Environmental Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.Environmental Pollutants: Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.Gene-Environment Interaction: The combined effects of genotypes and environmental factors together on phenotypic characteristics.Carcinogens, Environmental: Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.Environmental Monitoring: The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.Occupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19, symbol Pb. (Dorland, 28th)Pesticides: Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.Air Pollutants: Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.Environment: The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.Environmental Illness: A polysymptomatic condition believed by clinical ecologists to result from immune dysregulation induced by common foods, allergens, and chemicals, resulting in various physical and mental disorders. The medical community has remained largely skeptical of the existence of this "disease", given the plethora of symptoms attributed to environmental illness, the lack of reproducible laboratory abnormalities, and the use of unproven therapies to treat the condition. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Air Pollution, Indoor: The contamination of indoor air.Benzene: Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Industrial products consisting of a mixture of chlorinated biphenyl congeners and isomers. These compounds are highly lipophilic and tend to accumulate in fat stores of animals. Many of these compounds are considered toxic and potential environmental pollutants.Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 114. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Epidemiological Monitoring: Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the frequency, distribution, and consequences of disease or health conditions, for use in the planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.Maternal Exposure: Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.Epidemiologic Studies: Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; and CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES.Zeolites: Zeolites. A group of crystalline, hydrated alkali-aluminum silicates. They occur naturally in sedimentary and volcanic rocks, altered basalts, ores, and clay deposits. Some 40 known zeolite minerals and a great number of synthetic zeolites are available commercially. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Genetic Predisposition to Disease: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.Endocrine Disruptors: Exogenous agents, synthetic and naturally occurring, which are capable of disrupting the functions of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM including the maintenance of HOMEOSTASIS and the regulation of developmental processes. Endocrine disruptors are compounds that can mimic HORMONES, or enhance or block the binding of hormones to their receptors, or otherwise lead to activating or inhibiting the endocrine signaling pathways and hormone metabolism.United States Environmental Protection Agency: An agency in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government. It was created as an independent regulatory agency responsible for the implementation of federal laws designed to protect the environment. Its mission is to protect human health and the ENVIRONMENT.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Asthma: A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).Hazardous Substances: Elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions that are considered severely harmful to human health and the environment. They include substances that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or explosive.Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic: A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)New Orleans: City in Orleans Parish (county), largest city in state of LOUISIANA. It is located between the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain.Housing: Living facilities for humans.Cadmium Poisoning: Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.Tobacco Smoke Pollution: Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke.Inhalation Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.Great Lakes Region: The geographic area of the Great Lakes in general and when the specific state or states are not indicated. It usually includes Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects: The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.Epigenesis, Genetic: A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.Disease Susceptibility: A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.Air Pollution: The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Epigenomics: The systematic study of the global gene expression changes due to EPIGENETIC PROCESSES and not due to DNA base sequence changes.Body Burden: The total amount of a chemical, metal or radioactive substance present at any time after absorption in the body of man or animal.Allergens: Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Environmental Pollution: Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Asbestos, Amphibole: A class of asbestos that includes silicates of magnesium, iron, calcium, and sodium. The fibers are generally brittle and cannot be spun, but are more resistant to chemicals and heat than ASBESTOS, SERPENTINE. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Dust: Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: An acquired disorder characterized by recurrent symptoms, referable to multiple organ systems, occurring in response to demonstrable exposure to many chemically unrelated compounds at doses below those established in the general population to cause harmful effects. (Cullen MR. The worker with multiple chemical sensitivities: an overview. Occup Med 1987;2(4):655-61)Food Contamination: The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated: Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more of the hydrogens replaced by CHLORINE.Respiratory Tract DiseasesLead PoisoningUnited StatesMesothelioma: A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and biological action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations.Sick Building Syndrome: A group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-efficient buildings, associated with an increased frequency of headaches, lethargy, and dry skin. Clinical manifestations include hypersensitivity pneumonitis (ALVEOLITIS, EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC); allergic rhinitis (RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, PERENNIAL); ASTHMA; infections, skin eruptions, and mucous membrane irritation syndromes. Current usage tends to be less restrictive with regard to the type of building and delineation of complaints. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.DNA Adducts: The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.Air Pollutants, Occupational: Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.Child Welfare: Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the child.Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Cedrus: A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. It is the source of cedarwood oil. Cedar ordinarily refers to this but also forms part of the name of plants in other genera.Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.Respiratory Sounds: Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.Insecticides: Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Polymorphism, Genetic: The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Industry: Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.Vehicle Emissions: Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Food, Preserved: Food that has been prepared and stored in a way to prevent spoilage.Benzhydryl Compounds: Compounds which contain the methyl radical substituted with two benzene rings. Permitted are any substituents, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed.Metals, Heavy: Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Dioxins: Chlorinated hydrocarbons containing heteroatoms that are present as contaminants of herbicides. Dioxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. They have been banned from use by the FDA.Geographic Information Systems: Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.Occupational Diseases: Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.Asbestos: Asbestos. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. It is relatively inert chemically and used in thermal insulation and fireproofing. Inhalation of dust causes asbestosis and later lung and gastrointestinal neoplasms.Water Pollutants, Chemical: Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.Asbestosis: A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.Preventive Medicine: A medical specialty primarily concerned with prevention of disease (PRIMARY PREVENTION) and the promotion and preservation of health in the individual.Coal: A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions.Pleural DiseasesParticulate Matter: Particles of any solid substance, generally under 30 microns in size, often noted as PM30. There is special concern with PM1 which can get down to PULMONARY ALVEOLI and induce MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS leading to FOREIGN BODY REACTION and LUNG DISEASES.DNA Methylation: Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.Cockroaches: Insects of the order Dictyoptera comprising several families including Blaberidae, BLATTELLIDAE, Blattidae (containing the American cockroach PERIPLANETA americana), Cryptocercidae, and Polyphagidae.Pyrenes: A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.Epidemiologic Research Design: The form and structure of analytic studies in epidemiologic and clinical research.Epidemiologic Methods: Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.Mutagens: Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.Metallurgy: The science, art, or technology dealing with processes involved in the separation of metals from their ores, the technique of making or compounding the alloys, the techniques of working or heat-treating metals, and the mining of metals. It includes industrial metallurgy as well as metallurgical techniques employed in the preparation and working of metals used in dentistry, with special reference to orthodontic and prosthodontic appliances. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p494)Public Health: Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.Metals: Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Xenobiotics: Chemical substances that are foreign to the biological system. They include naturally occurring compounds, drugs, environmental agents, carcinogens, insecticides, etc.Polycyclic Compounds: Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.Causality: The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.Arsenic Poisoning: Disorders associated with acute or chronic exposure to compounds containing ARSENIC (ARSENICALS) which may be fatal. Acute oral ingestion is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and an encephalopathy which may manifest as SEIZURES, mental status changes, and COMA. Chronic exposure is associated with mucosal irritation, desquamating rash, myalgias, peripheral neuropathy, and white transverse (Mees) lines in the fingernails. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1212)Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.Hygiene: The science dealing with the establishment and maintenance of health in the individual and the group. It includes the conditions and practices conducive to health. (Webster, 3d ed)Urban Health: The status of health in urban populations.Pfiesteria piscicida: A dinoflagellate with a life cycle that includes numerous flagellated, amoeboid, and encysted stages. Both the flagellated and amoeboid forms produce toxins which cause open wounds on fish. Pfiesteria piscicida feeds on tissue sloughed from these wounds, as well as on bacteria and algae. It is found in Atlantic estuaries of the United States.BelgiumAgriculture: The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.Herbicides: Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.Hazardous Waste: Waste products which threaten life, health, or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed.Phthalic Acids: A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed)WisconsinResidence Characteristics: Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.Carcinogens: Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.New YorkCross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Fungicides, Industrial: Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.MiningFloridaMolecular Epidemiology: The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.PolandIncidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Parturition: The process of giving birth to one or more offspring.