A four-carbon sugar that is found in algae, fungi, and lichens. It is twice as sweet as sucrose and can be used as a coronary vasodilator.
Polyhydric alcohols having no more than one hydroxy group attached to each carbon atom. They are formed by the reduction of the carbonyl group of a sugar to a hydroxyl group.(From Dorland, 28th ed)
A sugar alcohol formed by the reduction of ribose.
Methods for cultivation of cells, usually on a large-scale, in a closed system for the purpose of producing cells or cellular products to harvest.
Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.
A species of the genus BRUCELLA whose natural hosts are cattle and other bovidae. Abortion and placentitis are frequently produced in the pregnant animal. Other mammals, including humans, may be infected.
Tetroses are uncommon sugars (monosaccharides) with four carbon atoms, having an aldehyde functional group at the first carbon atom, and forming ring structures in their cyclic forms, primarily found in complex carbohydrates and certain natural products.
A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.
A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.
A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones it acts as a sunscreening agent.
A five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from XYLOSE by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and used as a noncariogenic sweetener.
A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Dipodascaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES.
'Sugar phosphates' are organic compounds that consist of a sugar molecule linked to one or more phosphate groups, playing crucial roles in biochemical processes such as energy transfer and nucleic acid metabolism.
A polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications.
A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.
A mitosporic fungal genus occasionally causing human diseases such as pulmonary infections, mycotic keratitis, endocarditis, and opportunistic infections. Its teleomorph is BYSSOCHLAMYS.
Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone flavonoid, primarily found in apple tree leaves and roots, which exhibits antioxidant properties and has been studied for its potential role in skin care, cancer prevention, and diabetes management, although more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and clinical applications.
Substances that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc., such as sugar, saccharine or other low-calorie synthetic products. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
A phylum of bacteria consisting of the purple bacteria and their relatives which form a branch of the eubacterial tree. This group of predominantly gram-negative bacteria is classified based on homology of equivalent nucleotide sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA or by hybridization of ribosomal RNA or DNA with 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA.
Fructosephosphates are organic compounds resulting from the combination of fructose with a phosphate group, playing crucial roles in various metabolic processes, particularly within carbohydrate metabolism.

Construction and characterization of Escherichia coli disruptants defective in the yaeM gene. (1/192)

Escherichia coli disruptants defective in the yaeM gene, which is located at 4.2 min on the chromosome map, were constructed and characterized. The disruptants showed auxotrophy for 2-C-methylerythritol, a free alcohol of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate that is a biosynthetic precursor in the nonmevalonate pathway. This result clearly shows that the yaeM gene is indeed involved in this pathway in E. coli.  (+info)

Cytidine 5'-triphosphate-dependent biosynthesis of isoprenoids: YgbP protein of Escherichia coli catalyzes the formation of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methylerythritol. (2/192)

2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate has been established recently as an intermediate of the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway used for biosynthesis of terpenoids in plants and in many microorganisms. We show that an enzyme isolated from cell extract of Escherichia coli converts 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate into 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methylerythritol by reaction with CTP. The enzyme is specified by the hitherto unannotated ORF ygbP of E. coli. The cognate protein was obtained in pure form from a recombinant hyperexpression strain of E. coli harboring a plasmid with the ygbP gene under the control of a T5 promoter and lac operator. By using the recombinant enzyme, 4-diphosphocytidyl-[2-(14)C]2-C-methylerythritol was prepared from [2-(14)C]2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate. The radiolabeled 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methylerythritol was shown to be efficiently incorporated into carotenoids by isolated chromoplasts of Capsicum annuum. The E. coli ygbP gene appears to be part of a small operon also comprising the unannotated ygbB gene. Genes with similarity to ygbP and ygbB are present in the genomes of many microorganisms, and their occurrence appears to be correlated with that of the deoxyxylulose pathway of terpenoid biosynthesis. Moreover, several microorganisms have genes specifying putative fusion proteins with ygbP and ygbB domains, suggesting that both the YgbP protein and the YgbB protein are involved in the deoxyxylulose pathway. A gene from Arabidopsis thaliana with similarity to ygbP carries a putative plastid import sequence, which is well in line with the assumed localization of the deoxyxylulose pathway in the plastid compartment of plants.  (+info)

Biosynthesis of terpenoids: YchB protein of Escherichia coli phosphorylates the 2-hydroxy group of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol. (3/192)

A comparative analysis of all published complete genomes indicated that the putative orthologs of the unannotated ychB gene of Escherichia coli follow the distribution of the dxs, dxr, and ygbP genes, which have been shown to specify enzymes of the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway of terpenoid biosynthesis, thus suggesting that the hypothetical YchB protein also is involved in that pathway. To test this hypothesis, the E. coli ychB gene was expressed in a homologous host. The recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity and was shown to phosphorylate 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol in an ATP-dependent reaction. The reaction product was identified as 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate by NMR experiments with various (13)C-labeled substrate samples. A (14)C-labeled specimen of this compound was converted efficiently into carotenoids by isolated chromoplasts of Capsicum annuum. The sequence of E. coli YchB protein is similar to that of the protein predicted by the tomato cDNA pTOM41 (30% identity), which had been implicated in the conversion of chloroplasts to chromoplasts.  (+info)

Biosynthesis of terpenoids: YgbB protein converts 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate to 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate. (4/192)

In many microorganisms, the putative orthologs of the Escherichia coli ygbB gene are tightly linked or fused to putative orthologs of ygbP, which has been shown earlier to be involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. The ygbB gene of E. coli was expressed in a recombinant E. coli strain and was shown to direct the synthesis of a soluble, 17-kDa polypeptide. The recombinant protein was found to convert 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate into 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate and CMP. The structure of the reaction product was established by NMR spectroscopy using (13)C-labeled substrate samples. The enzyme-catalyzed reaction requires Mn(2+) or Mg(2+) but no other cofactors. Radioactivity from [2-(14)C]2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate was diverted efficiently to carotenoids by isolated chromoplasts from Capsicum annuum and, thus, was established as an intermediate in the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. YgbB protein also was found to convert 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol into 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 3,4-cyclophosphate. This compound does not serve as substrate for the formation of carotenoids by isolated chromoplasts and is assumed to be an in vitro product without metabolic relevance.  (+info)

Deuterium-labelled isotopomers of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol as tools for the elucidation of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. (5/192)

Escherichia coli synthesizes its isoprenoids via the mevalonate-independent 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. The MC4100dxs::CAT strain, defective in deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase, which is the first enzyme in this metabolic route, exclusively synthesizes its isoprenoids from exogenous 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol (ME) added to the culture medium. The fate of the hydrogen atoms in the MEP pathway was followed by the incorporation of [1,1-(2)H(2)]ME and [3,5,5,5-(2)H(4)]ME. The two C-1 hydrogen atoms of ME were found without any loss in the prenyl chain of menaquinone and/or ubiquinone on the carbon atoms derived from C-4 of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and on the E-methyl group of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), the C-5 hydrogen atoms on the methyl groups derived from IPP C-5 methyl group and the Z-methyl group of DMAPP. This showed that no changes in the oxidation state of these carbon atoms occurred in the reaction sequence between MEP and IPP. Furthermore, no deuterium scrambling was observed between the carbon atoms derived from C-4 and C-5 of IPP or DMAPP, suggesting a completely stereoselective IPP isomerase or no significant activity of this enzyme. The C-3 deuterium atom of [3,5,5,5-(2)H(4)]ME was preserved only in the DMAPP starter unit and was completely missing from all those derived from IPP. This finding, aided by the non-essential role of the IPP isomerase gene, suggests the presence in E. coli of two different routes towards IPP and DMAPP, starting from a common intermediate derived from MEP.  (+info)

