Epithelial cells. Medical search

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The mucous membrane lining the RESPIRATORY TRACT, including the NASAL CAVITY; the LARYNX; the TRACHEA; and the BRONCHI tree. The respiratory mucosa consists of various types of epithelial cells ranging from ciliated columnar to simple squamous, mucous GOBLET CELLS, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

Stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the CORNEA. It is smooth and contains many free nerve endings.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Characteristic cells of granulomatous hypersensitivity. They appear as large, flattened cells with increased endoplasmic reticulum. They are believed to be activated macrophages that have differentiated as a result of prolonged antigenic stimulation. Further differentiation or fusion of epithelioid cells is thought to produce multinucleated giant cells (GIANT CELLS).

MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.

A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

In humans, one of the paired regions in the anterior portion of the THORAX. The breasts consist of the MAMMARY GLANDS, the SKIN, the MUSCLES, the ADIPOSE TISSUE, and the CONNECTIVE TISSUES.

Glandular tissue in the BREAST of human that is under the influence of hormones such as ESTROGENS; PROGESTINS; and PROLACTIN. In WOMEN, after PARTURITION, the mammary glands secrete milk (MILK, HUMAN) for the nourishment of the young.

The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.

A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Lining of the ORAL CAVITY, including mucosa on the GUMS; the PALATE; the LIP; the CHEEK; floor of the mouth; and other structures. The mucosa is generally a nonkeratinized stratified squamous EPITHELIUM covering muscle, bone, or glands but can show varying degree of keratinization at specific locations.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

The layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA; the CILIARY BODY; and the IRIS in the eye.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Cell-cell junctions that seal adjacent epithelial cells together, preventing the passage of most dissolved molecules from one side of the epithelial sheet to the other. (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, p22)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.

Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the URINARY BLADDER and the URETHRA. It secretes a substance that liquefies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the RECTUM.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

Lining of the STOMACH, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. The surface cells produce MUCUS that protects the stomach from attack by digestive acid and enzymes. When the epithelium invaginates into the LAMINA PROPRIA at various region of the stomach (CARDIA; GASTRIC FUNDUS; and PYLORUS), different tubular gastric glands are formed. These glands consist of cells that secrete mucus, enzymes, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, or hormones.

The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

Epithelial cell line originally derived from porcine kidneys. It is used for pharmacologic and metabolic studies.

High molecular weight mucoproteins that protect the surface of EPITHELIAL CELLS by providing a barrier to particulate matter and microorganisms. Membrane-anchored mucins may have additional roles concerned with protein interactions at the cell surface.

The mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and the anterior pericorneal surface of the eyeball.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)

A 195-kDa zonula occludens protein that is distinguished by the presence of a ZU5 domain at the C-terminal of the molecule.

An annular transitional zone, approximately 1 mm wide, between the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva and sclera. It is highly vascular and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea. It is ophthalmologically significant in that it appears on the outer surface of the eyeball as a slight furrow, marking the line between the clear cornea and the sclera. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)

The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP.

The innermost membranous sac that surrounds and protects the developing embryo which is bathed in the AMNIOTIC FLUID. Amnion cells are secretory EPITHELIAL CELLS and contribute to the amniotic fluid.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Epithelial cells that line the PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.

A chloride channel that regulates secretion in many exocrine tissues. Abnormalities in the CFTR gene have been shown to cause cystic fibrosis. (Hum Genet 1994;93(4):364-8)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells such as the GOBLET CELLS.

A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The mucous lining of the NASAL CAVITY, including lining of the nostril (vestibule) and the OLFACTORY MUCOSA. Nasal mucosa consists of ciliated cells, GOBLET CELLS, brush cells, small granule cells, basal cells (STEM CELLS) and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

The mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the MENSTRUAL CYCLE and PREGNANCY. The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes that characterize MENSTRUATION. After successful FERTILIZATION, it serves to sustain the developing embryo.

The part of the face that is below the eye and to the side of the nose and mouth.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

The single layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA, situated closely to the tips (outer segments) of the RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. These epithelial cells are macroglia that perform essential functions for the photoreceptor cells, such as in nutrient transport, phagocytosis of the shed photoreceptor membranes, and ensuring retinal attachment.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Absorptive cells in the lining of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. They are differentiated EPITHELIAL CELLS with apical MICROVILLI facing the intestinal lumen. Enterocytes are more abundant in the SMALL INTESTINE than in the LARGE INTESTINE. Their microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cell by 14- to 40 fold.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Oral tissue surrounding and attached to TEETH.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

A family of mesenchymal tumors composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelioid cells. These cells do not have a normal anatomic homolog. (From Fletcher CDM, et. al., World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone, 2002).

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Phenotypic changes of EPITHELIAL CELLS to MESENCHYME type, which increase cell mobility critical in many developmental processes such as NEURAL TUBE development. NEOPLASM METASTASIS and DISEASE PROGRESSION may also induce this transition.

A gel-forming mucin that is primarily found on the surface of gastric epithelium and in the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Mucin 5AC was originally identified as two distinct proteins, however a single gene encodes the protein which gives rise to the mucin 5A and mucin 5C variants.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

Culture media containing biologically active components obtained from previously cultured cells or tissues that have released into the media substances affecting certain cell functions (e.g., growth, lysis).

Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.

Populations of thin, motile processes found covering the surface of ciliates (CILIOPHORA) or the free surface of the cells making up ciliated EPITHELIUM. Each cilium arises from a basic granule in the superficial layer of CYTOPLASM. The movement of cilia propels ciliates through the liquid in which they live. The movement of cilia on a ciliated epithelium serves to propel a surface layer of mucus or fluid. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Thin, hairlike appendages, 1 to 20 microns in length and often occurring in large numbers, present on the cells of gram-negative bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria. Unlike flagella, they do not possess motility, but being protein (pilin) in nature, they possess antigenic and hemagglutinating properties. They are of medical importance because some fimbriae mediate the attachment of bacteria to cells via adhesins (ADHESINS, BACTERIAL). Bacterial fimbriae refer to common pili, to be distinguished from the preferred use of "pili", which is confined to sex pili (PILI, SEX).

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. Defects in the gene that encodes TGF-beta1 are the cause of CAMURATI-ENGELMANN SYNDROME.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

A technique for maintenance or growth of animal organs in vitro. It refers to three-dimensional cultures of undisaggregated tissue retaining some or all of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. (Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells, 3d ed, p1)

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

A MARVEL domain protein that plays an important role in the formation and regulation of the TIGHT JUNCTION paracellular permeability barrier.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).

Cell-surface components or appendages of bacteria that facilitate adhesion (BACTERIAL ADHESION) to other cells or to inanimate surfaces. Most fimbriae (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) of gram-negative bacteria function as adhesins, but in many cases it is a minor subunit protein at the tip of the fimbriae that is the actual adhesin. In gram-positive bacteria, a protein or polysaccharide surface layer serves as the specific adhesin. What is sometimes called polymeric adhesin (BIOFILMS) is distinct from protein adhesin.

Multifunctional growth factor which regulates both cell growth and cell motility. It exerts a strong mitogenic effect on hepatocytes and primary epithelial cells. Its receptor is PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-MET.

The quality of surface form or outline of CELLS.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.

An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that separates the mucosa from submucosa.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.

A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

Anchoring points where the CYTOSKELETON of neighboring cells are connected to each other. They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where bundles of the ACTIN CYTOSKELETON attach to the membrane through the transmembrane linkers, CADHERINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to cadherins in the neighboring cell membranes. In sheets of cells, they form into adhesion belts (zonula adherens) that go all the way around a cell.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A fibroblast growth factor that is a specific mitogen for EPITHELIAL CELLS. It binds a complex of HEPARAN SULFATE and FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2B.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

A property of the surface of an object that makes it stick to another surface.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth factor for HYBRIDOMAS and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.

Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

The genital canal in the female, extending from the UTERUS to the VULVA. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

An intermediate filament protein found in most differentiating cells, in cells grown in tissue culture, and in certain fully differentiated cells. Its insolubility suggests that it serves a structural function in the cytoplasm. MW 52,000.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF-related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; AMPHIREGULIN; and HEPARIN-BINDING EGF-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Stimulation of thymidine uptake and cell proliferation in mouse embryo fibroblasts by conditioned medium from mammary cells in culture. (1/24454)

Undialyzed conditioned medium from several cell culture sources did not stimulate thymidine incorporation or cell overgrowth in quiescent, density-inhibited mouse embryo fibroblast cells. However, dialyzed conditioned medium (DCM) from clonal mouse mammary cell lines MCG-V14, MCG-T14, MCG-T10; HeLa cells; primary mouse adenocarcinoma cells; and BALB/c normal mouse mammary epithelial cells promoted growth in quiescent fibroblasts. The amount of growth-promoting activity produced per cell varied from 24% (HeLa) to 213% (MCG-V14) of the activity produced by primary tumor cells. The production of growth-promoting activity was not unique to tumor-derived cells or cells of high tumorigenicity. The amount of growth-promoting activity produced per cell in the active cultures was not correlated with any of the following: tumorigenicity, growth rat, cell density achieved at saturation, cell type, or species of cell origin. It is concluded that transformed and non-transformed cells of diverse origin, cell type, and tumorigenicity can produce growth factors in culture. The growth-promoting potential of the active media from primary tumor cultures accumulated with time of contact with cells and was too great to be accounted for entirely by the removal of low-molecular-weight inhibitors by dialysis. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that conditioned medium from the active cultures contained a dialyzable, growth-promoting activity. Different cell lines exhibited differential sensitivity to tumor cell DCM and fetal bovine serum. Furthermore, quiescent fibroblasts were stimulated by primary tumor cell DCM in the presence of saturating concentrations of fetal bovine serum. These observations support the notion that the active growth-promoting principle in primary tumor cell DCM may not be a serum factor(s). (+info)

oko meduzy mutations affect neuronal patterning in the zebrafish retina and reveal cell-cell interactions of the retinal neuroepithelial sheet. (2/24454)

Mutations of the oko meduzy (ome) locus cause drastic neuronal patterning defect in the zebrafish retina. The precise, stratified appearance of the wild-type retina is absent in the mutants. Despite the lack of lamination, at least seven retinal cell types differentiate in oko meduzy. The ome phenotype is already expressed in the retinal neuroepithelium affecting morphology of the neuroepithelial cells. Our experiments indicate that previously unknown cell-cell interactions are involved in development of the retinal neuroepithelial sheet. In genetically mosaic animals, cell-cell interactions are sufficient to rescue the phenotype of oko meduzy retinal neuroepithelial cells. These cell-cell interactions may play a critical role in the patterning events that lead to differentiation of distinct neuronal laminae in the vertebrate retina. (+info)

PKCdelta acts as a growth and tumor suppressor in rat colonic epithelial cells. (3/24454)

We have analysed the expression of three calcium-independent isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC), PKCdelta, PKCepsilon and PKCzeta, in an in vitro model of colon carcinogenesis consisting of the nontumorigenic rat colonic epithelial cell line D/WT, and a derivative src-transformed line D/src. While PKCzeta and PKCepsilon showed similar protein levels, PKCdelta was markedly decreased in D/src cells when compared to the D/WT line. To assess whether down-regulation of PKCdelta was causally involved in the neoplastic phenotype in D/src cells, we prepared a kinase-defective mutant of PKCdelta. Stable transfection of this sequence caused morphological and growth changes characteristic of partial transformation in D/WT cells. Moreover, to test whether PKCdelta was involved in growth control and transformation in this model, we overexpressed PKCdelta in D/src cells. Transfected cells underwent marked growth and morphological modifications toward the D/WT phenotype. In a late stage in culture, transfected cells ceased to proliferate, rounded up and degenerated into multinucleated, giant-like cells. We conclude that PKCdelta can reverse the transformed phenotype and act as a suppressor of cell growth in D/src cells. Moreover, our data show that downregulation of this isoenzyme of PKC may cooperate in the neoplastic transformation induced by the src oncogene in D/WT cells. (+info)

The Gab1 PH domain is required for localization of Gab1 at sites of cell-cell contact and epithelial morphogenesis downstream from the met receptor tyrosine kinase. (4/24454)

Stimulation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor tyrosine kinase, Met, induces mitogenesis, motility, invasion, and branching tubulogenesis of epithelial and endothelial cell lines in culture. We have previously shown that Gab1 is the major phosphorylated protein following stimulation of the Met receptor in epithelial cells that undergo a morphogenic program in response to HGF. Gab1 is a member of the family of IRS-1-like multisubstrate docking proteins and, like IRS-1, contains an amino-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, in addition to multiple tyrosine residues that are potential binding sites for proteins that contain SH2 or PTB domains. Following stimulation of epithelial cells with HGF, Gab1 associates with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Met receptor mutants that are impaired in their association with Gab1 fail to induce branching tubulogenesis. Overexpression of Gab1 rescues the Met-dependent tubulogenic response in these cell lines. The ability of Gab1 to promote tubulogenesis is dependent on its pleckstrin homology domain. Whereas the wild-type Gab1 protein is localized to areas of cell-cell contact, a Gab1 protein lacking the pleckstrin homology domain is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. Localization of Gab1 to areas of cell-cell contact is inhibited by LY294002, demonstrating that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity is required. These data show that Gab1 is an important mediator of branching tubulogenesis downstream from the Met receptor and identify phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the Gab1 pleckstrin homology domain as crucial for subcellular localization of Gab1 and biological responses. (+info)

Progesterone inhibits estrogen-induced cyclin D1 and cdk4 nuclear translocation, cyclin E- and cyclin A-cdk2 kinase activation, and cell proliferation in uterine epithelial cells in mice. (5/24454)

The response of the uterine epithelium to female sex steroid hormones provides an excellent model to study cell proliferation in vivo since both stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation can be studied. Thus, when administered to ovariectomized adult mice 17beta-estradiol (E2) stimulates a synchronized wave of DNA synthesis and cell division in the epithelial cells, while pretreatment with progesterone (P4) completely inhibits this E2-induced cell proliferation. Using a simple method to isolate the uterine epithelium with high purity, we have shown that E2 treatment induces a relocalization of cyclin D1 and, to a lesser extent, cdk4 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and results in the orderly activation of cyclin E- and cyclin A-cdk2 kinases and hyperphosphorylation of pRb and p107. P4 pretreatment did not alter overall levels of cyclin D1, cdk4, or cdk6 nor their associated kinase activities but instead inhibited the E2-induced nuclear localization of cyclin D1 to below the control level and, to a lesser extent, nuclear cdk4 levels, with a consequent inhibition of pRb and p107 phosphorylation. In addition, it abrogated E2-induced cyclin E-cdk2 activation by dephosphorylation of cdk2, followed by inhibition of cyclin A expression and consequently of cyclin A-cdk2 kinase activity and further inhibition of phosphorylation of pRb and p107. P4 is used therapeutically to oppose the effect of E2 during hormone replacement therapy and in the treatment of uterine adenocarcinoma. This study showing a novel mechanism of cell cycle inhibition by P4 may provide the basis for the development of new antiestrogens. (+info)

Transformation of intestinal epithelial cells by chronic TGF-beta1 treatment results in downregulation of the type II TGF-beta receptor and induction of cyclooxygenase-2. (6/24454)

