Erythrocytes
Erythrocyte Membrane
Inclusion Bodies
Erythrocyte Aging
Isolated spleen agenesis: a rare cause of thrombocytosis mimicking essential thrombocythemia. (1/13)
Thrombocytosis is a common feature of myeloproliferative disorders but may also result from various conditions including chronic iron deficiency, hemorrhage, chronic inflammation and splenectomy. We report two cases of secondary thrombocytosis caused by isolated and congenital asplenia, mimicking essential thrombocythemia. These two adult cases of spleen agenesis were unexpected. We conclude that in thrombocytosis without clinical evidence of splenomegaly, attentive screening of blood in search of Howell-Jolly bodies and abdominal ultrasonography should always be performed not only to detect mild spleen enlargement but also to make sure of the presence of this organ. (+info)A new method for studying splenic reticuloendothelial dysfunction in sickle cell disease patients and its clinical application: a brief report. (2/13)
Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy (Nomarsky optics) readily demonstrates the formation of "pits" or crater-like depressions in red cell membranes of splenectomized individuals. Splenic reticuloendothelial dysfunction characteristic of many patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) can be demonstrated by technetium spleen scans, but this technique is expensive, requires injection of radioactive material into children, and is cumbersome to perform at regular intervals. However, pit formation in red cells, which also appears to reflect splenic dysfunction, can readily be quantitated in a finger-stick blood sample using DIC microscopy. In this study, the degree of red cell pitting was compared with results of technetium spleen scans and measurements of Howell-Jolly bodies in individuals with sickle cell disease. The average pitted cell percentage in the control population was 0.5% +/- 0.5 (range 0.0-2.6) and 30.5% +/- 13.9 in the SCD population (range 2.4-71.1) (less than 0.001). Of the individuals studied with SCD, 12 also had technetium (99mTc) sulfur colloid scans and measurements of Howell-Jolly bodies. The percentage of Howell-Jolly bodies was low and did not correlate well with the degree of splenic visualization. However, there was an excellent correlation between pit count and splenic dysfunction as measured by spleen scan. Determination of red cell pitting, therefore, appears to offer a simple means for clinical evaluation of splenic reticuloendothelial function in patients with SCD. (+info)A multicenter trial of the effectiveness of zeta-globin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemoglobin H inclusion body screening for the detection of alpha0-thalassemia trait. (3/13)
(+info)Molecular basis for dominantly inherited inclusion body beta-thalassemia. (4/13)
Analysis of the molecular basis of dominantly inherited beta-thalassemia in four families has revealed different mutations involving exon 3 of the beta-globin gene. It is suggested that the phenotypic difference between this condition and the more common recessive forms of beta-thalassemia lies mainly in the length and stability of the abnormal translation products that are synthesized and, in particular, whether they are capable of binding heme and producing aggregations that are relatively resistant to proteolytic degradation. (+info)Assessment of splenic function. (5/13)
(+info)Biomarkers of splenic function in infants with sickle cell anemia: baseline data from the BABY HUG Trial. (6/13)
(+info)Prevalence of Howell-Jolly bodies caused by partial splenic embolization for portal hypertension. (7/13)
OBJECTIVE: Postsplenectomy sepsis (PSS) and overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) following splenectomy or the development of hyposplenism are associated with a high mortality rate. The presence of Howell-Jolly bodies (HJBs) in peripheral erythrocytes is attracting attention as a parameter of hyposplenism. To date, whether HJBs appear following partial splenic embolization (PSE) has not been investigated. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of HJBs in patients who have undergone PSE. METHODS: Whether HJBs were present in 95 patients who underwent PSE between November 2007 and August 2012 was assessed. RESULTS: No serious complications occurred due to PSE; however, 17 of the 95 patients (17.89%) exhibited HJBs during the follow-up. The residual spleen volume and splenic infarction rate did not differ significantly compared to those observed in the HJB-negative group. CONCLUSION: With the recent increase in the use of autoanalyzers, the opportunities to perform microscopic examinations have been decreasing. Therefore, the presence of HJBs, which can only be confirmed visually, may be overlooked, and the clinical significance of these bodies tends to be disregarded. However, the presence of HJBs is associated with a risk of PSS and OPSI due to hyposplenism. Because HJBs are common in the peripheral erythrocytes of patients who have undergone PSE, irrespective of the residual spleen volume or splenic infarction rate, the presence or absence of HJBs should be assessed visually. In HJB-positive patients, preventing serious infections, for example, by administering the pneumococcal vaccine, is important. (+info)Reversible functional asplenia in chronic aggressive hepatitis. (8/13)
A 61-year-old man presented with aggressive hepatitis. Howell-Jolly bodies were present in circulating erythrocytes and the spleen failed to accumulate intravenously administered Tc-99 m sulfur colloid. The patient thus demonstrated functional asplenia. He was treated with high doses of steroids. Four years later, Howell-Jolly bodies were no longer present in circulating erythrocytes. In addition, the spleen had regained the ability to accumulate intravenously injected radiocolloid. Hence, the patient had reversed his functional asplenia. The reported cases of this disorder (reversible functional asplenia) were reviewed and a preliminary classification was proposed. (+info)Erythrocyte inclusions refer to the presence of abnormal structures or substances within red blood cells (erythrocytes). These inclusions can be composed of various materials such as proteins, pigments, or foreign bodies. They may be seen in a variety of medical conditions and can provide important diagnostic clues.
