Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.
The senescence of RED BLOOD CELLS. Lacking the organelles that make protein synthesis possible, the mature erythrocyte is incapable of self-repair, reproduction, and carrying out certain functions performed by other cells. This limits the average life span of an erythrocyte to 120 days.
Ability of ERYTHROCYTES to change shape as they pass through narrow spaces, such as the microvasculature.
A major integral transmembrane protein of the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE. It is the anion exchanger responsible for electroneutral transporting in CHLORIDE IONS in exchange of BICARBONATE IONS allowing CO2 uptake and transport from tissues to lungs by the red blood cells. Genetic mutations that result in a loss of the protein function have been associated with type 4 HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS.
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.
The number of RED BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.
The formation of clumps of RED BLOOD CELLS under low or non-flow conditions, resulting from the attraction forces between the red blood cells. The cells adhere to each other in rouleaux aggregates. Slight mechanical force, such as occurs in the circulation, is enough to disperse these aggregates. Stronger or weaker than normal aggregation may result from a variety of effects in the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE or in BLOOD PLASMA. The degree of aggregation is affected by ERYTHROCYTE DEFORMABILITY, erythrocyte membrane sialylation, masking of negative surface charge by plasma proteins, etc. BLOOD VISCOSITY and the ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE are affected by the amount of erythrocyte aggregation and are parameters used to measure the aggregation.
Volume of circulating ERYTHROCYTES . It is usually measured by RADIOISOTOPE DILUTION TECHNIQUE.
The major sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. It consists of at least two sialoglycopeptides and is composed of 60% carbohydrate including sialic acid and 40% protein. It is involved in a number of different biological activities including the binding of MN blood groups, influenza viruses, kidney bean phytohemagglutinin, and wheat germ agglutinin.
A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.
RED BLOOD CELL sensitivity to change in OSMOTIC PRESSURE. When exposed to a hypotonic concentration of sodium in a solution, red cells take in more water, swell until the capacity of the cell membrane is exceeded, and burst.
The aggregation of ERYTHROCYTES by AGGLUTININS, including antibodies, lectins, and viral proteins (HEMAGGLUTINATION, VIRAL).
A high molecular weight (220-250 kDa) water-soluble protein which can be extracted from erythrocyte ghosts in low ionic strength buffers. The protein contains no lipids or carbohydrates, is the predominant species of peripheral erythrocyte membrane proteins, and exists as a fibrous coating on the inner, cytoplasmic surface of the membrane.
Measurement of rate of settling of erythrocytes in anticoagulated blood.
Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).
Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
ERYTHROCYTE size and HEMOGLOBIN content or concentration, usually derived from ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; BLOOD hemoglobin concentration; and HEMATOCRIT. The indices include the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.
Proteins found in any species of protozoan.
The in vitro formation of clusters consisting of a cell (usually a lymphocyte) surrounded by antigenic cells or antigen-bearing particles (usually erythrocytes, which may or may not be coated with antibody or antibody and complement). The rosette-forming cell may be an antibody-forming cell, a memory cell, a T-cell, a cell bearing surface cytophilic antibodies, or a monocyte possessing Fc receptors. Rosette formation can be used to identify specific populations of these cells.
Molecular sites on or in some B-lymphocytes and macrophages that recognize and combine with COMPLEMENT C3B. The primary structure of these receptors reveal that they contain transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, with their extracellular portion composed entirely of thirty short consensus repeats each having 60 to 70 amino acids.
The transfer of erythrocytes from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.
Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.
Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.
Large woodland game BIRDS in the subfamily Meleagridinae, family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. Formerly they were considered a distinct family, Melegrididae.
A system of universal human blood group isoantigens with many associated subgroups. The M and N traits are codominant and the S and s traits are probably very closely linked alleles, including the U antigen. This system is most frequently used in paternity studies.
A blood group consisting mainly of the antigens Fy(a) and Fy(b), determined by allelic genes, the frequency of which varies profoundly in different human groups; amorphic genes are common.
Molecules on the surface of some B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that recognize and combine with the C3b, C3d, C1q, and C4b components of complement.
Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.
A family of membrane-associated proteins responsible for the attachment of the cytoskeleton. Erythrocyte-related isoforms of ankyrin attach the SPECTRIN cytoskeleton to a transmembrane protein (ANION EXCHANGE PROTEIN 1, ERYTHROCYTE) in the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Brain-related isoforms of ankyrin also exist.
Agglutination of ERYTHROCYTES by a virus.
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.
Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.
The volume of packed RED BLOOD CELLS in a blood specimen. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, ANEMIA shows a low value; POLYCYTHEMIA, a high value.
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.
Immature ERYTHROCYTES. In humans, these are ERYTHROID CELLS that have just undergone extrusion of their CELL NUCLEUS. They still contain some organelles that gradually decrease in number as the cells mature. RIBOSOMES are last to disappear. Certain staining techniques cause components of the ribosomes to precipitate into characteristic "reticulum" (not the same as the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM), hence the name reticulocytes.
Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.
Abnormal intracellular inclusions, composed of denatured hemoglobin, found on the membrane of red blood cells. They are seen in thalassemias, enzymopathies, hemoglobinopathies, and after splenectomy.
A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508)
A method for the detection of very small quantities of antibody in which the antigen-antibody-complement complex adheres to indicator cells, usually primate erythrocytes or nonprimate blood platelets. The reaction is dependent on the number of bound C3 molecules on the C3b receptor sites of the indicator cell.
The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.
A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.
The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane.
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.
Erythrocyte isoantigens of the Rh (Rhesus) blood group system, the most complex of all human blood groups. The major antigen Rh or D is the most common cause of erythroblastosis fetalis.
Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a serine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and serine and 2 moles of fatty acids.
Uninuclear cells or a stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. Merozoites, released from ruptured multinucleate SCHIZONTS, enter the blood stream and infect the ERYTHROCYTES.
An abnormal hemoglobin resulting from the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 of the beta chain of the globin moiety. The heterozygous state results in sickle cell trait, the homozygous in sickle cell anemia.
Diazo derivatives of aniline, used as a reagent for sugars, ketones, and aldehydes. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-2,3, alpha-2,6-, and alpha-2,8-glycosidic linkages (at a decreasing rate, respectively) of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid, and synthetic substrate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The internal resistance of the BLOOD to shear forces. The in vitro measure of whole blood viscosity is of limited clinical utility because it bears little relationship to the actual viscosity within the circulation, but an increase in the viscosity of circulating blood can contribute to morbidity in patients suffering from disorders such as SICKLE CELL ANEMIA and POLYCYTHEMIA.
Stable chromium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element chromium, but differ in atomic weight. Cr-50, 53, and 54 are stable chromium isotopes.
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.
The production of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). In humans, erythrocytes are produced by the YOLK SAC in the first trimester; by the liver in the second trimester; by the BONE MARROW in the third trimester and after birth. In normal individuals, the erythrocyte count in the peripheral blood remains relatively constant implying a balance between the rate of erythrocyte production and rate of destruction.
The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).
A method to identify and enumerate cells that are synthesizing ANTIBODIES against ANTIGENS or HAPTENS conjugated to sheep RED BLOOD CELLS. The sheep red blood cells surrounding cells secreting antibody are lysed by added COMPLEMENT producing a clear zone of HEMOLYSIS. (From Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology, 3rd ed)
A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Proteins from BACTERIA and FUNGI that are soluble enough to be secreted to target ERYTHROCYTES and insert into the membrane to form beta-barrel pores. Biosynthesis may be regulated by HEMOLYSIN FACTORS.
Small, abnormal spherical red blood cells with more than the normal amount of hemoglobin.
Catalyzes the oxidation of GLUTATHIONE to GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE in the presence of NADP+. Deficiency in the enzyme is associated with HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.4.2.
A blood group related both to the ABO and P systems that includes several different antigens found in most people on erythrocytes, in milk, and in saliva. The antibodies react only at low temperatures.
A test to detect non-agglutinating ANTIBODIES against ERYTHROCYTES by use of anti-antibodies (the Coombs' reagent.) The direct test is applied to freshly drawn blood to detect antibody bound to circulating red cells. The indirect test is applied to serum to detect the presence of antibodies that can bind to red blood cells.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.
A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.
An intrinsic defect of erythrocytes inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The erythrocytes assume an oval or elliptical shape.
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ACETYLCHOLINE to CHOLINE and acetate. In the CNS, this enzyme plays a role in the function of peripheral neuromuscular junctions. EC 3.1.1.7.
GPI-linked membrane proteins broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD55 prevents the assembly of C3 CONVERTASE or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.
Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.
Small glycoproteins found on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD59 restricts the cytolytic activity of homologous complement by binding to C8 and C9 and blocking the assembly of the membrane attack complex. (From Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p234)
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.
Substances, usually of biological origin, that cause cells or other organic particles to aggregate and stick to each other. They include those ANTIBODIES which cause aggregation or agglutination of particulate or insoluble ANTIGENS.
The process by which blood or its components are kept viable outside of the organism from which they are derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).
A FLAVOPROTEIN oxidoreductase that occurs both as a soluble enzyme and a membrane-bound enzyme due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of a single mRNA. The soluble form is present mainly in ERYTHROCYTES and is involved in the reduction of METHEMOGLOBIN. The membrane-bound form of the enzyme is found primarily in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and outer mitochondrial membrane, where it participates in the desaturation of FATTY ACIDS; CHOLESTEROL biosynthesis and drug metabolism. A deficiency in the enzyme can result in METHEMOGLOBINEMIA.
Agents that cause agglutination of red blood cells. They include antibodies, blood group antigens, lectins, autoimmune factors, bacterial, viral, or parasitic blood agglutinins, etc.
Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.
An enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 2 moles of glutathione in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to yield oxidized glutathione and water. EC 1.11.1.9.
The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.
A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues.
Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
Immature, nucleated ERYTHROCYTES occupying the stage of ERYTHROPOIESIS that follows formation of ERYTHROID PRECURSOR CELLS and precedes formation of RETICULOCYTES. The normal series is called normoblasts. Cells called MEGALOBLASTS are a pathologic series of erythroblasts.
The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.
Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.
Hemoglobins characterized by structural alterations within the molecule. The alteration can be either absence, addition or substitution of one or more amino acids in the globin part of the molecule at selected positions in the polypeptide chains.
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.
The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
A commonly occurring abnormal hemoglobin in which lysine replaces a glutamic acid residue at the sixth position of the beta chains. It results in reduced plasticity of erythrocytes.
Normal adult human hemoglobin. The globin moiety consists of two alpha and two beta chains.
Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.
The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.
A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes.
The larger fragment generated from the cleavage of COMPLEMENT C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. It is a constituent of the ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C3bBb), and COMPLEMENT C5 CONVERTASES in both the classical (C4b2a3b) and the alternative (C3bBb3b) pathway. C3b participates in IMMUNE ADHERENCE REACTION and enhances PHAGOCYTOSIS. It can be inactivated (iC3b) or cleaved by various proteases to yield fragments such as COMPLEMENT C3C; COMPLEMENT C3D; C3e; C3f; and C3g.
Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.
An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is present in many animal cells. A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA.
Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.
A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.
An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518)
A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.
Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
The residual portion of BLOOD that is left after removal of BLOOD CELLS by CENTRIFUGATION without prior BLOOD COAGULATION.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
A phenomenon manifested by an agent or substance adhering to or being adsorbed on the surface of a red blood cell, as tuberculin can be adsorbed on red blood cells under certain conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed)
A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles dureni.
A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.
Multinucleate cells or a stage in the development of sporozoan protozoa. It is exemplified by the life cycle of PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM in the MALARIA infection cycle.
The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
The clumping together of suspended material resulting from the action of AGGLUTININS.
A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.

