Environmental exposure. Medical search

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.

The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.

The combined effects of genotypes and environmental factors together on phenotypic characteristics.

Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19, symbol Pb. (Dorland, 28th)

Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.

Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.

A polysymptomatic condition believed by clinical ecologists to result from immune dysregulation induced by common foods, allergens, and chemicals, resulting in various physical and mental disorders. The medical community has remained largely skeptical of the existence of this "disease", given the plethora of symptoms attributed to environmental illness, the lack of reproducible laboratory abnormalities, and the use of unproven therapies to treat the condition. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The contamination of indoor air.

Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.

Industrial products consisting of a mixture of chlorinated biphenyl congeners and isomers. These compounds are highly lipophilic and tend to accumulate in fat stores of animals. Many of these compounds are considered toxic and potential environmental pollutants.

An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.

An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 114. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the frequency, distribution, and consequences of disease or health conditions, for use in the planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.

Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.

Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; and CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES.

Zeolites. A group of crystalline, hydrated alkali-aluminum silicates. They occur naturally in sedimentary and volcanic rocks, altered basalts, ores, and clay deposits. Some 40 known zeolite minerals and a great number of synthetic zeolites are available commercially. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Exogenous agents, synthetic and naturally occurring, which are capable of disrupting the functions of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM including the maintenance of HOMEOSTASIS and the regulation of developmental processes. Endocrine disruptors are compounds that can mimic HORMONES, or enhance or block the binding of hormones to their receptors, or otherwise lead to activating or inhibiting the endocrine signaling pathways and hormone metabolism.

An agency in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government. It was created as an independent regulatory agency responsible for the implementation of federal laws designed to protect the environment. Its mission is to protect human health and the ENVIRONMENT.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).

Elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions that are considered severely harmful to human health and the environment. They include substances that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or explosive.

A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)

City in Orleans Parish (county), largest city in state of LOUISIANA. It is located between the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain.

Living facilities for humans.

Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.

Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.

The geographic area of the Great Lakes in general and when the specific state or states are not indicated. It usually includes Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.

Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.

The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.

A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.

A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.

The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

The systematic study of the global gene expression changes due to EPIGENETIC PROCESSES and not due to DNA base sequence changes.

The total amount of a chemical, metal or radioactive substance present at any time after absorption in the body of man or animal.

Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A class of asbestos that includes silicates of magnesium, iron, calcium, and sodium. The fibers are generally brittle and cannot be spun, but are more resistant to chemicals and heat than ASBESTOS, SERPENTINE. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

An acquired disorder characterized by recurrent symptoms, referable to multiple organ systems, occurring in response to demonstrable exposure to many chemically unrelated compounds at doses below those established in the general population to cause harmful effects. (Cullen MR. The worker with multiple chemical sensitivities: an overview. Occup Med 1987;2(4):655-61)

The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.

Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more of the hydrogens replaced by CHLORINE.

A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and biological action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations.

A group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-efficient buildings, associated with an increased frequency of headaches, lethargy, and dry skin. Clinical manifestations include hypersensitivity pneumonitis (ALVEOLITIS, EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC); allergic rhinitis (RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, PERENNIAL); ASTHMA; infections, skin eruptions, and mucous membrane irritation syndromes. Current usage tends to be less restrictive with regard to the type of building and delineation of complaints. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.

Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.

Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the child.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. It is the source of cedarwood oil. Cedar ordinarily refers to this but also forms part of the name of plants in other genera.

An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.

Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.

Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Food that has been prepared and stored in a way to prevent spoilage.

Compounds which contain the methyl radical substituted with two benzene rings. Permitted are any substituents, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed.

Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Chlorinated hydrocarbons containing heteroatoms that are present as contaminants of herbicides. Dioxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. They have been banned from use by the FDA.

Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.

Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.

Asbestos. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. It is relatively inert chemically and used in thermal insulation and fireproofing. Inhalation of dust causes asbestosis and later lung and gastrointestinal neoplasms.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.

A medical specialty primarily concerned with prevention of disease (PRIMARY PREVENTION) and the promotion and preservation of health in the individual.

A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions.

Particles of any solid substance, generally under 30 microns in size, often noted as PM30. There is special concern with PM1 which can get down to PULMONARY ALVEOLI and induce MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS leading to FOREIGN BODY REACTION and LUNG DISEASES.

Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.

Insects of the order Dictyoptera comprising several families including Blaberidae, BLATTELLIDAE, Blattidae (containing the American cockroach PERIPLANETA americana), Cryptocercidae, and Polyphagidae.

A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.

The form and structure of analytic studies in epidemiologic and clinical research.

Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

The science, art, or technology dealing with processes involved in the separation of metals from their ores, the technique of making or compounding the alloys, the techniques of working or heat-treating metals, and the mining of metals. It includes industrial metallurgy as well as metallurgical techniques employed in the preparation and working of metals used in dentistry, with special reference to orthodontic and prosthodontic appliances. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p494)

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Chemical substances that are foreign to the biological system. They include naturally occurring compounds, drugs, environmental agents, carcinogens, insecticides, etc.

Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.

The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.

Disorders associated with acute or chronic exposure to compounds containing ARSENIC (ARSENICALS) which may be fatal. Acute oral ingestion is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and an encephalopathy which may manifest as SEIZURES, mental status changes, and COMA. Chronic exposure is associated with mucosal irritation, desquamating rash, myalgias, peripheral neuropathy, and white transverse (Mees) lines in the fingernails. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1212)

Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.

The science dealing with the establishment and maintenance of health in the individual and the group. It includes the conditions and practices conducive to health. (Webster, 3d ed)

The status of health in urban populations.

A dinoflagellate with a life cycle that includes numerous flagellated, amoeboid, and encysted stages. Both the flagellated and amoeboid forms produce toxins which cause open wounds on fish. Pfiesteria piscicida feeds on tissue sloughed from these wounds, as well as on bacteria and algae. It is found in Atlantic estuaries of the United States.

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.

Waste products which threaten life, health, or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed.

A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.

Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.

The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

The process of giving birth to one or more offspring.

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

A filament-like structure consisting of a shaft which projects to the surface of the SKIN from a root which is softer than the shaft and lodges in the cavity of a HAIR FOLLICLE. It is found on most surfaces of the body.

Neoplasms of the thin serous membrane that envelopes the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity. Pleural neoplasms are exceedingly rare and are usually not diagnosed until they are advanced because in the early stages they produce no symptoms.

Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.

Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.

A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.

Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)

The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Defective nuclei produced during the TELOPHASE of MITOSIS or MEIOSIS by lagging CHROMOSOMES or chromosome fragments derived from spontaneous or experimentally induced chromosomal structural changes.

Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.

Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches for economic reasons, including LIVESTOCK (specifically CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.), POULTRY; and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship, e.g., PETS; or specifically DOGS; CATS; etc.

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

A liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase capable of biotransforming xenobiotics such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons into carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds. They have been found in mammals and fish. This enzyme, encoded by CYP1A1 gene, can be measured by using ethoxyresorufin as a substrate for the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity.

A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.

A country in northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula Its capital is Cairo.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.

A chemical by-product that results from burning or incinerating chlorinated industrial chemicals and other hydrocarbons. This compound is considered an environmental toxin, and may pose reproductive, as well as, other health risks for animals and humans.

Spectrophotometric techniques by which the absorption or emmision spectra of radiation from atoms are produced and analyzed.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

The system of glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the circulatory system. In addition to the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, included are the CHROMAFFIN SYSTEM and the NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEMS.

Induction and quantitative measurement of chromosomal damage leading to the formation of micronuclei (MICRONUCLEI, CHROMOSOME-DEFECTIVE) in cells which have been exposed to genotoxic agents or IONIZING RADIATION.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.

Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.

A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Liquid perfluorinated carbon compounds which may or may not contain a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, but do not contain another halogen or hydrogen atom. This concept includes fluorocarbon emulsions and fluorocarbon blood substitutes.

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.

A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.

A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.

The number of units (persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.) in a population to be studied. The sample size should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between two groups. (From Wassertheil-Smoller, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 1990, p95)

Hypersensitivity reactions which occur within minutes of exposure to challenging antigen due to the release of histamine which follows the antigen-antibody reaction and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.

A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.

Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL-COA to arylamines. It can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without COENZYME A and has a wide specificity for aromatic amines, including SEROTONIN. However, arylamine N-acetyltransferase should not be confused with the enzyme ARYLALKYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE which is also referred to as SEROTONIN ACETYLTRANSFERASE.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.

Two off-spring from the same PREGNANCY. They are from a single fertilized OVUM that split into two EMBRYOS. Such twins are usually genetically identical and of the same sex.

Two offspring from the same PREGNANCY. They are from two OVA, fertilized at about the same time by two SPERMATOZOA. Such twins are genetically distinct and can be of different sexes.

A province of eastern Canada. Its capital is Quebec. The region belonged to France from 1627 to 1763 when it was lost to the British. The name is from the Algonquian quilibek meaning the place where waters narrow, referring to the gradually narrowing channel of the St. Lawrence or to the narrows of the river at Cape Diamond. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p993 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p440)

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.

Two individuals derived from two FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother. Twins are either monozygotic (TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC) or dizygotic (TWINS, DIZYGOTIC).

A period in the human life in which the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system takes place and reaches full maturity. The onset of synchronized endocrine events in puberty lead to the capacity for reproduction (FERTILITY), development of secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS, and other changes seen in ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT.

Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole GENOME representative set of) polymorphic markers in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition.

The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of an individual from birth up to but not including ADOLESCENCE.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Health status of Persian Gulf War veterans: self-reported symptoms, environmental exposures and the effect of stress. (1/8052)

BACKGROUND: Most US troops returned home from the Persian Gulf War (PGW) by Spring 1991 and many began reporting increased health symptoms and medical problems soon after. This investigation examines the relationships between several Gulf-service environmental exposures and health symptom reporting, and the role of traumatic psychological stress on the exposure-health symptom relationships. METHODS: Stratified, random samples of two cohorts of PGW veterans, from the New England area (n = 220) and from the New Orleans area (n = 71), were selected from larger cohorts being followed longitudinally since arrival home from the Gulf. A group of PGW-era veterans deployed to Germany (n = 50) served as a comparison group. The study protocol included questionnaires, a neuropsychological test battery, an environmental interview, and psychological diagnostic interviews. This report focuses on self-reported health symptoms and exposures of participants who completed a 52-item health symptom checklist and a checklist of environmental exposures. RESULTS: The prevalence of reported symptoms was greater in both Persian Gulf-deployed cohorts compared to the Germany cohort. Analyses of the body-system symptom scores (BSS), weighted to account for sampling design, and adjusted by age, sex, and education, indicated that Persian Gulf-deployed veterans were more likely to report neurological, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiac, dermatological, musculoskeletal, psychological and neuropsychological system symptoms than Germany veterans. Using a priori hypotheses about the toxicant effects of exposure to specific toxicants, the relationships between self-reported exposures and body-system symptom groupings were examined through multiple regression analyses, controlling for war-zone exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Self-reported exposures to pesticides, debris from Scuds, chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents, and smoke from tent heaters each were significantly related to increased reporting of specific predicted BSS groupings. CONCLUSIONS: Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf have higher self-reported prevalence of health symptoms compared to PGW veterans who were deployed only as far as Germany. Several Gulf-service environmental exposures are associated with increased health symptom reporting involving predicted body-systems, after adjusting for war-zone stressor exposures and PTSD. (+info)

Lead exposure in the lead-acid storage battery manufacturing and PVC compounding industries. (2/8052)

This study was conducted as part of the Human Exposure Assessment Location (HEAL) Project which comes under the United Nations Environment Programme/World Health Organisation (UNEP/WHO) Global environmental Monitoring System (GEMS). The objective of the study was to evaluate workers' exposure to lead in industries with the highest exposure. All subjects were interviewed about their occupational and smoking histories, the use of personal protective equipment and personal hygiene. The contribution of a dietary source of lead intake from specified foods known to contain lead locally and personal air sampling for lead were assessed. A total of 61 workers from two PVC compounding and 50 workers from two lead acid battery manufacturing plants were studied together with 111 matched controls. In the PVC compounding plants the mean lead-in-air level was 0.0357 mg/m3, with the highest levels occurring during the pouring and mixing operations. This was lower than the mean lead-in-air level of 0.0886 mg/m3 in the lead battery manufacturing plants where the highest exposure was in the loading of lead ingots into milling machines. Workers in lead battery manufacturing had significantly higher mean blood lead than the PVC workers (means, 32.51 and 23.91 mcg/100 ml respectively), but there was poor correlation with lead-in-air levels. Among the lead workers, the Malays had significantly higher blood lead levels than the Chinese (mean blood levels were 33.03 and 25.35 mcg/100 ml respectively) although there was no significant difference between the two ethnic groups in the control group. There were no significant differences between the exposed and control group in terms of dietary intake of specified local foods known to contain lead. However, Malays consumed significantly more fish than the Chinese did. There were no ethnic differences in the hours of overtime work, number of years of exposure, usage of gloves and respirators and smoking habits. Among the Malays, 94.3% eat with their hands compared with 9.2% of the Chinese. Workers who ate with bare hands at least once a week had higher blood lead levels after adjusting for lead-in-air levels (mean blood lead was 30.2 and 26.4 mcg/100 ml respectively). The study indicated that the higher blood lead levels observed in the Malay workers might have been due to their higher exposure and eating with bare hands. (+info)

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam. (3/8052)

A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited. (+info)

A toxicokinetic model to assess the risk of azinphosmethyl exposure in humans through measures of urinary elimination of alkylphosphates. (4/8052)

Azinphosmethyl (APM) is one of the most common insecticides used in fruit farming. The object of this paper is to develop a quick and practical test for assessing the risk for humans coming into contact with APM. It has been shown that the principal component of occupational and/or accidental exposure is through the skin (C. A. Franklin et al., 1981, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 7, 715-731), but our approach is applicable to exposures via any route or a combination of routes. The method proposed in the present paper can accommodate a single-event exposure or repeated exposures over long periods. Urinary alkylphosphate (AP) metabolites are reliable bioindicators of the presence of APM in the body; they are easily accessible and can be used to estimate APM body burden. We developed a simple toxicokinetic model to link the time varying APM body burden to absorbed doses and to rates of elimination in the form of AP urinary metabolites. Using this model and data available in the literature, we are able to propose a "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) for APM body levels and for corresponding absorbed doses. We have established that after a single exposure, the safe limit corresponding to the NOAEL is reached at a cumulative 0.215 mumoles AP/kg bw eliminated in urine in the first 24 hours following the beginning of exposure. For repeated daily exposures at steady state, the corresponding urinary AP metabolite level is equal to a cumulative 0.266 mumoles AP/kg bw eliminated per 24 hours. (+info)