The precise role of TGF-beta in colorectal carcinogenesis is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenotypic alterations caused by chronic exposure to TGF-beta in non-transformed intestinal epithelial (RIE-1) cells. Growth of RIE-1 cells was inhibited by >75% following TGF-beta1 treatment for 7 days, after which the cells resumed a normal growth despite the presence of TGF-beta1. These 'TGF-beta-resistant' cells (RIE-Tr) were continuously exposed to TGF-beta for >50 days. Unlike the parental RIE cells, RIE-Tr cells lost contact inhibition, formed foci in culture, grew in soft agarose. RIE-Tr cells demonstrated TGF-beta-dependent invasive potential in an in vitro assay and were resistant to Matrigel and Na-butyrate-induced apoptosis. The RIE-Tr cells were also tumorigenic in nude mice. The transformed phenotype of RIE-Tr cells was associated with a 95% decrease in the level of the type II TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRII) protein, a 40-fold increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein, and 5.9-fold increase in the production of prostacyclin. Most RIE-Tr subclones that expressed low levels of TbetaRII and high levels of COX-2 were tumorigenic. Those subclones that express abundant TbetaRII and low levels of COX-2 were not tumorigenic in nude mice. A selective COX-2 inhibitor inhibited RIE-Tr cell growth in culture and tumor growth in nude mice. The reduced expression of TbetaRII, increased expression of COX-2, and the ability to form colonies in Matrigel were all reversible upon withdrawal of exogenous TGF-beta1 for the RIE-Tr cells. (+info)

Increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 in human breast cancer. (7/24454)

Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) is an important developmental protein which is oncogenic and able to cooperate with wnt-1 to produce mouse mammary carcinoma. The level of expression of FGF8 mRNA was measured in 68 breast cancers and 24 non-malignant breast tissues. Elevated levels of FGF8 mRNA were found in malignant compared to non-malignant breast tissues with significantly more malignant tissues expressing FGF8 (P=0.019) at significantly higher levels (P=0.031). In situ hybridization of breast cancer tissues and analysis of purified populations of normal epithelial cells and breast cancer cell lines showed that malignant epithelial cells expressed FGF8 mRNA at high levels compared to non-malignant epithelial and myoepithelial cells and fibroblasts. Although two of the receptors which FGF8 binds to (FGFR2-IIIc, FGFR3-IIIc) are not expressed in breast cancer cells, an autocrine activation loop is possible since expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 4 and FGFR1 are retained in malignant epithelial cells. This is the first member of the FGF family to have increased expression in breast cancer and a potential autocrine role in its progression. (+info)

Role of retinoid receptors in the regulation of mucin gene expression by retinoic acid in human tracheobronchial epithelial cells. (8/24454)

To investigate which retinoid receptors are critical in the regulation by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) of the mucin genes MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B in cultured normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells, we used pan-RAR-, pan-RXR- and RAR- isotype (alpha, beta and gamma)-selective agonists and RARalpha- and RARgamma-selective antagonists (RAR is RA receptor and RXR is retinoid X receptor). RAR-, RARalpha- and RARgamma-selective agonists strongly induced mucin mRNAs in a dose-dependent manner, while the RARbeta-selective retinoid only weakly induced mucin gene expression at very high concentrations (1 microM). The pan-RXR-selective agonist by itself did not induce mucin gene expression, but acted synergistically with suboptimal concentrations of the pan-RAR agonist. A retinoid with selective anti-activator-protein-1 activity only marginally induced mucin gene expression. The RARalpha antagonist strongly inhibited mucin gene induction and mucous cell differentiation caused by RA and by the RARalpha- and RARgamma-selective retinoids. In contrast, the RARgamma antagonist only weakly inhibited RARalpha-selective-retinoid-induced mucin gene expression, but completely blocked mucin gene expression induced by the RARgamma-selective retinoid. Our studies indicate that RARalpha is the major retinoid receptor subtype mediating RA-dependent mucin gene expression and mucous cell differentiation, but that the RARgamma isotype can also induce mucin genes. Furthermore these studies suggest that RARbeta is probably not (directly) involved in RA-induced mucin gene expression. (+info)

These cells are also called thymic epithelial progenitors cells (TEPCs) and they provide that cortical and medullary epithelial ... "Thymic epithelial cells: antigen presenting cells that regulate T cell repertoire and tolerance development". Immunologic ... Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are specialized cells with high degree of anatomic, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity that ... Anderson, Graham; Takahama, Yousuke (June 2012). "Thymic epithelial cells: working class heroes for T cell development and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymic_epithelial_cell

Epithelial reticular cells, or epithelioreticular cells (ERC), some called thymic epithelial cell (TEC), are a structure in ... Epithelial reticular cells are the primary cell involved with making sure that no T cells are allowed to survive which could ... Thymic nurse cell S avino W, Santa-Rosa GL (1982). "Histophysiology of thymic epithelial reticular cells". Arch Histol Jpn. 45 ... As the T cells migrate from the cortex of the thymus to the medulla, they come into contact with many epithelial reticular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_reticular_cell

November 1, 2005). "Stem Cell Characteristics of Amniotic Epithelial Cells". Stem Cells. 23 (10): 1549-1559. doi:10.1634/ ... amniotic epithelial cells can be used and show a higher likelihood of tissue acceptance. Also, amniotic epithelial cells are ... An amniotic epithelial cell is a form of stem cell extracted from the lining of the inner membrane of the placenta. Amniotic ... Amniotic epithelial cells have not been known to produce cancerous tumors in the host despite the fact that these cells do ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniotic_epithelial_cell

"Lineage tracing and cell ablation identify a post-Aire-expressing thymic epithelial cell population". Cell Reports. 5 (1): 166- ... Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) represent a unique stromal cell population of the thymus which plays an essential ... inducer cells regulate development of Aire-expressing epithelial cells in the thymic medulla". The Journal of Experimental ... epithelial stem cells that are bipotent for medullary and cortical thymic epithelial lineages". Immunity. 41 (2): 257-69. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medullary_thymic_epithelial_cells

An induced thymic epithelial cell (iTEC) is a cell that has been induced to become a thymic epithelial cell. "Fully functional ... v t e (Stem cells, Thymus, Organ transplantation, All stub articles, Biotechnology stubs). ... immune organ grown in mice from lab-created cells". mrc.ac.uk. 22 August 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_thymic_epithelial_cell

... (cTECs) form unique parenchyma cell population of the thymus which critically contribute to ... Epithelial Stem Cells that Are Bipotent for Medullary and Cortical Thymic Epithelial Lineages". Immunity. 41 (2): 257-269. doi: ... "Medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing Aire represent a unique lineage derived from cells expressing claudin". Nature ... "Medullary Thymic Epithelial Stem Cells Maintain a Functional Thymus to Ensure Lifelong Central T Cell Tolerance". Immunity. 41 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortical_thymic_epithelial_cells

"Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) modulates cell-cell interactions mediated by classic cadherins". The Journal of Cell ... and progenitor and stem cells. However, EpCAM is not found in non-epithelial cells or cancers of non-epithelial origin. EpCAM ... a human epithelial antigen is a homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecule". The Journal of Cell Biology. 125 (2): 437-46. doi: ... This means that EpCAM on the surface of one cell binds to the EpCAM on a neighboring cell thereby holding the cells together. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_cell_adhesion_molecule

The stem cells in ERM can undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and differentiate into diverse types of cells of ... In dentistry, the epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) or epithelial rests of Malassez (pax epithelialis pediodontii) are ... Xiong J, Gronthos S, Bartold PM (2013). "Role of the epithelial cell rests of Malassez in the development, maintenance and ... It is considered that these cell rests proliferate to form epithelial lining of various odontogenic cysts such as radicular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_cell_rests_of_Malassez