Thiamine deficiency is prevalent in a selected group of urban Indonesian elderly people. (1/16882)

This cross-sectional study involved 204 elderly individuals (93 males and 111 females). Subjects were randomly recruited using a list on which all 60-75 y-old-people living in seven sub-villages in Jakarta were included. The usual food intake was estimated using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. Hemoglobin, plasma retinol, vitamin B-12, red blood cell folate and the percentage stimulation of erythrocyte transketolase (ETK), as an indicator of thiamine status, were analyzed. Median energy intake was below the assessed requirement. More than 75% of the subjects had iron and thiamine intakes of approximately 2/3 of the recommended daily intake, and 20.2% of the study population had folate intake of approximately 2/3 of the recommended daily intake. Intakes of vitamins A and B-12 were adequate. Biochemical assessments demonstrated that 36.6% of the subjects had low thiamine levels (ETK stimulation > 25%). The elderly men tended to have lower thiamine levels than the elderly women. The overall prevalence of anemia was 28.9%, and the elderly women were affected more than the elderly men. Low biochemical status of vitamins A, B-12 and RBC folate was found in 5.4%, 8.8 % and 2.9% of the subjects, respectively. Dietary intakes of thiamine and folate were associated with ETK stimulation and plasma vitamin B-12 concentration (r = 0.176, P = 0.012 and r = 0.77, P = 0.001), respectively. Results of this study suggest that anemia, thiamine and possibly vitamin B-12 deficiency are prevalent in the elderly living in Indonesia. Clearly, micronutrient supplementation may be beneficial for the Indonesian elderly population living in underprivileged areas.  (+info)

Regulation of AMP deaminase from chicken erythrocytes. A kinetic study of the allosteric interactions. (2/16882)

The allosteric properties of AMP deaminase [EC 3.5.4.6] from chicken erythrocytes have been qualitatively and quantitatively accounted for by the concerted transition theory of Monod et al., on the assumption that this enzyme has different numbers of binding sites for each ligand. Theoretical curves yield a satisfactory fit for all experimental saturation functions with respect to activation by alkali metals and inhibition by Pi, assuming that the numbers of binding sites for AMP, alkali metals, and Pi are 4, 2, and 4, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by concentrations of ATP and GTP below 0.1 and 0.25 mM, respectively, whereas activation of the enzyme was observed at ATP and GTP concentrations above 0.4 and 1.5 mM, respectively. These unusual kinetics with respect to ATP and GTP could be also accounted for by assuming 2 inhibitory and 4 activating sites for each ligand.  (+info)

Regulation of chicken erythrocyte AMP deaminase by phytic acid. (3/16882)

AMP deaminase [EC 3.5.6.4] purified from chicken erythrocytes was inhibited by phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate), which is the principal organic phosphate in chicken red cells. Kinetic analysis has indicated that this inhibition is of an allosteric type. The estimated Ki value was within the normal range of phytic acid concentration, suggesting that this compound acts as a physiological effector. Divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ were shown to affect AMP deaminase by potentiating inhibition by lower concentrations of phytic acid, and by relieving the inhibition at higher concentrations of phytic acid. These results suggests that Ca2+ and Mg2+ can modify the inhibition of AMP deaminase by phytic acid in chicken red cells.  (+info)

H5 Histone and DNA-relaxing enzyme of chicken erythrocytes. Interaction with superhelical DNA. (4/16882)

