Ergosterol. Medical search

Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)

A triterpene that derives from the chair-boat-chair-boat folding of 2,3-oxidosqualene. It is metabolized to CHOLESTEROL and CUCURBITACINS.

Cholestadiene derivatives containing a hydroxy group anywhere in the molecule.

Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.

Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.

Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom.

The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antifungal agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation.

An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa.

A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Derivatives of the saturated steroid cholestane with methyl groups at C-18 and C-19 and an iso-octyl side chain at C-17.

Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.

Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.

Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.

An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.

Cholesterol derivatives having an additional double bond in any position. 24-Dehydrocholesterol is DESMOSTEROL. The other most prevalent dehydrocholesterol is the 7-isomer. This compound is a precursor of cholesterol and of vitamin D3.

A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES.

Enzymes that catalyze the transposition of double bond(s) in a steroid molecule. EC 5.3.3.

The second enzyme in the committed pathway for CHOLESTEROL biosynthesis, this enzyme catalyzes the first oxygenation step in the biosynthesis of STEROLS and is thought to be a rate limiting enzyme in this pathway. Specifically, this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of SQUALENE to (S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide.

The first committed enzyme of the biosynthesis pathway that leads to the production of STEROLS. it catalyzes the synthesis of SQUALENE from farnesyl pyrophosphate via the intermediate PRESQUALENE PYROPHOSPHATE. This enzyme is also a critical branch point enzyme in the biosynthesis of ISOPRENOIDS that is thought to regulate the flux of isoprene intermediates through the sterol pathway.

Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically.

A synthetic antifungal agent.

A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.

Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains kukulkanin, a CHALCONE.

A class of organic compounds known as STEROLS or STEROIDS derived from plants.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.

A macrolide antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces lucensis.

Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.

A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from one compound to another. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.1.1.

Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.

An imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal CELL MEMBRANES. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane.

Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

A change of a substance from one form or state to another.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.

A large and heterogenous group of fungi whose common characteristic is the absence of a sexual state. Many of the pathogenic fungi in humans belong to this group.

A mitosporic fungal genus and an anamorphic form of Arthroderma. Various species attack the skin, nails, and hair.

An extensive order of basidiomycetous fungi whose fruiting bodies are commonly called mushrooms.

Hydrocarbons with more than one double bond. They are a reduced form of POLYYNES.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

Materials in intermediate state between solid and liquid.

A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; vulvovaginal candidiasis (CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL), and thrush (see CANDIDIASIS, ORAL). (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

Steroid derivatives formed by oxidation of a methyl group on the side chain or a methylene group in the ring skeleton to form a ketone.

A species of MITOSPORIC FUNGI commonly found on the body surface. It causes opportunistic infections especially in immunocompromised patients.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE best known for the thyme spice added to foods.

A class of membrane lipids that have a polar head and two nonpolar tails. They are composed of one molecule of the long-chain amino alcohol sphingosine (4-sphingenine) or one of its derivatives, one molecule of a long-chain acid, a polar head alcohol and sometimes phosphoric acid in diester linkage at the polar head group. (Lehninger et al, Principles of Biochemistry, 2nd ed)

Agents destructive to the protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder TRYPANOSOMATINA.

A mitosporic fungal genus including one species which forms a toxin in moldy hay that may cause a serious illness in horses.

A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes.

A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.

A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family Trichocomaceae.

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

The motion of phospholipid molecules within the lipid bilayer, dependent on the classes of phospholipids present, their fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation of the acyl chains, the cholesterol concentration, and temperature.

A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.

A mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, of the POLYPORALES order of basidiomycetous fungi. It has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine in various forms.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The dry cells of any suitable strain of SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE or CANDIDA. It can be obtained as a by-product from the brewing of beer or by growing on media not suitable for beer production. Dried yeast serves as a source of protein and VITAMIN B COMPLEX.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A plant genus in the family APIACEAE (Umbelliferae) that is used in SPICES and is a source of anethole.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.

A genus of basiodiomycetous fungi in the family Coriolaceae. Members are known for infesting wood.

The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance phenotype may be attributed to multiple gene mutations.

A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent. It was formerly used as a vermifuge.

Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.

Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl-, phospho-, amino- or other groups from one position within a molecule to another. EC 5.4.

A genus of basidiomyceteous fungi in the family POLYPORACEAE found mostly on living trees or dead wood.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have been characterized.

Compounds consisting of glucosamine and lactate joined by an ether linkage. They occur naturally as N-acetyl derivatives in peptidoglycan, the characteristic polysaccharide composing bacterial cell walls. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, a common saprophyte and facultative parasite of mature fruits and vegetables. It may cause cerebral mycoses in diabetes and cutaneous infection in severely burned patients.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Detergent-insoluble CELL MEMBRANE components. They are enriched in SPHINGOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL and clustered with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins.

A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794)

A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

Specific hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductases that utilize the cofactor NAD. In liver enzymes of this class are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis.

A genus of ascomycetous fungi (ASCOMYCOTA), family Clavicipitaceae, order HYPOCREALES, that grows by infecting insect larvae or mature insects with spores that germinate often before the cocoon is formed.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Organic compounds that are acyclic and contain three acid groups. A member of this class is citric acid which is the first product formed by reaction of pyruvate and oxaloacetate. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p443)

A basidiomycetous fungal genus of the family Agaricaceae, order Agaricales, which includes the field mushroom (A. campestris) and the commercial mushroom (A. bisporus).

A mitosporic Trichocomaceae fungal genus that develops fruiting organs resembling a broom. When identified, teleomorphs include EUPENICILLIUM and TALAROMYCES. Several species (but especially PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM) are sources of the antibiotic penicillin.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including some economically important plant parasites. Teleomorphs include Mycosphaerella and Venturia.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.

A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic fumigatin is obtained. Its spores may cause respiratory infection in birds and mammals.

Supplies used in building.

Cells, usually bacteria or yeast, which have partially lost their cell wall, lost their characteristic shape and become round.

Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.

The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Deuterium. The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.

The complete gene complement contained in a set of chromosomes in a fungus.

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Ribonucleic acid in fungi having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Sets of enzymatic reactions occurring in organisms and that form biochemicals by making new covalent bonds.

A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.

Sterol regulatory element binding proteins are basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors that bind the sterol regulatory element TCACNCCAC. They are synthesized as precursors that are threaded into the MEMBRANES of the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of PHENYLALANINE to form trans-cinnamate and ammonia.

Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES isolated from exuded tree sap.

The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. Its vertebrate hosts are man and various domestic and wild animals. Insects of several species are vectors.

Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.

A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Differential thermal analysis in which the sample compartment of the apparatus is a differential calorimeter, allowing an exact measure of the heat of transition independent of the specific heat, thermal conductivity, and other variables of the sample.

A part of the embryo in a seed plant. The number of cotyledons is an important feature in classifying plants. In seeds without an endosperm, they store food which is used in germination. In some plants, they emerge above the soil surface and become the first photosynthetic leaves. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408)

A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.

Substances that are destructive to protozoans.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of fungi, and MYCOSES.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to an ethanolamine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and ethanolamine and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the measurement is made. The physical property may be with regard to thermal or electric conductivity or light refraction. In crystallography, it describes crystals whose index of refraction varies with the direction of the incident light. It is also called acolotropy and colotropy. The opposite of anisotropy is isotropy wherein the same values characterize the object when measured along axes in all directions.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

The use of chemical compounds to prevent the development of a specific disease.

A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.

Thin layers of tissue which cover parts of the body, separate adjacent cavities, or connect adjacent structures.

An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

A hexosaminidase specific for non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides. It acts on GLUCOSIDES; GALACTOSIDES; and several OLIGOSACCHARIDES. Two specific mammalian isoenzymes of beta-N-acetylhexoaminidase are referred to as HEXOSAMINIDASE A and HEXOSAMINIDASE B. Deficiency of the type A isoenzyme causes TAY-SACHS DISEASE, while deficiency of both A and B isozymes causes SANDHOFF DISEASE. The enzyme has also been used as a tumor marker to distinguish between malignant and benign disease.

A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Schizosaccharomycetaceae, order Schizosaccharomycetales.

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

The adherence and merging of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artificial membranes to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes.

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to C21 pregnenolone in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the breakage between C20 and C22 which is the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of various gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Proton-translocating ATPases that are involved in acidification of a variety of intracellular compartments.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS.

A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They include several nucleic acid constituents (CYTOSINE; THYMINE; and URACIL) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things.

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells such as the GOBLET CELLS.

A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)

A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Transcriptional regulation of the squalene synthase gene (ERG9) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1/600)

The ergosterol biosynthetic pathway is a specific branch of the mevalonate pathway. Since the cells requirement for sterols is greater than for isoprenoids, sterol biosynthesis must be regulated independently of isoprenoid biosynthesis. In this study we explored the transcriptional regulation of squalene synthase (ERG9) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the first enzyme dedicated to the synthesis of sterols. A mutant search was performed to identify genes that were involved in the regulation of the expression of an ERG9-lacZ promoter fusion. Mutants with phenotypes consistent with known sterol biosynthetic mutations (ERG3, ERG7, ERG24) increased expression of ERG9. In addition, treatment of wild-type cells with the sterol inhibitors zaragozic acid and ketoconazole, which target squalene synthase and the C-14 sterol demethylase respectively, also caused an increase in ERG9 expression. The data also demonstrate that heme mutants increased ERG9 expression while anaerobic conditions decreased expression. Additionally, the heme activator protein transcription factors HAP1 and HAP2/3/4, the yeast activator protein transcription factor yAP-1, and the phospholipid transcription factor complex INO2/4 regulate ERG9 expression. ERG9 expression is decreased in hap1, hap2/3/4, and yap-1 mutants while ino2/4 mutants showed an increase in ERG9 expression. This study demonstrates that ERG9 transcription is regulated by several diverse factors, consistent with the idea that as the first step dedicated to the synthesis of sterols, squalene synthase gene expression and ultimately sterol biosynthesis is highly regulated. (+info)

The yeast multidrug resistance pump, Pdr5p, confers reduced drug resistance in erg mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (2/600)

Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae bearing lesions in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway exhibit a pleiotropic drug-sensitive phenotype. This has been reported to result from an increased permeability of the membranes of the mutant strains to different drugs. As disruption of the yeast multidrug resistance protein, Pdr5p, results in a similar pleiotropic drug-sensitive phenotype, the possibility that Pdr5p may be functioning with a reduced efficiency in these altered sterol backgrounds was examined. To do this, the function of Pdr5p in isogenic strains of S. cerevisiae that have disruptions in the late stages of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway (ERG6, ERG2, ERG3, ERG4) was studied. A reduced ability of Pdr5p to confer resistance to different drugs in these strains was observed, which did not appear to be dependent solely on the permeability of the membrane towards the drug. A simultaneous examination was made of how the lipid composition might be altering the efficiency of Pdr5p by similar studies in strains lacking phosphatidylserine synthase (encoded by CHO1). The results indicated that the drug sensitivity of the erg strains is, to a significant extent, a result of the reduced efficiency of the Pdr5p efflux pump, and that the membrane environment plays an important role in determining the drug resistance conferred by Pdr5p. (+info)

Comprehensive evaluation of isoprenoid biosynthesis regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizing the Genome Reporter Matrix. (3/600)

Gene expression profiling is rapidly becoming a mainstay of functional genomic studies. However, there have been relatively few studies of how the data from expression profiles integrate with more classic approaches to examine gene expression. This study used gene expression profiling of a portion of the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to explore the impact of blocks in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway on the expression of genes and the regulation of this pathway. Approximately 50% of the genes whose expression was altered by blocks in isoprenoid biosynthesis were genes previously known to participate in the pathway. In contrast to this simple correspondence, the regulatory patterns revealed by different blocks, and in particular by antifungal azoles, was complex in a manner not anticipated by earlier studies. (+info)

