A plant family of the order Linales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida best known for the coca plant.

Inter- and intra-specific variation among five Erythroxylum taxa assessed by AFLP. (1/8)

BACKGROUND: and Aims The four cultivated Erythroxylum taxa (E. coca var. coca, E. novogranatense var. novogranatense, E. coca var. ipadu and E. novogranatense var. truxillense) are indigenous to the Andean region of South America and have been cultivated for folk-medicine and, within the last century, for illicit cocaine production. The objective of this research was to assess the structure of genetic diversity within and among the four cultivated alkaloid-bearing taxa of Erythroxylum in the living collection at Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. METHODS: Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting was performed in 86 Erythroxylum accessions using a capillary genotyping system. Cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were used to assess the pattern and level of genetic variation among and within the taxa. KEY RESULTS: A clear distinction was revealed between E. coca and E. novogranatense. At the intra-specific level, significant differentiation was observed between E. c. var. coca and E. c. var. ipadu, but the differentiation between E. n. var. novogranatense and E. n. var. truxillense was negligible. Erythroxylum c. var. ipadu had a significantly lower amount of diversity than the E. c. var. coca and is genetically different from the E. c. var. ipadu currently under cultivation in Colombia, South America. CONCLUSIONS: There is a heterogeneous genetic structure among the cultivated Erythroxylum taxa where E. coca and E. novogranatense are two independent species. Erythroxylum coca var. coca is most likely the ancestral taxon of E. c. var. ipadu and a founder effect may have occurred as E. c. var. ipadu moved from the eastern Andes in Peru and Bolivia into the lowland Amazonian basin. There is an indication of artificial hybridization in coca grown in Colombia.  (+info)

Acetophenone diglycosides from Erythroxylum cambodianum. (2/8)

Two new acetophenone diglycosides, erythroxylosides A and B, were isolated from the aerial portion of Erythroxylum cambodianum together with (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, (3S,5R,6R,7E,9S-megastigman-7-ene-3,5,6,9-tetrol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and citroside A. The structural elucidations were based on analyses of chemical and spectroscopic data.  (+info)

Tropane aromatic ester alkaloids from a large-scale re-collection of Erythroxylum pervillei stem bark obtained in Madagascar. (3/8)

Fractionation by pH zone-refining countercurrent chromatography of an extract of the stem bark of Erythroxylum pervillei, obtained on a kilogram scale in southern Madagascar, led to the isolation and characterization of four tropane aromatic ester alkaloids as minor constituents, namely, pervilleines G (5) and H (6) and cis-pervilleines B (7) and F (8). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data interpretation.  (+info)

Evaluation of the cholinergic and adrenergic effects of two tropane alkaloids from Erythroxylum pervillei. (4/8)

Pervilleine A is an aromatic ester tropane alkaloid from Erythroxylum pervillei that has shown promising activity as a multidrug resistance inhibitor. Due to its structural similarity with the well known (-)-hyoscyamine and (-)-cocaine, the cholinergic and adrenergic activities of pervilleine A were evaluated. At 30 microm (+/-)-pervilleine A hydrochloride exhibited non-competitive inhibition of the cholinergic response in the guinea-pig ileum and did not affect the carbachol-induced contraction of the rat anococcygeus smooth muscle. (+/-)-Pervilleine A hydrochloride blocked nonspecifically the vascular response of (-)-norepinephrine in the rat aorta ring, while the contractile response of rat vas deferens to (-)-norepinephrine was not affected significantly at a 100 microm concentration. An analogue of pervilleine A, (+/-)-pervilleine H, without a 6-O-trans-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl ester substituent required for anti-multidrug resistance activity, did not exhibit any effects in these experiments. The data suggest that (+/-)-pervilleine A hydrochloride has weak nonspecific anticholinergic and vascular antiadrenergic activities. The lack of significant cholinergic and adrenergic receptor-mediated activities may be considered advantageous for the further development of pervilleine A as a new adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy.  (+info)

Two new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr. (Erythroxylaceae) from the Barra de Marica restinga, Marica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (5/8)

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Plant tropane alkaloid biosynthesis evolved independently in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae. (6/8)

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Edge effect and phenology in Erythroxylum tortuosum (Erythroxylaceae), a typical plant of the Brazilian Cerrado. (7/8)

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A remarkable leaf mine induced by Tachygonus sp.n. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Rhamphini) on Erythroxylum subsessile (Erythroxylaceae) with a description of the new species. (8/8)

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Erythroxylaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes the genus Erythroxylon, which contains the coca plant (E. coca and E. novogranatense). The coca plant is native to western South America and is well-known for containing cocaine alkaloids in its leaves. Cocaine is a powerful stimulant drug that has been used for medical purposes but is also widely abused illegally.

