Environmental Pollution
Air Pollution
Metals, Heavy
Fluoride Poisoning
Environmental Pollutants
Air Pollutants
Environmental Exposure
Environmental Monitoring
Industrial Waste
Industry
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Environmental Health
Soil Pollutants
Lead
Cadmium
Biodegradation, Environmental
Particulate Matter
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Vehicle Emissions
Ozone
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Epidemiological Monitoring
Water Pollution, Chemical
The role of domestic factors and day-care attendance on lung function of primary school children. (1/630)
The results of studies examining the relationship of domestic factors to lung function are contradictory. We therefore examined the independent effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), the presence of a cat, type of heating and cooking used in the home and day-care attendance on lung function after controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). Nine hundred and eighty-nine children from 18 Montreal schools were studied between April 1990 and November 1992. Information on the child's health and exposure to domestic factors was collected by questionnaire. Spirometry was performed at school. The data were analysed by multiple linear regression with percent predicted FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC as dependent variables. In the overall sample (both sexes combined), cat in the home (regression coefficient, beta = -1.15, 95% confidence interval, CI: -2.26-(-)0.05) and electric baseboard units (beta = -1.26, 95% CI: -2.39-(-)0.13) were independently associated with a lower FEV1/FVC, while day-care attendance (beta = -2.05, 95% CI: -3.71-(-)0.40) significantly reduced FEV1. Household ETS was significantly associated with increasing level of FVC (beta = 2.86, 95% CI: +0.55 to +5.17). In boys but not girls, household ETS (beta = -2.13, 95% CI: -4.07-(-)0.19) and the presence of a cat (beta = -2.19, 95% CI: -3.94-(-)0.45) were associated with lower FEV1/FVC. By contrast, day-care attendance was associated with lower FEV1 (beta = -2.92, 95% CI: -5.27-(-)0.56) and FEV1/FVC (beta = -1.53, 95% CI: -2.73-(-)0.33) in girls only. In conclusion, the results provide evidence that domestic factors and day-care attendance primarily affected airway caliber and gender differences were apparent in the effects of these factors. (+info)Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and apoptosis in benign prostatic hyperplasia before and after the Chernobyl accident in Ukraine. (2/630)
The prevalence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in men who underwent surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) before and after the Chernobyl nuclear accident was studied. BPH samples were obtained by adenomectomy from 45 patients operated in 1984 before the accident (Group I), and 47 patients from the low contaminated Kiev City (Group II) and 76 from high contaminated area (Group III) operated between 1996 and 1998. Their BPH samples were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. The incidences of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and high grade PIN (HGPIN) were 15.5 and 11.1% in Group I, 29.8 and 14.9% in Grpoup II, and 35. 5 and 19.7% in Group III. The difference between the incidences of PIN in Group I and III is significant (p<0.02). There was increased apoptosis in areas of PIN in Group II and III as compared to Group I (p<0.001). Since apoptosis has been shown to be associated with ionizing radiation and it is now found to be associated with PIN in patients diagnosed after the Chernobyl nuclear accident, this suggests that long-term low dose internal ionizing radiation potentially may cause prostate cancer. (+info)8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a major mutagenic oxidative DNA lesion, and DNA strand breaks in nasal respiratory epithelium of children exposed to urban pollution. (3/630)
Southwest metropolitan Mexico City children are repeatedly exposed to high levels of a complex mixture of air pollutants, including ozone, particulate matter, aldehydes, metals, and nitrogen oxides. We explored nasal cell 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a major mutagenic lesion producing G-->T transversion mutations, using an immunohistochemical method, and DNA single strand breaks (ssb) using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay as biomarkers of oxidant exposure. Nasal biopsies from the posterior inferior turbinate were examined in children in grades one through five, including 12 controls from a low-polluted coastal town and 87 Mexico City children. Each biopsy was divided for the 8-OHdG and DNA ssb assays. There was an age-dependent increase in the percentage of nasal cells with DNA tails > 10 microm in Mexico City children: 19 +/- 9% for control cells, and 43 +/- 4, 50 +/- 16, 56 +/- 17, 60 +/- 17 and 73 +/- 14%, respectively, for first through fifth graders (p < 0.05). Nasal ssb were significantly higher in fifth graders than in first graders (p < 0.05). Higher levels (2.3- to 3-fold) of specific nuclear staining for 8-OHdG were observed in exposed children as compared to controls (p < 0.05). These results suggest that DNA damage is present in nasal epithelial cells in Mexico City children. Persistent oxidative DNA damage may ultimately result in a selective growth of pr eneoplastic nasal initiated cells in this population and the potential for nasal neoplasms may increase with age. The combination of 8-OHdG and DNA ssb should be useful for monitoring oxidative damage in people exposed to polluted atmospheres. (+info)Plasma jet takes off. (4/630)
Thanks to a series of joint research projects by Los Alamos National Laboratory, Beta Squared of Allen, Texas, and the University of California at Los Angeles, there is now a more environmentally sound method for cleaning semiconductor chips that may also be effective in cleaning up chemical, bacterial, and nuclear contaminants. The Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet uses a type of ionized gas called plasma to clean up contaminants by binding to them and lifting them away. In contrast to the corrosive acids and chemical solvents traditionally used to clean semiconductor chips, the jet oxidizes contaminants, producing only benign gaseous by-products such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. The new technology is also easy to transport, cleans thoroughly and quickly, and presents no hazards to its operators. (+info)Consumption and production waste: another externality of tobacco use. (5/630)
OBJECTIVE: To describe the waste produced by and environmental implications of individual cigarette consumption (filter tips, packages, and cartons) and tobacco manufacturing. STUDY SELECTION: All available articles and reports published since 1970 related to cigarette consumption and production waste were reviewed. DATA SOURCES: Global cigarette consumption data were used to estimate cigarette butt and packaging waste quantities. Data from the Center for Marine Conservation's International Coastal Cleanup Project were used to describe some environmental impacts of tobacco-related trash. Data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Toxics Release Inventory and reported global cigarette consumption totals were used to estimate waste production from cigarette manufacturing. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: In 1995, an estimated 5.535 trillion cigarettes (27,675 million cartons and 276,753 million packages) were sold by the tobacco industry globally. Some of the wastes from these products were properly deposited, but a large amount of tobacco consumption waste ends up in the environment. Some is recovered during environmental clean-up days. For the past eight years (1990-1997), cigarette butts have been the leading item found during the International Coastal Cleanup Project; they accounted for 19.1% of all items collected in 1997. The tobacco manufacturing process produces liquid, solid, and airborne waste. Among those wastes, some materials, including nicotine, are designated by the EPA as Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals. These are possible environmental health hazards. In 1995, the global tobacco industry produced an estimated 2262 million kilograms of manufacturing waste and 209 million kilograms of chemical waste. In addition, total nicotine waste produced in the manufacture of reduced nicotine cigarettes was estimated at 300 million kilograms. CONCLUSIONS: Laws against littering relative to cigarette butts could be better enforced. Additional taxes might be levied on cigarette products that would then be directed to environmental clean-up efforts. The tobacco industry should improve the biodegradability of filters, reduce packaging waste, and educate its customers. Worksites and public buildings should be encouraged or required to supply appropriate disposal mechanisms at all building entrances. Public awareness campaigns about the magnitude and prevention of cigarette consumption waste could be developed through partnerships among environmental groups, health organisations, and environmental protection agencies. Tobacco production waste should be a source of concern and regulation by governments throughout the world; it contains numerous chemicals which may be considered health hazards, not the least of which is nicotine produced in the manufacture of low-nicotine cigarettes. (+info)Experimental studies on environmental contamination with infected blood during haemodialysis. (6/630)
