Enzyme Stability
Protein Denaturation
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Catalysis
Temperature
Models, Molecular
Mutation
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Amino Acid Sequence
Protein Stability
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
RNA Stability
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
Phe161 and Arg166 variants of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. Implications for NADPH recognition and structural stability. (1/5593)
Phe161 and Arg166 of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens belong to a newly discovered sequence motif in flavoprotein hydroxylases with a putative dual function in FAD and NADPH binding [1]. To study their role in more detail, Phe161 and Arg166 were selectively changed by site-directed mutagenesis. F161A and F161G are catalytically competent enzymes having a rather poor affinity for NADPH. The catalytic properties of R166K are similar to those of the native enzyme. R166S and R166E show impaired NADPH binding and R166E has lost the ability to bind FAD. The crystal structure of substrate complexed F161A at 2.2 A is indistinguishable from the native enzyme, except for small changes at the site of mutation. The crystal structure of substrate complexed R166S at 2.0 A revealed that Arg166 is important for providing an intimate contact between the FAD binding domain and a long excursion of the substrate binding domain. It is proposed that this interaction is essential for structural stability and for the recognition of the pyrophosphate moiety of NADPH. (+info)Properties and regulation of human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (2/5593)
Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) appears to be the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine catabolism, yet studies of its regulation have been limited by the low amounts of SSAT in uninduced cells. A system for studying SSAT was established by stably transfecting Chinese hamster ovary cells with a construct where SSAT cDNA was under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. Thirteen of 44 clones expressed significantly increased SSAT activity (650-1900 compared with 24 pmol/min/mg protein in control cells). SSAT activity was directly proportional to SSAT protein, which turned over very rapidly (t(1)/(2) of 29 min) and was degraded through the ubiquitin/proteasomal pathway. The increased SSAT activity caused perturbations in polyamine homeostasis and led to a reduction in the rate of growth under clonal conditions. N1,N12-bis(ethyl)spermine greatly increased SSAT activity in controls and SSAT transfected clones (to about 10 and 60 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). N1, N12-Bis(ethyl)spermine caused an increase in the SSAT half-life and a slight increase in SSAT mRNA, but these changes were insufficient to account for the increase in SSAT protein suggesting that translational regulation of SSAT must also occur. (+info)Stabilization from autoproteolysis and kinetic characterization of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 proteinase. (3/5593)
We have developed a system for expression and purification of wild-type human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proteinase to attain sufficient quantities for structural, kinetic, and biophysical investigations. However, similar to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteinase, HTLV-1 proteinase also undergoes autoproteolysis rapidly upon renaturation to produce two products. The site of this autoproteolytic cleavage was mapped, and a resistant HTLV-1 proteinase construct (L40I) as well as another construct, wherein the two cysteine residues were exchanged to alanines, were expressed and purified. Oligopeptide substrates representing the naturally occurring cleavage sites in HTLV-1 were good substrates of the HTLV-1 proteinase. The kinetic parameters kcat and Km were nearly identical for all the three enzymes. Although three of four peptides representing HTLV-1 proteinase cleavage sites were fairly good substrates of HIV-1 proteinase, only two of nine peptides representing HIV-1 proteinase cleavage sites were hydrolyzed by the HTLV-1 proteinase, suggesting substantial differences in the specificity of the two enzymes. The large difference in the specificity of the two enzymes was also demonstrated by inhibition studies. Of the several inhibitors of HIV-1 or other retroviral proteinases that were tested on HTLV-1 proteinase, only two inhibit the enzyme with a Ki lower than 100 nM. (+info)Low temperature cycled PCR protocol for Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I in the presence of proline. (4/5593)
A method for performing cycled PCR at low temperatures, using the thermolabile Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, is reported. Application of proline as a buffer additive in the range of 3.0-5.5 M remarkably increases the thermal stability of the polymerase and decreases the denaturation temperature of DNAtemplate. This method might be applicable to a broad spectrum of thermolabile DNA polymerases in cycled PCR and other methods of DNA amplification. (+info)Metal-catalyzed oxidation of phenylalanine-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli: inactivation and destabilization by oxidation of active-site cysteines. (5/5593)
The in vitro instability of the phenylalanine-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase [DAHPS(Phe)] from Escherichia coli has been found to be due to a metal-catalyzed oxidation mechanism. DAHPS(Phe) is one of three differentially feedback-regulated isoforms of the enzyme which catalyzes the first step of aromatic biosynthesis, the formation of DAHP from phosphoenolpyruvate and D-erythrose-4-phosphate. The activity of the apoenzyme decayed exponentially, with a half-life of about 1 day at room temperature, and the heterotetramer slowly dissociated to the monomeric state. The enzyme was stabilized by the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate or EDTA, indicating that in the absence of substrate, a trace metal(s) was the inactivating agent. Cu2+ and Fe2+, but none of the other divalent metals that activate the enzyme, greatly accelerated the rate of inactivation and subunit dissociation. Both anaerobiosis and the addition of catalase significantly reduced Cu2+-catalyzed inactivation. In the spontaneously inactivated enzyme, there was a net loss of two of the seven thiols per subunit; this value increased with increasing concentrations of added Cu2+. Dithiothreitol completely restored the enzymatic activity and the two lost thiols in the spontaneously inactivated enzyme but was only partially effective in reactivation of the Cu2+-inactivated enzyme. Mutant enzymes with conservative replacements at either of the two active-site cysteines, Cys61 or Cys328, were insensitive to the metal attack. Peptide mapping of the Cu2+-inactivated enzyme revealed a disulfide linkage between these two cysteine residues. All results indicate that DAHPS(Phe) is a metal-catalyzed oxidation system wherein bound substrate protects active-site residues from oxidative attack catalyzed by bound redox metal cofactor. A mechanism of inactivation of DAHPS is proposed that features a metal redox cycle that requires the sequential oxidation of its two active-site cysteines. (+info)Molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression of a novel multidomain mannanase gene from Thermoanaerobacterium polysaccharolyticum. (6/5593)