Thymic nurse cells (TNCs) are large epithelial cells found in the cortex of the thymus and also in cortico-medullary junction. ... Thymic nurse cells (TNCs) are a sub-population of cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs). pH91, which is a TNC-specific ... Chicken TNC-T cells exhibit greater graft vs host reactivity than peripheral blood T cells or ET cells when TNCs from one ... αβ T cell receptor) of the T cells and MHC antigens on the antigen-presenting cells. This role of MHC restriction was observed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymic_nurse_cell

... and both types of layering can be made up of any of the cell shapes. However, when taller simple columnar epithelial cells are ... squamous cells called endothelial cells. Endothelial cells in direct contact with blood are called vascular endothelial cells, ... Epithelial cells line body surfaces, and are described according to their shape, with three principal shapes: squamous, ... It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue. It is mostly of endodermal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_microanatomy

The outer epithelial layer may include cells of several types including sensory cells, gland cells and stinging cells. There ... Metazoans do not include the sponges, which have undifferentiated cells. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have neither a cell ... Epithelial tissue is composed of closely packed cells, bound to each other by cell adhesion molecules, with little ... Keratinocytes make up to 95% of the cells in the skin. The epithelial cells on the external surface of the body typically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy

Vorobjev IA (June 1982). "Centrioles in the cell cycle. I. Epithelial cells". The Journal of Cell Biology. 93 (3): 938-49. doi: ... The centrosome cycle is important to ensure that daughter cells receive a centrosome after cell division. As the cell cycle ... Cell cycle regulation of centrosome duplication Centrosomes are only supposed to replicate once in each cell cycle and are ... Each daughter cell inherits two centrioles (one centrosome) surrounded by pericentriolar material as a result of cell division ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrosome_cycle

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the thymus, namely medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), dendritic cells (DCs) and B ... "Single-cell mapping of the thymic stroma identifies IL-25-producing tuft epithelial cells". Nature. 559 (7715): 622-626. ... "Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals coordinated ectopic gene-expression patterns in medullary thymic epithelial cells". ... "Autoreactive thymic B cells are efficient antigen-presenting cells of cognate self-antigens for T cell negative selection". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promiscuous_gene_expression

... is one example of the cell polarity that is a fundamental feature of many types of cells. Epithelial cells ... Epithelial cells come in a variety of shapes that relate to their function in development or physiology. How epithelial cells ... Lateral membranes are the site of contact between epithelial cells, whereas basal membranes connect epithelial cells to the ... which is central to cell shape in all plant cells. All epithelial cells express the transmembrane adhesion molecule E-cadherin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_polarity

1997). "Morphogenesis of epithelial cells". In Paul, Leendert C.; Issekutz, Thomas B. (eds.). Adhesion molecules in health and ... Embryoblast cells also known as the inner cell mass form a compact mass of cells at the embryonic pole on one side of the ... The trophoblast is organized into a thin sheet of tightly adhered epithelial cells. The embryo is now termed a blastocyst. The ... The blastomeres are the daughter cells of the zygote, and when the blastomeres number from 16-32 the ball of cells is called a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morula

Junctional Complexes of Epithelial Cells. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 240-260. ISBN 9780470513415. Weinstein, Ronald S.; Waer, Amy L ... As an MGH pathology resident, he co-authored research papers on intercellular junctions, cancer cell, and red cell membranes. ... He continued his research on normal cell membranes and cancer cell membranes and initiated research on animal models for ... He studied cell membrane properties in normal epithelium, pre-cancers and cancers. Medical science education reform To ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_S._Weinstein

This parasite eats epithelial cells. Also, very often the canals are a place of inflammation, with accumulation of exudates in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gongylonema_pulchrum

For example, cell membrane integrins on circulating leukocytes are maintained in an inactive state to avoid epithelial cell ... Epithelial cells (which are non-circulating) normally have active integrins at their cell membrane, helping maintain their ... Important differences exist between integrin-signaling in circulating blood cells and non-circulating cells such as epithelial ... Integrins are produced by a wide variety of cells; they play a role in cell attachment to other cells and the extracellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as a sexually-transmitted animal virus, must first penetrate a barrier of epithelial cells ... T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is a molecule found on the surface of T lymphocytes (T cells). It is composed of αβ-heterodimers ... An alternative receptor for HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein on epithelial cells is glycosphingolipid galactosyl-ceramide (GalCer), ... Simons, Kai; Van Meer, Gerrit (1988). "Lipid sorting in epithelial cells". Biochemistry. 27 (17): 6197-202. doi:10.1021/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_raft

... es mainly target epithelial cells. They are transmitted from one host to another host, depending on the coronavirus ... SARS coronavirus, for example, infects the human epithelial cells of the lungs via an aerosol route by binding to the ... Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) infects the pig epithelial cells of the digestive tract via a fecal-oral route ... Human coronaviruses infect the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, while animal coronaviruses generally infect the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus

... is another example of a cell surface receptor on M cells. M cells lack microvilli but, like other epithelial cells, they are ... Despite the epithelial barrier, some antigens are able to infiltrate the M cell barrier and infect the nearby epithelial cells ... November 2012). "Salmonella transforms follicle-associated epithelial cells into M cells to promote intestinal invasion". Cell ... November 2012). "Salmonella transforms follicle-associated epithelial cells into M cells to promote intestinal invasion". Cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfold_cell

Epithelial cells are contiguous and polarized. More than 90% of cancers (breast, prostate, colon / rectum, bronchi, pancreas, ... Cell-cell adhesion and cell jamming in collective cellular migration". Experimental Cell Research. 343 (1): 54-59. doi:10.1016/ ... expressed in a given cell: thus, a liver cell does not look like a pancreas cell at all because it does not express the same ... cell division (mitosis), apoptosis (or "cell suicide") and cell death. The doctor in charge of the diagnosis under the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_oncology

"Tmod3 regulates polarized epithelial cell morphology". J. Cell Sci. 120 (Pt 20): 3625-32. doi:10.1242/jcs.011445. PMID 17928307 ... doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026. PMID 17081983. Fischer RS, Yarmola EG, Weber KL, et al. (2007). "Tropomodulin 3 binds to actin ... Cell Biol. 6 (2): 97-105. doi:10.1038/ncb1086. PMID 14743216. S2CID 11683986. Fischer RS, Fritz-Six KL, Fowler VM (2003). " ... "Pointed-end capping by tropomodulin3 negatively regulates endothelial cell motility". J. Cell Biol. 161 (2): 371-80. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropomodulin_3

... are a cell line derived from male long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylis) epithelial kidney cells. This cell line ... PtK2 cells are relatively large, and when grown in a monolayer, stay flat throughout the cell cycle - unlike many cells that ... Epithelial Cells". Retrieved 17 December 2013. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ptk2 cells. Cellosaurus entry for Ptk2 ( ... Cells from the rat kangaroo were selected as the source of a cell line because this species has only a small number of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptk2_cells

... mast cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 ... B cells, Th2 cells, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells. This protein is also thought to cause the itching that is associated ... Retinal pigment epithelial cells can express IL-33 at both mRNA and protein levels. IL-33 expression is upregulated during ... CD4 + Th2 cells were formed after repeated exposure to IL-33. This type of cells highly produced IL-5. Chronic inflammation is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_33

... most cells die as a result of extruding live cells. To maintain epithelial cell number homeostasis, live cells extrude when ... live cell extrusion drives most epithelial cell death when too many cells accumulate. To maintain constant cell numbers, ... Apoptotic epithelial cell extrusion was first discovered as a way to prevent gaps when cell die within an epithelial layer. In ... Gudipaty SA, Rosenblatt J (July 2017). "Epithelial cell extrusion: Pathways and pathologies". Seminars in Cell & Developmental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_extrusion