To assess the relative importance of different postulated modes of spread of hepatitis B in dialysis units, blood charged with various tracer organisms was used in simulated haemodialysis runs in four laboratories, and the resulting contamination of equipment and environment was measured semi-quantitatively. Some airborne spread of the tracer organism occurred when tubing containing contaminated blood was needled as the "patient" went on and came off the dialyser. Virtually no small airborne particles could be demonstrated however in simulated emergencies in which a blood line was disconnected, or even when bottles of blood were dropped on to a hard floor from a height of 2 metres. Bacillus globigii spores from contaminated blood leaked in small numbers into the dialysing fluid through apparently intact coils. T3 phage, with a particle size of the same order as hepatitis B virus, passed in small quantities through the membrane of a Kiil dialyser from blood to dialysing fluid and also in the reverse direction when added to the header tank. A number of other dialysers were also permeable to phage. Visual assessment of the appropriate moment for inserting the venous line into the "patient" at the onset of dialysis was shown to be unreliable, as the displaced fluid from the end of the venous line was already contaminated before it contained visible red blood cells. Considerable contamination of exposed surfaces and of the buttons on the proportionating unit cabinet occurred. Minor visible splashing of blood was a common-place of the laboratory experiments and was shown to be also a common event during routine haemodialysis in two of the dialysis units taking part in the studies. (+info)Adhesion of biodegradative anaerobic bacteria to solid surfaces. (7/630)
In order to exploit the ability of anaerobic bacteria to degrade certain contaminants for bioremediation of polluted subsurface environments, we need to understand the mechanisms by which such bacteria partition between aqueous and solid phases, as well as the environmental conditions that influence partitioning. We studied four strictly anaerobic bacteria, Desulfomonile tiedjei, Syntrophomonas wolfei, Syntrophobacter wolinii, and Desulfovibrio sp. strain G11, which theoretically together can constitute a tetrachloroethylene- and trichloroethylene-dechlorinating consortium. Adhesion of these organisms was evaluated by microscopic determination of the numbers of cells that attached to glass coverslips exposed to cell suspensions under anaerobic conditions. We studied the effects of the growth phase of the organisms on adhesion, as well as the influence of electrostatic and hydrophobic properties of the substratum. Results indicate that S. wolfei adheres in considerably higher numbers to glass surfaces than the other three organisms. Starvation greatly decreases adhesion of S. wolfei and Desulfovibrio sp. strain G11 but seems to have less of an effect on the adhesion of the other bacteria. The presence of Fe(3+) on the substratum, which would be electropositive, significantly increased the adhesion of S. wolfei, whereas the presence of silicon hydrophobic groups decreased the numbers of attached cells of all species. Measurements of transport of cells through hydrophobic-interaction and electrostatic-interaction columns indicated that all four species had negatively charged cell surfaces and that D. tiedjei and Desulfovibrio sp. strain G11 possessed some hydrophobic cell surface properties. These findings are an early step toward understanding the dynamic attachment of anaerobic bacteria in anoxic environments. (+info)Caught in the middle: should the World Trade Organization settle environmental disputes? (8/630)
Since its inception in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has arbitrated trade disputes between its members in part by deciding whether unilateral actions by its 134 member nations such as trade bans or restrictions violate international free trade rules and authorizing penalties against members that are found to be noncompliant with such rules. The WTO is criticized by those who believe its emphasis on free trade undermines national environmental and public health protection efforts. Recent disputes over the importation of hormone-treated beef and genetically modified crops have focused attention on how the WTO arbitrates disputes having environmental and public health implications and sparked criticisms as to whether the organization is qualified to do so. (+info)Environmental pollution is the introduction or presence of harmful substances, energies, or objects in the environment that can cause adverse effects on living organisms and ecosystems. These pollutants can be in the form of chemical, physical, or biological agents that contaminate air, water, soil, or noise levels, exceeding safe limits established by environmental regulations.
Examples of environmental pollution include:
1. Air pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air that can cause respiratory and other health problems.
2. Water pollution: Contamination of water sources with chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens, or other pollutants that can harm aquatic life and make the water unsafe for human consumption or recreational use.
3. Soil pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial waste in soil that can reduce soil fertility, contaminate crops, and pose a risk to human health.
4. Noise pollution: Excessive noise levels from transportation, industrial activities, or other sources that can cause stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss in humans and animals.
5. Light pollution: The excessive use of artificial light that can disrupt ecosystems, affect human circadian rhythms, and contribute to energy waste.
Environmental pollution is a significant global health issue that requires urgent attention and action from governments, industries, and individuals to reduce pollutant emissions, promote sustainable practices, and protect the environment for future generations.
Air pollution is defined as the contamination of air due to the presence of substances or harmful elements that exceed the acceptable limits. These pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, gases, or a combination of these. They can be released from various sources, including industrial processes, vehicle emissions, burning of fossil fuels, and natural events like volcanic eruptions.
Exposure to air pollution can have significant impacts on human health, contributing to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, and even premature death. It can also harm the environment, damaging crops, forests, and wildlife populations. Stringent regulations and measures are necessary to control and reduce air pollution levels, thereby protecting public health and the environment.
Heavy metals are a group of elements with a specific gravity at least five times greater than that of water. They include metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl), and lead (Pb). These metals are considered toxic when they accumulate in the body beyond certain levels, interfering with various biological processes and causing damage to cells, tissues, and organs.
Heavy metal exposure can occur through various sources, including occupational exposure, contaminated food, water, or air, and improper disposal of electronic waste. Chronic exposure to heavy metals has been linked to several health issues, such as neurological disorders, kidney damage, developmental problems, and cancer. Monitoring and controlling exposure to these elements is essential for maintaining good health and preventing potential adverse effects.
Water pollution is defined medically as the contamination of water sources by harmful or sufficient amounts of foreign substances (pathogens, chemicals, toxic compounds, etc.) which tend to interfere with its normal functioning and can have negative effects on human health. Such pollutants can find their way into water bodies through various means including industrial waste disposal, agricultural runoff, oil spills, sewage and wastewater discharges, and accidental chemical releases, among others.
Exposure to polluted water can lead to a range of health issues, from minor problems like skin irritation or stomach upset, to severe conditions such as neurological disorders, reproductive issues, cancer, and even death in extreme cases. It also poses significant risks to aquatic life, disrupting ecosystems and leading to the decline or extinction of various species. Therefore, maintaining clean and safe water supplies is critical for both human health and environmental preservation.
Fluoride poisoning, also known as fluoride toxicity, is a condition that occurs when someone ingests too much fluoride. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, excessive saliva, and weakness. In severe cases, it can cause more serious problems, such as seizures, coma, or even death.
Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral that is often added to drinking water and toothpaste in order to help prevent tooth decay. However, consuming too much fluoride can be harmful. The amount of fluoride that is considered safe for human consumption depends on a number of factors, including age, weight, and overall health.
