A plant species of the family Ephedraceae, order Ephedrales, class Gnetopsida, division Gnetophyta. It is a source of EPHEDRINE and other alkaloids.
A plant genus of the family Ephedraceae, order Ephedrales, class Gnetopsida, division Gnetophyta.
A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain STILBENES.
A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
The country is bordered by RUSSIA on the north and CHINA on the west, south, and east. The capita is Ulaanbaatar.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Russia" is a country and not a medical term. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.

Cytotoxicity assessment of Ma-huang (Ephedra) under different conditions of preparation. (1/9)

Ma-huang is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb derived from EPHEDRA: sinica Stapf and other EPHEDRA: species, used to treat asthma, nose and lung congestion, and fever with anhidrosis. It contains 0.5-2.5% by weight of total alkaloids, of which ephedrine accounts for 30 to 90%. Recently, large amounts of ma-huang were used as a source of ephedrine in many dietary supplements formulated for weight reduction, because ephedrine has been found effective in inducing weight loss in diet-restricted obese patients. However, indiscriminate consumption of ma-huang-containing products has resulted in many cases of poisoning, some of which were fatal. The objective of this study is to investigate the relative toxicity of ma-huang extracted under different conditions. The toxicities of various extracts were assayed using MTT colorimetry on a battery of cell lines, while ephedrine alkaloids were analyzed with HPLC. The results are summarized as follows. (1) The cytotoxicity of all ma-huang extracts could not be totally accounted for by their ephedrine contents, suggesting the presence of other toxins in the extracts. (2) Grinding was a significant condition enhancing the toxicity of the extracts. (3) The relatively high sensitivity of the Neuro-2a cell line to the toxicity of ma-huang extracts suggests that the toxic principles were acting on neuronal cells. (4) One condition to produce a ma-huang extract with high ephedrine-to-toxins ratio would be to boil the whole herb for two h.  (+info)

Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. (2/9)

BACKGROUND: Dietary supplements that contain ephedra alkaloids (sometimes called ma huang) are widely promoted and used in the United States as a means of losing weight and increasing energy. In the light of recently reported adverse events related to use of these products, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed limits on the dose and duration of use of such supplements. The FDA requested an independent review of reports of adverse events related to the use of supplements that contained ephedra alkaloids to assess causation and to estimate the level of risk the use of these supplements poses to consumers. METHODS: We reviewed 140 reports of adverse events related to the use of dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids that were submitted to the FDA between June 1, 1997, and March 31, 1999. A standardized rating system for assessing causation was applied to each adverse event. RESULTS: Thirty-one percent of cases were considered to be definitely or probably related to the use of supplements containing ephedra alkaloids, and 31 percent were deemed to be possibly related. Among the adverse events that were deemed definitely, probably, or possibly related to the use of supplements containing ephedra alkaloids, 47 percent involved cardiovascular symptoms and 18 percent involved the central nervous system. Hypertension was the single most frequent adverse effect (17 reports), followed by palpitations, tachycardia, or both (13); stroke (10); and seizures (7). Ten events resulted in death, and 13 events produced permanent disability, representing 26 percent of the definite, probable, and possible cases. CONCLUSIONS: The use of dietary supplements that contain ephedra alkaloids may pose a health risk to some persons. These findings indicate the need for a better understanding of individual susceptibility to the adverse effects of such dietary supplements.  (+info)

Determination of ephedrine alkaloids in dietary supplements and botanicals by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: collaborative study. (3/9)

