Estrogen Replacement Therapy

Estrogens

Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)

Ovariectomy

Postmenopause

Estradiol

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Chromonar

Administration, Cutaneous

Menopause

Receptors, Estrogen

Progestins

Phytoestrogens

Renal Replacement Therapy

Estrogen Receptor alpha

Hysterectomy

Enzyme Replacement Therapy

Administration, Oral

Estrogen Receptor beta

Endometrial Neoplasms

Macaca fascicularis

Progesterone

Breast Neoplasms

Risk Factors

Risk

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Cross-Over Studies

Equilenin

Time Factors

Lipids

Endothelium, Vascular

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

Coronary Disease

Body Dysmorphic Disorders

Blood Pressure

Estrone

Estriol

Plant Preparations

Drug Implants

Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

alpha-Galactosidase

Aging

Uterus

Testosterone

Isoflavones

Fabry Disease

Acute Kidney Injury

Turner Syndrome

Sex Chromosomes

Syndrome

Mosaicism

Sex Chromosome Aberrations

Chromosomes, Human, X

Karyotyping

Estrogen-dependent condition

Estrogen (medication)

Estrogen patch

Estrogen and neurodegenerative diseases

Roger W. Robinson

Estrone

Pharmacokinetics of estradiol

Adenoacanthoma

Pharmacodynamics of spironolactone

Robert S. Rosenson

Animal products in pharmaceuticals

Gallbladder disease

Timeline of transgender history

Estrone (medication)

Ovarian disease

George Rosenkranz

Diethylstilbestrol

Erica Andrews

Turner syndrome

Timing hypothesis (menopausal hormone therapy)

Estradiol dienantate

Testosterone enantate benzilic acid hydrazone

Prolactinoma

High-dose estrogen

Ovarian cancer

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

Drospirenone

Prasterone

Polyestradiol phosphate

Endometrial cancer

Sexual anomalies

List of clinical studies of menopausal hormone therapy

Polyestriol phosphate

Progestogen ester

Androgen

Animal psychopathology

Adolescent sexuality

Prostate cancer

Kent Holtorf

Alkaline phosphatase

Transgender hormone therapy

Effects of hormones on sexual motivation

Drugs and sexual desire

Cancer

Enclomifene

Estrogen receptor beta

Fibrocystic breast changes

Etynodiol diacetate

Hexestrol

Kallmann syndrome

Valproate

Christine Jorgensen

Galactorrhea hyperprolactinemia

Gynoid fat distribution

Estradiol cyclooctyl acetate

Levonorgestrel

Menopause21

• Combinations of estrogen and progestin are used to treat certain symptoms of menopause. (medlineplus.gov)
• Estrogen reduces feelings of warmth in the upper body and periods of sweating and heat (hot flashes), vaginal symptoms (itching, burning, and dryness) and difficulty with urination, but it does not relieve other symptoms of menopause such as nervousness or depression. (medlineplus.gov)
• Dr. James A. Simon discusses hormone replacement therapy and the connection between HRT, menopause and breast cancer. (2ndact.tv)
• Menopause Hormone Therapy: Does It Cause Vaginal Bleeding? (nih.gov)
• For women in their midlife, lower estrogen levels can worsen menopause symptoms, making many women suffer from anxiety, mood swings, sleeplessness, skin issues, and hot flushes. (tobaccofacts.org)
• We have written this article to link smoking and estrogen levels and inform you nicotine can reduce estrogen levels and contribute to early-onset menopause. (tobaccofacts.org)
• As smoking nicotine is known to inhibit aromatase enzyme activity, this can catalyze the conversion of androgens to estrogens and reduce estrogen levels, leading to early-onset menopause. (tobaccofacts.org)
• As decreasing estrogen can worsen menopause symptoms, smoking can intensify the experience, making the midlife process a lot more intolerant and unpleasant. (tobaccofacts.org)
• This means you will have less time with the protective benefits of estrogen and this can lead to higher chances of developing osteoporosis bone issues, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and obesity following the menopause period. (tobaccofacts.org)
• The majority of these symptoms can be attributed to the lack of estrogen that characterizes natural or iatrogenically-induced menopause. (frontiersin.org)
• 1. [Estrogen therapy and menopause]. (nih.gov)
• 10. Estrogen replacement in the menopause. (nih.gov)
• 17. Current status of menopause and postmenopausal estrogen therapy. (nih.gov)
• When these women were further divided by their estrogen use status after menopause, a negative association between caffeine intake and risk of PD similar to men was observed in those women who had never used estrogen replacement therapy but not in those who had ever used it (Ascherio et al. (jneurosci.org)
• It's long been known that young women have a lower risk of heart disease than men, but that risk rises substantially after a woman's estrogen levels drop with menopause. (eurekalert.org)
• This was a new approach, since most estrogen replacement therapy is typically offered to women after menopause. (eurekalert.org)
• We wanted to test the timing hypothesis: the idea that there's a window of opportunity for taking estrogen so that we could see if we could identify that window, and determine how menopause impacted the response to estrogens," Pyle said. (eurekalert.org)
• That tells us that we can't simply place estrogens into a heart years after menopause, because you are now treating a heart that is fundamentally changed. (eurekalert.org)
• It also tells us that timing is important, and that we likely need to move the window for offering estrogen therapy back up, offering it much earlier and not waiting for after menopause. (eurekalert.org)
• After menopause, estrogen production drops, but it can still be 40-60% of what it was before menopause. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• During menopause, a woman's ovaries produce less oestrogen and for three quarters of women this results in hot flushes which can have a serious impact on their quality of life. (news24.com)