Fluoride poisoning is usually caused by accidental ingestion of large amounts of fluoride-containing products, such as toothpaste or mouthwash. It can also occur if someone drinks water that has been contaminated with high levels of fluoride. In some cases, fluoride poisoning may be the result of industrial accidents or intentional poisoning.
If you suspect that you or someone else has ingested too much fluoride, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Treatment for fluoride poisoning typically involves supportive care, such as administering fluids to help flush the fluoride out of the body. In severe cases, more invasive treatments may be necessary.
Environmental pollutants are defined as any substances or energy (such as noise, heat, or light) that are present in the environment and can cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damage the natural ecosystems. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources, including industrial processes, transportation, agriculture, and household activities. They can be in the form of gases, liquids, solids, or radioactive materials, and can contaminate air, water, and soil. Examples include heavy metals, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter, and greenhouse gases.
It is important to note that the impact of environmental pollutants on human health and the environment can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) and it depends on the type, concentration, duration and frequency of exposure. Some common effects of environmental pollutants include respiratory problems, cancer, neurological disorders, reproductive issues, and developmental delays in children.
It is important to monitor, control and reduce the emissions of these pollutants through regulations, technology advancements, and sustainable practices to protect human health and the environment.
Air pollutants are substances or mixtures of substances present in the air that can have negative effects on human health, the environment, and climate. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources, including industrial processes, transportation, residential heating and cooking, agricultural activities, and natural events. Some common examples of air pollutants include particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Air pollutants can cause a range of health effects, from respiratory irritation and coughing to more serious conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and cancer. They can also contribute to climate change by reacting with other chemicals in the atmosphere to form harmful ground-level ozone and by directly absorbing or scattering sunlight, which can affect temperature and precipitation patterns.
Air quality standards and regulations have been established to limit the amount of air pollutants that can be released into the environment, and efforts are ongoing to reduce emissions and improve air quality worldwide.
Environmental exposure refers to the contact of an individual with any chemical, physical, or biological agent in the environment that can cause a harmful effect on health. These exposures can occur through various pathways such as inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Examples of environmental exposures include air pollution, water contamination, occupational chemicals, and allergens. The duration and level of exposure, as well as the susceptibility of the individual, can all contribute to the risk of developing an adverse health effect.
Environmental monitoring is the systematic and ongoing surveillance, measurement, and assessment of environmental parameters, pollutants, or other stressors in order to evaluate potential impacts on human health, ecological systems, or compliance with regulatory standards. This process typically involves collecting and analyzing data from various sources, such as air, water, soil, and biota, and using this information to inform decisions related to public health, environmental protection, and resource management.
In medical terms, environmental monitoring may refer specifically to the assessment of environmental factors that can impact human health, such as air quality, water contamination, or exposure to hazardous substances. This type of monitoring is often conducted in occupational settings, where workers may be exposed to potential health hazards, as well as in community-based settings, where environmental factors may contribute to public health issues. The goal of environmental monitoring in a medical context is to identify and mitigate potential health risks associated with environmental exposures, and to promote healthy and safe environments for individuals and communities.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "industrial waste" is not a term that has a medical definition. Industrial waste is a term used to describe waste produced by industrial activities, such as manufacturing, mining, and construction. It can include a wide variety of materials, including chemicals, metals, soil, and water. Proper management and disposal of industrial waste are important for protecting the environment and public health. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terminology, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!
I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Industry" is a general term that refers to a specific branch of economic activity, or a particular way of producing goods or services. It is not a medical term with a defined meaning within the field of medicine.
However, if you are referring to the term "industrious," which can be used to describe someone who is diligent and hard-working, it could be applied in a medical context to describe a patient's level of engagement and effort in their own care. For example, a patient who is conscientious about taking their medications as prescribed, following through with recommended treatments, and making necessary lifestyle changes to manage their condition might be described as "industrious" by their healthcare provider.
Chemical water pollutants refer to harmful chemicals or substances that contaminate bodies of water, making them unsafe for human use and harmful to aquatic life. These pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and improper disposal of hazardous materials.
Examples of chemical water pollutants include heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, and cadmium), pesticides and herbicides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and petroleum products. These chemicals can have toxic effects on aquatic organisms, disrupt ecosystems, and pose risks to human health through exposure or consumption.
Regulations and standards are in place to monitor and limit the levels of chemical pollutants in water sources, with the aim of protecting public health and the environment.
Environmental health is a branch of public health that focuses on the study of how environmental factors, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, impact human health and disease. It involves the assessment, control, and prevention of environmental hazards in order to protect and promote human health and well-being.
Environmental health encompasses a wide range of issues, such as air and water quality, food safety, waste management, housing conditions, occupational health and safety, radiation protection, and climate change. It also involves the promotion of healthy behaviors and the development of policies and regulations to protect public health from environmental hazards.
The goal of environmental health is to create safe and healthy environments that support human health and well-being, prevent disease and injury, and promote sustainable communities. This requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves collaboration between various stakeholders, including policymakers, researchers, healthcare providers, community organizations, and the public.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soil pollutants" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Soil pollution refers to the presence or accumulation of hazardous substances, chemicals, or other pollutants in soil that can have negative effects on plant life, human health, and the environment.
However, if you're asking about potential health effects of exposure to soil pollutants, it could include a variety of symptoms or diseases, depending on the specific pollutant. For example, exposure to lead-contaminated soil can lead to developmental delays in children, while exposure to certain pesticides or industrial chemicals can cause neurological problems, respiratory issues, and even cancer.
If you have more specific information about a particular substance or context, I may be able to provide a more precise answer.
In the context of medicine, "lead" most commonly refers to lead exposure or lead poisoning. Lead is a heavy metal that can be harmful to the human body, even at low levels. It can enter the body through contaminated air, water, food, or soil, and it can also be absorbed through the skin.
Lead poisoning occurs when lead builds up in the body over time, causing damage to the brain, nervous system, red blood cells, and kidneys. Symptoms of lead poisoning may include abdominal pain, constipation, fatigue, headache, irritability, memory problems, and in severe cases, seizures, coma, or even death.
Lead exposure is particularly dangerous for children, as their developing bodies are more sensitive to the harmful effects of lead. Even low levels of lead exposure can cause learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and developmental delays in children. Therefore, it's important to minimize lead exposure and seek medical attention if lead poisoning is suspected.
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that is a byproduct of the mining and smelting of zinc, lead, and copper. It has no taste or smell and can be found in small amounts in air, water, and soil. Cadmium can also be found in some foods, such as kidneys, liver, and shellfish.
Exposure to cadmium can cause a range of health effects, including kidney damage, lung disease, fragile bones, and cancer. Cadmium is classified as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP).
Occupational exposure to cadmium can occur in industries that produce or use cadmium, such as battery manufacturing, metal plating, and pigment production. Workers in these industries may be exposed to cadmium through inhalation of cadmium-containing dusts or fumes, or through skin contact with cadmium-containing materials.
The general population can also be exposed to cadmium through the environment, such as by eating contaminated food or breathing secondhand smoke. Smoking is a major source of cadmium exposure for smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoke.
Prevention measures include reducing occupational exposure to cadmium, controlling emissions from industrial sources, and reducing the use of cadmium in consumer products. Regular monitoring of air, water, and soil for cadmium levels can also help identify potential sources of exposure and prevent health effects.