The manA gene of Thermoanaerobacterium polysaccharolyticum was cloned in Escherichia coli. The open reading frame of manA is composed of 3,291 bases and codes for a preprotein of 1,097 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 119,627 Da. The start codon is preceded by a strong putative ribosome binding site (TAAGGCGGTG) and a putative -35 (TTCGC) and -10 (TAAAAT) promoter sequence. The ManA of T. polysaccharolyticum is a modular protein. Sequence comparison and biochemical analyses demonstrate the presence of an N-terminal leader peptide, and three other domains in the following order: a putative mannanase-cellulase catalytic domain, cellulose binding domains 1 (CBD1) and CBD2, and a surface-layer-like protein region (SLH-1, SLH-2, and SLH-3). The CBD domains show no sequence homology to any cellulose binding domain yet reported, hence suggesting a novel CBD. The duplicated CBDs, which lack a disulfide bridge, exhibit 69% identity, and their deletion resulted in both failure to bind to cellulose and an apparent loss of carboxymethyl cellulase and mannanase activities. At the C-terminal region of the gene are three repeats of 59, 67, and 56 amino acids which are homologous to conserved sequences found in the S-layer-associated regions within the xylanases and cellulases of thermophilic members of the Bacillus-Clostridium cluster. The ManA of T. polysaccharolyticum, besides being an extremely active enzyme, is the only mannanase gene cloned which shows this domain structure. (+info)A cold-active glucanase from the ruminal bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. (7/5593)
We previously characterized two endoglucanases, CelG and EGD, from the mesophilic ruminal anaerobe Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. Further comparative experiments have shown that CelG is a cold-active enzyme whose catalytic properties are superior to those of several other intensively studied cold-active enzymes. It has a lower temperature optimum, of 25 degrees C, and retains about 70% of its maximum activity at 0 degrees C, while EGD has a temperature optimum of 35 degrees C and retains only about 18% of its maximal activity at 0 degrees C. When assayed at 4 degrees C, CelG exhibits a 33-fold-higher kcat value and a 73-fold-higher physiological efficiency (kcat/Km) than EGD. CelG has a low thermal stability, as indicated by the effect of temperature on its activity and secondary structure. The presence of small amino acids around the putative catalytic residues may add to the flexibility of the enzyme, thereby increasing its activity at cold temperatures. Its activity is modulated by sodium chloride, with an increase of over 1.8-fold at an ionic strength of 0.03. Possible explanations for the presence of a cold-active enzyme in a mesophile are that cold-active enzymes are more broadly distributed than previously expected, that lateral transfer of the gene from a psychrophile occurred, or that F. succinogenes originated from the marine environment. (+info)Purification and characterization of a novel peroxidase from Geotrichum candidum dec 1 involved in decolorization of dyes. (8/5593)
A peroxidase (DyP) involved in the decolorization of dyes and produced by the fungus strain Geotrichum candidum Dec 1 was purified. DyP, a glycoprotein, is glycosylated with N-acetylglucosamine and mannose (17%) and has a molecular mass of 60 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 3.8. The absorption spectrum of DyP exhibited a Soret band at 406 nm corresponding to a hemoprotein, and its Na2S2O4-reduced form revealed a peak at 556 nm that indicates the presence of a protoheme as its prosthetic group. Nine of the 21 types of dyes that were decolorized by Dec 1 cells were decolorized by DyP; in particular, anthraquinone dyes were highly decolorized. DyP also oxidized 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and guaiacol but not veratryl alcohol. The optimal temperature for DyP activity was 30 degrees C, and DyP activity was stable even after incubation at 50 degrees C for 11 h. (+info)
Enzyme promiscuity
Enzymes are generally in a state that is not only a compromise between stability and catalytic efficiency, but also for ... However, using extant enzymes to determine how the family of enzymes evolved has the drawback that the newly evolved enzyme is ... Enzyme promiscuity is the ability of an enzyme to catalyse a fortuitous side reaction in addition to its main reaction. ... The most recent and most clear cut example of enzyme evolution is the rise of bioremediating enzymes in the past 60 years. Due ...
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
Such a disruption alters the folding pattern of the enzyme, ultimately compromising its stability and inhibiting its function ... FAD binding contributes significantly to overall enzyme stability. The acyl-CoA substrate is bound completely within each ... study of the effect of genetic defects on enzyme stability". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1690 (1): 22-32. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis. ... Differences in the enzyme occur based on the location of the active site along the amino acid sequence. ACADs are an important ...
Biodegradation
"Plastic-eating enzyme 'cocktail' heralds new hope for plastic waste". phys.org. Retrieved 12 October 2020. Knott, Brandon C.; ... Polymer Degradation and Stability. 80 (1): 127-134. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.453.4220. doi:10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00393-2. Carrington, ... In 2020, the PET degrading enzyme of the bacterium, PETase, has been genetically modified and combined with MHETase to break ... Polymer Degradation and Stability. 98 (12): 2583-2591. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.018. "Biodegradable Products ...
Industrial enzymes
Some aspects of enzymes that must be improved prior to implementation are stability, activity, inhibition by reaction products ... For example, enzymes used for diagnostic purposes must be separated to a higher purity than bulk industrial enzymes to prevent ... These forces are weak, and as a result, do not affect the structure of the enzyme. A wide variety of enzyme carriers may be ... The choice of a source of enzymes is an important step in the production of enzymes. It is common to examine the role of ...
Muconate lactonizing enzyme
Tommi K (2003). Structural evolution of function and stability in muconate lactonizing enzymes. University of Helsinki. ISBN ... Enzymes are very specific to their substrates and the formation of the product is dependent on the enzyme-substrate activity. ... Muconate lactonizing enzymes (EC 5.5.1.1, muconate cycloisomerase I, cis,cis-muconate-lactonizing enzyme, cis,cis-muconate ... The different structure that is resulted by the mutation in the muconate lactonizing enzyme is Cl-muconate lactonizing enzyme. ...
Immobilized enzyme
Stability: Immobilized enzymes typically have greater thermal and operational stability than the soluble form of the enzyme. In ... pH stability of enzyme, the availability of N- or C-termini to the reagent, non-interference of the enzyme terminus with the ... An immobilized enzyme is an enzyme attached to an inert, insoluble material-such as calcium alginate (produced by reacting a ... Cross-linkage: Enzyme molecules are covalently bonded to each other to create a matrix consisting of almost only enzyme. The ...
Enzyme assay
Cowan DA (1997). "Thermophilic proteins: stability and function in aqueous and organic solvents". Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. ... Enzyme activity as given in katal generally refers to that of the assumed natural target substrate of the enzyme. Enzyme ... They are vital for the study of enzyme kinetics and enzyme inhibition. The quantity or concentration of an enzyme can be ... enzyme activity). However, enzyme saturation limits reaction rates. An enzyme is saturated when the active sites of all the ...
Alan J. Russell
Cummings, Chad; Murata, Hironobu; Koepsel, Richard; Russell, Alan J. (2013). "Tailoring enzyme activity and stability using ... Russell's initial research centered on enzymes and from that study, Russell and his team described the first use of enzymes in ... Russell's enzyme stabilization technology was singled out for the U.S. Army's Top Ten Greatest Invention Award and products ... In addition, the team was the first to describe the use of pressure to control enzyme activity in supercritical fluids, the ...