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Hair: A filament-like structure consisting of a shaft which projects to the surface of the SKIN from a root which is softer than the shaft and lodges in the cavity of a HAIR FOLLICLE. It is found on most surfaces of the body.Pleural Neoplasms: Neoplasms of the thin serous membrane that envelopes the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity. Pleural neoplasms are exceedingly rare and are usually not diagnosed until they are advanced because in the early stages they produce no symptoms.Industrial Waste: Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.Soil Pollutants: Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.Water Supply: Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).SmokePrevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective: Defective nuclei produced during the TELOPHASE of MITOSIS or MEIOSIS by lagging CHROMOSOMES or chromosome fragments derived from spontaneous or experimentally induced chromosomal structural changes.Diseases in Twins: Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.Animals, Domestic: Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches for economic reasons, including LIVESTOCK (specifically CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.), POULTRY; and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship, e.g., PETS; or specifically DOGS; CATS; etc.Organic Chemicals: A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1: A liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase capable of biotransforming xenobiotics such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons into carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds. They have been found in mammals and fish. This enzyme, encoded by CYP1A1 gene, can be measured by using ethoxyresorufin as a substrate for the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity.Research Design: A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.Cluster Analysis: A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Eczema: A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Neurotoxicity Syndromes: Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents.Reproduction: The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)Risk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.Egypt: A country in northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula Its capital is Cairo.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Urban Population: The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.Disease: A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A chemical by-product that results from burning or incinerating chlorinated industrial chemicals and other hydrocarbons. This compound is considered an environmental toxin, and may pose reproductive, as well as, other health risks for animals and humans.BostonSpectrophotometry, Atomic: Spectrophotometric techniques by which the absorption or emmision spectra of radiation from atoms are produced and analyzed.Models, Theoretical: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.North CarolinaAge Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Endocrine System: The system of glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the circulatory system. In addition to the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, included are the CHROMAFFIN SYSTEM and the NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEMS.Micronucleus Tests: Induction and quantitative measurement of chromosomal damage leading to the formation of micronuclei (MICRONUCLEI, CHROMOSOME-DEFECTIVE) in cells which have been exposed to genotoxic agents or IONIZING RADIATION.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Respiration Disorders: Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.Petroleum: Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.Volatilization: A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.Phenols: Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.Animals, Wild: Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.Population Surveillance: Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Cities: A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Fluorocarbons: Liquid perfluorinated carbon compounds which may or may not contain a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, but do not contain another halogen or hydrogen atom. This concept includes fluorocarbon emulsions and fluorocarbon blood substitutes.Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.Glutathione Transferase: A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.France: A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.Sample Size: The number of units (persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.) in a population to be studied. The sample size should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between two groups. (From Wassertheil-Smoller, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 1990, p95)Hypersensitivity, Immediate: Hypersensitivity reactions which occur within minutes of exposure to challenging antigen due to the release of histamine which follows the antigen-antibody reaction and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability.Models, Statistical: Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.Humidity: A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.Bias (Epidemiology): Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions.China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL-COA to arylamines. It can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without COENZYME A and has a wide specificity for aromatic amines, including SEROTONIN. However, arylamine N-acetyltransferase should not be confused with the enzyme ARYLALKYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE which is also referred to as SEROTONIN ACETYLTRANSFERASE.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Fungi: A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.Fishes: A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.TurkeyTwins, Monozygotic: Two off-spring from the same PREGNANCY. They are from a single fertilized OVUM that split into two EMBRYOS. Such twins are usually genetically identical and of the same sex.Twins, Dizygotic: Two offspring from the same PREGNANCY. They are from two OVA, fertilized at about the same time by two SPERMATOZOA. Such twins are genetically distinct and can be of different sexes.Quebec: A province of eastern Canada. Its capital is Quebec. The region belonged to France from 1627 to 1763 when it was lost to the British. The name is from the Algonquian quilibek meaning the place where waters narrow, referring to the gradually narrowing channel of the St. Lawrence or to the narrows of the river at Cape Diamond. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p993 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p440)Linear Models: Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.Silicon Dioxide: Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.Twins: Two individuals derived from two FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother. Twins are either monozygotic (TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC) or dizygotic (TWINS, DIZYGOTIC).Puberty: A period in the human life in which the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system takes place and reaches full maturity. The onset of synchronized endocrine events in puberty lead to the capacity for reproduction (FERTILITY), development of secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS, and other changes seen in ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT.Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin: Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.MichiganReproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Pollen: The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.Seasons: Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Genome-Wide Association Study: An analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole GENOME representative set of) polymorphic markers in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition.ItalyChild Development: The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of an individual from birth up to but not including ADOLESCENCE.
Health status of Persian Gulf War veterans: self-reported symptoms, environmental exposures and the effect of stress. (1/8052)
BACKGROUND: Most US troops returned home from the Persian Gulf War (PGW) by Spring 1991 and many began reporting increased health symptoms and medical problems soon after. This investigation examines the relationships between several Gulf-service environmental exposures and health symptom reporting, and the role of traumatic psychological stress on the exposure-health symptom relationships. METHODS: Stratified, random samples of two cohorts of PGW veterans, from the New England area (n = 220) and from the New Orleans area (n = 71), were selected from larger cohorts being followed longitudinally since arrival home from the Gulf. A group of PGW-era veterans deployed to Germany (n = 50) served as a comparison group. The study protocol included questionnaires, a neuropsychological test battery, an environmental interview, and psychological diagnostic interviews. This report focuses on self-reported health symptoms and exposures of participants who completed a 52-item health symptom checklist and a checklist of environmental exposures. RESULTS: The prevalence of reported symptoms was greater in both Persian Gulf-deployed cohorts compared to the Germany cohort. Analyses of the body-system symptom scores (BSS), weighted to account for sampling design, and adjusted by age, sex, and education, indicated that Persian Gulf-deployed veterans were more likely to report neurological, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiac, dermatological, musculoskeletal, psychological and neuropsychological system symptoms than Germany veterans. Using a priori hypotheses about the toxicant effects of exposure to specific toxicants, the relationships between self-reported exposures and body-system symptom groupings were examined through multiple regression analyses, controlling for war-zone exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Self-reported exposures to pesticides, debris from Scuds, chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents, and smoke from tent heaters each were significantly related to increased reporting of specific predicted BSS groupings. CONCLUSIONS: Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf have higher self-reported prevalence of health symptoms compared to PGW veterans who were deployed only as far as Germany. Several Gulf-service environmental exposures are associated with increased health symptom reporting involving predicted body-systems, after adjusting for war-zone stressor exposures and PTSD. (+info)Lead exposure in the lead-acid storage battery manufacturing and PVC compounding industries. (2/8052)