Environmental biodegradation is the breakdown of materials, especially man-made substances such as plastics and industrial chemicals, by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in order to use them as a source of energy or nutrients. This process occurs naturally in the environment and helps to break down organic matter into simpler compounds that can be more easily absorbed and assimilated by living organisms.
Biodegradation in the environment is influenced by various factors, including the chemical composition of the substance being degraded, the environmental conditions (such as temperature, moisture, and pH), and the type and abundance of microorganisms present. Some substances are more easily biodegraded than others, and some may even be resistant to biodegradation altogether.
Biodegradation is an important process for maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, as it helps to prevent the accumulation of harmful substances in the environment. However, some man-made substances, such as certain types of plastics and industrial chemicals, may persist in the environment for long periods of time due to their resistance to biodegradation, leading to negative impacts on wildlife and ecosystems.
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing biodegradable materials that can break down more easily in the environment as a way to reduce waste and minimize environmental harm. These efforts have led to the development of various biodegradable plastics, coatings, and other materials that are designed to degrade under specific environmental conditions.
Particulate Matter (PM) refers to the mixture of tiny particles and droplets in the air that are solid or liquid in nature. These particles vary in size, with some being visible to the naked eye while others can only be seen under a microscope. PM is classified based on its diameter:
* PM10 includes particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller. These particles are often found in dust, pollen, and smoke.
* PM2.5 includes particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller. These fine particles are produced from sources such as power plants, industrial processes, and vehicle emissions. They can also come from natural sources like wildfires.
Exposure to particulate matter has been linked to various health problems, including respiratory issues, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. The smaller the particle, the deeper it can penetrate into the lungs, making PM2.5 particularly harmful to human health.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gaseous air pollutant and respiratory irritant. It is a reddish-brown toxic gas with a pungent, choking odor. NO2 is a major component of smog and is produced from the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes.
Exposure to nitrogen dioxide can cause respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing, especially in people with asthma or other respiratory conditions. Long-term exposure has been linked to the development of chronic lung diseases, including bronchitis and emphysema. NO2 also contributes to the formation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause additional health problems.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is not a medical term per se, but it's an important chemical compound with implications in human health and medicine. Here's a brief definition:
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor. It is primarily released into the atmosphere as a result of human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels (like coal and oil) and the smelting of metals. SO2 is also produced naturally during volcanic eruptions and some biological processes.
In medical terms, exposure to high levels of sulfur dioxide can have adverse health effects, particularly for people with respiratory conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). SO2 can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, causing coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and a tight feeling in the chest. Prolonged exposure to elevated levels of SO2 may exacerbate existing respiratory issues and lead to decreased lung function.
Regulations are in place to limit sulfur dioxide emissions from industrial sources to protect public health and reduce air pollution.
Indoor air pollution refers to the contamination of air within buildings and structures due to presence of particles, gases, or biological materials that can harmfully affect the health of occupants. These pollutants can originate from various sources including cooking stoves, heating systems, building materials, furniture, tobacco products, outdoor air, and microbial growth. Some common indoor air pollutants include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and mold. Prolonged exposure to these pollutants can cause a range of health issues, from respiratory problems to cancer, depending on the type and level of exposure. Effective ventilation, air filtration, and source control are some of the strategies used to reduce indoor air pollution.
'Vehicle Emissions' is not a term typically used in medical definitions. However, in a broader context, it refers to the gases and particles released into the atmosphere by vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, and airplanes. The main pollutants found in vehicle emissions include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Exposure to these pollutants can have negative health effects, including respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, vehicle emissions are a significant public health concern.
Ozone (O3) is not a substance that is typically considered a component of health or medicine in the context of human body or physiology. It's actually a form of oxygen, but with three atoms instead of two, making it unstable and reactive. Ozone is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere, where it forms a protective layer in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
However, ozone can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on human health depending on its location and concentration. At ground level or in indoor environments, ozone is considered an air pollutant that can irritate the respiratory system and aggravate asthma symptoms when inhaled at high concentrations. It's important to note that ozone should not be confused with oxygen (O2), which is essential for human life and breathing.
Respiratory tract diseases refer to a broad range of medical conditions that affect the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat (pharynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. These diseases can be categorized into upper and lower respiratory tract infections based on the location of the infection.
Upper respiratory tract infections affect the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx, and include conditions such as the common cold, flu, sinusitis, and laryngitis. Symptoms often include nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, and fever.
Lower respiratory tract infections affect the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs, and can be more severe. They include conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis. Symptoms may include cough, chest congestion, shortness of breath, and fever.
Respiratory tract diseases can also be caused by allergies, irritants, or genetic factors. Treatment varies depending on the specific condition and severity but may include medications, breathing treatments, or surgery in severe cases.
Epidemiological monitoring is the systematic and ongoing collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data pertaining to a specific population or community, with the aim of identifying and tracking patterns of disease or injury, understanding their causes, and informing public health interventions and policies. This process typically involves the use of surveillance systems, such as disease registries, to collect data on the incidence, prevalence, and distribution of health outcomes of interest, as well as potential risk factors and exposures. The information generated through epidemiological monitoring can help to identify trends and emerging health threats, inform resource allocation and program planning, and evaluate the impact of public health interventions.
Chemical water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater) with harmful chemicals or substances that negatively impact water quality and pose a threat to human health, aquatic life, and the environment. These chemical pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural activities, waste disposal, oil spills, and chemical accidents. Examples of chemical pollutants include heavy metals (such as mercury, lead, and cadmium), pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other hazardous substances. These chemicals can have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects on living organisms and can disrupt ecosystems, leading to decreased biodiversity and impaired ecological functions.
I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Cities" is not a medical term or concept, but rather a geographical and sociopolitical one referring to large, densely populated urban areas. If you're looking for information about health-related topics associated with cities, I would be happy to help! For example, there are many public health issues that are closely linked to city living, such as air pollution, infectious diseases, and chronic conditions like obesity and heart disease. Please let me know if you have any specific questions in mind!
In the context of medical and health sciences, particle size generally refers to the diameter or dimension of particles, which can be in the form of solid particles, droplets, or aerosols. These particles may include airborne pollutants, pharmaceutical drugs, or medical devices such as nanoparticles used in drug delivery systems.
Particle size is an important factor to consider in various medical applications because it can affect the behavior and interactions of particles with biological systems. For example, smaller particle sizes can lead to greater absorption and distribution throughout the body, while larger particle sizes may be filtered out by the body's natural defense mechanisms. Therefore, understanding particle size and its implications is crucial for optimizing the safety and efficacy of medical treatments and interventions.
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European Environment Agency
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Health effects of environmental noise pollution - Curious
Farm Nitrogen Pollution Damage Estimated at $157 Billion Yearly | Environmental Working Group
Environmental, Fishing Groups Seek Court Action to Stop Pesticide Pollution - Earthjustice
Air and Water Pollution - Environmental Inequality in Kern County
Frontiers in Environmental Science | Toxicology, Pollution and the Environment
Wearable Sensors for Human Environmental Exposure in Urban Settings | Current Pollution Reports
Environmental News Network - Deadly effects of air pollution detailed in MIT study
Air Pollution Linked to High Coronavirus Death Rates -- Environmental Protection
'Environmental pollution': Iran seizes South Korea flagged ship | News | Al...