Erythroxylaceae plants are typically small trees or shrubs found in tropical regions of the world, particularly in South America and Africa. The family includes around 200 species, most of which have simple, opposite leaves and small, greenish flowers. Some species of Erythroxylum produce edible fruits that are used locally as food sources.

It's worth noting that while the coca plant is the most famous member of this family due to its association with cocaine, the vast majority of plants in Erythroxylaceae do not contain any significant amounts of psychoactive compounds.

... (the coca family) is a family of flowering trees and shrubs consisting of 4 genera and 271 species. The four ... doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. "Erythroxylaceae Kunth , Plants of the World Online , Kew Science". Plants of the World Online ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Erythroxylaceae. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm ... Erythroxylaceae, Malpighiales families, All stub articles, Malpighiales stubs). ...
IPNI, Erythroxylaceae, Type. POWO, Erythroxylaceae. Coombes 2012, p. 138. Stearn 2002, p. 136. IPNI, Euphorbiaceae, Type. POWO ...
Erythroxylaceae Kunth, nom. cons. Ochnaceae DC., nom. cons. Bonnetiaceae L.Beauvis. ex Nakai Clusiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. (= ...
Erythroxylaceae family 7. Zygophyllaceae order 3. Balsaminales family 1. Balsaminaceae order 4. Vochysiales family 1. ...
Erythroxylaceae a Icacinaceae. 3(2): ined. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Flora ...
Erythroxylaceae a Icacinaceae. 3(2): ined. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Flora ...
Erythroxylaceae Kunth (including Aneulophus Benth.) Euphorbiaceae Juss. $$Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti Goupiaceae Miers ...
It is sister group to Erythroxylaceae. The sister group to the tribe Rhizophoreae is Gynotrocheae. The generic relationships ...
All Erythroxylaceae species are banned in NSW. "Erowid Psychoactive Vaults : Australian Natural Highs FAQ". v t e v t e ( ...
Erythroxylaceae is a family of four genera. Erythroxylum has about 230 species. Nectaropetalum has eight species and ... Wurdack and Davis found the traditional placement of Aneulophus in Erythroxylaceae to be correct. Its position within the ...
... is any of the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America. Coca is known ... Plowman, T; Rivier L (1983). "Cocaine and Cinnamoylcocaine content of thirty-one species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae)". ... Erythroxylaceae)". Systematic Botany. 7 (2): 121-133. doi:10.2307/2418321. JSTOR 2418321. Johnson, E; Zhang D; Emche S (2005 ...
The host plant, Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae), of Agrias (Nymphalidae). J. Lep. Soc. 39(4):266-267. [13] Ray, T. S. 1988. ...
Erythroxylaceae) species from Southern Brazil". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 29 (8): 819-825. doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(01 ...
It is a part of the Erythroxylaceae family. It is endemic to Yemen. Its natural habitat is rocky areas. It is threatened by ...
... is a shrub in the family Erythroxylaceae. It grows in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Thailand. The wood ...
... is a neotropical species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae). Cocaine is produced from the leaves. " ...
... is a species of plant in the Erythroxylaceae family. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. leaves- medicinal. ... Erythroxylaceae) v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with 'species' ... Erythroxylaceae)". Phytochemistry. 53: 409-16. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00561-0. PMID 10703067. https://archive.today/ ...
... is a tropical tree in the family Erythroxylaceae. It is found in Costa Rica. It grows at altitudes of ...
... is a species of plant in the Erythroxylaceae family. It is endemic to Jamaica. World Conservation ...
... is a species of plant in the Erythroxylaceae family. It is endemic to Peru. World Conservation ...
... is a species of plant in the Erythroxylaceae family. It is endemic to Jamaica. World Conservation ...
... is a species of plant in the Erythroxylaceae family. It is endemic to Seychelles. Ismail, S.; Huber, M ...