The genes for erythritol catabolism are organized as an inducible operon in Brucella abortus. (6/192)

Erythritol utilization is a characteristic of pathogenic Brucella abortus strains. The attenuated vaccine strain B19 is the only Brucella strain that is inhibited by erythritol, so a role for erythritol metabolism in virulence is suspected. A chromosomal fragment from the pathogenic strain B. abortus 2308 containing genes for the utilization of erythritol was cloned taking advantage of an erythritol-sensitive Tn5 insertion mutant. The nucleotide sequence of the complete 7714 bp fragment was determined. Four ORFs were identified in the sequence. The four genes were closely spaced, suggesting that they were organized as a single operon (the ery operon). The first gene (eryA) encoded a 519 aa putative erythritol kinase. The second gene (eryB) encoded an erythritol phosphate dehydrogenase. The function of the third gene (eryC) product was tentatively assigned as D-erythrulose-1-phosphate dehydrogenase and the fourth gene (eryD) encoded a regulator of ery operon expression. The operon promoter was located 5' to eryA, and contained an IHF (integration host factor) binding site. Transcription from this promoter was repressed by EryD, and stimulated by erythritol. Functional IHF was required for expression of the operon in Escherichia coli, suggesting a role for IHF in its regulation in B. abortus. The results obtained will be helpful in clarifying the role of erythritol metabolism in the virulence of Brucella spp.  (+info)

Solvent effects on squid sodium channels are attributable to movements of a flexible protein structure in gating currents and to hydration in a pore. (7/192)

1. Solvent effects on the time course of gating and sodium currents were analysed in squid sodium channels using four non-electrolytes of different size, glycerol, erythritol, glucose and sucrose, to separate effects of viscosity from those of osmolarity and to obtain viscosity and osmolarity parameters that were independent of molecular size. 2. The gating and sodium currents were reversibly slowed in a voltage-independent manner as the non-electrolyte concentration increased. 3. Solvent effects were analysed using a model in which the percentage change in time constant was expressed by an equation involving the viscosity parameter alpha and the osmolarity parameter delta: t/t0 = alpha (eta/eta 0) - 1 + 100 alpha-1)exp(delta delta pi), where eta/eta 0 is solution viscosity and delta pi is increase in osmolarity. Since the solution viscosity was found experimentally to be a function of the solution osmolarity, solvent effects are described by an equation with one independent variable eta/eta 0 or delta pi. 4. Voltage sensor movement, reflected in gating currents, was primarily sensitive to viscosity, as its decay time constant was a function of eta/eta 0, with only a minor sensitivity to osmolarity (delta was 2-3 water molecules). 5. For sodium currents, alpha was equal to that of gating currents but delta was 2-3 times greater, suggesting that the final channel opening was primarily sensitive to osmolarity (delta delta was 5 water molecules). The relative ineffectiveness of the largest non-electrolyte, sucrose, suggested that this osmolarity-sensitive step in channel opening occurred in the narrow pore region. 6. Sodium channel inactivation was primarily sensitive to osmolarity (delta delta was 8-12 water molecules). 7. The observed viscosity dependence of the sodium current activation and inactivation processes was attributable to the viscosity-dependent process accompanying the gating current. 8. This model explains why non-electrolytes slow sodium currents while electrolytes do not. 9. Viscosity effects on gating currents can be explained by a process in which non-electrolytes interact with the flexible hydrophilic parts of sodium channel proteins, but osmolarity effects on the final step need to be explained by a local interaction of several water molecules with fluctuating protein segments in the pore.  (+info)

Biosynthesis of terpenoids: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase from tomato. (8/192)

The putative catalytic domain (residues 81-401) of a predicted tomato protein with similarity to 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase of Escherichia coli was expressed in a recombinant E. coli strain. The protein was purified to homogeneity and was shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of the position 2 hydroxy group of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol at a rate of 33 micromol small middle dotmg(-1) small middle dotmin(-1). The structure of the reaction product, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2-phosphate, was established by NMR spectroscopy. Divalent metal ions, preferably Mg(2+), are required for activity. Neither the tomato enzyme nor the E. coli ortholog catalyzes the phosphorylation of isopentenyl monophosphate.  (+info)

Erythritol is a type of sugar alcohol (a carbohydrate that is metabolized differently than other sugars) used as a sugar substitute in food and drinks. It has about 0.24 calories per gram and contains almost no carbohydrates or sugar, making it a popular choice for people with diabetes or those following low-carb diets. Erythritol is naturally found in some fruits and fermented foods, but most commercial erythritol is made from cornstarch. It has a sweet taste similar to sugar but contains fewer calories and does not raise blood sugar levels.

Sugar alcohols, also known as polyols, are carbohydrates that are chemically similar to sugar but have a different molecular structure. They occur naturally in some fruits and vegetables, but most sugar alcohols used in food products are manufactured.

The chemical structure of sugar alcohols contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) instead of a hydrogen and a ketone or aldehyde group, which makes them less sweet than sugar and have fewer calories. They are not completely absorbed by the body, so they do not cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels, making them a popular sweetener for people with diabetes.

Common sugar alcohols used in food products include xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, and maltitol. They are often used as sweeteners in sugar-free and low-sugar foods such as candy, chewing gum, baked goods, and beverages.

However, consuming large amounts of sugar alcohols can cause digestive symptoms such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea, due to their partial absorption in the gut. Therefore, it is recommended to consume them in moderation.

Ribitol is a sugar alcohol, specifically a pentitol, that is a reduced form of the pentose sugar ribose. It is found in some fruits and vegetables, and it can also be produced synthetically. In biochemistry, ribitol plays a role as a component of certain coenzymes and as a constituent of the structural polysaccharides in the cell walls of some bacteria. It has been used in research and medical applications, such as in the study of bacterial metabolism and in the development of potential drugs.

Batch cell culture techniques refer to a method of growing cells in which all the necessary nutrients are added to the culture medium at the beginning of the growth period. The cells are allowed to grow and multiply until they exhaust the available nutrients, after which the culture is discarded. This technique is relatively simple and inexpensive but lacks the ability to continuously produce cells over an extended period.

In batch cell culture, cells are grown in a closed system with a fixed volume of medium, and no additional nutrients or fresh medium are added during the growth phase. The cells consume the available nutrients as they grow, leading to a decrease in pH, accumulation of waste products, and depletion of essential factors required for cell growth. As a result, the cells eventually stop growing and enter a stationary phase, after which they begin to die due to lack of nutrients and buildup of toxic metabolites.

Batch cell culture techniques are commonly used in research settings where large quantities of cells are needed for experiments or analysis. However, this method is not suitable for the production of therapeutic proteins or other biologics that require continuous cell growth and protein production over an extended period. For these applications, more complex culture methods such as fed-batch or perfusion culture techniques are used.

In chemistry, an alcohol is a broad term that refers to any organic compound characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group attached to a carbon atom. This means that alcohols are essentially hydrocarbons with a hydroxyl group. The simplest alcohol is methanol (CH3OH), and ethanol (C2H5OH), also known as ethyl alcohol, is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.

In the context of medical definitions, alcohol primarily refers to ethanol, which has significant effects on the human body when consumed. Ethanol can act as a central nervous system depressant, leading to various physiological and psychological changes depending on the dose and frequency of consumption. Excessive or prolonged use of ethanol can result in various health issues, including addiction, liver disease, neurological damage, and increased risk of injuries due to impaired judgment and motor skills.

It is important to note that there are other types of alcohols (e.g., methanol, isopropyl alcohol) with different chemical structures and properties, but they are not typically consumed by humans and can be toxic or even lethal in high concentrations.

Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol (a sugar substitute) used primarily as a diuretic to reduce brain swelling caused by traumatic brain injury or other causes that induce increased pressure in the brain. It works by drawing water out of the body through the urine. It's also used before surgeries in the heart, lungs, and kidneys to prevent fluid buildup.

In addition, mannitol is used in medical laboratories as a medium for growing bacteria and other microorganisms, and in some types of chemical research. In the clinic, it is also used as an osmotic agent in eye drops to reduce the pressure inside the eye in conditions such as glaucoma.

It's important to note that mannitol should be used with caution in patients with heart or kidney disease, as well as those who are dehydrated, because it can lead to electrolyte imbalances and other complications.

'Brucella abortus' is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus that is the causative agent of brucellosis, also known as Bang's disease in cattle. It is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans, and is typically acquired through contact with infected animal tissues or bodily fluids, consumption of contaminated food or drink, or inhalation of infectious aerosols.

In cattle, 'Brucella abortus' infection can cause abortion, stillbirths, and reduced fertility. In humans, it can cause a systemic illness characterized by fever, sweats, malaise, headache, and muscle and joint pain. If left untreated, brucellosis can lead to serious complications such as endocarditis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and neurological symptoms.

Prevention measures include vaccination of cattle, pasteurization of dairy products, and implementation of strict hygiene practices in occupational settings where exposure to infected animals or their tissues is possible. Treatment typically involves a prolonged course of antibiotics, such as doxycycline and rifampin, and may require hospitalization in severe cases.

Tetroses are a type of monosaccharides, which are simple sugars that cannot be broken down into simpler units by hydrolysis. Tetroses have four carbon atoms and are aldotetroses, meaning they contain an aldehyde functional group at the first carbon atom.

There are two naturally occurring tetroses: erythrose and threose. Erythrose has its hydroxyl groups on the second and fourth carbon atoms, while threose has its hydroxyl groups on the second and third carbon atoms. Tetroses can participate in various chemical reactions, including forming glycosidic bonds with other monosaccharides to create disaccharides or polysaccharides. However, tetroses are not as common as other monosaccharides, such as pentoses and hexoses.

'Cryptococcus' is a genus of encapsulated, budding yeast that are found in the environment, particularly in soil and bird droppings. The most common species that causes infection in humans is Cryptococcus neoformans, followed by Cryptococcus gattii.

Infection with Cryptococcus can occur when a person inhales the microscopic yeast cells, which can then lead to lung infections (pneumonia) or disseminated disease, particularly in people with weakened immune systems. The most common form of disseminated cryptococcal infection is meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Cryptococcal infections can be serious and even life-threatening, especially in individuals with HIV/AIDS or other conditions that weaken the immune system. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, such as amphotericin B and fluconazole.

Glycerol, also known as glycerine or glycerin, is a simple polyol (a sugar alcohol) with a sweet taste and a thick, syrupy consistency. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is slightly soluble in water and freely miscible with ethanol and ether.

In the medical field, glycerol is often used as a medication or supplement. It can be used as a laxative to treat constipation, as a source of calories and energy for people who cannot eat by mouth, and as a way to prevent dehydration in people with certain medical conditions.

Glycerol is also used in the production of various medical products, such as medications, skin care products, and vaccines. It acts as a humectant, which means it helps to keep things moist, and it can also be used as a solvent or preservative.

In addition to its medical uses, glycerol is also widely used in the food industry as a sweetener, thickening agent, and moisture-retaining agent. It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a simple sugar that is used as an ingredient in many self-tanning products. When applied to the skin, DHA reacts with amino acids in the dead layer of the skin to temporarily darken the skin color. This process is known as the Maillard reaction, which is a chemical reaction between an amino acid and a sugar. The effect of DHA is limited to the uppermost layer of the skin and it does not provide any protection against sunburn or UV radiation. The tanning effect produced by DHA usually lasts for about 5-7 days.

It's important to note that while DHA is considered safe for external use, it should not be inhaled or ingested, as it can cause irritation and other adverse effects. Additionally, some people may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to products containing DHA, so it's always a good idea to do a patch test before using a new self-tanning product.

Xylitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sugar substitute in various food and dental products. It has a sweet taste similar to sugar but with fewer calories and less impact on blood sugar levels, making it a popular choice for people with diabetes or those looking to reduce their sugar intake. Xylitol is also known to have dental benefits, as it can help prevent tooth decay by reducing the amount of bacteria in the mouth that cause cavities.

Medically speaking, xylitol is classified as a carbohydrate and has a chemical formula of C5H12O5. It occurs naturally in some fruits and vegetables, but most commercial xylitol is produced from corn cobs or other plant materials through a process called hydrogenation. While generally considered safe for human consumption, it can have a laxative effect in large amounts and may be harmful to dogs, so it's important to keep it out of reach of pets.

Yarrowia is a genus of fungi that belongs to the family of Dipodascaceae. It is a type of yeast that is often found in various environments, including plants, soil, and water. One species, Yarrowia lipolytica, has gained attention in biotechnology applications due to its ability to break down fats and oils, produce organic acids, and express heterologous proteins. It's also known to be an opportunistic pathogen in humans, causing rare but serious infections in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Sugar phosphates are organic compounds that play crucial roles in various biological processes, particularly in the field of genetics and molecular biology. They are formed by the attachment of a phosphate group to a sugar molecule, most commonly to the 5-carbon sugar ribose or deoxyribose.

In genetics, sugar phosphates form the backbone of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. In DNA, the sugar phosphate backbone consists of alternating deoxyribose (a sugar) and phosphate groups, linked together by covalent bonds between the 5' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 3' carbon atom of another sugar molecule. This forms a long, twisted ladder-like structure known as a double helix.

Similarly, in RNA, the sugar phosphate backbone is formed by ribose (a sugar) and phosphate groups, creating a single-stranded structure that can fold back on itself to form complex shapes. These sugar phosphate backbones provide structural support for the nucleic acids and help to protect the genetic information stored within them.

Sugar phosphates also play important roles in energy metabolism, as they are involved in the formation and breakdown of high-energy compounds such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine triphosphate). These molecules serve as energy currency for cells, storing and releasing energy as needed to power various cellular processes.

Sorbitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in food and drinks, with about half the calories of table sugar. In a medical context, sorbitol is often used as a laxative to treat constipation, or as a sugar substitute for people with diabetes. It's also used as a bulk sweetener and humectant (a substance that helps retain moisture) in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.

When consumed in large amounts, sorbitol can have a laxative effect because it's not fully absorbed by the body and draws water into the intestines, which can lead to diarrhea. It's important for people with certain digestive disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome or fructose intolerance, to avoid sorbitol and other sugar alcohols, as they can cause gastrointestinal symptoms like bloating, gas, and diarrhea.

Dehydrocholic acid is not typically considered a medical term, but it does have relevance to the field of medicine as a gastrointestinal stimulant and choleretic agent. Here's a brief definition:

Dehydrocholic acid (C~24~H~39~NO~5~) is a bile salt that is formed from cholic acid through the introduction of a double bond between carbons 7 and 8. It is used in medical research and practice as a pharmacological agent to stimulate the production and flow of bile from the liver, which can aid in digestion and absorption of fats. Dehydrocholic acid may also be used in diagnostic tests to assess liver function and biliary tract patency.

It is important to note that dehydrocholic acid is not commonly used as a therapeutic agent in clinical practice due to the availability of safer and more effective alternatives for treating gastrointestinal disorders and promoting liver health.

"Paecilomyces" is a genus of filamentous fungi that belongs to the family Aspergillaceae. These fungi are widely distributed in the environment and can be found in various habitats such as soil, decaying vegetation, and insects. Some species of Paecilomyces are known to produce secondary metabolites with potential medicinal applications, while others have been identified as opportunistic pathogens that can cause invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals.