Some examples of erythrocyte inclusions include:
1. Howell-Jolly bodies: small remnants of nuclear material left behind after the red blood cell matures. They are typically seen in individuals with an absent or nonfunctional spleen.
2. Heinz bodies: denatured hemoglobin that forms clumps within the red blood cells. They can be seen in conditions such as hemolytic anemia, G6PD deficiency, and exposure to certain drugs or toxins.
3. Pappenheimer bodies: aggregates of iron-containing proteins called ferritin or hemosiderin. They are typically seen in conditions associated with increased red blood cell destruction, such as thalassemia or lead poisoning.
4. Basophilic stippling: small, basophilic (blue-staining) granules within the red blood cells. They can be seen in various conditions, including lead poisoning, megaloblastic anemias, and certain inherited disorders.
5. Parasites: organisms such as malaria or babesia that infect and multiply within the red blood cells.
The detection of erythrocyte inclusions typically requires specialized testing, such as peripheral blood smears stained with specific dyes to highlight the abnormal structures. The presence and type of inclusions can help diagnose certain medical conditions and guide appropriate treatment.
Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), are the most common type of blood cell in circulating blood in mammals. They are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
Erythrocytes are formed in the bone marrow and have a biconcave shape, which allows them to fold and bend easily as they pass through narrow blood vessels. They do not have a nucleus or mitochondria, which makes them more flexible but also limits their ability to reproduce or repair themselves.
In humans, erythrocytes are typically disc-shaped and measure about 7 micrometers in diameter. They contain the protein hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives blood its red color. The lifespan of an erythrocyte is approximately 120 days, after which it is broken down in the liver and spleen.
Abnormalities in erythrocyte count or function can lead to various medical conditions, such as anemia, polycythemia, and sickle cell disease.
An erythrocyte, also known as a red blood cell, is a type of cell that circulates in the blood and is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. The erythrocyte membrane refers to the thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the erythrocyte and helps to maintain its shape and stability.
The erythrocyte membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer, which contains various proteins and carbohydrates. These components help to regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the erythrocyte, as well as provide structural support and protection for the cell.
The main lipids found in the erythrocyte membrane are phospholipids and cholesterol, which are arranged in a bilayer structure with the hydrophilic (water-loving) heads facing outward and the hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails facing inward. This arrangement helps to maintain the integrity of the membrane and prevent the leakage of cellular components.
The proteins found in the erythrocyte membrane include integral proteins, which span the entire width of the membrane, and peripheral proteins, which are attached to the inner or outer surface of the membrane. These proteins play a variety of roles, such as transporting molecules across the membrane, maintaining the shape of the erythrocyte, and interacting with other cells and proteins in the body.
The carbohydrates found in the erythrocyte membrane are attached to the outer surface of the membrane and help to identify the cell as part of the body's own immune system. They also play a role in cell-cell recognition and adhesion.
Overall, the erythrocyte membrane is a complex and dynamic structure that plays a critical role in maintaining the function and integrity of red blood cells.
Inclusion bodies are abnormal, intracellular accumulations or aggregations of various misfolded proteins, protein complexes, or other materials within the cells of an organism. They can be found in various tissues and cell types and are often associated with several pathological conditions, including infectious diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and genetic diseases.
Inclusion bodies can vary in size, shape, and location depending on the specific disease or condition. Some inclusion bodies have a characteristic appearance under the microscope, such as eosinophilic (pink) staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histological stain, while others may require specialized stains or immunohistochemical techniques to identify the specific misfolded proteins involved.