This study was conducted as part of the Human Exposure Assessment Location (HEAL) Project which comes under the United Nations Environment Programme/World Health Organisation (UNEP/WHO) Global environmental Monitoring System (GEMS). The objective of the study was to evaluate workers' exposure to lead in industries with the highest exposure. All subjects were interviewed about their occupational and smoking histories, the use of personal protective equipment and personal hygiene. The contribution of a dietary source of lead intake from specified foods known to contain lead locally and personal air sampling for lead were assessed. A total of 61 workers from two PVC compounding and 50 workers from two lead acid battery manufacturing plants were studied together with 111 matched controls. In the PVC compounding plants the mean lead-in-air level was 0.0357 mg/m3, with the highest levels occurring during the pouring and mixing operations. This was lower than the mean lead-in-air level of 0.0886 mg/m3 in the lead battery manufacturing plants where the highest exposure was in the loading of lead ingots into milling machines. Workers in lead battery manufacturing had significantly higher mean blood lead than the PVC workers (means, 32.51 and 23.91 mcg/100 ml respectively), but there was poor correlation with lead-in-air levels. Among the lead workers, the Malays had significantly higher blood lead levels than the Chinese (mean blood levels were 33.03 and 25.35 mcg/100 ml respectively) although there was no significant difference between the two ethnic groups in the control group. There were no significant differences between the exposed and control group in terms of dietary intake of specified local foods known to contain lead. However, Malays consumed significantly more fish than the Chinese did. There were no ethnic differences in the hours of overtime work, number of years of exposure, usage of gloves and respirators and smoking habits. Among the Malays, 94.3% eat with their hands compared with 9.2% of the Chinese. Workers who ate with bare hands at least once a week had higher blood lead levels after adjusting for lead-in-air levels (mean blood lead was 30.2 and 26.4 mcg/100 ml respectively). The study indicated that the higher blood lead levels observed in the Malay workers might have been due to their higher exposure and eating with bare hands. (+info)Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam. (3/8052)
A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited. (+info)A toxicokinetic model to assess the risk of azinphosmethyl exposure in humans through measures of urinary elimination of alkylphosphates. (4/8052)
Azinphosmethyl (APM) is one of the most common insecticides used in fruit farming. The object of this paper is to develop a quick and practical test for assessing the risk for humans coming into contact with APM. It has been shown that the principal component of occupational and/or accidental exposure is through the skin (C. A. Franklin et al., 1981, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 7, 715-731), but our approach is applicable to exposures via any route or a combination of routes. The method proposed in the present paper can accommodate a single-event exposure or repeated exposures over long periods. Urinary alkylphosphate (AP) metabolites are reliable bioindicators of the presence of APM in the body; they are easily accessible and can be used to estimate APM body burden. We developed a simple toxicokinetic model to link the time varying APM body burden to absorbed doses and to rates of elimination in the form of AP urinary metabolites. Using this model and data available in the literature, we are able to propose a "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) for APM body levels and for corresponding absorbed doses. We have established that after a single exposure, the safe limit corresponding to the NOAEL is reached at a cumulative 0.215 mumoles AP/kg bw eliminated in urine in the first 24 hours following the beginning of exposure. For repeated daily exposures at steady state, the corresponding urinary AP metabolite level is equal to a cumulative 0.266 mumoles AP/kg bw eliminated per 24 hours. (+info)Evaluation of passive smoking by measuring urinary trans, trans-muconic acid and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. (5/8052)
No method has yet been established to evaluate the exposure to tobacco smoke in passive smoking (PS). We therefore conducted a study on the possibility that the levels of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid (MA) and the exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) could be indices of the passive exposure to tobacco smoke. The moderate correlation was observed between urinary MA levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. The mean urinary MA level of the PS (+) group was significantly higher than that with the PS (-) group. Among the PS (+) group, the mean MA level in the urine obtained in the afternoon was higher than that obtained in the morning. A high correlation was observed between the exhaled CO levels and the number of consumed cigarettes per day in smokers. Like the urinary MA level, the mean exhaled CO level in the PS (+) group, too, gave a significantly higher level than in the PS (-) group. Because the biological half life of MA (7.5 +/- 0.85 h) was longer than that of CO (3.0 +/- 0.36 h), the measurement of urinary MA level is recommended for evaluating the exposure of passive smoking. The measurement of exhaled CO levels is useful only for chain smokers and nonsmokers with PS just before measurement. (+info)Developmental pathways: Sonic hedgehog-Patched-GLI. (6/8052)
Developmental pathways are networks of genes that act coordinately to establish the body plan. Disruptions of genes in one pathway can have effects in related pathways and may result in serious dysmorphogenesis or cancer. Environmental exposures can be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, including dysmorphic offspring or children with a variety of diseases. An important goal of environmental science should be reduction of these poor outcomes. This will require an understanding of the genes affected by specific exposures and the consequence of alterations in these genes or their products, which in turn will require an understanding of the pathways critical in development. The ligand Sonic hedgehog, the receptors Patched and Smoothened, and the GLI family of transcription factors represent one such pathway. This pathway illustrates several operating principles important in the consideration of developmental consequences of environmental exposures to toxins. (+info)Exposure to indoor background radiation and urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage. (7/8052)
We investigated whether exposure to indoor [gamma]-radiation and radon might be associated with enough free radical formation to increase urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a sensitive marker of DNA damage, due to a hydroxyl radical attack at the C8 of guanine. Indoor radon and [gamma]-radiation levels were measured in 32 dwellings for 6 months by solid-state nuclear track detectors and thermoluminescent dosimeters, respectively. Urine samples for 8-OHdG determinations were obtained from 63 healthy adult subjects living in the measured dwellings. An overall tendency toward increasing levels of 8-OHdG with increasing levels of radon and [gamma]-radiation was seen in the females, presumably due to their estimated longer occupancy in the dwellings measured. Different models were considered for females, with the steepest slopes obtained for [gamma]-radiation with a coefficient of 0.500 (log nmol/l of 8-OHdG for each unit increase of [gamma]-radiation on a log scale) (p<0.01), and increasing to 0.632 (p = 0.035), but with larger variance, when radon was included in the model. In conclusion, there seems to be an effect of indoor radioactivity on the urinary excretion of 8-OHdG for females, who are estimated to have a higher occupancy in the dwellings measured than for males, for whom occupational and other agents may also influence 8-OHdG excretion. ree radicals; [gamma]-radiation; radon. (+info)A simulation study of confounding in generalized linear models for air pollution epidemiology. (8/8052)
Confounding between the model covariates and causal variables (which may or may not be included as model covariates) is a well-known problem in regression models used in air pollution epidemiology. This problem is usually acknowledged but hardly ever investigated, especially in the context of generalized linear models. Using synthetic data sets, the present study shows how model overfit, underfit, and misfit in the presence of correlated causal variables in a Poisson regression model affect the estimated coefficients of the covariates and their confidence levels. The study also shows how this effect changes with the ranges of the covariates and the sample size. There is qualitative agreement between these study results and the corresponding expressions in the large-sample limit for the ordinary linear models. Confounding of covariates in an overfitted model (with covariates encompassing more than just the causal variables) does not bias the estimated coefficients but reduces their significance. The effect of model underfit (with some causal variables excluded as covariates) or misfit (with covariates encompassing only noncausal variables), on the other hand, leads to not only erroneous estimated coefficients, but a misguided confidence, represented by large t-values, that the estimated coefficients are significant. The results of this study indicate that models which use only one or two air quality variables, such as particulate matter [less than and equal to] 10 microm and sulfur dioxide, are probably unreliable, and that models containing several correlated and toxic or potentially toxic air quality variables should also be investigated in order to minimize the situation of model underfit or misfit. (+info)
Environmental Studies | University of New England in Maine, Tangier and Online
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure|
Research...
Environmental Studies B.A.Requirements · Stonehill College
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Sustainability: Environmental Studies and Public Health
The Effects of Surface Condition and Long-Term Environmental Exposure on the Bond Between Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers and...
Public scoping meeting for the Logan Canyon environmental study :: Highway 89 Digital Collection
Daisuke Goto ｜Atmosphere｜National Institute for Environmental Studies
Barbara R. Lyon
(Bowdoin - Faculty & Academic Staff)
Macomb County Community college environmental studies
Specializations - Environmental Studies - Undergraduate Degrees - College of Arts and Sciences - Seattle University
2019/20 Seminar Series | School of Environmental Studies
Online Environmental Studies Degree Programs Online Certificate Degree Information
Applied Multivariate Analysis in SAR and Environmental Studies: Edited By: J Devillers and W Karcher | NHBS Book Shop
Cal State San Marcos environmental studies
ENV 201A : Fundamentals of Environmental Studies - Princeton
MSc Sustainability & Environmental Studies | University of Strathclyde
Environmental Exposures in Child Care Facilities Study | CERCH
Supplemental Guidance for Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens | Risk Assessment | US EPA
Research Project Journal Publication Details | School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and Related Health Effects...
Environmental Cause Blamed For Illnesses - tribunedigital-thecourant
The Infant Development and the Environmental Study (TIDES) - Shanna Swan
KAKEN - Research Projects | Evaluation of potential health effects by lead exposure using the benchmark dose analysislea ...
The business of consciousness | The College of Liberal and Professional Studies (LPS)
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies - Keyword heavy metal
NIES collection MICROBIAL CULTURE COLLECTION | National Institute for Environmental Studies
NIES collection MICROBIAL CULTURE COLLECTION | National Institute for Environmental Studies
Environment & Sustainability: Research Methods in Environmental Studies - Routledge
Environmental Studies • Southwestern University
SUGATA Seiji | National Institute for Environmental Studies
The Arava Institute for Environmental Studies | Download KTSP RPP SILABUS Berkarakter Untuk SD/MI, SMP/SLTP/Mts, SMA/SLTA/MA,...
Environmental Studies Minor
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies - Topic Water monitoring
Environmental Monitoring Plan
The effects of maternal smoking on early mucosal immunity and sensitization at 12 months of age.
Talk about your troubles
Saúde Pública - Environmental exposures and gene regulation in disease etiology Environmental exposures and gene regulation in...
Bisphenol A environmental exposure and the detrimental effects on human metabolic health: is it necessary to revise the risk...
Evaluation the number of cases of mortality and
hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease and
Chronic Obstructive...
Outdoor Formaldehyde and NO2 Exposures and Markers of Genotoxicity in Children Living Near Chipboard Industries
Environmental Studies Academic Requirements | Catalogue | Colby College
Environmental Studies Faculty - Enviromental Studies
Influence of geocoding quality on environmental exposure assessment of children living near high traffic roads | BMC Public...
