Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Lidocaine
Anesthetics, Local
Propranolol
Sympathomimetics
Dental Pulp Test
Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase
Receptors, Adrenergic
Phentolamine
Glucagon
Anaphylaxis
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha
Anesthesia, Local
Hypoglycemia
Mandibular Nerve
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Platelet Aggregation
Insulin
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists
Heart Arrest
Nerve Block
Isoproterenol
Metanephrine
Blood Platelets
Mepivacaine
Vasopressins
Hemodynamics
Cyclic AMP
Adrenal Medulla
Hydrocortisone
Dogs
Dihydroergotoxine
Infusions, Intravenous
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
Halothane
Glycerol
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Lipid Mobilization
Yohimbine
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2
Sympathetic Nervous System
Hypodermoclysis
Asphyxia
Lipolysis
Prilocaine
Glucose
Hormones
Adrenergic Agents
Adenosine Diphosphate
Administration, Topical
Lactic Acid
Aphakia
Clonidine
Maxillary Nerve
Adenylate Cyclase
Alprenolol
Amrinone
Phenoxybenzamine
Sympatholytics
Adipose Tissue
Theophylline
Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2
Phenylephrine
Aqueous Humor
Adrenal Glands
Timolol
Bucladesine
Hierarchy of ventricular pacemakers. (1/4955)
To characterize the pattern of pacemaker dominance in the ventricular specialized conduction system (VSCS), escape ventricular pacemakers were localized and quantified in vivo and in virto, in normal hearts and in hearts 24 hours after myocardial infarction. Excape pacemaker foci were localized in vivo during vagally induced atrial arrest by means of electrograms recorded from the His bundle and proximal bundle branches and standard electrocardiographic limb leads. The VSCS was isolated using a modified Elizari preparation or preparations of each bundle branch. Peacemakers were located by extra- and intracellular recordings. Escape pacemaker foci in vivo were always in the proximal conduction system, usually the left bundle branch. The rate was 43+/-11 (mean+/-SD) beats/min. After beta-adrenergic blockade, the mean rate fell to 31+/-10 beats/min, but there were no shifts in pacemaker location. In the infarcted hearts, pacemakers were located in the peripheral left bundle branch. The mean rate was 146+/-20 beats/min. In isolated normal preparations, the dominant pacemakers usually were in the His bundle, firing at a mean rate of 43+/-10 beats/min. The rates of pacemakers diminished with distal progression. In infarcted hearts, the pacemakers invariably were in the infarct zone. The mean firing rates were not influenced by beta-adrenergic blockade. The results indicate that the dominant pacemakers are normally in the very proximal VSCS, but after myocardial infarction pacemaker dominance is shifted into the infarct. Distribution of pacemaker dominance is independent of sympathetic influence. (+info)Allyl-containing sulfides in garlic increase uncoupling protein content in brown adipose tissue, and noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion in rats. (2/4955)
The effects of garlic supplementation on triglyceride metabolism were investigated by measurements of the degree of thermogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), and noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion in rats fed two types of dietary fat. In Experiment 1, rats were given isoenergetic high-fat diets containing either shortening or lard with or without garlic powder supplementation (8 g/kg of diet). After 28 d feeding, body weight, plasma triglyceride levels and the weights of perirenal adipose tissue and epididymal fat pad were significantly lower in rats fed diets supplemented with garlic powder than in those fed diets without garlic powder. The content of mitochondrial protein and uncoupling protein (UCP) in IBAT, and urinary noradrenaline and adrenaline excretion were significantly greater in rats fed a lard diet with garlic powder than in those fed the same diet without garlic. Other than adrenaline secretion, differences due to garlic were significant in rats fed shortening, also. In Experiment 2, the effects of various allyl-containing sulfides present in garlic on noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion were evaluated. Administration of diallyldisulfide, diallyltrisulfide and alliin, organosulfur compounds present in garlic, significantly increased plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations, whereas the administration of disulfides without allyl residues, diallylmonosulfide and S-allyl-L-cysteine did not increase adrenaline secretion. These results suggest that in rats, allyl-containing sulfides in garlic enhance thermogenesis by increasing UCP content in IBAT, and noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion. (+info)Further studies on the mechanism of adrenaline-induced lipolysis in lipid micelles. (3/4955)