McCaffrey, Luke Martin; Macara, Ian G. (December 2011). "Epithelial organization, cell polarity and tumorigenesis". Trends in ... cell biologist and pioneer in the field of mitochondrial biology, editor-in-chief The Journal of Cell Biology, president-elect ... American cell biologist known for his research in cell culture techniques and carcinogenesis Arnold Eskin (B.S) - leader in the ... British-American biologist researching the molecules that establish Cell polarity in Epithelium, both in normal cells and in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanderbilt_University_people

McCaffrey, Luke Martin; Macara, Ian G. (December 2011). "Epithelial organization, cell polarity and tumorigenesis". Trends in ... His research focuses on the molecules that establish Cell polarity in Epithelium, both in normal cells and in cancer. "Ian ... "New chair of Cell and Developmental Biology named (03/22/12)". www.mc.vanderbilt.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-07. Macara, Ian G.; ... McCaffrey, Luke Martin; Macara, Ian G. (August 2009). "Widely conserved signaling pathways in the establishment of cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Macara

Cotsarelis G (2006). "Epithelial stem cells: a folliculocentric view". J. Invest. Dermatol. 126 (7): 1459-68. doi:10.1038/sj. ... Lin, K. K.; Andersen, B. (2008). "Have Hair Follicle Stem Cells Shed Their Tranquil Image?". Cell Stem Cell. 3 (6): 581-582. ... It houses several types of stem cells, which supply the entire hair follicle with new cells, and take part in healing the ... Cell division in the papilla is either rare or non-existent.[contradictory] Around the papilla is the hair matrix. A root ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_follicle

Sorce, B (2015). "Mitotic cells contract actomyosin cortex and generate pressure to round against or escape epithelial ... "Mechanics and Regulation of Cell Shape During the Cell Cycle". Cell Cycle in Development. Results and Problems in Cell ... Mitotic cell rounding is a shape change that occurs in most animal cells that undergo mitosis. Cells abandon the spread or ... Firstly, mitotic cell rounding in combination with maintenance of apical cell-cell junctions appears to be necessary for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitotic_cell_rounding

It is known that the most frequently colonized sites are epithelial cell surfaces and red and white blood cells inside of the ... Since M. incognitus is a mycoplasma, it does not have a cell wall, which means that it is naturally immune to many different ... This mycoplasma acts by entering into the individual cells of the body where it can lie dormant for 10, 20, or 30 years. If the ... M. incognitus has the ability to alter red blood cells so that they swell and therefore cannot be compressed and passed through ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_incognitus

... during tumorigenesis in human epithelial cancers: evidence for potential clinical utility of COX-2 inhibitors in epithelial ... Cell Dev. Biol. 17 (5): 544-54. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.09.001. PMID 17071117. Minghetti L, Pocchiari M (2007). " ... PTGS2 (COX-2) is unexpressed under normal conditions in most cells, but elevated levels are found during inflammation. PTGS1 ( ... Since PTGS2 (COX-2) is generally expressed only in cells where prostaglandins are upregulated (e.g., during inflammation), drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin-endoperoxide_synthase_2

For a time the vagina is represented by a solid rod of epithelial cells. A ring-like outgrowth of this epithelium occurs at the ... Development proceeds and the oogonia become fully surrounded by a layer of connective tissue cells (pre-granulosa cells). In ... At about the fifth or sixth month the lumen of the vagina is produced by the breaking down of the central cells of the ... This is due to the production of Anti-Müllerian hormone by the Sertoli cells of the testes. In the female the paramesonephric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_reproductive_system

... which are a form of benign tumor of epithelial cells, are also caused by various strains of HPV. However, these serotypes are ... In medical research, the most famous immortalized cell line, known as HeLa, was developed from cervical cancer cells of a woman ... carcinoma Small cell carcinoma Neuroendocrine tumour Glassy cell carcinoma Villoglandular adenocarcinoma Though squamous cell ... It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Early on, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer

... a novel nuclear tyrosine kinase expressed in epithelial cells". Cell Growth Differ. 5 (12): 1347-55. PMID 7696183. Lee J, Wang ... Lyn and Fgr are highly expressed in malignant prostate cells compared to normal prostate cells. When the primary prostate cells ... HSP90 inhibitor NVP-BEP800 has been described to affect stability of Src tyrosine kinase and growth of T-cell and B-cell acute ... Src, Fyn and Yes are expressed ubiquitously in all cell types while the others are generally found in hematopoietic cells. c- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-oncogene_tyrosine-protein_kinase_Src

... proteomics screen identifies a substrate repertoire of rhomboid protease RHBDL2 in human cells and implicates it in epithelial ... Molecular Cell. 11 (6): 1425-34. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00181-3. PMID 12820957. Urban S, Lee JR, Freeman M (October 2001). " ... "Drosophila rhomboid-1 defines a family of putative intramembrane serine proteases". Cell. 107 (2): 173-82. doi:10.1016/s0092- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhomboid-related_protein_2

CEBPD transcription factor as tumor suppressor as well as tumor promoter in breast epithelial cells and cells of the tumor ... Sterneck's research investigates signaling pathways with emphasis on pro-inflammatory molecules in breast epithelial cells and ... She studies cell signaling pathways that regulate mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. In 2013, Sterneck received the ... Her thesis work investigated oncogene cooperation in leukemia cells and revealed their coordinate induction of an essential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esta_Sterneck

Epithelial cells lining the fronds' inner surfaces commonly form solid, cribriform (i.e. large nests of cells perforated by ... These cells, which are not myoepithelial cells, have been termed globoid cells. They have eosinophilic cytoplasm (i.e. pink or ... of epithelial cells lining the papillae that have abundant clear cytoplasm in addition to the usual neoplastic epithelial cells ... columnar-shaped epithelial cells (i.e. tall, narrow cells with their nuclei close to the site of their ductal attachment). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary_carcinomas_of_the_breast

The forced over expression of CMTM5-v1 in Huh7 human hepatic cells also inhibited the ability of these cells to grow in a mouse ... "Reduced CMTM5 expression correlates with carcinogenesis in human epithelial ovarian cancer". International Journal of ... Cai B, Xiao Y, Li Y, Zheng S (August 2017). "CMTM5 inhibits renal cancer cell growth through inducing cell-cycle arrest and ... the forced overexpression of CMTM5-v1 in cultured DU145 cells (a human prostate cancer cell line) reduces, while the forced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKLF-like_MARVEL_transmembrane_domain-containing_5

Vacuolated, or clear cells are common. Necrosis or cell death is normally observed to some extent in most of these tumors cells ... epithelial membrane antigen) → - GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) → + Synaptophysin → - Chromogranin → - NSE (neuron- ... If the abnormal cells continue to grow, divide, and produce more abnormal cells, the mass of abnormal cells may eventually ... The papilla is meant to be surface cells. The ependymal cells line the inside of the ventricles of the brain. These cells have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary_tumors_of_the_pineal_region

In addition, high expression of Granulysin can be found in the placenta to protect fetal epithelial cells. The 15 kDa GNLY was ... Its expression is restricted to cytotoxic immune cells such as cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, NKT cells and γδ T cells. Orthologs ... such as NK cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and in higher concentrations, immature dendritic cells. The 9 kDa form ... Granulysin is expressed in killer cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells, which hold the cytotoxic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNLY

Cell. 17 (4): 525-35. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.02.003. PMID 15721256. Soung YH, Lee JW, Park WS, et al. (2006). "BH3 domain ... 2007). "Functional role and oncogene-regulated expression of the BH3-only factor Bmf in mammary epithelial anoikis and ... Cell. 17 (3): 393-403. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.12.030. PMID 15694340. Kuwana T, Bouchier-Hayes L, Chipuk JE, et al. (2005). " ... Bmf and Bcl-G in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas". Tumori. 93 (2): 195-7. doi:10.1177/030089160709300214. PMID 17557568. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMF_(gene)