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
Federal guidance released for human health risk assessments
- GHD
Human Health Risk Assessment | Agriculture and Food | SGS Japan
Human Health Risk Assessment | Life Sciences | SGS UK
Creating a living legacy: 200 trees for 200 years - School for Resource and Environmental Studies - Dalhousie University
Human Health Risk Assessment | Sustainability | SGS
Internship Supervisor Evaluation | Environmental Studies Program
Master - Human Health Risk Assessment - 2 years - Radboud University
Human Health Risk Assessment
Can Early Life Exposure to Pollutants Predispose for Disease | Office of News & Media Relations | UMass Amherst
Questions Remain Unanswered Regarding Potential Health Effects Related to Smart Grid Technologies | Smart Grid Awareness
Environmental Health Perspectives - Creating National Air Pollution Models for Population Exposure Assessment in Canada
Course Requirements
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology - Domestic airborne black carbon and exhaled nitric oxide in...
International Society for Environmental Epidemiology and International Society of Exposure Science - Asia Chapter Conference ...
03/29/2005: EPA Issues 'Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment' and Supplemental Guidance on Risks From Early-Life Exposure
National Children s Health Study - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
National Children s Health Study - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Spatiotemporal Interpolation Methods for the Application of Estimating Population Exposure to Fine...
NC DPH: Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology: Environmental Health Data Inventory
How Trees Prevent Air Pollution
Human Placental Morphology, Function, and Pathology: Relationship to Environmental Exposures and Newborn and Child Health -...
Air dispersion modelling for individual exposure studies | ...
Research | Ocean Plastics and Marine Pollution
BE.104 Spring Evaluating Environmental Causes of Mesothelioma J. L. Sherley - PDF
Environmental Thoughts - Rochester, NY: Is the Genesee River healthy?
Auto exposure: do immune system diseases have an environmental cause? - Free Online Library
Protecting the Ocean's Wild Places | Dickinson College
Prospective Majors - Environmental Studies - San Francisco State University
BLOOD COMPONENTS. - ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
What's New - Department of Environmental Studies - University of Illinois Springfield - UIS
Osmium dioxide
National Center for Health Statistics
Devil's Millhopper Geological State Park
The Effects of Surface Condition and Long-Term Environmental Exposure on the Bond Between Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers and...
Saúde Pública - Environmental exposures and gene regulation in disease etiology Environmental exposures and gene regulation in...
environmental exposuresEnvironmental Exposures in Child Care Facilities Study | CERCH
Genetic screening and occupational and environmental exposures. - Oxford Big Data Institute
Research examines environmental exposures and increase in type 1 diabe - Hardin Scientific, inc
Visual Culture - Environmental Health - Chemical Exposure
Environmental Exposures/Toxicants | Breastfeeding | CDC
National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals | CDC
Laser exposure | Environmental Health and Safety - McGill University
Exposure to Toxic Environmental Agents - ACOG
Waterborne Disease Associated With Environmental Exposures
Environmental Exposure Mixtures: Questions and Methods to Address Them | SpringerLink
Low-Level Environmental Lead Exposure May Adversely Affect Renal Function
Population exposure to environmental noise
-
European Environment Agency
chemical exposure - Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute
Environmental Exposures | Health.mil
exposure assessment | Occupational & Environmental Medicine
Measurement of environmental tobacco smoke exposure among adults with asthma. - PubMed - NCBI
Prenatal and Postnatal Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Children's Health | Articles | Pediatrics
Need More Research on Environmental Chemical Exposure -- A Guest Commentary
Genetic Profile, Environmental Exposure, and Their Interaction in Parkinson's Disease
Environmental monitoring of secondhand smoke exposure | Tobacco Control
Environmental Health Perspectives - Exposure to TDCPP Appears Widespread
Periodic Survey #42 Pediatricians' Practices Regarding Patients' Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
The role of environmental exposure to non-cigarette smoke in lung disease | SpringerLink
Male Breast Cancer? Yes, and Environmental Exposure is Implicated - Emagazine.com
Phys.org - environmental exposureDifferences in the Environmental Exposure Pattern Between Pe... : Epidemiology
ContaminantsChemicalRisksChildren's healthPrevalenceGeneticFocusesHumanVulnerableRisk FactorsImplicationsChemistryDetermineAssociationsFactorsMechanismsPesticidesDevelopment and ExacerbationPollutionABSTRACTPrevalenceChronicInterplayHuman exposureMetalsPerspectivesPrenatal exposurePrevent exposuresFetalExacerbate asthmaToxinToxicityRiskIndoorSecondhandChildren's environmental healthToxicologyPathwaysAsthmaBiologicalAsbestos Exposure and MesotheliomaAdverse healthGeneticsConclusionsParticulate matter exposureMaternalMeasurementRadiationWidespreadSearchAllergenMethods2016HttpsDiseaseAssessDepartment of Environmental Health SciencesInfants and childrenRespiratoryEpidemiologicExposomePregnant womenChildhoodPracticeSubstancesReproductiveInfectious agentsHealth Sciences
Contaminants2
- The effect of environmental contaminants on health is a major concern because exposure is associated with a number of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and infertility. (scielosp.org)
- protein), that have been shown to be affected by environmental factors, particularly contaminants ( Figure 1 ). (scielosp.org)
Chemical1
- Little is known about what chemical and environmental exposures they may be receiving in these settings. (berkeley.edu)
Risks1
- Determine the health risks these exposures create by comparing measured levels and estimates to reference levels and air quality standards. (berkeley.edu)
Children's health1
- With more than a hundred and fifty publications on the cutting edge of the field, CERCH is a unique center for environmental research and children's health. (berkeley.edu)
Prevalence2
- The researchers then looked at prevalence of an exposure over time while varying its annual increase under simulated scenarios. (hardinscientific.com)
- Moreover, evidence of the changing prevalence of these same exposures over time is not convincing nor consistent. (hardinscientific.com)
Genetic2
- The reviewed studies indicate that genetic predisposition for disease is best predicted in the context of environmental exposures. (scielosp.org)
- Genetic screening and occupational and environmental exposures. (ox.ac.uk)
Focuses1
- The Environmental Exposures in Child Care Facilities study focuses on environmental exposures in child care facilities, including infant day care, child care centers, preschools and nursery schools. (berkeley.edu)
Human1
- Finally, we are likely to witness dramatic improvements in human health, and reductions in medical costs, if environmental pollution is decreased. (scielosp.org)
Vulnerable1
- 1.) Children are more vulnerable to environmental exposures than adults because they breathe more air, eat more food, and drink more water per unit of body weight compared to adults. (berkeley.edu)
Risk Factors1
- Patients with type 2 diabetes can achieve cardiovascular protection from use of SGLT2 inhibitors Identifying environmental factors associated with type 1 diabetes that influence its incidence can inform future preventive trials and searches for other environmental risk factors. (hardinscientific.com)
Implications2
- We searched Web of Science and references of relevant publications to understand the diversity of gene regulatory mechanisms affected by environmental exposures with disease implications. (scielosp.org)
- The study concludes that the identification of environmental factors influencing type 1 diabetes risk and increased understanding of the etiology at the individual level, regardless of the ability to explain the changing incidence at the population level, is important because of the implications for prevention. (hardinscientific.com)
Chemistry1
- The environmental engineering undergraduate bachelor's degree program consists of courses in environmental engineering, earth science, chemistry, ecology, wasterwater treatment design, mathematics and more. (clarkson.edu)
Determine1
- The environmental variables will be examined in both an accelerated laboratory test and in-situ field exposure to determine the accuracy of current accelerated testing. (trb.org)
Associations1
- Other factors are that the magnitude of observed associations may have been underestimated due to exposure measurement error or mismodeling of complex exposure-time-response relationships. (hardinscientific.com)
Factors2
- In this paper, researchers reviewed the literature on environmental factors like air pollution, diet, childhood obesity, the duration of breastfeeding, the introduction of cow's milk, infections, and many others that showcase an impact on type 1 diabetes. (hardinscientific.com)
- However, most of the environmental factors reviewed had a relative risk of less than 2. (hardinscientific.com)
Mechanisms1
- There are many more mechanisms of gene regulation that are potentially susceptible to alteration by environmental influences. (scielosp.org)
Pesticides12
- Imperceptible chemicals include a number of environmental contaminants that may get into food from packaging or residues from the use of solvents, veterinary drugs, or pesticides. (nih.gov)
- and postnatal exposure to some pesticides can interfere with all developmental stages of reproductive function in adult females, including puberty, menstruation and ovulation, fertility and fecundity, and menopause. (acog.org)
- The CDC found widespread exposure to pyrethroid pesticides, for example, which have been poorly studied in terms of human health, and phthalates, which are common in plastics and have been linked to reproductive abnormalities. (enn.com)
- The Children's Environmental Exposure Research Study (or CHEERS) was a study conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency designed to examine how children may be exposed to pesticides and other chemicals used in U.S. households, such as phthalates, brominated flame retardants, and perfluorinated compounds (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and others). (wikipedia.org)
- EPA denies this, contending that because CHEERS would have only examined families who used pesticides prior to the study, CHEERS would not have increased the subject families' exposure to pesticides. (wikipedia.org)