Differential inhibitory effects of protoberberines on sterol and chitin biosyntheses in Candida albicans. (4/600)

The anti-Candida potentials of 12 Korean medicinal plants were explored: methanol extracts from Coptis rhizoma and Phellodendron amurense caused significant inhibition of growth of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The predominant active components of the extracts were the protoberberines berberine and palmatine; the most potent inhibition of growth was exhibited by berberine on C. krusei (MIC <4 mg/L) and palmatine on C. parapsilosis (MIC 16 mg/L). Both berberine and palmatine inhibited the in-vivo rate of incorporation of L-[methyl-14C]methionine into C-24 of ergosterol in C. albicans (50% inhibition concentration (IC50 values), 25 microM and 300 microM, respectively); this result suggests that sterol 24-methyl transferase (24-SMT) is one of the cellular targets for the antifungal activity of the protoberberines. In-vitro 24-SMT activity in microsomes from the yeast growth form of C. albicans was inhibited by both berberine (inhibition constant (Ki) 232 microM) and palmatine (Ki 257 microM) in a non-competitive manner; inhibition of 24-SMT was more marked for the mycelial form than for the yeast growth form of this organism. Palmatine inhibited chitin synthase from both the yeast and mycelial growth phases of C. albicans in a non-competitive manner (Ki 780 microM). The effects of protoberberines, extracted from established medicinal plants, on both sterol and cell wall biosyntheses in pathogenic fungi indicate that the potential of these compounds, or their semi-synthetic derivatives, as a novel class of antifungal agents should be investigated more fully. (+info)

Microscopic fungi in dwellings and their health implications in humans. (5/600)

The article reviews the quantitative and qualitative incidence of microscopic filamentous fungi in dwellings, methods for their detection, mycotoxins, glucans and volatile organic compounds produced by microscopic fungi in the indoor air of homes. Characteristics and properties of the most important species of fungi in dwellings (Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Stachybotrys spp., and Wallemia spp.) and the health problems of occupants of the "moldy homes are also discussed. (+info)

The 2.1 A structure of an elicitin-ergosterol complex: a recent addition to the Sterol Carrier Protein family. (6/600)

Elicitins, produced by most of the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Phytophthora, provoke in tobacco both remote leaf necrosis and the induction of a resistance against subsequent attack by various microorganisms. Despite the recent description of the three-dimensional crystal structure of cryptogein (CRY), the molecular basis of the interactions between Phytophthora and plants largely remains unknown. The X-ray crystal structure, refined at 2.1 A, of a ligand complexed, mutated CRY, K13H, is reported. Analysis of this structure reveals that CRY is able to encapsulate a ligand that induces only a minor conformational change in the protein structure. The ligand has been identified as an ergosterol by gas chromatographic analysis coupled with mass spectrometry analysis. This result is consistent with biochemical data that have shown that elicitins are a distinct class of Sterol Carrier Proteins (SCP). Data presented here provide the first structural description of the pertinent features of the elicitin sterol interaction and permit a reassessment of the importance of both the key residue 13 and the mobility of the omega loop for the accessibility of the sterol to the cavity. The biological implications thereof are discussed. This paper reports the first structure of a SCP/sterol complex. (+info)

5-Fluorocytosine antagonizes the action of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors in Candida glabrata. (7/600)

The concentration-dependent antagonistic interaction between 5-fluorocytosine and a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (SBI) was studied using intact cells and cell-free extracts of Candida glabrata. 5-Fluorocytosine promoted incorporation of radioactivity into 4-desmethylsterols (P < 0.01), and enhanced the relative and absolute increases of ergosterol (P < 0.05) in C. glabrata incubated aerobically with an SBI (miconazole or amorolfine). Further aerobic incubation of C. glabrata with combinations of a nucleic acid or protein synthesis inhibitor (rifampicin or chlortetracycline) and an SBI (miconazole) promoted a similar increase in ergosterol biosynthesis. In contrast, 5-fluorocytosine reduced the incorporation of radioactivity into 4,4-dimethylsterols (P < 0.01), but had no obvious effect on the absolute ergosterol level in C. glabrata incubated statically with miconazole. In cell-free extracts of cultures previously incubated with 5-fluorocytosine, ergosterol synthesis was less sensitive to the action of miconazole. Antagonism between 5-fluorocytosine and the SBI is thus mediated by a reversal of inhibition of intracellular ergosterol synthesis. The possible mechanisms underlying antagonism between 5-fluorocytosine and SBIs that inhibit different sites of the sterol biosynthesis pathway, as well as its clinical relevance to combination therapy, are discussed. (+info)

Elicitins trap and transfer sterols from micelles, liposomes and plant plasma membranes. (8/600)

Using elicitins, proteins secreted by some phytopathogenic Oomycetes (Phytophthora) known to be able to transfer sterols between phospholipid vesicles, the transfer of sterols between micelles, liposomes and biological membranes was studied. Firstly, a simple fluorometric method to screen the sterol-carrier capacity of proteins, avoiding the preparation of sterol-containing phospholipidic vesicles, is proposed. The transfer of sterols between DHE micelles (donor) and stigmasterol or cholesterol micelles (acceptor) was directly measured, as the increase in DHE fluorescence signal. The results obtained with this rapid and easy method lead to the same conclusions as those previously reported, using fluorescence polarization of a mixture of donor and acceptor phospholipid vesicles, prepared in the presence of different sterols. Therefore, the micelles method can be useful to screen proteins for their sterol carrier activity. Secondly, elicitins are shown to trap sterols from purified plant plasma membranes and to transfer sterols from micelles to these biological membranes. This property should contribute to understand the molecular mechanism involved in sterol uptake by Phytophthora. It opens new perspectives concerning the role of such proteins in plant-microorganism interactions. (+info)

Types of candidiasis:

1. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC): a common infection that affects the vagina and vulva; symptoms include itching, burning, and abnormal discharge.
2. Oral thrush (OT): an infection that affects the mouth, often seen in infants and people with weakened immune systems; symptoms include white patches on the tongue and inside the cheeks.
3. Invasive candidiasis (IC): a severe infection that can spread throughout the body, often seen in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy; symptoms include fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
4. Candidal balanitis: an infection of the foreskin and glans of the penis; symptoms include redness, swelling, and pain.
5. Diaper rash: a common skin infection that affects infants who wear diapers; symptoms include redness, swelling, and irritability.