Examples of diseases associated with inclusion bodies include:
1. Infectious diseases: Some viral infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B and C, and herpes simplex virus, can lead to the formation of inclusion bodies within infected cells.
2. Neurodegenerative disorders: Several neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies, including Alzheimer's disease (amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles), Parkinson's disease (Lewy bodies), Huntington's disease (Huntingtin aggregates), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (TDP-43 and SOD1 inclusions).
3. Genetic diseases: Certain genetic disorders, such as Danon disease, neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, and some lysosomal storage disorders, can also present with inclusion bodies due to the accumulation of abnormal proteins or metabolic products within cells.
The exact role of inclusion bodies in disease pathogenesis remains unclear; however, they are often associated with cellular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and increased inflammation, which can contribute to disease progression and neurodegeneration.
Erythrocyte aging, also known as red cell aging, is the natural process of changes and senescence that occur in red blood cells (erythrocytes) over time. In humans, mature erythrocytes are devoid of nuclei and organelles, and have a lifespan of approximately 120 days.
During aging, several biochemical and structural modifications take place in the erythrocyte, including:
1. Loss of membrane phospholipids and proteins, leading to increased rigidity and decreased deformability.
2. Oxidative damage to hemoglobin, resulting in the formation of methemoglobin and heinz bodies.
3. Accumulation of denatured proteins and aggregates, which can impair cellular functions.
4. Changes in the cytoskeleton, affecting the shape and stability of the erythrocyte.
5. Increased expression of surface markers, such as Band 3 and CD47, that signal the spleen to remove aged erythrocytes from circulation.
The spleen plays a crucial role in removing senescent erythrocytes by recognizing and phagocytosing those with altered membrane composition or increased expression of surface markers. This process helps maintain the overall health and functionality of the circulatory system.
Morphology2
- the relationship between erythrocyte morphology and parasitization in chickens, rats, and mice. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- It had the typical erythrocyte morphology showing eclipse shape with a central nucleus without significant difference between males and females. (folium.ru)
Cytoplasmic Inclusions2
- Figure 369 from Chapter 15 (Cytoplasmic Inclusions) of 'The Cell, 2nd Ed.' by Don W. Fawcett M.D. Erythrocytes in a longitudinal section through a capillary from the myocardium of a cat. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- During cultivation a significant increase in viral load was observed by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry, which coincided with the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions. (biomedcentral.com)
Sedimentation3
- 2 As a consequence of the blockade of the IL-6 pathway, acute-phase reaction proteins (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen) remained in the lowest range during the TCZ treatment period ( figure 1A ). (bmj.com)
- Analyses were adjusted for wrist involvement, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and patient-reported pain. (lu.se)
- In this cross-sectional substudy, associations between validated MRI-based semiquantitative synovial scores of the knee and the following markers of inflammation were investigated: self-reported pain and stiffness, effusion, warmth, joint line tenderness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, radiographic severity, and functional ability tests. (ox.ac.uk)
Granulocytes1
- More specifically, episodes of general malaise with fever and purpura with thrombocytopenia and bacterial inclusions in granulocytes, were found concurrently with Anaplasma DNA and specific antibodies in peripheral blood samples. (biomedcentral.com)
PLATELETS2
- The spleen participates in the destruction of all 3 blood elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets) when they reach senescence. (medscape.com)
- Supportive care includes transfusions with erythrocytes and platelets as needed, antiemetics, fluids, and allopurinol. (cancercentrum.se)
Bodies in erythrocytes1
- A further phenomenon of toxicity common to many hydrazine derivatives is hemolysis and the appearance of Heinz‑Ehrlich inclusion bodies in erythrocytes. (guidelinecentral.com)
Viral1
- The inclusions resembled viral factories and contained both PRV protein and dsRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Hemoglobin2
- He studied and described the pathological physiology of these disease syndromes and he was the first to describe inclusions in erythroblasts and red cells in β-thalassemia, which were named Fessas bodies and pointed out the importance of embryonic hemoglobin. (wikipedia.org)
- In the lower erythrocyte, hemoglobin appears to be normally distributed, and the cytoplasmic matrix appears uniform. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Transfusions1
- In a retrospective, secondary analysis of 402 patients with acute lung injury, measures of AKI were not different in those who received erythrocyte transfusions from those who did not. (asahq.org)
