1
- The balance point is typically 12 hours after the expression of estrus. (steakgenomics.org)
Treatments1
- There are many variations on this protocol, with addition of pretreatments, using steroids, PGF 2α , or GnRH treatments that can be used with or without estrus detection. (msdvetmanual.com)
Eggs1
- erally caused by Oestrus ovis , a fly that lays eggs on the 2007;76:1148-52. (cdc.gov)
Aids1
- There are several estrus detection aids out there. (steakgenomics.org)
High1
- 1ng/mL in sexually intact bitches and queens, except during the LH peak at estrus, it may be assumed that high values in bitches and queens not in estrus are indicative that the ovaries have been removed. (medi-vet.com)
Rate1
- When comparing intense vs casual estrus detection systems, the intense estrus detection had a 71% pregnancy rate vs a 35% pregnancy rate with casual detection. (steakgenomics.org)
Evaluation1
- Evaluation of Type I and II Collagen Biomarkers for the Detection of Joint Pathology in Elephants. (missouri.edu)
Female1
- The pheromones signal to the female that a mature boar is present and initiate the standing reflex if the female is in estrus. (missouri.edu)