The Environmental Protection Agency Loosens Pollution Rules During Pandemic -- Environmental Protection
Sustainability thought 177: What are environmental pollution production... | Download Scientific Diagram
Air Pollution Appeals
Environmental Pollution and its Relation to Climate Change - Nova Science Publishers
Environmental Integrity Asthma and Air Pollution in Baltimore City
Citation Machine®: ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTION Format & ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTION Citation Generator
Environmental Regulations, Air and Water Pollution, and Infant Mortality in India | Harvard Kennedy School
Environmental Pollution-Student Laboratory Kit | Flinn Scientific
Environmental watchdog gets tough over pollution|Politics|chinadaily.com.cn
Research in UCC pollution study comes from well-known environmental watchdog - United Church of Christ
20231
- RAMAT GAN, ISRAEL - July 12, 2023 - Sonovia's ultrasonic technology drastically reduces environmental pollution in the denim industry, according to a comparative study released earlier this month. (textileworld.com)
Exposures2
- NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
- NIEHS works to understand how air pollution is associated with disease and how to prevent or reduce harm from exposures. (nih.gov)
Pollutants4
- See UNECE, Parties to UNECE Air Pollution Convention approve new emission reduction commitments for main air pollutants by 2020 , (2012). (parliament.uk)
- The federal plan signed today will eliminate more than 21,000 metric tons per year of health-harming pollution from non-methane pollutants, starting this year. (edf.org)
- At their core, industrial air pollution control technologies capture pollutants and neutralize them so they aren't released into the atmosphere. (anguil.com)
- But in the suit, the challengers say that evidence of the harmful environmental effects of all three pollutants has grown since EPA last revisited the secondary standards. (ceh.org)
Sulfur Dioxide Pollution1
- Controlling Sulfur Dioxide Pollution Rules in Title 30, Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 112 that are part of the State Implementation Plan strategy to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for sulfur dioxide. (texas.gov)
Noise pollution5
- OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the relationship between environmental noise pollution and risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy. (inspq.qc.ca)
- We obtained total environmental noise pollution measurements (LAeq24, Lden, Lnight) from land use regression models, and assigned noise levels to each woman based on the residential postal code. (inspq.qc.ca)
- RESULTS: Prevalence of preeclampsia was higher for women exposed to elevated environmental noise pollution levels (LAeq24h ≥ 65 dB(A) = 37.9 per 1000 vs. (inspq.qc.ca)
- What is noise pollution (environmental noise)? (healthychildren.org)
- Environmental noise-also known as 'noise pollution'-comes from sources around us. (healthychildren.org)
Particulate pollution3
- The New York Times piece provided the study's example that a person living for decades in a country with high levels of fine particulate matter is 15 percent more likely to die from the virus than someone in a region with one unit less of the fine particulate pollution. (eponline.com)
- Diesel exhaust contains more than 40 toxic substances, smog-forming emissions, particulate pollution (sometimes called "soot"), unburned hydrocarbons and other harmful byproducts - many of which are known cancer-causing agents. (sustainablog.org)
- Particulate pollution is a mix of soot, smoke and tiny particles formed in the atmosphere from sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (also a key ingredient of smog) and ammonia. (sustainablog.org)
Defense Fund2
- Environmental Defense Fund is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. (edf.org)
- Now in its sixth year, the Environmental Youth Council 's (EYC) Houston Teens Care About Clean Air Video Contest, open to any high school whose teachers or administrators sign up their school, has proven something to the EYC and its parent organization, the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF): Teens do care. (cechouston.org)
Exposure to air pollution4
- [ 20 ] Long-term longitudinal cohort studies showed a direct association between exposure to air pollution and the probability of developing RA. (medscape.com)
- This indicator explores these inequalities by comparing the exposure to air pollution by fine particulate matter experienced by the population living in the poorest regions of the EU with that in the richest regions. (europa.eu)
- The results of this paper suggest that long-term exposure to air pollution increases vulnerability to experiencing the most severe Covid-19 outcomes," the authors wrote. (eponline.com)
- Conclusion: In this study it was not possible to identify cardiovascular impacts of acute exposure to air pollution during exercise in healthy young volunteers. (ersjournals.com)
20193
- This includes the production of an initial National Air Pollution Control Programme (NAPCP) by 1 April 2019 - see: EU Commission, Draft Guidance on National Air Pollution Control Programmes , (March 2017). (parliament.uk)
- He hopes Iceland considers following Norway's footsteps , where plans are underway to ban cruise ships from certain Norwegian fjords as early as summer 2019 over pollution concerns. (rcinet.ca)
- Oxbow released about 22 million pounds of sulfur dioxide each year from 2016 through 2019, the years with the most recent available state data - making it one of the largest sources of this air pollution in Texas, and a far larger source than the other refineries and petrochemical plants in Port Arthur. (environmentalintegrity.org)
Reduction3
- Climate change is expected to worsen each of these problems worldwide, but reduction of nitrogen pollution could go a long way toward lessening such climate-driven risks," he added. (newswise.com)
- This is the most energy-efficient and cost-effective abatement (pollution reduction) technology. (anguil.com)
- The positive effects are attributed to a reduction in environmental regulation (ER), industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation and an increase in foreign direct investment (FDI). (bvsalud.org)
Organization3
- A new World Health Organization (WHO) air quality model confirmed that 92 percent of the world's population lives in places where air quality levels exceed WHO limits, and it represents the most detailed ambient air pollution-related health data, by country, ever reported by WHO. (eponline.com)
- With over 70 attorneys and nine offices across the region, SELC is widely recognized as the Southeast's foremost environmental organization and regional leader. (southernenvironment.org)
- Air pollution control encompasses the systems, techniques, and practices your organization uses to reduce emissions , increase air quality, and otherwise limit harm to the environment and humans. (anguil.com)
Climate change6
- A single atom of reactive nitrogen can contribute to air pollution, climate change, ecosystem degradation and several human health concerns," Townsend said. (newswise.com)
- Landfills are the third largest source of methane pollution, which is one of the main causes of climate change. (edf.org)
- Students are challenged to create two-minute videos expressing their thoughts on the impact of air pollution and climate change on their lives and communities. (cechouston.org)
- EDF states on its website that it’s addressing climate change by supporting people’s health, letting people and nature thrive, addressing environmental issues â€" advocating, working on environmental justice, and using economic means to affect change by uplifting equity and inclusion. (cechouston.org)
- Modelling scenarios of land use and climate change on diffuse pollution from agricultural nitrate. (hutton.ac.uk)
- Right now, the oil and gas industry is needlessly leaking millions of tons of methane pollution and toxic chemicals into the air that harm our health and speed up climate change," said Jill Hunkler, Resident of Barnesville, Ohio who lives within a mile of three fracking wells and a compressor station. (theoec.org)
Impacts5
- Monitoring PM 2.5 levels is therefore useful for exploring income-related inequalities in the distribution of health impacts of air pollution and more broadly of environmental risks. (europa.eu)
- However, he noted that excess nitrogen also has large and clear consequences for some worrisome impacts of a changing climate, notably air and water pollution. (newswise.com)
- Bekaroo G, Bokhoree C, Pattinson C (2016) Impacts of ICT on the natural ecosystem: a grassroot analysis for promoting socio-environmental sustainability. (springer.com)
- Chester M, Horvath A (2012) High-speed rail with emerging automobiles and aircraft can reduce environmental impacts in California's future. (springer.com)