Taking estrogen and progestin2

• One branch of the study looked the effects of taking estrogen and progestin together, but it was halted ahead of schedule in 2002 because the hormone combination was found to increase the risk of breast cancer by 25 percent . (livescience.com)
• Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking estrogen and progestin. (medlineplus.gov)

Progestin12

• It's still not clear why estrogen-only therapies and therapies that use a combination of estrogen and progestin appear to have the opposite effect on breast cancer risk. (livescience.com)
• If you are having surgery or will be on bedrest, talk to your doctor about stopping estrogen and progestin at least 4 to 6 weeks before the surgery or bedrest. (medlineplus.gov)
• Estrogen and progestin are two female sex hormones. (medlineplus.gov)
• Progestin is added to estrogen in hormone replacement therapy to reduce the risk of uterine cancer in women who still have their uterus. (medlineplus.gov)
• Activella, FemHrt, and Prempro come as tablets containing estrogen and progestin. (medlineplus.gov)
• Take one pink tablet (containing only estrogen) once daily for 3 days, then take one white tablet (containing estrogen and progestin) once daily for 3 days. (medlineplus.gov)
• Take one maroon tablet (containing only estrogen) once daily on days 1 to 14, and take one light-blue tablet (containing estrogen and progestin) once daily on days 15 to 28. (medlineplus.gov)
• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to estrogen, progestin, or any other medications. (medlineplus.gov)
• Estrogen plus progestin component of the Women's Health Initiative, a randomized controlled primary prevention trial (planned duration, 8.5 years) in which 16608 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years with an intact uterus at baseline were recruited by 40 US clinical centers in 1993-1998. (nih.gov)
• On May 31, 2002, after a mean of 5.2 years of follow-up, the data and safety monitoring board recommended stopping the trial of estrogen plus progestin vs placebo because the test statistic for invasive breast cancer exceeded the stopping boundary for this adverse effect and the global index statistic supported risks exceeding benefits. (nih.gov)
• Absolute excess risks per 10 000 person-years attributable to estrogen plus progestin were 7 more CHD events, 8 more strokes, 8 more PEs, and 8 more invasive breast cancers, while absolute risk reductions per 10 000 person-years were 6 fewer colorectal cancers and 5 fewer hip fractures. (nih.gov)
• Overall health risks exceeded benefits from use of combined estrogen plus progestin for an average 5.2-year follow-up among healthy postmenopausal US women. (nih.gov)