In medical contexts, "Paecilomyces" typically refers to the species P. lilacinus and P. variotii, which are the most commonly encountered human pathogens. These fungi can cause a range of infections, including mycetoma, endocarditis, pneumonia, and disseminated infections. The diagnosis of Paecilomyces infections typically involves microscopic examination of clinical specimens and culture-based methods, while treatment usually requires the use of antifungal agents such as amphotericin B or voriconazole.

It's worth noting that "Paecilomyces" is a complex genus with many species, some of which have been reclassified or renamed in recent years. Therefore, it's important to consult up-to-date taxonomic resources when working with this group of fungi.

Phloretin is a type of chemical compound known as a dihydrochalcone, which is found in certain plants. It is a polyphenolic compound that possesses antioxidant properties and is present in apple skin and other fruits and vegetables. In the medical field, phloretin has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its possible role in preventing or treating conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. However, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and safety profile before it can be recommended for therapeutic use.

Sweetening agents are substances that are added to foods or drinks to give them a sweet taste. They can be natural, like sugar (sucrose), honey, and maple syrup, or artificial, like saccharin, aspartame, and sucralose. Artificial sweeteners are often used by people who want to reduce their calorie intake or control their blood sugar levels. However, it's important to note that some sweetening agents may have potential health concerns when consumed in large amounts.

Proteobacteria is a major class of Gram-negative bacteria that includes a wide variety of pathogens and free-living organisms. This class is divided into six subclasses: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta proteobacteria. Proteobacteria are characterized by their single circular chromosome and the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in their outer membrane. They can be found in a wide range of environments, including soil, water, and the gastrointestinal tracts of animals. Some notable examples of Proteobacteria include Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia pestis.

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (also known as fructose 1,6-diphosphate or Fru-1,6-BP) is the chemical compound that plays a crucial role in cellular respiration and glucose metabolism. It is not accurate to refer to "fructosephosphates" as a medical term, but fructose-1-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate are important fructose phosphates with specific functions in the body.