- The Obama administration recently finalized the first national standard for new sources of methane pollution from the oil and gas industry but this new standard fails to address the impacts of existing sources of methane pollution. (theoec.org)
Methane2
- EPA's plan will significantly reduce methane pollution from one of the largest industrial sources in America, and will reduce hazardous air pollution that puts people's health at risk nationwide and especially hurts frontline communities that are already disproportionately burdened by pollution," said EDF senior attorney Rachel Fullmer . (edf.org)
- Safeguards are urgently needed to protect the public from existing sources of methane and other air pollution. (theoec.org)
Health34
- If you are giving a presentation about an environmental health topic or just looking for general information about environmental health research or the institute, this webpage will help. (nih.gov)
- NIEHS is committed to conducting the most rigorous research in environmental health sciences, and to communicating the results of this research to the public. (nih.gov)
- NIEHS offers a broad range of job opportunities, career enhancement programs, and research training grants and programs in environmental health sciences and administration. (nih.gov)
- The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is expanding and accelerating its contributions to scientific knowledge of human health and the environment, and to the health and well-being of people everywhere. (nih.gov)
- Air pollution affects an individual's health in a variety of ways. (nih.gov)
- With both outdoor and indoor sources, air pollution is a health issue with global consequences. (nih.gov)
- Odors from environmental sources might also cause health symptoms, depending on individual and environmental factors. (cdc.gov)
- ATSDR's Get Involved to Reduce Environmental Odors in Your Community Presentation Cdc-pdf [PDF - 967 KB] contains some helpful information about odor diaries, such as how they can help health departments develop health messages about environmental odors. (cdc.gov)
- Local environmental and health agencies can assess a community's response to odors using residents' odor diaries. (cdc.gov)
- Prevention of environmental pollution: good for our health. (nih.gov)
- If you are giving a presentation about an environmental health topic or just looking for general information about environmental health research or the institute, this page will help. (nih.gov)
- Air pollution poses the greatest environmental risk to health in Europe. (europa.eu)
- DENVER, Aug. 28, 2011 - Billions of people owe their lives to nitrogen fertilizers - a pillar of the fabled Green Revolution in agriculture that averted global famine in the 20th century - but few are aware that nitrogen pollution from fertilizers and other sources has become a major environmental problem that threatens human health and welfare in multiple ways, a scientist said here today. (newswise.com)
- Though the full extent is currently unknown, nitrogen pollution can impact human health. (newswise.com)
- Reactive nitrogen is a key contributor to air pollution, including the formation of ground-level ozone, which is a well-known health risk. (newswise.com)
- Recent estimates suggest that nitrogen-related air pollution costs the U.S. well over $10 billion per year in both health costs and reduced crop growth. (newswise.com)
- Air pollution continues take a toll on the health of the most vulnerable populations - women, children, and the older adults," Bustreo said. (eponline.com)
- This new model is a big step forward towards even more confident estimates of the huge global burden of more than 6 million deaths - 1 in 9 of total global deaths - from exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution," said Dr. Maria Neira, director of WHO's Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. (eponline.com)
- More and more cities are monitoring air pollution now, satellite data is more comprehensive, and we are getting better at refining the related health estimates. (eponline.com)
- This fall, WHO is rolling out BreatheLife, a global communications campaign to increase public awareness of air pollution as a major health and climate risk. (eponline.com)
- Apart from Oyo State, the previous General Manager of Abia State Environmental Protection Agency (ASEPA), Mr. Cosmos Ndukwe, reportedly in 2009 raised the alarm over health implications of consuming goats roasted with tyres. (modernghana.com)
- Dear Librarian, I would like to recommend the following IntechOpen book to be added to our library catalog: TITLE: 'Advanced Topics in Environmental Health and Air Pollution Case Studies' PRINT ISBN: 978-953-307-525-9 Libraries are offered a 20% discount on retail book prices. (intechopen.com)
- They also emit large amounts of health-harming and even cancer-causing pollution such as toxic benzene. (edf.org)
- Dr. John Balbus, EDF's chief health scientist , answers common questions about school bus pollution and your child's health. (sustainablog.org)
- At the same time, this unabated pollution of our waterways is a danger to the health of our rivers, marshes and wildlife. (southernenvironment.org)
- SELC works on a full range of environmental issues to protect our natural resources and the health and well-being of all the people in our region. (southernenvironment.org)
- In addition to demanding an investigation, the community is asking TCEQ to issue a stronger air pollution control permit for the plant, and make sure its terms are in compliance with health-based air quality standards for sulfur dioxide. (environmentalintegrity.org)
- Urban air pollution and cardiopulmonary ill health: a 14.5 year time series study. (bmj.com)
- This is an important new tool for Ohioans, who can enter their own address, find out if they live within a threat zone, and see if their community has an increased risk of cancer and respiratory health problems due to oil and gas related air pollution" stated Melanie Houston, Director of Oil and Gas for the Ohio Environmental Council. (theoec.org)
- I have seen firsthand that this pollution can cause significant health problems in my patients who live in the communities surrounded by oil and gas development" said Dr. Russ Lee-Wood, a physician practicing in Belmont County. (theoec.org)
- In a lawsuit filed today, the Center for Biological Diversity and the Center for Environmental Health ask a judge to set a timetable for completing the assessments of the secondary "public welfare" standards for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. (ceh.org)
- Center for Environmental Health, Current Year. (ceh.org)
- The Toronto Environmental Alliance and a coalition of more than 46 health and citizen groups applaud the move. (torontoenvironment.org)
- Community members seeking information on the procedures or the content of the public health consultation should contact Environmental Health Scientist Lynn Wilder or Community Involvement Specialist PerStephanie Thompson, toll free, at 1-888-42-ATSDR (1-888-422-8737). (cdc.gov)
Emissions4
- NABU's Axel Friedrich, a former official at Germany's federal environmental agency, said these emissions also have a link to climate. (rcinet.ca)
- The first step to crafting an effective industrial air pollution control process is to evaluate your current emissions or air quality and compare them to your compliance requirements so you can set measurable emission control objectives. (anguil.com)
- At Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc., we specialize in stationary industrial air pollution control systems that capture and destroy off-gas emissions and ultimately help your facility and help your facility reach its ESG and emissions objectives. (anguil.com)
- We assess emission constituents, concentrations, flow, and temperature to determine the scale of emissions and which pollution control technology should be employed to capture, control and destroy the present contaminants. (anguil.com)
Estimates1
- Home addresses were geocoded and linked to modeled outdoor NO 2 estimates, as a marker of local traffic-related pollution. (nih.gov)
Exacerbate2
- NIEHS-funded researchers study the biological mechanisms that lead to and exacerbate diseases linked to air pollution exposure. (nih.gov)
- The results indicate that EGT constraints significantly exacerbate environmental pollution in local regions and adjacent areas. (bvsalud.org)
Toxic4
- Washington, D.C. - May 17, 2021) The Environmental Protection Agency today announced a plan to implement final standards that will protect millions of Americans from the toxic and climate-damaging pollution emitted by municipal landfills. (edf.org)
- Air pollution occurs when toxic or hazardous debris or contaminants in gaseous, liquid, or particulate form are found in high concentrations. (anguil.com)