Nuclei4
- Chicken erythrocyte nuclei were allowed to disperse in low salt, centrifuged through formaldehyde onto an EM grid, stained with uranyl acetate, and examined with the Madison 1MeV TEM at 40 KX in darkf. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- During erythrocyte development, transcription is progressively shut down and nuclei become compact and heterochrom. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- A drop of a preparation of chicken erythrocyte nuclei was exposed to low ionic strength and centrifuged onto a formvar-carbon film, fixed with paraformaldehyde and negatively stained with sodium phosp. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- Because of the nuclei present in most non-mammalian erythrocytes and thrombocytes, these instruments are unable to calculate leukocyte counts in birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish. (lsu.edu)
Protein1
- Autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies and antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides (ACPAs)) and genetic markers (human leucocyte antibody (HLA) shared epitope and protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22)) were analysed at the time of inclusion. (biomedcentral.com)
Avian4
- Avian erythrocytes differ from most vertebrates in retaining the nucleus at maturity. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- Flow Cytometric Analysis of Avian Blood Cells: Differentiation of Erythrocytes and Leukocytes by Fluorescence. (lsu.edu)
- These investigations sought to determine if three commonly used methodologies in flow cytometry could sufficiently differentiate avian erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes, and ultimately form a basis for performing total leukocyte counts. (lsu.edu)
- Although these investigations verified that standard flow cytometric techniques may be utilized to analyze avian leukocytes, sufficient differentiation of these cells from erythrocytes was not achievable for quantitative purposes. (lsu.edu)
Felis2
- CIL:35990, Felis catus, erythrocyte. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- Don W. Fawcett (2011) CIL:35990, Felis catus, erythrocyte. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Hemolysis2
- In vitro hemolysis study indicated that mPEG-PLA copolymers and ethaselen-loaded polymeric micelles had no hemolytic effect on the erythrocyte. (springer.com)
- The loss of CD55 and CD59 renders PNH erythrocytes susceptible to intravascular hemolysis, which can lead to thrombosis and to much of the morbidity and mortality of PNH. (medscape.com)
Acute3
- Does Erythrocyte Blood Transfusion Prevent Acute Kidney Injury? (asahq.org)
- The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of erythrocyte transfusion on the development of acute kidney injury. (asahq.org)
- Transfusion of erythrocytes to patients with acute lung injury had no effect on the development of acute kidney injury. (asahq.org)
Criteria5
- This study was followed by 17 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. (umsida.ac.id)
- RESULTS: A total of 107 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria of complete data and were included in the analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
- Nonoperative treatments directed at management of inflammation and future trials targeting the synovial tissue for treating KOA should consider these 2 factors as potential inclusion criteria. (ox.ac.uk)
- This single-center, prospective, observational cohort study took place in the surgical intensive care unit of Bichat Hospital (Paris, France) and involved 17 ARDS patients meeting the Berlin criteria at inclusion, and 14 ventilated controls without ARDS. (springeropen.com)
- Inclusion criteria: 1. (who.int)
Cell3
- The enhanced antitumor efficacy and reduced toxic effect of ethaselen-loaded polymeric micelle when compared with ethaselen-HP-β-CD inclusion were observed at the same dose in H 22 human liver cancer cell bearing mouse models. (springer.com)
- People´s diets can alter erythrocyte functions and membrane fluidity by changing cell membrane components. (bvsalud.org)
- Furthermore, leukocytes stained with FITC were found consistently in the large erythrocyte peak in cell sorting experiments. (lsu.edu)
Chicken2
- Nucleated erythrocytes from chicken were spread on water, the dispersed chromatin picked up on carbon-formvar grids, fixed with paraformaldehye, critical point dried and shadowed with platinum. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and thiazole orange (TO) were used to stain samples of whole, erythrocyte-, and leukocyte-enriched chicken blood. (lsu.edu)
Smaller3
- T2DM presented smaller erythrocytes, more elongated and more altered forms. (bvsalud.org)
- A difference in diameter and height (0.44 and 0.32 µm, respectively) obtained by SEM was observed when comparing tertile 2 (smaller erythrocytes) versus tertile 3 in the Unhealthy dietary pattern. (bvsalud.org)
- Smaller erythrocytes were observed in the second tertile of the unhealthy pattern. (bvsalud.org)
Found2
- Here we found that the majority of the squamate blood cells were erythrocyte in both sexes of this snake. (folium.ru)
- Characteristic pits 4 in the surface of erythrocytes can also be found in the blood of patients with FH. (hippokratia.gr)
Peak1