Evaluation of passive smoking by measuring urinary trans, trans-muconic acid and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. (5/8052)

No method has yet been established to evaluate the exposure to tobacco smoke in passive smoking (PS). We therefore conducted a study on the possibility that the levels of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid (MA) and the exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) could be indices of the passive exposure to tobacco smoke. The moderate correlation was observed between urinary MA levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. The mean urinary MA level of the PS (+) group was significantly higher than that with the PS (-) group. Among the PS (+) group, the mean MA level in the urine obtained in the afternoon was higher than that obtained in the morning. A high correlation was observed between the exhaled CO levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. Like the urinary MA level, the mean exhaled CO level in the PS (+) group, too, gave a significantly higher level than in the PS (-) group. Because the biological half life of MA (7.5 +/- 0.85 h) was longer than that of CO (3.0 +/- 0.36 h), the measurement of urinary MA level is recommended for evaluating the exposure of passive smoking. The measurement of exhaled CO levels is useful only for chain smokers and nonsmokers with PS just before measurement. (+info)

Developmental pathways: Sonic hedgehog-Patched-GLI. (6/8052)

Developmental pathways are networks of genes that act coordinately to establish the body plan. Disruptions of genes in one pathway can have effects in related pathways and may result in serious dysmorphogenesis or cancer. Environmental exposures can be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, including dysmorphic offspring or children with a variety of diseases. An important goal of environmental science should be reduction of these poor outcomes. This will require an understanding of the genes affected by specific exposures and the consequence of alterations in these genes or their products, which in turn will require an understanding of the pathways critical in development. The ligand Sonic hedgehog, the receptors Patched and Smoothened, and the GLI family of transcription factors represent one such pathway. This pathway illustrates several operating principles important in the consideration of developmental consequences of environmental exposures to toxins. (+info)

Exposure to indoor background radiation and urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage. (7/8052)

We investigated whether exposure to indoor [gamma]-radiation and radon might be associated with enough free radical formation to increase urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a sensitive marker of DNA damage, due to a hydroxyl radical attack at the C8 of guanine. Indoor radon and [gamma]-radiation levels were measured in 32 dwellings for 6 months by solid-state nuclear track detectors and thermoluminescent dosimeters, respectively. Urine samples for 8-OHdG determinations were obtained from 63 healthy adult subjects living in the measured dwellings. An overall tendency toward increasing levels of 8-OHdG with increasing levels of radon and [gamma]-radiation was seen in the females, presumably due to their estimated longer occupancy in the dwellings measured. Different models were considered for females, with the steepest slopes obtained for [gamma]-radiation with a coefficient of 0.500 (log nmol/l of 8-OHdG for each unit increase of [gamma]-radiation on a log scale) (p<0.01), and increasing to 0.632 (p = 0.035), but with larger variance, when radon was included in the model. In conclusion, there seems to be an effect of indoor radioactivity on the urinary excretion of 8-OHdG for females, who are estimated to have a higher occupancy in the dwellings measured than for males, for whom occupational and other agents may also influence 8-OHdG excretion. ree radicals; [gamma]-radiation; radon. (+info)

A simulation study of confounding in generalized linear models for air pollution epidemiology. (8/8052)

Confounding between the model covariates and causal variables (which may or may not be included as model covariates) is a well-known problem in regression models used in air pollution epidemiology. This problem is usually acknowledged but hardly ever investigated, especially in the context of generalized linear models. Using synthetic data sets, the present study shows how model overfit, underfit, and misfit in the presence of correlated causal variables in a Poisson regression model affect the estimated coefficients of the covariates and their confidence levels. The study also shows how this effect changes with the ranges of the covariates and the sample size. There is qualitative agreement between these study results and the corresponding expressions in the large-sample limit for the ordinary linear models. Confounding of covariates in an overfitted model (with covariates encompassing more than just the causal variables) does not bias the estimated coefficients but reduces their significance. The effect of model underfit (with some causal variables excluded as covariates) or misfit (with covariates encompassing only noncausal variables), on the other hand, leads to not only erroneous estimated coefficients, but a misguided confidence, represented by large t-values, that the estimated coefficients are significant. The results of this study indicate that models which use only one or two air quality variables, such as particulate matter [less than and equal to] 10 microm and sulfur dioxide, are probably unreliable, and that models containing several correlated and toxic or potentially toxic air quality variables should also be investigated in order to minimize the situation of model underfit or misfit. (+info)

Environmental cold exposure[edit]. Responses to cold are produced by cutaneous cold sensitive pathways through the Parabrachial ... Exposure to cold leads to disinhibition of the RMR and other regions, which leads to brown adipose thermogenesis. This is also ... Thermoregulation includes both responses to infection and to decreased core temperature upon cutaneous exposure to cold, both ... of body temperature during both cold exposure and induced fever by observation that hyperpolarization prior to exposure to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_preoptic_nucleus

Lorber, M. (2008). "Exposure of Americans to polybrominated diphenyl ethers". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental ... Environmental exposure[edit]. Flame retardants manufactured for use in consumer products have been released into environments ... U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2011). Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition (PDF) (Report). p. 5-5. EPA/600/R-090/052F ... Environmental and health issues[edit]. The environmental behaviour of flame retardants has been studied since the 1990s. Mainly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_retardant

"Asbestos Exposure". National Cancer Institute, USA. 2017-06-15. "Environmental Health Guidance Note - Asbestos" (PDF). ... It requires a relatively large exposure over a long period of time, which typically only occur in those who directly work with ... In the 1930s, E. R. A. Merewether found that greater exposure resulted in greater risk. Asbestosis is the scarring of lung ... This tissue can be seen microscopically soon after exposure in animal models. Some asbestos fibers become layered by an iron- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestosis

... and environmental hygiene; exposure assessment; engineering controls; occupational and environmental epidemiology, medicine and ... Biological Exposure Indices Committee Mission - To develop occupational biological exposure guidelines that are scientifically ... The first list of Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices (the TLVs and BEIs book) was published in 1962. A new ... JOEH is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to enhancing the knowledge and practice of occupational and environmental hygiene and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Conference_of_Governmental_Industrial_Hygienists

... environmental exposure; and blood-feeding arthropods. Lyssaviruses like the rabies virus are transmitted from bats to humans ... though it is likely that the majority of individuals do not develop the disease after exposure. In non-bat mammals, exposure to ... Outside of bites, rabies virus exposure can also occur if infected fluids come in contact with a mucous membrane or a break in ... It is unclear how horses become infected with Hendra virus, though it is believed to occur following direct exposure to flying ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_virome

Vaughan, Wesley (July 30, 2014). "Conservative think tank takes new measure of Alabama's environmental indicators". AL.com. ... Beyerle, Dana (April 25, 2004). "Parties Dispute State Highway Commission". Alabama Exposure. The Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved 4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_Policy_Institute

Tread compounds include additives to impart wear resistance and traction in addition to environmental resistance. Tread ... "Calender maker". Spiegelhalder, B. (September 1983). "Occupational nitrosamine exposure. 1. Rubber and tyre industry". ... Environmental Science & Technology. 46: 3326-3334. doi:10.1021/es204257d. The Tire Society. ... are non-reinforced extruded profiles with additives to give the sides of the tire good abrasion resistance and environmental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire_manufacturing

Rostker, B. (2000). Depleted Uranium in the Gulf (II) (Technical Report). Environmental Exposure Reports. Office of the Special ... Rostker, B. (2000a). "Research Report Summaries". Depleted Uranium in the Gulf (II) (Technical Report). Environmental Exposure ... Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 18 (1): 95-108. doi:10.1038/sj.jes.7500551. PMID 17299528. Williams ... there is no proven link between DU exposure and increases in human cancers or other significant health or environmental impacts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depleted_uranium

Environmental epidemiology. Exposure and disease. Proceedings of an international workshop on priorities in environmental ... These include environmental influences on miscarriage, caffeine and pregnancy outcome, and environmental influences on cancer ... PMID 18709174 Drinking water disinfection by-product exposure and fetal growth. Hoffman CS, Mendola P, Savitz DA, Herring AH, ... ISBN 1-56670-067-1 Steenland K, Savitz DA (editors). Topics in environmental epidemiology. New York, NY: Oxford University ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_A._Savitz

Quality Tools for Schools Program helps schools to maintain a healthy environment and reduce exposures to indoor environmental ... Environmental Justice Coalition (EJC). "Environmental Justice act of 2009." Environmental Justice Coalition, 2008. EJ Coalition ... The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental ... Environmental justice[edit]. The EPA has been criticized for its lack of progress towards environmental justice. Administrator ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._EPA

Exley, C. (2013). "Human exposure to aluminium". Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 15 (10): 1807-1816. doi:10.1039/ ... Rosseland, B.O.; Eldhuset, T.D.; Staurnes, M. (1990). "Environmental effects of aluminium". Environmental Geochemistry and ... Dietary exposure in Europeans averages to 0.2-1.5 mg/kg/week but can be as high as 2.3 mg/kg/week.[144] Higher exposure levels ... "The Environmental Literacy Council. Retrieved 29 July 2018.. *^ Chen, Jennifer K.; Thyssen, Jacob P. (2018). Metal Allergy: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminum

... environmental exposure to mineral fiber as etiology. Environmental Research, 1985; 38(2): 319-331 Constantopoulos SH, Malamou- ... Occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos. In: Victor L. Roggli, Tim D. Oury and Thomas A. Sporn (Eds). Pathology of ... Assessment of an isolated environmental and domestic asbestos exposure in Metsovo NW Greece: evidence of containment (Submitted ... Crushing the ball released more than 200 fibers/ml of air, when the accepted limits for occupational exposure are lower that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metsovo_lung

In the United States, an average of 90 dB is the permissible exposure limit (PEL) for an 8-hour work-day. Noise exposures that ... Environmental restrictions and pressure to prevent the construction of new refineries may have also contributed to rising fuel ... chemical exposure and surveillance among refinery workers. The most important route of exposure for BTX chemicals is inhalation ... Dermal exposure and absorption is also possible, but is again less likely in an occupational setting where appropriate personal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinery

ISBN 978-0-470-13492-4. Exley, C. (2013). "Human exposure to aluminium". Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 15 (10): ... Rosseland, B.O.; Eldhuset, T.D.; Staurnes, M. (1990). "Environmental effects of aluminium". Environmental Geochemistry and ... Dietary exposure in Europeans averages to 0.2-1.5 mg/kg/week but can be as high as 2.3 mg/kg/week. Higher exposure levels of ... "Occupational and Environmental Health in the Aluminum Industry". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 56 (5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium

For instance, all sites whose environmental or community noise exposure exceeds the day night average sound level (DNL) of 65 ( ... Dose and projected dose are based on sound level and duration of noise exposure in relation to the NIOSH recommended exposure ... population showed that chronic exposure to moderately high levels of environmental noise contributes to hearing loss. Noise ... researches noise exposure in occupational settings and recommends a Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) for an 8-hour time- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_pollution

"Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Arsenic Toxicity Exposure Pathways" (PDF). Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease ... has set the recommended exposure limit (REL) to a 15-minute constant exposure of 0.002 mg/m3 (0.002 ppb). The PEL for organic ... these tests cannot foresee possible health outcomes from the exposure. Long-term exposure and consequent excretion through ... Low-level exposure to arsenic at concentrations of 100 parts per billion (i.e., above the 10 parts per billion drinking water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic

Alternatively, an organization or company may measure a person's exposure to environmental noise in a workplace via a noise ... atlanticei (2019-03-20). "Reducing Excessive Noise Using Engineering Methods , Atlantic Environmental". Atlantic Environmental ... Environmental noise monitoring is the measurement of noise in an outdoor environment caused by transport (e.g. motor vehicles, ... "Controls for Noise Exposure , NIOSH , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2020-06-22. Retrieved 2020-11-22. "How is Sound Measured?". It's a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_measurement

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states, "Human studies on occupational exposure to ethyl acrylate... ... Acute Exposure Guideline Levels. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2019-04-28. CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide ... Occupational exposure generally involves exposure that occurs regularly, over an extended period of time.) It is toxic in large ... the Acute Exposure Guideline Level-1 (AEGL-1) is 8.3 ppm, which is almost 7000 times the odor threshold. Merck Index, 11th ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_acrylate

Steck, Daniel J.; Field, R. William; Lynch, Charles F. (1999). "Exposure to Atmospheric Radon". Environmental Health ... An exposure to 1 WL for 1 working-month (170 hours) equals 1 WLM cumulative exposure. A cumulative exposure of 1 WLM is roughly ... The danger of high exposure to radon in mines, where exposures can reach 1,000,000 Bq/m3, has long been known. In 1530, ... In the mining industry, the exposure is traditionally measured in working level (WL), and the cumulative exposure in working ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon

"Noise exposure and public health". Environmental Health Perspectives. 108 (1): 123-131. doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123. PMC ... Environmental justice[edit]. Urban agriculture may advance environmental justice and food justice for communities living in ... Gottlieb, Robert (2009). "Where We Live, Work, Play . . . And Eat: Expanding the Environmental Justice Agenda". Environmental ... "Noise exposure and public health," they argue that exposure to continual noise is a public health problem. They cite examples ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_farm

... medication or drug exposures, maternal infections and diseases, and environmental and occupational exposures. Paternal smoking ... A low socioeconomic status in a deprived neighborhood may include exposure to "environmental stressors and risk factors".[61] ... It is hypothesized that this may be due to environmental exposures or lifestyle choices.[75] ... Exposure to carbon monoxide or polluted ozone exposure can also lead to cardiac defects of the ventrical septal, pulmonary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_disorder