- Numerous studies have attempted to link breast cancers with environmental factors, including electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and chlorinated pesticides. (emagazine.com)
- Frequently patients present to their physicians with questions or concerns about exposures to such substances as lead, air pollutants and pesticides. (cmaj.ca)
- And prenatal exposures to certain pesticides as well as to phthalates have been linked to autistic behaviors in children. (kevinmd.com)
- The review also addresses studies looking at the associations between health outcomes and exposures to POPs, particularly, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and pesticides, reported in cohort studies while accounting for gender differences. (degruyter.com)
- The book outlines the basic principles of exposure assessment, and examines the current status and research questions in the exposure assessment of occupational and environmental epidemiological studies of allergens, particulate matter, chlorination disinfection by-products, agricultural pesticides and radiofrequencies. (abebooks.com)
- Among those listed as high priority for the years 2015-2019 are multi-walled carbon nanotubes, welding and welding fumes, and occupational exposure to pesticides. (eponline.com)
- The report lists more than 50 recommended agents and exposures, and among those listed as high priority for the upcoming years are bisphenol A, 1-bromopropane, shiftwork, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, welding and welding fumes, and occupational exposure to pesticides. (eponline.com)
Development and Exacerbation2
- These environmental changes result in increased exposure to air and traffic pollution, fungi, infectious agents, tobacco smoke, and other early-life and lifelong risk factors for the development and exacerbation of asthma and allergic diseases. (jci.org)
- This Review highlights epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence linking environmental exposures to the development and exacerbation of allergic airway responses. (jci.org)
Pollution12
- Noise pollution is a major environmental health problem in Europe. (europa.eu)
- Noise from railways and aircraft has a much lower impact in terms of overall population noise exposure, but both remain significant sources of localised noise pollution. (europa.eu)
- Chronic exposure to household indoor smoke and outdoor air pollution is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. (springer.com)
- In adults, chronic exposure to biomass smoke, ambient air pollution, and opportunistic exposure to fumes and dust are associated with an increased risk of developing chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and respiratory infections, including tuberculosis. (springer.com)
- Concerns about the adverse effects of air pollution on children's health and development are important determinants of environmental and public health policies. (who.int)
- The few published worldwide studies all indicate a significant health burden caused by long-term exposure air pollution. (who.int)
- Human exposure to air pollution is a major public health concern. (mdpi.com)
- Recent technologies such as sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), communications technology, and artificial intelligence enable the accurate evaluation of air pollution exposure for a population in an environmental health context. (mdpi.com)
- In a recent study of school children, air pollution exposure as measured by school monitoring was associated with increased airway inflammation, an association that was more pronounced in atopic children. (nature.com)
- After the formation of the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970, American photography increasingly recast familiar spaces and themes-the natural world, the city, the home, the automobile-in light of growing anxieties around waste, energy use, pollution, and development. (stanford.edu)
- It is a long debate as to whether this environmental pollution may result in additional mesotheliomas," Professor Burdorf says. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
- Because inflammatory responses can be stimulated by numerous environmental exposures such as metals, stress, and air pollution, this study promises to provide valuable insight into a centralized mechanism by which varied genetic and environmental challenges may increase ASD risk. (autismspeaks.org)
ABSTRACT1
- ABSTRACT: Reducing exposure to toxic environmental agents is a critical area of intervention for obstetricians, gynecologists, and other reproductive health care professionals. (acog.org)
Prevalence7
- The proportions of cases with occupational or environmental/familial exposures were similar between PEM and PLM cases (50% occupational and 6% environmental), instead the prevalence of subjects with both occupational and environmental/familial exposure was more than doubled among PEM cases (6.4% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.059). (lww.com)
- This article reviews several environmental exposures and suggests whether they contribute to asthma prevalence, asthma exacerbations, or both. (aappublications.org)
- Outdoor air exposures and violence are not likely to cause the increase in asthma prevalence. (aappublications.org)
- Indoor air exposures are more strongly linked to the increase in asthma prevalence. (aappublications.org)
- Whether decreasing these exposures will result in decreases in asthma prevalence and exacerbations is not yet documented. (aappublications.org)
- The purpose of this article is to review the evidence regarding the link between environmental exposures and asthma prevalence and exacerbations. (aappublications.org)
- Differential exposure to combustion by-products and allergens may partially explain the marked disparity in asthma prevalence (3-18 % ) among New York City neighborhoods. (nature.com)
Chronic4
- The CDC has launched an online surveillance tool that will track how environmental exposures might impact chronic health conditions. (redorbit.com)
- Consistent evidence documents associations between wildfire smoke exposure and general respiratory health effects, specifically exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (nih.gov)
- We propose that these environmental irritation syndromes overlap with fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue syndrome (FM/CFS). (epa.gov)
- Chronic long-term exposure to lower-level RFR from wireless antennas is also linked to some of these effects, particularly on the immune system, mental function, sleep interference and on DNA. (buergerwelle.de)
Interplay5
- Environmental exposures interplay with human host factors to promote the development and progression of allergic diseases. (jci.org)
- The interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental exposures is instrumental in shaping the immune system, especially in early life when neonates go from limited environmental exposure in utero to having their skin, lungs, and intestinal tract colonized by fungus and bacteria to form their microbiome. (jci.org)
- On March 2-3, 2015, the Roundtable will host a workshop entitled the Interplay between Environmental Exposures and Obesity. (nationalacademies.org)
- NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
- The National Institute of Environmental Health Scienced (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program presents the third session in the Risk e-Learning series, The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures and Infectious Agents. (neha.org)
Human exposure1
- At a time of growing debate over the safety and usefulness of flame retardants added to consumer products, 1 new evidence is emerging about the breadth of human exposure to one of the most widely used of these compounds. (nih.gov)
Metals1
- Numerous epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that occupational or accidental exposure to organic compounds and metals result in illnesses including cancer, cardiovascular events and pulmonary diseases. (degruyter.com)
Perspectives5
- Regional Perspectives to Integrate Exposure & Exposome Measurement with Effects on Human Health Environmental exposure science is moving away from a single point bottom-up strategy of measuring one exposure and one effect to a top-down discovery approach. (environmental-expert.com)
- Phys.org) -A number of years ago, a paper was published in Environmental Health Perspectives by Maureen Gwinn and Val Vallyathan that reflected concern about nanoparticles. (phys.org)
- The research was published online on Dec. 21, 2011 in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives. (redorbit.com)
- This list has already been accepted by Environmental Health Perspectives , the most highly ranked journal in environmental health, and will be published later this year. (kevinmd.com)
- Environmental Health Perspectives 116(6): 821-825. (harvard.edu)
Prenatal exposure3
- Robust scientific evidence has emerged over the past 15 years, demonstrating that preconception and prenatal exposure to toxic environmental agents can have a profound and lasting effect on reproductive health across the life course ( 1-3 ). (acog.org)
- Meanwhile, Ansar Ahmed, a Virginia Tech immunologist, found prenatal exposure to the drug DES (another estrogen-like chemical) caused mice to develop lupus symptoms--but not until later in life. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Using self-reported prenatal exposure resulted in non-differential exposure misclassification of SHS exposures that attenuated the association between SHS exposure and BMI compared with serum cotinine concentrations. (unc.edu)
Prevent exposures1
- Most doctors agree that counseling patients about environmental health hazards could prevent exposures. (cdc.gov)
Fetal3
- Children's exposure to tobacco constituents during fetal development and via environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is perhaps the most ubiquitous and hazardous of children's environmental exposures. (aappublications.org)
- Studies of each of these problems suggest independent effects of both pre- and postnatal exposure for each, with the respiratory risk associated with parental smoking seeming to be greatest during fetal development and the first several years of life. (aappublications.org)
- The underlying mechanisms for what has been termed "developmental programming" have not been definitively established, although reprogramming of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis as a result of poor maternal nutrition and exposure of developing fetal tissues to excess glucocorticoids is thought to underlie developmental programming for some metabolic diseases of both humans and rodents ( 11 ). (pnas.org)
Exacerbate asthma1
- Because the morbidity and mortality from adult asthma have been increasing, the identification of modifiable environmental exposures that exacerbate asthma has become a priority. (nih.gov)
Toxin2