- At peak infection phase more than 50% PRV positive erythrocytes were detected in individual fish. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection3
- In addition, the erythrocytes generated an antiviral immune gene activation after PRV infection, with significant up-regulation of IFN-α, RIG-I, Mx and PKR transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
- The ex vivo infection model closely reflects the situation in vivo and can be used to study the infection and replication mechanisms of PRV, as well as the antiviral immune responses of salmonid erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
- The study of PRV infection in erythrocytes will be important to understand the pathogenesis of PRV infection and its implications on Atlantic salmon health. (biomedcentral.com)
Leukocytes1
- Although fluorescent microscopic and flow cytometric results obtained using both stains suggested a higher propensity for these dyes in leukocytes and thrombocytes, the difference in fluorescence intensity with erythrocytes was not sufficient to assess their concentration. (lsu.edu)
Functional3
- This leads to reduced functional capillary density (a measure of microvascular perfusion that is the number of erythrocyte-perfused capillaries per unit volume of tissue), 24 decreased erythrocyte deformability, increased adhesion of erythrocytes to vascular endothelium and decreased microvascular flow. (asahq.org)
- Functional hyposplenism is diagnosed by the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies and pitted erythrocytes in the peripheral blood smear, and by nuclear imaging modalities such as spleen scintigraphy with the use of Technetium-99m and/or spleen scintigraphy with the use of heat-damaged Technetium-99m labeled erythrocytes. (hippokratia.gr)
- Removal of non-functional or destroyed erythrocytes from the circulation is often defective in FH. (hippokratia.gr)
Results1
- Results: Of 3609 cases sampled, 1116 met inclusion. (bvsalud.org)
Flow1
- Erythrocyte flow decreases as they pass through this area and conditions favoring their damage and removal from the circulation are created 5 . (hippokratia.gr)
Presence1
- This defective function can be detected by observation of peripheral blood smear under an optical microscope which reveals the presence of many pathological erythrocyte inclusions and particles. (hippokratia.gr)
Shape2
- Hemorheology and microcirculation alterations are caused by erythrocyte size and shape (ESS) modifications. (bvsalud.org)
- HIGHLIGHTS: SEM and AFM are excellent tools to assess erythrocyte size and shape modifications. (bvsalud.org)
Development1
- In humans, the spleen is the site for early hematopoietic development, particularly the development of erythrocytes during the first 4 months' gestation. (medscape.com)
Time1
- Disease severity, measured on the basis of radiographs of the hands and feet (erosions based on Larsen score), extraarticular disease, nodules, and comorbidities and treatment (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), corticosteroids, biologics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were recorded at the time of inclusion and at 5 years. (biomedcentral.com)
Years1
- 12 months), all patients were examined by the same rheumatologist, and grip force was measured using the Grippit instrument at inclusion, 1 and 5 years. (lu.se)
Normal2
- The average diameter of a normal erythrocyte is _____ mm. (medquizzes.net)
- The inclusion of normal serum as a blocking step essentially eliminated this reactivity. (lsu.edu)
Virus2
- Supernatants from the first passage successfully transmitted virus to naïve erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Algunos cuerpos de inclusión representan fábricas de virus , en las cuales se sintetizan los ácidos nucleicos virales o las proteínas. (bvsalud.org)
Data1
- Se calcularon las data collection handling and frecuencias encontradas y los datos de los hallazgos más frecuentes fueron resumidas en metaanálisis usando el método de analysis, writing, revision. (bvsalud.org)
Study3
- In this study we developed an ex vivo cultivation system for PRV in Atlantic salmon erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study demonstrates that PRV replicates in Atlantic salmon erythrocytes ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
- comparative study of amino acid production in erythrocytes parasitized by plasmodium sp. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Term1
- Which of the following is the term for erythrocytes resembling a stack of coins on thin sections of a peripheral blood smear? (medquizzes.net)
Functions1
- 20-23 During storage, erythrocytes are exposed to and produce substances that impair their functions when returned to the circulation. (asahq.org)
Patients were followed1
- These patients were followed for 52 weeks, and IL-6 levels were monitored by luminex (eBioscience) at inclusion (W0), W12 and W26. (bmj.com)
Case1
- 1991) described 4 brothers with this syndrome in whom the diagnosis was first suspected because of their characteristic clinical features and was confirmed in each case by the demonstration of Hb H inclusions in a proportion of their red blood cells. (findzebra.com)
Form1
- Erythrocytes in sickle form, cellular expression of polymerization of deoxygenated HbS, cause intermittent vascular obstruction, leading to tissue ischaemia and consequent chronic damage in organs and endocrine glands. (bvsalud.org)