In much the same way, "coral reefs are sensitive to environmental changes that could damage other habitats in the future," ... Exposure Labs. Scholes, B., Scholes, M., & Lucas, M. (2015). How will ocean acidification affect marine organisms?. Climate ... 11, 2-7. Pittock, A. (1999). Coral Reefs and Environmental Change: Adaptation to What?. American Zoologist, Vol. 39, 2 - 4. ... according to a recent study conducted by Hiroyo Yamana of the Centre for Global Environmental Research in Tsukuba, Japan; which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_in_non-tropical_regions

The daily exposure, then, needs to reflect the time spent in each micro-environmental setting and the type of activities in ... For some pollutants such as black carbon, traffic related exposures may dominate total exposure despite short exposure times ... Air pollution risk is a function of the hazard of the pollutant and the exposure to that pollutant. Air pollution exposure can ... Perera, Frederica; Herbstman, Julie (1 April 2011). "Prenatal environmental exposures, epigenetics, and disease". Reproductive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution

"Environmental Fate and Exposure Potential". 2-Phenylphenol - Substance Summary. National Center for Biotechnology Information, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Phenylphenol

ISBN 92-4-156319-2. Environmental occurrence, geochemistry and exposure. p. 5-27. Jones S, Burt BA, Petersen PE, Lennon MA. The ... Handbook of Environmental Engineering 4). doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-029-4_9. ISBN 978-1-59745-029-4. p. 293-315. Guidelines for ... 2014). "Reducing Exposure to High Fluoride Drinking Water in Estonia-A Countrywide Study". International Journal of ... The Australian government states that water fluoridation is the most effective means of achieving fluoride exposure that is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation_by_country

Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (2000). "Noise exposure and public health". Environmental Health Perspectives. 108 Suppl 1 ( ... Prolonged exposure to loud sound or noise levels can lead to tinnitus. Custom made ear plugs or other measures can help with ... Prevention involves avoiding exposure to loud noise for longer periods or chronically. If there is an underlying cause, ... A frequent cause is traumatic noise exposure that damages hair cells in the inner ear.[citation needed] When there does not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinnitus

"Issues in environmental control data used in DD&ER worker dose exposures" "Remediation Facility Worker Dose Assessment" "Final ... Internal exposure to radioactive isotopes is more serious than external exposure, as these particles lodge in the body for ... Exposure levels, experiences and lessons learned." Special Exposure Cohorts / Nuclear Workers. Department of Health and Human ... "Reducing Environmental Cancer Risk: What We Can Do Now" (PDF). 2008-2009 Annual Report. U.S. Department of Health and Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_labor_issues

Child-specific exposure factors handbook. United States Environmental Protection Agency. September 2008. Hudec T, Thean J, ... "Flame Retardant Applications in Camping Tents and Potential Exposure". Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 1 (2): 152- ... "Early zebrafish embryogenesis is susceptible to developmental TDCPP exposure". Environmental Health Perspectives. 120 (11): ... When the TDCPP exposure began very early during embryogenesis, by the 2 cell stage, the developing embryos were more severely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate

Effects of environmental (outdoor) exposure". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 37 (1): 76-91. doi:10.1006/eesa.1997.1527 ... In a study conducted in 1997 at Kansas State University, the effect of environmental conditions on polyacrylamide were tested, ... Production, Use, and Trends" (plain text). Chemical Summary for Acrylamide (Report). United States Environmental Protection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylamide

The affected residents formed a grassroots environmental justice community, Citizens Against Toxic Exposure (CATE), to bring ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) 9."Membership: Citizens Against Toxic Exposure". Citizens Against Toxic Exposure. ... Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved May 20, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) 5."Two Superfund Environmental ... The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the lead agency for the ETC site cleanup, and site remediation is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escambia_Wood

Environmental factorsEdit. Environmental factors refer for example to maternal smoking and the maternal exposure to amine- ... Several research groups have found evidence that these environmental factors are responsible for an increase in the risk of ... Olshan AF, Faustman EM (December 1989). "Nitrosatable drug exposure during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcome". ... as well as environmental, hormonal and genetical factors.[10] ... "Maternal exposure to prescription and non-prescription ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniosynostosis

"Pace Environmental Law Review. 6 (2): 623. Retrieved 12 March 2012.. *^ a b c Toth, Stephen. "Federal Pesticide Laws and ... from the exposure to the residue whether directly from the consumption of such food or from other non-occupational sources.[3][ ... It is administered and regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the appropriate environmental ... Congress enacted major revisions to FIFRA in 1972 with the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act (FEPCA).[1] The 1947 law ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Insecticide,_Fungicide,_and_Rodenticide_Act

"International Journal of Environmental Studies. 69 (3): 407-426. doi:10.1080/00207233.2012.677581. PMC 3962073. PMID 24683269. ... "Analyzing Cheniere Energy's Commodity Price Exposure - Market Realist". Archived from the original on 3 December 2016. ... environmental groups, such as Pacific Environment, Ratepayers for Affordable Clean Energy (RACE), and Rising Tide had moved to ... the basic process involves circulating the gas through aluminum tube coils and exposure to a compressed refrigerant.[9] As the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas

"UGT1A1 Genetic Polymorphisms, Endogenous Estrogen Exposure, Soy Food Intake, and Endometrial Cancer Risk". Vanderbilt ... and environmental estrogens.". Chem Res Toxicol 14 (3): 280-94. PMID 11258977.. ...

https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen

... stress and burning even after a very short ten-minute exposure, when such positioning is contrived during recovery. Muscular ... species in the family Ursidae are famous for their ability to survive unfavorable environmental conditions of low temperatures ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_atrophy

"Environmental Chemistry.com. Retrieved 2011-05-18.. *^ a b Barbalace, Kenneth. "Periodic Table of Elements Sorted by Boiling ... This can cause lung embolisms, especially during long-term exposure. The element is known to damage cell membranes of water ... "Environmental Chemistry.com. Retrieved 2007-04-14.. *^ "WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements". Webelements.com. Retrieved ... "Environmental Chemistry.com. Retrieved 2011-05-18.. *^ Fournier, Jean-Marc (1976). "Bonding and the electronic structure of the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_3_element

"Chapter 9 Occupational Exposure to Radiation]" (PDF). Radiation, People and the Environment. IAEA. pp. 39-42. Archived from the ... A Vital Legacy: Biological and Environmental Research in the Atomic Age, U.S. Department of Energy, The Office of Biological ... April 2005). "Radiation exposure of patients undergoing whole-body dual-modality 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations". J. Nucl. Med. 46 ... For PET-CT scanning, the radiation exposure may be substantial-around 23-26 mSv (for a 70 kg person-dose is likely to be higher ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_scan

a b Croner S (1992). "Prediction and detection of allergy development: influence of genetic and environmental factors". J. ... dependence - an adaptive state associated with a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of repeated exposure to a stimulus (e.g., ... An associative process may contribute to addiction, for environmental stimuli associated with drug taking may increase craving ... sensitization - an amplified response to a stimulus resulting from repeated exposure to it ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitization

Leaves need to support their own mass and align themselves in such a way as to optimize their exposure to the sun, generally ... Plants respond and adapt to environmental factors, such as light and mechanical stress from wind. ... The internal organization of most kinds of leaves has evolved to maximize exposure of the photosynthetic organelles, the ... However, horizontal alignment maximizes exposure to bending forces and failure from stresses such as wind, snow, hail, falling ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

"Risk of Exposure". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 12 October 2014. Archived from the original on 16 October ... Jones RM, Brosseau LM (May 2015). "Aerosol transmission of infectious disease". Journal of Occupational and Environmental ... The length of time between exposure to the virus and the development of symptoms (incubation period) is between two and 21 days ... Endothelial cells may be infected within three days after exposure to the virus.[49] The breakdown of endothelial cells leading ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

Exposure of the pre-Bötzinger complex to these inhibitory neurotransmitters results in the rhythmic nature associated with ... Two key features of the pre-BötC are its stability and its ability to adapt to changing environmental and behavioral conditions ... The suppression of muscarinic receptors and the activation of nicotinic receptors due to prenatal exposure to nicotine have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Bötzinger_complex

Dunning and Kruger tested the hypotheses of the cognitive bias of illusory superiority on undergraduate students of introductory courses in psychology by examining the students' self-assessments of their intellectual skills in logical reasoning (inductive, deductive, abductive), English grammar, and personal sense of humor. After learning their self-assessment scores, the students were asked to estimate their ranks in the psychology class. The competent students underestimated their class rank, and the incompetent students overestimated theirs, but the incompetent students did not estimate their class rank as higher than the ranks estimated by the competent group. Across four studies, the research indicated that the study participants who scored in the bottom quartile on tests of their sense of humor, knowledge of grammar, and logical reasoning overestimated their test performance and their abilities; despite test scores that placed them in the 12th percentile, the participants estimated they ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DunningKruger_effect

Temperature and heat exposure[edit]. The temperature and heat levels of the body are directly correlated with the temporary ... Sensory overload usually occurs with environmental stimuli[1] and not noise induced by listening to music. ... Chen C-J, Dai Y-T, Sun Y-M, Lin Y-C, Juang Y-J. Evaluation of Auditory Fatigue in Combined Noise, Heat and Workload Exposure. ... Hamernik, R. P., & Ahroon, W. A. (1998). Interrupted noise exposures: Threshold shift dynamics and permanent effects. [Article ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listener_fatigue

Some consider oral candidiasis a change in the normal oral environment rather than an exposure or true "infection" as such. The ... Several Candida species are polymorphogenic, that is, capable of growing in different forms depending on the environmental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

The gland may be triggered by environmental conditions such as temperature, light and nutrition, which thus control the timing ... exposure of muscle and death of octopuses in extreme cases.[107] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Archived 5 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine: A monograph from ... The Health Consequesnces of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health ... See in particular Article 8 Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke. *^ Barendregt JJ, Bonneux L, van der Maas PJ (October ... "are not substitutes for smoking bans in controlling environmental smoke exposure".[178] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-smoking_legislation

"Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 64 (7): 2705-9. doi:10.1128/AEM.64.7.2705-2709.1998. PMC 106449. PMID 9647853.. ... Occupational exposure[edit]. Outdoor workers are at risk of Lyme disease if they work at sites with infected ticks. This ... "Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 21 (3): 270-271. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2010.04.005. ISSN 1080-6032. PMID 20832708.. ... "Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72 (7): 4627-32. doi:10.1128/AEM.00285-06. PMC 1489336. PMID 16820453.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

Environmental Health & Public Safety (North Carolina State University). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 June 2011.. ... This led to four deaths and serious injuries from radiation exposure. Together with caesium-134, iodine-131, and strontium-90, ... Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division. August 2005. Retrieved 7 February 2012.. ... Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. 16 (5): 549-567. doi:10.1080/10934528109375003.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

Neurofibromatosis, exposure to vinyl chloride, Epstein-Barr virus, ionizing radiation[1][2][3]. ... there are no known environmental factors associated with brain tumors. Mutations and deletions of so-called tumor suppressor ... The cause of most brain tumors is unknown.[2] Uncommon risk factors include inherited neurofibromatosis, exposure to vinyl ... Epidemiological studies are required to determine risk factors.[19] Aside from exposure to vinyl chloride or ionizing radiation ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_tumors

Because sudden excitement or fright can trigger a SIDA episode it is important to minimize exposure to startling stimuli. ... triggered by unpredictable environmental stimuli (touch, scents, sounds, etc.). SIDA episodes become more frequent as the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffin–Lowry_syndrome

Inhalation of tiny particles of infectious material (aerosol) is believed to be the most significant means of exposure. It is ... The high risk areas areas cannot be well defined by any known biogeographical or environmental breaks except for the ... Infection typically occurs by direct or indirect exposure to animal excrement through the respiratory or gastrointestinal ... it will excrete the virus throughout the rest of its lifetime through feces and urine creating ample opportunity for exposure.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 39(1), 44-50. *^ a b LaMar W.J., Gerberich, S.G., Lohman, W.H., Zaidman, B ... Occupational exposure limit. *Occupational health psychology. *Occupational injury. *Occupational stress. *Repetitive strain ... Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63, 683-687. doi:10.1136/oem.2006.026823 *^ Strully, K.W. (2009). Job loss and health ... Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 40(4), 317-324. *^ Islam, S.S., Edla, S.R., Mujuru, P., Doyle, E.J., & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology

Normal olfactory acuity will usually return over time if the cause is environmental, even if it is untreated. The hyperosmic ... ISBN 0-684-85394-9. Henkin, RI (1990-12-05). "Hyperosmia and depression following exposure to toxic vapors". JAMA: the Journal ... There has not been extensive research into environmental causes of hyperosmia, but there are some theories of some possible ... The causes of hyperosmia may be genetic, environmental or the result of benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. When odorants enter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperosmia

For example, a 1978 environmental law treatise reprinted the entire text of Rule 23 and mentioned "class actions" 14 times in ... opportunities for collusive settlement discussions and reverse auctions by defendants anxious to resolve their new exposure at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class-action

... economic and environmental root causes of antimicrobial resistance and other human health problems, to continue expanding ... implementation of the Minamata Convention to protect human health and the environment from effects of exposure to mercury and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Assembly

Even though the park is only 71 acres (29 ha), three distinct ecological environments exist in the park, based on exposure to ... The park is maintained by the Florida State Parks system, a division of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil's_Millhopper

Exposure for even a short time is enough for a potential mosquito bite. Long-sleeved clothing, long pants, and socks are useful ... The first mention of the disease by the name "yellow fever" occurred in 1744.[67] McNeill argues that the environmental and ... Sbrana E, Xiao SY, Guzman H, Ye M, Travassos da Rosa AP, Tesh RB (2004). "Efficacy of post-exposure treatment of yellow fever ... The awareness of peak mosquito exposure is from dusk to dawn. The application of larvicides to water-storage containers can ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever

Prolonged exposure to ionising radiation, such as x-rays and gamma rays, will also kill most endospores. ... They will germinate within a day or two with the right environmental conditions, and then the vegetative cells, not as hardy as ... once outside the host, sporulation commences upon exposure to the air and the spore forms are essentially the exclusive phase ... When a bacterium detects environmental conditions are becoming unfavourable it may start the process of endosporulation, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_spore

A hard disk failure may occur in the course of normal operation, or due to an external factor such as exposure to fire or water ... or high magnetic fields, or suffering a sharp impact or environmental contamination, which can lead to a head crash. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard-disk_failure

Infant stimulation: This type of intervention uses musical stimulation to compensate for the lack of normal environmental ... the potential for harm from exposure to particular agents, the accuracy of diagnostic tests, and the predictive power of ... Regaining full functioning also confides in the prognosis of recovery, the condition of the client, and the environmental ... "Safe sound exposure in the fetus and preterm infant". Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 41 (2): 166-70 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologic_music_therapy

Unequal: Environmental Exposure. In Focus Unequal: Environmental Exposure "Unequal" is a series highlighting the work of ... Environmental Exposure. The ideas, research, and actions from across Harvard University aimed at finding solutions to climate ... "Environmental Exposure," explores the experience of people of color with Americas climate and health care policies. View the ... This directly ties health to environmental racism, because environmental racism is why there are so much toxic pollutants, and ...

https://www.harvard.edu/in-focus/unequal/environmental-exposure/

Chemical Exposure. Following the 1962 publication of Rachel Carsons landmark book Silent Spring, environmental toxicity ... the first Earth Day and the formation of the Environmental Protection Agency set the stage for a plethora of environmental ... The IPCS evaluates the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, provides an intergovernmental ... Imperceptible chemicals include a number of environmental contaminants that may get into food from packaging or residues from ...