Lipase [EC 3.1.1.3] depleted lipid micelles, in which lipolysis was not elicited by adrenaline, were prepared from lipid micelles. When these lipase-depleted lipid micelles incubated with adipose tissue extract containing lipase activity, adrenaline-induced lipolysis was restored to almost the same level as that of native lipid micelles. Adrenaline-induced lipolysis was not restored when the lipase-depleted lipid micelles were homogenized or sonicated. Various tissue extracts from kidney, lung, liver, and pancreas, and post-heparin plasma, which contained lipase activity, restored adrenaline-induced lipolysis in lipase-depleted lipid micelles. (+info)Lipolytic action of cholera toxin on fat cells. Re-examination of the concept implicating GM1 ganglioside as the native membrane receptor. (4/4955)
The possible role of galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide (GM1) ganglioside in the lipolytic activity of cholera toxin on isolated fat cells has been examined. Analyses of the ganglioside content and composition of intact fat cells, their membranous ghosts, and the total particulate fraction of these cells indicate that N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide (GM3) represents the major ganglioside, with substantial amounts of N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide (GM2) and smaller amounts of other higher homologues also present. Native GM1 was not detected in any of these preparations. Examination of the relative capacities of various exogenously added radiolabeled sphingolipids to bind to the cells indicated that GM2 and glucosylsphingosine were accumulated by the cells to extents comparable to GM1. Galactosylsphingosine and sulfatide also exhibited significant, although lesser, binding affinities for the cells. The adipocytes appeared to nonspecifically bind exogenously added GM1; saturation of binding sites for GM1 could not be observed up to the highest concentration tested (2 X 10(-4) M), wherein about 7 X 10(9) molecules were associated with the cells. Essentially all of this exogenously added GM1 was found bound to the plasma membrane "ghost" fraction. Investigation of the biological responses of the cells confirmed their sensitivities to both cholera toxin and epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis, as well as the lag period displayed during the toxin's action. While we could confirm that the toxin's lipolytic activity can be enhanced by prior treatment of the fat cells with GM1, several of the observed characteristics of this phenomenon differ from earlier reported findings. Accordingly, added GM1 was able to enhance only the subsequent rate, but not the extent, of toxin-stimulated glycerol release (lipolysis) from the cells. We also were unable to confirm the ability of GM1 to enhance the toxin's activity at either saturating or at low toxin concentrations. The limited ability of added GM1 to enhance the toxin's activity appeared in a unique bell-shaped dose-response manner. The inability of high levels of GM1 to stimulate a dose of toxin that was ineffective on native cells suggests that the earlier reported ability of crude brain gangliosides to accomplish this was due to some component other than GM1 in the crude extract. While several glycosphingolipids and some other carbohydrate-containing substances that were tested lacked the ability to mimic the enhancing effect of GM1, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside exhibited an effect similar to, although less pronounced than, that of GM1. The findings in these studies are unable to lend support to the earlier hypothesis that (a) GM1 is cholera toxin's naturally occurring membrane receptor on native fat cells, and (b) the ability of exogenously added GM1 to enhance the toxin's lipolytic activity represents the specific creation of additional natural receptors on adipocytes... (+info)Adrenoreceptors of the guinea-pig urinary bladder. (5/4955)
1 Adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline (5 mug/ml) did not affect the resting tone of the isolated urinary bladder of the guinea-pig. 2 The catecholamines (1-2 mug/ml) inhibited neuronally evoked contractions at various stimulation frequencies; the inhibition was maximum at 2 Hz and minimum at 50 Hz. Isoprenaline produced maximum inhibition. 3 Propranolol (0.5 mug/ml) completely blocked the catecholamine-induced inhibition at all the frequencies employed. The concentration-response curves of isoprenaline at 2, 10 and 50 Hz were characteristically shifted by propranolol (50 ng/ml). Phenoxybenzamine (0.2 mug/ml) was totally ineffective. 4 In some experiments adrenaline significantly raised the tone of the bladder exposed to propranolol; this effect could be blocked by phenoxybenzamine. 5 Acetylcholine-induced bladder contractions were inhibited by adrenaline (2 mug/ml); the inhibition was completely blocked by propranolol (0.5 mug/ml). 6 The results indicate the presence of an inhibitory beta-adrenoceptor and suggest the possibility of an excitatory alpha-adrenoceptor in guinea-pig urinary bladder. (+info)A possible mode of cardiovascular actions of dopamine in dogs. (6/4955)
A possible mode of cardiovascular actions of dopamine was studied using ephedrine. In the dog pretreated with repeated administrations of ephedrine (total dose, 40 or 80 mg/kg, i.v.) or with combined administrations of ephedrine (total dose, 90 mg/kg, s.c. and i.v.) and reserpine (2 mg/kg, s.c., 24 hr previously), pressor responses to dopamine were eliminated and reversed to depressor responses whereas depressor responses to dopamine were potentiated. Positive chronotropic effects of dopamine were almost eliminated. Pressor and positive chronotropic effects of tyramine were almost abolished. Sympathomimetic effect of noradrenaline and adrenaline were potentiated while those of isoprenaline were inhibited. In the heart-lung preparation of ephedrine-treated dogs (total dose, 40 mg/kg, i.v.), cardiac stimulating effects of dopamine and tyramine were strongly depressed, and those of noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoprenaline were reduced to some extent. In the open-chest dogs, after pretreatment of cocaine (4 mg/kg, i.v.), pressor, positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of noradrenaline were potentiated, whilst those of tyramine were inhibited. Those of dopamine were not visibly altered, but depressor, negative chronotropic and inotropic effects of dopamine appeared at small doses. In the ephedrine-pretreated dogs, these sympathomimetic effects of dopamine and tyramine after cocaine were strongly depressed and those of noradrenaline were inhibited to a certain degree. The results obtained with ephedrine suggest that dopamine differs from other catecholamines and tyramine in the mode of cardiovascular actions. (+info)alpha-adrenergic stimulation mediates glucose uptake through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in rat heart. (7/4955)
We examined whether insulin and catecholamines share common pathways for their stimulating effects on glucose uptake. We perfused isolated working rat hearts with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing [2-3H]glucose (5 mmol/L, 0.05 microCi/mL) and sodium oleate (0.4 mmol/L). In the absence or presence of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor wortmannin (3 micromol/L), we added insulin (1 mU/mL), epinephrine (1 micromol/L), phenylephrine (100 micromol/L) plus propranolol (10 micromol/L, selective alpha-adrenergic stimulation), or isoproterenol (1 micromol/L) plus phentolamine (10 micromol/L, selective beta-adrenergic stimulation) to the perfusate. Cardiac power was found to be stable in all groups (between 8.07+/-0.68 and 10.7+/-0. 88 mW) and increased (25% to 47%) with addition of epinephrine, but not with selective alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation. Insulin and epinephrine, as well as selective alpha- and beta-receptor stimulation, increased glucose uptake (the following values are in micromol/[min. g dry weight]: basal, 1.19+/-0.13; insulin, 3.89+/-0.36; epinephrine, 3.46+/-0.27; alpha-stimulation, 4.08+/-0.40; and beta-stimulation, 3.72+/-0.34). Wortmannin completely inhibited insulin-stimulated and selective alpha-stimulated glucose uptake, but it did not affect the epinephrine-stimulated or selective beta-stimulated glucose uptake. Sequential addition of insulin and epinephrine or insulin and alpha-selective stimulation showed additive effects on glucose uptake in both cases. Wortmannin further blocked the effects of insulin on glycogen synthesis. We conclude that alpha-adrenergic stimulation mediates glucose uptake in rat heart through a PI3-K-dependent pathway. However, the additive effects of alpha-adrenergic stimulation and insulin suggest 2 different isoforms of PI3-K, compartmentation of PI3-K, potentiation, or inhibition by wortmannin of another intermediate of the alpha-adrenergic signaling cascade. The stimulating effects of both the alpha- and the beta-adrenergic pathways on glucose uptake are independent of changes in cardiac performance. (+info)Lactate kinetics at rest and during exercise in lambs with aortopulmonary shunts. (8/4955)
In a previous study [G. C. M. Beaufort-Krol, J. Takens, M. C. Molenkamp, G. B. Smid, J. J. Meuzelaar, W. G. Zijlstra, and J. R. G. Kuipers. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 44): H1503-H1512, 1998], a lower systemic O2 supply was found in lambs with aortopulmonary left-to-right shunts. To determine whether the lower systemic O2 supply results in increased anaerobic metabolism, we used [1-13C]lactate to investigate lactate kinetics in eight 7-wk-old lambs with shunts and eight control lambs, at rest and during moderate exercise [treadmill; 50% of peak O2 consumption (VO2)]. The mean left-to-right shunt fraction in the shunt lambs was 55 +/- 3% of pulmonary blood flow. Arterial lactate concentrations and the rate of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) of lactate were similar in shunt and control lambs, both at rest (lactate: 1, 201 +/- 76 vs. 1,214 +/- 151 micromol/l; Ra = Rd: 12.97 +/- 1.71 vs. 12.55 +/- 1.25 micromol. min-1. kg-1) and during a similar relative workload. We found a positive correlation between Ra and systemic blood flow, O2 supply, and VO2 in both groups of lambs. In conclusion, shunt lambs have similar lactate kinetics as do control lambs, both at rest and during moderate exercise at a similar fraction of their peak VO2, despite a lower systemic O2 supply. (+info)Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:
1. Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and throat
2. Difficulty breathing or swallowing
3. Abdominal cramps
4. Nausea and vomiting
5. Rapid heartbeat
6. Feeling of impending doom or loss of consciousness
Anaphylaxis is diagnosed based on a combination of symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Treatment for anaphylaxis typically involves administering epinephrine (adrenaline) via an auto-injector, such as an EpiPen or Auvi-Q. Additional treatments may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy.
Prevention of anaphylaxis involves avoiding known allergens and being prepared to treat a reaction if it occurs. If you have a history of anaphylaxis, it is important to carry an EpiPen or other emergency medication with you at all times. Wearing a medical alert bracelet or necklace can also help to notify others of your allergy and the need for emergency treatment.
In severe cases, anaphylaxis can lead to unconsciousness, seizures, and even death. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent these complications and ensure a full recovery.
In extreme cases, hypoglycemia can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and even coma. It is important to recognize the symptoms of hypoglycemia early on and seek medical attention if they persist or worsen over time. Treatment typically involves raising blood sugar levels through the consumption of quick-acting carbohydrates such as glucose tablets, fruit juice, or hard candy.
If left untreated, hypoglycemia can have serious consequences, including long-term damage to the brain, heart, and other organs. It is important for individuals with diabetes to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly and work with their healthcare provider to manage their condition effectively.
There are two types of heart arrest:
1. Asystole - This is when the heart stops functioning completely and there is no electrical activity in the heart.
2. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation - This is when the heart is still functioning but there is no pulse and the rhythm is abnormal.
Heart arrest can be diagnosed through various tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests, and echocardiography. Treatment options for heart arrest include cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation, and medications to restore a normal heart rhythm.
In severe cases of heart arrest, the patient may require advanced life support measures such as mechanical ventilation and cardiac support devices. The prognosis for heart arrest is generally poor, especially if it is not treated promptly and effectively. However, with proper treatment and support, some patients can recover and regain normal heart function.
There are several types of asphyxia, including:
1. Respiratory asphyxia: This occurs when the individual's respiratory system is unable to provide enough oxygen to the body due to obstruction or paralysis of the respiratory muscles.
2. Cardiac asphyxia: This occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the body, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients.
3. Cerebral asphyxia: This occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen, leading to impaired consciousness, confusion, seizures, and even death.
4. Hypoxic-ischemic asphyxia: This occurs when there is a lack of oxygen and blood flow to the body's tissues, leading to tissue damage and cell death.
Asphyxia can cause a range of symptoms depending on its severity and duration, including:
1. Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
2. Confusion, disorientation, or loss of consciousness
3. Slurred speech or inability to speak
4. Seizures or convulsions
5. Pale or blue-tinged skin
6. Low blood pressure
7. Slow heart rate
8. Decreased level of consciousness
Treatment for asphyxia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In mild cases, treatment may involve providing oxygen therapy, administering medications to stimulate breathing, or performing other respiratory support measures. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary, and treatment may involve mechanical ventilation or other life-saving interventions.
Prevention of asphyxia is essential, and it can be achieved by avoiding situations that can lead to respiratory distress, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and exposure to toxic substances. It is also important to ensure proper ventilation in enclosed spaces and to use appropriate safety equipment when working with hazardous materials or in confined areas.
In conclusion, asphyxia is a serious condition that can lead to tissue damage and cell death due to a lack of oxygen and blood flow. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to prevent long-term brain damage and death. Prevention measures include avoiding situations that can lead to respiratory distress and ensuring proper ventilation in enclosed spaces.
Definition: Aphakia is a congenital or acquired condition characterized by the absence of the crystalline lens in one or both eyes. It can be classified into different types based on the severity and location of the defect.
Types of Aphakia:
1. Microphthalmia: This type of aphakia is characterized by a small eye that may or may not have a lens.
2. Anophthalmia: This is the most severe form of aphakia where one or both eyes are completely absent.
3. Coloboma: This type of aphakia is characterized by a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the iris or retina.
Causes: Aphakia can be caused by genetic mutations, acquired injuries, or infections during pregnancy or childhood. Some of the known causes of aphakia include:
1. Genetic disorders: Certain genetic conditions, such as Turner syndrome, can increase the risk of developing aphakia.
2. Infections: Infections such as rubella or toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can increase the risk of aphakia in the developing fetus.
3. Trauma: Injuries to the eye or head can cause aphakia, especially if they occur during childhood.
4. Tumors: Certain tumors, such as retinoblastoma, can cause aphakia if left untreated.
Symptoms: The symptoms of aphakia can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the age of onset. Some common symptoms include:
1. Blindness or vision loss in one or both eyes
2. Abnormal head positioning or posture
3. Difficulty with depth perception
4. Squinting or tilting the head to see objects clearly
5. Increased sensitivity to light
6. Lazy eye (amblyopia)
7. Poor pupillary reflex
8. Abnormal retinal development
9. Increased risk of other ocular abnormalities, such as cataracts or glaucoma
Diagnosis: Aphakia can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam, including a visual acuity test, refraction test, and ophthalmoscopy. Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, may also be used to evaluate the structure of the eye and detect any underlying conditions.
Treatment: The treatment for aphakia depends on the severity of the condition and the age of onset. Some possible treatments include:
1. Glasses or contact lenses: To correct refractive errors and improve vision.
2. Patching: To strengthen the weaker eye and improve amblyopia.
3. Atropine therapy: To reduce the amount of accommodation and improve alignment of the eyes.
4. Orthoptic exercises: To improve eye movement and alignment.
5. Surgery: To correct refractive errors, align the eyes properly, or remove any cataracts or other ocular abnormalities.
6. Prosthetic implantation: In some cases, a prosthetic eye may be recommended to restore the natural appearance of the eye and improve vision.
Prognosis: The prognosis for aphakia varies depending on the severity of the condition and the age of onset. In general, early diagnosis and treatment can improve the chances of successful management and a good visual outcome. However, some individuals with aphakia may experience long-term vision loss or other complications, such as amblyopia or glaucoma. Regular follow-up with an eye care professional is important to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.
A peptic ulcer hemorrhage is a serious complication that occurs when an ulcer in the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) bleeds. The bleeding can be severe and life-threatening, and it requires immediate medical attention.
Causes:
There are several factors that can contribute to the development of a peptic ulcer hemorrhage, including:
1. Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria
2. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen
3. Excessive alcohol consumption
4. Smoking
5. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a rare condition that causes the stomach to produce too much acid
6. Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disorder
7. Ulcers caused by other conditions such as cancer, trauma, or radiation therapy
Symptoms:
The symptoms of a peptic ulcer hemorrhage can vary depending on the severity of the bleeding, but they may include:
1. Vomiting blood or coffee ground-like material
2. Dark, tarry stools
3. Abdominal pain that worsens over time
4. Weakness and lightheadedness due to blood loss
5. Pale, cool, or clammy skin
Diagnosis:
To diagnose a peptic ulcer hemorrhage, a healthcare provider may use one or more of the following tests:
1. Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end is inserted through the mouth to visualize the stomach and duodenum.
2. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding scale: This is a system used to assess the severity of bleeding based on symptoms and physical examination findings.
3. Blood tests: These may be used to check for signs of anemia, such as low red blood cell count or high levels of hemoglobin in the urine.
4. Upper GI series: This is a test that uses X-rays to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
5. CT scan: A computerized tomography (CT) scan may be used to rule out other causes of bleeding, such as a ruptured ulcer or tumor.
Treatment:
The goal of treatment for a peptic ulcer hemorrhage is to stop the bleeding and prevent further complications. Treatment options may include:
1. Medications: These may include antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid production and protect the ulcer from further irritation.
2. Endoscopy: A healthcare provider may use an endoscope to locate the source of bleeding and apply a topical treatment such as cautery, sclerotherapy, or argon plasma coagulation to stop the bleeding.
3. Interventional radiology: In some cases, a healthcare provider may use interventional radiology techniques to embolize (block) the blood vessel feeding the ulcer. This can help stop the bleeding and promote healing.
4. Surgery: In rare cases where other treatments have failed, surgery may be necessary to repair the ulcer or remove any damaged tissue.
Prevention:
To prevent peptic ulcer hemorrhage from recurring, it is important to take steps to prevent further irritation of the ulcer and promote healing. This may include:
1. Avoiding NSAIDs and aspirin: These medications can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of bleeding.
2. Avoiding alcohol and smoking: Both of these can irritate the stomach lining and impair healing.
3. Eating a healthy diet: Avoiding spicy or acidic foods and eating smaller, more frequent meals can help reduce symptoms and promote healing.
4. Managing stress: Stress can exacerbate peptic ulcer symptoms and impair healing.
5. Taking medications as directed: If your healthcare provider has prescribed medication to treat your peptic ulcer, it is important to take it as directed.
6. Follow-up care: Regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider can help monitor your condition and ensure that any complications are addressed promptly.
Epinephrine (medication)
Epinephrine autoinjector
George and Joanne Urioste
Reflex syncope
Otto Loewi
List of University of Michigan alumni
D-DOPA
Adrenaline
Methyldopa
Atypical antipsychotic
Bronchiolitis
Dental anesthesia
Adrenal medulla
Bob Casale
Ranitidine
Perils of Paranoia
Shortness of breath
Endocrine system
Philip Radovic
Lancaster Volunteer Ambulance Corps
Sanofi
PulsePoint
Beta-adrenergic agonist
Injection (medicine)
Flight zone
Chromaffin cell
Peter Breggin
Occupational stress
C1orf27
Distributive shock
EPINEPHRINE INJECTION
DailyMed - EPINEPHRINE injection
DailyMed - EPINEPHRINE injection
Epinephrine hydrochloride 10041-V
Epinephrine Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information
MedlinePlus - Search Results for: EPINEPHRINE
epinephrine | Blogs | CDC
Can a person take epinephrine for asthma?
Epinephrine - PubMed
Epinephrine - PubMed
How The Epinephrine Shot Treats Severe Allergic Reactions
Epinephrine vs. Norepinephrine: Function, Uses & More
Importance of epinephrine in pre-hospital anaphylaxis
epinephrine inj and indapamide Drug Interactions - RxList
epinephrine news, opinion and analysis - Macleans.ca
Croup Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Corticosteroids, Epinephrine
Epinephrine - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) - NCBI Bookshelf
DailyMed - EPINEPHRINESNAP-V- epinephrine convenience kit kit
EPINEPHRINE SOLUTION - INHALATION (Adrenalin, Isuprel) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Epinephrine Injection 1 mg/mL for Animal Use - Drugs.com
Dillon's Law: Gov. Scott Walker signs epinephrine bill at Mishicot High
Sandoz launches PFS alternative to epinephrine auto-injector - MassDevice
Anaphylaxis & Epinephrine | Wilderness Medicine Outfitters
A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dexamethasone and racemic epinephrine in the treatment of croup
How Does an Epinephrine Auto-Injector Work? | Wonderopolis
Epinephrine Auto-Injector, 2-pack | Emergency Medical Products
Student Inventors Create Smartphone Case That Administers Epinephrine
CERILLIANT ( /-)-Epinephrine-D6 Solution, 100 g/mL in Methanol with 5%
| Fisher Scientific
Auto-injectors7
- The company's product is designed as an alternative to epinephrine auto-injectors to treat emergency allergic reactions. (massdevice.com)
- Why do people need epinephrine auto-injectors? (wonderopolis.org)
- Different versions of epinephrine auto-injectors work in slightly different ways, but the basic premise is the same. (wonderopolis.org)
- In recent years, the cost of epinephrine auto-injectors has risen considerably. (wonderopolis.org)
- Businesses and other organizations may obtain a prescription and stock epinephrine auto-injectors if they employ or utilize a volunteer that is an EMSA-certified lay rescuer. (wildmedcenter.com)
- A business that stocks epinephrine auto-injectors is required to keep records, create and maintain an operations plan, and report to EMSA when an epinephrine auto-injector is used. (wildmedcenter.com)
- It is common advice for individuals who are prescribed epinephrine auto-injectors to carry two with them at all times. (snacksafely.com)
Anaphylaxis12
- Epinephrine works quickly to reverse the effects of anaphylaxis. (wonderopolis.org)
- In the case of anaphylaxis, an epinephrine auto-injector should be used as quickly as possible. (wonderopolis.org)
- WMTC is recognized by Washington State Department of Health as an authorized Epinephrine Auto-injector & Anaphylaxis Training Provider. (wildmedcenter.com)
- Epinephrine can help prevent severe reactions ( anaphylaxis ) and death in children with severe food allergies. (empr.com)
- An epinephrine autoinjector is a medical device used to deliver a single dose of epinephrine or adrenaline for the emergency treatment of anaphylaxis. (wa.gov)
- Authorized entities that choose to acquire these devices must have people connected with the entity, such as employees, who have completed an anaphylaxis and epinephrine autoinjector training. (wa.gov)
- They may administer or provide an epinephrine autoinjector to people who are experiencing anaphylaxis. (wa.gov)
- Only a healthcare provider should give additional doses of epinephrine if you need more than 2 injections for a single anaphylaxis episode. (symjepi.com)
- Epinephrine is the only drug that can halt and reverse the progression of anaphylaxis, a severe, life-threatening reaction to a food, insect venom, or substance. (snacksafely.com)
- The study authors concluded that about 10% of anaphylaxis reactions were treated with more than one dose of epinephrine, including when a healthcare professional decided to administer a subsequent dose. (snacksafely.com)
- Overall, at least 3 doses were administered in 2.2% of anaphylaxis reactions or in 3.4% of reactions treated with epinephrine. (snacksafely.com)
- Early recognition of anaphylaxis and prompt self-administration of epinephrine and other medications can be lifesaving. (cdc.gov)
Adrenaline4
- Epinephrine, also called adrenaline, has powerful effects on the body. (healthline.com)
- The medicine in an epinephrine auto-injector is the hormone epinephrine, which is also known as adrenaline . (wonderopolis.org)
- The body naturally creates epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. (simplenursing.com)
- Therefore, epinephrine is just adrenaline in a bottle. (simplenursing.com)
Dose of epinephrine4
- You should always keep 2 automatic injection devices with you or available at all times because one dose of epinephrine may not be enough to treat a serious allergic reaction. (medlineplus.gov)
- Most automatic injection devices contain enough solution for one dose of epinephrine. (medlineplus.gov)
- If your symptoms continue or return after the first injection, your doctor may tell you to use a second dose of epinephrine injection with a new injection device. (medlineplus.gov)
- After you inject a dose of epinephrine injection, some solution will remain in the injection device. (medlineplus.gov)
Norepinephrine13
- What's the Difference Between Epinephrine and Norepinephrine? (healthline.com)
- Epinephrine more affects your heart, while norepinephrine more impacts blood vessels. (healthline.com)
- Epinephrine and norepinephrine are two neurotransmitters that also serve as hormones, and they belong to a class of compounds known as catecholamines. (healthline.com)
- Chemically, epinephrine and norepinephrine are very similar. (healthline.com)
- Both epinephrine and norepinephrine work on alpha and beta receptors. (healthline.com)
- However, epinephrine has a greater effect on beta receptors compared with norepinephrine. (healthline.com)
- It's this distinction that causes epinephrine and norepinephrine to have slightly different functions. (healthline.com)
- Both epinephrine and norepinephrine can affect your heart, blood sugar levels, and blood vessels. (healthline.com)
- Although epinephrine can also be used for this purpose, norepinephrine is preferred due to its pure alpha receptor action. (healthline.com)
- These factors can also cause your body to start producing less epinephrine and norepinephrine. (healthline.com)
- Some medical conditions cause people to have too much epinephrine, norepinephrine, or both. (healthline.com)
- The physiologic "fear" response is associated with the signaling activity of adrenergic receptors stimulated by epinephrine/norepinephrine. (wikipathways.org)
- The role of the sympathetic nervous system, epinephrine, norepinephrine, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system in the control of blood pressure was discussed. (cdc.gov)
Corticosteroids and nebulized epinephrine1
- Such medications include corticosteroids and nebulized epinephrine. (medscape.com)
EpiPen1
- Although many people refer to any epinephrine auto-injector as an EpiPen, these tools don't actually look like pens you write with. (wonderopolis.org)
Stock epinephrine1
- Only four states - Maryland, Nebraska, Nevada, and Virginia - currently require schools to stock epinephrine, according to the Food Allergy Research & Education organization. (empr.com)
Injection16
- An injection of epinephrine can help open up your airway so you can breathe. (healthline.com)
- An epinephrine injection may restart your heart if your heart has stopped pumping ( cardiac arrest ). (healthline.com)
- Epinephrine injection is used along with emergency medical treatment to treat life-threatening allergic reactions caused by insect bites or stings, foods, medications, latex, and other causes. (medlineplus.gov)
- Epinephrine injection is also used to treat life-threatening low blood pressure associated with septic shock (a serious condition caused by a body-wide infection that can lead to dangerously low blood pressure and organ failure) in hospitalized adults. (medlineplus.gov)
- Epinephrine injection comes as a prefilled automatic injection device containing a solution (liquid) and in vials to inject subcutaneously (under the skin) or intramuscularly (into the muscle) to treat life-threatening allergic reactions. (medlineplus.gov)
- If epinephrine injection is used to treat life-threatening low blood pressure associated with septic shock, it is usually injected intravenously (into a vein) by a doctor or nurse in a medical facility. (medlineplus.gov)
- Before you use epinephrine injection for the first time, read the patient information that comes with it. (medlineplus.gov)
- You should inject epinephrine injection as soon as you suspect that you may be experiencing a serious allergic reaction. (medlineplus.gov)
- Keep your automatic injection devices with you or available at all times so that you will be able to inject epinephrine quickly when an allergic reaction begins. (medlineplus.gov)
- Epinephrine injection helps to treat serious allergic reactions but does not take the place of medical treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you are injecting epinephrine to a young child who may move during the injection, hold their leg firmly in place and limit the child's movement before and during the injection. (medlineplus.gov)
- You may need to use a second SYMJEPI (epinephrine) injection if symptoms continue or recur. (symjepi.com)
- The needle cap on the SYMJEPI prefilled syringe helps to prevent needle sticks and accidental injection of epinephrine. (symjepi.com)
- Pediatrics Central , peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/110331/all/Xylocaine_with_Epinephrine_Injection_0_5_0_0005. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Vallerand AHA, Sanoski CAC, Quiring CC. Xylocaine with Epinephrine Injection 0.5/0.0005. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Tell the healthcare professional that you have given yourself an injection of epinephrine. (healthwarehouse.com)
Administer1
- The law provides a financial incentive to states to maintain a supply of epinephrine in their schools and to permit trained school staff to administer it, the Wall Street Journal reported. (empr.com)
Intravenous1
- If you have a severe infection and aren't producing enough catecholamines, you may need to be given epinephrine through an intravenous line (IV). (healthline.com)
Adrenalin1
- a hormone that is produced before epinephrine (adrenalin) and results in a similar reaction in the body. (cdc.gov)