- Efforts to reduce lead in our environment - for example, by banning it as a gasoline additive - took many years to achieve because of industry opposition, but have been very successful in reducing our exposure to this toxin. (enn.com)
- Bisphenol A (BPA) is another popular environmental toxin that practically everybody has accumulated in his or her body, although mostly in very low concentrations not considered to be critical for human health. (bionity.com)
Toxicity1
- Following the 1962 publication of Rachel Carson's landmark book Silent Spring , environmental toxicity captured the public's attention as a primary health threat. (nih.gov)
Risk44
- Just their physical size puts children at greater risk of exposure. (cdc.gov)
- Please define the meaning of "risk" from the perspective of environmental monitoring. (environmental-expert.com)
- The effect of current low-level environmental lead exposure is less well known, particularly among children, a population generally free from kidney disease risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)
- 21 Smoking during pregnancy seems to add an additional risk to that associated with postnatal exposure to ETS. (aappublications.org)
- A number of recent studies of male breast cancer suggest risk is associated with excessive estrogen exposure," Donegan reports. (emagazine.com)
- The attributable risk to asbestos exposure (occupational and/or environmental) is somehow different in pleural (PLM) and peritoneal malignant mesothelioma (PEM), with some recent studies suggesting a more limited role of occupational asbestos exposure in the etiology of PEM. (lww.com)
- Our data suggest that asbestos exposure is the main risk factor not only for PLM but also for PEM, and pointed out the importance of mixed occupational and environmental exposure in etiological pathway leading to such a rare but fatal disease, encouraging any efforts to identify unknown sources of exposure in order to ensure public health. (lww.com)
- The emergence of investor-oriented disclosure frameworks, such as the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations, and shifting public expectations about how organisations manage natural resources, mean that companies are having to find new ways to combat environmental risk. (maplecroft.com)
- Using our internationally recognised risk indices, we can map global corporate exposure to climate change, natural hazards, water issues and regulatory challenges down to the asset-level. (maplecroft.com)
- Our team of experienced environmental specialists and consultants use these data-driven insights as the basis to deliver expert analysis and develop risk mitigation strategies that enable you to pinpoint your risk exposure, so you can understand where to focus your resources and adopt best practice in disclosure. (maplecroft.com)
- The compound breaks down rapidly when exposed to sunlight, and regulators once thought this attribute greatly reduced its environmental risk. (eurekalert.org)
- In addition to combustible cigarette use, a plethora of new electronic tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes, "heat-not-burn" devices and "modified risk tobacco products" (MRTP), are now sold with claims to reduce risk from tobacco use or exposure. (trdrp.org)
- Novel and well-established evaluation methods are needed to characterize patterns of exposure and risk in these venues. (trdrp.org)
- The findings from this investigation provide the strongest evidence to date that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. (nih.gov)
- In fact, the risk of developing thyroid cancer appears 14-times greater in the individuals who have been exposed to low doses of these environmental toxins, according to Dr. Vincenzo Marotta, the lead study author, who is an oncologist from IRCCS National Cancer Institute in Naples, Italy. (endocrineweb.com)
- Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of asthma, and we believe that our ability to combat the detrimental effects of environmental exposures such as secondhand smoke through antioxidant enzyme defense is very important," Dr. Larkin said. (medindia.net)
- The Occupational Alliance for Risk Science has published documentation for three Workplace Environmental Exposure Levels. (aiha.org)
- To estimate the risk of ischaemic heart disease caused by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and to explain why the associated excess risk is almost half that of smoking 20 cigarettes per day when the exposure is only about 1% that of smoking. (bmj.com)
- Meta-analysis of all 19 acceptable published studies of risk of ischaemic heart disease in lifelong non-smokers who live with a smoker and in those who live with a non-smoker, five large prospective studies of smoking and ischaemic heart disease, and studies of platelet aggregation and studies of diet according to exposure to tobacco smoke. (bmj.com)
- The relative risk of ischaemic heart disease associated with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.38) at age 65. (bmj.com)
- Two separate analyses indicated that non-smokers who live with smokers eat a diet that places them at a 6% higher risk of ischaemic heart disease, so the direct effect of environmental tobacco smoke is to increase risk by 23% (14% to 33%), since 1.30/1.06=1.23. (bmj.com)
- 1 2 3 4 5 It seems implausible that the effect of environmental exposure to tobacco smoke should be so large when the excess risk associated with smoking 20 cigarettes per day is only about 80% at age 65 (the average age of ischaemic heart disease events in the studies). (bmj.com)
- Workers in these industries and people who live or work near areas where these substances are found could be at risk of increased exposure. (webwire.com)
- Environmental exposures may increase a child's risk of developing asthma and also may increase the risk of asthma exacerbations. (aappublications.org)
- Exposure to dust mites and tobacco smoke are risk factors for the development of asthma and may also exacerbate existing asthma. (aappublications.org)
- The Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Centers invites the public to join a free webinar on autism risk and environmental exposures on Wednesday, August 8, from 1 to 2:30 p.m. (autismspeaks.org)
- Autism Speaks is currently funding Dr. Pessah's research on how environmental exposures may affect autism risk through their effect on the immune system. (autismspeaks.org)
- Autism Speaks continues to fund a wealth of research on environmental risk factors for autism . (autismspeaks.org)
- This exposure determination will include all job classifications with potential exposures and all tasks and procedures in which occupational exposure occurs and that are performed by employees listed in the at-risk job classifications. (yu.edu)
- Environmental asbestos exposure leads to a high risk of MM in Turkey. (mdpi.com)
- Asbestos exposure continues in 379 villages, with 158,068 people still living in high risk areas. (mdpi.com)
- Though aging may be a consistent risk factor in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and PD ,environmental exposure contribute to this due to the earlier loss of neuronal redundancy or damage to critical neuronal systems exacerbated by environmental exposures across the life span. (nih.gov)
- Few studies ( 1-4 ) have examined whether environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure increases the risk of mortality among women with breast cancer, and no studies to date have prospectively examined the impact of postdiagnosis changes in ETS exposure on mortality. (aacrjournals.org)
- The Issue Profiles include links for exposure and risk reduction options and for community and tribal projects. (epa.gov)
- The Exposure and Risk Reduction Options section of the C-FERST Issue Profile contains links to exposure and risk reduction information for a variety of environmental issues. (epa.gov)
- Below the Exposure and Risk Reduction section of the issue profile is the Community and Tribal Projects section where you can find links to information about EPA-supported community and tribal projects that have addressed a variety of environmental issues. (epa.gov)
- This example shows how to find exposure and risk reduction information, and relevant community and tribal projects, for childhood asthma and environmental tobacco smoke. (epa.gov)
- Conclusions: Environmental cadmium exposure may be associated with increased risk of dental caries in deciduous teeth of children. (harvard.edu)
- In summary, by linking electronic registers with biobank samples, this approach will provide a time-efficient and cost-effective means of fulfilling a 2011 Autism Speaks research priority regarding environmental risk factors. (autismspeaks.org)
- The two intend to develop an extensive list of unique cell signatures that correspond with specific pathogenic exposures and disease states that could be quickly and inexpensively accessed by clinicians to diagnose and predict disease risk. (prnewswire.com)
- Translating sustainability into action starts with implementing the right metrics to assess your environmental risk and performance. (eponline.com)
- There is no conclusive scientific evidence on the safety or risk of such exposures, but a growing body of scientific evidence reports such bioeffects and adverse health effects are possible, if not probable. (buergerwelle.de)
- In the USA an estimated 15 million children, accounting for more than 25% of the population in this age group, are currently exposed to household ETS and are at risk for adverse health effects from this exposure. (bmj.com)
- In the closing chapters, the authors place the discussion in a broader social and scientific context, exploring such issues as individual and community risk, environmental engineering for risk reduction, pulmonary medicine, and lessons learned in the industrial sector. (google.it)
Indoor3
- To study the effects of ETS better, we developed a survey instrument to measure ETS exposure in a cohort of adults with asthma living in northern California, where public indoor smoking is limited. (nih.gov)
- Monitoring SHS exposure (SHSe) in indoor environments provides useful information on the extent and consequences of SHSe, implementing and evaluating tobacco control programmes and behavioural interventions, and estimating overall burden of disease caused by SHSe. (bmj.com)
- The professionals at Zimmetry offer environmental compliance, indoor air quality, asbestos, lead-based paint, Phase I ESAs and general environmental consulting services. (webwire.com)
Secondhand5
- The complex composition of secondhand smoke (SHS) provides a range of constituents that can be measured in environmental samples (air, dust and on surfaces) and therefore used to assess non-smokers' exposure to tobacco smoke. (bmj.com)
- An impaired ability to handle oxidative stress that arises from exposure to secondhand smoke and other environmental triggers may contribute to the development of asthma, according to results obtained from the Shanghai Women's Health Asthma and Allergy Study. (medindia.net)