Causes and risk factors:

1. Overgrowth of Candida fungus due to an imbalance of the normal flora.
2. Use of antibiotics or steroids that can disrupt the balance of the body's natural flora.
3. Weakened immune system, such as in people with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy.
4. Poor hygiene and sanitation.
5. Diabetes mellitus.
6. Pregnancy.
7. Obesity.

Diagnosis:

1. Physical examination and medical history.
2. Microscopic examination of a scraping or biopsy specimen.
3. Cultures of skin, blood, or other body fluids.
4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other molecular diagnostic techniques to detect the presence of the fungus.

Treatment:

1. Topical antifungal medications, such as clotrimazole, miconazole, or terbinafine, applied directly to the affected area.
2. Oral antifungal medications, such as fluconazole or itraconazole, for more severe infections or those that do not respond to topical treatment.
3. Antibiotics if there is a secondary bacterial infection.
4. Supportive care, such as pain management and wound care.
5. Proper hygiene and sanitation practices.
6. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for intravenous antifungal medications and close monitoring.

Prevention:

1. Practice good hygiene and sanitation.
2. Avoid sharing personal items, such as towels or clothing.
3. Wash hands before touching the affected area.
4. Keep the affected area clean and dry.
5. Use of antifungal powders or sprays on the affected area.
6. Avoid using harsh soaps or cleansers that can irritate the skin.
7. Wear shoes in public areas to prevent exposure to fungal spores.
8. Avoid sharing bathing or showering facilities with others.
9. Dry thoroughly after bathing or swimming.
10. Use of antifungal medications as a prophylactic measure in high-risk individuals, such as those with weakened immune systems.

It's important to note that the best treatment and prevention strategies will depend on the specific type of fungus causing the infection, as well as the severity and location of the infection. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The symptoms of aspergillosis depend on the location and severity of the infection. In the lungs, it may cause coughing, fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. In the sinuses, it can cause headaches, facial pain, and nasal congestion. In the brain, it can cause seizures, confusion, and weakness.

Aspergillosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, along with a biopsy to confirm the presence of Aspergillus fungi.

Treatment of aspergillosis depends on the severity and location of the infection. In mild cases, treatment may involve antifungal medications and supportive care such as oxygen therapy and pain management. In severe cases, treatment may require hospitalization and intravenous antifungal medications.

Preventive measures for aspergillosis include avoiding exposure to dusty or damp environments, managing chronic conditions such as asthma and COPD, and taking antifungal medications as prescribed.

Aspergillosis can be a serious condition, especially in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with cancer, HIV/AIDS, or taking immunosuppressive drugs. In severe cases, aspergillosis can lead to life-threatening complications such as respiratory failure, sepsis, and organ damage.

In conclusion, aspergillosis is a common fungal infection that can affect various parts of the body, and it can be serious and potentially life-threatening, especially in people with weakened immune systems. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Amphotericin B, an antifungal drug, targets ergosterol. It binds physically to ergosterol within the membrane, thus creating a ... of ergosterol giving it antioxidant properties. Because ergosterol is present in cell membranes of fungi, yet absent in those ... inhibiting synthesis of ergosterol from lanosterol by interfering with 14α-demethylase. Ergosterol is a smaller molecule than ... the common name of members of the fungal genus Claviceps from which ergosterol was first isolated. Ergosterol is a component of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergosterol

... (5α,8α-epidioxy-22E-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol) is a steroid derivative. It has been isolated from a variety ... Nam KS, Jo YS, Kim YH, Hyun JW, Kim HW (2001). "Cytotoxic activities of acetoxyscirpenediol and ergosterol peroxide from ... Kahols K, Kangas L, Hiltunen R (1989). "Ergosterol peroxide, an active compound from Inonotus radiatus". Planta Medica. 55 (4 ... Lindequist U, Lesnau A, Teuscher E, Pilgrim H (1989). "Antiviral activity of ergosterol peroxide". Pharmazie. 44 (8): 579-80. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergosterol_peroxide

Ergosterol (provitamin D2) found in these fungi is converted to previtamin D2 on UV exposure, which then turns into vitamin D2 ... Science Service (1930). "Viosterol official name for irradiated ergosterol". Journal of Chemical Education. 7 (1): 166. Bibcode ... on ergosterol, a form of provitamin D2. Like cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol is inactive by itself. It requires two ... the name given to early preparations of irradiated ergosterol, is essentially synonymous with ergocalciferol. However, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergocalciferol

Low concentrations of ergosterol are present. Brennandania lambi (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) is a mite pest of fungi culture in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hericium_erinaceus

Gao JM, Wang M, Wei GH, Zhang AL, Draghici C, Konishi Y (2007). "Ergosterol peroxides as phospholipase A2 inhibitors from the ... Studies on highly purified ergosterol and its esters" (PDF). Journal of Biological Chemistry. 80: 15-23. Honeywell EM, Bills CE ... Its structure was determined in 1954 by comparison with a sample that was chemically synthesized from ergosterol. Purified ... Ceccherelli P, Fringuelli R, Madruzza GF (1975). "Cerevisterol and ergosterol peroxide from Acremonium luzulae". Phytochemistry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerevisterol

Ergosterol is not a plant sterol. Ergosterol is a component of fungal cell membranes, serving the same function in fungi that ... for comparison Cholesterol Ergosterol The richest naturally occurring sources of phytosterols are vegetable oils and products ... Further removal of hydrogens from carbons 7 and 8 from brassicasterol yields ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol). Important ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytosterol

Ergosterol has also been isolated from A. caesarea. Amanita caesarea is a highly appreciated mushroom in Europe. It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_caesarea

In fungi, lanosterol is then converted to ergosterol; in humans, lanosterol becomes cholesterol. However, as fungi and animals ... Like other allylamines, terbinafine inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes ... making it selective for inhibiting ergosterol production in fungi without significantly affecting cholesterol production in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbinafine

Both itraconazole and fluconazole inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol which is an important component of fungal cell membranes ... Squalene epoxidase contributes to the formation of ergosterol. Terbinafine inhibits squalene epoxidase thereby preventing cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsporum_audouinii

In certain fungi, it is the precursor to ergosterol. However, blue-green algae and some bacteria do not produce squalene. ... which can be elaborated into other steroids such as cholesterol and ergosterol in a multistep process by the removal of three ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squalene

Lees ND, Skaggs B, Kirsch DR, Bard M (March 1995). "Cloning of the late genes in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway of ... The predominant sterol in fungal cell membranes is ergosterol. Sterols are steroids in which one of the hydrogen atoms is ... Lanosterol can then be converted into other steroids such as cholesterol and ergosterol. Beta oxidation is the metabolic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

It is a steroid demethylation inhibitor, specifically inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis. Ergosterol is a critical component of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myclobutanil

Ergosterol replaces cholesterol found in the cell membranes of mammalian cells. Antifungal medications that target ergosterol ... When ergosterol is damaged, it causes the contents inside the fungal cells to leak out, preventing further reproduction of ... The impaired synthesis of ergosterol leads to a cascade of membrane defects. Hence, fungal cell growth is inhibited due to the ... They work in a similar way as azoles but have their effects earlier on in the ergosterol synthesis pathway. Allylamines allow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_antifungal_drugs

Nasir MN, Besson F (May 2012). "Interactions of the antifungal mycosubtilin with ergosterol-containing interfacial monolayers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopeptide

"Increasing Vitamin D2 with Ergosterol for Calcium Absorption in Sugarcane." UC Davis COSMOS. July 2009. 17 October 2010. NGUYEN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_deficiency_(plant_disorder)

Ergosterol is a critical component of the fungal cell membrane. Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis prevents fungal cells from ... Tryptophan is found in the fungal membrane in addition to lipids such as ergosterol. The benzothiophene ring in sertaconazole ... sertaconazole blocks the synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting the 14α-demethylase enzyme. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertaconazole

Ergosterol, β-Sitosterol, and Stigmasterol". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 54 (3): 730-734. doi:10.1021/je800395m. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Sitosterol

Amphotericin B binds to ergosterol, found in fungal cell membranes. This causes ion and sugar leakage progressing to cell death ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtheimia_corymbifera

... or mutations that decrease the ergosterol content) to develop resistance to drugs that target ergosterol. Ergosterol is ... Ergosterol is responsible for the vitamin D content found in mushrooms; ergosterol is chemically converted into provitamin D2 ... All mushrooms contain large quantities of ergosterol, in the range of tens to hundreds of milligrams per 100 grams of dry ... Lees ND, Skaggs B, Kirsch DR, Bard M (Mar 1995). "Cloning of the late genes in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid

Mycosubtilin is an iturin isoform that can interact with membranes via its sterol alcohol group, to target ergosterol (a ... Nasir MN, Besson F (May 2012). "Interactions of the antifungal mycosubtilin with ergosterol-containing interfacial monolayers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolipid

Other components are common sterol derivatives (fucosterol, ergosterol and cholesterol). It is also identified as a viable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecklonia_cava

"Elucidation of signaling molecules involved in ergosterol perception in tobacco". Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 73: 121- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_disease_resistance

... is also known to be a precursor to ergosterol. Osumi Takashi; Nishino Tokuzo; Katsuki Hirohiko (1979). "Studies on ... the delta 5-desaturation in ergosterol biosynthesis in yeast". The Journal of Biochemistry. 85 (3): 819-826. PMID 34600. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episterol

Ryder NS, Frank I, Dupont MC (May 1986). "Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition by the thiocarbamate antifungal agents tolnaftate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolciclate

In fungi C5SD catalyzes the dehydration of episterol as a step in the synthesis of ergosterol, a sterol that regulates cell ... Osumi Takashi; Nishino Tokuzo; Katsuki Hirohiko (1979). "Studies on the delta 5-desaturation in ergosterol biosynthesis in ... Abe Fumiyoshi; Hiraki Toshiki (2009). "Mechanistic role of ergosterol in membrane rigidity and cycloheximide resistance in ... sterol desaturase DES5A from the endoplasmic reticulum of Tetrahymena thermophila complements ergosterol biosynthesis mutants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-5_sterol_desaturase

Fieser, Mary; Rosen, William E.; Fieser, Louis F. (1952), "An i-Steroid Hydrocarbon from Ergosterol", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74 (21 ... "Permanganate Oxidation of Ergosterol", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75 (16): 4066-71, doi:10.1021/ja01112a057. Tarlton, E. James; Fieser ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Peters_Fieser

Ryder NS, Frank I, Dupont MC (May 1986). "Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition by the thiocarbamate antifungal agents tolnaftate ... an important enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of ergosterol (a key component of the fungal cell membrane) in a similar way to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolnaftate

The active compound, berberine, affects cell wall integrity and ergosterol biosynthesis. Ethanol extracts from the dried roots ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternaria_brassicicola

Ergosterol, the fungal sterol, is more sensitive to amphotericin B than cholesterol, the common mammalian sterol. Reactivity ... It has been found that the amphotericin B/ergosterol bimolecular complex that maintains these pores is stabilized by Van der ... "Molecular modelling of amphotericin B-ergosterol primary complex in water II". Biophysical Chemistry. 141. Baginski M, Czub J ( ... or ergosterol-containing phospholipid vesicles. A circular dichroism and permeability study". Biochemistry. 22 (12): 2939-2944 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphotericin_B