... is a species of plant in the Erythroxylaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is ...
"Plant tropane alkaloid biosynthesis evolved independently in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae". Proceedings of the National ...
... is a species of plant in the Erythroxylaceae family. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. World Conservation ...
... is a species of plant in the Erythroxylaceae family. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It ...
"Plant tropane alkaloid biosynthesis evolved independently in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae". Proceedings of the National ...
Volume 11(1) (2011) - Cornaceae, Daphniphyllaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Helwingiaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Monimiaceae, Ranunculaceae ...
... is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Erythroxylaceae. Its native range is Somalia to Southern ... Articles with 'species' microformats, Erythroxylaceae, Malpighiales genera, Taxa named by Adolf Engler). ...
... is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Erythroxylaceae. Its native range is Western Central Tropical ...
Erythroxylaceae (the coca family) is a family of flowering trees and shrubs consisting of 4 genera and 271 species. The four ... doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. "Erythroxylaceae Kunth , Plants of the World Online , Kew Science". Plants of the World Online ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Erythroxylaceae. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm ... Erythroxylaceae, Malpighiales families, All stub articles, Malpighiales stubs). ...
... Erythroxylum P.Browne Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 28 October 2017 ... Erythroxylaceae. Flora Malesiana series 1, 5: 543-552 Pelser, P.B., J.F. Barcelona & D.L. Nickrent (eds.). 2011 onwards. Cos ...
Erythroxylaceae). Nat.Prod.Commun. 2009;4(10):1337-1340. View abstract. Tabanca, N., Pawar, R. S., Ferreira, D., Marais, J. P ...
... is much more like Rhizophoraceae than other Erythroxylaceae. ... is much more like Rhizophoraceae than other Erythroxylaceae.. ...
Familia: Erythroxylaceae. Genus: Erythroxylum. Species: Erythroxylum novogranatense Varietas: E. n. var. truxillense. ...
Erythroxylaceae. In: Engler, Das Pflanzenreich [...] [Heft 29] IV. 134. Author. Schulz, Otto Eugen. Date. 1907. Publication. ...
Erythroxylaceae. 古柯科. 2. FOC Vol. 11. 10325. Eucommiaceae. 杜仲科. 1. FOC Vol. 9. ...
En la década de los años setenta se inicia la colección de plantas que actualmente constituye el Herbario "Jaime Andrés Rodríguez" -LEB- de la Universidad de León. Se ha dedicado expresamente a la memoria de quien impulsó su creación y fue el primer profesor de Botánica de esta institución. El Herbario de la Universidad de León alberga, en la actualidad, además de la colección de Brasil, aproximadamente, 110.000 pliegos de plantas, 9.000 muestras de líquenes, 4.300 de hongos y 25 ejemplares tipo de diatomeas ...
Erythroxylaceae Kunth., 1822 *Erythroxylum *coca Lamk. *Ctenolophonaceae H. Winkl. *Ctenolophon *parvifolius Oliv. * ...
Erythroxylaceae. Erythroxylum emarginatum. Euphorbiaceae. Acalypha chirindica. Euphorbiaceae. Euphorbia hirta. Euphorbiaceae. ...
ERYTHROXYLACEAE Share. #wm01 { display:block; } #wm01_app { display:none; } @media (max-width: 568px) { #wm01 { display:none ...
Plant tropane alkaloid biosynthesis evolved independently in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae. Proceedings of the National ...
Matthews ML, Endress PK (2011) Comparative floral structure and systematics in Rhizophoraceae, Erythroxylaceae and the ...
Erythroxylaceae. 2/4. 50%. Escalloniaceae. 4/7. 57%. Eucommiaceae. 1/1. 100%. ...
Familia Erythroxylaceae Kunth in Humb. pub. Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: fol. 135, qu. 175. 25 Feb 1 ...
Estraying so that erythroxylaceae - amebic sporopollenin besides self-balanced consumable pull over nomographically herself ...
They typically have small flowers, likely pollinated by bees and flies, and belong to such families as Erythroxylaceae, ...
... inclusief de planten die anders de familie Erythroxylaceae vormen of * exclusief deze planten; in de enge zin gaat het om een ... inclusief de planten die anders de familie Erythroxylaceae vormen of * exclusief deze planten; in de enge zin gaat het om een ...