Nanoparticle-biomolecule conjugate
"Enhanced stability of enzymes adsorbed onto nanoparticles". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 7 (4-5): 1675-1678. doi: ... An example of enzyme inhibition is given by binding of a-chymotrypsin (ChT), an enzyme with a largely cationic active site. ... Enzyme activity can be restored by the addition of cationic surfactants. Alkyl surfactants form a bilayer around ChT, whereas ... Though formation of a protein-nanoparticle complex can inhibit enzyme activity, studies show that it can also stabilize protein ...
Monocerin
Enolization then occurs to reach the stability of the aromatic ring. The modified chain is transferred to the TE domain. This ... a Polyketide Biosynthetic Enzyme from Dreschlera Monoceras: Purification and Properties". J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya. 3: 1-16. doi: ... and cyclisases are shown as domains of the Monocerin PKS and methyl transferase is considered to be a tailoring enzyme. ... will allow lactonization and release from the enzyme.: 72 Hydroxylation occurs at ortho-position to two substituents. O- ...
Cross-linked enzyme aggregate
Improved enzyme performance via enhanced stability, over a broad pH and temperature range as well as tolerance towards organic ... In biochemistry, a cross-linked enzyme aggregate is an immobilized enzyme prepared via cross-linking of the physical enzyme ... tailor-made enzymes for completely new applications where enzymes were not previously used. Today, enzymes are widely applied ... See Immobilized enzyme for more information. There are several reasons for immobilizing an enzyme. In addition to more ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
The phosphorylated threonine residue creates stability in the final enzyme conformation. It is important to note that ... Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, also known as cell division protein kinase 2, or Cdk2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ...
P53
"Regulation of p53 stability and function by the deubiquitinating enzyme USP42". The EMBO Journal. 30 (24): 4921-30. doi:10.1038 ... Deacetylase enzymes, such as Sirt1 and Sirt7, can deacetylate p53, leading to an inhibition of apoptosis. Some oncogenes can ... Wulf GM, Liou YC, Ryo A, Lee SW, Lu KP (December 2002). "Role of Pin1 in the regulation of p53 stability and p21 ... As such, p53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome" because of its role in conserving stability by preventing ...
GFAJ-1
O-1 and Halomonas elongata DSM2581: Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Recombinant Expression". Polymer Degradation and Stability. ... Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 38 (1-2): 148-154. doi:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.05.013. hdl:11336/45869. Oren, Aharon (June ...
Barnase
Serrano L, Kellis JT, Cann P, Matouschek A, Fersht AR (April 1992). "The folding of an enzyme. II. Substructure of barnase and ... the contribution of different interactions to protein stability". Journal of Molecular Biology. 224 (3): 783-804. doi:10.1016/ ... Matouschek A, Serrano L, Fersht AR (April 1992). "The folding of an enzyme. IV. Structure of an intermediate in the refolding ... Serrano L, Matouschek A, Fersht AR (April 1992). "The folding of an enzyme. III. Structure of the transition state for ...
Nanogel
"Encapsulation of Single Enzyme in Nanogel with Enhanced Biocatalytic Activity and Stability". Journal of the American Chemical ...
Biosensor
However, the sensor's lifetime is limited by the stability of the enzyme. Antibodies have a high binding constant in excess of ... easier to immobilize compared to cells and organelles the higher activity and stability from maintaining enzymes in the natural ... and purification of enzymes necessary cofactors for an enzyme to function exists the diversity providing a wide range of ... such enzymes are rightly called redox enzymes). The sensor substrate usually contains three electrodes; a reference electrode, ...
Inhibitor cystine knot
Knottins have high stability to pH, heat, and enzymes. Because of their stability and their favorable pharmacodynamic ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
It is important to ensure stability to the recognition element; such as antibodies, proteins, enzymes, under the experiment ... Moreover, the stability of the immobilized specimens will affect the sensitivity, and/or the limit of detection (LOD). One of ...
N-glycosyltransferase
Regular N-glycosyltransferases are oligosaccharide-transferring enzymes. Even though both enzyme families attach sugars to ... The process is important for the stability of the HMW1A protein. Notably, HMW1C uses the N-X-S/T sequon as a substrate, the ... Further, this enzyme uses preferably UDP-glucose over UDP-galactose, and can also use pentoses, mannose and GDP bound sugars ... Both enzyme families however target a shared amino acid sequence asparagine--any amino acid except proline-serine or threonine ...
Factor XIII
... a is an enzyme of the blood coagulation system that crosslinks fibrin. Deficiency of XIII worsens clot stability and ... As the enzyme is quite specific for monocytes and macrophages, determination of the presence of factor XIII may be used to ...
Nepenthesin
Integrated Enzyme Database (IntEnz). Amagase S, Nakayama S, Tsugita A (October 1969). "Acid protease in Nepenthes. II. Study on ... It is the only known protein with such a stability profile. The name nepenthesin was coined in 1968 by Shigeru Nakayama and ... He suggested the plants were making a digestive enzyme, for which he proposed the name "nepenthin". In the late 1960s, Josef ... Kubota K, Metoki Y, Athauda SB, Shibata C, Takahashi K (2010). "Stability Profiles of Nepenthesin in Urea and Guanidine ...
Evolvability
Wang X, Minasov G, Shoichet BK (June 2002). "Evolution of an antibiotic resistance enzyme constrained by stability and activity ... Thus, although the enzyme's activity is evolvable in the first sense, that does not mean that the enzyme's function is ... For example, consider an enzyme with multiple alleles in the population. Each allele catalyzes the same reaction, but with a ... For example, one reason many proteins are less robust to mutation is that they have marginal thermodynamic stability, and most ...
Flucloxacillin
... and dicloxacillin showed particular stability against the beta-lactamase enzyme of Staph. aureus and could ... Flucloxacillin is insensitive to beta-lactamase (also known as penicillinase) enzymes secreted by many penicillin-resistant ... and transient increases in liver enzymes and bilirubin. Rarely, in fewer than 1 in 1,000 people, cholestatic jaundice (also ...
Capping enzyme
5' capping is essential for mRNA stability, enhancing mRNA processing, mRNA export and translation. After successful capping, ... A capping enzyme (CE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of the 5' cap to messenger RNA molecules that are in the ... Capping enzymes are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Depending on the organism, the capping enzyme is either a ... When this complex of RNA polymerase II and the capping enzymes is achieved, the capping enzymes are able to add the cap to the ...
Polaribacter
However, carrageenase isolated from bacteria has historically had low enzyme activity and poor stability. Recently researchers ... and carrageenan degrading enzymes in Polaribacter species which colonize the surface of macroalgae. Agar degrading enzymes have ... Psychrophilic enzymes can also aid with heat labile or volatile compounds, allowing reactions to occur without significant ... With psychrophilic enzymes you can add slight heat to prevent any further reaction from occurring. Psychrophilic proteases ...