... biofilm formation and possesses at least four binding domains which can bind to different cell receptors on the epithelial cell ... filamentous protein that serves as a dominant attachment factor for adherence to host ciliated epithelial cells of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filamentous_haemagglutinin_adhesin

... (SRCC) is a rare form of highly malignant adenocarcinoma that produces mucin. It is an epithelial ... Some cases are inherited, and these cases are often caused by mutations in the CDH1 gene, which encodes the important cell-cell ... As a result, the ErbB2/ErbB3 signaling pathway becomes constitutively activated, cell-cell interactions are lost and signet ... July 2013). "Signet ring cell colorectal carcinoma: a distinct subset of mucin-poor microsatellite-stable signet ring cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signet_ring_cell_carcinoma

... low levels of E-cadherin and poor cell-to-cell adhesion could be restored to normal epithelial morphology and increased E- ... F9 embryonal carcinoma cells are similar to the P19 cells shown in Figure 1 and normally have cell-to-cell adhesion mediated by ... providing the cell with a means of stable cell adhesion. However, decreases in this adhesion ability of the cell has been ... "Knockdown of Sec6 improves cell-cell adhesion by increasing α-E-catenin in oral cancer cells". FEBS Lett. 586 (6): 924-33. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

Schwarzer C, Machen TE, Illek B, Fischer H (2004). "NADPH oxidase-dependent acid production in airway epithelial cells". J. ... 2002). "An NAD(P)H oxidase regulates growth and transcription in melanoma cells". Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 282 (6): C1212 ... "Nox4-dependent ROS modulation by amino endoperoxides to induce apoptosis in cancer cells". Cell Death Dis. 4 (3): e552. doi: ... Cell. Biol. 24 (5): 1844-54. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.5.1844-1854.2004. PMC 350558. PMID 14966267. Chamulitrat W, Stremmel W, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOX4

Epithelial cells are responsible for clonal deletion within the medulla. These medullary epithelial cells express an autoimmune ... Such T cells are often removed via clonal deletion, leaving autoreactive B cells unstimulated and unactivated. These B cells do ... Thymic dendritic cells and macrophages appear to be responsible for the apoptotic signals sent to autoreactive T cells in the ... This occurs after the functional B-cell receptor (BCR) is assembled. It is possible for B cells with high self affinity to go ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonal_deletion

A virus-infected cell releases viral particles that can infect nearby cells. However, the infected cell can protect neighboring ... Wilhelmus KR (January 2015). "Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial ... and its expression is restricted to immune cells such as T cells and NK cells. All interferons share several common effects: ... Type II interferons are also released by cytotoxic T cells and type-1 T helper cells. However, they block the proliferation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

"The voltage-activated hydrogen ion conductance in rat alveolar epithelial cells is determined by the pH gradient", Journal of ... chloride channels contribute to the maintenance of cell resting potential and help to regulate cell volume. Voltage-gated ... In most cells, Ca2+ channels regulate a wide variety of biochemical processes due to their role in controlling intracellular ... Inactivation is thought to be mediated by an intracellular gate that controls the opening of the pore on the inside of the cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_ion_channel

It can attach to epithelial cells, and may protect vascular endothelial cells against peroxynitrite toxicity. The high selenium ... Genes Cells. 5 (12): 1049-60. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00392.x. PMID 11168591. S2CID 31432708. Fujii M; Saijoh K; Kobayashi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenoprotein_P

December 2017). "YY1 Is a Structural Regulator of Enhancer-Promoter Loops". Cell. 171 (7): 1573-1588.e28. doi:10.1016/j.cell. ... June 2009). "Sex steroid receptors in skeletal differentiation and epithelial neoplasia: is tissue-specific intervention ... February 2018). "The Human Transcription Factors". Cell. 172 (4): 650-665. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.029. PMID 29425488. ... Several cell function specific transcription factors (there are about 1,600 transcription factors in a human cell) generally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)

Early in the process of apolysis the epithelial cells release enzymatic moulting fluid between the old cuticle and the ... is the product of the single layer of columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells attached to the basement membrane. The cuticle ... as much as possible of the exocuticle material is internally digested by enzymatic action and reabsorbed through the epithelial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropod_cuticle

Cell Death and Differentiation. 19 (4): 713-21. doi:10.1038/cdd.2011.143. PMC 3307984. PMID 22052189. Oneyama C, Morii E, ... "Micro-RNA signature of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial carcinosarcoma". The Journal of Pathology. 223 (1 ... "Expression of microRNAs in basal cell carcinoma". The British Journal of Dermatology. 167 (4): 847-55. doi:10.1111/j.1365- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-542_microRNA_precursor_family

This led to the subsequent discovery that epithelial cells from those with moderate-severe asthma were deficient in their ... After establishing the key role that mast cells and other key effector cells play in triggering the acute allergic inflammatory ... The concept emerged that in severe asthma, the airways behaved like a chronic wound with impaired epithelial repair and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Holgate_(physician)

... involves tumour cells undergoing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to invade and spread, followed by a mesenchymal- ... The basis of the therapy stems from the tendency of malignant tumor cells to assume a less specialized, stem cell-like ... 2004). "Stem cell origin of cancer and differentiation therapy". Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. 51 (1): 1-28. doi: ... Differentiation therapy is a method to treating advanced cancers in which malignant cells are encouraged to differentiate into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation_therapy

There are no epithelial cells lining the digestive vacuole, but there is sometimes a short pharynx leading from the mouth to ... All other bilateral animals (apart from tapeworms) have a gut lined with epithelial cells. As a result, the acoels appear to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoela

Each olfactory receptor cell expresses only one type of olfactory receptor (OR), but many separate olfactory receptor cells ... The dendrites extend to the olfactory epithelial surface and each ends in a dendritic knob from which around 20 to 35 cilia ... opens ion channels in the cell membrane, resulting in an influx of sodium and calcium ions into the cell, and an efflux of ... The cell bodies of the ORNs are distributed among all three of the stratified layers of the olfactory epithelium. Many tiny ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_receptor_neuron

Although SARS-CoV-2 has a tropism for ACE2-expressing epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, people with severe COVID‑19 ... The SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect a wide range of cells and systems of the body. COVID‑19 is most known for affecting the upper ... The cells of the central nervous system, the microglia, neurons, and astrocytes, are also involved in the release of pro- ... S2 mediates the membrane fusion of the virus to its potential cell host via the H1 and HR2, which are heptad repeat regions. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

"Interaction of Munc-18-2 with syntaxin 3 controls the association of apical SNAREs in epithelial cells". J. Cell Sci. 111 (17 ... "Apical localization of a functional TRPC3/TRPC6-Ca2+-signaling complex in polarized epithelial cells. Role in apical Ca2+ ... controls apical membrane trafficking in epithelial cells". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (18): 13476-83. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.18.13476. ... "Human syntaxin 3 is localized apically in human intestinal cells". J. Cell Sci. 110 (18): 2207-14. doi:10.1242/jcs.110.18.2207 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntaxin_3

... and stomach cells. Many cells do not enter G0 and continue to divide throughout an organism's life, e.g., epithelial cells. The ... Controlling the Cell Cycle The cell cycle & Cell death Transcriptional program of the cell cycle: high-resolution timing Cell ... Cell cycle checkpoints are used by the cell to monitor and regulate the progress of the cell cycle. Checkpoints prevent cell ... This cyclin-Cdk driven cell cycle transitional mechanism governs a cell committed to the cell cycle that allows cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle

... stem cell: Epithelial stem cells: The epidermis of the skin contains layers of cells called keratinocytes. Only the basal layer ... A number of these cells are stem cells, but the majority are transit amplifying cells. The keratinocytes slowly move… ... next to the dermis, contains cells that divide. ... Other articles where epithelial stem cell is discussed: ... stem cells. *. In stem cell: Epithelial stem cells. The epidermis of the skin contains layers of cells called keratinocytes. ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/epithelial-stem-cell

Certain types of epithelial cells have tiny hairs called cilia, which help remove foreign substances. ... Epithelial cells help to protect or enclose organs; some produce mucus or other secretions. ... Epithelial cells help to protect or enclose organs; some produce mucus or other secretions. Certain types of epithelial cells ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/8952.htm

Cell lines A549 and H441 and primary culture of human alveolar epithelial cells (HAECs) grown to confluence on gold ... Barrier-protective effects of activated protein C in human alveolar epithelial cells. Ferranda Puig, Jéssica Tijero, Ramon ... Then, the pattern of the response to Thr in the three human lung epithelial cell types differed. The Thr-induced acute decline ... We aimed to study the effects of activated protein C (APC) on barrier integrity in cultured human lung epithelial cells exposed ...

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/42/Suppl_57/387

Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 1994;93(2):809-819. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI117035 ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/117035/pdf

The central corneal epithelial cells had a normal appearance with polygonal superficial cells, well-defined wing cells, and ... Objective: To study and characterize the epithelial cells in patients with a central "island" of normal epithelial cells ... epithelial irregularity, and vascularization and by IVCM showing bright conjunctival epithelial cells, superficial and deep ... The role of limbal stem cells in corneal epithelial maintenance: testing the dogma Ophthalmology. 2009 May;116(5):856-63. doi: ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19410942/?dopt=Abstract

Here the authors show that incorporating human amniotic epithelial cells into islet organoids improves engraftment and function ... Our results demonstrate that the integration of hAECs into islet cell organoids has great potential in the development of cell- ... and human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs). Incorporation of hAECs into islet organoids markedly enhances engraftment, ... stem-cell-derived or xenogeneic) sources of insulin-producing cells. Islet transplantation is a feasible approach to treat type ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12472-3?elqTrackId=8917055576d14dc2bb6fe07751d28408&elq=f2c6130401b5441daa8349c2a3dc6686&elqaid=26276&elqat=1&elqCampaignId=10602&error=cookies_not_supported&code=320b80ed-e89e-4d58-b8c6-2b31882d1caf

In this study, we used pulmonary-associated cell lines to assess the in vitro cytotoxic effects of thirty flavoring chemicals ... Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and both naïve and activated macrophages (THP-1) were treated with 10, 100, and 1000 ... Cell Culture. *All cells were cultured at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere in a Thermo Forma incubator in DMEM:F12 media (ATCC) ... Cells were incubated with the dye for 45 minutes, after which the cells were rinsed with PBS and treated with 10, 100, and 1000 ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/data/datasets/rd-1026-2021-0/default.html

You need to be signed in to access email alerts. If you have an account log in with your user name and password. If you dont have an account you can just enter your email address in the email box below ...

https://thorax.bmj.com/content/64/11/1009.1.alerts

Thats not the only place you find these cells. Epithelial cells also line the inside ... Even if you think your skin is one smooth surface, it is actually made of millions of epithelial cells that are tightly packed ... Where are epithelial cells?Take a quick look at the skin on your hands. ... back to comicEpithelial Cells[caption caption= align=right][/caption] ...

https://askabiologist.asu.edu/epithelial-cells

Explore related and complementary products for the cell culture stage. ... intestinal stem cells (ISCs), Paneth cells, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and enterocytes. See MoreModel the intestinal ... Human Primary Cells. It All Starts With the Right Cells View Products , ... The intestinal epithelium is composed of five major cell types that are arranged in a crypt-villus structure: ...

https://www.stemcell.com/product-portfolios/intestinal-epithelial-cell-research/cell-culture.html?species=Rat

... was limited to the epithelial layer, was related to dose and was dependent on the specific epithelial cell type. The more ... Olfactory epithelial cells in the posterior nasal region were minimally labelled. Cellular localization in the tracheobronchial ... Radioactivity was detected throughout the entire respiratory epithelial layer and this cell type was the site of greatest ... Differential labelling of airway epithelial cell types resulting from inhalation exposure to 14C-labelled isocyanates.. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20044982.html

Identification of a Proteomic Signature of Senescence in Primary Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. Alireza Delfarah, DongQing ... Here, we analyzed primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), a model system for aging, using mass spectrometry-based ... Identification of a Proteomic Signature of Senescence in Primary Human Mammary Epithelial Cells ... Identification of a Proteomic Signature of Senescence in Primary Human Mammary Epithelial Cells ...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.309351v3

Effect and underlying mechanisms of airborne particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on cultured human corneal epithelial cells. ...

https://www.proquest.com/openview/826eeae91ce0b16294a5f6d2d9be72f3/1%3Fpq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D2041939

The adherent monolayer HJ1.Ov cell culture presented in this section was labeled for the cytoskeletal filamentous actin and ... Tahr Ovary Epithelial Cells (HJ1.Ov Line). The HJ1.Ov cell line was derived from the ovary tissue of a normal and healthy ... Though there are many different types of epithelial cells in the body that may be arranged in a number of ways, the cells are ... Additional Fluorescence Images of Tahr Ovary Epithelial (HJ1.Ov) Cells. Visualizing Peroxisome Distribution and the Filamentous ...

https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/gallery/cells/hj1ov/hj1ovcells.html

We also include cell alignment, cell-specific mechanical properties, cell growth, division and apoptosis as well as a flexible ... for cell-resolution studies of the mechanics of confluent epithelial tissues consisting of tens of thousands of cells, with a ... Active vertex model(s) for epithelial cell sheets. Add to your list(s) Download to your calendar using vCal ... In the self-propelled Voronoi model, cell contacts are generated dynamically from positions of cell centres. This not only ...

https://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/98209

Changes in human airway cells transcriptome during epithelial wound repair. Beata Narozna, Wojciech Langwiński, Zuzanna ... Changes in human airway cells transcriptome during epithelial wound repair. Beata Narozna, Wojciech Langwiński, Zuzanna ... Changes in human airway cells transcriptome during epithelial wound repair. Beata Narozna, Wojciech Langwiński, Zuzanna ... Changes in human airway cells transcriptome during epithelial wound repair Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message ...

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/58/suppl_65/PA3685

This image is from a tomogram through part of a Golgi ribbon from a normal rat kidney cell, generated using high voltage ... Cell Type. epithelial cell Cell Line. NRK-52E Cellular Component. Golgi apparatus Golgi cisterna ... 1999) Golgi structure in three dimensions: Functional insights from the normal rat kidney cell. J. Cell Biol. 144 (6) 1135-1149 ... Cells were grown on 100-mesh gold EM grids, and maintained at 15°C for 4 hours before plunge freezing in liquid nitrogen ( ...

http://cellimagelibrary.org/images/24493

In multiple cell types, including mammary epithelial cells, abrogation of p53 (encoded by Trp53) function is associated with ... Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Cell Nucleus, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21, Cyclins, ... Epithelial cell cycling predicts p53 responsiveness to gamma-irradiation during post-natal mammary gland development.. Title. ... Epithelial cell cycling predicts p53 responsiveness to gamma-irradiation during post-natal mammary gland development.. ...

https://www.umass.edu/veterinary-animal-sciences/research-faculty/publications/epithelial-cell-cycling-predicts-p53-responsiveness-to-gamma-0

Superficial vaginal epithelial cell with pyknotic nucleus. Superficial vaginal epithelial cell with pyknotic nucleus. At this ...