The interaction of closed circular duplex DNA with the lysine-rich H5 histone fraction of avian erythrocytes has been studied. H5, like H1 histone, interacts preferentially with superhelical DNA. The extent of interaction increases with increasing negative or positive superhelicity. Salt-extracted lysine-rich histones show the same specificity for interaction with superhelices as do acid-extracted preparations. Chicken erythrocyte nuclei contain DNA-relaxing enzyme. This enzyme is extracted from the nuclei at lower salt concentrations than those required to extract H1 and H5 histones and is, therefore, probably a function of a protein distinct from H1 and H5 histones.  (+info)

Changes in haematological parameters and iron metabolism associated with a 1600 kilometre ultramarathon. (5/16882)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate haematological variations and iron related changes in the serum of participants in a 1600 kilometre ultramarathon run. PARTICIPANTS: Seven male and two female participants in a 1600 km foot race. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from the participants before, after four and 11 days of running, and at the end of the event. Samples were analysed by standard methods for haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total red cell count, mean red cell volume, mean red cell haemoglobin, total white cell count and differential, platelets, reticulocytes, iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity, percentage transferrin saturation, haptoglobin, and bilirubin and corrected for changes in plasma volume. RESULTS: The following variables decreased during the event (p < 0.05): haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean red cell volume, percentage lymphocytes, percentage monocytes, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and percentage transferrin saturation. Increases (p < 0.05) were found in plasma volume, total red cell count (day 4 only), total white cell count, percentage and absolute numbers of neutrophils and reticulocytes, absolute numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes (day 4 only), absolute numbers of eosinophils (day 11 and race end), absolute numbers of basophils (race end only), platelets, ferritin, haptoglobin, and bilirubin (day 4 only). CONCLUSION: Ultramarathon running is associated with a wide range of changes in haematological parameters, many of which are related to the normal acute phase response to injury. These should not be confused with indicators of disease.  (+info)

Preparation of antibodies directed to the Babesia ovata- or Theileria sergenti-parasitized erythrocytes. (6/16882)

To investigate the surface antigens of the bovine red blood cells (RBCs) parasitized by Babesia ovata or Theileria sergenti, attempts were made to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with BALB/c mice. Comparable numbers of hybridomas producing anti-piroplasm mAbs, as well as anti-bovine RBC mAbs, were obtained from the mice immunized with B. ovata- or T. sergenti-PRBCs. However, mAbs directed to the surface of parasitized RBCs (PRBCs) were obtained only from the mice immunized with B. ovata-PRBCs, but not from those immunized with T. sergenti-PRBCs. When serum samples from the immunized mice and the infected cattle were examined, antibodies recognizing B. ovata-PRBC surface were detected in the sera against B. ovata, but analogous antibodies were undetectable in the sera against T. sergenti, despite that the sera showed substantial antibody titers to T. sergenti piroplasms. The results suggest that significant antigenic modifications occur on the surface of B. ovata-PRBCs, but not on the surface of T. sergenti-PRBCs.  (+info)

Evidence for a correlation between the number of marginal band microtubules and the size of vertebrate erthrocytes. (7/16882)

In 23 species of vertebrates the dimensions of erythrocytes and the number of their marginal band microtubules were examined. A positive correlation was found between the size of erythrocytes and the number of microtubules. The absence of microtubules in diskoid erythrocytes of mammals-Camelidae-is discussed.  (+info)

Methemoglobin formation by hydroxylamine metabolites of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone: implications for differences in adverse drug reactions. (8/16882)

Differences in the incidence of adverse drug reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and dapsone may result from differences in the formation, disposition, toxicity, and/or detoxification of their hydroxylamine metabolites. In this study, we examine whether differences in the biochemical processing of sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine (SMX-NOH) and dapsone hydroxylamine (DDS-NOH) by erythrocytes [red blood cells (RBCs)] contribute to this differential incidence. The methemoglobin (MetHgb)-forming capacity of both metabolites was compared after a 60-min incubation with washed RBCs from four healthy human volunteers. DDS-NOH was significantly more potent (P =.004) but equally efficacious with SMX-NOH in its ability to form MetHgb. The elimination of potential differences in disposition by lysing RBCs did not change the MetHgb-forming potency of either hydroxylamine. At pharmacologically relevant concentrations, greater reduction to the parent amine occurred with DDS-NOH. Maintenance of MetHgb-forming potency was dependent on recycling with glutathione, but no difference in cycling efficiency was observed between DDS-NOH and SMX-NOH. In contrast, the pharmacodynamics of hydroxylamine-induced MetHgb formation were not changed by pretreatment with the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor epiandrosterone or by compounds that alter normal antioxidant enzyme activity. Methylene blue, which stimulates NADPH-dependent MetHgb reductase activity, decreased MetHgb levels but did not alter the differential potency of these hydroxylamines. DDS-NOH was also significantly more potent when incubated with purified human hemoglobin A0. Collectively, these data suggest that the inherently greater reactivity of DDS-NOH with hemoglobin, the greater conversion of DDS-NOH to its parent amine, and potential differences in disposition of hydroxylamine metabolites may contribute to the preferential development of dapsone-induced hemotoxicity and sulfamethoxazole-induced hypersensitivity reactions.  (+info)

There are two main types of hemolysis:

1. Intravascular hemolysis: This type occurs within the blood vessels and is caused by factors such as mechanical injury, oxidative stress, and certain infections.
2. Extravascular hemolysis: This type occurs outside the blood vessels and is caused by factors such as bone marrow disorders, splenic rupture, and certain medications.

Hemolytic anemia is a condition that occurs when there is excessive hemolysis of RBCs, leading to a decrease in the number of healthy red blood cells in the body. This can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

Some common causes of hemolysis include:

1. Genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.
2. Autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA).
3. Infections such as malaria, babesiosis, and toxoplasmosis.
4. Medications such as antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and blood thinners.
5. Bone marrow disorders such as aplastic anemia and myelofibrosis.
6. Splenic rupture or surgical removal of the spleen.
7. Mechanical injury to the blood vessels.

Diagnosis of hemolysis is based on a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as complete blood count (CBC), blood smear examination, and direct Coombs test. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include supportive care, blood transfusions, and medications to suppress the immune system or prevent infection.

Symptoms of hemolytic anemia may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches, and pale or yellowish skin. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but may include blood transfusions, medication to suppress the immune system, antibiotics for infections, and removal of the spleen (splenectomy) in severe cases.

Prevention strategies for hemolytic anemia include avoiding triggers such as certain medications or infections, maintaining good hygiene practices, and seeking early medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

It is important to note that while hemolytic anemia can be managed with proper treatment, it may not be curable in all cases, and ongoing monitoring and care are necessary to prevent complications and improve quality of life.

Sickle cell anemia is caused by mutations in the HBB gene that codes for hemoglobin. The most common mutation is a point mutation at position 6, which replaces the glutamic acid amino acid with a valine (Glu6Val). This substitution causes the hemoglobin molecule to be unstable and prone to forming sickle-shaped cells.

The hallmark symptom of sickle cell anemia is anemia, which is a low number of healthy red blood cells. People with the condition may also experience fatigue, weakness, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), infections, and episodes of severe pain. Sickle cell anemia can also increase the risk of stroke, heart disease, and other complications.

Sickle cell anemia is diagnosed through blood tests that measure hemoglobin levels and the presence of sickle cells. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms and preventing complications with medications, blood transfusions, and antibiotics. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may be recommended.

Prevention of sickle cell anemia primarily involves avoiding the genetic mutations that cause the condition. This can be done through genetic counseling and testing for individuals who have a family history of the condition or are at risk of inheriting it. Prenatal testing is also available for pregnant women who may be carriers of the condition.

Overall, sickle cell anemia is a serious genetic disorder that can significantly impact quality of life and life expectancy if left untreated. However, with proper management and care, individuals with the condition can lead fulfilling lives and manage their symptoms effectively.

Falciparum malaria can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, the disease can lead to anemia, organ failure, and death.

Diagnosis of falciparum malaria typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests to detect the presence of parasites in the blood or other bodily fluids. Treatment usually involves the use of antimalarial drugs, such as artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) or quinine, which can effectively cure the disease if administered promptly.

Prevention of falciparum malaria is critical to reducing the risk of infection, and this includes the use of insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying (IRS), and preventive medications for travelers to high-risk areas. Eliminating standing water around homes and communities can also help reduce the number of mosquitoes and the spread of the disease.

In summary, falciparum malaria is a severe and life-threatening form of malaria caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, which is responsible for the majority of malaria-related deaths worldwide. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and death from this disease. Prevention measures include the use of bed nets, indoor spraying, and preventive medications, as well as reducing standing water around homes and communities.

There are several different types of malaria, including:

1. Plasmodium falciparum: This is the most severe form of malaria, and it can be fatal if left untreated. It is found in many parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
2. Plasmodium vivax: This type of malaria is less severe than P. falciparum, but it can still cause serious complications if left untreated. It is found in many parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
3. Plasmodium ovale: This type of malaria is similar to P. vivax, but it can cause more severe symptoms in some people. It is found primarily in West Africa.
4. Plasmodium malariae: This type of malaria is less common than the other three types, and it tends to cause milder symptoms. It is found primarily in parts of Africa and Asia.

The symptoms of malaria can vary depending on the type of parasite that is causing the infection, but they typically include:

1. Fever
2. Chills
3. Headache
4. Muscle and joint pain
5. Fatigue
6. Nausea and vomiting
7. Diarrhea
8. Anemia (low red blood cell count)

If malaria is not treated promptly, it can lead to more severe complications, such as:

1. Seizures
2. Coma
3. Respiratory failure
4. Kidney failure
5. Liver failure
6. Anemia (low red blood cell count)

Malaria is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, such as blood smears or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Treatment for malaria typically involves the use of antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine or artemisinin-based combination therapies. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage complications and provide supportive care.

Prevention is an important aspect of managing malaria, and this can include:

1. Using insecticide-treated bed nets
2. Wearing protective clothing and applying insect repellent when outdoors
3. Eliminating standing water around homes and communities to reduce the number of mosquito breeding sites
4. Using indoor residual spraying (IRS) or insecticide-treated wall lining to kill mosquitoes
5. Implementing malaria control measures in areas where malaria is common, such as distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS)
6. Improving access to healthcare services, particularly in rural and remote areas
7. Providing education and awareness about malaria prevention and control
8. Encouraging the use of preventive medications, such as intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) for pregnant women and children under the age of five.

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical in preventing the progression of malaria and reducing the risk of complications and death. In areas where malaria is common, it is essential to have access to reliable diagnostic tools and effective antimalarial drugs.

Also known as: Hereditary spherocytosis (HSS)

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The condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning that the gene for G6PD deficiency is located on the X chromosome and affects males more frequently than females. Females may also be affected but typically have milder symptoms or may be carriers of the condition without experiencing any symptoms themselves.

G6PD deficiency can be caused by mutations in the G6PD gene, which can lead to a reduction in the amount of functional enzyme produced. The severity of the condition depends on the specific nature of the mutation and the degree to which it reduces the activity of the enzyme.

Symptoms of G6PD deficiency may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, the condition can lead to hemolytic anemia, which is characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells. This can be triggered by certain drugs, infections, or foods that contain high levels of oxalic acid or other oxidizing agents.

Diagnosis of G6PD deficiency typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and genetic analysis. Treatment is focused on managing symptoms and preventing complications through dietary modifications, medications, and avoidance of triggers such as certain drugs or infections.

Overall, G6PD deficiency is a relatively common genetic disorder that can have significant health implications if left untreated. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this condition is important for ensuring appropriate care and management for individuals affected by it.

The disorder is caused by mutations in the HBB gene that codes for the beta-globin subunit of hemoglobin. These mutations result in the production of abnormal hemoglobins that are unstable and prone to breakdown, leading to the release of free hemoglobin into the urine.

HP is classified into two types based on the severity of symptoms:

1. Type 1 HP: This is the most common form of the disorder and is characterized by mild to moderate anemia, occasional hemoglobinuria, and a normal life expectancy.
2. Type 2 HP: This is a more severe form of the disorder and is characterized by severe anemia, recurrent hemoglobinuria, and a shorter life expectancy.

There is no cure for HP, but treatment options are available to manage symptoms and prevent complications. These may include blood transfusions, folic acid supplements, and medications to reduce the frequency and severity of hemoglobinuria episodes.

The main symptoms of hereditary elliptocytosis are mild anemia, fatigue, jaundice, and splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen). The disorder can also cause recurrent infections, including bacterial infections such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections. In severe cases, hereditary elliptocytosis can lead to a condition called hemolytic anemia, which is characterized by the premature destruction of RBCs.

Hereditary elliptocytosis is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, including blood smears and genetic analysis. Treatment for the disorder is generally focused on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include blood transfusions, antibiotics to treat infections, and splenectomy (removal of the spleen) in severe cases.

The prognosis for hereditary elliptocytosis is generally good, with most individuals leading normal lives with proper management and care. However, the disorder can be inherited by children of affected parents, and genetic counseling may be helpful for families who have a history of the condition.

There are many different types of anemia, each with its own set of causes and symptoms. Some common types of anemia include:

1. Iron-deficiency anemia: This is the most common type of anemia and is caused by a lack of iron in the diet or a problem with the body's ability to absorb iron. Iron is essential for making hemoglobin.
2. Vitamin deficiency anemia: This type of anemia is caused by a lack of vitamins, such as vitamin B12 or folate, that are necessary for red blood cell production.
3. Anemia of chronic disease: This type of anemia is seen in people with chronic diseases, such as kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.
4. Sickle cell anemia: This is a genetic disorder that affects the structure of hemoglobin and causes red blood cells to be shaped like crescents or sickles.
5. Thalassemia: This is a genetic disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin and can cause anemia, fatigue, and other health problems.

The symptoms of anemia can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and dizziness or lightheadedness. Anemia can be diagnosed with a blood test that measures the number and size of red blood cells, as well as the levels of hemoglobin and other nutrients.

Treatment for anemia depends on the underlying cause of the condition. In some cases, dietary changes or supplements may be sufficient to treat anemia. For example, people with iron-deficiency anemia may need to increase their intake of iron-rich foods or take iron supplements. In other cases, medical treatment may be necessary to address underlying conditions such as kidney disease or cancer.

Preventing anemia is important for maintaining good health and preventing complications. To prevent anemia, it is important to eat a balanced diet that includes plenty of iron-rich foods, vitamin C-rich foods, and other essential nutrients. It is also important to avoid certain substances that can interfere with the absorption of nutrients, such as alcohol and caffeine. Additionally, it is important to manage any underlying medical conditions and seek medical attention if symptoms of anemia persist or worsen over time.

In conclusion, anemia is a common blood disorder that can have significant health implications if left untreated. It is important to be aware of the different types of anemia, their causes, and symptoms in order to seek medical attention if necessary. With proper diagnosis and treatment, many cases of anemia can be successfully managed and prevented.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a specific type of hemolytic anemia that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys red blood cells. This can happen due to various underlying causes such as infections, certain medications, and some types of cancer.

In autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the immune system produces antibodies that coat the surface of red blood cells and mark them for destruction by other immune cells called complement proteins. This leads to the premature destruction of red blood cells in the spleen, liver, and other organs.