... and Erythroxylaceae (including coca). Seeds of TA-producing plants, such as Datura stramonium of the genus Datura, can be found ...
Definition: A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearers consisting of more than one cell. [ PATOC:GVG ...
The trap contains a fluid of the plants own production, which may be watery or more viscous, and is used to drown the prey. This fluid contains viscoelastic biopolymers that may be crucial to the retention of insects within the traps of many species. The viscoelastic fluid in pitchers is especially effective in the retention of winged insects.[6] The trapping efficiency of this fluid remains high, even when significantly diluted by water, as inevitably happens in wet conditions.[7] The lower part of the trap contains glands which absorb nutrients from captured prey. Along the upper inside part of the trap is a slick, waxy coating which makes the escape of its prey nearly impossible. Surrounding the entrance to the trap is a structure called the peristome (the "lip"), which is slippery and often quite colorful, attracting prey, but offering an unsure footing. The prey-capture effectiveness of the peristome is further enhanced in moist environments, where condensation may cause a thin water film ...
Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum obtusifolium Euphorbiaceae Aporosa Euphorbiaceae Macaranga peltata Euphorbiaceae Agrostistachys ...
Erythroxylaceae Go to family Erythroxylaceae Genera list:. Erythroxylum. * Escalloniaceae Go to family Escalloniaceae Genera ...
Erythroxylaceae. Erythroxylum. macrophyllum. 0. Peru. Madre d.... Aguajal.... 8 May 2009. Shrub. Aguajal.... ...
Erythroxylum es un género botánico de plantas de flores tropicales de la familia Erythroxylaceae. Una de las 250 especies de ... Erythroxylum es un género botánico de plantas de flores tropicales de la familia Erythroxylaceae. Una de las 250 especies de ...
Family: Erythroxylaceae Habitat/Microhabitat: Forest on terra firme Collector(s): G. T. Prance et al. ...
This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Erythroxylum (family Erythroxylaceae). ...
Erythroxylaceae According To. Mabberley, D.J. 2008: Mabberleys plant book, a portable dictionary of plants, their ... Erythroxylaceae According To. NZFLORA (2012-) New Zealand Plant Names - Name based concepts. ...
  • Erythroxylum es un género botánico de plantas de flores tropicales de la familia Erythroxylaceae. (dbpedia.org)
  • This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Erythroxylum (family Erythroxylaceae ). (plantlist.org)
  • Tiu ĉi familio nuntempe estas situigita en la ordo de Malpighiales, kvankam laŭ la Cronquist-sistemo ili konstituis propran ordon (Rhizophorales). (dbpedia.org)
  • Plant tropane alkaloid biosynthesis evolved independently in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae. (mpg.de)
  • Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are secondary metabolites which naturally occur in plants of several families including Brassicaceae, Solanaceae (e.g. mandrake, henbane, deadly nightshade, Jimson weed) and Erythroxylaceae (including coca). (fsai.ie)
  • Cocaine and hyoscyamine are two tropane alkaloids (TA) from Erythroxylaceae and Solanaceae, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, besides highlighting the impact of this discovery, we discuss how TA biosynthesis evolved via the recruitment of two distinct and convergent pathways in Erythroxylaceae and Solanaceae. (bvsalud.org)
  • Erythroxylaceae (the coca family) is a family of flowering trees and shrubs consisting of 4 genera and 271 species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Algunos miembros bien caracterizados son SALICACEAE (familia del sauce), VIOLACEAE (familia de la violeta), PASSIFLORACEAE (familia de la flor de la pasión), EUPHORBIACEAE (familia del euforbio o ricino), RHIZOPHORACEAE (familia del mangle) y ERYTHROXYLACEAE (familia de la coca). (bvsalud.org)
  • Well-characterized members include SALICACEAE (willow family), VIOLACEAE (violet family), PASSIFLORACEAE (passion-flower family), EUPHORBIACEAE (spurge or croton family), RHIZOPHORACEAE (mangrove family), and ERYTHROXYLACEAE (coca family). (bvsalud.org)
  • Erythroxylaceae (the coca family) is a family of flowering trees and shrubs consisting of 4 genera and 271 species. (wikipedia.org)