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/visualculture/chemical.html

... and authoritative source of information on advances in exposure science for professionals in a wide range of environmental and ... Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology is a Transformative Journal; authors can publish using the traditional ... Microbes and Exposure Collection This collection on Microbes and Exposure contains JESEE content relevant to the COVID-19 ... Modeling the impact of exposure reductions using multi-stressor epidemiology, exposure models, and synthetic microdata: an ...

https://www.nature.com/jes/?year=2011&error=cookies_not_supported&code=c97d2be8-7b45-445e-a0a8-6e4e1587b020

Global Environmental Health (GEH) Newsletter provides information about NIEHS scientific, policy, training, and outreach ... Research Linking Environmental Exposure to Alzheimers. Research Linking Environmental Exposure to Alzheimers Disease (R01). ... Initiatives in Environmental Health Science Explore Initiatives in Environmental Health Science *Climate Change and Human ... NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human ...

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/geh/geh_newsletter/2013/9/grants/research_linking_environmental_exposure_to_alzheimers_.cfm

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology subscription. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology ... Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (JESEE) aims to be the premier and authoritative source of ... Reported results should further understanding of the relationship between environmental exposure and human health, describe ... JESEE publishes research presenting significant advances in exposure science and exposure analysis, including development and ...

https://www.nature.com/jes/subscribe?utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=commission_junction&utm_campaign=3_oto2876_jes_PID8887722&utm_content=de_textlink_030123018

CDCs National Exposure Report is a series of ongoing assessments of the U.S. populations exposure to environmental chemicals ... It also includes all the summary data from each previous National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals and each ... How-To Guide for visualizing data from the National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals on the Tracking Network ... The Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, 2009, (the Fourth Report, 2009) presents data for 212 ...

https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/index.html

Laser exposure The principal danger from lasers is to the eye. The primary region of concern for low power visible lasers is ... McGill.CA / Environmental Health and Safety / Research & Lab Safety / Radiation Safety / Non-Ionizing Radiation ... Environmental Health & Safety. 3610 McTavish 4th Floor. Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2. Tel.: 514-398-4563. Fax: 514-398-8047. ... Staring into the beam or directing the beam into the eyes can result in eye injury after extended exposure. We note that some ...

https://mcgill.ca/ehs/laboratory/radiation/non-ionizing-radiation/laser-exposure

... there are steps you can take to reduce your familys exposure to this chemical by avoiding common sources and limiting exposure ... Although completely eliminating exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) may not be possible, ... Are babies exposures high enough to pose a health risk? EWG is concerned that the exposures for babies fed liquid formula ... Book traversal links for Tips to avoid BPA exposure. * Canada to Take Immediate Action to Reduce BPA Exposure for Infants › ...

https://www.ewg.org/research/tips-avoid-bpa-exposure

Exposure to Toxic Environmental Agents. ABSTRACT: Reducing exposure to toxic environmental agents is a critical area of ... resulting in higher fetal exposure than maternal exposure (5-7). Prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals is linked to ... Patient exposure to toxic environmental chemicals and other stressors is ubiquitous, and preconception and prenatal exposure to ... Vulnerable Populations and Environmental Disparities. Although exposure to toxic environmental agents is ubiquitous among all ...

https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee_Opinions/Committee_on_Health_Care_for_Underserved_Women/Exposure_to-Toxic-Environmental-Agents

Contact the nearest Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit to learn how to protect your child from exposure to health ... Childrens rapid development during the fetal period through early childhood makes them more vulnerable to environmental ... Lets Talk about Environmental Health. Taking an environmental exposure history (asking about potential hazards around you) is ... Many environmental exposures in children and pregnant women can be prevented-and you can learn how. Contact the PEHSU closest ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/features/pehsu/index.html

Visit CDCs Environmental Public Health Tracking Network to explore pesticide exposures data, and learn more about pesticide ... CDCs Environmental Public Health Tracking: Tips to Limit Various Types of Pesticide Exposures. ... The Tracking Network now has data on pesticide exposures and pesticide-related illness in the United States. These data come ... exposures, risk, and prevention.. www.cdc.gov/ephtracking. www.aapcc.orgexternal icon. 1-800-222-1222. (Poison Control ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/multimedia/infographics/pesticide_exposure.html

Environmental Smoke Exposure. A Complex Cardiovascular Challenge. Martin Hausberg, Virend K. Somers ... Passive smoking, or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, is a significant public health concern. It is widespread and ... Argacha et al3 have shown that both tobacco exposure and nontobacco sidestream smoke exposure increase plasma levels of ... In summary, Argacha et al3 provide important and novel insights into the mechanisms of vascular damage by ETS exposure. Passive ...

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/51/6/1468

Because many hazardous exposures from environmental and occupational sources either manifest as common medical problems or have ... In addition, the downloadable PDF version pdf icon[PDF - 695 KB] of this educational series and other environmental medicine ... About This and Other Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. This educational case study document is one in a series of self- ... Please interpret the environmental/occupational medicine and the health education resources in light of specific information ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/exposure-history/cover-page.html

This summary of waterborne disease outbreaks associated with environmental or undetermined exposure to water highlights the ... Environmental exposures. Undetermined exposures. Legionella, No. (% of total)*. Other etiology†, No. (% of total)*. Total. ... The environmental exposure to water category includes outbreaks not associated with exposure to drinking water systems (i.e., ... Fifteen outbreaks associated with an environmental exposure to water and 12 outbreaks with an undetermined exposure to water ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/888396

Exposure from lead-based paint was significant among children in the past. Although lead was banned from use in residential ... Which environmental exposures cause lead toxicity?. Updated: Jan 16, 2020 * Author: Pranay Kathuria, MD, FACP, FASN, FNKF; ... Environmental lead exposure and progression of chronic renal diseases in patients without diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jan 23. ... Environmental lead exposure and progressive renal insufficiency. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jan 22. 161(2):264-71. [Medline]. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1174752-197079/which-environmental-exposures-cause-lead-toxicity

... environmental xprt on the worlds largest environmental portal. View product and services catalogs, brochures, case studies, ... Find and compare a variety of exposure standard downloads , ... Luzchem LED Exposure Panels EXPO-LED Luzchem LED Exposure ... About Environmental XPRT. Environmental XPRT is a global environmental industry marketplace and information resource. Online ... Casella dBadge Personal Sound Exposure Meter - Datasheet dBADGE Designed to make personal noise exposure measurements with ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/downloads/keyword-exposure-standard-45018

Find and compare a variety of on the worlds largest environmental portal. View product and services catalogs, brochures, case ... Environmental Exposure Science Symposium 2013 Brochure Regional Perspectives to Integrate Exposure & Exposome Measurement with ... About Environmental XPRT. Environmental XPRT is a global environmental industry marketplace and information resource. Online ... Sector-specific worker exposure descriptions (SWEDs) ? Specific environmental exposure categories (SpERCs). c) How registrants ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/downloads/keyword-exposure-assessment-2255

This Review This review provides a summary of statistical approaches that researchers can use to study environmental exposure ... This review provides a summary of statistical approaches that researchers can use to study environmental exposure mixtures. Two ... Complementing the genome with an "exposome": the outstanding challenge of environmental exposure measurement in molecular ... Complex mixtures Environmental epidemiology Bayesian methods Machine learning This article is part of the Topical Collection on ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40471-018-0145-0

Road traffic is the most widespread source of environmental noise, with more than 100 million people affected by harmful levels ... implementing and evaluating environmental policy, and also the general public ... Noise pollution is a major environmental health problem in Europe. ... Exposure to environmental noise can lead to annoyance, stress reactions, sleep disturbance, poor mental health and well-being, ...

https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/exposure-to-and-annoyance-by-2/assessment-3

Tag: chemical exposure. Research SSEHRI in the News What Do Human Research Subjects Have the Right to Know? s.knutson October 4 ... Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute , Designed by: Theme Freesia , WordPress , © Copyright All right ... Check out the latest news and updates on our researchers and fellow environmental health advocates! ... 2013 No Comments chemical exposureEthics Instituteinformed consentInstitutional Review BoardsPhil Brownpost-Belmont ethics ...

https://www.northeastern.edu/environmentalhealth/tag/chemical-exposure/

Asbestos exposure and histological subtype of malignant mesothelioma P Franklin, H Alfonso, A Reid, N Olsen, K B Shilkin, F ... 1322 Exposure to static magnetic fields and disturbances of active implantable medical devices R Pääkkönen, L Korpinen ... Inflammation in induced sputum after aluminium oxide exposure: an experimental chamber study LIB Sikkeland, N E Alexis, RC Fry ... 1085 Exposure to hand-arm vibration and risk factors for havs amongst oil workers in the uae MA Ali ...

https://oem.bmj.com/keyword/exposure

The mission of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is to discover how the environment affects people in ... Pearson Explores How Environmental Exposures Harm the Brain Pearson Explores How Environmental Exposures Harm the Brain ... Initiatives in Environmental Health Science Explore Initiatives in Environmental Health Science *Coronavirus Updates from NIEHS ... NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human ...

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/centers/core/spotlight/pearson/index.cfm

DoD identifies and validates veterans exposure to CB agents and monitors deployment-related exposure incidents and trends. ... exposures and are responsible for developing DoD deployment occupational and environmental health surveillance, risk assessment ... Topics: Environmental Exposures , Chemical and Biological Exposures Military Occupational Environmental Health and Medical ... Environmental Exposures , Biological Surveillance Tools Health Risk Assessment Burn Pit Exposures Balad Air Base Iraq Report ...

https://health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Environmental-Exposures

DoD identifies and validates veterans exposure to CB agents and monitors deployment-related exposure incidents and trends. ... exposures and are responsible for developing DoD deployment occupational and environmental health surveillance, risk assessment ... Environmental Exposures, Surveillance Tools, Reserve Health Readiness Program, and more Topics Submenu. * MHS Transformation ... Environmental Exposures. The Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) play distinct roles in ...

https://health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Environmental-Exposures?type=Publications

1633a Organic dust exposure - beneficial or harmful? V Schlünssen. Occupational and Environmental Medicine Apr 2018, 75 (Suppl ... 780 Contributions of dermal vs air exposure to biomonitoring for solvent exposure Matteo Creta, Horatiu Moldovan, Septimiu ... 1451 Occupational exposure to pesticides among farmers: outcomes of survey and leads for prevention Y Moreau, A-S Lacauve, S ... Occupational and Environmental Medicine Apr 2018, 75 (Suppl 2) A478-A479; DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-ICOHabstracts.1362 ...

https://oem.bmj.com/keyword/occupational-exposure?page=3

Measurement of environmental tobacco smoke exposure among adults with asthma.. Eisner MD1, Katz PP, Yelin EH, Hammond SK, Blanc ... followed by work exposure (0.03 microg/m(3)), other (outdoor) exposure (0.025 microg/m(3)), and no exposure (0 microg/m(3); p ... Limited evidence suggests that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) may adversely affect adults with asthma. To study ... even with low levels of exposure. This instrument could be a valuable tool for studying the effect of ETS exposure on adult ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11564616?dopt=Abstract

Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke: The Report of the California Environmental Protection Agency. ... Childrens exposure to tobacco constituents during fetal development and via environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is ... Survey instruments for measuring exposure to ETS have been developed and validated against environmental measures of exposure. ... Prenatal and Postnatal Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Childrens Health. Joseph R. DiFranza, C. Andrew Aligne, ...