Symptoms of autoimmune hemolytic anemia can include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and a pale or yellowish complexion. Treatment options for AIHA depend on the underlying cause of the disorder, but may include medications to suppress the immune system, plasmapheresis to remove antibodies from the blood, and in severe cases, splenectomy (removal of the spleen) or bone marrow transplantation.

In summary, autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a type of hemolytic anemia that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys red blood cells, leading to premature destruction of red blood cells and various symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and jaundice. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause of the disorder and may include medications, plasmapheresis, and in severe cases, splenectomy or bone marrow transplantation.

... or E-rosetting is a phenomenon seen through a microscope where red blood cells (erythrocytes) are ... Erythrocyte antibody rosetting (EA-rosetting), occurs when an antibody molecule that is specific for an epitope on another cell ... Erythrocyte antibody complement rosetting (EAC-rosetting), occurs when antibody in the presence of complement is bound to the ... with Anti-CD3-Coupled Sheep Erythrocytes". Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. 27 (5): 609-613. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988. ...
... refers to the ability of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) to change shape under a given level of ... Decreased Erythrocyte Deformability After Transfusion and the Effects of Erythrocyte Storage Duration, Anesth Analg, published ... This viscoelastic behavior of erythrocytes is determined by the following three properties: 1) Geometry of erythrocytes; the ... 3) Visco-elastic properties of erythrocyte membrane, mainly determined by the special membrane skeletal network of erythrocytes ...
... is the reversible clumping of red blood cells (RBCs) under low shear forces or at stasis. Erythrocytes ... Erythrocyte aggregation is a physiological phenomenon that takes places in normal blood under low-flow conditions or at stasis ... Influence of erythrocyte aggregation on in vivo blood flow is still a controversial issue. Enhanced aggregation affects venous ... Erythrocyte sedimentation rate closely reflects the extent of aggregation, therefore can be used as a measure of aggregation. ...
... refers to the propensity of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) to hemolyse (rupture) under stress. It ... Uses of erythrocyte mechanical fragility can include diagnostic testing, calibrations to aid comparisons of hemolysis caused by ... For example, photons or radicals can induce hemolysis.Erythrocytes/RBC may also be tested for related membrane properties aside ... from fragility, including erythrocyte deformability and cell morphology. Morphology can be measured by indexes which ...
... (ESR) is the measure of ability of erythrocytes (red blood cell) to fall through the blood ... The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate) is the rate at which red blood cells in anticoagulated whole blood descend ... The rate of erythrocyte sedimentation is affected by both inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. In inflammatory ... "Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)". labtestsonline.org. Retrieved 2019-12-12. Saha, Amit K; Schmidt, Brendan R; Wilhelmy, ...
"Identification of the erythrocyte binding domains of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi proteins involved in erythrocyte ... Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is a family of proteins present on the membrane surface of red ... Mayer C, Slater L, Erat MC, Konrat R, Vakonakis I (March 2012). "Structural analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte ... Rowe JA, Moulds JM, Newbold CI, Miller LH (July 1997). "P. falciparum rosetting mediated by a parasite-variant erythrocyte ...
The erythrocyte binding antigen 175 of P. falciparum recognises the terminal Neu5Ac(alpha 2-3)Gal-sequences of glycophorin A. ... V) human erythrocytes". Eur. J. Biochem. 184 (2): 337-44. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15024.x. PMID 2792104. Tate CG, Tanner ... There are about one million copies of this protein per erythrocyte. The MNS blood group was the second set of antigens ... Blanchard D, Asseraf A, Prigent MJ, Cartron JP (August 1983). "Miltenberger Class I and II erythrocytes carry a variant of ...
Is rare in erythrocytes. Furmaga, Stanisław (1983). Choroby pasożytnicze zwierząt domowych. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo ...
The species parasitises erythrocytes. It is heteroxenous with merogony and gamogony in the vertebrate host. Fertilization and ... Meronts: These occur in erythrocytes. 5-32 merozoites are produced by budding. Gamonts: These are spheroid or ovoid. Landau I, ...
The parasite infects erythrocytes. This species is found in Europe and probably in Africa. The organism was isolated from great ...
Erythrocyte > cardiomyocyte). Some cells that are very closely related may have similar INMs, but transient changes in ...
"Soft erythrocyte-based bacterial microswimmers for cargo delivery". Science Robotics. 3 (17). doi:10.1126/scirobotics.aar4423. ... "Turning Erythrocytes into Functional Micromotors". ACS Nano. 8 (12): 12041-12048. doi:10.1021/nn506200x. PMC 4386663. PMID ...
... benzenesulfonate binding by membrane proteins and the inhibition of water transport in human erythrocytes". Biochemistry. 25 (7 ... "Water permeability of human erythrocytes. Identification of membrane proteins involved in water transport". European Journal of ...
"Bartonella henselae infects human erythrocytes." Ultrastructural pathology 31.6 (2007): 369-372. Zangwill, Kenneth M., et al. " ...
This occurs within the erythrocytes. Secondary merogony produces 6 smaller merozoites that are destined to become ...
In the case of erythrocytes, if the PPP is non-functional, then the oxidative stress in the cell will lead to cell lysis and ... Krohne-Ehrich G, Schirmer RH, Untucht-Grau R (1978). "Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes. Isolation of the enzyme ... Glutathione reductase deficiency is a rare disorder in which the glutathione reductase activity is absent from erythrocytes, ... Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes is a homodimer consisting of 52Kd monomers, each containing 3 domains. GR ...
Majerus, P. W.; Brauner, M. J.; Smith, M. B.; Minnich, V. (August 1971). "Glutathione synthesis in human erythrocytes. II. ... "Glutathione biosynthesis in human erythrocytes. I. Identification of the enzymes of glutathione synthesis in hemolysates". The ...
The infected erythrocytes are pale. This species was described in Malawi. The parasite was found in the blood of two antelopes ...
Can occur hemolysis and erythrocytes. It occurs mostly in moist soil in shade, at the height of 1000-3000 m as climbs over ...
... benzenesulfonate binding by membrane proteins and the inhibition of water transport in human erythrocytes". Biochemistry. 25 (7 ... "Water permeability of human erythrocytes. Identification of membrane proteins involved in water transport". European Journal of ...
Partial purification analysis has shown that human erythrocytes contain phosphoglycolate phosphatase as a cytoplasmic dimeric ... In 1977, Badwey first demonstrated phosphoglycolate phosphatase activity in human erythrocytes and speculated that the enzyme's ... Badwey JA (April 1977). "Phosphoglycolate phosphatase in human erythrocytes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 252 (7): ... Rose ZB, Liebowitz J (June 1970). "2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase from human erythrocytes. General properties and ...
Zhang, Haijun (2016). "Erythrocytes in nanomedicine: An optimal blend of natural and synthetic materials". Biomater. Sci. 4 (7 ... Hu, Che-Ming J.; Fang, Ronnie H.; Zhang, Liangfang (2012). "Erythrocyte-Inspired Delivery Systems". Advanced Healthcare ... Gupta, Nilesh; Patel, Brijeshkumar; Ahsan, Fakhrul (2014). "Nano-Engineered Erythrocyte Ghosts as Inhalational Carriers for ... "Soft erythrocyte-based bacterial microswimmers for cargo delivery". Science Robotics. 3 (17). doi:10.1126/scirobotics.aar4423. ...
... degree Celsius Erythrocyte cell count in patient blood NPU01960 Blood-Erythrocytes; number concentration = ? x 1012 per litre ... C (Code: NPU08676) B-Erythrocytes; num.c. = ? × 1012/L (Code: NPU01960) P-Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain; mass c. = ? μg/L ( ...
Rickli, E E; Edsall, J. T.; Ghazanfar, A S S; Gibbons, B H (1964). "Carbonic anhydrases from human erythrocytes". J. Biol. Chem ...