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/multimedia/image/superficial-vaginal-epithelial-cell-with-pyknotic-nucleus

Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells isolated from normal human nasal mucosa. - Human Primary Cell Culture, Epithelial Cell ... Airway Epithelial Cell Growth Medium. Serum-free cell culture medium for epithelial cells from large air passages. ... Cell pellet: 1 million cells dissolved in 200µl RNAlater© for subsequent RNA, DNA or protein analysis. Cell pellets cannot be ... Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells (HNEpC) are isolated from normal human nasal mucosa and stain positive for cytokeratin.. ...

https://promocell.com/product/human-nasal-epithelial-cells-hnepc/

Susceptibility of Well-Differentiated Airway Epithelial Cell Cultures from Domestic and Wild Animals to Severe Acute ... Susceptibility of Well-Differentiated Airway Epithelial Cell Cultures from Domestic and Wild Animals to Severe Acute ... as well as the apical washes from SARS-CoV-2-infected monkey and cat airway epithelial cell cultures with either P1 or P2 stock ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/7/20-4660-f3

MiR-514a-3p inhibits cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting EGFR in clear cell renal cell ... Cell lines and cell culture. The RCC cell lines (786-O and ACHN) were purchased from Shanghai Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of ... NSD1 inactivation and SETD2 mutation drive a convergence toward loss-of-function of H3K36 writers in clear-cell renal cell ... Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell. 2009;139:871-90 ...

https://medsci.org/v16p1404.htm

Yap and Taz regulate retinal pigment epithelial cell fate. Development , 142 (17) pp. 3021-3032. 10.1242/dev.119008. ... Yap and Taz regulate retinal pigment epithelial cell fate.pdf Download (12MB) , Preview ... optic vesicle progenitor cells completely lose their ability to form RPE. The mechanism of Yap-dependent RPE cell type ... and Yap immunoreactivity localizes to the nuclei of prospective RPE cells. yap (yap1) mutants lack a subset of RPE cells and/or ...

https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469849/

... regulated molecular switch linking IGF signaling to epithelial cell proliferation and bone calcification. ... 2019) Cell-autonomous regulation of epithelial cell quiescence by calcium channel Trpv6 eLife 8:e48003. ... known as NaR cells, are functionally similar to human intestinal epithelial cells. They play a key role in maintaining body Ca ... cells and Na+/Cl- cotransporter (NCC) cells, two other types of ionocytes located in the yolk sac epidermis. HR and NCC cells ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/52322

Working Title:Postdoctoral Scientist - Hematopoietic and Epithelial Cell Biology Research Cluster. Department:Cancer Resrch Ctr ... Postdoctoral scientists in the Hematopoietic & Epithelial Cell Biology Cluster (HECBC) will undergo training in the research ... critical insights into the molecular underpinnings of hematopoietic and epithelial stem cell/progenitor systems, and their role ...

https://www.postdocjobs.com/posting/7111657

... including basal cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of pulmonary epithelial cells isolated from IPF lung tissue demonstrated ... RNA , 100 TPM and in 2 random control cells. All MEG3. RNA splicing exon variants were identified in IPF epithelial cells. ... 21) were identified in single-cell RNA sequences from normal donor and IPF epithelial cells by a custom LncRNA screen (GEO ... Peripheral pulmonary epithelial cells lose normal alveolar epithelial gene expression patterns and variably express genes ...

https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/122490/figure/1

... epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) renal ... of renal tubular epithelial cells; this begins with loss of adhesion of tubular epithelial cells owing to the downregulation of ... Shenning II Decoction Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells via Regulation of Wnt/β- ... UUO model rats showed slight necrosis of tubular epithelial cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the renal ...

https://scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=104186

Human amniotic fluid stem cells can integrate and differentiate into epithelial lung lineages.. Human amniotic fluid stem cells ... Californias Stem Cell Agency California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. * For Researchers * Funding Opportunities * ... These cells are multipotent, showing the ability to differentiate into cell types from each embryonic germ layer. We ... A new source of stem cells has recently been isolated from amniotic fluid; these amniotic fluid stem cells have significant ...

https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/publications/human-amniotic-fluid-stem-cells-can-integrate-and-differentiate-epithelial

Co-staining for an epithelial cell marker identified most WUPyV viral protein 1-positive cells as respiratory epithelial cells ... Respiratory Epithelial Cells Tropism Viruses WU Polyomavirus WU Polyomavirus In Respiratory Epithelial Cells From Lung ... Title : WU Polyomavirus in Respiratory Epithelial Cells from Lung Transplant Patient with Job Syndrome Personal Author(s) : ... WU Polyomavirus in Respiratory Epithelial Cells from Lung Transplant Patient with Job Syndrome. ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/26682

Cleavage of E-cadherin by ADAM10 mediates epithelial cell sorting downstream of EphB signalling ...

https://www.irbbarcelona.org/en/about-us/publications/cleavage-e-cadherin-adam10-mediates-epithelial-cell-sorting-downstream-ephb

Anatomy74

Organisms13

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs78

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Stimulation of thymidine uptake and cell proliferation in mouse embryo fibroblasts by conditioned medium from mammary cells in culture. (1/24454)

oko meduzy mutations affect neuronal patterning in the zebrafish retina and reveal cell-cell interactions of the retinal neuroepithelial sheet. (2/24454)

PKCdelta acts as a growth and tumor suppressor in rat colonic epithelial cells. (3/24454)

The Gab1 PH domain is required for localization of Gab1 at sites of cell-cell contact and epithelial morphogenesis downstream from the met receptor tyrosine kinase. (4/24454)

Progesterone inhibits estrogen-induced cyclin D1 and cdk4 nuclear translocation, cyclin E- and cyclin A-cdk2 kinase activation, and cell proliferation in uterine epithelial cells in mice. (5/24454)

Transformation of intestinal epithelial cells by chronic TGF-beta1 treatment results in downregulation of the type II TGF-beta receptor and induction of cyclooxygenase-2. (6/24454)

Increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 in human breast cancer. (7/24454)

Role of retinoid receptors in the regulation of mucin gene expression by retinoic acid in human tracheobronchial epithelial cells. (8/24454)

No FAQ available that match "epithelial cells"

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Epithelial Cells

Epithelium

Cell Line

Respiratory Mucosa

Cells, Cultured

Intestinal Mucosa

Bronchi

Epithelium, Corneal

RNA, Messenger

Epithelioid Cells

Mammary Glands, Animal

Caco-2 Cells

Bacterial Adhesion

Cell Polarity

Interleukin-8

Immunohistochemistry

Signal Transduction

Pulmonary Alveoli

Lung

Lens, Crystalline

Cell Division

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Breast

Mammary Glands, Human

Colon

Keratins

Blotting, Western

Gene Expression Regulation

Cell Line, Transformed

Apoptosis

Cell Differentiation

Mouth Mucosa

Dogs

Intestines

Pigment Epithelium of Eye

Trachea

Gene Expression

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic

Cell Adhesion

Membrane Proteins

Kidney

Tight Junctions

Molecular Sequence Data

Cell Proliferation

Microscopy, Electron

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Transfection

Cadherins

Kidney Tubules

Cell Line, Tumor

Up-Regulation

Cell Movement

Prostate

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Cornea

Cell Survival

Gastric Mucosa

Kidney Tubules, Proximal

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Base Sequence

Cell Membrane

Intestine, Small

Microscopy, Confocal

NF-kappa B

Time Factors

Cell Culture Techniques

LLC-PK1 Cells

Mucins

Conjunctiva

Phosphorylation

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Intercellular Junctions

Zonula Occludens-1 Protein

Limbus Corneae

Respiratory System

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

RNA, Small Interfering

Actins

Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect