AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Epidural SpaceSpinal PuncturePuncturesPost-Dural Puncture HeadacheNeedlesAnesthesia, EpiduralBlood Patch, EpiduralMeningitisDura MaterInjections, EpiduralCerebrospinal FluidLumbosacral RegionHeadacheLigamentum FlavumMyelographySpinal CanalAnalgesia, EpiduralMeningitis, BacterialIntracranial HypotensionNeurosyphilisSeizures, FebrileInjections, SpinalLumbar VertebraeCerebrospinal Fluid PressureEpidural NeoplasmsFluoroscopyPseudotumor CerebriSubarachnoid HemorrhageCerebrospinal Fluid ProteinsTomography, X-Ray ComputedAnalgesia, ObstetricalMeningitis, FungalRadiculopathyLipomatosisSpinal Nerve RootsCoccyxAnesthesia, ObstetricalSpinal CordThoracic VertebraeReaginsTissue AdhesionsSpinal DiseasesFiber Optic TechnologyMagnetic Resonance ImagingIntracranial PressureLaminectomyAnesthetics, LocalMathematical ConceptsCatheterizationIntervertebral Disc DisplacementMeningitis, AsepticAnesthesia, SpinalHydrocephalusIntracranial HypertensionCerebrospinal Fluid ShuntsEncephaloceleSpinal Cord CompressionEpidural AbscessSpinal NeoplasmsCentral Nervous System InfectionsMeningitis, ViralAnesthesia, CaudalAnatomy, Cross-SectionalLeukocytosisProspective StudiesPapilledemaPneumocephalusSepsisSubarachnoid SpaceCerebral VentriculographyMeningeal CarcinomatosisFentanylBupivacaineCervical VertebraeEthmoid BoneEndoscopyCerebrospinal Fluid RhinorrheaSubdural EffusionLidocaineHeadache DisordersNerve BlockTreatment OutcomeBed RestSpinal Cord DiseasesRetrospective StudiesSpinal StenosisCecumLow Back PainCentral Nervous System Protozoal InfectionsMeningitis, MeningococcalSteroidsEmergency MedicineErythrocyte CountMeningitis, PneumococcalMeningitis, CryptococcalHematoma, SubduralPregnancy Trimester, ThirdLyme NeuroborreliosisMeningesAtrial Septum
Epidural Space: Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal.Spinal Puncture: Tapping fluid from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae.Punctures: Incision of tissues for injection of medication or for other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Punctures of the skin, for example may be used for diagnostic drainage; of blood vessels for diagnostic imaging procedures.Post-Dural Puncture Headache: A secondary headache disorder attributed to low CEREBROSPINAL FLUID pressure caused by SPINAL PUNCTURE, usually after dural or lumbar puncture.Needles: Sharp instruments used for puncturing or suturing.Anesthesia, Epidural: Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.Blood Patch, Epidural: The injection of autologous blood into the epidural space either as a prophylactic treatment immediately following an epidural puncture or for treatment of headache as a result of an epidural puncture.Meningitis: Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)Dura Mater: The outermost of the three MENINGES, a fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord.Injections, Epidural: The injection of drugs, most often analgesics, into the spinal canal without puncturing the dura mater.Cerebrospinal Fluid: A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.Lumbosacral Region: Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.Headache: The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.Ligamentum Flavum: The paired bands of yellow elastic tissue that connect adjoining laminae of the vertebrae. With the laminae, it forms the posterior wall of the spinal canal and helps hold the body erect.Myelography: X-ray visualization of the spinal cord following injection of contrast medium into the spinal arachnoid space.Spinal Canal: The cavity within the SPINAL COLUMN through which the SPINAL CORD passes.Analgesia, Epidural: The relief of pain without loss of consciousness through the introduction of an analgesic agent into the epidural space of the vertebral canal. It is differentiated from ANESTHESIA, EPIDURAL which refers to the state of insensitivity to sensation.Meningitis, Bacterial: Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.Intracranial Hypotension: Reduction of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID pressure characterized clinically by HEADACHE which is maximal in an upright posture and occasionally by an abducens nerve palsy (see ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES), neck stiffness, hearing loss (see DEAFNESS); NAUSEA; and other symptoms. This condition may be spontaneous or secondary to SPINAL PUNCTURE; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; DEHYDRATION; UREMIA; trauma (see also CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA); and other processes. Chronic hypotension may be associated with subdural hematomas (see HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL) or hygromas. (From Semin Neurol 1996 Mar;16(1):5-10; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp637-8)Neurosyphilis: Infections of the central nervous system caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM which present with a variety of clinical syndromes. The initial phase of infection usually causes a mild or asymptomatic meningeal reaction. The meningovascular form may present acutely as BRAIN INFARCTION. The infection may also remain subclinical for several years. Late syndromes include general paresis; TABES DORSALIS; meningeal syphilis; syphilitic OPTIC ATROPHY; and spinal syphilis. General paresis is characterized by progressive DEMENTIA; DYSARTHRIA; TREMOR; MYOCLONUS; SEIZURES; and Argyll-Robertson pupils. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp722-8)Seizures, Febrile: Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)Injections, Spinal: Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.Lumbar Vertebrae: VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure: Manometric pressure of the CEREBROSPINAL FLUID as measured by lumbar, cerebroventricular, or cisternal puncture. Within the cranial cavity it is called INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE.Epidural Neoplasms: Neoplasms located in the space between the vertebral PERIOSTEUM and DURA MATER surrounding the SPINAL CORD. Tumors in this location are most often metastatic in origin and may cause neurologic deficits by mass effect on the spinal cord or nerve roots or by interfering with blood supply to the spinal cord.Fluoroscopy: Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.Pseudotumor Cerebri: A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins: Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin present in the ratio of 8 to 1. Increases in protein levels are of diagnostic value in neurological diseases. (Brain and Bannister's Clinical Neurology, 7th ed, p221)Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Analgesia, Obstetrical: The elimination of PAIN, without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, during OBSTETRIC LABOR; OBSTETRIC DELIVERY; or the POSTPARTUM PERIOD, usually through the administration of ANALGESICS.Meningitis, Fungal: Meningitis caused by fungal agents which may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts.Radiculopathy: Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.Lipomatosis: A disorder characterized by the accumulation of encapsulated or unencapsulated tumor-like fatty tissue resembling LIPOMA.Spinal Nerve Roots: Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.Coccyx: The last bone in the VERTEBRAL COLUMN in tailless primates considered to be a vestigial tail-bone consisting of three to five fused VERTEBRAE.Anesthesia, Obstetrical: A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.Spinal Cord: A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.Thoracic Vertebrae: A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region.Reagins: Antibodies, especially IGE, that bind to tissue of the same species so that ANTIGENS induce release of HISTAMINE and other vasoactive agents. HYPERSENSITIVITY is the clinical manifestation.Tissue Adhesions: Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound.Spinal DiseasesFiber Optic Technology: The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Intracranial Pressure: Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.Laminectomy: A surgical procedure that entails removing all (laminectomy) or part (laminotomy) of selected vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the SPINAL CORD and/or SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Vertebral lamina is the thin flattened posterior wall of vertebral arch that forms the vertebral foramen through which pass the spinal cord and nerve roots.Anesthetics, Local: Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.Mathematical Concepts: Numeric or quantitative entities, descriptions, properties, relationships, operations, and events.Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.Intervertebral Disc Displacement: An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the nucleus pulposus has protruded through surrounding fibrocartilage. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.Meningitis, Aseptic: A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745)Anesthesia, Spinal: Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.Hydrocephalus: Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; HEADACHE; lethargy; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and ATAXIA.Intracranial Hypertension: Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts: Tubes inserted to create communication between a cerebral ventricle and the internal jugular vein. Their emplacement permits draining of cerebrospinal fluid for relief of hydrocephalus or other condition leading to fluid accumulation in the ventricles.Encephalocele: Brain tissue herniation through a congenital or acquired defect in the skull. The majority of congenital encephaloceles occur in the occipital or frontal regions. Clinical features include a protuberant mass that may be pulsatile. The quantity and location of protruding neural tissue determines the type and degree of neurologic deficit. Visual defects, psychomotor developmental delay, and persistent motor deficits frequently occur.Spinal Cord Compression: Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.Epidural Abscess: Circumscribed collections of suppurative material occurring in the spinal or intracranial EPIDURAL SPACE. The majority of epidural abscesses occur in the spinal canal and are associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a vertebral body; ANALGESIA, EPIDURAL; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include local and radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, URINARY INCONTINENCE, and FECAL INCONTINENCE. Cranial epidural abscesses are usually associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a cranial bone, SINUSITIS, or OTITIS MEDIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p710 and pp1240-1; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Aug;65(2):209-12)Spinal NeoplasmsCentral Nervous System Infections: Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; SPIROCHAETALES INFECTIONS; fungal infections; PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS; HELMINTHIASIS; and PRION DISEASES may involve the central nervous system as a primary or secondary process.Meningitis, Viral: Viral infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space. TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RUBELLA; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORBIVIRUS infections; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; JC VIRUS infections; and RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS may cause this form of meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, neck pain, vomiting, PHOTOPHOBIA, and signs of meningeal irritation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)Anesthesia, Caudal: Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal.Anatomy, Cross-Sectional: Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, organs, and structures using a series of computer multiplane sections, displayed by transverse, coronal, and sagittal analyses. It is essential to accurate interpretation by the radiologist of such techniques as ultrasonic diagnosis, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, and computed tomography (TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED). (From Lane & Sharfaei, Modern Sectional Anatomy, 1992, Preface)Leukocytosis: A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Papilledema: Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)Pneumocephalus: Presence of air or gas within the intracranial cavity (e.g., epidural space, subdural space, intracerebral, etc.) which may result from traumatic injuries, fistulous tract formation, erosions of the skull from NEOPLASMS or infection, NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES, and other conditions.Sepsis: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.Subarachnoid Space: The space between the arachnoid membrane and PIA MATER, filled with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. It contains large blood vessels that supply the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.Cerebral Ventriculography: Radiography of the ventricular system of the brain after injection of air or other contrast medium directly into the cerebral ventricles. It is used also for x-ray computed tomography of the cerebral ventricles.Meningeal Carcinomatosis: Primary or secondary neoplasm in the ARACHNOID or SUBARACHNOID SPACE. It appears as a diffuse fibrotic thickening of the MENINGES associated with variable degrees of inflammation.Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.Cervical Vertebrae: The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK.Ethmoid Bone: A light and spongy (pneumatized) bone that lies between the orbital part of FRONTAL BONE and the anterior of SPHENOID BONE. Ethmoid bone separates the ORBIT from the ETHMOID SINUS. It consists of a horizontal plate, a perpendicular plate, and two lateral labyrinths.Endoscopy: Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)Subdural Effusion: Leakage and accumulation of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID in the subdural space which may be associated with an infectious process; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION; and other conditions.Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.Headache Disorders: Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)Nerve Block: Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Bed Rest: Confinement of an individual to bed for therapeutic or experimental reasons.Spinal Cord Diseases: Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal.Cecum: The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX.Low Back Pain: Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections: Infections of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges by single celled organisms of the former subkingdom known as protozoa. The central nervous system may be the primary or secondary site of protozoal infection. These diseases may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts.Meningitis, Meningococcal: A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)Steroids: A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)Emergency Medicine: The branch of medicine concerned with the evaluation and initial treatment of urgent and emergent medical problems, such as those caused by accidents, trauma, sudden illness, poisoning, or disasters. Emergency medical care can be provided at the hospital or at sites outside the medical facility.Erythrocyte Count: The number of RED BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.Meningitis, Pneumococcal: An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)Meningitis, Cryptococcal: Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)Hematoma, Subdural: Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.Pregnancy Trimester, Third: The last third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 29th through the 42nd completed week (197 to 294 days) of gestation.Lyme Neuroborreliosis: Nervous system infections caused by tick-borne spirochetes of the BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GROUP. The disease may affect elements of the central or peripheral nervous system in isolation or in combination. Common clinical manifestations include a lymphocytic meningitis, cranial neuropathy (most often a facial neuropathy), POLYRADICULOPATHY, and a mild loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Less often more extensive inflammation involving the central nervous system (encephalomyelitis) may occur. In the peripheral nervous system, B. burgdorferi infection is associated with mononeuritis multiplex and polyradiculoneuritis. (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):182-91)Meninges: The three membranes that cover the BRAIN and the SPINAL CORD. They are the dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater.Atrial Septum: The thin membrane-like muscular structure separating the right and the left upper chambers (HEART ATRIA) of a heart.
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Epidural SpaceSpinal PuncturePuncturesPost-Dural Puncture HeadacheNeedlesAnesthesia, EpiduralBlood Patch, EpiduralMeningitisDura MaterInjections, EpiduralCerebrospinal FluidLumbosacral RegionHeadacheLigamentum FlavumMyelographySpinal CanalAnalgesia, EpiduralMeningitis, BacterialIntracranial HypotensionNeurosyphilisSeizures, FebrileInjections, SpinalLumbar VertebraeCerebrospinal Fluid PressureEpidural NeoplasmsFluoroscopyPseudotumor CerebriSubarachnoid HemorrhageCerebrospinal Fluid ProteinsTomography, X-Ray ComputedAnalgesia, ObstetricalMeningitis, FungalRadiculopathyLipomatosisSpinal Nerve RootsCoccyxAnesthesia, ObstetricalSpinal CordThoracic VertebraeReaginsTissue AdhesionsSpinal DiseasesFiber Optic TechnologyMagnetic Resonance ImagingIntracranial PressureLaminectomyAnesthetics, LocalMathematical ConceptsCatheterizationIntervertebral Disc DisplacementMeningitis, AsepticAnesthesia, SpinalHydrocephalusIntracranial HypertensionCerebrospinal Fluid ShuntsEncephaloceleSpinal Cord CompressionEpidural AbscessSpinal NeoplasmsCentral Nervous System InfectionsMeningitis, ViralAnesthesia, CaudalAnatomy, Cross-SectionalLeukocytosisProspective StudiesPapilledemaPneumocephalusSepsisSubarachnoid SpaceCerebral VentriculographyMeningeal CarcinomatosisFentanylBupivacaineCervical VertebraeEthmoid BoneEndoscopyCerebrospinal Fluid RhinorrheaSubdural EffusionLidocaineHeadache DisordersNerve BlockTreatment OutcomeBed RestSpinal Cord DiseasesRetrospective StudiesSpinal StenosisCecumLow Back PainCentral Nervous System Protozoal InfectionsMeningitis, MeningococcalSteroidsEmergency MedicineErythrocyte CountMeningitis, PneumococcalMeningitis, CryptococcalHematoma, SubduralPregnancy Trimester, ThirdLyme NeuroborreliosisMeningesAtrial Septum
Cerebrospinal fluidCerebrospinal fluid
Lumbar puncture is carried out under sterile conditions by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space, usually between the ... Treatment of an identified leak may include injection of a person's blood into the epidural space (an epidural blood patch), ... A lumbar puncture that drains CSF may also be used as part of treatment for some conditions, including idiopathic intracranial ... CSF can leak from the dura as a result of different causes such as physical trauma or a lumbar puncture, or from no known cause ...
Thecal sacThecal sac
The dura is pierced during a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), and epidural anesthesia is injected into the just outside the thecal ... The lumbar cistern within the thecal sac is the subarachnoid space below the end of the spinal cord and above the tapering of ... Lumbar Puncture". In Richard W. Dehn and David P. Asprey. Essential Clinical Procedures: Expert Consult - Online and Print. ... Along most of the spinal canal it is separated from the inner surface by the epidural space. The sac has projections that ...
Spinal cordSpinal cord
The subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which can be sampled with a lumbar puncture, or "spinal tap" ... Between the dura mater and the surrounding bone of the vertebrae is a space called the epidural space. The epidural space is ... Lumbar punctures in adults are usually performed between L3-L5 (cauda equina level) in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord ... The space between the arachnoid and the underlying pia mater is called the subarachnoid space. ...
Spinal anaesthesiaSpinal anaesthesia
Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia Epidural Intrathecal administration Lumbar puncture Bronwen Jean Bryant; Kathleen Mary ... secondary to an increased risk of a spinal epidural hematoma) Space occupying lesions of the brain Anatomical disorders of the ... Transparent reality simulation of spinal anaesthesia Various diagrams of needles for Lumbar puncture, Epidural, Spinal ... An epidural may be given at a cervical, thoracic, or lumbar site, while a spinal must be injected below L2 to avoid piercing ...
Epidural blood patchEpidural blood patch
The procedure can be used to relieve post dural puncture headaches caused by lumbar puncture (spinal tap). A small amount of ... An epidural needle is inserted into the epidural space at the site of the cerebrospinal fluid leak and blood is injected. The ... the patient's blood is injected into the epidural space near the site of the original puncture; the resulting blood clot then " ... The procedure carries the typical risks of any epidural puncture. However, even though it is often effective, further ...
Cerebrospinal fluidCerebrospinal fluid
Lumbar puncture is carried out under sterile conditions by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space, usually between the ... Treatment of an identified leak may include injection of a person's blood into the epidural space (an epidural blood patch), ... CSF pressure, as measured by lumbar puncture, is 10-18 cmH2O (8-15 mmHg or 1.1-2 kPa) with the patient lying on the side and 20 ... Main article: Lumbar puncture. CSF can be tested for the diagnosis of a variety of neurological diseases, usually obtained by a ...
Post-dural-puncture headachePost-dural-puncture headache
A small amount of the person's blood is injected into the epidural space near the site of the original puncture; the resulting ... It is a common side-effect of spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture and may occasionally accidentally occur in epidural ... The procedure carries the typical risks of any epidural puncture. However, it is effective, and further intervention is rarely ... This approach can also prevent PDPH headaches caused by over-penetration during epidural anesthesia (where dural puncture was ...
NeuromereNeuromere
The subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The medical procedure known as a lumbar puncture (or "spinal tap") ... Between the dura mater and the surrounding bone of the vertebrae is a space called the epidural space. The epidural space is ... The space between the arachnoid and the underlying pia mater is called the subarachnoid space. ... involves use of a needle to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space, usually from the lumbar region of the ...
Epidural administrationEpidural administration
Accidental dural puncture with headache (common, about 1 in 100 insertions[41][42][43]). The epidural space in the adult lumbar ... Epidural administration. A freshly inserted lumbar epidural catheter. The site has been prepared with tincture of iodine, and ... Caudal epidural analgesia[edit]. The caudal approach to the epidural space involves the use of a Tuohy needle, an intravenous ... This may cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to leak out into the epidural space, which may in turn cause a post dural puncture ...
Epidural administrationEpidural administration
Accidental dural puncture with headache (common, about 1 in 100 insertions). The epidural space in the adult lumbar spine is ... This may cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to leak out into the epidural space, which may in turn cause a post dural puncture ... Epidural techniques frequently involve injection of drugs through a catheter placed into the epidural space. The injection can ... The catheter is a fine plastic tube, through which anaesthetics may be injected into the epidural space. Many epidural ...
Intracranial hemorrhageIntracranial hemorrhage
The diagnosis is generally confirmed with a CT scan of the head, or occasionally by lumbar puncture. Treatment is by prompt ... Epidural hematoma (EDH) is a rapidly accumulating hematoma between the dura mater and the cranium. These patients have a ... Subdural hemorrhage results from tearing of the bridging veins in the subdural space between the dura and arachnoid mater. Head ... A subarachnoid hemorrhage is bleeding into the subarachnoid space-the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater ...
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leakSpontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak
This has been effective in identifying the sites of a CSF leak without the need for a CT scan, lumbar puncture, and contrast ... According to this theory, dural holes and intracranial hypotension are symptoms caused by low pressure in the epidural space ... The opening fluid pressure in the spinal canal is obtained by performing a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap. Once ... Lumbar disc herniation has been reported to cause CSF leak in at least one case. Degenerative spinal disc diseases cause a disc ...
NeurooncologyNeurooncology
Lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis[edit]. Lumbar puncture (LP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis are ... The spine most often is affected by metastatic disease involving the epidural space. This usually occurs as direct tumor spread ... The management of spinal cord metastasis depends on whether or not the metastasis is causing epidural spinal cord compression ... Pain is the first symptom in ,90% of patients presenting with epidural metastasis and occurs less frequently with intradural ...
Cauda equinaCauda equina
Cerebrospinal fluid also exists within this space. Because the spinal cord terminates at level L1/L2, lumbar puncture (or ... epidural), narrowing of the spinal canal, postoperative lumbar spine surgery complications or spinal anesthesia. The cauda ... The cauda equina occupies the lumbar cistern, a subarachnoid space inferior to the conus medullaris. The nerves that compose ... In humans, the spinal cord stops growing in infancy and the end of the spinal cord is about the level of the third lumbar ...
Local anesthetic nerve blockLocal anesthetic nerve block
The lumbar plexus block is an advanced technique indicated for hip, anterior thigh, and knee surgery. The lumbar plexus is ... Complications include pneumothorax, vascular puncture, hypotension, and pleural puncture. "About Regional Anesthesia / Nerve ... The paravertebral space is located a couple centimeters lateral to the spinous process and is bounded posteriorly by the ... Since it is a unilateral block, it may be chosen over epidurals for patients who can't tolerate the hypotension that follows ...
Brain abscessBrain abscess
Lumbar puncture procedure, which is performed in many infectious disorders of the central nervous system is contraindicated in ... These symptoms are caused by a combination of increased intracranial pressure due to a space-occupying lesion (headache, ... epidural abscess) or remote (lung, heart, kidney etc.) infectious sources, within the brain tissue. The infection may also be ... the immature lesion does not have a capsule and it may be difficult to distinguish it from other space-occupying lesions or ...
Local anestheticLocal anesthetic
Epidural anesthesia is an LA injected into the epidural space, where it acts primarily on the spinal nerve roots; depending on ... Diagnostic tests such as bone marrow aspiration, lumbar puncture (spinal tap) and aspiration of cysts or other structures are ... Epidural anesthesia by a caudal approach had been known in the early 20th century, but a well-defined technique using lumbar ... Heart and lung surgery (epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia). *Abdominal surgery (epidural anesthesia/spinal ...
Intracranial pressureIntracranial pressure
If persistent intracranial hypotension is the result of a lumbar puncture, a "blood patch" may be applied to seal the site of ... For example, an increase in lesion volume (e.g. epidural hematoma) will be compensated by the downward displacement of CSF and ... Severely raised ICP, if caused by a unilateral space-occupying lesion (e.g. a hematoma) can result in midline shift, a ... More commonly, decreased ICP is the result of lumbar puncture or other medical procedures involving the brain or spinal cord. ...
Cancer painCancer pain
Some diagnostic procedures, such as lumbar puncture (see post-dural-puncture headache), venipuncture, paracentesis, and ... A long-term epidural catheter may be inserted into this space for three to six months, to deliver anesthetics or analgesics. ... Between this and the surrounding vertebrae is the epidural space filled with connective tissue, fat and blood vessels and ... recommended with long-term use to reduce the chance of any infection at the exit site reaching the epidural space. Electrical ...
History of neuraxial anesthesiaHistory of neuraxial anesthesia
Through this needle, he introduced a 3.5 French ureteral catheter made of elastic silk into the lumbar epidural space. He then ... "James Leonard Corning and the early history of spinal puncture". Neurology. 37 (4): 672-4. doi:10.1212/WNL.37.4.672. PMID ... it is apparent that his injections were made into the epidural space, and not the subarachnoid space. Finally, Corning was ... The first described placement of a lumbar epidural catheter was performed by Pío Manuel María Martínez Curbelo (5 June 1906-1 ...
Pain management during childbirthPain management during childbirth
Epidural Lumbar puncture Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia Intrathecal administration "Pregnancy Labor and Birth". ... An epidural is a procedure that involves placing a tube (catheter) into the lower back, into a small space below the spinal ... But women in labor often shiver with or without an epidural. If the covering of the spinal chord is punctured by the catheter, ... An epidural can cause a backache that can occur for a few days after labor. An epidural can prolong the first and second stages ...
James Leonard CorningJames Leonard Corning
... it is apparent that his injections were made into the epidural space, and not the subarachnoid space. Finally, Corning was ... The following year, Corning injected cocaine between the spinous processes of the lower lumbar vertebrae, first in a dog and ... "James Leonard Corning and the early history of spinal puncture (abstract)". Neurology. 37 (4): 672-4. doi:10.1212/WNL.37.4.672 ... The controversy centers around whether Corning's injection was a spinal or an epidural block. The dose of cocaine used by ...
External ventricular drainExternal ventricular drain
If drilling or dural puncture is not successful, the surgeon may dissect away dura and create a secondary bleed known as an ... In draining the ventricle, the EVD can also remove blood products from the ventricular spaces. This is important because blood ... External Ventricular Drainage or Lumbar Drainage". AANN Clinical Practice Guideline Series. American Association of ... epidural or subdural hemorrhage. Bleeding from EVD placement can be life-threatening and can require neurosurgical intervention ...
Idiopathic intracranial hypertensionIdiopathic intracranial hypertension
Lumbar puncture[edit]. A lumbar puncture in progress. A large area on the back has been washed with an iodine-based ... The initial procedure is usually a lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt, which connects the subarachnoid space in the lumbar spine with ... These criteria also require that the lumbar puncture is performed with patient lying sideways, as a lumbar puncture performed ... Lumbar puncture is performed to measure the opening pressure, as well as to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to exclude ...
Epileptic seizureEpileptic seizure
A lumbar puncture may be useful to diagnose a central nervous system infection but is not routinely needed.[6] Routine ... space-occupying lesions in the brain (abscesses, tumours). In people with brain tumours, the frequency of epilepsy depends on ... Depending on the presumed cause blood tests and lumbar puncture may be useful.[6] Hypoglycemia may cause seizures and should be ... "Stress and Seizures: Space, Time and Hippocampal Circuits". Trends in Neurosciences. 40 (11): 667-679. doi:10.1016/j.tins. ...
Dogliottis principleDogliotti's principle
... is a principle in epidural anaesthesia first described by Professor Achille Mario Dogliotti in 1933. It is a method for the identification of the epidural space, a potential space. As a needle is advanced through the ligamentum flavum, to the epidural space, with constant pressure applied to the piston of a syringe, loss of resistance occurs once the needle enters the epidural space due to the change in pressure. The identification of this space, allows subsequent administration of epidural anaesthesia, a technique used primarily for analgesia during childbirth. This technique remains in use at present[update], and is commonly referred to the loss of resistance to saline technique (LORS) or its variation, the loss of resistance to air technique (LORA). ...
Spinal epidural hematomaSpinal epidural hematoma
... is bleeding into the epidural space in the spine. These may arise spontaneously (e.g. during childbirth), or as a rare complication of epiduralanaesthesia or of surgery (such as laminectomy).[citation needed] Symptoms usually include back pain which radiates to the arms or the legs. They may cause pressure on the spinal cord or cauda equina, which may present as pain, muscle weakness, or dysfunction of the bladder and bowel. The best way to confirm the diagnosis is MRI. Risk factors include anatomical abnormalities and bleeding disorders. Treatment is generally with emergency surgery. The risk following epidural anaesthesia is difficult to quantify; estimates vary from 1 per 10,000 to 1 per 100,000 epidural anaesthetics.[citation needed] The anatomy of the epidural space is such that spinal ...
Spinal cord stimulatorSpinal cord stimulator
A Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS) or Dorsal Column Stimulator (DCS) is a type of implantable neuromodulation device (sometimes called a "pain pacemaker") that is used to send electrical signals to select areas of the spinal cord (dorsal columns) for the treatment of certain pain conditions. SCS is a consideration for people who have a pain condition that has not responded to more conservative therapy. In the United States Failed Back Surgery Syndrome is the most common use while in Europe the most common use is peripheral ischemia. As of 2014 the FDA had approved SCS as a treatment for failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), chronic pain, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Intractable angina, as well as visceral abdominal and perineal pain and pain in the extremities from nerve damage. The most common use of SCS is failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) in the United States and peripheral ischemic pain in Europe. Once a person has had a psychological evaluation and deemed an appropriate candidate for SCS, a ...
Pelvic lipomatosisPelvic lipomatosis
... is a rare disease that is most often seen in older obese black men with hypertension. In pelvic lipomatosis, abnormally dense deposits of otherwise apparently normal fat may be observed in the spaces of the pelvic area. Associated with cystitis glandularis, a precursor to adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. Fogg LB, Smyth JW. Pelvic lipomatosis: a condition simulating pelvic neoplasm. Radiology. 1968;90:558. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/417016_print An example of aggressive pelvic lipomatosis Lipoma ...
Epidural administrationEpidural administration
Procedures involving injection of any substance into the epidural space require the operator to be technically proficient in order to avoid complications.. The subject may be in the seated, lateral or prone positions.[2] The level of the spine at which the catheter is best placed depends mainly on the site and type of an intended operation or the anatomical origin of pain. The iliac crest is a commonly used anatomical landmark for lumbar epidural injections, as this level roughly corresponds with the fourth lumbar vertebra, which is usually well below the termination of the spinal cord. The Tuohy needle is usually inserted in the midline, between the spinous processes. When using a paramedian approach, the tip of the needle passes along a shelf of vertebral bone called the lamina until just before reaching the ligamentum flavum and the epidural ...
Epidural administrationEpidural administration
... (from Ancient Greek ἐπί, "on, upon" + dura mater) is a medical route of administration in which a drug or contrast agent is injected into the epidural space of the spinal cord. Techniques such as epidural analgesia and epidural anaesthesia employ this route of administration. The epidural route is frequently employed by certain physicians and nurse anaesthetists to administer diagnostic (e.g. radiocontrast agents) and therapeutic (e.g., glucocorticoids) chemical substances, as well as certain analgesic and local anaesthetic agents. Epidural techniques frequently involve injection of drugs through a catheter placed into the epidural space. The injection can result in a loss of sensation-including the sensation of pain-by blocking the transmission of signals through nerve ...
Vertebral veinVertebral vein
The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition ...
Lymphocytic pleocytosisLymphocytic pleocytosis
... is an abnormal increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is usually considered to be a sign of infection or inflammation within the nervous system, and is encountered in a number of neurological diseases, such as pseudomigraine, Susac's syndrome, and encephalitis. While lymphocytes make up roughly a quarter of all white blood cells (WBC) in the body, they are generally rare in the CSF. Under normal conditions, there are usually less than 5 white blood cells per µL of CSF. In a pleocytic setting, the number of lymphocytes can jump to more than 1,000 cells per µL. Increases in lymphocyte count are often accompanied by an increase in cerebrospinal protein concentrations in addition to pleocytosis of other types of white blood cells. Determination of lymphocytic pleocytosis became possible with the advent of the diagnostic lumbar puncture and the technology necessary to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid via microbiological, biochemical, and ...
PapilledemaPapilledema
Historically, papilledema was a potential contraindication to lumbar puncture, as it indicates a risk for tentorial herniation and subsequent death via cerebral herniation, however newer imaging techniques have been more useful at determining when and when not to conduct a lumbar puncture.[6] Imaging by CT or MRI is usually performed to elicit whether there is a structural cause i.e., tumor. An MRA and MRV may also be ordered to rule out the possibility of stenosis or thrombosis of the arterial or venous systems. The treatment depends largely on the underlying cause. However, the root cause of papilledema is the increased intracranial pressure (ICP). This is a dangerous sign, indicative of a brain tumor, CNS inflammation or idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) that may become manifest in the near future. Thus, a biopsy is routinely performed prior to the treatment in the initial stages of papilledema to detect whether a brain tumor is ...
Radionuclide cisternogramRadionuclide cisternogram
A radionuclide cisternogram is a medical imaging study which involves injecting a radionuclide by lumbar puncture (spinal tap) into a patient's cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) to determine if there is abnormal CSF flow within the brain and spinal canal which can be altered by hydrocephalus, Arnold-Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, or an arachnoid cyst. It may also evaluate a suspected leak (also known as a CSF fistula) from the CSF cavity into the nasal cavity. A leak can also be confirmed by the presence of beta-2 transferrin in fluid collected from the nose before this more invasive procedure is performed. The patient may be instructed to not eat or drink, or take medications such as aspirin or other blood thinners before the procedure. Pledgets can be inserted into the nasal cavity before the procedure when a CSF leak is suspected. The patient's spinal fluid is injected with a radiopharmaceutical tracer, such as DTPA tagged with indium 111, through a lumbar ...
Post-dural-puncture headachePost-dural-puncture headache
... (PDPH) is a complication of puncture of the dura mater (one of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord).[1] The headache is severe and described as "searing and spreading like hot metal," involving the back and front of the head, and spreading to the neck and shoulders, sometimes involving neck stiffness. It is exacerbated by movement, and sitting or standing, and relieved to some degree by lying down. Nausea, vomiting, pain in arms and legs, hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, dizziness and paraesthesia of the scalp are common.[1] It is a common side-effect of spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture. Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid puncture causes reduced fluid levels in the brain and spinal cord. Onset occurs within two days in 66 percent and within three days in ninety percent of PDPH cases. It occurs so rarely immediately after puncture that other possible causes should be investigated when it does.[1] Using ...
Intraventricular hemorrhageIntraventricular hemorrhage
Grades I and II are most common, and often there are no further complications. Grades III and IV are the most serious and may result in long-term brain injury to the infant. After a grade III or IV IVH, blood clots may form which can block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, leading to increased fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus). There have been various therapies employed into preventing the high rates of morbidity and mortality, including diuretic therapy,[14] repeated lumbar puncture,[15] streptokinase therapy [16] and most recently combination a novel intervention called DRIFT (drainage, irrigation and fibrinolytic therapy). In 2002, a Dutch retrospective study[17] analysed cases where neonatologists had intervened and drained CSF by lumbar or ventricular punctures if ventricular width (as shown on ultrasound) exceeded the 97th centile as opposed to the 97th centile plus 4 mm.[18] Professors Whitelaw's original Cochrane review[14] published ...
腦膜炎 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書腦膜炎 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書
腰椎穿刺需要使患者側臥，採用局部麻醉，將針頭扎入硬膜囊（脊椎附近的囊腔）以收集腦脊液（CSF）。一旦獲得腦脊液，則其「開啟壓力」可使用壓力計來衡量。該壓力通常在6和18 ...
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Epidural SpaceSpinal PuncturePuncturesPost-Dural Puncture HeadacheNeedlesAnesthesia, EpiduralBlood Patch, EpiduralMeningitisDura MaterInjections, EpiduralCerebrospinal FluidLumbosacral RegionHeadacheLigamentum FlavumMyelographySpinal CanalAnalgesia, EpiduralMeningitis, BacterialIntracranial HypotensionNeurosyphilisSeizures, FebrileInjections, SpinalLumbar VertebraeCerebrospinal Fluid PressureEpidural NeoplasmsFluoroscopyPseudotumor CerebriSubarachnoid HemorrhageCerebrospinal Fluid ProteinsTomography, X-Ray ComputedAnalgesia, ObstetricalMeningitis, FungalRadiculopathyLipomatosisSpinal Nerve RootsCoccyxAnesthesia, ObstetricalSpinal CordThoracic VertebraeReaginsTissue AdhesionsSpinal DiseasesFiber Optic TechnologyMagnetic Resonance ImagingIntracranial PressureLaminectomyAnesthetics, LocalMathematical ConceptsCatheterizationIntervertebral Disc DisplacementMeningitis, AsepticAnesthesia, SpinalHydrocephalusIntracranial HypertensionCerebrospinal Fluid ShuntsEncephaloceleSpinal Cord CompressionEpidural AbscessSpinal NeoplasmsCentral Nervous System InfectionsMeningitis, ViralAnesthesia, CaudalAnatomy, Cross-SectionalLeukocytosisProspective StudiesPapilledemaPneumocephalusSepsisSubarachnoid SpaceCerebral VentriculographyMeningeal CarcinomatosisFentanylBupivacaineCervical VertebraeEthmoid BoneEndoscopyCerebrospinal Fluid RhinorrheaSubdural EffusionLidocaineHeadache DisordersNerve BlockTreatment OutcomeBed RestSpinal Cord DiseasesRetrospective StudiesSpinal StenosisCecumLow Back PainCentral Nervous System Protozoal InfectionsMeningitis, MeningococcalSteroidsEmergency MedicineErythrocyte CountMeningitis, PneumococcalMeningitis, CryptococcalHematoma, SubduralPregnancy Trimester, ThirdLyme NeuroborreliosisMeningesAtrial Septum
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: improving recognition and treatment strategies in the local setting | HKMJSpontaneous intracranial hypotension: improving recognition and treatment strategies in the local setting | HKMJ
As the patient is put in Trendelenburg position, the blood patch distributes along the epidural space and clots at the site of ... 2 Intracranial hypotension can also be precipitated by direct trauma or iatrogenic causes such as a lumbar puncture. The ... 6 The treatment involves placing 10 to 20 mL of autologous blood in the epidural space at the thoracolumbar level. ... Figure 1. (a) Computed tomography of the brain (axial view) showing a normal brain with adequate space over the midbrain and ...
hkmj.org
Ultrasound imaging for lumbar punctures and epidural catheterisations: systematic review and meta-analysis | The BMJUltrasound imaging for lumbar punctures and epidural catheterisations: systematic review and meta-analysis | The BMJ
Lumbar punctures and epidural catheterisations are common procedures used to access the subarachnoid and epidural spaces. ... Randomly assigned patients undergoing lumbar punctures or epidural catheterisations in the lumbar region ... Comparison of ultrasound-assisted lumbar puncture with lumbar puncture using palpation of landmarks in aged patients in an ... Ultrasound imaging for lumbar punctures and epidural catheterisations: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2013; 346 doi: ...
bmj.com
Lumbar Spine Ultrasound of Patients With Previous Accidental Dural Puncture During Labour EpiduralLumbar Spine Ultrasound of Patients With Previous Accidental Dural Puncture During Labour Epidural
... clinicaltrials.gov Accidental dural puncture is a potential complication of epidural analgesia for labour and delivery. When it ... Effective epidural analgesia depends on accurate identification of the epidural space for delivery of analgesic mixtures. The ... Lumbar Spine Ultrasound of Patients With Previous Accidental Dural Puncture During Labour Epidural. 2014-08-27 03:38:55 , ... More From BioPortfolio on "Lumbar Spine Ultrasound of Patients With Previous Accidental Dural Puncture During Labour Epidural" ...
bioportfolio.com
PPT - Ultrasound Guided Lumbar Puncture PowerPoint Presentation - ID:238198PPT - Ultrasound Guided Lumbar Puncture PowerPoint Presentation - ID:238198
Ultrasound Guided Lumbar Puncture. Preparation. Consent Lateral decubitus position Arch lower back with knees drawn to chest ... 5 structures (spinous processes, ligamentum flavum, dura, epidural space, subarachnoid space). *76 patients, all landmarks ... Postdural Puncture Headache and Epidural Blood Patch -. presented by r3 簡維宏. postdural puncture headache (i). any breach of the ... Ultrasound Guided Lumbar Puncture. Preparation. Consent Lateral decubitus position Arch lower back with knees drawn to chest ...
slideserve.com
Failure Rate in Spinal Blocks and Determination of Related Factors - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govFailure Rate in Spinal Blocks and Determination of Related Factors - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Total failure was described as failure of localization of subarachnoid space with lumbar puncture; no motor and / or sensory ... Patients who underwent combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and patients without consent were excluded. The primary aim of the ... 1. Failure of localization of subarachnoid space with lumbar puncture and conversion from spinal anesthesia to general ... the level of puncture, the type of spinal needle, the direction of the spinal needle notch, the number of spinal puncture, the ...
clinicaltrials.gov
Limbs & Things - Lumbar Puncture & Epidural Simulator Mk 2Limbs & Things - Lumbar Puncture & Epidural Simulator Mk 2
A range of interchangeable puncture blocks is supplied to simulate elderly and obese patients. ... Designed for hands-on training and assessment in lumbar puncture and epidural procedures. ... Evaluation of M43B Lumbar puncture simulator-II as a training tool for identification of the epidural space and lumbar puncture ... "Evaluation of M43B Lumbar puncture simulator-II as a training tool for identification of the epidural space and lumbar puncture ...
limbsandthings.com
Limbs & Things - Advanced Epidural & Lumbar Puncture ModelLimbs & Things - Advanced Epidural & Lumbar Puncture Model
Lumbar Puncture Model offers realistic and repeatable training in the core skills of Lumbar Puncture and Epidural Anaesthesia. ... Optional steeper spine and smaller vertebral spaces. Versatility. *All inserts compatible with common base ... Epidural & Lumbar Puncture Standard Dura (x2). Yes. Yes. Yes. 61018. Epidural & Lumbar Puncture Advanced Dura (x4). Yes. No. ... Epidural & Lumbar Puncture Iliac Crest Insert. Yes. Yes. Yes. 61020. Epidural & Lumbar Puncture Insert Cartridge. Yes. Yes. Yes ...
limbsandthings.com
Extracranial glioblastoma with synchronous metastases in the lung, pulmonary lymph nodes, vertebrae, cervical muscles and...Extracranial glioblastoma with synchronous metastases in the lung, pulmonary lymph nodes, vertebrae, cervical muscles and...
By additional screening further metastases were detected in the thoracal and lumbal spine and surprisingly also in the lung and ... cervical muscles and epidural space in a young patient - case report and review of literature. ... Lumbar puncture was made with no pathological result. The abdomen CT showed no pathological findings. Postoperativly the ... Both, the epidural (emetGB IV°) as well as the pulmonal (pmetGB IV°) metastasis demonstrate expression of GFAP in 10-20% and of ...
bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com
Obese Lumbar Puncture / Epidural Training Package | Simulab CorporationObese Lumbar Puncture / Epidural Training Package | Simulab Corporation
The simulator features the lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, spinous process, ligamentum flavum, the epidural space and dura; ... The Obese Adult Replaceable Lumbar Puncture and Epidural Tissues feature increased soft tissue ... Our ultrasound lumbar puncture trainer realistically simulates an obese patient. ... Lumbar Puncture/Epidural. *Obese Lumbar Puncture / Epidural Training Package. Obese Lumbar Puncture / Epidural Training Package ...
simulab.com
Epidural blood patch - WikipediaEpidural blood patch - Wikipedia
The procedure can be used to relieve post dural puncture headaches caused by lumbar puncture (spinal tap). A small amount of ... An epidural needle is inserted into the epidural space at the site of the cerebrospinal fluid leak and blood is injected. The ... the patients blood is injected into the epidural space near the site of the original puncture; the resulting blood clot then " ... The procedure carries the typical risks of any epidural puncture. However, even though it is often effective, further ...
en.wikipedia.org
Large-Volume Blood Patch to Multiple Sites in the Epidural Space through a Single-Catheter Access Site for Treatment of...Large-Volume Blood Patch to Multiple Sites in the Epidural Space through a Single-Catheter Access Site for Treatment of...
Clinical suspicion for SIH can be confirmed by demonstrating low opening pressure on lumbar puncture or with imaging.6 Brain MR ... Epidural puncture in these regions is technically more challenging due the anatomy and the epidural space becoming smaller as ... An additional access site in the epidural space of the lower lumbar spine by using a 19-gauge spinal needle was obtained if ... Additionally, this treatment avoids puncture of the epidural space in the thoracic and cervical spine, making it theoretically ...
ajnr.org
Bacterial Meningitis After Intrapartum Spinal Anesthesia --- New York and Ohio, 2008--2009Bacterial Meningitis After Intrapartum Spinal Anesthesia --- New York and Ohio, 2008--2009
The intrathecal space is entered during several diagnostic and therapeutic spinal procedures, including lumbar puncture, ... used by health-care providers who were either placing a catheter or injecting material into the spinal canal or epidural space ... Veringa E, Van Belkum A, Schellekens H. Iatrogenic meningitis by Streptococcus salivarius following lumbar puncture. J Hosp ... Pandian JD, Sarada C, Radhakrishnan VV, Kishore A. Iatrogenic meningitis after lumbar puncture-a preventable health hazard. J ...
cdc.gov
Duet EDMS System - Indications, Safety & Warnings | MedtronicDuet EDMS System - Indications, Safety & Warnings | Medtronic
Monitoring pressure from the lumbar subarachnoid space can be done only in instances where lumbar puncture does not pose a ... bone and the epidural space; and patients who have demonstrated blockage of cerebrospinal fluid to the subarachnoid space due ... In addition, when the ventricle or lumbar subarachnoid space is first punctured during the insertion of the catheter, care ... Draining and monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow from the lateral ventricles or lumbar subarachnoid space is indicated ...
medtronic.com
Becker Indications Safety and WarningsBecker Indications Safety and Warnings
Monitoring pressure from the lumbar subarachnoid space can be done only in instances where lumbar puncture does not pose a ... bone and the epidural space; and patients which have demonstrated blockage of cerebrospinal fluid to the subarachnoid space due ... In addition, when the ventricle or lumbar subarachnoid space is first punctured during the insertion of the catheter, care ... Draining and monitoring of CSF flow from the lateral ventricles or lumbar subarachnoid space is indicated in selected patients ...
medtronic.com
Fluoroscopy-guided Lumbar Puncture: Decreased Frequency of Traumatic Tap and Implications for the Assessment of CT-negative...Fluoroscopy-guided Lumbar Puncture: Decreased Frequency of Traumatic Tap and Implications for the Assessment of CT-negative...
... and in the anterior epidural space. The largest vascular structures are in the epidural space and the largest of these are ... the frequency of traumatic lumbar puncture was 10.1% for bedside lumbar puncture and 3.5% for fluoroscopy-guided lumbar ... The use of fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture could decrease total patient charges. If only the cost of the lumbar puncture is ... However, CSF sampling by lumbar puncture is more sensitive than CT for SAH (1, 2). Unfortunately, traumatic lumbar puncture (ie ...
ajnr.org
Buyamag inc Spine Models - Epidural Lumbar Injection VertebralBuyamag inc Spine Models - Epidural Lumbar Injection Vertebral
Spinal injection lumbar epidural simulator disk degeneration training ... Buyamag provide spine models vertebral column puncture study model. ... Lumbar puncture may be performed in the L3-L4, L4-L5, or L5-S1 spaces. The correct site can be located by palpating the iliac ... Lumbar Puncture Includes: the Pediatric Lumbar Puncture Infant on a sturdy board, one lumbar puncture pad with spine and spinal ...
buyamag.com
Blue Phantom™ Lumbar Puncture and Spinal Epidural - 17 in. L x 11 in. W x 17 in. H (43 cm x 28 cm x 43 cm) | Spine | Skeletons ...Blue Phantom™ Lumbar Puncture and Spinal Epidural - 17 in. L x 11 in. W x 17 in. H (43 cm x 28 cm x 43 cm) | Spine | Skeletons ...
Lumbar Puncture and Spinal Epidural - 17 in. L x 11 in. W x 17 in. H (43 cm x 28 cm x 43 cm), BPLP2101 at Nasco. You will find ... epidural space, and spinal cistern. * Self-healing tissue saves you money by reducing the need for purchasing replacement parts ... Practice a wide variety of procedures including lumbar puncture and lumbar epidural ... Blue Phantom™ Lumbar Puncture and Spinal Epidural - 17 in. L x 11 in. W x 17 in. H (43 cm x 28 cm x 43 cm). ...
enasco.com
Evaluation of a new training device to simulate the epidural and subarachnoid spaces for neuraxial anesthesia techniques -...Evaluation of a new training device to simulate the epidural and subarachnoid spaces for neuraxial anesthesia techniques -...
Various aspects of both epidural and lumbar puncture insertions were scored for likeness to a real patient using a Likert scale ... Methods: Experienced anesthetists performed an epidural followed by a lumbar puncture procedure on the simulator model. ... Evaluation of a new training device to simulate the epidural and subarachnoid spaces for neuraxial anesthesia techniques. ... Background: We are introducing a new epidural/spinal simulation unit to be used either as a part-task trainer to teach and ...
minervamedica.it
Discitis Summary Report | CureHunterDiscitis Summary Report | CureHunter
... lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially ... Inflammation of an intervertebral disk or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined ... Inflammation of an intervertebral disk or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined ... lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially ...
curehunter.com
Malignant Lymphoma facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Malignant LymphomaMalignant Lymphoma facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Malignant Lymphoma
Rarely, a lumbar puncture or a spinal tap is performed to check if malignant cells are present in the fluid surrounding the ... In this test, the physician inserts a needle into the epidural space at the base of the spine and collects a small amount of ... In this test, the physician inserts a needle into the epidural space at the base of the spine and collects a small amount of ... In rare cases a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is performed to see if malignant cells are in the fluid that surrounds the brain. ...
encyclopedia.com
Bacterial Meningitis Following Spinal Anesthesia for Caesarean SectionBacterial Meningitis Following Spinal Anesthesia for Caesarean Section
Lumbar puncture bypasses the natural defense barrier of central nervous system and therefore carries a risk of transmitting ... There are multiple routes at which bacteria could migrate into the subarachnoid space. ... There are multiple routes at which bacteria could migrate into the subarachnoid space. Lumbar puncture bypasses the natural ... diagnostic lumbar puncture, epidural anesthesia or any procedures to the spinal canal. There are theoretically two routes at ...
scirp.org
Cerebrospinal fluid - WikipediaCerebrospinal fluid - Wikipedia
Lumbar puncture is carried out under sterile conditions by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space, usually between the ... Treatment of an identified leak may include injection of a persons blood into the epidural space (an epidural blood patch), ... A lumbar puncture that drains CSF may also be used as part of treatment for some conditions, including idiopathic intracranial ... CSF can leak from the dura as a result of different causes such as physical trauma or a lumbar puncture, or from no known cause ...
en.wikipedia.org
Atraumatic (pencil-point) versus conventional needles for lumbar puncture: a clinical practice guideline | The BMJAtraumatic (pencil-point) versus conventional needles for lumbar puncture: a clinical practice guideline | The BMJ
... of cerebrospinal fluid from the dural defect into the epidural space that is created by the spinal needle during puncture. ... for lumbar puncture. Diagnosis. Anaesthesia. Myelography. Not applicable to patients only undergoing epidural puncture. ... Lumbar puncture with any atraumatic (pencil point) needle. Lumbar puncture with any conventional needle. Conventional needle. ... lumbar puncture needles instead of conventional lumbar puncture needles reduced the risk of post-dural-puncture headache and of ...
bmj.com
Deluxe Adult Lumbar Puncture & Epidural Training Package | Simulab CorporationDeluxe Adult Lumbar Puncture & Epidural Training Package | Simulab Corporation
... the epidural space and dura; gluteal fold and a fluid filled compartment for simulated cerebrospinal fluid. The Training ... The ultrasound lumbar puncture and epidural simulator is a trainer that includes the lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, spinous ... The ultrasound lumbar puncture and epidural simulator is a trainer that includes the lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, spinous ... Lumbar Puncture/Epidural. *Deluxe Adult Lumbar Puncture & Epidural Training Package. Deluxe Adult Lumbar Puncture & Epidural ...
simulab.com
Spinal headache | definition of spinal headache by Medical dictionarySpinal headache | definition of spinal headache by Medical dictionary
... lumbar puncture, or epidural anesthesia, caused by a leak of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space. Severe spinal ... Key Words: anesthesia, lumbar puncture, myelography, spinal headache. Incidence of postdural puncture headache and backache, ... due to leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from subarachnoid space through the site of the puncture. Synonym(s): post-lumbar ... Synonym(s): post-lumbar puncture syndrome. spinal headache. a severe headache occurring after spinal anesthesia, ...
medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Epidural SpaceSpinal PuncturePuncturesPost-Dural Puncture HeadacheNeedlesAnesthesia, EpiduralBlood Patch, EpiduralMeningitisDura MaterInjections, EpiduralCerebrospinal FluidLumbosacral RegionHeadacheLigamentum FlavumMyelographySpinal CanalAnalgesia, EpiduralMeningitis, BacterialIntracranial HypotensionNeurosyphilisSeizures, FebrileInjections, SpinalLumbar VertebraeCerebrospinal Fluid PressureEpidural NeoplasmsFluoroscopyPseudotumor CerebriSubarachnoid HemorrhageCerebrospinal Fluid ProteinsTomography, X-Ray ComputedAnalgesia, ObstetricalMeningitis, FungalRadiculopathyLipomatosisSpinal Nerve RootsCoccyxAnesthesia, ObstetricalSpinal CordThoracic VertebraeReaginsTissue AdhesionsSpinal DiseasesFiber Optic TechnologyMagnetic Resonance ImagingIntracranial PressureLaminectomyAnesthetics, LocalMathematical ConceptsCatheterizationIntervertebral Disc DisplacementMeningitis, AsepticAnesthesia, SpinalHydrocephalusIntracranial HypertensionCerebrospinal Fluid ShuntsEncephaloceleSpinal Cord CompressionEpidural AbscessSpinal NeoplasmsCentral Nervous System InfectionsMeningitis, ViralAnesthesia, CaudalAnatomy, Cross-SectionalLeukocytosisProspective StudiesPapilledemaPneumocephalusSepsisSubarachnoid SpaceCerebral VentriculographyMeningeal CarcinomatosisFentanylBupivacaineCervical VertebraeEthmoid BoneEndoscopyCerebrospinal Fluid RhinorrheaSubdural EffusionLidocaineHeadache DisordersNerve BlockTreatment OutcomeBed RestSpinal Cord DiseasesRetrospective StudiesSpinal StenosisCecumLow Back PainCentral Nervous System Protozoal InfectionsMeningitis, MeningococcalSteroidsEmergency MedicineErythrocyte CountMeningitis, PneumococcalMeningitis, CryptococcalHematoma, SubduralPregnancy Trimester, ThirdLyme NeuroborreliosisMeningesAtrial Septum
AnesthesiaSubarachnoidLigamentum flavumAnalgesiaIdentify the epidural spaceAbscessPerform a lumbar punctureHeadacheCausing intracranial hypotensionSpinousAnestheticComplicationsInjectionsPatient'sComplicationMyelographyBlood PatchPlacementTissueRequires a lumbar punctureInsertionIatrogenicDiagnosisIdentification of the epidural spacePatientsInfant lumbar punctureTraumatic lumbar punctureLateralResistanceIntrathecal spaceTechniqueArachnoidIncidenceEnter the epidural spaceInfectionDiagnosticObese
Anesthesia34
Subarachnoid41
Ligamentum flavum11
Analgesia27
Identify the epidural space2
Abscess29
Perform a lumbar puncture1
Headache15
Causing intracranial hypotension1
Spinous2
Anesthetic2
Complications4
Injections6
Patient's1
Complication1
Myelography2
Blood Patch7
Placement5
Tissue6
Requires a lumbar puncture2
  • For instance, most experts agree that any infant less than 2 months of age with fever of 38 degrees Celsius (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) or greater and no identifiable source requires a lumbar puncture. (bionity.com)
  • It requires a lumbar puncture through one of the interspaces between lumbar disc 2 (L2) and the sacrum (S1). (nursingcrib.com)
Insertion2
Iatrogenic4
Diagnosis4
  • Indications The utility of lumbar puncture (LP) has been superceded by CT and MRI in the diagnosis of most intracranial mass lesions but diagnostic LP is still useful in the following conditions: o o o o o o o CNS infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoan). (scribd.com)
  • Given that spinal epidural abscesses most commonly are caused by hematogenous spread, 9% of patients presenting with this diagnosis will have two or more noncontiguous areas of pyogenic collections. (statpearls.com)
  • Generally, the goal of imaging is confirmation of the diagnosis of SIH through the visualization of a leak, as well as localization of the leak, to facilitate targeted treatment with either epidural patching or surgery. (medscape.com)
  • Documentation of an elevated CSF opening pressure without evidence of a space-occupying lesion on neuroimaging confirms the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). (acpinternist.org)
Identification of the epidural space1
Patients11
  • ultrasound on the patients who have had accidental dural punctures and analyze if there is any abnormal anatomy seen. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Our study will evaluate by ultrasound scan the lumbar vertebral column of patients who have had a previously recognized accidental dural puncture. (bioportfolio.com)
  • A range of interchangeable puncture blocks is supplied to simulate elderly and obese patients. (limbsandthings.com)
  • The use of fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture in patients with suspected SAH and negative CT findings should reduce the frequency of false-positive diagnoses of acute SAH as well as the number of unnecessary angiograms for patients with suspected SAH but no underlying intracranial vascular malformation. (ajnr.org)
  • Lumbar puncture has been supplanted by CT as the primary diagnostic technique in patients with suspected SAH, because lumbar puncture provides no information about the degree and location of SAH or the sequela of hemorrhage in the cerebral parenchyma. (ajnr.org)
  • Because SAH often reflects the presence of aneurysms or other cerebral vascular malformations, patients with a positive lumbar puncture usually undergo one or even two diagnostic cerebral angiograms. (ajnr.org)
  • After a bolus lumbar injection of 50 or 100 mcg Lioresal Intrathecal in seven patients, the average CSF elimination half-life was 1.51 hours over the first four hours and the average CSF clearance was approximately 30 mL/hour. (drugs.com)
  • A total of 97 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated in our hospital from January 2017 to August 2017 were selected as the research objects followed by being randomly divided into microendoscopy discectomy group (n=43) and open surgery group (n=44) with the method of drawing lots in which the open surgery group were given open surgery while the discectomy group received posterior microendoscopy discectomy (MED) treatment. (alliedacademies.org)
  • In this research, we selected 97 patients with lumbar disc herniation who were treated in our hospital from January 2017 to 2017 August to deeply study clinical effects of MED treatment and open surgery on lumbar disc herniation. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The main indication is irradiated low back pain to lower limbs linked to the narrow lumbar canal, to discopathies and to patients with postoperative fibrosis. (backpaindoctor.co.uk)
  • In patients undergoing treatment with anticoagulant and/or platelet antiaggregants, the pre-puncture treatment must be modified. (backpaindoctor.co.uk)
Infant lumbar puncture1
Traumatic lumbar puncture4
  • We tested the hypothesis that the risk of traumatic lumbar puncture is lower with the fluoroscopy-guided technique than with the standard bedside technique. (ajnr.org)
  • Using a cutoff of 1000 cells/mm 3 , the frequency of traumatic lumbar puncture was 10.1% for bedside lumbar puncture and 3.5% for fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture. (ajnr.org)
  • Therefore, any means of decreasing the rate of traumatic lumbar puncture would decrease the morbidity, discomfort, and cost associated with the evaluation of suspected SAH. (ajnr.org)
  • Fluoroscopic guidance has the potential to decrease the frequency of traumatic lumbar puncture. (ajnr.org)
Lateral2
Resistance2
Intrathecal space1
  • Lioresal Intrathecal when introduced directly into the intrathecal space permits effective CSF concentrations to be achieved with resultant plasma concentrations 100 times less than those occurring with oral administration. (drugs.com)
Technique8
Arachnoid1
Incidence1
Enter the epidural space1
Infection5
Diagnostic1
  • The epidural route is frequently employed by certain physicians and nurse anaesthetists to administer diagnostic (e.g. radiocontrast agents ) and therapeutic (e.g., glucocorticoids ) chemical substances, as well as certain analgesic and local anaesthetic agents. (wikipedia.org)
Obese1