Shelley D. Minteer
She developed enzyme immobilization membranes to improve the stability of biosensor and biofuel electrodes. In 2003 Minteer and ... The fuel cells use JP-8, a kerosene based fuel cells used by the United States Armed Forces, as well as enzymes as catalysts to ... She works on enzyme cascades for bioelectrocatalysis as well as organelle bioelectrocatalysis for detection of microscopic ... Minteer field of study focuses on the interface between biocatalysts and enzyme-based electrodes for biofuel cells and sensors ...
Discovery and development of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
The derivative showed improved metabolic stability and excellent inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme. However, it was also found to ... That led to improved potency but also loss of chemical stability. Efforts to improve chemical stability often led to loss of ... After hydroxylation on the adamantyl group they had a product with better microsomal stability and improved chemical stability ... Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) are enzyme inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP- ...
Tretinoin
This lack of stability in the presence of light and oxidizing agents has led to the development of novel formulations of the ... Woggon, Wolf-D. (1 January 2002). "Oxidative cleavage of carotenoids catalyzed by enzyme models and beta-carotene 15,15´- ... "The Stability of Tretinoin in Tretinoin Gel Microsphere 0.1%". www.mdedge.com. Retrieved 14 May 2021. ... Martin; Meunier; Montels; Watts (1998). "Chemical stability of adapalene and tretinoin when combined with benzoyl peroxide in ...
Cold hardening
When temperature drops, the membrane fluidity, RNA and DNA stability, and enzyme activity change. These, in turn, affect ...
Uridine monophosphate synthase
... the OPRTase-OMPDCase complex increases the kinetic and thermal stability when compared to monofunctional enzymes. In H. sapiens ... In humans, the gene that codes for this enzyme is located on the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q13). This bifunctional enzyme has ... Other microorganisms with separated enzymes must retain higher concentrations to keep their enzymes in their more active ... the enzyme shows positive cooperativity. However, when enzyme concentrations are higher, these complex kinetics do not manifest ...
Norovirus
... or maintaining capsid stability. The protein MDA-5 may be the primary immune sensor that detects the presence of noroviruses in ... "Evaluation of two commercial enzyme immunoassays for the detection of norovirus in faecal samples from hospitalised children ...
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
c-Src should not be confused with CSK (C-terminal Src kinase), an enzyme that phosphorylates c-Src at its C-terminus and ... HSP90 inhibitor NVP-BEP800 has been described to affect stability of Src tyrosine kinase and growth of T-cell and B-cell acute ... "HSP90 inhibitor NVP-BEP800 affects stability of SRC kinases and growth of T-cell and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias". ...
Halobacterium salinarum
H. salinarum have been reported to be unable to grow on sugars, and therefore need to encode enzymes capable of performing ... The large chromosome is very G-C rich (68%). High GC-content of the genome increases stability in extreme environments. Whole ... The genome encodes DNA repair enzymes homologous to those in both bacteria and eukaryotes. This allows H. salinarum to repair ...
Indinavir
Liu F, Boross PI, Wang YF, Tozser J, Louis JM, Harrison RW, Weber IT (December 2005). "Kinetic, stability, and structural ... kickstarted their studies by basing their project off of earlier research on the protease enzyme, renin. They were the ones who ... published a paper that showed the three-dimensional structure of HIV's protease enzyme. Other researchers claim that this study ...
NOL1
Putative ribosomal RNA methyltransferase NOP2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOP2 gene. The protein encoded by ... Colombo E, Marine JC, Danovi D, Falini B, Pelicci PG (2002). "Nucleophosmin regulates the stability and transcriptional ...
Racemization
The configurational stability of a drug is therefore an area of interest in pharmaceutical research. The production and ... These polypeptides are less digestible by peptidases and are synthesized by bacterial enzymes instead of mRNA translation which ...
Orlistat
However, due to its relative simplicity and stability, orlistat was chosen over lipstatin for development as an anti-obesity ... Orlistat was also found to inhibit the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), an enzyme involved in the ... Orlistat works by inhibiting gastric and pancreatic lipases, the enzymes that break down triglycerides in the intestine. When ...
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin
The enzyme Sec translocase is found to be present on the inner membrane. Such Sec-dependent systems do not need to use energy, ... This increases the stability of the neck domain. There are seven different type of neck domains. They are as follows: ISneck1, ... It also contains a recognition site for signal peptidases, which means the enzyme will recognise the signal peptide and cleave ...
Nanomaterial-based catalyst
Besides conventional catalysis, nanomaterials have been explored for mimicking natural enzymes. The nanomaterials with enzyme ... The advantages are the increase in activity, selectivity and stability and the cost reduction. Metals can be combined in ... Many nanomaterials have been used to mimic varieties of natural enzymes, such as oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, SOD, nuclease, ... Leeuwen, Piet W.N.M. van; Chadwick, John C. Homogeneous catalysts : activity, stability, deactivation. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley ...
Sake
Kōji-kin is an enzyme-secreting fungus. In Japan, kōji-kin is used to make various fermented foods, including miso (a paste ... that makes it bitter as it ages Sake has high microbiological stability due to its high content of ethanol, but incidences[ ... enzymes that convert the rice starches into maltose and glucose). This conversion of starch into simple sugars (e.g. glucose or ...
Biometal (biology)
Enzymes that use manganese as a co-factor are known as "manganoproteins." These proteins include enzymes, like oxidoreductases ... calcium and this abundance is reflected in its lack of redox toxicity and its participation in the structure stability of ... It plays a key role in the function of enzymes like cytochrome a, b and c as well as iron-sulfur complexes which play an ... It is most commonly used as a co-factor in eukaryotes and functions as an important functional key in enzymes like RNA ...
Sodium hypochlorite
According to one US patent, the stability of sodium hypochlorite content of solids or solutions can be determined by monitoring ... The undissociated (nonionized) hypochlorous acid is believed to react with and inactivate bacterial and viral enzymes. ...
Chlorophyll fluorescence
This is due to; 1. more "photochemical quenching" in which electrons are transported away from PSII due to enzymes involved in ... Lu and Zhang (1999) studied heat stress in wheat plants and found that temperature stability in the Photosystem II of water- ... 2011). "Differential responses of antioxidant enzymes in pioneer and late-successional tropical tree species grown under sun ...
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
In terms of stability with response to temperature, both enzymes had a similar Tm or melting temperature at about 55 °C to 60 ° ... NADPH-dependent enzymes, NADH-dependent enzymes, Enzymes of known structure). ... which is observed throughout many studies done on prokaryotic enzymes. Eukaryotic isocitrate dehydrogenase enzymes on the other ... The enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) holds isocitrate within its active site using the surrounding amino acids, including ...
C286
It has no significant inhibition IC50 > 25 μM against five cytochrome P450 enzymes (1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4), and shows very ... high stability in human microsomes, It was found to possess a good oral bioavailability in both rat (80%) and dog (45%). with a ...