Progesterone12

• Giving lower doses of estrogen and progesterone during hormone replacement therapy (HRT), in combination with calcium and vitamin D, spares older women significant osteoporotic bone mass loss while limiting HRT's significant side effects, according to a new NIAMS-supported study. (nih.gov)
• 1999;130:897-904), carried out by Robert R. Recker, M.D., and his colleagues at the NIAMS-sponsored Specialized Center of Research on Osteoporosis at Creighton University, tested a continuous daily regimen of 0.3 milligrams of estrogen (and 2.5 milligrams of progesterone) in women over 65 with low bone mass. (nih.gov)
• The effect of low-dose continuous estrogen and progesterone therapy with calcium and vitamin D on bone in elderly women. (nih.gov)
• When it's not in proper proportion to the hormone that balances it, (primarily progesterone), estrogen can be dominant even if levels are low. (holtorfmed.com)
• Estrogen stimulates cell growth, while progesterone keeps it in check. (holtorfmed.com)
• Sufficient estrogen is important to good health but, it is dangerous when it exists in excess or it is not balanced by progesterone. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• If you are taking estrogen, you should also take natural progesterone for balance. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• This means that you should use estrogen WITH progesterone to keep your hormones balanced. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• Several hundred times more progesterone normally exists in the healthy adult female than estrogen. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• If you are concerned about TOO MUCH ESTROGEN and the associated problems, supplemental natural progesterone will balance your estrogen and its unwanted side effects. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• Estrogen and progesterone need each other! (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• Hello, I'm aware that Dr J Lee recommends using natural progesterone alongside estrogen in order to balance the hormone ratios, but can you tell me if the same applies if using a estriol cream for vaginal atrophy, where the estrogen dose is very low? (safemenopausesolutions.com)

Plus medroxyprogesterone acetate2

• Participants received conjugated equine estrogens, 0.625 mg/d, plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 mg/d, in 1 tablet (n = 8506) or placebo (n = 8102). (nih.gov)
• 65 years old who had Medicare fee-for-service coverage with their clinical data from the Women's Health Initiative trials of conjugated equine estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE+MPA) versus placebo and of CEE-alone versus placebo. (healthpartners.com)

Postmenopausal estrogen therapy1

• OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate whether selection of healthy women for postmenopausal estrogen therapy may confound observational studies of estrogen use and cardiovascular disease risk. (elsevier.com)

Woman's1

• ERT replaces the estrogen a woman's body should be making naturally for a normal menstrual cycle. (nih.gov)

Testosterone2

• Current smokers against nonsmokers are known to have higher levels of both testosterone and estrogen. (tobaccofacts.org)
• is determined in men when reduced testosterone production is suspected, e.g. in hypogonadism, estrogen therapy, chromosome aberrations (as in the Klinefelter's syndrome) and liver cirrhosis. (cdc.gov)

Lower estrogen levels1

• Dietary changes can also help lower estrogen levels. (holtorfmed.com)

Symptoms12

• These latest results should provide reassurance about breast safety," for women taking estrogen for about five years after a hysterectomy for relief from postmenopausal symptoms, said study researcher Garnet Anderson, of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle. (livescience.com)
• Other women take hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also called menopausal hormone therapy, to relieve these symptoms. (nih.gov)
• Based on current research, black cohosh is most likely to relieve symptoms related to reductions or imbalances in the hormone estrogen . (medicalnewstoday.com)
• Increased intensity of PMS symptoms is perhaps the most obvious and immediate indicator of estrogen dominance. (holtorfmed.com)
• PMS symptoms occur on a spectrum and as estrogen becomes increasingly imbalanced, so too does the intensity and duration of PMS symptoms. (holtorfmed.com)
• There are multiple approaches to resolving the increased PMS symptoms and other issues associated with estrogen dominance. (holtorfmed.com)
• Therefore, those suffering from PMS symptoms or other indicators of estrogen imbalance should consider supplementing with an estrogen regulating product such as HoltraCeuticals' Cellular Support . (holtorfmed.com)
• Many women who suffer from exceptionally challenging PMS symptoms and other forms of discomfort often do not realize that resolving an estrogen imbalance may be the key to improving their situation. (holtorfmed.com)
• A new clinical trial finds that estrogen replacement therapy is associated with a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms among girls with anorexia nervosa. (medindia.net)
• It is also possible that fluctuating estrogen production levels in the body - sometimes too high, sometimes too low - result in a temporary estrogen deficiency that causes menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats and vaginal dryness. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• Again, the most common symptoms that can indicate the need for natural estrogen supplementation are hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, urinary tract infections and bone loss. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• However, symptoms are largely neurological in nature, including disruption of estrogen-regulated systems such as thermoregulation, sleep, and circadian rhythms, as well as depression and cognitive decline[ 4 ]. (plos.org)

Hormonal2

• Perhaps the most effective and quickest method of alleviating estrogen dominance and restoring hormonal balance is through proper supplementation. (holtorfmed.com)
• Many of them also have other comorbid diseases, such as breast cancer and thrombosis, which contraindicate hormonal therapy. (frontiersin.org)