E: erythrocyte. Endo: endothelial cell. D: dendritic cell. FDC: follicular dendritic cell. Mac: macrophage. MC: mast cell. M0: ...
Gilles AM, Presecan E, Vonica A, Lascu I (1991). "Nucleoside diphosphate kinase from human erythrocytes. Structural ...
Antarctic icefish also have very few erythrocytes. It is believed they benefit from loss of reliance on haemoglobin-containing ... Ruud, Johan T. (1954). "Vertebrates without erythrocytes and blood pigment". Nature. 173 (4410): 848-50. Bibcode:1954Natur.173 ... erythrocytes for oxygen transport by having less viscous, more easily pumped blood. They compensate for this loss by having ...
... of erythrocytes; 102900; PKLR Adenylosuccinase deficiency; 103050; ADSL Adiponectin deficiency; 612556; ADIPOQ Adrenal cortical ... SCN9A Erythrocyte lactate transporter defect; 245340; SLC16A1 Erythrocytosis, familial, 3; 609820; EGLN1 Erythrocytosis, ...
Reid ME, Lomas-Francis C (23 December 2015). "Chapter 136: Erythrocytes Antigens and Antibodies". Williams hematology (9th ed ...
SAO is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the erythrocyte band 3 protein. There is a deletion of codons 400-408 in the ... Jarolim P, Palek J, Amato D, Hassan K, Sapak P, Nurse GT, Rubin HL, Zhai S, Sahr KE, Liu SC (1991). "Deletion in erythrocyte ... HbE erythrocytes have an unidentified membrane abnormality that renders the majority of the RBC population relatively resistant ... Föller M, Bobbala D, Koka S, Huber SM, Gulbins E, Lang F (2009). "Suicide for survival--death of infected erythrocytes as a ...
The presence of erythrocytes within hepatocytes is seen on rare occasions. It is not known for sure why or how intact ... Several hepatocytes contain erythrocytes. The nucleus is of normal size while the cytoplasmic mass is markedly enlarged with ... Low magnification of a liver in which multiple small collections of erythrocytes that resemble peliosis can be seen. These ... In addition to an hepatocytes filled with erythrocytes, there is accumulation of pigment within Kupffer cells (macrophages). ...
Guinea pig erythrocytes lose their D-glucose carrier functions during development. Good correlation was observed between the ... The developmental changes in the capacity for D-glucose transport of guinea pig erythrocyte membranes were compared to ... of D-glucose transport capacity during development is caused by the loss of one or more protein components from the erythrocyte ... in liposomes resulted in a parallel change in the D-glucose uptake and D-glucose penetration of intact erythrocytes. This ...
... enlarged hepatocytes are filled and expanded by numerous erythrocytes. Speculation that this change occurs by ... Intrahepatocellular erythrocytes are uncommon and may be seen as a spontaneous change in aging mice. However, in some NTP ... Liver - Intrahepatocellular Erythrocytes Narrative. Comment:. Intrahepatocellular erythrocytes are uncommon and may be seen as ... Internalization of erythrocytes into liver parenchymal cells in naturally hibernating frogs (Rana esculenta L.). J Exp Zool 258 ...
LB2EPP - Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (ug/dL RBC). Variable Name: LB2EPP. SAS Label: Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (ug/dL RBC). ... Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (umol/L RBC). English Text: Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (umol/L RBC). Target: Both males and females ... Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin (LBXEPP) Note: Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin was performed at Centers for Disease Control and ... Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (ug/dL RBC). Target: Both males and females 16 YEARS - 69 YEARS. Hard Edits: 0 to 9999. Code or ...
An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test measures how quickly red blood cells settle to the bottom of a test tube. It can ... What is an Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that that can show if ... Erythrocytes are red blood cells. To do an ESR test, a sample of your blood is sent to a lab. A health care professional places ... Sed Rate (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate or ESR) Test; [reviewed 2018 Mar 14; cited 2022 Mar 17]; [about 5 screens]. Available ...
Here, we use atomic force microscopy for mechanical characterization of erythrocyte, or red blood cell (RBC), EVs from healthy ... EVs from red blood cells (erythrocytes, RBCs) are released both in vivo as well as under blood bank storage conditions7. A ... Erythrocyte vesiculation: A self-protective mechanism? Br. J. Haematol. 141, 549-556 (2008). ... Brochard, F. & Lennon, J. F. Frequency spectrum of the flicker phenomenon in erythrocytes. J. Phys. 36, 1035-1047 (1975). ...
Effect of Lysolecithin on Bovine Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility Subject Area: Hematology , Oncology ... S.R. Garfin, M.A. Shea, E.F. Bernstein; Effect of Lysolecithin on Bovine Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility. Acta Haematol 1 ...
Miller, Louis H. (‎1977)‎. Hypothesis on the mechanism of erythrocyte invasion by malaria merozoites. Bulletin of the World ...
Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to hyaluronic acid in placental malaria.. Beeson JG, Rogerson SJ, Cooke ... Infection with Plasmodium falciparum during pregnancy leads to the accumulation of parasite-infected erythrocytes in the ... Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to hyaluronic acid in placental malaria. ... or treatment of infected erythrocytes with trypsin. In vitro flow-based assays demonstrated that high levels of adhesion ...
Estimation of Cholinesterase Activity (EC 3.1.1.7; 3.1.1.8) in Undiluted Plasma and Erythrocytes as a Tool for Measuring In ...
Modulation of spectrin-actin assembly by erythrocyte adducin. ... Adducin may be involved in the action of Ca2+ on erythrocyte ... Modulation of spectrin-actin assembly by erythrocyte adducin. Journal Article (Journal Article) ... A membrane-skeleton-associated calmodulin-binding protein of erythrocytes is a major substrate for Ca2+- and phospholipid- ... determines the shape and mechanical properties of erythrocytes. Spectrin, the most abundant component of this assembly, is an ...
Keywords: Erythrocyte enzyme; Glycemia; Grape polyphenol; Redox homeostasis; Tropical juice; V labrusca L.. ... Blood samples were obtained before and 1 hour after acute intake and analyzed for erythrocyte reduced glutathione, serum total ... increases antioxidants in plasma and erythrocytes, but not glucose and uric acid levels, in healthy individuals Isabela Maia ... increases antioxidants in plasma and erythrocytes, but not glucose and uric acid levels, in healthy individuals Isabela Maia ...
ageing, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, general population, low-grade inflammation, mortality Persistent URL doi.org/10.1111/ ... Erythrocyte sedimentation rate as an independent prognostic marker for mortality: a prospective population-based cohort study. ... 2018). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate as an independent prognostic marker for mortality: a prospective population-based cohort ... Background: A very high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is usually an indication of underlying pathology. Additionally, a ...
Comparison of erythrocyte indices to differentiate between iron deficiency and alpha-thalassaemias in children with ... For the calculated erythrocyte indices, we used the cut-off values commonly described in the literature to study their ... ABSTRACT Erythrocyte indices used to differentiate between iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and thalassaemias have been studied ... Comparison of erythrocyte indices to differentiate between iron deficiency and alpha-thalassaemias in children with ...
The same subset and, to a lesser extent, the intermediate population, efficiently cleared damaged erythrocytes in vitro and ... Classical and intermediate monocytes scavenge non-transferrin-bound iron and damaged erythrocytes. ... Classical and intermediate monocytes scavenge non-transferrin-bound iron and damaged erythrocytes. ... and receptors for damaged erythrocytes. Consequently, classical monocytes displayed superior scavenging capabilities of ...
Erythrocyte survival in severe falciparum malaria Looareesuwan S., Davis TME., Pukrittayakamee S., Supanaranond W., Desakorn V ...
... and membranes of schizont-infected erythrocytes from the Malaysian and Philippine strain of Plasmodium knowlesi are analyzed i ... Two plasmodium-specific antigens (1 and 13) on the surface of infected erythrocytes are recognized by sera of rhesus monkeys ... Analyses of schizonts and membranes of parasitized erythrocytes of the two different strains of P. knowlesi yields only some ... Only three parasite-specific components (1, 13, and 19) are exposed on the surface of parasitized erythrocytes as revealed by ...