Fructose-1-phosphate is an intermediate metabolite formed during the breakdown of fructose in the liver, while fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is a key regulator of glycolysis, the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy in the form of ATP. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate allosterically regulates the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which is the rate-limiting step in glycolysis, and its levels are tightly controlled to maintain proper glucose metabolism. Dysregulation of fructose metabolism has been implicated in various metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Zerose is a tradename for erythritol. Erythritol tetranitrate Pentaerythritol Threitol, the diastereomer of erythritol O'Neil M ... Erythritol has a pKa of 13.903 at 18 °C. According to a 2014 study, erythritol functions as an insecticide toxic to the fruit ... Erythritol is preferentially used by the Brucella spp. The presence of erythritol in the placentas of goats, cattle, and pigs ... Erythritol is 60-70% as sweet as sucrose (table sugar). However, erythritol is almost completely noncaloric, and does not ...
In enzymology, an erythritol kinase (EC 2.7.1.27) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + erythritol ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:erythritol 4-phosphotransferase. This enzyme is also called erythritol kinase ( ... the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and erythritol, whereas its two products are ADP and D-erythritol 4-phosphate. This ... HOLTEN D, FROMM HJ (1961). "Purification and properties of erythritol kinase from Propionibacterium pentosaceum". J. Biol. Chem ...
Lower nitrates of erythritol, such as erythritol trinitrate, are soluble in water, so they do not contaminate most ETN samples ... Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is an explosive compound chemically similar to PETN, though it is thought to be slightly more ... He extracted the simple sugar erythritol (which he called "erythroglucin") from lichen and then studied its chemistry. See: ... Mannitol hexanitrate Xylitol pentanitrate Erythritol tetranitrate was first synthesized by British chemist John Stenhouse (1809 ...
... (MEcPP) (also 2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate) is an intermediate ... YgbB protein converts 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate to 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate". ... Ostrovsky D, Shashkov A, Sviridov A (1993). "Bacterial oxidative-stress substance is 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4- ...
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol from 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate by 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, a ... It catalyzes the third step of the MEP pathway; the formation of CDP-ME (4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol) from CTP ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is CTP:2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase. This enzyme is also ... In enzymology, a 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.60) is an enzyme that catalyzes the ...
YgbB protein converts 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-d-erythritol 2-phosphate to 2C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate". ... 2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase (MEcPP synthase, IspF, EC 4.6.1.12) is a zinc-dependent enzyme and a ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-D-erythritol CMP-lyase (cyclizing ... It catalyzes the following reaction: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D)erythritol 2-phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons ...
It is formed by CDP-ME kinase (IspE) and is a substrate for 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase (IspF). ... 4-Diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate (or CDP-MEP, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C methylerythritol 2-phosphate) is an ... Narayanasamy P, Eoh H, Brennan PJ, Crick DC (2010). "Synthesis of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate and ...
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol to its 2-phospho derivative by 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase". Tetrahedron ... In enzymology, a 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase (EC 2.7.1.148) is an enzyme that catalyzes the ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphotransferase. This ... the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate (CDP-ME), whereas its two ...
... erythritol; N-acetyl glucosamine, 2-ketogluconate, α-methyl-D-glucoside, levulinate and glucosamine. The yeast grew at a ...
VitaminWater Zero also uses Erythritol. In September 2010, a rebranded version of the 10 calorie drink was introduced to the ...
Jakoby WB, Fredericks J (1961). "Erythritol dehydrogenase from Aerobacter aerogenes". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 48: 26-32. doi: ... erythritol dehydrogenase, 2,3-cis-polyol(DPN) dehydrogenase (C3-5), pentitol-DPN dehydrogenase, and xylitol-2-dehydrogenase. ...
It is similar to glycerol and erythritol. It is chiral, with two possible enantiomers. 1,2,4-Butanetriol is used in the ...
Polyols, such as erythritol (ery) and mannitol, for example, have large markets as sweeteners for diabetics and as facilitating ... Moon, Hee-Jung; Jeya, Marimuthu; Kim, In-Won; Lee, Jung-Kul (2010-02-26). "Biotechnological production of erythritol and its ...
Erythritol Merck Index, 11th Edition, 3637 "4.5: Diastereomers". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2015-04-01. Retrieved 2021-11-17. ...
It is sweetened with stevia leaf extract and erythritol. It comes in several flavors: Cherry Vanilla, Lemon Lime, Ginger Ale, ...
It contains twelve units of gum in each pack (box). It contains sugar alcohols Maltitol, Mannitol, Erythritol and also ...
Maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, and isomalt are common sugar alcohols. The term polyol is used for various chemistries ...
Erythritol may have greater protective action than xylitol and sorbitol. However, this research is industry funded and not as ... de Cock, Peter (21 August 2016). "Erythritol Is More Effective Than Xylitol and Sorbitol in Managing Oral Health Endpoints". ...
Other bio-based surfactants include sophorolipids and mannose-erythritol lipids. Desai JD, Banat IM (March 1997). "Microbial ...
Moniliella is used industrially to produce the sugar alcohol erythritol.[citation needed] "Discovery and Development of ...
As an exception, erythritol is actually absorbed in the small intestine and excreted unchanged through urine, so it contributes ... This happens, for example, with the crystalline phase of sorbitol, erythritol, xylitol, mannitol, lactitol and maltitol. The ... Ethylene glycol (2-carbon) Glycerol (3-carbon) Erythritol (4-carbon) Threitol (4-carbon) Arabitol (5-carbon) Xylitol (5-carbon ... CHHOH Erythritol is obtained by the fermentation of glucose and sucrose. Sugar alcohols do not contribute to tooth decay; in ...
Sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, erythritol, and lactitol are examples of sugar alcohols. These are, in general, less sweet than ... Additionally, sugar alcohols such as erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol are derived from sugars. In the United States, six high- ... Additionally, sugar alcohols such as erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol are derived from sugars. Approved artificial sweeteners ... for use of the refined stevia extracts as a blend of rebaudioside A and erythritol. In Australia, the brand Vitarium uses ...
Erythritol tetranitrate RE factor "Wildlife Toxicity Assessment for pentaerythritol tetranitrate" (PDF). U.S. Army Center for ...
The systematic name of this enzyme class is erythritol:NADP+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called D-erythrulose reductase ... In enzymology, an erythrulose reductase (EC 1.1.1.162) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction erythritol + NADP+ ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-erythrulose + NADPH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are erythritol and NADP+, ...
Erythritol is unique in that among these compounds it has one of the most favorable nutritional profiles. Erythritol is almost ... Truvia ingredients include erythritol (a sugar alcohol), stevia leaf extract, and natural flavorings. In addition to the Truvia ... According to Truvia's website, up to 90% of erythritol is absorbed by the small intestine and excreted unchanged in the urine. ... Most of Truvia's side effects are related to erythritol which is a sugar alcohol. Sugar alcohols are valuable as sweeteners ...
Some other commonly used sugars include erythritol, xylitol, lactitol, maltitol, or mannitol. The oxidizer most often used in ...
"Metabolic effects of the natural sweeteners xylitol and erythritol: A comprehensive review". Critical Reviews in Food Science ...
The enzyme HMB-PP synthase (GcpE, IspG) catalyzes the conversion of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) into ... An intermediate in the methyl erythritol phosphate branch of the isoprenoid pathway". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 67 (14 ...
... erythritol, D-tagatose, isomaltulose, sucralose and polydextrose and maintenance of tooth mineralisation by decreasing tooth ... "Metabolic effects of the natural sweeteners xylitol and erythritol: A comprehensive review". Critical Reviews in Food Science ...
It is the diastereomer of erythritol, which is used as a sugar substitute. In living organisms, threitol is found in the edible ...
Zerose is a tradename for erythritol. Erythritol tetranitrate Pentaerythritol Threitol, the diastereomer of erythritol ONeil M ... Erythritol has a pKa of 13.903 at 18 °C. According to a 2014 study, erythritol functions as an insecticide toxic to the fruit ... Erythritol is preferentially used by the Brucella spp. The presence of erythritol in the placentas of goats, cattle, and pigs ... Erythritol is 60-70% as sweet as sucrose (table sugar). However, erythritol is almost completely noncaloric, and does not ...
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate(2−) (CHEBI:58483) is conjugate base of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic ... 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate (CHEBI:18425) is conjugate acid of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic ... CHEBI:58483 - 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate(2−). Main. ChEBI Ontology. Automatic Xrefs. Reactions. Pathways. ... 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate(2−) (CHEBI:58483) is a organophosphate oxoanion (CHEBI:58945) ...