Women29

• While some forms of hormone replacement therapy have been found to increase breast cancer risk, therapies that use only estrogen may actually protect women against the disease, a new study says. (livescience.com)
• Women in the study who took estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for six years were 23 percent less likely to develop breast cancer five years after they had stopped the therapy compared with women who never received HRT. (livescience.com)
• Women who took estrogen-only HRT were also less likely to die of breast cancer. (livescience.com)
• The findings mostly apply to women who have had a hysterectomy, as this is the group most likely to take estrogen-only HRT. (livescience.com)
• The therapy raises the risk of uterine cancer, so the therapy is usually not prescribed for other women. (livescience.com)
• The lowered risk was not found in women with a family history of the disease, and the therapy comes with a risk of stroke and blood clots, the researchers said. (livescience.com)
• A separate study branch looked at the effect of estrogen-only HRT in 11,000 postmenopausal women who had had hysterectomies. (livescience.com)
• In the new study, the researchers followed 7,645 women from the estrogen-only branch for about five years after the trial ended. (livescience.com)
• Over the course of the 11-year study, 151 women who took estrogen-only HRT developed breast cancer compared with 199 women took a placebo. (livescience.com)
• Six women who took estrogen-only HRT died from breast cancer, compared with 16 who took a placebo. (livescience.com)
• Women who've had a hysterectomy can take estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy for about five years without an increased risk in breast cancer, according to a new study. (livescience.com)
• Estrogen also prevents thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) in menopausal women. (medlineplus.gov)
• At follow-up postmenopausal women ≥40 years old were catagorized as current users (n = 70) or nonusers (n = 772) of noncontraceptive estrogens. (elsevier.com)
• CONCLUSIONS: Selection of healthy women for treatment may not fully explain the apparent protective effect of estrogen replacement on cardiovascular risk. (elsevier.com)
• Our results could mean that many more postmenopausal women who could benefit from the therapy would be willing to be treated, and with a higher compliance rate. (nih.gov)
• This study provides important proof that low-dose estrogen can be an effective preventive and therapeutic option in older women with adequate calcium and vitamin D intake. (nih.gov)
• Estrogen Effects on Women! (2ndact.tv)
• For some women, hormone therapy may increase their chances of getting blood clots , heart attacks , strokes , breast cancer , and gallbladder disease . (nih.gov)
• Even though estrogen is a necessary component of health in both men and women, too much can cause significant problems. (holtorfmed.com)
• With less estrogen, women might also have a much harder time trying to get pregnant and trying to have a healthy baby. (tobaccofacts.org)
• or 10 mg daily in postmenopausal women not receiving estrogen. (nih.gov)
• 5. Estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women. (nih.gov)
• 9. Estrogen treatment of postmenopausal women. (nih.gov)
• Interestingly, in women, this inverse association is present only in those who have not taken postmenopausal estrogens, suggesting an interaction between the influences of estrogen and caffeine use on the risk of PD. (jneurosci.org)
• While it's well known that estrogen protects the heart and keeps it resilient, many women and physicians have been afraid to use hormone replacement therapy because of a large HRT study 20 years ago that was halted over fears it was linked to increased heart events and cancer. (eurekalert.org)
• [ 2 ] Of note, the incidence of invasive breast cancers decreased between 1999 and 2004, which coincides with and is possibly attributable to better adherence to recommended screening mammography for the general population of women, as well as decreasing use of menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). (medscape.com)
• Estrogen replacement therapy and urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women aged 45-89. (nih.gov)
• An option of some menopausal women is to undergo Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), which artificially maintains oestrogen levels. (news24.com)
• At this point, some women chose to supplement their body's natural hormones with hormone replacement therapy. (empowher.com)

Placebo4

• About half had taken estrogen during the trial, and half had taken the placebo. (livescience.com)
• 2) In female mice (both young and RB), caffeine was less potent or altogether ineffective as a neuroprotectant after sham surgery compared to OVX or after OVX plus estrogen replacement compared to OVX plus placebo treatment. (jneurosci.org)
• 4) Consistent with the putative protective effect of estrogen, female and OVX plus estrogen mice were relatively resistant to MPTP toxicity compared to male and OVX plus placebo mice, respectively. (jneurosci.org)
• 5) There was no overall difference in brain levels of caffeine and its metabolites between OVX plus placebo and OVX plus estrogen mice. (jneurosci.org)