An interlaboratory study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and precision of a method for ephedrine-type alkaloids [i.e., norephedrine (NE), norpseudoephedrine (NPE), ephedrine (E), pseudoephedrine (PE), methylephedrine (ME), and methylpseudoephedrine (MPE)] in dietary supplements and botanicals. The amount of ephedrine-type alkaloids present was determined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass selective detection. The samples were diluted to reflect a concentration of 0.0200 to 1.00 microg/mL for each alkaloid. An internal standard was added and the alkaloids were separated using a 5 microm phenyl LC column with an ammonium acetate, glacial acetic acid, acetonitrile, and water mobile phase. Eight blind duplicates of dietary supplements or botanicals were analyzed by 10 collaborators. Included was a negative control, ephedra nevadensis, and negative controls fortified at 2 different levels with each of the 6 ephedrine-type alkaloids. The spike levels were approximately 100 and 1000 microg/g for NE, 100 and 600 microg/g for NPE, 6500 and 65000 microg/g for E, 1000 and 10 000 microg/g for PE, 300 and 3000 microg/g for ME, and 100 and 1000 microg/g for MPE. On the basis of the accuracy and precision results for this interlaboratory study, it is recommended that this method be adopted Official First Action for the determination of 6 different individual ephedrine-type alkaloids in dietary supplements and botanicals.  (+info)

Concentrations of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine in commercial dietary supplements. (4/9)

Dietary supplements that contain Ma Huang (ephedra alkaloids) and guarana (caffeine) are widely marketed and used in the U.S. for weight loss and athletic performance enhancement, despite a lack of adequate research on the pharmacology of these botanical stimulants. We developed and applied a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method to quantitate the various ephedra alkaloids found in dietary supplements that contain Ephedra species. The quantities of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, methylephedine, methylpseudoephedrine, and caffeine were determined for 35 commercial dietary supplements and compared with the amounts listed on the product labels. The total ephedra alkaloid content ranged from 5.97 mg to 29.3 mg per serving. Two supplement brands did not list the quantity of ephedra alkaloids on the label, and four did not list the amount of caffeine per serving. Of the products tested, 31% contained > 110% of the total ephedra alkaloids listed on the label, and 6% of the supplements contained < 90% of the listed amount. For caffeine, 86% of the product lots that listed the caffeine amount contained less than 90% of the labeled quantity. No products contained > 110% of the declared caffeine content. The total ephedra alkaloid content varied significantly from lot to lot in 5 of 9 products. Three product brands contained proportions of alkaloids that exceeded amounts reported for E. sinica, including one that was 98% ephedrine, one that had 10% norpseudoephedrine, and one that contained an average of 13% methylephedrine. We conclude that product inconsistency is common among some commercially available dietary supplements that contain ephedra alkaloids and caffeine.  (+info)

Determination of ephedra alkaloid and caffeine concentrations in dietary supplements and biological fluids. (5/9)

Dietary supplements containing botanical forms of caffeine and ephedra alkaloids have been widely promoted and used in the U.S. for weight loss and athletic enhancement despite a lack of adequate research on the pharmacology of these botanical stimulants. In order to analyze dietary supplements and perform human pharmacokinetic studies, an analytical approach with good precision and accuracy was needed with sufficient sensitivity to detect very low levels of ephedra alkaloids. A liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed for quantitating the various ephedrine-group alkaloids found in dietary supplements that contain Ephedra species, and in plasma and urine of persons consuming these supplements. Using this method, low nanogram-per-milliliter concentrations of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, methylephedrine, methylpseudoephedrine, and caffeine can be quantitated in a 12-min LC-MS-MS run.  (+info)

Anti-arthritic effects of Ephedra sinica STAPF herb-acupuncture: inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and adjuvant-induced polyarthritis. (6/9)

Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of water distillates of Ephedra sinica STAPF (ES), in herb-acupuncture, on the inflammatory responses of arthritis was investigated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human macrophage and adjuvant-induced arthritic rat. The luciferase reporter vectors driven by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 promoters were transiently transfected into U937 cells, which were then differentiated and stimulated by PMA and LPS, respectively, to develop an in vitro anti-inflammation assay system. The luciferase activities, observed in the activated U937 cells, were significantly inhibited by ES herb-acupuncture, compared to those of PD98509 and berberine. To evaluate ES herb-acupuncture as a novel anti-arthritic therapy, a polyarthritic rat model was developed using heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 50 mul of ES distillate was subcutaneously injected into the ST36 acupoint on each knee joint. While the articular indexes of arthritic rats were evidently decreased by ES herb-acupuncture, their body weights did not regain their initial levels. This may be due to the accelerating effects of ES on weight-loss and fat consumption. The mRNA expressions of TNF-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 genes, which were closely stimulated in the arthritic rat joints, were found to be restored to the normal levels through the ES treatment. In the case of IL-1beta, the recovery was not significant but substantial. The anti-arthritic effect of ES herb-acupuncture was not found in the ES-treated/non-acupoint group. In conclusion, the ES herb-acupuncture into the ST36 acupoint was found to be effective in alleviating the inflammatory response and thus arthritic symptoms in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats.  (+info)