by Metabolon , May 29, 2020. Metabolon Discover Global Discovery Panel R Relative Quantitation R Rigorous Quality Control R End-to-end Service Get a Quote View Demo Data Get a Quote View Demo Data About the Global Discovery Panel Metabolons LC-MS global metabolomics technology provides a ...
Suitable for diabetics - Erythritol does not raise blood sugar levels, and … Erythritol is only 70% as sweet as sugar and has a ... Erythritol as a sugar substitute, 1 Pound ( 16 Ounce ) 3.0 of! A glycemic index, bulk sweetener, Jan 4 level, erythritol has ... So what you need to turn your regular erythritol into keto confectioners sugar is your bag of regular erythritol, a touch of ... Organic Erythritol Granules, 6 Pounds (96 Ounce), 1:1 Sugar Substitute, 0 Calorie, Natural Sweetener, Erythritol Keto Sugar ...
Bulk Barn is Canadas largest bulk food retailer. We carry over 4,000 products - everything from soup to nuts, candy and snacks, baking ingredients, health and natural food products, and much more.
Buy Erythritol Cinnamon Flavor Syrup, (Feingold Accepted) online today. ... Erythritol Cinnamon Flavor Syrup, (Feingold Accepted) Natures Flavors The finest organic and Natural ingredients. ... Low-Carb Erythritol SyrupLow-Carb Erythritol Syrup * Erythritol Coffee Syrup * Erythritol Flavor Syrup ...
... By Stephen Daniells 12-Jan-2010. - Last updated on 12-Jan-2010 at 10:27. ... In terms of sugar alcohols at pH 4.0, when erythritol, sorbitol, and xylitol were used at a higher concentration of 50 ... New findings indicate that adding sugar alcohols such as erythritol, sorbitol, and xylitol may reduce this undesirable ... Above this, however, and ingredient selection became crucial with sorbitol, erythritol and the amino acids, asparagine, proline ...
70% as sweet as sugar, Erysweet provides a fullness of texture reminiscent of table sugar, without all those carbs, calories or glycemic impact. Perfect sweetener for deepest sugar reductions. A preferred sweetener for those on Paleo or ketogenic meal plans.
Aogubio is a company specialized in the Produces and distribution of pharmacologically active substances, raw materials and plant extracts, nutraceuticals.
... Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Jul;105:448-455. doi: 10.1016/ ... Erythritol and xylitol are two polyols which are currently widely used in products ranging from reduced-sugar foods to personal ... While pivotal studies substantiating the safe use of erythritol in humans have been published, there are limited published ... Given the potential health benefits of oral products formulated with erythritol and the data presented herein substantiating ...
US-2022061319-A1 chemical patent summary.
... around 300 ml of IPA in a beaker with various nitrations of erythritol product started from 10g erythritol. Ive done this a few ... I did a batch of ETN with very dirty KNO3, and dirty erythritol, both had some brown contamination and the ETN product was ... Sciencemadness Discussion Board » Special topics » Energetic Materials » erythritol tetranitrate recrystallization. Select A ... Sciencemadness Discussion Board » Special topics » Energetic Materials » erythritol tetranitrate recrystallization. Select A ...
Enjoy a confectionary style fine powder version of our delicious blend of erythritol and pure stevia. Identical to our Steviva ...
Targeting the methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for novel antimalarial, antibacterial and herbicidal drug discovery: ... Aldose-Ketose IsomerasesAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntimalarialsDrug Delivery SystemsDrug DesignEnzyme InhibitorsErythritol ... Targeting the methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for novel antimalarial, antibacterial and herbicidal drug discovery: ... "Targeting the Methyl Erythritol Phosphate (MEP) Pathway for Novel Antimalarial, Antibacterial and Herbicidal Drug Discovery: ...
Erythritol: What it is. Erythritol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol that can be gotten from various natural sources like ... Is Erythritol Bad for Dogs and Puppies to Have?. Erythritol is a natural sweetener that tastes like sugar but is healthier than ... Can Dogs Have Erythritol?. To give the long-awaited reply, "is erythritol safe for dogs?", The answer is simply yes, its safe ... Merits of Dogs eating Erythritol. Erythritol is not just safe, it has lots of health benefits to offer your dog. Some of these ...
In the lab, two sucrose/erythritol formulations (0.5M sucrose/2M erythritol, 1M sucrose/2M erythritol) resulted in the highest ... a large amount of erythritol was observed in the hemolymph of the fly that ingested 0.5M sucrose/0.5M erythritol. Erythritol ... For practical application, the sucrose/erythritol combination would be more effective than erythritol alone because the ... Effect of erythritol formulation on the mortality, fecundity and physiological excretion in Drosophila suzukii.. Title. Effect ...
Order erythritol online for pickup or delivery. Find ingredients, recipes, coupons and more. ... Lakanto® Lakanto Monkfruit Sweetener With Erythritol - Case of 8 - 28.22 OZ. Case of 8 - 28.22 OZ each ... Lakanto® Lakanto Monkfruit Sweetener With Erythritol - Case of 8 - 28.22 OZ. 8 Pack/28.22 Ounce Each ... Whole Earth Sweetener Co - Sweetener Erythritol - Case of 12-16 OZ. Case of 12/16 OZ ...
The first I ever heard of erythritol was an article saying it gives some people the scoots. I have avoided it since then, even ... The first I ever heard of erythritol was an article saying it gives some people the scoots. I have avoided it since then, even ...
SugarLike is the best zero calorie sugar replacement in the world! SugarLike does everything sugar does, only better with no bad consequences for your health!
iHerb.com © Copyright 1997-2023 iHerb, LLC. All rights reserved. iHerb® is a registered trademark of iHerb, LLC. Trusted Brands. Healthy Rewards. and the iHerb.com Trusted Brands. Healthy Rewards. Logo are trademarks of iHerb, LLC. *Disclaimer: Statements made, or products sold through this website, have not been evaluated by the United States Food and Drug Administration. They are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Read more » ...
Is Erythritol Keto-Friendly? The facts about Erythritol and sugar alcohols. Is Erythritol Keto-friendly? YES IT IS! ... Erythritol. Erythritol can be found in traces in pears, soy sauce, watermelon and even human tissues. SugarLikes erythritol is ... Erythritol: 0.24 calories per gram.. Even better, erythritol has zero glycemic index! If you refer to the graph below, you will ... 5. Benefits of Erythritol. Erythritol may help reduce calories and added sugar in your diet. It doesnt raise your blood sugar ...
... Erythritol Erythritol has been shown to prevent tooth decay and reduce plaque formation on the tooth ... Erythritol is a natural sweetener that is also gentle on the stomach. Erythritol is therefore a great alternative to xylitol ... Erythritol is also known as carb sugar. The carbohydrates contained in erythritol are eliminated from the body unchanged, ie it ... Erythritol protects teeth as part of oral self-care, but it does not replace brushing your teeth with fluoride toothpaste twice ...
Erythritol is a naturally abundant sweetener gaining more and more importance especially within the food industry. ... How HS Labs Erythritol can be used?. Erythritol occurs naturally in some fruits and fermented foods, while manufacturers add a ... Erythritol is a type of sugar alcohol.. Erythritol is found naturally in fruits like grapes, peaches, pears and watermelon. ... HS Labs Erythritol has several potential health benefits, including:. Erythritol has benefits as a sugar replacement. However, ...
... The product is prepared by co-crystallizing Erythritol and Stevioside or Mogroside(Monk fruit/ ... Erythritol compound sweetener can replace the sucrose, xylitol and other artificial sweeteners in most fields. It can be the ...
THIS BLOG www.lilsipper.com IS NOT RESPONSIBLE NOR LIABLE FOR ANY ADVICE, COURSE OF TREATMENT, DIAGNOSIS OR ANY OTHER INFORMATION, SERVICES OR PRODUCTS THAT YOU OBTAIN THROUGH THIS WEB SITE ...
EasyBuy Ingredients, Arboreal Bio Innovations Pvt Ltd, Biotech Park, Kursi Rd, Sector G, Jankipuram, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226021. ...
ADM Erythritol is produced from the fermentive conversion of glucose, filtration, ion-exchange, crystallization and evaporation ... ADM Erythritol - Description. ADM Erythritol is produced from the fermentive conversion of glucose, filtration, ion-exchange, ... ADM Erythritol. It is a zero caloric sweetener used in the food and beverage industry as a substitute for other sweeteners such ...
Use erythritol in the same way you would sugar, just substitute 1 tsp sugar for 1+1/4 tsp erythritol. Stir into drinks, ... Whats In My Erythritol Sweetener? Ingredients: 100% Erythritol Allergy Advice: For allergens including cereals containing ... All About Erythritol Sweetener:. Looking for some sweetness in your food, without all the side effects and calories of regular ... Erythritol is an organic compound, a sugar alcohol, used as a food additive, low calories sweetener and a substitute for sugar ...
The glycemic index of erythritol is 0, thanks to ... OstroVit Erythritol is a high-quality sweetener used as an ... OstroVit Erythritol - Erythritol. Erythritol is an organic chemical compound, tetrahydric alcohol from the sugar group. In the ... Be the first to review "Erythritol 750 g" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * ... Erythritol is a substitute for traditional sugar especially recommended for diabetics because it has zero energy value. It is ...
  • Japanese companies pioneered the commercial development of erythritol as a sweetener in the 1990s. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since 1990, erythritol has had a history of safe use as a sweetener and flavor-enhancer in food and beverage products, and is approved for use by government regulatory agencies of more than 60 countries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythritol is a natural sweetener that tastes like sugar but is healthier than sugar. (k9magazinefree.com)
  • Erythritol is a natural sweetener that is also gentle on the stomach. (hammaskeiju.fi)
  • Erythritol is a naturally abundant sweetener gaining more and more importance especially within the food industry. (hs-labs.eu)