- Toronto's air is toxic and we need to know why," said Katrina Miller, Campaigns Director with the Toronto Environmental Alliance, "only then can communities, businesses, and our politicians work together to clean it up. (torontoenvironment.org)
- Current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidance for use in investigations of the worst uncontrolled and abandoned toxic waste sites in the United States, those designated Superfund sites, presents recommendations for estimation of absorption of contaminants from both soil and water (3). (cdc.gov)
Water pollution1
- Damage to the ecosystem - a biological community interacting with its nonliving environment - includes water pollution and reduced biological diversity, including the loss of certain plant species. (newswise.com)
Dangerous Pollution1
- Q. Would having my child wear a surgical mask help filter out dangerous pollution and soot? (sustainablog.org)
Protection Agency3
- The Chapter 112 rule history discusses revisions to the rules, including their proposal and adoption, the associated State Implementation Plan revision, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency approval. (texas.gov)
- Austin, Texas - Residents of Port Arthur, Texas, today petitioned the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to launch an investigation into whether Texas violated the civil rights of a mostly African-American community by allowing dangerous amounts of air pollution to pour from an industrial plant for years, without any modern pollution controls. (environmentalintegrity.org)
- As part of ongoing environmental data evaluation, ATSDR evaluated air-sampling data collected by Solutia and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
Poverty1
- In an environmentally equal Europe, poverty and pollution would not be correlated. (europa.eu)
Ambient air2
- Studies in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have provided evidence that ambient air pollution may have an adverse effect on birth weight, although results are not consistent. (bmj.com)
- Epidemiological studies addressing the relation between ambient air pollution and fetal development are accumulating worldwide. (bmj.com)
Degradation1
- The rapid expansion of industry can lead to environmental degradation and pollution if proper safeguards are not put in place. (microsoft-certificate.com)
Outdoor air pollu1
- About 3 million deaths per year are linked to exposure to outdoor air pollution, WHO reports, adding that indoor air pollution can also be deadly and that, in 2012, an estimated 6.5 million deaths were associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution. (eponline.com)
Plastic pollution4
- The EAC is currently gathering evidence and scrutinising the best solutions to solving the plastic pollution crisis caused by the huge volume of single-use plastic bottles and coffee cups escaping into the environment every single day. (sas.org.uk)
- These are supporters who have joined us in the call for more action to stop plastic pollution with the introduction of a deposit refund system. (sas.org.uk)
- The Secretary of State for the Environment, Michael Gove MP has already gone on record in support of deposit refunds, so it feels like the net is closing on this source of plastic pollution. (sas.org.uk)
- Over 61,000 members of 38 Degrees also took part in our survey on plastic pollution, as evidence for the Environment Audit Committee's inquiry on coffee cups and plastic bottles. (sas.org.uk)
Reduce5
- Today the Biden administration issued its final rule to reduce pollution from existing municipal solid waste landfills operated by any state, tribe or locale that has not already established its own approved plan. (edf.org)
- The order requires Chemours to take concrete steps on an accelerated schedule to reduce the pollution from its facility. (southernenvironment.org)
- Similar laws in the United States have led polluters to voluntarily reduce their pollution. (torontoenvironment.org)
- The proposed program also provides new capacity in the City to help businesses figure out how they can reduce their pollution. (torontoenvironment.org)
- Interestingly, the nonlinear impact of EGT constraints on environmental pollution relies on different types of ED. Environmental administration decentralization (EDA) and environmental supervision decentralization (EDS) can reduce the positive effect of EGT constraints on environmental pollution , while an improvement in environmental monitoring decentralization (EDM) can increase the promoting influences of the constraints of economic growth goals on environmental pollution . (bvsalud.org)
EPA's2
- and which key agricultural programs complement the EPA's efforts to control such pollution. (novapublishers.com)
- Landfills will be required to install and operate a gas collection and control system within 30 months after reaching EPA's established threshold for pollution. (edf.org)
Quality's2
- If accepted by the Bladen County Superior Court following a 30-day comment period, the proposed consent order will resolve the N.C. Department of Environmental Quality's pending lawsuit against Chemours for violating North Carolina water quality laws. (southernenvironment.org)
- The Port Arthur Community Action Network, through its attorneys at Lone Star Legal Aid and Environmental Integrity Project, is asking EPA to investigate the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality's lax treatment of the 85-year-old Oxbow Calcining plant, which manufactures a petroleum byproduct called petroleum coke that is used as a fuel and as an ingredient in metals. (environmentalintegrity.org)
Agency1
- SELC, the Waterkeeper, and the League made the decision to pursue this action because, as the lawsuit lays out, neither Frontier nor any enforcement agency has taken effective steps to end the pollution. (southernenvironment.org)
Ozone1
- Ebun, Daniel, and Coleman’s submission is an actual noir-style short film titled Soot and Shadows , which follows a detective examining a dead body and ruling him to be the victim of ozone pollution, owed to the fact that many Houston neighborhoods are close to factories. (cechouston.org)
Audit Committee1
- We were stoked to represent you this week in front of the Environmental Audit Committee (EAC), presenting expert evidence to a panel of cross-party Members of Parliament. (sas.org.uk)
Environment6
- Researchers also study the combined effects of air pollution and other factors in the indoor and outdoor environment. (nih.gov)
- The National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL) is a joint activity of the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment ( FOEN ) and Empa. (empa.ch)
- The Southern Environmental Law Center is one of the nation's most powerful defenders of the environment, rooted in the South. (southernenvironment.org)
- For more than 30 years, the Southern Environmental Law Center has used the power of the law to champion the environment of the Southeast. (southernenvironment.org)
- Talking about specific types of the disease, cancer of prostate and female breast showed the highest correlation which immediately caused general indignation: these two cases have been intensively studied during the decades and there is too less evidence that the pollution of the environment plays a role here. (affordable-papers.net)
- Factors such as air pollution, neighborhood environment, and socioeconomic status introduce new data and analytic challenges derived from geographic data formats, which must be integrated with traditional clinical data (7-9). (cdc.gov)
Public awareness1
- Townsend, an authority on how human activity has changed the natural cycling of nitrogen to create a friend-turned-foe dilemma, called for greater public awareness of nitrogen pollution and concerted global action to control it. (newswise.com)
Spatial1
- Based on provincial panel data in China from 2005 to 2016, we analyse the impact of economic growth target (EGT) constraints on environmental pollution using a spatial econometric method . (bvsalud.org)
Levels9
- Despite improving trends in air pollution for both the richest and poorest regions of the EU during 2007-2020, inequalities remained with levels of PM 2.5 concentrations consistently higher by around one third in the poorest regions. (europa.eu)
- The stations are distributed throughout the country and represent air pollution levels at typical locations (e.g. urban roadside sites, residential urban areas, rural sites). (empa.ch)
- He said the findings were especially important for hospitals in poor neighborhoods and communities of color-which tend to be exposed to higher levels of air pollution than affluent, white communities. (eponline.com)
- Last year, it introduced a new law that allowed environmental officials in charge of monitoring factories to shut them down if the pollution levels get too high. (iflscience.com)
- Air pollution levels were up to 1,000 times higher than normal concentrations when cruise ships arrived or departed Reykjavik this August. (rcinet.ca)