Ergosterol is a sterol unique to fungi, so the drug does not have such catastrophic effects on animals or plants. However, many ... It binds to ergosterol, a major component of the fungal cell membrane. When present in sufficient concentrations, it forms ... Conjugated double bonds in nystatin's structure steal electron density from ergosterol in fungal cell membranes. Lipid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystatin

The genome and transcriptome of Sarocladium terricola provide insight into ergosterol biosynthesis.. Wang, Wei; Nie, Yong; Liu ... We also determined that the ergosterol content of S. terricola was synthesized to nearly double levels when cultured in potato ... These results will help us to recognize metabolic pathway of ergosterol biosynthesis of S. terricloa comprehensivelly. ... 2382 mg/kg). Furthermore, transcriptome analyses of differentially expressed genes suggested that the ergosterol synthesis ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/perinatal/resource/pt/mdl-37124038

Blocks ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase. Effective against S schenckii and other fungi and fungal ... of amphotericin B results from its ability to insert itself into fungal cytoplasmic membrane at sites that contain ergosterol ... triazole antifungal agent that inhibits fungal cell growth by inhibiting the cytochrome P-450-dependent synthesis of ergosterol ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228723-medication

Personal exposure of dairy workers to dust, endotoxin, muramic acid, ergosterol, and ammonia on large-scale dairies in the high ... ergosterol, and ammonia over one work shift. Eighty nine percent of dairy workers were exposed to endotoxin at concentrations ... ergosterol, and ammonia among workers on western U.S. dairies. There remains a need for cost-effective, culturally acceptable ... Ergosterol exposures were only measurable on 28% of samples, primarily among medical workers and feed handlers. Milking parlor ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=agricultur%2A+or+farm%2A&f1=%2A&Adv=0&terms=1&PageNo=103&RecNo=1022&View=f&

Ergosterol ST ST 27:2;O3 ST 27:2;O3 ST 27:1(5Z);3bOH;26COOH[25R] 3β-Hydroxycholest-5-en-(25R)26-oic acid ...

https://www.lipidmaps.org/shorthand_nomenclature/sterols

Commercially, vitamin D2 is produced by UV irradiation of plant-derived ergosterol. The two forms differ in the structures of ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2011-2012/VID_G.htm

Spore counts and ergosterol levels were consistent with the levels found in other studies where adverse health effects had ... Biological activity such as ergosterol, spore count, and endotoxin levels were higher on the first floor of the Hall of ...

http://www2.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=00136998&PageNo=1&RecNo=1&View=f&

Vitamin D2 from ergosterol (9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol,(3b)- from ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol,(3b)-). Organic ... It is created from viosterol, which in turn is created when ultraviolet light activates ergosterol. Ergocalciferol is used in ...

https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000900

... ergosterol) found in fungal cells. This binding results in the formation of pores in the membrane and leakage of intracellular ... The polyene drugs work by interacting with ergosterol, a type of steroid that is found in fungal membranes; this binding causes ... type is the antifungal agent amphotericin B, which binds to a specific molecule (ergosterol) found in fungal cells. This ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/amphotericin-B

The accumulation of 14 alpha-methyl sterols correlates with the subsequent loss of ergosterol in the fungal cell wall and may ... This enzyme functions to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. ...

https://www.empr.com/drug/ecoza/

Ergosterol or provitamin D 2 is found in plants and yeast and has no antirachitic activity. ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=2841b0ba-3b09-4f03-a060-9fb7f1af8344&type=display

... ergosterols, sterols and flavonoids. ...

https://fungi.com/collections/host-defense-extracts/ingredients_multi-mushroom?view=view-24

... ergosterol derivatives carrying nitrosyl cyanide-erived modifications. Journal of Natural Products 85 (9), pp. 2159 - 2167 ( ...

https://www.ice.mpg.de/publication-search/312631?person=%2Fpersons%2Fresource%2Fpersons41458

ergosterol + NADP+ = ergosta-5,7,22,24(241)-tetraen-3β-ol + NADPH + H+. ...

https://www.enzyme-database.org/query.php?ec=1.3.1.71

... aeration affected ergosterol formation in yeast cell membrane at high ethanol concentrations, whereas trehalose content under ...

http://ejbiotechnology.info/index.php/ejbiotechnology/article/view/2020.06.001

Triazole antifungal agent; inhibits fungal lanosterol 14α-demethylase involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a constituent ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/jublia-efinaconazole-999850

... ergosterol, lectins, and more. ...

https://www.dragonherbs.com/shop-by-herb/cordyceps-products/bhutanese-wild-cordyceps-drops.html

... sterol C-methyltransferase that catalysis the attachment of a methyl group acting in a bifurcation point of the ergosterol ... and Dynamics Studies of Sterol 24-C-Methyltransferase with Mechanism Based Inactivators for the Disruption of Ergosterol ...

https://scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=70566

... ergosterols, triterpenoids and other myco-nutrients ...

https://www.bikinissportsbarandgrill.com/comprehensive-immune-support-host-defense/

Product Ergosterol Sichuan province yuxin pharmaceutical co. Ltd offers a wide range of products which includes ergosterol. It ...

https://www.cphi-online.com/vitamin-d3-resin-prod084886.html

... is a polyene antifungal agent that kills pathogens by binding to ergosterol and causing subsequent pore formation in the cell ...

https://www.emro.who.int/ar/emhj-volume-28-2022/volume-28-issue-9/pilot-study-of-safety-and-efficacy-of-topical-liposomal-amphotericin-b-for-cutaneous-leishmaniasis-caused-by-leishmania-major-in-islamic-republic-of-iran.html

Ergosterol and using UV light to convert ergosterol to Vitamin D2. *And Much More ...