  • In addition to whole foods, erythritol is commercially produced for use in baked goods, beverages, candies, chewing gums, chocolates and tabletop sweetener packets. (hs-labs.eu)
  • Erythritol compound sweetener can replace the sucrose, xylitol and other artificial sweeteners in most fields. (doeastchem.com)
  • Erythritol is an organic compound, a sugar alcohol, used as a food additive, low calories sweetener and a substitute for sugar. (wholefoodearth.com)
  • What's In My Erythritol Sweetener? (wholefoodearth.com)
  • OstroVit Erythritol is a high-quality sweetener used as an alternative to traditional table sugar (sucrose). (geneticuae.com)
  • It's a Keto-friendly Cake: I made it keto-friendly, by using erythritol as sweetener. (bittybakes.com)
  • Erythritol is a naturally sourced, zero-calorie bulk sweetener that looks and tastes like sugar, making it ideal for food and beverage applications promoting sugar reduction and weight management. (blendtek.com)
  • Made with monk fruit sweetener and erythritol, Lakanto matches the sweetness of sugar cup-for-cup. (thelowcarbgrocery.com)
  • Erythritol, a natural sweetener with low calories, is an ideal choice for manufacturers looking for healthy sugar alternatives. (foodcom.pl)
  • Erythritol is mainly characterized by its sweet taste, which is why it is used as a sweetener. (foodcom.pl)
  • Erythritol is typically used in the food industry as a sweetener. (foodcom.pl)
  • As someone who is interested in health and wellness, I've learned that erythritol is a type of low-calorie sweetener that's often used as a sugar substitute. (meroguff.com)
  • Erythritol is a natural sweetener without the sugar spike. (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • Erythritol natural sweetener has zero calories, zero net carbs, and zero glycemic index. (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • Use granulated erythritol as a natural sugar-free sweetener in place of granulated sugar for cooking, baking and topping! (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • Erythritol is a natural sweetener that we can't metabolize [ * ], which means it tastes like sugar without spiking our blood sugar. (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • Erythritol is the perfect natural sweetener and sugar replacement! (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • Why Use Erythritol Sweetener? (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • Whether you are trying to cut carbs, lose weight, or simply reducing sugar intake, erythritol is an excellent sugar-free sweetener to use. (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • For super smooth texture, such as frostings, sauces, dressings, and cheesecakes, use powdered erythritol sweetener or powdered allulose sweetener instead. (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • That is, Xylitol and Erythritol sweetener. (naturaline.in)
  • Organic Erythritol is a natural sweetener found in fruits and fermented foods. (nutrafoodingredients.com)
  • Sure, you can buy powdered erythritol sweeteners in-store and online. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • There are many good reasons why erythritol is replacing the use of sugar and other artificial sweeteners. (k9magazinefree.com)
  • When compared to other sweeteners, Erythritol has a good effect on a dog's dental health, unlike the other ones that can cause plaque and cavities in the teeth. (k9magazinefree.com)
  • As in the case of other sweeteners, erythritol is no different when showing health problems when not used in moderation. (k9magazinefree.com)
  • SugarLike is different because we only use the highest quality mogroside V and non-GMO erythritol from corn to make our products, letting us develop sweeteners that are good for your taste buds and your body! (sugarlike.ca)
  • Alternative sweeteners such as erythritol can make this easier by replacing sugar without sacrificing sweetness. (hs-labs.eu)
  • Erythritol has the highest digestive tolerance compared to other polyols (also known as sugar alcohols) and masks the aftertaste of high-intensity sweeteners such as stevia. (blendtek.com)
  • Compared to conventional sweeteners like sucrose, erythritol offers similar sweetness but with significantly fewer calories. (blendtek.com)
  • Erythritol from manufacturer Wolfberry is a category of products with erythritol, which ranks among popular sweeteners. (gymbeam.com)
  • Bulk erythritol and xylitol are the popular ones among all the sweeteners, and do you know their differences? (bestnutras.com)
  • buy erythritol Natural Sweeteners sells one of the best natural & organic sweeteners at affordable prices according to customers' specific needs & requirements. (redlinels.com)
  • Erythritol is 60-70% as sweet as sucrose (table sugar). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the present study, sucrose and erythritol were applied to blueberries and effects of these combinations on fly mortality and fecundity were monitored in the lab and greenhouse. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In the lab, two sucrose/erythritol formulations (0.5M sucrose/2M erythritol, 1M sucrose/2M erythritol) resulted in the highest mortality and the lowest fecundity among D. suzukii adults. (oregonstate.edu)
  • fly survival with 0.5M sucrose/2M erythritol was significantly lower than 1M sucrose/2M erythritol for 7days. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Unlike sucrose, a large amount of erythritol was observed in the hemolymph of the fly that ingested 0.5M sucrose/0.5M erythritol. (oregonstate.edu)
  • For practical application, the sucrose/erythritol combination would be more effective than erythritol alone because the combination tastes sweeter to elicit more feeding. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Suitable for diabetics - Erythritol does not raise blood sugar levels, and … Erythritol is only 70% as sweet as sugar and has a small fraction of the calories. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • Erythritol is almost as sweet as normal sugar, and this makes it useful for healthy eating because you can get something almost as sweet as sugar, with Zero calories. (k9magazinefree.com)
  • Erythritol is unique from other sugar alcohols because it contains zero calories. (hs-labs.eu)
  • With only 6% of the calories of sugar, it still contains 70% of the sweetness meaning you can substitute sugar with erythritol at a 1:1.25 ratio. (wholefoodearth.com)
  • Erythritol is found in nature and offers an intensely sweet flavor without any calories. (millcreekgeneralstore.com)
  • 1. Low-calorie content: Erythritol contains only about 0.2 calories per gram, making it an attractive option for those watching their caloric intake. (yanggebiotech.com)
  • Erythritol is also commercially produced using fermentation. (hs-labs.eu)
  • For commercial use, erythritol is produced by fermentation. (blendtek.com)
  • It is produced through a fermentation process, where specific types of yeast or bacteria convert the plant sugars into erythritol. (yanggebiotech.com)
  • Our Organic Erythritol is produced by fermentation from corn. (nutrafoodingredients.com)
  • Is Erythritol Safe for Dogs [2023 ] Bad or Toxic for Puppies to Have? (k9magazinefree.com)
  • Ingredients Erythritol, Oligosaccharides and Natural Flavors. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • Instead of using tons of water, we vacuum seal the ingredients together and apply heat to capture the sweetness of monk fruit extract and perfectly embed it with our carrier crystal erythritol. (sugarlike.ca)
  • The glycemic index (GI) of erythritol is 0% of the GI for glucose and the insulin index (II) is 2% of the II for glucose. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythritol is manufactured using enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch from corn to generate glucose. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glucose is then fermented with yeast or another fungus to produce erythritol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythritol does not impact blood glucose or insulin secretion and contributes to oral health. (hs-labs.eu)
  • ADM Erythritol is produced from the fermentive conversion of glucose, filtration, ion-exchange, crystallization and evaporation. (imcdca.com)
  • erythritol has no effect on glucose or insulin levels. (yanggebiotech.com)
  • Manufacturers like Now foods produce erythritol that are gluten free, you could choose to buy that or any other gluten free erythritol or better still stay away from buying erythritol. (k9magazinefree.com)
  • Erythritol has no effect on blood sugar or blood insulin levels and therefore may become an effective substitute for sugar for diabetics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythritol is a substitute for traditional sugar especially recommended for diabetics because it has zero energy value. (geneticuae.com)
  • This is the case even though erythritol is almost always found in the form of white crystals or powder and it does not turn red as a result of chemical reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hi Logan, You shared in this write-up that you measure out the granulated erythritol and then use a coffee grinder to turn it to powder. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • So what you need to turn your regular erythritol into keto confectioner's sugar is your bag of regular erythritol, a touch of arrowroot powder or cornstarch, and a high-speed blender. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • PolySWEET® Erythritol Powder is ideal for beverage, bakery, frozen, confectionary, and dairy applications while significantly reducing caloric value. (advancedingredients.com)
  • Available as a 60-mesh crystalline or 100-mesh fine powder, make PolySWEET® your "go to" erythritol source today. (advancedingredients.com)
  • Doesn't miss out on the opportunity to harness the power of Erythritol bulk powder and take your products to the next level. (yanggebiotech.com)
  • The glycemic index of erythritol is 0, thanks to which it does not raise blood sugar. (geneticuae.com)
  • Personally, I find that erythritol is well-tolerated by my body and has a low glycemic index, which means it doesn't raise my blood sugar levels. (meroguff.com)
  • Erythritol is the only one that has a glycemic index of zero and is easier to digest. (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • Erythritol (/ɪˈrɪθrɪtɒl/, US: /-tɔːl, -toʊl/) is an organic compound, the naturally occurring achiral meso four-carbon sugar alcohol (or polyol). (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythritol is a type of carbohydrate called a sugar alcohol, or polyol. (hs-labs.eu)
  • Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (also referred to as polyol), which has been approved to use as a food additive in the United States along with the rest of the world. (redlinels.com)
  • Erythritol is a polyol, which is a sugar alcohol. (maltaelitesupps.com)
  • Erythritol is a sugar alcohol (or polyol) that is derived from plant sugars, typically found in fruits and vegetables such as corn, melons, grapes, and pears. (yanggebiotech.com)
  • Erythritol occurs naturally in some fruit and fermented foods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythritol occurs naturally in a variety of foods (e.g., grapes, mushrooms, pears and watermelon) and some fermented foods and beverages like beer, cheese, sake, soy sauce and wine. (hs-labs.eu)
  • Erythritol occurs naturally in some fruits and fermented foods, while manufacturers add a industrially fermentated version to low sugar and sugar-free food and drink options. (hs-labs.eu)
  • Erythritol occurs naturally in a variety of fruits and fermented foods. (blendtek.com)
  • No1 Bio Organic Erythritol occurs naturally in many fruits, including melons. (maltaelitesupps.com)
  • Previously, we studied various combinations of non-nutritive sugars including erythritol and erythrose having a potentially insecticidal effect on Drosophila suzukii. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Low-calorie sugars and sugar alcohols such as erythritol were excluded. (medscape.com)
  • As a test of safety, scientists assessed doses for erythritol where symptoms of mild gastrointestinal upset occurred, such as nausea, excess flatus, abdominal bloating or pain, and stool frequency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, I have noticed that erythritol is significantly sweeter than regular cane sugar, and consuming it in excessive amounts can lead to gastrointestinal problems like bloating, gas, or diarrhea. (meroguff.com)
  • 3. High digestive tolerance: Unlike some other sugar alcohols, erythritol is less likely to cause gastrointestinal side effects, as it is mostly absorbed in the small intestine and excreted unchanged in the urine. (yanggebiotech.com)
  • Most erythritol is absorbed in the small intestine and excreted unchanged in the urine, which reduces the risk of gastrointestinal side effects and minimizes its impact on the kidneys. (yanggebiotech.com)
  • Kim Y, Park SC, Wolf BW, Hertzler SR. Combination of erythritol and fructose increases gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults. (medscape.com)
  • In small doses, erythritol does not normally cause laxative effects and gas or bloating, as are often experienced after consumption of other sugar alcohols (such as maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol, and lactitol). (wikipedia.org)
  • New findings indicate that adding sugar alcohols such as erythritol, sorbitol, and xylitol may reduce this undesirable turbidity. (foodnavigator-usa.com)
  • In terms of sugar alcohols at pH 4.0, when erythritol, sorbitol, and xylitol were used at a higher concentration of 50 millimoles, the clarity of the beverages was improved. (foodnavigator-usa.com)
  • Erythritol is part of the family of sugar alcohols, which are found in nature, but it is unique compared to others such as sorbitol or maltitol. (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • In research focusing on sugar alternatives, erythritol is a key issue due to its, compared to other polyols, challenging production. (hs-labs.eu)
  • We carry premium, non-GMO pure erythritol and allulose , as well as our signature Besti monk fruit blends with erythritol or allulose, for easy 1:1 sugar alternatives in granulated and powdered form. (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • Many sugar alternatives have a chemical or bitter aftertaste, but erythritol does not. (wholesomeyumfoods.com)
  • For individuals with kidney problems or a predisposition to kidney disease, it's essential to consider the potential impact of dietary choices, including sugar alternatives like erythritol, on kidney health. (yanggebiotech.com)
  • Erythritol is therefore a great alternative to xylitol also because it is not laxative like xylitol. (hammaskeiju.fi)
  • Erythritol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol that can be gotten from various natural sources like fruits, fermented foods and vegetables. (k9magazinefree.com)
  • Erythritol is found naturally in fruits like grapes, peaches, pears and watermelon. (hs-labs.eu)
  • Erythritol, discovered in the mid-nineteenth century and safely used ever since, is valued for providing the sweetness of sugar without any of the adverse side-effects sometimes associated with other sugar substitutes. (millcreekgeneralstore.com)
  • In the body, most erythritol is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine, and then for the most part excreted unchanged in the urine. (wikipedia.org)
  • When erythritol is ingested, roughly 90% of it is absorbed into the bloodstream before it makes it to the large intestine. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • The product is prepared by co-crystallizing Erythritol and Stevioside or Mogroside(Monk fruit/Luo Han Guo) or Sucralose, and retain the original features of various components. (doeastchem.com)
  • The primary sources of Erythritol are some fruits as well as fermented foods. (redlinels.com)
  • The recommended daily use of erythritol is the same as with xylitol, ie at least 5 grams, ie when you eat at least 10 Hammaskeiju pastilles daily, a dose that is important for oral health is met. (hammaskeiju.fi)
  • It's recommended that adults consume no more than 0.45 grams of erythritol per pound of body weight per day (or one gram of erythritol per kilogram of body weight), which would be 68 grams of erythritol for someone weighing 150 pounds. (yanggebiotech.com)
  • There are sometimes little or negligible amounts of gluten in erythritol made from grains. (k9magazinefree.com)
  • The mild sweetness of erythritol allows for a volume-for-volume replacement of sugar, whereas sweeter sugar substitutes need fillers that result in a noticeably different texture in baked products. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nutritional labeling of erythritol in food products varies from country to country. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythritol and xylitol are two polyols which are currently widely used in products ranging from reduced-sugar foods to personal care and cosmetics. (nih.gov)
  • Given the potential health benefits of oral products formulated with erythritol and the data presented herein substantiating the safe use in dogs, erythritol can be safely used in products for canines. (nih.gov)
  • In conclusion, erythritol is a great option for food manufacturers seeking to reduce the caloric content of their products without sacrificing taste. (blendtek.com)
  • Erythritol, due to its low caloric content, is commonly used in calorie-reduced and sugar-free products. (foodcom.pl)
  • In addition to erythritol and xylitol, there are a few more products that can replace sugar. (ekogram.pl)
  • If you want to any additional information about natural alternatives including many others along with Erythritol, go through online resources. (redlinels.com)
  • This process is very energy intensive as they dissolve their monk fruit extract in water, blend it together then spray it onto erythritol. (sugarlike.ca)
  • About 90% is absorbed before it enters the large intestine, and since erythritol is not digested by intestinal bacteria, the remaining 10% is excreted in the feces. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, erythritol is almost completely noncaloric, and does not affect blood sugar or cause tooth decay. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, erythritol, similarly to xylitol, has antibacterial effects against streptococci bacteria, reduces dental plaque, and may be protective against tooth decay. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythritol has been shown to prevent tooth decay and reduce plaque formation on the tooth surface. (hammaskeiju.fi)
  • Consumption of foods/beverages containing erythritol instead of sugar helps maintain tooth mineralization. (sugarfreeeu.com)
  • Substitute for Powdered Sugar - Anthony's Confectioner's Erythritol can be used as a substitute for any recipe that calls for powdered sugar. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • Use erythritol in the same way you would sugar, just substitute 1 tsp sugar for 1+1/4 tsp erythritol. (wholefoodearth.com)
  • Recently, a study was conducted on the commonly used sugar substitute erythritol to examine its effects on heart disease risk. (meroguff.com)
  • Overall, I believe that erythritol is a safe sugar substitute for most people when consumed in moderation. (meroguff.com)
  • Erythritol, also known as erythritol, is considered a healthy sugar substitute. (ekogram.pl)
  • Erythritol is a healthy and much less caloric sugar substitute. (ekogram.pl)
  • We examined presence of erythritol in the hemolymph and frass to determine the nutritional metabolism and absorption of erythritol in D. suzukii. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that has a low calorie content and minimal impact on blood sugar levels. (yanggebiotech.com)
  • Eliminate sugar from your diet completely and replace it with sweet and healthy BeKeto™ erythritol. (maltaelitesupps.com)
  • The 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis has come under increased scrutiny as a target for novel antimalarial, antibacterial and herbicidal agents. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • 100% pure Erythritol & Xylitol - No fillers, flow agents or other additives. (naturaline.in)
  • Erythritol is primarily used in bakes goods, chewing gum and beverages. (redlinels.com)
  • Try replacing sugar with erythritol and reduce your sugar and calorie intake. (gymbeam.com)
  • Effect of erythritol formulation on the mortality, fecundity and physiological excretion in Drosophila suzukii. (oregonstate.edu)
  • This erythritol formulation can be a potential insecticide used alone or as a delivery agent combined with conventional or biological insecticides to enhance their efficacy. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In the current batch, there was small crystal formation from the erythritol during production and increased staining of the crystals from the apple extract. (sugarfreeeu.com)
  • 100 g of erythritol contains only 20 kcal, while the commonly used sugar in 100 g has as much as 405 kcal. (ekogram.pl)