Cardiotoxicity of Ma Huang/caffeine or ephedrine/caffeine in a rodent model system. (7/9)

Ma Huang (equivalent to 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg ephedrine) or ephedrine (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 mg/kg) were administered as one bolus oral dose to male F344 rats with and without caffeine. The herbal medicine Ma Huang (ephedra) in combination with caffeine caused rapid clinical signs of toxicity including salivation, hyperactivity, ataxia, and eventually lethargy, and failure to respond to stimuli. When this syndrome of clinical signs emerged, animals were moribund sacrificed, and a histological analysis for heart lesions performed. Cardiotoxicity included hemorrhage, necrosis, and degeneration in the ventricles or interventricular septum within 2-4 hours after treatment with Ma Huang (ephedra)/caffeine or ephedrine (the principal active component in Ma Huang)/caffeine. There was a steep dose response curve for cardiotoxicity with minimal toxicity seen at levels of Ma Huang (equivalent to 12.5 mg/kg ephedrine) with caffeine. However, cardiotoxic lesions occurred in 28% of animals with Ma Huang dosages equivalent to 25 mg/kg ephedrine with 15 or 30 mg/kg caffeine, and in 90% of animals at Ma Huang exposures equivalent to 50 mg/kg ephedrine with 15 or 30 mg/kg caffeine. Cardiotoxic lesions occurred in 47% of animals in the 25 mg/kg ephedrine groups with caffeine at 7.25, 15, or 30 mg/kg. There was no statistical difference in the occurrence of cardiotoxic lesions when 15 or 30 mg/kg caffeine was combined with Ma Huang equivalent to 25 or 50 mg/kg ephedrine; likewise there was no statistical difference in the occurrence of cardiotoxic lesions when 7.25, 15, or 30 mg/kg caffeine was combined with 25 mg/kg ephedrine. These results show that the cardiotoxic effects of the herbal medicine, Ma Huang, are similar to that of ephedrine, the principal active ingredient in the herbal medicine. The combination of Ma Huang or ephedrine with caffeine enhanced the cardiotoxicity over that with the herbal medicine or the active ingredient alone.  (+info)

A case of ischemic colitis associated with the herbal food supplement ma huang. (8/9)

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Ephedra sinica, also known as Ma Huang, is a plant that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. It contains several alkaloids, including ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which have stimulant effects on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.

Ephedra sinica has been used to treat various medical conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and nasal congestion. However, its use as a dietary supplement or weight loss aid has been controversial due to concerns about its safety. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the sale of dietary supplements containing ephedra in 2004 due to the risk of serious adverse effects, including heart attack, stroke, and death.

It is important to note that Ephedra sinica should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional, as it can interact with other medications and have potentially dangerous side effects.

Ephedra is a genus of plants that contain various alkaloids, including ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. These plants, also known as "joint-fir" or "Mormon tea," have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years to treat various conditions such as asthma, nasal congestion, and hay fever.

Ephedra has been used as a stimulant to increase energy, alertness, and physical performance. However, the use of ephedra-containing supplements has been linked to serious side effects, including heart attack, stroke, and death, particularly when taken in high doses or combined with other stimulants. As a result, the sale of dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids was banned in the United States in 2004.

It's important to note that while ephedra has been used in traditional medicine, its safety and effectiveness have not been thoroughly studied in clinical trials, and its use is not recommended without medical supervision.