Estradiol5

• The three main estrogens in the body are estradiol, estrone and estriol. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• In excess, estradiol can cause cancer…the safest estrogen is ESTRIOL and supplementation with the natural estrogen estriol cream is recommended by author and Harvard-trained physician Dr. John R. Lee. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• The synthetic estrogen prescription drugs are NOT natural estrogen…they are usually a form of synthetic ESTRADIOL. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• Estradiol is the strongest and "most aggressive" estrogen and in excess, is not healthy. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• According to Dr. Lee, estriol is the SAFEST of the natural estrogen produced in humans (the other two being estradiol and estrone). (safemenopausesolutions.com)

Blood clots2

• This trial was stopped in 2004 because the therapy was found to increase the risk of stroke and blood clots. (livescience.com)
• Hormone replacement therapy may increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, breast cancer, and blood clots in the lungs and legs. (medlineplus.gov)

Ovulation1

• Clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy is often prescribed to help trigger ovulation. (nih.gov)

Pregnancy2

• Both pregnancy and oral contraception (mainly when estrogen is included) may precipitate the development of Budd-Chiari syndrome in patients with underlying thrombophilia. (nih.gov)
• Medical therapy for patients with luteinizing hormone deficiency varies with respect to cause and if pregnancy is desired. (medscape.com)

Ovaries2

• Produced primarily in the ovaries, estrogen is also produced in the adrenals and fat tissues. (holtorfmed.com)
• The adrenal glands, the fat tissues, and the ovaries produce estrogen and both female and male bodies have the hormone. (tobaccofacts.org)

Tissues1

• Estrogens diffuse through cell membranes, distribute themselves throughout the cell, and bind to and activate the nuclear estrogen receptor, a DNA-binding protein found in estrogen-responsive tissues. (medscape.com)

Hormones4

• Estrogens are steroid hormones derived from cholesterol. (holtorfmed.com)
• Estrogen is defined as a group of hormones related to the reproductive cycle. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• Hormones used in all types of hormone replacement therapy are manufactured in a lab or pharmacy. (empowher.com)
• Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy involves the use of hormones that are considered to be exact duplicates (or bio-identical) to the hormones naturally produced by the body. (empowher.com)

Supplementation2

• For natural estrogen hormone replacement therapy, Dr. John Lee recommends supplementation with the natural estrogen estriol cream . (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• When do you need natural estrogen supplementation? (safemenopausesolutions.com)

Doses1

• Surprisingly few dosing studies of estrogen have been carried out, and those that tested lower doses yielded inconsistent results. (nih.gov)

Cardiovascular disease1

• Although you can supplement estrogen levels with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), in smokers, it can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. (tobaccofacts.org)

Risks4

• If a woman is taking estrogen already, she and her doctor must discuss the risks and benefits of doing so. (mountsinai.org)
• This knowledge is slowly making its way into the clinic and being employed to better stratify individual risks of developing colorectal cancer, discover better screening methodologies, allow for better prognostication, and improve the ability to predict benefit from new anticancer therapies. (medscape.com)
• No wonder that the National Institute of Health study found that MAJOR HEALTH RISKS were associated with synthetic HRT that included synthetic estrogen. (safemenopausesolutions.com)
• There are synthetic estrogen drugs, but they come with health risks and unwanted side effects. (safemenopausesolutions.com)

Excess1

• The liver function becomes impaired, leading to an excess of estrogen. (holtorfmed.com)

Hormone that plays2

• Estrogen is a naturally occurring hormone that plays an important role in functions such as childbearing, regulating cholesterol, and bone health. (holtorfmed.com)
• Estrogen is a vital hormone that plays multiple roles in the body. (tobaccofacts.org)

Puberty1

• Used for the purpose of hormone replacement and induction of puberty. (medscape.com)

Typically2

• Patients suffering from estrogen dominance are typically encouraged to maintain a low-fat and high-fiber diet until the issue resolves. (holtorfmed.com)
• Biologic agents have assumed a major role, typically as targeted therapy based on genetic analysis of the tumor. (medscape.com)

Osteoporosis3

• The test dosage was less than half the HRT estrogen dosage most commonly prescribed to prevent osteoporosis. (nih.gov)
• Since estrogen is the first line of defense against osteoporosis," she says, "it's critical to use the lowest effective dose that will preserve and even add bone. (nih.gov)
• Other selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are also used to treat osteoporosis. (mountsinai.org)

Take hormone replace1

• To help you remember to take hormone replacement therapy, take it around the same time every day. (medlineplus.gov)