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/Supplement_3/1007.long

... Details 22 August 2005 ... The goal is to track exposure to these chemicals over time and try to determine risk levels for various segments of the ... A recent report from the U.S. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) looked at human exposure to these chemicals. ... The study will follow 100,000 children in the U.S. as they grow to find out how chemical exposure, genetics, physical ...

https://www.enn.com/articles/2386

Genetic Profile, Environmental Exposure, and Their Interaction in Parkinsons Disease. Letizia Polito,1 Antonio Greco,2 and ... Association with pesticide exposure?" Journal of Neurology, vol. 256, no. 1, pp. 115-120, 2009. View at Publisher · View at ... S. M. Goldman, P. J. Quinlan, G. W. Ross et al., "Solvent exposures and Parkinson disease risk in twins," Annals of Neurology, ... T. T. Warner and A. H. V. Schapira, "Genetic and environmental factors in the cause of Parkinsons disease," Annals of ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/pd/2016/6465793/ref/

Exposure to secondhand smoke. In: Ott WR, Steinenmann AC, Wallace LA , eds. Exposure Analysis. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007:201- ... Evaluating exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. In: Winegar ED, Keith LH , eds. Sampling and Analysis of Airborne ... Measuring exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in studies of acute health effects. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:1089-97. ... Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in German restaurants, pubs and discotheques. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2008;18:262- ...

http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2012/09/03/tobaccocontrol-2011-050301

Congress approved a series of sweeping legislative measures, including the Clean Air Act (1970), the Water Pollution Control Act (1972), and the Environmental Pesticide Control Act (1972), each designed to clean up hundreds of chemicals in the environment and preclude further irreparable damage. (nih.gov)
The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), for example, was established in 1980 as a joint program of three cooperating organizations-the International Labor Organization, the United Nations Environmental Programme, and the World Health Organization-to carry out and disseminate evaluations of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals. (nih.gov)
The IPCS evaluates the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, provides an intergovernmental mechanism for chemical risk assessment and management, establishes the scientific basis for the safe use of chemicals, and strengthens national capabilities and capacities for chemical safety. (nih.gov)
Imperceptible chemicals include a number of environmental contaminants that may get into food from packaging or residues from the use of solvents, veterinary drugs, or pesticides. (nih.gov)
The National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals provides an ongoing assessment of the U.S. population's exposure to environmental chemicals using biomonitoring. (cdc.gov)
Biomonitoring is the assessment of human exposure to chemicals by measuring the chemicals or their metabolites in human specimens such as blood or urine. (cdc.gov)
The Fourth Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals has measured 212 chemicals in people's blood or urine-75 of which have never before been measured in the U.S. population. (cdc.gov)
It also includes all the summary data from each previous National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals and each of the previous Updated Tables . (cdc.gov)
How-To Guide for visualizing data from the National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals on the Tracking Network. (cdc.gov)
The Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, 2009 , (the Fourth Report, 2009 ) presents data for 212 chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Patient exposure to toxic environmental chemicals and other stressors is ubiquitous, and preconception and prenatal exposure to toxic environmental agents can have a profound and lasting effect on reproductive health across the life course. (acog.org)
Chemicals in pregnant women can cross the placenta, and in some cases, such as with methyl mercury, can accumulate in the fetus, resulting in higher fetal exposure than maternal exposure ( 5-7 ). (acog.org)
Prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals is linked to various adverse health consequences, and patient exposure at any point in time can lead to harmful reproductive health outcomes. (acog.org)
A recent report from the U.S. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) looked at human exposure to these chemicals. (enn.com)
The goal is to track exposure to these chemicals over time and try to determine risk levels for various segments of the population. (enn.com)
One of the groups most vulnerable to exposure to industrial chemicals is children. (enn.com)
Colborn says, "Because total estrogen exposure is the single most important risk factor for breast cancer, estrogenic chemicals are an obvious suspect when searching for the cause of rising rates over the past half century. (emagazine.com)
Further studies are needed to fully assess the links and impacts of these environmental chemicals on brain development during pregnancy. (news-medical.net)
According to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that may interfere with the body s endocrine system and produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune effects in both humans and wildlife. (webwire.com)
As society has become more aware of potential harm from exposure to various endocrine disruptors, this group of chemicals has received increasing attention from many scientists and public health advocates. (webwire.com)
They were evaluated for both prenatal and postnatal exposures, such as air pollution, natural spaces, lifestyle, chemicals in the environment, noise levels, and the built-up surroundings. (news-medical.net)
Melissa Perry, Sc.D., M.H.S., professor and chair of the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health at the GW School of Public Health and Health Services and adjunct associate professor at the Harvard School of Public Health, led an observational study indicating that environmental exposure to organochlorine chemicals, including Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p´-DDE (the main metabolite of the insecticide DDT) can affect male reproduction. (redorbit.com)
This research adds to the already existing body of evidence suggesting that environmental exposure to certain chemicals can affect male fertility and reproduction. (redorbit.com)
Newton, Mass. (Oct. 10, 2017) - Exposure to environmental chemicals, especially early in life, is an important contributing factor in the development of breast cancer, according to the most comprehensive review of human studies to date. (eurekalert.org)
In 2007, researchers from Silent Spring Institute published in the journal Cancer a landmark state-of-the-science review on the link between environmental chemicals and breast cancer. (eurekalert.org)
Since the first review, hundreds of studies have been published on environmental chemicals and breast cancer. (eurekalert.org)
Results from key studies suggest that exposure to chemicals early in life--in the womb, during puberty, and through pregnancy--increases the risk of developing breast cancer later on. (eurekalert.org)
Variations in people's genes can also affect how people's bodies respond to certain environmental chemicals. (eurekalert.org)
Unfortunately, it's hard to measure exposures to multiple chemicals at multiple times in a person's life. (eurekalert.org)
The first Edition of the National Report, released in 2001, presented levels for 27 environmental chemicals measured in the U.S. population. (epa.gov)
She will also discuss the latest research on autism risk and exposure to environmental chemicals. (autismspeaks.org)
This review summarizes recent evidence that prenatal exposure to diverse environmental chemicals dysregulates the fetal epigenome, with potential consequences for subsequent developmental disorders and disease manifesting in childhood, over the lifecourse, or even transgenerationally. (nih.gov)
The primordial germ cells, embryo, and fetus are highly susceptible to epigenetic dysregulation by environmental chemicals, which can thereby exert multiple adverse effects. (nih.gov)
The findings discussed indicate that identification of environmental chemicals that dysregulate the prenatal epigenome should be a priority in health research and disease prevention. (nih.gov)
Speakers will make links between exposure to environmental chemicals and increased incidence of weight gain, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and aspects of metabolic syndrome in animal models and human studies. (nationalacademies.org)
Two panels at the end of the workshop will provide a chance to discuss opportunities for new research and possible policy actions to address exposure to chemicals associated with the development of obesity. (nationalacademies.org)
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals. (harvard.edu)
Three thousand are "high production volume" chemicals, meaning they are the most widely used and thus, pose the greatest potential for human exposure. (kevinmd.com)
New research has identified "critical windows of vulnerability" in fetal life and early childhood, when exposures to toxic chemicals can cause devastating injury to the brain and nervous system. (kevinmd.com)
Researchers are now learning that the brain injury caused by prenatal exposures to toxic chemicals can result in learning disabilities and probably also in autism and ADHD. (kevinmd.com)
For this reason, our team at the Mount Sinai Children's Environmental Health Center has developed a list of the top ten chemicals - all widely distributed in the environment - that we suspect may cause autism and learning disabilities. (kevinmd.com)
NTP has identified atherosclerosis as a good endpoint for evaluating potential health effects of environmental chemicals that may act by first causing inflammation. (nih.gov)
Environmental chemicals or pollutants are not only hazardous to our ecosystem but also lead to various health problems that affect the human population worldwide irrespective of gender, race or age. (degruyter.com)
Environmental chemicals or pollutants are not only hazardous to our ecosystem and ecological equilibrium but also lead to various health issues affecting the human population worldwide. (degruyter.com)
Over the past century the levels of environmental toxins and chemicals have increased, as have exposure to novel molecules or combination of factors that can affect enamel formation. (sciencecodex.com)
EPA is studying the relationship between chemical exposures and environmental stressors to better understand the cumulative risk and lifetime health effects of early life exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals. (epa.gov)
EPA scientists have conducted a series of studies to provide a better understanding of the chemical sources, pathways and routes of exposure, and other factors that contribute most to children's exposures to chemicals. (epa.gov)
This will allow for better and earlier decisions on when and how to reduce or eliminate children's exposures to chemicals. (epa.gov)
This book explores the ongoing assessment of the exposure of the U.S. population to environmental chemicals by the use of biomonitoring. (novapublishers.com)
It provides unique exposure information to scientists, physicians, and health officials to help prevent exposure to some environmental chemicals. (novapublishers.com)
The Children's Environmental Exposure Research Study (or CHEERS) was a study conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency designed to examine how children may be exposed to pesticides and other chemicals used in U.S. households, such as phthalates, brominated flame retardants, and perfluorinated compounds (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and others). (wikipedia.org)

In this series of articles, three topic assessments summarising current knowledge about measuring secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) are presented, covering self-reported measures, environmental measurements and biomarkers, and are based on a multidisciplinary expert meeting held in late 2008 at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA and supported by the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI). (bmj.com)
Effects of exposure to low levels of environmental cadmium on renal biomarkers. (nih.gov)
We conducted a study among residents of a small community contaminated with heavy metals from a defunct zinc smelter and residents from a comparison community to determine whether biologic measures of cadmium exposure were associated with biomarkers of early kidney damage. (nih.gov)
The findings of this study indicate that biologic measures of cadmium exposure at levels below 2.0 microg/g creatinine may produce measurable changes in kidney biomarkers. (nih.gov)
This paper presents a rationale for the use of biomarkers in detecting early stages of environmental stress and describes the greater responsiveness of biomarkers to varied and multiple stressors. (springer.com)
In Biomarkers of environmental contamination , ed. (springer.com)
1990). Biomarkers of environmental exposure: developing methods for assessment and monitoring. (springer.com)
NTP is conducting a systematic review to evaluate whether environmental substances contribute to inflammation that leads to atherosclerosis and to evaluate key biomarkers of the associated inflammation. (nih.gov)
View Enamel Defects as Biomarkers for Exposure to Environmental Stressors in the IADR General Session Virtual Experience Platform. (sciencecodex.com)
Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy was quantified using self-report and serum cotinine biomarkers. (unc.edu)

Passive smoking, or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, is a significant public health concern. (ahajournals.org)
The investigators observed that sidestream tobacco smoke, but not air or nontobacco smoke, increased the augmentation index and heart rate, an effect that persisted even after the end of tobacco smoke exposure. (ahajournals.org)
Thus, it is conceivable that nicotine-induced sympathetic excitation is responsible for the blunted skin microvascular reactivity occurring after tobacco smoke exposure but not after herbal smoke exposure. (ahajournals.org)
Argacha et al 3 have shown that both tobacco exposure and nontobacco sidestream smoke exposure increase plasma levels of asymmetrical dimethylarginine, a potent endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase. (ahajournals.org)
Measurement of environmental tobacco smoke exposure among adults with asthma. (nih.gov)
Limited evidence suggests that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) may adversely affect adults with asthma. (nih.gov)
Children's exposure to tobacco constituents during fetal development and via environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is perhaps the most ubiquitous and hazardous of children's environmental exposures. (aappublications.org)
The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on children's birth weight has been recognized since 1957, 1 and the first report concerning the adverse effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on children's health was published in 1967. (aappublications.org)
Aligne and Stoddard 4 estimated the annual excess in deaths in children younger than 5 years as a result of tobacco smoke exposure at close to 6000, exceeding deaths as a result of all injuries combined. (aappublications.org)
The complex composition of secondhand smoke (SHS) provides a range of constituents that can be measured in environmental samples (air, dust and on surfaces) and therefore used to assess non-smokers' exposure to tobacco smoke. (bmj.com)
Monitoring SHS exposure (SHSe) in indoor environments provides useful information on the extent and consequences of SHSe, implementing and evaluating tobacco control programmes and behavioural interventions, and estimating overall burden of disease caused by SHSe. (bmj.com)
The most widely used markers have been vapour-phase nicotine and respirable particulate matter (PM). Numerous other environmental analytes of SHS have been measured in the air including carbon monoxide, 3-ethenylpyridine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and volatile organic compounds, as well as nicotine in dust and on surfaces. (bmj.com)
To explore pediatricians' information gathering and documentation practices regarding patients' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and perception of the effect of ETS on the health of their patients and practice community. (aap.org)
A majority of pediatricians (72%) say they routinely record exposure to tobacco smoke on their patients' charts. (aap.org)
Most pediatricians are aware of the effects of tobacco smoke on patient and community health, and routinely inquire about and document patients' exposure to ETS. (aap.org)
examine toxicology and exposure science of new and emerging tobacco products. (trdrp.org)
In addition to combustible cigarette use, a plethora of new electronic tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes, "heat-not-burn" devices and "modified risk tobacco products" (MRTP), are now sold with claims to reduce risk from tobacco use or exposure. (trdrp.org)
This research priority is crucial to understanding how exposure to tobacco and its toxicants may lead to a toxicology paradigm that defines human health risk. (trdrp.org)
We sought to quantitatively evaluate the association between work-place environmental tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer. (nih.gov)
We performed a meta-analysis in 2003 of data from 22 studies from multiple locations worldwide of workplace environmental tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer risk. (nih.gov)
95% confidence interval [CI]=1.18, 1.29) among workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. (nih.gov)
95% CI=1.33, 2.60) was observed for workers classified as being highly exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. (nih.gov)
A strong relationship was observed between lung cancer and duration of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. (nih.gov)
The findings from this investigation provide the strongest evidence to date that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. (nih.gov)
Environmental tobacco. (bmj.com)
To estimate the risk of ischaemic heart disease caused by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and to explain why the associated excess risk is almost half that of smoking 20 cigarettes per day when the exposure is only about 1% that of smoking. (bmj.com)
Meta-analysis of all 19 acceptable published studies of risk of ischaemic heart disease in lifelong non-smokers who live with a smoker and in those who live with a non-smoker, five large prospective studies of smoking and ischaemic heart disease, and studies of platelet aggregation and studies of diet according to exposure to tobacco smoke. (bmj.com)
The relative risk of ischaemic heart disease associated with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.38) at age 65. (bmj.com)
Two separate analyses indicated that non-smokers who live with smokers eat a diet that places them at a 6% higher risk of ischaemic heart disease, so the direct effect of environmental tobacco smoke is to increase risk by 23% (14% to 33%), since 1.30/1.06=1.23. (bmj.com)
1 2 3 4 5 It seems implausible that the effect of environmental exposure to tobacco smoke should be so large when the excess risk associated with smoking 20 cigarettes per day is only about 80% at age 65 (the average age of ischaemic heart disease events in the studies). (bmj.com)
Firstly, we conducted a meta-analysis of the studies of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (or passive smoking) and ischaemic heart disease. (bmj.com)
All the studies used spouse's smoking as an objective measure of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (non-smokers who live with smokers have greater exposure both inside and outside the home 13 37 ). (bmj.com)
Exposure to dust mites and tobacco smoke are risk factors for the development of asthma and may also exacerbate existing asthma. (aappublications.org)
For the purposes of this article, the home environment includes exposures inside the home (eg, dust mites, cats and dogs, cockroaches, environmental tobacco smoke, molds) and also exposures in the neighborhood of the home (eg, outdoor air pollutants, violence). (aappublications.org)
These environmental changes result in increased exposure to air and traffic pollution, fungi, infectious agents, tobacco smoke, and other early-life and lifelong risk factors for the development and exacerbation of asthma and allergic diseases. (jci.org)
Environmental exposures with reported associations to atherosclerosis include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, persistent organic pollutants, diesel exhaust particles, particulate matter, phthalates, metals, and second-hand tobacco smoke. (nih.gov)
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is hypothesized to influence survival after breast cancer, but few studies have examined this association. (aacrjournals.org)
Few studies ( 1-4 ) have examined whether environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure increases the risk of mortality among women with breast cancer, and no studies to date have prospectively examined the impact of postdiagnosis changes in ETS exposure on mortality. (aacrjournals.org)
We used logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression to estimate the association between urine cadmium concentrations and caries experience, adjusting these analyses for potential confounders including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). (harvard.edu)
Less is known about the association between prenatal secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and childhood BMI. (unc.edu)
We used linear mixed models to estimate the association between tobacco smoke exposure and BMI at birth, 4 weeks, and 1, 2 and 3 years. (unc.edu)
These findings suggest active and secondhand prenatal tobacco smoke exposure may be related to an important public health problem in childhood and later life. (unc.edu)
In addition, accurate quantification of prenatal secondhand tobacco smoke exposures is essential to obtaining valid estimates. (unc.edu)

Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (JESEE) aims to be the premier and authoritative source of information on advances in exposure science for professionals in a wide range of environmental and public health disciplines. (nature.com)
JESEE is particularly interested in publishing research that integrates information from exposure science, epidemiology, and toxicology to provide holistic understanding of the most pressing environmental and public health concerns. (nature.com)
Complementing the genome with an "exposome": the outstanding challenge of environmental exposure measurement in molecular epidemiology. (springer.com)
A new study by Simon Fraser University's Faculty of Health Sciences researchers - published today in the American Journal of Epidemiology - found correlations between increased expressions of autistic-like behaviors in pre-school aged children to gestational exposure to select environmental toxicants, including metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalates, and bisphenol-A (BPA). (news-medical.net)
What Have We Learned about Autism and the Environment: An Epidemiologist's Perspective will be presented by Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Ph.D., professor of epidemiology with the UC-Davis MIND Institute, chair of the UC-Davis Division of Environmental Health, and deputy director of the UC Davis Children's Center or Environmental Health. (autismspeaks.org)
The aim of this book is to develop an understanding and knowledge of exposure assessment methods and their application to substantive issues in occupational and environmental epidemiology. (abebooks.com)
It is focused on exposure assessment in both occupational and environmental epidemiology since there are many similarities but also some interesting differences. (abebooks.com)
The book will be of interest to all concerned with exposure assessment and epidemiology. (abebooks.com)
It will be a valuable source for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in exposure assessment, occupational hygiene, environmental science, epidemiology, toxicology, biostatistics, occupational and environmental health, health risk assessment and related disciplines and a useful resource of reference for policy makers and regulators. (abebooks.com)
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen is a Senior Lecturer in Environmental Epidemiology, Imperial College, London. (abebooks.com)
From the foreword by David Savitz: 'This book represents an important attempt to come to grips with the distinctive challenges and opportunities in exposure assessment and environmental epidemiology. (abebooks.com)
The Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (JESEE) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focused on exposure science for professionals in a wide range of environmental and public health disciplines. (wikipedia.org)
It was established in 1991 as the Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology and obtained its current name in 2006. (wikipedia.org)
The Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (JESEE) is the official journal of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES). (wikipedia.org)

As a result, breast milk is not routinely tested for environmental pollutants. (cdc.gov)
Frequently patients present to their physicians with questions or concerns about exposures to such substances as lead, air pollutants and pesticides. (cmaj.ca)
Exposure to outdoor air pollutants primarily leads to increased exacerbations, sometimes manifested as asthma clusters. (aappublications.org)
Effective measures to prevent exposures to these pollutants are available. (aappublications.org)
4.1 The relative durability of materials in natural exposures can be very different depending on the location of the exposure because of differences in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, time of wetness, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. (astm.org)
Wildfire smoke contains numerous hazardous air pollutants and many studies have documented population health effects from this exposure. (nih.gov)
To date, population exposure to air pollutants has been assessed using air monitoring data from fixed atmospheric monitoring stations, atmospheric dispersion modeling, or spatial interpolation techniques for pollutant concentrations. (mdpi.com)
Researchers are uncovering a definite link between environmental pollutants and a growing number of autoimmune diseases. (thefreelibrary.com)
This literature review focuses on the causal relationship between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) exposure and women's health disorders, particularly cancer, cardio-metabolic events and reproductive health. (degruyter.com)
Set against a background of growing public, media and political concern about occupational and environmental health issues, and a scientific need to better understand and explain the effects of pollutants on human health, this book is a unique resource. (abebooks.com)
As several of the effects of particulate matter in foundries are similar to those found after exposure to ambient air pollution, our results open new hypotheses about how air pollutants modify human health," he added. (scienceblog.com)

The ideas, research, and actions from across Harvard University aimed at finding solutions to climate change, pollution, and environmental contamination for all communities. (harvard.edu)
Noise pollution is a major environmental health problem in Europe. (europa.eu)
Noise from railways and aircraft has a much lower impact in terms of overall population noise exposure, but both remain significant sources of localised noise pollution. (europa.eu)
Chronic exposure to household indoor smoke and outdoor air pollution is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. (springer.com)
In adults, chronic exposure to biomass smoke, ambient air pollution, and opportunistic exposure to fumes and dust are associated with an increased risk of developing chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and respiratory infections, including tuberculosis. (springer.com)
The guidance and brochure provide simple directions to help prevent and reduce exposure to people from mercury pollution. (eponline.com)
For instance, early exposure to DDT, dioxins, the highly-fluorinated chemical PFOSA, and air pollution, is associated with a two- to five-fold increased risk of breast cancer. (eurekalert.org)
Effects of exposure to surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise with non-accidental and cause-specific mortality in the Dutch national cohort. (harvard.edu)
Concerns about the adverse effects of air pollution on children's health and development are important determinants of environmental and public health policies. (who.int)
The few published worldwide studies all indicate a significant health burden caused by long-term exposure air pollution. (who.int)
Human exposure to air pollution is a major public health concern. (mdpi.com)
Recent technologies such as sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), communications technology, and artificial intelligence enable the accurate evaluation of air pollution exposure for a population in an environmental health context. (mdpi.com)
In this study, the latest trends in published papers on the assessment of population exposure to air pollution were reviewed. (mdpi.com)
Subsequently, this study proposes a methodology that will enable policymakers to develop an environmental health surveillance system that evaluates the distribution of air pollution exposure for a population within a target area and establish countermeasures based on advanced exposure assessment. (mdpi.com)
Contributions from an expert panel of international practitioners provide a comprehensive reference on the state of the art methods and applications in the field of occupational and environmental pollution and the adverse health effects, particularly the exposure assessment in epidemiological studies. (abebooks.com)
After the formation of the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970, American photography increasingly recast familiar spaces and themes-the natural world, the city, the home, the automobile-in light of growing anxieties around waste, energy use, pollution, and development. (stanford.edu)

Studies of each of these problems suggest independent effects of both pre- and postnatal exposure for each, with the respiratory risk associated with parental smoking seeming to be greatest during fetal development and the first several years of life. (aappublications.org)
The underlying mechanisms for what has been termed "developmental programming" have not been definitively established, although reprogramming of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis as a result of poor maternal nutrition and exposure of developing fetal tissues to excess glucocorticoids is thought to underlie developmental programming for some metabolic diseases of both humans and rodents ( 11 ). (pnas.org)

This Review highlights epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence linking environmental exposures to the development and exacerbation of allergic airway responses. (jci.org)

Taking an environmental exposure history (asking about potential hazards around you) is essential for health care providers to understand patients' exposure risks and help reduce them. (cdc.gov)
The degree of cold exposure is essential for the severity and risks associated with the exposure. (sintef.no)
Endocrine Disruptors and Environmental Exposure Risks Identified by EMSL Analytical, Inc. (webwire.com)
Scientific evaluation of these products is needed to better define exposure risks and toxicological profiles. (trdrp.org)
Increased co-use in outdoor or indoor environments requires reassessment of potential exposure health risks. (trdrp.org)
Health Canada recently issued a warning to parents about the unacceptable health risks from exposure to diisononyl phthalate in children under 1 year old who chew on toys made of polyvinyl chloride for extended periods. (cmaj.ca)
Established in 1998, the Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Centers explores ways to reduce children's health risks from environmental factors. (autismspeaks.org)
Risks associated with occupational and environmental exposure are generally small, but the exposed population, and hence the population attributable risk, may be large. (abebooks.com)
Dr. Baccarelli said the study results indicate that early interventions might be designed which would reverse gene programming to normal levels, reducing the health risks of exposure. (scienceblog.com)
Critics, however, contended that the state of knowledge about pesticide exposure risks to infants and children while imprecise, suggests that residential pesticide exposure poses developmental risks to infants and children. (wikipedia.org)

Pearson studies how pesticides and other environmental exposures may cause brain disorders. (nih.gov)
Epidemiological evidence suggests that pesticides and other environmental exposures may have a role in the etiology of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). (ilo.org)

The learning outcomes are to allow those attending to understand the key data endpoints that make up safety assessment and risk assessment , and to see how the different disciplines fit together and link to exposure assessments (for both human health and the environment. (environmental-expert.com)
It allows a straight forward assessment of the exposure , a determination of suitable remedial actions, as well as a control of their effectiveness. (environmental-expert.com)
for personal exposure assessment . (environmental-expert.com)
The Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) play distinct roles in dealing with chemical and biological (CB) exposures and are responsible for developing DoD deployment occupational and environmental health surveillance, risk assessment and risk management policies. (health.mil)
These combined efforts are shaping the future of military medicine by supporting enhanced individual exposure assessment methods. (health.mil)
While PM measurements are not as specific, they can be taken continuously, allowing for assessment of exposure and its variation over time. (bmj.com)
In general, when nicotine and PM are measured in the same setting using a common sampling period, an increase in nicotine concentration of 1 μg/m 3 corresponds to an average increase of 10 μg/m 3 of PM. This topic assessment presents a comprehensive summary of SHSe monitoring approaches using environmental markers and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of these methods and approaches. (bmj.com)
The EPA Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling (CEAM) distributes simulation models and database software designed to determine exposure levels and effects of environmental contaminants on organisms which make up the food chain. (epa.gov)
The data reviewed here on environmental contaminants have potential implications for risk assessment although more data are needed on individual susceptibility to epigenetic alterations and their persistence before this information can be used in formal risk assessments. (nih.gov)
Monitoring and assessment of population exposure to particulate matter (‎PM2.5 and PM10)‎ is a prerequisite of an effective health-related air quality management. (who.int)
Lee, C. Environmental Health Surveillance System for a Population Using Advanced Exposure Assessment. (mdpi.com)
Yang W, Park J, Cho M, Lee C, Lee J, Lee C. Environmental Health Surveillance System for a Population Using Advanced Exposure Assessment. (mdpi.com)
Fundamentally, the health consequences of chemical/pollutant exposure in females are confounded and dictated by biological factors such as menarche, pregnancy, lactation and menopause which are absent when evaluating risk assessment and toxicological profiles simply considering male representatives. (degruyter.com)
To detect small risk, the exposure assessment needs to be very refined. (abebooks.com)
Exposure assessment is the study of the distribution and determinants of potentially hazardous agents, and includes the estimation of intensity, duration and frequency of exposure, the variation of these indices and their determinants. (abebooks.com)
The book outlines the basic principles of exposure assessment, and examines the current status and research questions in the exposure assessment of occupational and environmental epidemiological studies of allergens, particulate matter, chlorination disinfection by-products, agricultural pesticides and radiofrequencies. (abebooks.com)

Should women exposed to environmental toxins breastfeed? (cdc.gov)
In fact, the risk of developing thyroid cancer appears 14-times greater in the individuals who have been exposed to low doses of these environmental toxins, according to Dr. Vincenzo Marotta, the lead study author, who is an oncologist from IRCCS National Cancer Institute in Naples, Italy. (endocrineweb.com)
Read on to learn how to decrease your exposure to toxins and increase your detoxification capacity. (chriskresser.com)
Environmental toxins are not only in the most obvious places, but even personal care products we use on a daily basis. (chriskresser.com)
Previously, I wrote an article about the hundreds of environmental toxins found in our bodies-in our blood and urine and in the umbilical cords of newborns. (chriskresser.com)
This article will provide resources to guide you through decreasing your exposure to toxins and increasing your detoxification capacity. (chriskresser.com)

Chemical Contaminants in Breast Milk, Environmental Health Perspectives June 2002, 110 (6):A313-A315. (cdc.gov)
Kellyn S. Betts writes about environmental contaminants, hazards, and technology for solving environmental problems for publications including Environmental Science & Technology . (nih.gov)
PUBLIC CONCERN AND AWARENESS ARE GROWING about adverse health effects of exposure to environmental contaminants. (cmaj.ca)
We have found that it can be helpful to use the CH 2 OPD 2 mnemonic (Community, Home, Hobbies, Occupation, Personal habits, Diet and Drugs) as a tool to identify a patient's history of exposures to potentially toxic environmental contaminants. (cmaj.ca)
Senator Akaka's bill assumes veterans and their family members are aware of exposure to contaminants in the military. (salem-news.com)
The three common routes of exposure to TCE and other environmental contaminants are ingestion (drinking water), inhalation, and dermal contact. (salem-news.com)

Chemical exposures tend to be widespread, and yet they can have localized sources,' he said. (yahoo.com)
The workshop will explore the role of chemical exposures in the development of obesity through sessions focused on a life span view, possible biologic pathways and environmental influences, and effects of food additives and antibiotics. (nationalacademies.org)

ABSTRACT: Reducing exposure to toxic environmental agents is a critical area of intervention for obstetricians, gynecologists, and other reproductive health care professionals. (acog.org)

NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
Environmental exposures interplay with human host factors to promote the development and progression of allergic diseases. (jci.org)
The interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental exposures is instrumental in shaping the immune system, especially in early life when neonates go from limited environmental exposure in utero to having their skin, lungs, and intestinal tract colonized by fungus and bacteria to form their microbiome. (jci.org)
On March 2-3, 2015, the Roundtable will host a workshop entitled the Interplay between Environmental Exposures and Obesity. (nationalacademies.org)
And still others are caused by the interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures. (kevinmd.com)
The National Institute of Environmental Health Scienced (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program presents the third session in the Risk e-Learning series, The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures and Infectious Agents. (neha.org)

Robust scientific evidence has emerged over the past 15 years, demonstrating that preconception and prenatal exposure to toxic environmental agents can have a profound and lasting effect on reproductive health across the life course ( 1-3 ). (acog.org)
Meanwhile, Ansar Ahmed, a Virginia Tech immunologist, found prenatal exposure to the drug DES (another estrogen-like chemical) caused mice to develop lupus symptoms--but not until later in life. (thefreelibrary.com)
Using self-reported prenatal exposure resulted in non-differential exposure misclassification of SHS exposures that attenuated the association between SHS exposure and BMI compared with serum cotinine concentrations. (unc.edu)

8 However, its potential carcinogencity has not been classified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the National Toxicology Program. (nih.gov)
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , 44 , 643-649. (springer.com)
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 8 , 1103-1123. (springer.com)
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 4 , 703-710. (springer.com)
He has organized symposia and workshops and chaired sessions on arsenic exposure and toxicology at international conferences and published over 100 articles. (wiley.com)
Our body can effectively detoxify most of these substances, but various molecules as well as co-exposures can impact drug efficacy," says Benedikt Warth, deputy head of the Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology at the Faculty of Chemistry and coordinator of the newly founded national exposome research infrastructure, EIRENE Austria. (bionity.com)
In 2018, the journal had a 2-year impact factor of 3.025, and a 5-year impact factor of 3.191, and ranks 88/250 of "Environmental Science" journals, 44/185 of "Public, Environmental & Occupational Health" journals, and 39/93 of "Toxicology" journals. (wikipedia.org)

The study's lead author, Josh Alampi, notes that this study primarily 'highlights the relationships between select environmental toxicants and increased SRS scores. (news-medical.net)
2021) Gestational Exposure to Toxicants and Autistic Behaviors using Bayesian Quantile Regression. (news-medical.net)

Most doctors agree that counseling patients about environmental health hazards could prevent exposures. (cdc.gov)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency updated its guidance on how to properly clean up a broken compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) as well as guidance recommending that schools take steps to reduce potential exposures to PCBs from older fluorescent lighting fixtures. (eponline.com)
In addition, the agency released guidance recommending that schools take steps to reduce potential exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from older fluorescent lighting fixtures. (eponline.com)
This exposure determination will include all job classifications with potential exposures and all tasks and procedures in which occupational exposure occurs and that are performed by employees listed in the at-risk job classifications. (yu.edu)

The evidence that links exposure to toxic environmental agents and adverse reproductive and developmental health outcomes is sufficiently robust, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine join leading scientists and other clinical practitioners in calling for timely action to identify and reduce exposure to toxic environmental agents while addressing the consequences of such exposure. (acog.org)
Prenatal phenol and phthalate exposures and birth outcomes. (springer.com)
This instrument could be a valuable tool for studying the effect of ETS exposure on adult asthma health outcomes. (nih.gov)
The review also addresses studies looking at the associations between health outcomes and exposures to POPs, particularly, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and pesticides, reported in cohort studies while accounting for gender differences. (degruyter.com)
Increasing evidence points to associations between early life exposures to chemical and non-chemical stressors and a wide range of children's health outcomes. (epa.gov)
The changes were detectable after only three days of exposure to particulate matter, indicating that environmental factors need little time to cause gene reprogramming which is potentially associated with disease outcomes," Dr. Baccarelli said. (scienceblog.com)

Regional Perspectives to Integrate Exposure & Exposome Measurement with Effects on Human Health Environmental exposure science is moving away from a single point bottom-up strategy of measuring one exposure and one effect to a top-down discovery approach. (environmental-expert.com)
Phys.org) -A number of years ago, a paper was published in Environmental Health Perspectives by Maureen Gwinn and Val Vallyathan that reflected concern about nanoparticles. (phys.org)
The research was published online on Dec. 21, 2011 in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives. (redorbit.com)
This list has already been accepted by Environmental Health Perspectives , the most highly ranked journal in environmental health, and will be published later this year. (kevinmd.com)
Environmental Health Perspectives 116(6): 821-825. (harvard.edu)

Because the morbidity and mortality from adult asthma have been increasing, the identification of modifiable environmental exposures that exacerbate asthma has become a priority. (nih.gov)

The attributable risk to asbestos exposure (occupational and/or environmental) is somehow different in pleural (PLM) and peritoneal malignant mesothelioma (PEM), with some recent studies suggesting a more limited role of occupational asbestos exposure in the etiology of PEM. (lww.com)

Still, our ability to prevent allergic diseases is hindered by gaps in understanding of the underlying mechanisms and interaction of environmental, viral, and allergen exposures with immune pathways that impact disease development. (jci.org)

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support research establishing a link between environmental exposure and the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). (nih.gov)
Although completely eliminating exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) may not be possible, there are steps you can take to reduce your family's exposure to this chemical by avoiding common sources and limiting exposure for the highest risk groups. (ewg.org)
BPA has countless uses, several of which have been highlighted as an exposure risk. (ewg.org)
Just their physical size puts children at greater risk of exposure. (cdc.gov)
Please define the meaning of "risk" from the perspective of environmental monitoring. (environmental-expert.com)
21 Smoking during pregnancy seems to add an additional risk to that associated with postnatal exposure to ETS. (aappublications.org)
Reading exposure: a (largely) environmental risk factor with envi. (ingentaconnect.com)
A number of recent studies of male breast cancer suggest risk is associated with excessive estrogen exposure," Donegan reports. (emagazine.com)
Using a case-control design, this study examined self-reports of exposure to pesticide products, organic pesticides such as rotenone, and other occupational and environmental exposures on the risk of PD in an East Texas population. (ilo.org)
The findings demonstrated significantly increased risk of PD with use of organic pesticides such as rotenone in the past year in gardening (OR = 10.9) and any rotenone use in the past (OR = 10.0), the use of chlorpyrifos products (OR = 2.0), past work in an electronics plant (OR = 5.1), and exposure to fluorides (OR = 3.3). (ilo.org)
In summary, this study demonstrates an increased risk of PD associated with organic pesticides such as rotenone and certain other pesticides and environmental exposures in this population. (ilo.org)
Our data suggest that asbestos exposure is the main risk factor not only for PLM but also for PEM, and pointed out the importance of mixed occupational and environmental exposure in etiological pathway leading to such a rare but fatal disease, encouraging any efforts to identify unknown sources of exposure in order to ensure public health. (lww.com)
The emergence of investor-oriented disclosure frameworks, such as the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations, and shifting public expectations about how organisations manage natural resources, mean that companies are having to find new ways to combat environmental risk. (maplecroft.com)
Using our internationally recognised risk indices, we can map global corporate exposure to climate change, natural hazards, water issues and regulatory challenges down to the asset-level. (maplecroft.com)
Our team of experienced environmental specialists and consultants use these data-driven insights as the basis to deliver expert analysis and develop risk mitigation strategies that enable you to pinpoint your risk exposure, so you can understand where to focus your resources and adopt best practice in disclosure. (maplecroft.com)
The compound breaks down rapidly when exposed to sunlight, and regulators once thought this attribute greatly reduced its environmental risk. (eurekalert.org)
Many studies have focused on the effects caused in the developing fetus by exposure to a single agent, but few have looked at the interactions or synergistic effects of being at the receiving end of more than one risk factor. (news-medical.net)
After analysis of the data, confounding factors were accounted for to arrive at an adjusted risk for the incidence of hypertension following exposure to these factors. (news-medical.net)
From the data on exposure, the children were classified into quartiles of risk exposure. (news-medical.net)
The risk for blood pressure changes was observed to change in relation to successively increased quartiles of exposure. (news-medical.net)
Novel and well-established evaluation methods are needed to characterize patterns of exposure and risk in these venues. (trdrp.org)
Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of asthma, and we believe that our ability to combat the detrimental effects of environmental exposures such as secondhand smoke through antioxidant enzyme defense is very important," Dr. Larkin said. (medindia.net)
These data suggest that additional factors, such as diet, exercise, hormonal milieu, and environmental exposures, can significantly modify cancer risk in the presence of an inherited cancer-susceptibility gene. (pnas.org)
Early exposure in the workplace to high levels of organic solvents and gasoline components is also an important risk factor. (eurekalert.org)
The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project, which resulted in many publications on environmental exposures and breast cancer, found that among women exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)--a chemical in vehicle exhaust--those with certain genetic variants had a higher risk of developing breast cancer. (eurekalert.org)
Workers in these industries and people who live or work near areas where these substances are found could be at risk of increased exposure. (webwire.com)
Environmental exposures may increase a child's risk of developing asthma and also may increase the risk of asthma exacerbations. (aappublications.org)
The Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Centers invites the public to join a free webinar on autism risk and environmental exposures on Wednesday, August 8, from 1 to 2:30 p.m. (autismspeaks.org)
Autism Speaks is currently funding Dr. Pessah's research on how environmental exposures may affect autism risk through their effect on the immune system. (autismspeaks.org)
Autism Speaks continues to fund a wealth of research on environmental risk factors for autism . (autismspeaks.org)
Environmental asbestos exposure leads to a high risk of MM in Turkey. (mdpi.com)
Asbestos exposure continues in 379 villages, with 158,068 people still living in high risk areas. (mdpi.com)
The purpose of this FOA is to stimulate research on the role of environmental exposure in neurodegenerative disease (ND) by developing feasibility data for new concepts of disease causation or to adapt and apply new technologies, tools and methods in studies of environmental risk for neurodegenerative diseases. (nih.gov)
Though aging may be a consistent risk factor in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and PD ,environmental exposure contribute to this due to the earlier loss of neuronal redundancy or damage to critical neuronal systems exacerbated by environmental exposures across the life span. (nih.gov)
These environmental effects, which are recorded in the mineralized enamel matrix, may result in changes to the dentition that increase the risk of dental diseases. (sciencecodex.com)
Conclusions: Environmental cadmium exposure may be associated with increased risk of dental caries in deciduous teeth of children. (harvard.edu)

At a time of growing debate over the safety and usefulness of flame retardants added to consumer products, 1 new evidence is emerging about the breadth of human exposure to one of the most widely used of these compounds. (nih.gov)
Human exposure to refining and petroleum refinery process derivatives can happen indirectly in the environment. (hindawi.com)

CHICAGO - An asbestos defendant owed no duty under Illinois law to a woman who married a man after his alleged asbestos exposure, a federal judge held in dismissing her loss of consortium claim on July 14 (Kenneth D. Smith Jr. and Diane Smith v. Crane Co., et al. (lexisnexis.com)
The professionals at Zimmetry offer environmental compliance, indoor air quality, asbestos, lead-based paint, Phase I ESAs and general environmental consulting services. (webwire.com)
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an important health problem due to ongoing asbestos exposure. (mdpi.com)
The Turkish Mesothelioma Working Group and the Turkish Public Health Institute designed and performed the Turkey National Mesothelioma Surveillance and Environmental Asbestos Exposure Control Program (TUNMES-EAECP). (mdpi.com)
The "from case to the field" method was used to determine the villages with current or previous asbestos exposure. (mdpi.com)
Among the population with continuing asbestos exposure in rural areas, the number of MM cases between 2013 and 2033 was estimated as 2511. (mdpi.com)
Asbestos exposure in rural areas continues to be a serious problem in Turkey, which obviates the necessity for effective preventive measures. (mdpi.com)

PEHSUs have addressed children's environmental health for over 20 years. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Pessah also directs the UC Davis Center for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention. (autismspeaks.org)
Philip J. Landrigan is Director of the Children's Environmental Health Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York City, NY. (kevinmd.com)

Members of the Harvard community are taking a variety of approaches to finding solutions to environmental and health inequalities. (harvard.edu)
JESEE publishes research presenting significant advances in exposure science and exposure analysis, including development and application of the latest technologies for measuring exposures, and innovative computational approaches for translating novel data streams to characterize and predict exposures. (nature.com)
This review provides a summary of statistical approaches that researchers can use to study environmental exposure mixtures. (springer.com)
According to Pearson, the Center for Environmental Health in Northern Manhattan (CEHNM) at Columbia University has played a key role in his use of "omics" approaches to understand how environmental exposures harm the brain. (nih.gov)

and postnatal exposure to some pesticides can interfere with all developmental stages of reproductive function in adult females, including puberty, menstruation and ovulation, fertility and fecundity, and menopause. (acog.org)

This ensures effective programs are in place to prevent occupational and environmental injuries or illnesses during deployment. (health.mil)
The proportions of cases with occupational or environmental/familial exposures were similar between PEM and PLM cases (50% occupational and 6% environmental), instead the prevalence of subjects with both occupational and environmental/familial exposure was more than doubled among PEM cases (6.4% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.059). (lww.com)
Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. (lww.com)
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine10(1):21-24, January 1968. (lww.com)

Numerous epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that occupational or accidental exposure to organic compounds and metals result in illnesses including cancer, cardiovascular events and pulmonary diseases. (degruyter.com)

Following the 1962 publication of Rachel Carson's landmark book Silent Spring , environmental toxicity captured the public's attention as a primary health threat. (nih.gov)
Which environmental exposures cause lead toxicity? (medscape.com)

This article reviews several environmental exposures and suggests whether they contribute to asthma prevalence, asthma exacerbations, or both. (aappublications.org)
Outdoor air exposures and violence are not likely to cause the increase in asthma prevalence. (aappublications.org)
Indoor air exposures are more strongly linked to the increase in asthma prevalence. (aappublications.org)
Whether decreasing these exposures will result in decreases in asthma prevalence and exacerbations is not yet documented. (aappublications.org)
The purpose of this article is to review the evidence regarding the link between environmental exposures and asthma prevalence and exacerbations. (aappublications.org)