Ephedrine is a medication that stimulates the nervous system and is used to treat low blood pressure, asthma, and nasal congestion. It works by narrowing the blood vessels and increasing heart rate, which can help to increase blood pressure and open up the airways in the lungs. Ephedrine may also be used as a bronchodilator to treat COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

Ephedrine is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and solutions for injection. It is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider when taking ephedrine, as it can have side effects such as rapid heart rate, anxiety, headache, and dizziness. Ephedrine should not be used by people with certain medical conditions, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, or narrow-angle glaucoma, and it should not be taken during pregnancy or breastfeeding without consulting a healthcare provider.

In addition to its medical uses, ephedrine has been used as a performance-enhancing drug and is banned by many sports organizations. It can also be found in some over-the-counter cold and allergy medications, although these products are required to carry warnings about the potential for misuse and addiction.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Caragana" is not a medical term or concept. It is actually the name of a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, also known as Siberian peashrubs. These plants are often used in landscaping and erosion control due to their hardiness and ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!

I am not aware of a specific medical definition for the term "China." Generally, it is used to refer to:

1. The People's Republic of China (PRC), which is a country in East Asia. It is the most populous country in the world and the fourth largest by geographical area. Its capital city is Beijing.
2. In a historical context, "China" was used to refer to various dynasties and empires that existed in East Asia over thousands of years. The term "Middle Kingdom" or "Zhongguo" (中国) has been used by the Chinese people to refer to their country for centuries.
3. In a more general sense, "China" can also be used to describe products or goods that originate from or are associated with the People's Republic of China.

If you have a specific context in which you encountered the term "China" related to medicine, please provide it so I can give a more accurate response.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mongolia" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in Central Asia. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terminology, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Russia" is not a medical term or concept. Russia is the largest country in the world by land area, located primarily in Asia with a smaller portion extending into Europe. It is a nation rich in history and culture, known for its diverse landscapes, from tundra and forests to subtropical beaches.

If you have any medical questions or terms that you would like me to define, please feel free to ask!

... (also known as Chinese ephedra or Ma Huang) is a species of Ephedra native to Mongolia, Russia (Buryatiya, Chita ... "Ephedra sinica in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2016-07-07. v t e (Articles with short description ... Chinese medicine Ephedra (the genus of plants) Ephedra (US-specific page on ephedrine-containing dietary supplements, observed ... Ephedra sinica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T201702A9168958. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS. ...
... ephedra sinica (麻黄; 麻黃; máhuáng), peony (white: 白芍; báisháo and reddish: 赤芍; chìsháo), rehmannia (地黄; 地黃; dìhuáng), rhubarb (大黄 ... For example, the misuse of the dietary supplement Ephedra (containing ephedrine) can lead to adverse events including ...
"Ephedra (Ephedra sinica) / ma huang". Mayo Clinic. September 1, 2012. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved May ... which prompted FDA to remove the dietary supplement status of ephedra extracts Insomnia caused by stimulants, methylphenidate ( ...
Ephedra is a medicinal preparation from the plant Ephedra sinica. Several additional species belonging to the genus Ephedra ... Ephedra sinica is a gymnosperm that forms stalks with buds on the end. It is easy to see how this shape could be described like ... Another text refers to soma as a twig, which is much like Ephedra sinica when it is dried out. Chinese medicine Sida cordifolia ... Ephedra may also be used as a precursor in the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine. Ephedra has been used as a weight-loss ...
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are also found naturally in Ephedra sinica. Both of these plants are used medicinally (and ...
The diastereomer of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine is found in Ephedra sinica together along with ephedrine. Ephedrine and ... Around the same time, amphetamine's precursor ephedrine was also abstracted from a Chinese herbal medicine ephedra by a ...
He developed his own isolation procedure from the Chinese herb Ma Huang (ephedra sinica). Its medicinal value was long known in ... He was elected an inaugural member of Academia Sinica in 1948 and awarded the Remington Medal in 1965 for excellence in ... Academia Sinica, Republic of China 1952 Honorary Sc.D., Univ Wisconsin 1952 President, American Society for Pharmacology and ... Members of Academia Sinica, Scientists from Shanghai, Academic staff of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese pharmacologists, ...
L-Norpseudoephedrine, the enantiomer Methcathinone Ephedra sinica ("Ephedra") Ephedrine Pseudoephedrine Methamphetamine Anvisa ... Ephedra, found in many Ephedraceae species, is a Chinese and Western herb that contains, among other amphetamines, D- ... During the trial, five cases of anencephaly were born to women who used ephedra, however there was no statistically significant ... association to women not using ephedra (odds ratio 2.8, confidence interval 1.0-7.3). A small study of 642 participants in ...
Peganum harmala and Ephedra sinica. According to recent philological and archaeological studies, and in addition, direct ... Phaedra/Ephedra (plant) and Cannabis.[better source needed] In the Vedas, the same word soma is used for the drink, the plant, ...
Peganum harmala and Ephedra sinica. Soma is a Vedic Sanskrit word that literally means "distill, extract, sprinkle", often ... Falk also asserted that the three varieties of ephedra that yield ephedrine (Ephedra gerardiana, E. major procera and E. ... He was associated more than any other deity with Soma, a stimulant drug (perhaps derived from Ephedra) probably borrowed from ... In the late 19th century, the highly conservative Zoroastrians of Yazd (Iran) were found to use ephedra, which was locally ...
Methamphetamine can also be made from ephedrine, one of the naturally occurring alkaloids in ephedra (Ephedra sinica). MDMA can ...
The Chinese Government owns and operates ephedra farms, where ephedra grass (ephedra sinica) is cultivated under strict ... In addition to government-controlled farms, the ephedra plant grows wildly in many parts of the northern areas of China. ... China and India are the major producers of these chemicals extracted from the ephedra plant. ...
Wild medicinal plant resources include symphytum, liquorice, ferula sinkiangensis, ephedra sinica, plantago, codonopsis, ...
The herb má huáng (Ephedra sinica), used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), contains ephedrine and pseudoephedrine as its ... In chemical terms, it is an alkaloid with a phenethylamine skeleton found in various plants in the genus Ephedra (family ... The same may be true of other herbal products containing extracts from other Ephedra species. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine ...