https://www.nammex.com/tag/podcasts/page/7/

The lipid membrane rafts contain ergosterols and glycosphingolipids. Long chain bases of GlcCer are often methylated at their C ...

https://lipidbank.jp/mediawiki/index.php?title=Category:LBS/Biosynthesis&action=edit

Ergosterol - Preferred Concept UI. M0007654. Scope note. A steroid occurring in FUNGI. Irradiation with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS ... ergosterol. Scope note:. Esteroide que se encuentra en los HONGOS. Su irradiación con RAYOS ULTRAVIOLETA da lugar a la ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=4958&filter=ths_exact_term&q=ERGOSTEROL

Ergosterol D10.570.938.795.287 Ergotism C25.723.327 C25.723.756.262 Erysipelothrix B3.353.688 Erythromycin D2.540.505.250 ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/mnchg2016.txt

Accumulation of ergosterol during the cell cycle of the budding yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis. Penman, C. S. & Duffus, J. H., ...

https://researchportal.hw.ac.uk/en/organisations/heriot-watt-university/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle&type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontoperiodical%2Farticle&ordering=title&descending=true&page=688

... and the ergosterol precursors accumulating as a consequence of azole action are not toxic. Azole antifungals, unlike ... static drugs such as azoles permit the occurrence of mutations in enzymes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, ...

https://japmaonline.org/search?access=all&page=19&pageSize=10&q=%22infection%22&sort=relevance

... by phospholipid fatty acid and ergosterol content) and enzyme activities (hydrolase, laccase and peroxidase).. Both soil types ...

https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/displays/35075

... ergosterol (provitamin D), potassium, zinc, iron, calcium and magnesium. Furthermore, amino acids and a high amount of ...

https://fairvital.com/en/Plant-extracts

Synthesis Sterols Lanosterol Yeast Endotoxin Dust Binds Concentrations Light Found Double Results Sterol Synthesis Fungal cells Fungi Cell Levels Similar Important

Furthermore, transcriptome analyses of differentially expressed genes suggested that the ergosterol synthesis genes ERG3, ERG5, and ERG25 were significantly up-regulated in potato dextrose media. (bvsalud.org)
A synthetic triazole antifungal agent that inhibits fungal cell growth by inhibiting the cytochrome P-450-dependent synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of fungal cell membranes. (medscape.com)
It blocks ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase and sterol precursor accumulation. (medscape.com)

Antifungal activity of amphotericin B results from its ability to insert itself into fungal cytoplasmic membrane at sites that contain ergosterol or other sterols. (medscape.com)
Amphotericin B binds to sterols (eg, ergosterol) in the fungal cell membrane, causing intracellular components to leak with subsequent fungal cell death. (medscape.com)
The accumulation of 14 alpha-methyl sterols correlates with the subsequent loss of ergosterol in the fungal cell wall and may be responsible for the fungistatic activity of econazole. (empr.com)

It is a triazole antifungal that inhibits fungal CYP450-mediated 14 alpha-lanosterol demethylation, which is essential in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
This enzyme functions to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. (empr.com)

Vitamin D2 is produced by UV irradiation of ergosterol, which occurs in molds, yeast, and higher-order plants. (cdc.gov)
Ergosterol or provitamin D 2 is found in plants and yeast and has no antirachitic activity. (nih.gov)
Additionally, aeration affected ergosterol formation in yeast cell membrane at high ethanol concentrations, whereas trehalose content under all conditions was not different. (ejbiotechnology.info)

Personal exposure of dairy workers to dust, endotoxin, muramic acid, ergosterol, and ammonia on large-scale dairies in the high plains Western United States. (cdc.gov)
To characterize the levels and types of exposures, 115 dairy workers grouped into three task categories on nine farm s in the high plains western United States underwent personal monitoring for inhalable dust, endotoxin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3- OHFA), muramic acid, ergosterol, and ammonia over one work shift. (cdc.gov)
This study was among the first to concurrently evaluate occupational exposure to assayable endotoxin (lipid A), 3-hydroxy fatty acids or 3-OHFA (a chemical measure of cell bound and non-cell-bound endotoxins), muramic acid, ergosterol, and ammonia among workers on western U.S. dairies. (cdc.gov)
Biological activity such as ergosterol, spore count, and endotoxin levels were higher on the first floor of the Hall of Education and in the Stadium Hall, both areas where high numbers of animals were housed. (cdc.gov)

Residential culturable fungi, (1-3, 1-6)-β-d-glucan, and ergosterol concentrations in dust are not associated with asthma, rhinitis, or eczema diagnoses in children. (nih.gov)
In the homes of 198 multiple allergic case children and 202 controls in Sweden, we cultivated culturable fungi by directly plating dust, and quantified (1-3, 1-6)-β-D-glucan and ergosterol in dust samples from the child's bedroom. (nih.gov)
Culturable fungi, (1-3, 1-6)-β-D-glucan, and ergosterol in dust were not associated with qualitative markers of indoor dampness or mold or indoor humidity. (nih.gov)

type is the antifungal agent amphotericin B, which binds to a specific molecule (ergosterol) found in fungal cells. (britannica.com)
Fluconazole binds to the fungal p450 enzymes and stops the cells making ergosterol, the main component of the cell wall. (dermnetnz.org)

There were no differences in concentrations of the individual or the total summed culturable fungi, (1-3, 1-6)-β-D-glucan, and ergosterol between the controls and the multiple allergic case children, or individual diagnosis of asthma, rhinitis, or eczema. (nih.gov)

It is created from viosterol, which in turn is created when ultraviolet light activates ergosterol. (hmdb.ca)

Spore counts and ergosterol levels were consistent with the levels found in other studies where adverse health effects had occurred. (cdc.gov)

We also determined that the ergosterol content of S. terricola was synthesized to nearly double levels when cultured in potato dextrose media compared to bean media (4509 mg/kg vs. 2382 mg/kg). (bvsalud.org)

These results will help us to recognize metabolic pathway of ergosterol biosynthesis of S. terricloa comprehensivelly. (bvsalud.org)