- Questionnaire data indicated 96 percent of the women were never-smokers and 44 percent were exposed to secondhand smoke through husbands or workplace exposure. (medindia.net)
- Less is known about the association between prenatal secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and childhood BMI. (unc.edu)
- In addition, accurate quantification of prenatal secondhand tobacco smoke exposures is essential to obtaining valid estimates. (unc.edu)
Children's environmental health3
- PEHSUs have addressed children's environmental health for over 20 years. (cdc.gov)
- Dr. Pessah also directs the UC Davis Center for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention. (autismspeaks.org)
- Philip J. Landrigan is Director of the Children's Environmental Health Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center , New York City, NY. (kevinmd.com)
Toxicology7
- 8 However, its potential carcinogencity has not been classified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the National Toxicology Program. (nih.gov)
- Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , 44 , 643-649. (springer.com)
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 8 , 1103-1123. (springer.com)
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 4 , 703-710. (springer.com)
- examine toxicology and exposure science of new and emerging tobacco products. (trdrp.org)
- He has organized symposia and workshops and chaired sessions on arsenic exposure and toxicology at international conferences and published over 100 articles. (wiley.com)
- Our body can effectively detoxify most of these substances, but various molecules as well as co-exposures can impact drug efficacy," says Benedikt Warth, deputy head of the Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology at the Faculty of Chemistry and coordinator of the newly founded national exposome research infrastructure, EIRENE Austria. (bionity.com)
Pathways2
- Still, our ability to prevent allergic diseases is hindered by gaps in understanding of the underlying mechanisms and interaction of environmental, viral, and allergen exposures with immune pathways that impact disease development. (jci.org)
- The workshop will explore the role of chemical exposures in the development of obesity through sessions focused on a life span view, possible biologic pathways and environmental influences, and effects of food additives and antibiotics. (nationalacademies.org)
Asthma14
- Limited evidence suggests that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) may adversely affect adults with asthma. (nih.gov)
- In this validation study, we recruited 50 subjects from an ongoing longitudinal asthma cohort study who had a positive screening question for ETS exposure or potential exposure. (nih.gov)
- A brief, validated survey instrument can be used to assess ETS exposure among adults with asthma, even with low levels of exposure. (nih.gov)
- A large literature links both prenatal maternal smoking and children's ETS exposure to decreased lung growth and increased rates of respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and childhood asthma, with the severity of these problems increasing with increased exposure. (aappublications.org)
- The survey explored the frequency with which pediatricians inquire about smoking and exposure to ETS among adolescent patients with asthma, chart documentation practices regarding all patients' exposure to ETS, and pediatricians' perception of the effect of ETS on the health of their patients as well as their practice community. (aap.org)
- About half of pediatricians (51%) ask adolescent patients with asthma about smoking and exposure to ETS in the home at every visit. (aap.org)
- However, responses vary by practice setting: 75% of pediatricians in group practices document exposure to ETS in patients' charts compared to 69% of pediatricians in solo practices and 65% of those in hospital/clinic settings (p=.05) Presence of adolescent patients with asthma also affects pediatricians' documentation practices. (aap.org)
- We found that the host antioxidant defense system is compromised among those destined to develop asthma, and therefore these individuals may be less able to handle environmental exposures that may cause asthma," said study author Emma Larkin, PhD, research assistant professor at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. (medindia.net)
- Oxidative stress, which is a relative increase of oxidants over antioxidants, is known to be important in many diseases, including asthma," said Dr. Larkin, who is also a member of the Center for Asthma & Environmental Sciences Research at the medical center. (medindia.net)
- Clinicians should be alert for space-time clusters of asthma exacerbations in the community, because these clusters may suggest a modifiable point-source exposure. (aappublications.org)
- It is essential for clinicians to be knowledgeable about environmental precipitants of asthma, because this information may help them to counsel patients and their parents. (aappublications.org)
- As a result, most clinicians have relied on secondary prevention (ie, trying to prevent exacerbations in children with known asthma, in part by decreasing environmental exposures, which cause worsening of symptoms). (aappublications.org)
- The realization that environmental exposures could lead to asthma attacks has its origins in studies of clusters of asthma. (aappublications.org)
- Much of what we now know about the relation between outdoor air exposures and asthma came to light as a result of asthma clusters in communities. (aappublications.org)
Biological3
- And the compounds persist longer, resulting in 50 percent more biological exposure than anticipated. (eurekalert.org)
- Possible routes of exposure and common sources of potentially toxic biological, physical and chemical substances are identified. (cmaj.ca)
- Maternal and infant exposure to environmental phenols as measured in multiple biological matrices. (biomedsearch.com)
Asbestos Exposure and Mesothelioma1
- Research has already established a link between on-the-job asbestos exposure and mesothelioma. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
Adverse health1
- The extent to which environmental exposures ultimately lead to adverse health effects through an inflammatory pathway is unclear, despite growing evidence for a role of the environment in a wide range of diseases that involve inflammation. (nih.gov)
Genetics1
Conclusions2
- CONCLUSIONS: We found widespread exposure among pregnant women and infants to environmental phenols, with large inter-individual variability in exposure to triclosan. (biomedsearch.com)
- CONCLUSIONS In utero exposure to maternal smoking is independently associated with decreased lung function in children of school age, especially for small airway flows. (bmj.com)
Particulate matter exposure1
- Outdoor particulate matter exposure and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (springer.com)
Maternal7
- The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on children's birth weight has been recognized since 1957, 1 and the first report concerning the adverse effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on children's health was published in 1967. (aappublications.org)
- 3 A similarly large, although generally newer body of work, clearly links both prenatal maternal smoking and ETS exposure to ear infections, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), behavioral problems, and neurocognitive deficits. (aappublications.org)
- BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) during childhood and in utero exposure to maternal smoking are associated with adverse effects on lung growth and development. (bmj.com)
- METHODS A study was undertaken of the associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy, exposure to ETS, and pulmonary function in 3357 school children residing in 12 Southern California communities. (bmj.com)
- Current and past exposure to household ETS and exposure to maternal smoking in utero were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire completed by parents of 4th, 7th, and 10th grade students in 1993. (bmj.com)
- RESULTS In utero exposure to maternal smoking was associated with reduced peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (-3.0%, 95% CI -4.4 to -1.4), mean mid expiratory flow (MMEF) (-4.6%, 95% CI -7.0 to -2.3), and forced expiratory flow (FEF 75 ) (-6.2%, 95% CI -9.1 to -3.1), but not forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ). (bmj.com)
- 5-12 Because in utero exposure to maternal smoking and ETS exposure during childhood are highly correlated, both exposures need to be considered in assessing the adverse effects of tobacco smoke on pulmonary function tests. (bmj.com)
Measurement1
- The objective of these studies is to compare different techniques of core body temperature measurement with exposure to cold and hot environments. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Radiation4
- In this study, a pre-operational radiological baseline of the site and the occupational radiation exposures due to radon progeny in the mine were determined. (rsc.org)
- Microwave and Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure: A growing environmental health crisis? (buergerwelle.de)
- The most rapidly growing environmental pollutant in today's environment is probably electromagnetic fields (EMF) including radiofrequency radiation. (buergerwelle.de)
- Public exposure to electromagnetic radiation (radiofrequency and microwave) is growing exponentially worldwide with the introduction and use of cordless phones, cellular phones, pagers and antennas in communities designed to transmit their RF signals. (buergerwelle.de)
Widespread2
- Road traffic is the most widespread source of environmental noise, with more than 100 million people affected by harmful levels in the EEA-33 member countries. (europa.eu)
- In modern times, an increase in chemical production has led to widespread environmental chemical contamination that can affect normal hormone function in those exposed, particularly in vulnerable populations, such as children and pregnant women. (eurekalert.org)
Search1
- You can search both websites for information on specific topics, like childhood lead exposure. (cdc.gov)
Allergen1
- It is increasingly recognized that the timing, load, and route of allergen exposure affect allergic disease phenotypes and development. (jci.org)
Methods2
- The study of complex exposure mixtures has prompted development of novel statistical methods. (springer.com)
- The purpose of this FOA is to stimulate research on the role of environmental exposure in neurodegenerative disease (ND) by developing feasibility data for new concepts or by adapting new technologies, tools and methods of use for studies in neurodegenerative diseases. (nih.gov)
20163
- 2016. Critical review of health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure. (nih.gov)
- These are the 2016 edition of Southern Environmental Law Center's Southern Exposure film series. (alabamarivers.org)
- In 2016, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concluded a 10-year study of ethylene oxide, a. (beasleyallen.com)
Https1
- Waterborne disease outbreaks associated with environmental and undetermined exposures to water from prior years have been reported previously ( https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/environmental/environ-water-surveillance-reports.html ). (medscape.com)
Disease13
- Waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States are associated with a wide variety of water exposures and are reported annually to CDC on a voluntary basis by state and territorial health departments through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS). (medscape.com)
- CDC analyzed data from waterborne disease outbreaks reported to NORS associated with environmental and undetermined exposures to water during 2013-2014. (medscape.com)
- NORS defines a waterborne disease outbreak as the occurrence of a similar illness in two or more persons who are linked by time and location to a common water exposure. (medscape.com)
- Firstly, we conducted a meta-analysis of the studies of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (or passive smoking) and ischaemic heart disease. (bmj.com)
- See Appendix A.) The purpose of this regulation is to limit occupational exposure to blood and other potentially-infectious materials, since any exposure could result in transmission of bloodborne pathogens which could lead to disease or death. (yu.edu)
- Eighty people with exposure to environmental asbestos and without any disease, 46 mesothelioma patients, and a control group of 50 people without exposure to environmental asbestos were enrolled in this prospective study. (hindawi.com)
- The emphasis for this FOA would be especially focused on Alzheimer's (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's (PD) to stimulate advancement of neurodegenerative research by better establishing the importance of environmental exposure in disease causation in accordance with the goals of the new strategic plan. (nih.gov)
- The Environmental Polymorphisms Registry (EPR) Health and Exposure Survey is designed to gather health, family history of disease, environmental exposures and lifestyle data on adult EPR subjects. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The vision of the NIEHS is to use environmental health sciences to understand human disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
- The seminar series examines the interactions between environmental exposures and infectious agents in the development of disease. (neha.org)
- These are exposure studies associated with the disease and all of its children. (mdibl.org)
- This summer, by sequencing tens of millions of antibody genes per person - more than 100 times more genes than can be sequenced with existing technology - a research team led by Harlan Robins , Ph.D., and Chris Carlson , Ph.D., will track which changes related to environmental exposure are shared by individuals with the same disease. (prnewswire.com)
- Preventing disease through healthy environments, Exposure To Cadmium: A major public health concern WHO. (degruyter.com)
Assess2
- Further study should assess whether greater lead exposure contributes to the disproportionate burden of CKD in certain racial/ethnic groups," the study authors conclude. (medscape.com)
- We aimed to assess the evidence of health effects from exposure to wildfire smoke and to identify susceptible populations. (nih.gov)
Department of Environmental Health Sciences1
- Correspondence to Dr Patrick N Breysse, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N. (bmj.com)
Infants and children2
- The brains of infants and children are extremely sensitive to toxic exposures in the environment. (kevinmd.com)
- We know that even low levels of toxic exposure during these windows of vulnerability can cause lasting damage to the developing brains of infants and children. (kevinmd.com)
Respiratory2
- We reviewed the scientific literature for studies of wildfire smoke exposure on mortality and on respiratory, cardiovascular, mental, and perinatal health. (nih.gov)
- Consistent evidence from a large number of studies indicates that wildfire smoke exposure is associated with respiratory morbidity with growing evidence supporting an association with all-cause mortality. (nih.gov)
Epidemiologic4
- [ 3 ] Outbreaks involving an undetermined exposure to water could not be definitively linked to a single type of water exposure because of association with multiple suspected or confirmed water types (e.g., both spa and drinking water systems) or because insufficient epidemiologic, laboratory, or environmental evidence was available to identify the exposure. (medscape.com)
- Results of epidemiologic and laboratory investigations are also reported, including the suspected or confirmed etiologic agent, the type of water to which patients were exposed, and the setting of the water exposure. (medscape.com)
- This finding contributes to the increasing epidemiologic evidence indicating an adverse effect of low-level environmental lead exposure. (medscape.com)
- Background: Although animal experiments have shown that cadmium exposure results in severe dental caries, limited epidemiologic data are available on this issue. (harvard.edu)
Exposome1
- This way, we can systematically investigate the network of relationships between the so-called exposome, i.e. all measurable exposures, and certain active agents," says Warth. (bionity.com)
Pregnant women2
- Many environmental exposures in children and pregnant women can be prevented-and you can learn how. (cdc.gov)
- Exposures of pregnant women and children to common thyroid-hormone-disrupting toxins may be linked to the increased incidence of brain development disorders, according to a review published in Endocrine Connections . (eurekalert.org)
Childhood3
- Children's rapid development from before they are born through early childhood makes them more vulnerable to environmental exposures. (cdc.gov)
- PEHSUs are committed to protecting children from exposure to harmful substances from the earliest stages of development before birth and throughout childhood. (cdc.gov)
- Children have been identified as a sensitive group for ETS because exposure during childhood can be high and because the period of growth and development may be an especially vulnerable one for its effects. (bmj.com)
Practice5
- To explore pediatricians' information gathering and documentation practices regarding patients' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and perception of the effect of ETS on the health of their patients and practice community. (aap.org)
- Pediatricians rate cigarette smoke as the greatest environmental hazard in their practice community. (aap.org)
- 1.1 This practice covers procedures to be followed for direct exposure of nonmetallic materials to the environment. (astm.org)
- 1.2 For exposures behind glass, refer to Practice G24 . (astm.org)
- 1.4 This practice is technically equivalent to the parts of ISO 877 that describe direct exposures of specimens to the environment. (astm.org)
Substances2
- Exposure to low levels of cigarette smoke and other volatile substances leads to excessive, local, systemic, and central nervous system symptoms in a minority of the population. (epa.gov)
- EMSL Analytical, Inc. offers comprehensive environmental and industrial hygiene testing services for manganese and other regulated substances. (emsl.com)
Reproductive7
- Many environmental factors harmful to reproductive health disproportionately affect vulnerable and underserved populations, which leaves some populations, including underserved women, more vulnerable to adverse reproductive health effects than other populations. (acog.org)
- They also offer professional education to physicians, nurses and nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and others in reproductive and pediatric environmental medicine and within schools of medicine and nursing. (cdc.gov)
- A novel method for calculating potency-weighted cumulative phthalates exposure with implications for identifying racial/ethnic disparities among U.S. reproductive-aged women in NHANES 2001-2012. (springer.com)
- The reproductive tract has been shown to be a target for developmental programming as a result of inappropriate hormone exposure. (pnas.org)
- Animal studies that simulate the human DES experience have since shown that exposure of the developing reproductive tracts of CD-1 mice to DES imparts a permanent estrogen imprint that alters reproductive-tract morphology, induces persistent expression of the lactoferrin and c -fos genes, and induces a high incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma ( 13 - 15 ). (pnas.org)
- Considering that current levels of POPs in women can also impact future generations, informative guidelines related to dietary patterns and exposure history are needed for women of reproductive age. (degruyter.com)
- Exposure to high levels of manganese in air can also cause lung irritation and reproductive effects. (emsl.com)
Infectious agents2
- The series will highlight researchers from around the country who are doing innovative research to better understand this relationship between environmental exposures, infectious agents, and immune response. (neha.org)
- This session series will focus on interactions between environmental exposures and infectious agents in the lung. (neha.org)
Health Sciences7
- John Meeker, an associate professor of environmental health sciences at the University of Michigan School of Public Health and lead author of the EHP study, 3 says the high levels of TDCPP documented in the new studies may reflect ongoing and direct exposure. (nih.gov)
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) jointly fund its programs. (autismspeaks.org)
- The workshop will be held at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Research Triangle Park, NC, and will be webcast for those who are unable to attend in person. (nationalacademies.org)
- Disorders like lupus, multiple sclerosis (MS) and Type I diabetes are on the rise, says Glinda Cooper, an epidemiologist with the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). (thefreelibrary.com)
- NIEHS is committed to conducting the most rigorous research in environmental health sciences, and to communicating the results of this research to the public. (nih.gov)
- NIEHS offers a broad range of job opportunities, career enhancement programs, and research training grants and programs in environmental health sciences and administration. (nih.gov)
- The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is expanding and accelerating its contributions to scientific knowledge of human health and the environment, and to the health and well-being of people everywhere. (nih.gov)