... is obtained from the plant Ephedra sinica and other members of the genus Ephedra, from which the name of the ... In 1997, the FDA proposed a regulation on ephedra (the herb from which ephedrine is obtained), which limited an ephedra dose to ... Similarly, ephedra can only be bought with a prescription. Since April 2006, all products, including plant parts, that contain ... Ephedrine and all Ephedra species which contain it are considered Schedule 4 substances under the Poisons Standard (October ...
... may refer to: Ephedra (medicine), a medicinal preparation from the plant Ephedra sinica Ephedra (plant), genus of ... gymnosperm shrubs Ephedrine This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ephedra. If an internal link led ...
... in particular to that extracted from Ephedra sinica), and noted that it "is a powerful stimulant, and would thus be a more ... used traditionally by the Srauta Brahmins called Somayajis whereas the Avestan Haoma is an Ephedra (Ephedra distachya), which ... Ephedra distachya is native to southern Europe and northern Asia. Later, it was discovered that a number of Iranian languages ... Ephedra plants are shrubs, measuring between 0.2 and 4 meters, with numerous green or yellowish stems. There are about 30 ...
... found in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine má huáng made from the Ephedra sinica) was removed from the market in 2004. ... Rados C (2004). "Ephedra ban: no shortage of reasons". FDA Consumer. 38 (2): 6-7. PMID 15101356. "Lorcaserin (Belviq) Withdrawn ...
... and Ephedra sinica to treat joint pain. Shultz, Leila M. (2006). "Artemisia frigida". In Flora of North America Editorial ...
... ephedra MeSH B06.388.400.344.222.500 - ephedra sinica MeSH B06.388.400.344.333 - gnetum MeSH B06.388.462.500 - frullania MeSH ...
... the Chinese name for Ephedra sinica, an ephedrine-bearing plant which was then marketed as a weight loss aid. Fellow Santa ...
Three species, Ephedra sinica, Ephedra vulgaris, and to a lesser extent Ephedra equisetina, are commercially grown in Mainland ... Pakistan, Afghanistan Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin Ephedra sinica Stapf - Cao Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra - Mongolia ... Cory's Ephedra) - Texas, New Mexico Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's ... Ephedra sumlingensis P.Sharma & P.L.Uniyal - western Himalayas Ephedra tilhoana Maire - Chad Ephedra torreyana S.Watson - ...
... przewalskii Ephedra regeliana Ephedra rhytidosperma Ephedra rituensis Ephedra rupestris Ephedra sarcocarpa Ephedra sinica, ... Torrey ephedra Ephedra transitoria Ephedra triandra Ephedra trifurca, American ephedra Ephedra tweediana Ephedra viridis, green ... boundary ephedra Ephedra boelckei Ephedra breana Ephedra californica, California ephedra Ephedra chilensis Ephedra compacta ... Ephedra kardangensis Ephedra laristanica Ephedra likiangensis Ephedra lomatolepis Ephedra major Ephedra milleri Ephedra minuta ...
Zhong-Jian Liu; Xin Wang (2016). "An enigmatic Ephedra-like fossil lacking micropylar tube from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian ... Lauraceae) from the Eocene of the Maoming Basin, South China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 90 (5): 1561-1571. doi: ... Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 90 (1): 19-29. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12592. Pedro Correia; Artur A. Sá; J. Brendan ... Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 55 (4): 482-494. Archived from the original on 2017-03-12. Retrieved 2017-03-10. Jun-Ling Dong; ...
There were also ginkgos, czekanowskialeans, bennettitaleans, ephedra, horsetails, ferns, and mosses. The leaves and needles of ... Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 80 (5): 733-742. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2006.tb00296.x. S2CID 129030035. Jin, F.; ... Academica Sinica" "Stratigraphical Chart in China with Explanatory Text" Science Press, Beijing 1983:65-82. Sha, Jingeng. (2007 ...
Acta Entomologica Sinica 25 (2): 204-205. Liu, Y.-q. & J.-w. Bai, 1982: Notes on Chinese Pandemis Hübner (Lepidoptera: ... 1910 Capua ephedra Meyrick, 1910 Capua eugrapta Turner, 1927 Capua euryochra Turner, 1914 Capua gongylia Turner, 1925 Capua ... Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 7 (2): 196-202. Razowski, J., 2009: Revision of Mictopsichia Hübner with descriptions of new species ...
Gabriela G. Puebla; Ari Iglesias; María A. Gómez; Mercedes B. Prámparo (2017). "Fossil record of Ephedra in the Lower ... nov.: the lowest latitude fossil record of the genus". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 91 (4): 1179-1189. doi:10.1111/ ... Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 91 (1): 9-21. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13060. S2CID 133030173. Xiao-Hui Xu; Liu-Yin Yang ... Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 91 (1): 1-8. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13059. S2CID 132566336. Else M. Friis; Ari Iglesias ...
Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, vol. 8, Lanzhou: Academy Sinica, pp. 3-17. Zheng Mianping (1997), An Introduction to Saline Lakes ... The local flora consists of sparse forbs (particularly members of Chenopodioideae) and shrubs, especially members of Ephedra ...
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.008 New drug molecule for treatment of atrial fibrillation - ... ephedra).[citation needed] Pregnancy and nursing mothers Hypersensitivity to dronedarone Hepatic impairment. In Jan 2011 the ...
Medicinal plants include podophyllum, rhubarb, ginseng, stramonium, cinnamon bark, and, ma huang, or Ephedra. Unlike the ... Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica Adverse Drug Reaction Journal China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy China ...
Ephedra sinica (also known as Chinese ephedra or Ma Huang) is a species of Ephedra native to Mongolia, Russia (Buryatiya, Chita ... "Ephedra sinica in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2016-07-07. v t e (Articles with short description ... Chinese medicine Ephedra (the genus of plants) Ephedra (US-specific page on ephedrine-containing dietary supplements, observed ... Ephedra sinica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T201702A9168958. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS. ...
Csikófark (Ephedra sinica). Küldő neve. Küldő email címe. Gyakori email fiókok. @citromail.hu. @freemail.hu. @gmail.com. @ ... Érdeklödni szerenék ,hogy van e Csikófark (Ephedra sinica) Csikófark (Herba Ephedrae) máhuáng. ilyen termék? menyíbe kerül hol ...
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... sinica used for ear infection, sinusitis, weight loss, allergies, whooping cough, bronchitis, colds, COPD, cough ... Ephedra Ma Huang Scientific:. Ephedra sinica. Other:. Ma Huang. Family:. Ephedraceae. Summary. Ephedra has been used in ... Ephedra is a potent herb and should be used with caution. In addition to the respiratory system, ephedra stimulates metabolism ... Ephedra is a potent herb and should be used with caution. In addition to the respiratory system, ephedra stimulates metabolism ...
Copyright © 2023 ephedra sinica tea for sale online , Powered by ephedra sinica tea for sale online ...
Ephedra Habitat: China Collection: Gather the young branches in the autumn before the first frost, as the alkaloid content is ... Ephedra sinica. Ephedraceae. Names: Ephedra. Habitat: China. Collection: Gather the young branches in the autumn before the ... mainly Ephedra sinica and E.equisetina from China and E. gerardiana from India.. The alkaloids present in Ephedra have ... Combinations: Ephedra sinica is best used in conjunction with herbs that support its effects or help the body deal with the ...
Ephedra viridis is an evergreen Shrub growing to 1.8 m (6ft). See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 9. It is in ... Ephedra sinica. Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra. Shrub. 0.4. 0-0 LM. N. DM. 1. 4. ... Ephedra fragilis. Shrub. 1.8. 7-10 LM. N. DM. 2. 4. Ephedra gerardiana. Ma Huang, Gerard jointfir. Shrub. 0.6. 6-9 LM. N. DM. 2 ... Mormon Tea, Brigham Tea, Long Leaf Ephedra, Mountain Joint Fir, Mormon Tea, Ephedra ...
The animals were divided into six groups: model, control, Ephedra alone, Schisandrae alone, combination of Ephedra and ... The Ephedra and hydrocortisone groups demonstrated significantly reduced alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis grades compared with ... Ephedra and Schisandrae prevented alveolitis and the development of pulmonary fibrosis. ... Ephedra inhibited the increase in the lung coefficient. The combination therapy prevented pulmonary artery injury and ...
Ephedra (Ephedra sinica). University of Washington.. *FDA and the drug development process: How the agency ensures that drugs ... In 1887, a Japanese chemist isolated the active ingredient in the plant, an alkaloid he called ephedrine or ephedra [source: ... Between 1993 and 1997, at least 34 deaths and 800 medical cases were directly linked to use of ephedra [source: Jacobs and ... recalls twelve dietary herbal supplements nationwide because of possible health risk associated with ephedra, aristolochic acid ...
Pharmacokinetics and Cardiovascular Effects of Ma-Huang (Ephedra sinica) in Normotensive Adults. J Clin Pharmacol 1997;37:116- ... Herbal ephedra/caffeine for weight loss: a 6-month randomized safety and efficacy trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26: ... Chen, W. L., Tsai, T. H., Yang, C. C., and Kuo, T. B. Acute effects of ephedra on autonomic nervous modulation in healthy young ... Pharmacology of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine after single-dose dietary supplement use. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;71:421-32. ...