The sterol composition of Aspergillus fumigatus for the biosynthesis of ergosterol is of interest since this pathway is the target for many antifungal drugs in clinical use. (nih.gov)
Also, sterols were analyzed in several A. fumigatus mutant strains deficient in enzymatic steps of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway such as 14-alpha sterol demethylases (Cyp51A and Cyp51B) and C-5 sterol desaturases (Erg3A, Erg3B and Erg3C). (nih.gov)
The analysis of the sterol composition in these mutant strains led to a better understanding of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in this important fungus. (nih.gov)
All the azole antifungals inhibit the cytochrome P450-dependent, 14 alpha-demethylase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of ergosterol, the main sterol in most fungal cells. (nih.gov)

Blocks ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase. (medscape.com)
Currently, representatives of two classes of EBI antifungals are available: the squalene epoxidase inhibitors and those that interfere with cytochrome P450-dependent ergosterol synthesis. (nih.gov)

In a previous study, the team found that AmB initially binds a molecule called ergosterol on the outer membrane of fungal cells. (nih.gov)

We examined associations of total fungi, hydrophilic fungi (requiring water activity ≥ 0.9) , and ergosterol with the health outcomes using logistic regression models. (medscape.com)
In models adjusted for demographics, respiratory illnesses showed significant linear exposure-response relationships to total culturable fungi [interquartile range odds ratios (IQR-OR) = 1.37-1.72], hydrophilic fungi (IQR-OR = 1.45-2.19), and ergosterol (IQR-OR = 1.54-1.60) in floor and chair dusts. (medscape.com)
Ergosterol levels in floor dust were significantly associated with epidemiologic asthma independent of culturable fungi (IQR-OR = 1.54-1.55). (medscape.com)
Hydrophilic fungi and ergosterol as measures of fungal biomass may have promise as markers of risk of building-related respiratory diseases in damp indoor environments. (medscape.com)
In this study we focused on examining associations of hydrophilic fungi and ergosterol with respiratory health outcomes among employees in a 20-story office building in the northeastern United States. (medscape.com)
To find out which mechanism-the ergosterol binding itself or the subsequent channel formation-kills the fungi, the researchers created AmB-like compounds that could bind ergosterol without forming channels. (nih.gov)
Residential culturable fungi, (1-3, 1-6)-β-d-glucan, and ergosterol concentrations in dust are not associated with asthma, rhinitis, or eczema diagnoses in children. (nih.gov)
In the homes of 198 multiple allergic case children and 202 controls in Sweden, we cultivated culturable fungi by directly plating dust, and quantified (1-3, 1-6)-β-D-glucan and ergosterol in dust samples from the child's bedroom. (nih.gov)
There were no differences in concentrations of the individual or the total summed culturable fungi, (1-3, 1-6)-β-D-glucan, and ergosterol between the controls and the multiple allergic case children, or individual diagnosis of asthma, rhinitis, or eczema. (nih.gov)
Culturable fungi, (1-3, 1-6)-β-D-glucan, and ergosterol in dust were not associated with qualitative markers of indoor dampness or mold or indoor humidity. (nih.gov)

Ergosterol is essentially the fungal equivalent of cholesterol and is vital for fungal cell survival. (nih.gov)

Spore counts and ergosterol levels were consistent with the levels found in other studies where adverse health effects had occurred. (cdc.gov)

The scientists noted that both molecules shared a similar ergosterol binding arm, but that AmB alone had an element required for channel formation. (nih.gov)

The ergosterol biosynthesis-inhibiting (EBI) antifungals constitute the most important group of compounds developed for the control of fungal diseases in man. (nih.gov)

Anatomy14

Organisms32

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science4

Health Care5

Transcriptional regulation of the squalene synthase gene (ERG9) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1/600)

The yeast multidrug resistance pump, Pdr5p, confers reduced drug resistance in erg mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (2/600)

Comprehensive evaluation of isoprenoid biosynthesis regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizing the Genome Reporter Matrix. (3/600)

Differential inhibitory effects of protoberberines on sterol and chitin biosyntheses in Candida albicans. (4/600)

Microscopic fungi in dwellings and their health implications in humans. (5/600)

The 2.1 A structure of an elicitin-ergosterol complex: a recent addition to the Sterol Carrier Protein family. (6/600)

5-Fluorocytosine antagonizes the action of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors in Candida glabrata. (7/600)

Elicitins trap and transfer sterols from micelles, liposomes and plant plasma membranes. (8/600)

Sterols

Lanosterol

Cholestadienols

Antifungal Agents

Stigmasterol

Nystatin

Azoles

Drug Resistance, Fungal

Sterol 14-Demethylase

Candida albicans

Squalene

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cholestanes

Fluconazole

Amphotericin B

Ketoconazole

Miconazole

Dehydrocholesterols

Saccharomyces

Steroid Isomerases

Squalene Monooxygenase

Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase

Natamycin

Tolnaftate

Filipin

Fungicides, Industrial

Oxidoreductases

Mimosa

Phytosterols

Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal

Naphthalenes

Lucensomycin

Allylamine

Methyltransferases

Ergocalciferols

Clotrimazole

Lipid Bilayers

Fungi

Phase Transition

Fungal Proteins

Cholesterol

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Mitosporic Fungi

Trichophyton

Agaricales

Polyenes

Genes, Fungal

Liquid Crystals

Candida

Chromatography, Thin Layer

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Ketosteroids

Candida glabrata

Thymus Plant

Sphingolipids

Trypanocidal Agents

Stachybotrys

Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine

Calcium Sulfate

Aspergillus

Aerobiosis

Biomass

Membrane Fluidity

Itraconazole

Reishi

Anaerobiosis

Cell Membrane

Yeast, Dried

Mutation

Pimpinella

Chromatography, Gas

Spores, Fungal

Mevalonic Acid

Poria

Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal

Thymol

Membrane Lipids

Intramolecular Transferases