Contact the experts at your nearest Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU) external icon to learn how to protect your child from exposure to health hazards in the environment. (cdc.gov)
Similarly, among 11 environmental hazards listed, pediatricians believe cigarette smoke has the greatest impact on the health of their patients: on a 5-point scale where 1=greatest effect, the mean score for effect on health was 1.4. (aap.org)
Zimmetry Environmental provides testing and consulting services to detect exposure hazards to possible carcinogens throughout the Caribbean. (webwire.com)
No provision is made for civilian workers injured from exposure to environmental hazards. (salem-news.com)
According to an informed Congressional source, a vote is expected on the bill entitled, "Examination of Exposures to Environmental Hazards During Military Service Act of 2010. (salem-news.com)
Our review showed the bill provides authority to the Secretaries of Veterans Affairs and Defense to establish an Advisory Board to provide expert advice on exposures of current military, veterans and their dependents to environmental hazards on military installations. (salem-news.com)
The bill excludes exposure of military personnel to environmental hazards in Iraq and Afghanistan and any military installation where imminent danger pay is authorized. (salem-news.com)
Also, the bill does not cover civilian workers exposed to environmental hazards. (salem-news.com)
In the case of "military exposures" to environmental hazards, veterans are treated differently since they receive no monthly compensation. (salem-news.com)
Except for Camp Lejeune and Naval Air Station Atsugi, Japan, there are few if any pending claims for environmental hazards. (salem-news.com)
Most people would agree there's a moral responsibility to notify veterans and their dependents that may have been exposed to environmental hazards. (salem-news.com)

3 Using an elegant experimental design, Argacha et al 3 assessed the vascular effects of ETS exposure in humans. (ahajournals.org)
According to scientific estimations, humans are exposed to 10,000 to 100,000 environmental and exogenous compounds in an individual lifetime. (bionity.com)
Humans are exposed to various environmental or dietary molecules that can attenuate or even increase the effect of therapeutic drugs. (bionity.com)
According to scientific estimations, humans are exposed to at least 10,000 to 100,000 environmental and exogenous compounds in an individual lifetime, which are mainly absorbed through our dietary. (bionity.com)

The objective of these studies is to compare different techniques of core body temperature measurement with exposure to cold and hot environments. (clinicaltrials.gov)

A large literature links both prenatal maternal smoking and children's ETS exposure to decreased lung growth and increased rates of respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and childhood asthma, with the severity of these problems increasing with increased exposure. (aappublications.org)
3 A similarly large, although generally newer body of work, clearly links both prenatal maternal smoking and ETS exposure to ear infections, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), behavioral problems, and neurocognitive deficits. (aappublications.org)

This new effort seeks to promote work to further the understanding of the combined roles of exposure and processes implicated in AD such as inflammation and genetic susceptibility. (nih.gov)
Brandon Pearson, Ph.D., is an early-stage investigator interested in understanding the role of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in brain disorders. (nih.gov)
After controlling for genetic and environmental influences that overlapped between 7-year TOWRE and 10-year ART scores, there was evidence for a separate link between 10-year ART and 12-year TOWRE that was due to shared environmental influences. (ingentaconnect.com)
Genetic influences on early reading achievement contribute to later propensities to seek out reading experiences that might, in turn, reciprocally influence reading achievement through shared environmental paths. (ingentaconnect.com)
Evidence has accumulated over the last decades that there is both an environmental and genetic component in neurodegenerative diseases (ND) and no disease is purely caused by one or the other though in familial forms of Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) heritable traits may play a greater role. (nih.gov)

To study the effects of ETS better, we developed a survey instrument to measure ETS exposure in a cohort of adults with asthma living in northern California, where public indoor smoking is limited. (nih.gov)
EMSL provides testing supplies and analytical services to identify many common endocrine disruptors from materials and indoor and outdoor environmental samples. (webwire.com)
EMSL Analytical is a nationally recognized and locally focused provider of environmental, indoor air quality, consumer product and materials testing services and products for professionals and the general public. (webwire.com)

The CDC has launched an online surveillance tool that will track how environmental exposures might impact chronic health conditions. (redorbit.com)
Consistent evidence documents associations between wildfire smoke exposure and general respiratory health effects, specifically exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (nih.gov)

Outdoor particulate matter exposure and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (springer.com)

A novel method for calculating potency-weighted cumulative phthalates exposure with implications for identifying racial/ethnic disparities among U.S. reproductive-aged women in NHANES 2001-2012. (springer.com)
The CDC found widespread exposure to pyrethroid pesticides, for example, which have been poorly studied in terms of human health, and phthalates, which are common in plastics and have been linked to reproductive abnormalities. (enn.com)
And prenatal exposures to certain pesticides as well as to phthalates have been linked to autistic behaviors in children. (kevinmd.com)

Adult exposure comes primarily from canned foods and polycarbonate food containers, but BPA-containing medical devices could also be a source. (ewg.org)
Whether environmental enrichment has an impact on the proliferation and maturation of these immature neurons in the prefrontal cortex of adult guinea pigs needs further studies. (medindia.net)
Dr. Chunling Fan and co-workers from Central South University School of Basic Medical Sciences in China observed healthy adult guinea pigs subjected to short-term environmental enrichment. (medindia.net)
They found that short-term environmental enrichment can induce proliferation, activation and maturation of doublecortin-positive cells in layer II of the prefrontal cortex of adult guinea pigs. (medindia.net)
The Environmental Polymorphisms Registry (EPR) Health and Exposure Survey is designed to gather health, family history of disease, environmental exposures and lifestyle data on adult EPR subjects. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Research by an Indiana University environmental scientist and colleagues at universities in Iowa and Washington finds that potentially harmful growth-promoting hormones used in beef production are expected to persist in the environment at higher concentrations and for longer durations than previously thought. (eurekalert.org)
To assess exposure of an entire population of a community in a highly polluted area, pollutant concentrations in microenvironments and population time-activity patterns are required. (mdpi.com)
Bisphenol A (BPA) is another popular environmental toxin that practically everybody has accumulated in his or her body, although mostly in very low concentrations not considered to be critical for human health. (bionity.com)
During pregnancy, 15% of women reported SHS exposure and 12% reported active smoking, but 51% of women had cotinine levels consistent with SHS exposure and 10% had cotinine concentrations indicative of active smoking. (unc.edu)

Clinicians should be alert for space-time clusters of asthma exacerbations in the community, because these clusters may suggest a modifiable point-source exposure. (aappublications.org)

2016. Critical review of health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure. (nih.gov)
These are the 2016 edition of Southern Environmental Law Center's Southern Exposure film series. (alabamarivers.org)

Road traffic is the most widespread source of environmental noise, with more than 100 million people affected by harmful levels in the EEA-33 member countries. (europa.eu)

You can search both websites for information on specific topics, like childhood lead exposure. (cdc.gov)

Possible routes of exposure and common sources of potentially toxic biological, physical and chemical substances are identified. (cmaj.ca)

We reviewed the scientific literature for studies of wildfire smoke exposure on mortality and on respiratory, cardiovascular, mental, and perinatal health. (nih.gov)
Consistent evidence from a large number of studies indicates that wildfire smoke exposure is associated with respiratory morbidity with growing evidence supporting an association with all-cause mortality. (nih.gov)

This way, we can systematically investigate the network of relationships between the so-called exposome, i.e. all measurable exposures, and certain active agents," says Warth. (bionity.com)

The team's review, published online October 6 in the journal Environmental Research , led to several conclusions. (eurekalert.org)

PEHSUs are committed to protecting children from exposure to harmful substances from the earliest stages of development before birth and throughout childhood. (cdc.gov)
This educational case study document is one in a series of self-instructional modules designed to increase the primary care provider's knowledge of exposures to hazardous substances and to promote the adoption of medical practices that aid in the evaluation and care of potentially exposed patients. (cdc.gov)
The state of knowledge regarding the treatment of patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances from both environmental and occupational sources is constantly evolving and is often uncertain. (cdc.gov)
ATSDR, however, makes no claim that the environmental/occupational medicine and health education resources discussed in these products comprehensively address all possible situations related to various substances. (cdc.gov)

The extent to which environmental exposures ultimately lead to adverse health effects through an inflammatory pathway is unclear, despite growing evidence for a role of the environment in a wide range of diseases that involve inflammation. (nih.gov)

Environmental policymakers have been implementing various strategies to reduce exposure, including the 10th-day-no-driving system. (mdpi.com)

The seminar series examines the interactions between environmental exposures and infectious agents in the development of disease. (neha.org)
The series will highlight researchers from around the country who are doing innovative research to better understand this relationship between environmental exposures, infectious agents, and immune response. (neha.org)
This session series will focus on interactions between environmental exposures and infectious agents in the lung. (neha.org)

1633a Organic dust exposure - beneficial or harmful? (bmj.com)
The fact that dust can be a source of exposure to flame retardants was first revealed by investigations into why compounds associated with polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants were bioaccumulating in people's bodies. (nih.gov)

For additional information about Environmental Medicine Education Products, please visit https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/emes/health_professionals/index.html . (cdc.gov)
Waterborne disease outbreaks associated with environmental and undetermined exposures to water from prior years have been reported previously ( https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/environmental/environ-water-surveillance-reports.html ). (medscape.com)

Children's rapid development from before they are born through early childhood makes them more vulnerable to environmental exposures. (cdc.gov)
Altogether, the researchers looked at 89 and 128 exposures in pregnancy and early childhood. (news-medical.net)

An impaired ability to handle oxidative stress that arises from exposure to secondhand smoke and other environmental triggers may contribute to the development of asthma, according to results obtained from the Shanghai Women's Health Asthma and Allergy Study. (medindia.net)
Questionnaire data indicated 96 percent of the women were never-smokers and 44 percent were exposed to secondhand smoke through husbands or workplace exposure. (medindia.net)

However, you are pregnant and wonder if pesticide exposure could harm your unborn child. (cdc.gov)

In this validation study, we recruited 50 subjects from an ongoing longitudinal asthma cohort study who had a positive screening question for ETS exposure or potential exposure. (nih.gov)
A brief, validated survey instrument can be used to assess ETS exposure among adults with asthma, even with low levels of exposure. (nih.gov)
The survey explored the frequency with which pediatricians inquire about smoking and exposure to ETS among adolescent patients with asthma, chart documentation practices regarding all patients' exposure to ETS, and pediatricians' perception of the effect of ETS on the health of their patients as well as their practice community. (aap.org)
About half of pediatricians (51%) ask adolescent patients with asthma about smoking and exposure to ETS in the home at every visit. (aap.org)
However, responses vary by practice setting: 75% of pediatricians in group practices document exposure to ETS in patients' charts compared to 69% of pediatricians in solo practices and 65% of those in hospital/clinic settings (p=.05) Presence of adolescent patients with asthma also affects pediatricians' documentation practices. (aap.org)
We found that the host antioxidant defense system is compromised among those destined to develop asthma, and therefore these individuals may be less able to handle environmental exposures that may cause asthma," said study author Emma Larkin, PhD, research assistant professor at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. (medindia.net)
Oxidative stress, which is a relative increase of oxidants over antioxidants, is known to be important in many diseases, including asthma," said Dr. Larkin, who is also a member of the Center for Asthma & Environmental Sciences Research at the medical center. (medindia.net)
It is essential for clinicians to be knowledgeable about environmental precipitants of asthma, because this information may help them to counsel patients and their parents. (aappublications.org)
As a result, most clinicians have relied on secondary prevention (ie, trying to prevent exacerbations in children with known asthma, in part by decreasing environmental exposures, which cause worsening of symptoms). (aappublications.org)
The realization that environmental exposures could lead to asthma attacks has its origins in studies of clusters of asthma. (aappublications.org)
Much of what we now know about the relation between outdoor air exposures and asthma came to light as a result of asthma clusters in communities. (aappublications.org)

Anatomy7

Organisms7

Diseases32

Chemicals and Drugs64

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment44

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations11

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science7

Named Groups7

Health Care70

Geographicals24

Health status of Persian Gulf War veterans: self-reported symptoms, environmental exposures and the effect of stress. (1/8052)

Lead exposure in the lead-acid storage battery manufacturing and PVC compounding industries. (2/8052)

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam. (3/8052)

A toxicokinetic model to assess the risk of azinphosmethyl exposure in humans through measures of urinary elimination of alkylphosphates. (4/8052)

Evaluation of passive smoking by measuring urinary trans, trans-muconic acid and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. (5/8052)

Developmental pathways: Sonic hedgehog-Patched-GLI. (6/8052)

Exposure to indoor background radiation and urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage. (7/8052)

A simulation study of confounding in generalized linear models for air pollution epidemiology. (8/8052)

Environmental Exposure

Environmental Pollutants

Environmental Health

Gene-Environment Interaction

Carcinogens, Environmental

Environmental Monitoring

Occupational Exposure

Lead

Pesticides

Air Pollutants

Environment

Environmental Illness

Air Pollution, Indoor

Benzene

Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene

Cadmium

Risk Factors

Epidemiological Monitoring

Maternal Exposure

Epidemiologic Studies

Zeolites

Genetic Predisposition to Disease

Endocrine Disruptors

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Case-Control Studies

Asthma

Hazardous Substances

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

New Orleans

Housing

Cadmium Poisoning

Tobacco Smoke Pollution

Inhalation Exposure

Great Lakes Region

Sorbic Acid

Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

Epigenesis, Genetic

Disease Susceptibility

Air Pollution

Risk Assessment

Epigenomics

Body Burden

Allergens

Arsenic

Environmental Pollution

Pregnancy

Asbestos, Amphibole

Hypersensitivity

Smoking

Dust

Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

Food Contamination

Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Lead Poisoning

United States

Mesothelioma

Toxicology

Sick Building Syndrome

Biological Markers

DNA Adducts

Air Pollutants, Occupational

Child Welfare

Neoplasms

Genotype

Cedrus

Chlorpyrifos

Respiratory Sounds

Insecticides

Infant, Newborn

Polymorphism, Genetic

Cohort Studies

Industry

Vehicle Emissions

Food, Preserved

Benzhydryl Compounds

Metals, Heavy

Dioxins

Geographic Information Systems