Ephedra. Also called ma-huang, this herb from the plant ephedra sinica is used for asthma and to suppress appetite. When ...
Ephedra sinica. Ma-huang. Erysimum canescens. Euonymus europaeus. Spindle tree, Skewer wood ...
Ephedra... 10 MA-HUANG seeds (Ephedra sinica). 2,99 € * Strelitzia... 6 BIRD OF PARADISE seeds (Strelitzia reginae) ...
Identification of Two Cold Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from the Stems of Ephedra sinica Stapf, Chinese Medicine, Vol.1 No.3, ...
Ephedra Root (Mahuanggen). Ephedra Root (Mahuanggen). Pharmaceutical Name: Radix Ephedrae Botanical Name: Ephedra sinica stapf ...
Ephedrine is derived from any of several species of evergreen shrub belonging to the genus Ephedra, but E. sinica is the ... While some ephedra species have no alkaloid content, E. sinica typically has the highest concentration of ephedrine. The ... E. sinica is native to northern China and inner Mongolia. In Chinese, it is called "ma huang." It has been called the worlds ... alkaloid content of E. sinica ranges from one to three percent; 40% to 90% of the alkaloids are ephedrine, with the remainder ...
... is recalling all bottles of Al-Er-G Capsules due to the presence of Ephedra Herb, an ingredient that has been banned by the U.S ... is recalling all bottles of Al-Er-G Capsules due to the presence of Ephedra Herb, an ingredient that has been banned by the U.S ... Mormon tea or American ephedra comes from Ephedra nevadensis, and ephedra or ma huang comes primarily from Ephedra sinica. ... What is Ephedra?. Ephedra is an herb. Typically, the branches and tops are used to make medicine, but the root or whole plant ...
Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica) has been employed for thousands of years to aid breathing since chemicals in this plant widen ...
Proto alkaloids - Aconite root Aconitum napellus Ranunculaceae Aconitine Proto alkaloids: Ephedra sinica Ephedraceae Colchicum ... Aconite root Aconitum napellus Ranunculaceae Aconitine Proto alkaloids: Ephedra sinica Ephedraceae Colchicum autumnale ...
It might be listed in the ingredients as Ma Huang, Ephedra sinica, Sida cordifolia, ephedra, ephedrine group alkaloids, ... Some of the weight loss products that have contained ephedra include Metabolife, Herbalife, OmniTrim, Trim Easy, Diet Pep, ... Many herbal weight loss products contain some form of ephedra. ... Ephedra sinica, Sida cordifolia, ephedra, ephedrine group ... Young people who didnt know that they had underlying health problems have died with doses as low as 36 mg of ephedra. The FDA ...
Ma Huang is also known as Chinese Ephedra, an ancient ... Ephedra sinica) is an herb commonly found in traditional ... Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica) is an herb commonly found in traditional Chinese medicines and certain teas. Ma Huang is also known ... What are Ephedra Alkaloids?. Ephedra alkaloids are chemical compounds found within the plant, most notably ephedrine and ... as Chinese Ephedra, an ancient chinese remedy containing ephedrine-like alkaloids.. These alkaloids are the active ingredients ...
Cablin Patchouli) Aerial Part - 9.40mg, Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedra) Herbaceous Stem - 9.14mg, Prunus sibirica L. (Bitter ...
Functional Genomic Investigation of Aromatic Aminotransferases Involved in Ephedrine Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Ephedra Sinica ( ...
... beginning with the identification of ephedrine as the active ingredient in extracts from the Ephedra sinica shrub, which had ... Ephedra. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Available at https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ephedra. July ...
Ephedra sinica (ma-huang), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) and Irvingia gabonesis (wild mango). ...
Ephedra sinica continues to be a component of traditional herbal preparations for asthma, often in amounts of 1 to 2gm of the ... Ephedra (Ma Huang) Ephedra contains ephedrine and variable quantities of pseudoephedrine. These components are still widely ...
Ephedra sinica root. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A. target. Ephedra sinica root. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B. ... Ephedra sinica root. Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter. target. Ephedra sinica root. Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor. target ... Ephedra sinica root. Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter. target. Ephedra sinica root. Synaptic vesicular amine transporter. ... Ephedra sinica root. Chromaffin granule amine transporter. target. Ephedra sinica root. Sodium-dependent noradrenaline ...
Ephedra Sinica. The Ephedra Sinica is a small pine shrub native to China requires a sandy soil and good sunlight. It is very ...
Ephedra - Ephedra Sinica €5.50 Ephedra - Ephedra Sinica - 20 Seeds Add to cart ...

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