Symjepi1
- NVS ) division Sandoz said today that it launched its Symjepi epinephrine pre-filled syringe in the U.S. (massdevice.com)
Medication1
- Among these three kinds, epinephrine is the most common medication used in any healthcare setting, especially in emergency cases. (simplenursing.com)
Hormone1
- In addition to being a hormone and neurotransmitter, epinephrine is also used as a medical treatment in its synthetic form. (healthline.com)
Antibiotics1
- Epinephrine potentially has negative interactions with analgesics, antidepressants, and antibiotics. (simplenursing.com)
Allergic reaction1
- Talk to your doctor about these symptoms and be sure you understand how to tell when you are having a serious allergic reaction and should inject epinephrine. (medlineplus.gov)
Respiratory1
- When delivered by air or oxygen-powered devices, epinephrine is directly delivered to respiratory mucosal surfaces and smooth muscle. (medscape.com)
Severe3
- An inhaled form of epinephrine can help treat or prevent severe asthma attacks . (healthline.com)
- Alejandro didn't have a prescription for medicine (epinephrine auto-injector) that would treat severe allergic reactions. (cdc.gov)
- or who have needed epinephrine or another emergency medical intervention, also can get any licensed and recommended flu vaccine that is otherwise appropriate for their age and health, but the vaccine should be given in a medical setting and be supervised by a health care provider who is able to recognize and manage severe allergic conditions. (cdc.gov)
Https1
- WMTC students issued a WMTC Epinephrine card after April 29, 2019, may apply for a California epinephrine auto-injector certification card and should visit https://emsa.ca.gov/epinephrine_auto_injector/ for information and an application form. (wildmedcenter.com)
Stings1
- Workers who are allergic to insect stings or bites should visit a health care professional to get a prescription for an epinephrine auto-injector and carry it with them at all times. (cdc.gov)
Constrict1
- When injected, epinephrine causes the body's blood vessels to constrict. (wonderopolis.org)
Cardiac2
- Epinephrine is what's given first during a cardiac arrest to jumpstart the heart that stopped beating. (simplenursing.com)
- It mimics the effect of epinephrine and is also for cardiac failure, shock , COPD, and glaucoma. (simplenursing.com)
Incident3
- An authorized entity is required to report to the Department of Health each incident of use of an obtained epinephrine autoinjector that was provided or administered to a person. (wa.gov)
- To report an incident of use of an epinephrine autoinjector please submit this form . (wa.gov)
- Agricul tural employers should train workers in insect sting incident response and first aid, including how to use an epinephrine auto-injector. (cdc.gov)
Increases1
- Epinephrine also increases heart rate, which helps to improve blood flow. (wonderopolis.org)
Treat1
- What condition does an epinephrine auto-injector treat? (wonderopolis.org)
Body3
- When you're very stressed or afraid, your body releases a flood of epinephrine. (healthline.com)
- Do not inject epinephrine into the buttocks or any other part of your body such as fingers, hands, or feet or into a vein. (medlineplus.gov)
- Epinephrine or sympathomimetic drugs have several effects on the body, to quickly recall what these drugs do to the body, remember the acronym NASCAR . (simplenursing.com)
Local4
- Adding epinephrine to local anesthetics can make them last longer. (healthline.com)
- Potentiation of local anesthetic activity of neosaxitoxin with bupivacaine or epinephrine: development of a long-acting pain blocker. (bvsalud.org)
- In conclusion, bupivacaine and epinephrine potentiate the local anesthetic effect of neosaxitoxin in humans when co-injected subcutaneously. (bvsalud.org)
- Epinephrine and local anesthesia revisited. (bvsalud.org)
Emergency medical2
- Get emergency medical treatment immediately after you inject epinephrine. (medlineplus.gov)
- If epinephrine is accidently injected into these areas, get emergency medical treatment immediately. (medlineplus.gov)
Prescription1
- To receive the epinephrine auto-injector(s), the business must take the EMSA certification card to a physician to receive a prescription. (wildmedcenter.com)
Time1
- Read the Patient Information Leaflet provided by your pharmacist before you have to use epinephrine and each time you get a refill. (healthwarehouse.com)
Work2
- How Does an Epinephrine Auto-Injector Work? (wonderopolis.org)
- Remember to replace epinephrine before it expires, or it may not work properly. (cdc.gov)
Carry1
- Carry an epinephrine auto-injector with you at all times (if prescribed). (cdc.gov)
Effect2
- It's found in a plant called ephedra , which mimics the effect of epinephrine. (simplenursing.com)
- The aim of this study is to evaluate the potentiation of the anesthetic effect of neosaxitoxin, with bupivacaine or epinephrine in a randomized double-blind clinical trial . (bvsalud.org)
Administration1
- In concentrations of 1:1000, L-epinephrine may be used in place of racemic epinephrine for nebulized administration. (medscape.com)