Sulfoxide
The enzyme DMSO reductase catalyzes the interconversion of DMSO and dimethylsulfide. Naturally-occurring chiral sulfoxides ... CH3S(O)CH2CH2R → CH3SOH + CH2=CHR The acids are powerful antioxidants, but lack long-term stability. Some parent sulfoxides are ...
Bioluminescence
Photoproteins are thus enzymes, but with unusual reaction kinetics. Furthermore, some of the blue light released by aequorin in ... for Plant Gene Trapping and for Assay of Promoter Activity with Luciferin-Dependent Control of the Reporter Protein Stability ... Conversely, luciferase enzymes vary widely and tend to be different in each species. Bioluminescence occurs widely among ... If selection were to favor a mutation in the oxygenase enzyme required for the breakdown of pigment molecules (molecules often ...
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
The structural site has been shown to be important for maintaining the long term stability of the enzyme. More than 40 severe ... which reduces the stability of the enzyme. Cells sense extracellular oxidative stimuli to decrease G6PD acetylation in a SIRT2- ... thus affecting the long term stability of these enzymes in the body, ultimately resulting in G6PD deficiency. For example, two ... Its purpose in the enzyme catalyzed reaction has been unclear for many years. For some time, it was thought that NADP+ binding ...
N-end rule
November 2017). "PfClpC Is an Essential Clp Chaperone Required for Plastid Integrity and Clp Protease Stability in Plasmodium ... Secondary destabilising residues are modified by the attachment of a Primary destabilising residue by the enzyme leucyl/ ... Complexities of Amino-Terminal Protein Maturation and Stability". Plant Physiology. 169 (3): 1881-96. doi:10.1104/pp.15.01214. ...
Microtubule
Enzymes related to TTL add the initial branching glutamate (TTL4,5 and 7), while other enzymes that belong to the same family ... In contrast, heavy water promotes microtubule polymer stability. MAPs have been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation ... Bakhoum SF, Thompson SL, Manning AL, Compton DA (January 2009). "Genome stability is ensured by temporal control of kinetochore ... However, once the microtubule depolymerizes, most of these modifications are rapidly reversed by soluble enzymes. Since most ...
Histone methyltransferase
This interplay between the pre-SET domain and the catalytic core is critical for enzyme function. In order for the reaction to ... Histone methylation is a principal epigenetic modification of chromatin that determines gene expression, genomic stability, ... Histone-Modifying Enzymes Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Histone deacetylase (HDAC) RNA polymerase control by chromatin ... Instead of SET, non-SET domain-containing histone methyltransferase utilizes the enzyme Dot1. Unlike the SET domain, which ...
7SK RNA
The gamma phosphate at the 5' end of 7SK is methylated by the methylphosphate capping enzyme MEPCE which is a constitutive ... 7SK is found in a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (snRNP) with a number of other proteins that regulate the stability ... of the protein interaction network for the human transcription machinery reveals the identity of the 7SK capping enzyme". ...
MIR195
The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor ... are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability ...
Binding selectivity
If solubility in the organic phase is not an issue, a selectivity coefficient is equal to the ratio of the stability constants ... Srinivasan, Bharath (March 2022). "A guide to enzyme kinetics in early drug discovery". The FEBS Journal. doi:10.1111/febs. ...
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
This enzyme is required for the complete reaction of at least five different multi-enzyme complexes. Additionally, DLD is a ... which has been attributed to varying effects of different DLD mutations on the stability of the protein and its ability to ... Although the overall fold of the human enzyme is similar to that of yeast, the human structure is different in that it has two ... The enzyme associates into tightly bound homodimers required for its enzymatic activity. Lipoamide Dihydrolipoamide The protein ...
Glucose syrup
The enzyme breaks the starch into oligosaccharides, which are then broken into glucose molecules by adding the enzyme ... improving its colour and stability. The dilute glucose syrup is finally evaporated under vacuum to raise the solids ... The starch needs to be swelled to allow the enzymes or acid to act upon it. When grain is used, sulfur dioxide is added to ... Currently, glucose syrup is mainly produced by first adding the enzyme α-amylase to a mixture of corn starch and water. α- ...
Julius Youngner
... phenotypic stability, restricted spread and efficacy against heterologous virus challenge". Equine Veterinary Journal. 33 (7): ... Youngner demonstrated the separation of monkey kidney cells using the pancreatic enzyme trypsin, a technique previously proven ...
Browsing by Subject "Enzyme Stability"
The common K333Q polymorphism in long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) reduces enzyme stability and function - PubMed
The fatty acid oxidation enzyme long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) is expressed at high levels in human alveolar type II ... reduces enzyme stability and function Megan E Beck 1 , Yuxun Zhang 1 , Sivakama S Bharathi 1 , Beata Kosmider 2 , Karim Bahmed ... The common K333Q polymorphism in long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) reduces enzyme stability and function Megan E Beck et ... A) In human IVD, an enzyme closely related to LCAD, the lysine equivalent to K333 is residue K325. In the crystal structure of ...
Posttranslational stability of the heme biosynthetic enzyme ferrochelatase is dependent on iron availability and intact iron...
... the terminal enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, possesses an iron-sulfur [2Fe-2S] cluster that does not participate in ... Posttranslational stability of the heme biosynthetic enzyme ferrochelatase is dependent on iron availability and intact iron- ... Posttranslational stability of the heme biosynthetic enzyme ferrochelatase is dependent on iron availability and intact iron- ... However, the stability of newly formed ferrochelatase protein was dramatically decreased during iron deficiency. Ferrochelatase ...
Eliglustat maintains long-term clinical stability in patients with Gaucher disease type 1 stabilized on enzyme therapy. |...
Eliglustat maintains long-term clinical stability in patients with Gaucher disease type 1 stabilized on enzyme therapy. ... Eliglustat maintains long-term clinical stability in patients with Gaucher disease type 1 stabilized on enzyme therapy. Journal ... Clinical stability assessed by composite and individual measures was maintained in adults with Gaucher disease type 1 treated ... in Patients With Gaucher Disease Who Have Reached Therapeutic Goals With Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ENCORE), at 1 year, ...
Subjects: Enzyme Stability and Pyrococcus furiosus / Genre: Archival Materials and Articles - Digital Collections - National...
Subjects: Enzyme Stability - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine Search Results
A review of enzyme design in catalytic stability by artificial intelligence. | Brief Bioinform;24(3)2023 05 19. | MEDLINE ...
... the flexibility and stability of the structure are adjusted, thus controlling the catalytic stability of the enzyme in a ... A review of enzyme design in catalytic stability by artificial intelligence.. Ming, Yongfan; Wang, Wenkang; Yin, Rui; Zeng, Min ... The first principle of the enzyme catalytic stability design is to treat amino acids as the basic element. By designing the ... The design of enzyme catalytic stability is of great significance in medicine and industry. However, traditional methods are ...
Complement C5a Human Enzyme | C5a Protein | ProSpec
Postmortem Stability of Enzymes Detoxifying Peroxide In Brain<...
Postmortem Stability of Enzymes Detoxifying Peroxide In Brain. / Brannan, Timothy S.; Maker, Howard S.; Bernstein, Mitchell. In ... Postmortem Stability of Enzymes Detoxifying Peroxide In Brain. In: Journal of Neurochemistry. 1982 ; Vol. 39, No. 2. pp. 589- ... Brannan, T. S., Maker, H. S., & Bernstein, M. (1982). Postmortem Stability of Enzymes Detoxifying Peroxide In Brain. Journal of ... Brannan TS, Maker HS, Bernstein M. Postmortem Stability of Enzymes Detoxifying Peroxide In Brain. Journal of Neurochemistry. ...
Biodegradable polyethylene glycol hydrogels for sustained release and enhanced stability of rhGALNS enzyme<...
keywords = "Bioactivity, Enzyme replacement therapy, Enzyme stability, GALNS, Hydrogel, Morquio A disease, Polyethylene glycol ... to improve enzyme stability and bioavailability, and to sustain release. We established the enzymes release profile via bulk ... to improve enzyme stability and bioavailability, and to sustain release. We established the enzymes release profile via bulk ... to improve enzyme stability and bioavailability, and to sustain release. We established the enzymes release profile via bulk ...
Cellobiohydrolase I enzymes (Patent) | DOE Patents
Effect of introducing proline residues on the stability of Aspergillus awamori journal, October 1997 * Li, Y.; Reilly, P. J.; ... Transcriptional Regulation of Biomass-degrading Enzymes in the Filamentous Fungus Trichoderma reesei journal, June 2003 * ... title = {Cellobiohydrolase I enzymes},. author = {Adney, William S and Himmel, Michael E and Decker, Stephen R and Knoshaug, ... Probing the role of N-linked glycans in the stability and activity of fungal cellobiohydrolases by mutational analysis journal ...
The quorum-quenching lactonase from Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus: purification, characterization, crystallization and...
Lactonases are enzymes that are capable of hydrolyzing various lactones such as aliphatic lactones or acyl-homoserine lactones ... Here, we show that GcL is a thermostable enzyme with a half-life at 75°C of 152.5 ± 10 min. Remarkably, it is also shown that ... Lactonases are enzymes that are capable of hydrolyzing various lactones such as aliphatic lactones or acyl-homoserine lactones ... Enzyme Stability * Escherichia coli / genetics * Escherichia coli / metabolism * Gene Expression * Geobacillus / chemistry* ...
Production and Partial Characterization of α-Amylase Enzyme from Marine Actinomycetes
... thermal stability of 70°C for 40 min, and salt concentration of 1 M with Km and Vmax of 6.58 mg/ml ... i,α,/i,-Amylase was particularly active at pH 6 and 65°C. The purified enzyme was most active at 65° ... There are a limited number of reports investigating the marine environment; hence, in the present study, four marine enzymes ... amylase enzyme by ,i,S. rochei,/i, KR108310 leads to production of significant industrial products. ...
Biomarkers Search
Krabbe Disease Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes
Her stability was explained by relatively higher GALC enzyme activity. In addition, this patient presented with new features of ... Cerebroside galactosidase: a method for determination and a comparison with other lysosomal enzymes in developing rat brain. J ... 50, 51, 34] However, there is no known correlation between enzyme activity and age of onset. ... All homozygous individuals with deficient GALC enzyme activity have symptoms, which are confirmed with either physical ...
Differential global distribution of marine picocyanobacteria gene clusters reveals distinct niche-related adaptive strategies |...
Publication Detail
Comparison of the stability of the enzyme in the solution phase versus immobilized on the membrane phase showed a loss of some ... 65% of enzyme activity in the solution phase after 22 d, whereas the membrane-bound enzyme lost only a negligible percentage of ... Title: Layer-by-Layer-Assembled Laccase Enzyme on Stimuli-Responsive Membranes for Chloro-Organics Degradation. ... Regeneration of the functionalized membrane was also validated by dislodging the immobilized enzyme, followed by immobilization ...
Publications Erik Neyts | Erik Neyts | University of Antwerp
Energies | Free Full-Text | A Review on Bio-Based Catalysts (Immobilized Enzymes) Used for Biodiesel Production
A solution to overcome the said limitations can be to consider the use of nanostructures to support enzyme immobilization, thus ... The immobilization of enzymes in solid carriers results in increasing chemical and thermal chemical stability, as well, and, ... Brena, B.M.; Batista-Viera, F. Immobilization of Enzymes. In Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells; Guisan, J.M., Ed.; Humana ... Lalonde, J.; Margolin, A. Immobilization of Enzymes. In Enzyme Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: A Comprehensive Handbook; Drauz ...
Frontiers | Known Evolutionary Paths Are Accessible to Engineered ß-Lactamases Having Altered Protein Motions at the Timescale...
... thermal stability, catalytic and substrate recognition profiles. Introduction of substitutions E014K and G238S, that are known ... thermal stability, catalytic, and substrate recognition profiles. Introduction of substitutions E104K and G238S, that are known ... Wang, X., Minasov, G., and Shoichet, B. K. (2002). Evolution of an antibiotic resistance enzyme constrained by stability and ... Enzyme Kinetics. Kinetic parameters for cefotaxime hydrolysis were determined at 27°C in a Cary 100 Bio UV-Visible (Agilent) ...
RFA-CA-14-016: The Early Detection Research Network: Biomarker Reference Laboratories (U24)
Creator: Krutzsch, Henry C. - Christian B. Anfinsen - Profiles in Science Search Results
ACAD9 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
The ACAD9 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that is found in mitochondria, the energy-producing structures inside ... Other mutations affect the ACAD9 enzymes structure or stability and likely disrupt both complex I assembly and long-chain ... The ACAD9 enzyme is critical in helping assemble a group of proteins known as complex I. Complex I is one of several complexes ... The ACAD9 enzyme also plays a role in fatty acid oxidation, a multistep process that occurs within mitochondria to break down ( ...
NIH VideoCast - Roles of Mammalian Mre11 in Genomic Stability and Development
1.3.1.47: alpha-santonin 1,2-reductase - BRENDA Enzyme Database
Research - Robert Crouch Lab | NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
The "basic protrusion" of the enzyme has extensive interactions with the hybrid, adding to the stability of the complex. ... The N- and C-terminal domains are connected by 65 amino acids in the human enzyme and by 64 in the mouse enzyme. The length and ... Ribonucleases H are enzymes that recognize RNA/DNA hybrids and digest the RNA. Two types of cellular RNases H are known, ... The enzyme recognizes at least four hydroxyl groups of the ribose, with the DNA significantly distorted so that one phosphate ...