- Air pollution levels in the wind direction from arriving or departing vessels were up to 1,000 times higher compared to local background concentrations," the groups said in a news release. (rcinet.ca)
- Air pollution levels in Sydney were found to be quite low. (bmj.com)
- Children living in less wealthy environments are more likely to be exposed to higher environmental noise levels. (healthychildren.org)
- Research done mainly in adults shows that even low levels of nighttime environmental noise cause more body movements, awakenings and other sleep disturbances. (healthychildren.org)
Justice2
- The Biden Administration EPA has promised to prioritize environmental justice issues, and they have the opportunity to step up and keep that promise by helping the people of Port Arthur. (environmentalintegrity.org)
- Courts agree that the people who live near the industrial hog farms in Bladen, Duplin and Sampson counties continue to suffer environmental harms, but state and local laws make it increasingly difficult to get justice. (chej.org)
Fund1
- Under Section 319 of the Clean Water Act (CWA), each year the EPA provides grants to states to implement programs and fund projects that address nonpoint source pollution. (novapublishers.com)
Data4
- That's approximately 5 times more pollution than EPA data suggest and has the same near-term climate impact as 25 coal-fired power plants. (edf.org)
- The accused, including He Limin, the chief of Xi'an's Environmental Protection Bureau, apparently interfered with the air pollution data by breaking and entering into the monitoring station and blocking the air samplers in a bid to avoid penalties for high pollution in the city. (iflscience.com)
- It was these data exceptions that caught the attention of the National Environmental Monitoring Center, who sent out inspectors to examine the station. (iflscience.com)
- According to the Global Times , an insider told a local Xi'an newspaper that the environmental officials took these unsavory steps to make the data "look better" and avoid high-pollution penalties. (iflscience.com)
Filters1
- However, the young filmmaker makes the astute observation that for every tree cut down for development, there are less trees that act as filters for pollution. (cechouston.org)
Socioeconomic1
- We computed odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of noise with preeclampsia in mixed logistic regression models with participants as a random effect, and adjusted for air pollution, neighbourhood walkability, maternal age, parity, multiple pregnancy, comorbidity, socioeconomic deprivation, and year of delivery. (inspq.qc.ca)
Factors4
- The pathogenesis of RA is multifactorial and involves both genetic and environmental factors. (medscape.com)
- Traffic-related air pollution is related with asthma, and this association may be modified by genetic factors. (nih.gov)
- The interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors is likely to have an important role in the etiology and prognosis of the disease. (nih.gov)
- Chronic laryngitis may be caused by environmental factors such as inhalation of cigarette smoke or polluted air (eg, gaseous chemicals), irritation from asthma inhalers, vocal misuse (eg, prolonged vocal use at abnormal loudness or pitch), or gastrointestinal esophageal reflux. (medscape.com)
Decades2
- CHAPEL HILL, N.C.- The Southern Environmental Law Center, on behalf of the Cape Fear River Watch, and the N.C. Department of Environmental Quality signed a proposed consent order with the Chemours Company, LLC, that requires the company to fix its decades-long pollution of the Cape Fear River with per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, including GenX. (southernenvironment.org)
- After decades of unchecked pollution from the Chemours' facility, this order is a step forward in restoring the Cape Fear and protecting communities and families downstream. (southernenvironment.org)
Biological1
- They examine the role air pollution plays in the development of various diseases, biological effects on the body, and groups who are most susceptible. (nih.gov)
Impact3
- The EYC website states that it teaches students that pollution, the climate crisis, and environmental injustices impact everything around them. (cechouston.org)
- Made2Flow which conducted the study focuses on environmental impact measurement and solutions specific to the fashion industry. (textileworld.com)
- Assessing the impact of economic growth target constraints on environmental pollution: Does environmental decentralization matter? (bvsalud.org)
Sources3
- The presentation also provides information about common sources of environmental odors and symptoms caused by odors. (cdc.gov)
- Pollution from nonpoint sources such as runoff from farms or construction sites, remains the leading cause of impairment of the nation's waters. (novapublishers.com)
- Future studies will include investigation of the utility of measuring isotopes of nitrate in water (δ15N and δ18O) as a means of improving understanding of the sources of diffuse pollution. (hutton.ac.uk)
Cigarette smoke1
- [ 17 ] Indeed, several studies suggested that even traffic pollution, given the similarity to cigarette smoke, may increase the risk of RA and/or the risk of RA reactivation. (medscape.com)
Poorest1
- The regions with the poorest Environmental Quality Index (EQI) surprisingly had the highest cancer rates. (affordable-papers.net)
SELC1
- CHARLESTON, S.C. - After submitting the required notices, and without a satisfactory response from Frontier Logistics, SELC has filed a federal lawsuit against the plastic-pellet packager and shipper asserting that the company is responsible for ongoing pollution of the Charleston Harbor and other connected waters. (southernenvironment.org)
Asthma4
- For example, people with asthma can have difficulty breathing if air pollution is high, and prenatal and early childhood air pollution exposure is linked with neurobehavioral problems. (nih.gov)
- Genetic polymorphisms in the NQO1 gene are related to asthma susceptibility among persons exposed to local traffic-related air pollution. (nih.gov)
- This points to the importance of antioxidant pathways in the protection against the effects of air pollution on asthma. (nih.gov)
- Asthma is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental components. (nih.gov)
Breathing2
- Breathing in pollution during childhood can result in irreversible damage as children develop. (sustainablog.org)
- Carlos and Karla’s Breathing in the Danger: The Invisible Threat of Air Pollution , is another PSA about what causes air pollution and how people can solve the problem. (cechouston.org)
Effects6
- The effects of air pollution can be seen in the young and old as well as the healthy and sick. (nih.gov)
- A recent study using nitrogen oxides (NO x ) as an indicator for local traffic air pollution has reported interaction effects between GSTP1 polymorphisms and NO x on allergic sensitization to common allergens in children at 4 years of age. (nih.gov)
- Although the role of pollution is significant in many areas, it is equally distributed within the counties and its effects show up together with personal behavior effects. (affordable-papers.net)
- Heart Rate Variability (HRV), a marker of cardiovascular risk, has been employed in several studies to evaluate the effects of air pollution. (ersjournals.com)
- What are the effects of environmental noise on kids? (healthychildren.org)
- Still, environmental noise can have harmful effects on children's learning, behavior and sleep. (healthychildren.org)
Affects1
- An issue that affects us all, pollution in the air, water and land in Albania, was discussed extensively in the National Forum "Environmental Pollution" that was held this week and that brought together representatives from civil society, the Ambassador of Sweden in Tirana, a country which during the presidency of the European Union prioritizes environmental issues, as well as other actors. (co-plan.org)
Attorney1
- This agreement starts us down the path to a cleaner Cape Fear and safer drinking water by keeping Chemours' air pollution and contaminated water from leaving its site," said Geoff Gisler, senior attorney for the Southern Environmental Law Center, who represents the Cape Fear River Watch in the case. (southernenvironment.org)
Control3
- One of the most effective ways to keep your worksite safe and compliant with applicable standards is to install an air pollution control system. (anguil.com)
- Unlike most other modern industrial facilities, the Oxbow plant does not have a pollution control device called a "scrubber" to capture sulfur dioxide because TCEQ has not required it. (environmentalintegrity.org)
- The groups allege that TCEQ did this by issuing air pollution control permits to Oxbow, and failing to require modern pollution control devices, despite the large amount of air pollution released by the plant. (environmentalintegrity.org)