The influence of handling and erythrocyte resuspension on erythrocyte ligand affinity and β-adrenoreceptor density. Erythrocyte ... The influence of handling and erythrocyte resuspension on erythrocyte ligand affinity and β-adrenoreceptor density. Erythrocyte ... An example of [3H]CGP (A) and [3H]DHA (B) binding to the erythrocytes of one rainbow trout. Erythrocytes were incubated in the ... An example of [3H]CGP (A) and [3H]DHA (B) binding to the erythrocytes of one rainbow trout. Erythrocytes were incubated in the ...
Erythrocytes. Erythrocyte Count 2. On the identity of the red blood corpuscles in different races of mankind ... Erythrocytes. Erythrocyte Indices. Continental Population Groups 3. The effect of dilute solutions of chromic acid and acid ... Erythrocytes 7. Ueber den Bau der rothen Blutkoerperchen Author(s): Brücke, Ernst Wilhelm von, 1819-1892, author Publication: ... Erythrocytes. Staining and Labeling. Uric Acid. Chromium Compounds 4. Studies of Living Human Blood Cells ...
Church, J.A., Nyamako, L., Olupot-Olupot, P. et al. Increased adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes to ICAM-1 ... Increased adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes to ICAM-1 in children with acute intestinal injury. *James A ... Adhesion was quantified in vitro by measuring rosetting of iRBCs with uninfected erythrocytes as well as their binding to ... Increased adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes to ICAM-1 in children with acute intestinal injury ...
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Carrier erythrocytes have been evaluated in thousands of drug administration in humans proving safety and efficacy of the ... Carrier erythrocytes, resealed erythrocytes loaded by a drug or other therapeutic agents. Erythrocytes mediated drug delivery ... Resealed erythrocytes: A novel carrier. Author(s):. Supriya Pathak, Manoj Kumar Mishra, Md. Amman Maqbool, Adarsh Kesharwani ... Carrier erythrocytes have been evaluated in thousands of drug administration in humans proving safety and efficacy of the ...
... enlarged hepatocytes are filled and expanded by numerous erythrocytes. Speculation that this change occurs by ... Intrahepatocellular erythrocytes are uncommon and may be seen as a spontaneous change in aging mice. However, in some NTP ... Liver - Intrahepatocellular Erythrocytes Narrative. Comment:. Intrahepatocellular erythrocytes are uncommon and may be seen as ... Internalization of erythrocytes into liver parenchymal cells in naturally hibernating frogs (Rana esculenta L.). J Exp Zool 258 ...
Bai NJ, George T, Krishnamurthy S. Linoleic acid hemolysis of erythrocytes. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 1980 ...
In silico modeling and metabolome analysis of long-stored erythrocytes to improve blood storage methods」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまっ ... In silico modeling and metabolome analysis of long-stored erythrocytes to improve blood storage methods. In: Journal of ... In silico modeling and metabolome analysis of long-stored erythrocytes to improve blood storage methods. Journal of ... In silico modeling and metabolome analysis of long-stored erythrocytes to improve blood storage methods. /
We found that spontaneous hypertension in rats leads (i) to a decrease in the erythrocyte plasma membrane fluidity and (ii) to ... Detection of Hypertension-Induced Changes in Erythrocytes by SERS Nanosensors. Detection of Hypertension-Induced Changes in ... biosensing; erythrocytes; hemoglobin; nanoparticles; plasma membrane; plasmonic nanostructures; spontaneously hypertensive rats ... We applied plasmonic SERS nanosensors to assess changes in the properties of erythrocytes under normotensive and hypertensive ...
Studies on the inhibitory effects of erythrocyte band 3 protein on malarial (merozoite invasion of human erythrocytes / by ... Immunobiology of the erythrocyte / editors, S. Gerald Sandler, Jacob Nusbacher, Moses S. Schanfield; with the editorial ... Relationship of phosphorylation of membrane proteins with membrane properties of malaria-infected erythrocytes / by Temduang ...
  • What is an Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)? (medlineplus.gov)
  • An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that that can show if you have inflammation in your body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Background: A very high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is usually an indication of underlying pathology. (eur.nl)
  • The developmental changes in the capacity for D-glucose transport of guinea pig erythrocyte membranes were compared to alterations in the electrophoretic pattern of erythrocyte membrane components. (jci.org)
  • This suggests that the decrease of D-glucose transport capacity during development is caused by the loss of one or more protein components from the erythrocyte membranes. (jci.org)
  • Purified schizonts (6--10 nuclei) and membranes of schizont-infected erythrocytes from the Malaysian and Philippine strain of Plasmodium knowlesi are analyzed immunochemically using immunoglobulin of rhesus monkey hyperimmune sera against schizonts and of sera from naturally immune monkeys. (rupress.org)
  • Analyses of schizonts and membranes of parasitized erythrocytes of the two different strains of P. knowlesi yields only some minor quantitative, but no qualitative differences when analyzed with both types of antisera. (rupress.org)
  • The study aimed to detect the total cholesterol Content of Erythrocyte Membranes (CEM) and plasma Cholesterol Efflux Capacity (CEC), and to analyse its correlations with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), in attempt to explore the possible causes of increasing CEM in patients. (biomedres.info)
  • Incubation of blood with citrated and phosphate buffered saline caused a time dependent decrease of the number of intact erythrocytes in samples that was ascribed to a disintegration of erythrocyte membranes. (bionanoteam.com)
  • In rats of the older group, erythrocyte aggregation was increased, as indicated by an increase in the numberof erythrocytes that entered the aggregates in the blood and an increase in the number of most erythrocyte aggregates with a decrease in the level of free erythrocytes. (jbiochemtech.com)
  • For two-year-old rats, low content of erythrocytes-disconcytes in the blood and an excess number of erythrocytes with a modified shape, as well as an increase in their aggregation, are characteristics. (jbiochemtech.com)
  • PA-treated erythrocytes showed strong thrombogenic activities, as demonstrated by increased thrombin generation, endothelial cell adhesion, and erythrocyte aggregation. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to hyaluronic acid in placental malaria. (edu.au)
  • Infection with Plasmodium falciparum during pregnancy leads to the accumulation of parasite-infected erythrocytes in the placenta, and is associated with excess perinatal mortality, premature delivery and intrauterine growth retardation in the infant, as well as increased maternal mortality and morbidity. (edu.au)
  • Two Plasmodium knowlesi-specific antigens on the surface of schizont-infected Rhesus monkey erythrocytes induce antibody production in immune hosts. (rupress.org)
  • Two plasmodium-specific antigens (1 and 13) on the surface of infected erythrocytes are recognized by sera of rhesus monkeys rendered naturally immune against P. knowlesi infections and, therefore, represent antigens in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • Also, see the documentation for the primary exam data for Laboratory 39 (Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin). (cdc.gov)
  • Note: Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin was performed at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2001 and the State of New York Department of Health in 2002. (cdc.gov)
  • Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) is measured by a modification of the method of Sassa et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin was markedly elevated in all cases. (cdc.gov)
  • ABSTRACT Erythrocyte indices used to differentiate between iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and thalassaemias have been studied mainly in countries with a high prevalence of IDA or beta-thalassaemias. (who.int)
  • EVs from red blood cells (erythrocytes, RBCs) are released both in vivo as well as under blood bank storage conditions 7 . (nature.com)
  • abstract = "There is currently no effective method for preventing ATP and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) depletion during long-term erythrocyte storage in the cold, although these metabolites are strongly associated with cell viability and oxygen delivery after transfusion. (elsevier.com)