Clinical Trials1

• In addition to testing new therapies, the ADCS develops new evaluation instruments for clinical trials and innovative approaches to Alzheimer's disease clinical trial design and analysis. (nih.gov)

Levels11

• RESULTS: Prior levels of total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and blood pressure were similar for estrogen users and nonusers. (elsevier.com)
• However, if estrogen levels exceed healthy norms, known as estrogen dominance, issues can develop. (holtorfmed.com)
• When estrogen levels are too high, sperm levels may fall, which can lead to fertility issues. (holtorfmed.com)
• High levels of estrogen can often lead to men struggling to get or maintain an erection. (holtorfmed.com)
• Restores estrogen levels in girls with hypogonadotropism to concentrations that induce negative feedback at gonadotrophic regulatory centers, which in turn reduces release of gonadotropins from pituitary. (medscape.com)
• Does Smoking Reduce Estrogen Levels? (tobaccofacts.org)
• Have you ever wondered if smoking can cause estrogen levels to reduce in the body? (tobaccofacts.org)
• On the other hand, estrogen levels vary by individual, and it is not only smoking that causes levels to fluctuate. (tobaccofacts.org)
• Regardless of estrogen levels, smoking is not a good decision when watching your health. (tobaccofacts.org)
• Studies have found that smoking can make your estrogen levels drop, especially in females. (tobaccofacts.org)
• Endocrinologist Dr Julia Prague told Britain's Daily Mail that hot flushes are triggered by the release of a brain hormone called neurokinin B in response to dropping oestrogen levels. (news24.com)

Cancer3

• However, the researchers said they do not recommend estrogen-only HRT as a way to reduce breast cancer risk in general. (livescience.com)
• Some previous studies have suggested that estrogen-only HRT increases the risk of breast cancer, but these studies were less rigorous in design than the new one. (livescience.com)
• Adjuvant (postoperative) therapy is used in selected patients with stage II colon cancer who are at high risk of recurrence, and is standard for stage III colon cancer. (medscape.com)

Influences1

• Depending on how it is metabolized, estrogen influences the body in different ways. (holtorfmed.com)

Drugs1

• The team next examined how the heart responded when estrogen-mimicking drugs was offered during perimenopause. (eurekalert.org)

Patients1

• 3. Estrogen therapy of perimenopausal and postmenopausal patients. (nih.gov)

Female2

• It is important to keep in mind that although it's called the female hormone, men's bodies also require estrogen and can suffer from an estrogen dominance. (holtorfmed.com)
• Estrogen is a well-known "master regulator" of the metabolic system of the female brain and body. (plos.org)

Metabolites1

• These pathways determine whether estrogen is converted into harmful or helpful metabolites. (holtorfmed.com)

Breast1

• Finally, the body uses estrogen to form breast tissue. (tobaccofacts.org)

Risk4

• 16. Estrogen therapy: the benefits and risk - general discussion. (nih.gov)
• Together, these results suggest that estrogen can occlude and thereby prevent the neuroprotective effect of caffeine in a model of PD neurodegeneration, supporting a biological basis for the interaction between estrogen and caffeine in modifying the risk of PD. (jneurosci.org)
• These results suggest that estrogen replacement therapy may prevent the beneficial effect of caffeine in reducing the risk of developing PD. (jneurosci.org)
• Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) helps restore the vaginal milieu and may have a beneficial effect on risk of infection. (nih.gov)

Found2

• We found the window of opportunity for using the therapy likely begins much earlier than previously believed," said Prof. Glen Pyle, senior author of the study. (eurekalert.org)
• They found the hearts' response to the estrogen compounds varied throughout the perimenopause period, suggesting again that molecular changes had taken place during this critical transition period. (eurekalert.org)

Effects2

• The primary outcome was total Medicare spending during the intervention phase of the trial, and the secondary outcomes were spending on diseases hypothesized a priori to be sensitive to the effects of hormone therapy. (healthpartners.com)
• The activated estrogen receptor binds to specific DNA sequences or hormone-response elements, which enhances transcription of adjacent genes and, in turn, leads to the observed effects. (medscape.com)

Decrease1

• During this age, there is a decrease in circulating estrogen, resulting in anatomical changes that provoke the weakening of the vaginal epithelium and decrease in its collagen content, hyalinization, and elastin content. (frontiersin.org)

Tablets1

• This natural estrogen is easily available in the form of estriol creams and tablets. (safemenopausesolutions.com)