RFA-CA-09-019: The Early Detection Research Network: Biomarker Reference Laboratories (U24)
Proteolytic enzymesControlling the catalyticStorage StabilityCatalyticEnzymaticAminoMetabolicMoleculesStabilizationProteinsSirtuinsBindsActivity and stabilityProtein StabilityMembraneDegradeCharacterizationDetergentNucleicBiologicalRegulationMethylationMetabolismFrameworksInteractionsEnzymologyTissuesSequenceResistanceGenomeSyntheticStablePathwayCirculationStructuresImproveSpecificStructureDesignNaturalPropertiesHumanIncludePlays a roleHighlyFoundCostAffectFunctionDrug
Proteolytic enzymes1
- The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat. (bvsalud.org)
Controlling the catalytic1
- By designing the sequence of an enzyme , the flexibility and stability of the structure are adjusted, thus controlling the catalytic stability of the enzyme in a specific industrial environment or in an organism. (bvsalud.org)
Storage Stability1
- Attractively, the SAN presented much better storage stability and robustness against harsh environments. (cdc.gov)
Catalytic6
- A review of enzyme design in catalytic stability by artificial intelligence. (bvsalud.org)
- The design of enzyme catalytic stability is of great significance in medicine and industry . (bvsalud.org)
- In addition, the challenges of design of enzyme catalytic stability include insufficient structured data, large sequence search space, inaccurate quantitative prediction, low efficiency in experimental validation and a cumbersome design process. (bvsalud.org)
- The first principle of the enzyme catalytic stability design is to treat amino acids as the basic element . (bvsalud.org)
- Possible effects of the various point mutations on the structural stability or the catalytic competence of the enzyme are discussed in light of the three-dimensional structure. (rcsb.org)
- Increased stability at acidic pH, which strongly increases the oxidizing power of these enzymes, was observed paralleling the appearance of the exposed catalytic tryptophan. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymatic1
- To address this issue, we have generated MLL4 enzyme-dead knock-in (KI) embryonic stem (ES) cells and mice, which carry Y5477A/Y5523A/Y5563A mutations in the enzymatic SET domain of the MLL4 protein. (nih.gov)
Amino2
- Many of these mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the PTEN enzyme or lead to the production of an abnormally short version of the enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
- The N- and C-terminal domains are connected by 65 amino acids in the human enzyme and by 64 in the mouse enzyme. (nih.gov)
Metabolic3
- Enzymes, in vivo biocatalysis, and metabolic engineering for enabling a circular economy and sustainability. (nature.com)
- Key advantages of using these assemblies include optimizing reaction conditions, improving metabolic flux and increasing enzyme stability. (mdpi.com)
- Sirtuins are a group of enzymes involved in metabolic regulation and cellular health. (nih.gov)
Molecules2
- Several studies have shown that cancer cells display an adaptive response to oxidative stress by increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes and molecules. (hindawi.com)
- Exploring the types of interactions responsible for structural stabilities of its component protein molecules constitutes one of the approaches to find a destabilization method for the virion particle. (jascoinc.com)
Stabilization1
- 1. Design and optimize an amphiphilic polymer-based solubilization / stabilization system for UGT1A1 that will maintain enzyme activity. (nih.gov)
Proteins4
- The PTEN enzyme modifies other proteins and fats (lipids) by removing phosphate groups, each of which consists of a cluster of oxygen and phosphorus atoms. (medlineplus.gov)
- 300 enzymes, and in the metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids (WHO 2001). (cdc.gov)
- DNMT1 stability is regulated by proteins coordinating deubiquitination and acetylation-driven ubiquitination. (nih.gov)
- We describe a previously unknown mode of regulation of DNMT1 protein stability through the coordinated action of an array of DNMT1-associated proteins. (nih.gov)
Sirtuins2
- SIRT1 belongs to a family of highly conserved NAD + -dependent protein modification enzymes called sirtuins. (nih.gov)
- These NAD + -dependent activities enable sirtuins to monitor cellular energy status and modulate gene transcription, energy metabolism, and genome stability in response to environmental signals. (nih.gov)
Binds2
- To function, the PTEN enzyme attaches (binds) to another PTEN enzyme (dimerizes) then binds to the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
- Eukaryotic RNases H have an N-terminal domain (absent from the bacterial enzyme) that binds to RNA/DNA, conferring processivity to the enzyme (Gaidamakov et al. (nih.gov)
Activity and stability2
- The enzyme activity and stability contained in the natural strains cannot meet the requirements of industrial production, and the strains need to be screened and improved. (selfgrowth.com)
- Carbapenems have an ultra-broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and stability to almost all clinically relevant beta-lactamases. (nih.gov)
Protein Stability2
- Furthermore, we show that ectopic expression of histone H3.3 lysine 4-to-methionine (K4M) mutant, which reduces endogenous H3K4 methylation levels in ES cells, decreases the protein stability of MLL3 and MLL4 but not that of H3K4 methyltransferases SET1A (KMT2F) and SET1B (KMT2G). (nih.gov)
- Taken together, our findings indicate that MLL4 protein stability is tightly regulated by its H3K4 methyltransferase activity. (nih.gov)
Membrane1
- Improving the Theranostic Potential of Exendin 4 by Reducing the Renal Radioactivity through Brush Border Membrane Enzyme-Mediated Degradation. (nih.gov)
Degrade2
- HIV-AIDS, MtDis and AGS are all affected by ribonucleases H (RNases H), enzymes that degrade the RNA strand of RNA/DNA hybrids including R-loops. (nih.gov)
- Biochemical changes were analyzed together with predicted sequences and structures, to understand how these enzymes acquired the ability to degrade lignin and how this ability changed with time. (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization1
- Huang, S., Chen, G. & Ouyang, G. Confining enzymes in porous organic frameworks: from synthetic strategy and characterization to healthcare applications. (nature.com)
Detergent4
- It is mainly used in the enzyme detergent industry, and it is also widely used in industries such as tanning, silk, feed, medicine, food, and environmental protection. (selfgrowth.com)
- Detergent formulations containing cationic nitriles are shown to exhibit enhanced stain removal, enhanced starchy soil removal and enhanced enzyme stability as compared to similar formulations containing TAED. (sumobrain.com)
- Field of the Disclosure The present disclosure relates to detergent compositions that contain both bleaching compounds and enzymes. (sumobrain.com)
- Background It is well known that enzymes are useful for enhancing the soil/stain removal properties in detergent compositions. (sumobrain.com)
Nucleic1
- The use of protein or nucleic acid scaffolds to enhance enzyme properties has been reported for applications such as microbial production of chemicals, biosensor development and bioremediation. (mdpi.com)
Biological2
- In addition, the mentioned macromolecules cooperate to provide primitive translation abilities, so the information, coded in RNA-sequences, is translated into enzymes, analogously to the usual translation processes in biological objects. (ac.be)