  • Here, we developed a mathematical model to predict metabolism in erythrocytes preserved with a mannitol-adenine-phosphate solution (MAP) at 4 °C, by modifying a published model of large-scale erythrocyte metabolism. (elsevier.com)
  • A two dimensional mathematical model of the erythrocyte shape was constructed to illustrate and explain erythrocyte swelling of intially discocytic/echinocytic shape to the final spherical shape, which preceeds membrane rupture. (bionanoteam.com)
  • published an important study that identified differences in the electrophoretic mobilities of normal and sickled erythrocytes ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In conclusion, these results suggest that PA can induce thrombogenic activities in erythrocytes through PS exposure, which can increase thrombus formation and ultimately contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Relationship of phosphorylation of membrane proteins with membrane properties of malaria-infected erythrocytes / by Temduang Limpaiboon. (who.int)
  • The same subset and, to a lesser extent, the intermediate population, efficiently cleared damaged erythrocytes in vitro and mediated erythrophagocytosis in vivo in healthy volunteers and patients having received blood transfusions. (jci.org)
  • These included the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN1), ferritin, transferrin receptor, putative transporters of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), and receptors for damaged erythrocytes. (jci.org)
  • Carrier erythrocytes have been evaluated in thousands of drug administration in humans proving safety and efficacy of the treatments. (thepharmajournal.com)
  • We found that spontaneous hypertension in rats leads (i) to a decrease in the erythrocyte plasma membrane fluidity and (ii) to a decrease in the mobility of the heme of the membrane -bound hemoglobin . (bvsalud.org)
  • In the blood of two-year-old rats, there was a decrease in the level of erythrocyte-discocytes. (jbiochemtech.com)
  • Here, we use atomic force microscopy for mechanical characterization of erythrocyte, or red blood cell (RBC), EVs from healthy individuals and from patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) due to ankyrin deficiency. (nature.com)
  • In laboratory isolates selected for specific high-level adhesion, binding to hyaluronic acid could be inhibited by dodecamer or larger oligosaccharide fragments or polysaccharides, treatment of immobilized receptor with hyaluronidase, or treatment of infected erythrocytes with trypsin. (edu.au)
  • We also performed metabolome analysis of laboratory-made MAP-stored erythrocytes using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS), which provided a comprehensive view of the metabolism dynamics. (elsevier.com)
  • Erythrocytes are a critical part of oxygen transport and both their size and shape can change in relation to species-specific life-history, behavioural or ecological conditions. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • We collected data on erythrocyte size (area) and shape (L/W: elongation ratio) from Lepidosauria across the globe (N = 235 species). (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Smaller erythrocytes were associated with the need for faster delivery (active foragers, high-altitude species, warmer body temperatures), whereas species with greater oxygen demands (diving species, viviparous species) had larger erythrocytes. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Erythrocyte size shows considerable cross-species variation, with a range of factors linked to the oxygen delivery requirements being major drivers of these differences. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Studies on the inhibitory effects of erythrocyte band 3 protein on malarial (merozoite invasion of human erythrocytes / by Vincent C. N. Okoye. (who.int)
  • This was accompanied in them by an excess content of erythrocytes in the blood, which had a changed shape to varying degrees. (jbiochemtech.com)
  • Human Erythrocytes -biotin-ProtTech Inc. (prottech.com.cn)
  • In the present study, we demonstrated that PA can enhance thrombogenic activities in human erythrocytes through phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • In freshly isolated human erythrocytes, treatment of PA or PLD induced PS exposure. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Human erythrocyte spectrin dimers associate at the N-terminal region of α-spectrin (αN) and the C-terminal region of β-spectrin (βC) to form tetramers. (lsu.edu)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Erythrocytes. (who.int)
  • An important reason for these changes is the weakening of the antioxidant protection of erythrocytes, leading to a pronounced activation of lipid peroxidation in them. (jbiochemtech.com)
  • Reconstitution of membrane preparations in liposomes resulted in a parallel change in the D-glucose uptake and D-glucose penetration of intact erythrocytes. (jci.org)
  • Only three parasite-specific components (1, 13, and 19) are exposed on the surface of parasitized erythrocytes as revealed by both lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination and extensive absorption of anti-schizont Ig using intact infected erythrocytes. (rupress.org)
  • A key future aspect for study would include within-individual plasticity and how changing states, for example, pregnancy, perhaps alter the size and shape of erythrocytes in Lepidosaurs. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • We applied plasmonic SERS nanosensors to assess changes in the properties of erythrocytes under normotensive and hypertensive conditions in the animal model . (bvsalud.org)
  • The relative abundance of different erythrocyte shape types (discocytes, echinocytes, spherically shaped erythrocytes) was determined on populations of cells, in suspensions with added carbon black nanomaterial and in control suspensions. (bionanoteam.com)
  • Micrometre-sized agglomerates were formed in the blood and interacted with erythrocyte membrane without evidently disturbing local membrane curvature or global cell shape. (bionanoteam.com)
  • Serum and erythrocyte (RBC) total folate are indicators of folate status. (nih.gov)
  • Studies of the erythrocyte spectrin tetramerization region" by Sunghyouk Park, Shahila Mehboob et al. (lsu.edu)
  • Furthermore, we assessed the influence of erythrocyte handling, suspension medium and endogenous catechol amines on B max and K D . Maximal binding was obtained when erythrocytes were handled minimally and maintained suspended in plasma rather than physiological saline. (biologists.com)
  • We identified SERS parameters that can be used to detect pathological changes in the plasma membrane and submembrane region of erythrocytes . (bvsalud.org)
  • Endogenous catecholamines, at levels considered normal for non-stressed animals, did not interfere with the radioligand binding assays, and thus eliminated the need to wash and resuspend erythrocytes. (biologists.com)
  • These channels in normal erythrocytes could then be compared to erythrocytes of an individual with PKD. (murraystate.edu)
  • The project presents results of immunohistochemical analysis of normal erythrocyte expression. (murraystate.edu)
  • Erythrocytes mediated drug delivery has been reported with therapeutic enzymes and antiviral agents to maximize therapeutic performance, reduce the side effects, as circulating depots for controlled drug release, drug targeting, treatment of parasitic diseases, hepatic tumors, removal of toxic agents etc. (thepharmajournal.com)
  • Each of these components must be considered when performing radioreceptor assays using these radioligands and this has significant implications for the interpretation of erythrocyte β -adrenoreceptor localization and mobilization. (biologists.com)
  • Here, we test whether components of the environment (altitude), life history (reproductive mode, body temperature) and behaviour (diving, foraging mode) drive erythrocyte size variation in the Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes and rhynchocephalians). (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • A comparison of the structures of erythrocyte spectrin with other published structures of Drosophila and chicken brain spectrin is discussed. (lsu.edu)
  • Polycystin 1 and Polycystin 2, if located on or in the erythrocyte, could serve as a model for the study of calcium channels. (murraystate.edu)
  • In their erythrocytes, there was an increase in lipid peroxidation caused by a weakening of the activity of their antioxidant defense. (jbiochemtech.com)