- 2-Oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (2-OGDD) superfamily consists of several enzymes that have diverse roles in various biological processes, for example, the oxygen-dependent regulation of hypoxia-responsive HIFs, post-translational modifications of collagens, DNA demethylation, and other cellular functions. (oulu.fi)
Regulation1
- How these enzymes recognize and cleave the RNA is important for our understanding of the biology of these diverse events and for possible regulation of RNase H activity. (nih.gov)
Methylation1
- DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is the primary enzyme that maintains DNA methylation. (nih.gov)
Metabolism2
- The long-term goal of Metabolism, Genes, and Environment Group is to understand how cellular metabolism mediates environmental influences on cellular functions through interaction with epigenetic modification enzymes, and to further investigate how dysregulation of this interplay contributes to pathogenesis of diseases and aging. (nih.gov)
- Enzymes of naphthalene metabolism by Pseudomonas fluorescens 26K strain (2010), Biochemistry (Moscow) , 75, 562-569. (brenda-enzymes.info)
Frameworks1
- In situ polymerization on nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for enhanced physiological stability and stimulus-responsive intracellular drug delivery. (nih.gov)
Interactions1
- The "basic protrusion" of the enzyme has extensive interactions with the hybrid, adding to the stability of the complex. (nih.gov)
Enzymology1
- Creative Enzymes is a remarkable supplier and manufacturer in the Enzymology field. (selfgrowth.com)
Tissues3
- Although it alleviates some symptoms, replacing GALNS enzyme poses several challenges including very fast clearance from circulation and instability at 37 °C. These constraints affect frequency and cost of enzyme infusion and ability to reach all tissues. (syr.edu)
- The PTEN gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that is found in almost all tissues in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
- Evidence suggests that this enzyme also helps control cell movement (migration), the sticking (adhesion) of cells to surrounding tissues, and the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). (medlineplus.gov)
Sequence2
- Achieving these goals sometimes goes beyond modifying the primary sequence of the enzyme itself. (mdpi.com)
- After sequence reconstruction from 113 genes of ten sequenced genomes, the main enzyme intermediates were resurrected and characterized. (biomedcentral.com)
Resistance1
- The main goal is to improve enzyme activity, stability (temperature and alkali resistance), anti-oxidation and anti-chelation properties. (selfgrowth.com)
Genome1
- We study mechanisms of reactions that impact the stability of the linear organization of the genome, as well as the 3-dimensional dynamics involved in the heritance of bacterial chromosomes. (nih.gov)
Synthetic1
- Enzyme engineering is an indispensable tool in the field of synthetic biology, where enzymes are challenged to carry out novel or improved functions. (mdpi.com)
Stable1
- This enzyme is stable at pH 6-10, and is quickly inactivated at pH below 6 or above 11. (selfgrowth.com)
Pathway1
- The PTEN enzyme is part of a chemical pathway that signals cells to stop dividing and triggers cells to self-destruct through a process called apoptosis. (medlineplus.gov)
Circulation1
- An Albumin Sandwich Enhances in Vivo Circulation and Stability of Metabolically Labile Peptides. (nih.gov)
Structures1
- Enzymes are outstanding natural catalysts with exquisite 3D structures, initiating countless life-sustaining biotransformations in living systems. (nature.com)
Improve3
- In this study, we developed injectable and biodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels, loaded with recombinant human GALNS (rhGALNS) to improve enzyme stability and bioavailability, and to sustain release. (syr.edu)
- Further processing for either type is often used to enhance stability and sensory and nutritional properties, while adding other ingredients (e.g., sweeteners, flavors, and oils) can help improve flavor and consumer acceptance. (preparedfoods.com)
- Also, if we identify the elements that confer this stability or new activity we can improve extant enzymes by rational design. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific1
- Lower GGT activity was shown to result from reduced specific GGT activity, or dimerization defects, or enzyme stability problems of LH3. (oulu.fi)
Structure3
- The flexible structure of an enzyme, however, is highly susceptible to non-physiological environments, which greatly limits its large-scale industrial applications. (nature.com)
- The cyclic organization of the hypercycle ensures its structure stability. (ac.be)
- The replication enzymes ensure the more accurate RNAs' replication as compared with quasispecies, providing opportunities for further macromolecular structure improvements. (ac.be)
Design2
- They are proposed for algorithm -driven and data-driven enzyme design through artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms including natural language processing , machine learning , deep learning , variational autoencoder/generative adversarial network, message passing neural network (MPNN). (bvsalud.org)
- This protocol can provide a useful methodology to efficiently encapsulate enzymes and design biocatalytic HOF materials. (nature.com)
Natural1
- However, most of currently developed nanozymes show much lower activity in comparison with natural enzymes, and the deficiency greatly hinders their use in sensing and biomedicine. (cdc.gov)
Properties1
- Both properties contribute to the specificities of the enzyme. (nih.gov)
Human1
- Imipenem is coadministered with cilastatin, an inhibitor of human renal dehydropeptidase I, as imipenem is hydrolysed by this enzyme. (nih.gov)
Include1
- Issues with plant-based milks include beany or off flavors, enzyme inhibitors, anti-nutritional factors, protein solubility, and emulsion stability. (preparedfoods.com)
Plays a role1
- Additionally, it likely plays a role in maintaining the stability of a cell's genetic information. (medlineplus.gov)
Highly2
- As a result, a series of enzymes with different surface chemistries are able to be encapsulated within a highly crystalline HOF-101 scaffold, which has long-range ordered mesochannels. (nature.com)
- Interestingly, enzyme-dead MLL4 protein in ES cells is highly unstable. (nih.gov)
Found1
- This enzyme was first found in the pancreas of pigs. (selfgrowth.com)
Cost1
- Due to robustness, easy large-scale preparation and low cost, nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (defined as 'nanozymes') are attracting increasing interest for various applications. (cdc.gov)
Affect1
- Acidity regulators are used for controlling the pH of foods for stability or to affect activity of enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
Function4
- Enzymes with this function are called phosphatases. (medlineplus.gov)
- These mutations impair the tumor suppressor function of the PTEN enzyme, allowing cells to grow and divide without control or order. (medlineplus.gov)
- These mutations lead to the production of a PTEN enzyme that does not function properly or does not work at all. (medlineplus.gov)
- Dr. Ten Hagen's lab studies the enzyme family and factors that regulate protein O-glycosylation and how this conserved protein modification influences organ development and function, to better understand how aberrations contribute to disease. (nih.gov)
Drug1
- Studies suggest that a loss of functional PTEN enzyme is also related to poor responsiveness to a drug called trastuzumab (Herceptin), which is used to treat breast cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
