AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
EnterocytesIntestine, SmallIntestinal MucosaJejunumCaco-2 CellsMicrovilliIntestinesDuodenumIntestinal AbsorptionIleumSucrase-Isomaltase ComplexSucraseEpitheliumNecturus maculosusAnimals, SucklingLactase-Phlorizin HydrolaseEnterocolitis, NecrotizingPeyer's PatchesGlutamineGerm-Free LifeSwineAntigens, CD13Apolipoprotein B-48Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1Cation Transport ProteinsCitrullineEpithelial CellsColonFatty Acid-Binding ProteinsChylomicronsBacterial AdhesionCeliac DiseaseGliadinMicroscopy, ElectronEndoplasmic Reticulum, SmoothGlucose Transporter Type 2PhlorhizinIntestinal DiseasesNecturusGlucose Transporter Type 5Goblet CellsImmunohistochemistryEnteroendocrine CellsRNA, MessengerCarrier ProteinsLactaseIronDisaccharidasesElementsAnimals, NewbornEnteropeptidaseOrnithinealpha-GlucosidasesAbsorption1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate DehydrogenaseFerrozineMembrane Proteins
Enterocytes
Absorptive cells in the lining of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. They are differentiated EPITHELIAL CELLS with apical MICROVILLI facing the intestinal lumen. Enterocytes are more abundant in the SMALL INTESTINE than in the LARGE INTESTINE. Their microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cell by 14- to 40 fold.
Intestine, Small
The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.
Intestinal Mucosa
Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.
Jejunum
The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.
Caco-2 Cells
Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.
Microvilli
Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell.
Intestines
The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.
Duodenum
The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.
Intestinal Absorption
Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.
Ileum
The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.
Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex
An enzyme complex found in the brush border membranes of the small intestine. It is believed to be an enzyme complex with different catalytic sites. Its absence is manifested by an inherited disease called sucrase-isomaltase deficiency.
Sucrase
Epithelium
One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.
Necturus maculosus
A neotenic aquatic species of mudpuppy (Necturus) occurring from Manitoba to Louisiana and Texas.
Animals, Suckling
Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed.
Lactase-Phlorizin Hydrolase
The multifunctional protein that contains two enzyme domains. The first domain (EC 3.2.1.62) hydrolyzes glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine to a sugar and N-acylsphingosine. The second domain (EC 3.2.1.108) hydrolyzes LACTOSE and is found in the intestinal brush border membrane. Loss of activity for this enzyme in humans results in LACTOSE INTOLERANCE.
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing
ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.
Peyer's Patches
Lymphoid tissue on the mucosa of the small intestine.
Glutamine
A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.
Germ-Free Life
Animals not contaminated by or associated with any foreign organisms.
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Antigens, CD13
Zinc-binding metalloproteases that are members of the type II integral membrane metalloproteases. They are expressed by GRANULOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and their precursors as well as by various non-hematopoietic cells. They release an N-terminal amino acid from a peptide, amide or arylamide.
Apolipoprotein B-48
A 241-kDa protein synthesized only in the INTESTINES. It serves as a structural protein of CHYLOMICRONS. Its exclusive association with chylomicron particles provides an indicator of intestinally derived lipoproteins in circulation. Apo B-48 is a shortened form of apo B-100 and lacks the LDL-receptor region.
Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1
The founding member of the sodium glucose transport proteins. It is predominately expressed in the INTESTINAL MUCOSA of the SMALL INTESTINE.
Cation Transport Proteins
Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a biological membrane.
Citrulline
Epithelial Cells
Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.
Colon
The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.
Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins
Intracellular proteins that reversibly bind hydrophobic ligands including: saturated and unsaturated FATTY ACIDS; EICOSANOIDS; and RETINOIDS. They are considered a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed family of proteins that may play a role in the metabolism of LIPIDS.
Chylomicrons
A class of lipoproteins that carry dietary CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES from the SMALL INTESTINE to the tissues. Their density (0.93-1.006 g/ml) is the same as that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.
Bacterial Adhesion
Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.
Gliadin
Simple protein, one of the prolamines, derived from the gluten of wheat, rye, etc. May be separated into 4 discrete electrophoretic fractions. It is the toxic factor associated with CELIAC DISEASE.
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth
A type of endoplasmic reticulum lacking associated ribosomes on the membrane surface. It exhibits a wide range of specialized metabolic functions including supplying enzymes for steroid synthesis, detoxification, and glycogen breakdown. In muscle cells, smooth endoplasmic reticulum is called SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
Glucose Transporter Type 2
A glucose transport facilitator that is expressed primarily in PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; LIVER; and KIDNEYS. It may function as a GLUCOSE sensor to regulate INSULIN release and glucose HOMEOSTASIS.
Phlorhizin
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.
Necturus
A genus of the Proteidae family with five recognized species, which inhabit the Atlantic and Gulf drainages.
Glucose Transporter Type 5
A hexose transporter that mediates FRUCTOSE transport in SKELETAL MUSCLE and ADIPOCYTES and is responsible for luminal uptake of dietary fructose in the SMALL INTESTINE.
Goblet Cells
A glandular epithelial cell or a unicellular gland. Goblet cells secrete MUCUS. They are scattered in the epithelial linings of many organs, especially the SMALL INTESTINE and the RESPIRATORY TRACT.
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Enteroendocrine Cells
Cells found throughout the lining of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that contain and secrete regulatory PEPTIDE HORMONES and/or BIOGENIC AMINES.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Carrier Proteins
Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.
Lactase
An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of LACTOSE to D-GALACTOSE and D-GLUCOSE. Defects in the enzyme cause LACTOSE INTOLERANCE.
Iron
A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
Disaccharidases
Elements
Substances that comprise all matter. Each element is made up of atoms that are identical in number of electrons and protons and in nuclear charge, but may differ in mass or number of neutrons.
Animals, Newborn
Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.
Enteropeptidase
A specialized proteolytic enzyme secreted by intestinal cells. It converts TRYPSINOGEN into its active form TRYPSIN by removing the N-terminal peptide. EC 3.4.21.9.
Ornithine
An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.
alpha-Glucosidases
Enzymes that catalyze the exohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages with release of alpha-glucose. Deficiency of alpha-1,4-glucosidase may cause GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE II.
Absorption
The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.
1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-GLUTAMATE in the presence of NAD. Defects in the enzyme are the cause of hyperprolinemia II.
Ferrozine
A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron.
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Modulation of intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes in human enterocyte Caco-2 cells by interferon-gamma and interleukin-6: role of nitric oxide and cooperation with antibiotics. (1/903)

The influence of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-6 on the intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes phagocytosed from the apical pole was examined in polarized Caco-2 cells. IFN-gamma (from the apical pole) and IL-6 (from the basolateral pole) considerably reduced the bacterial intracellular growth, an effect largely abolished by l-monomethyl arginine. Both cytokines caused overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. IL-6, but not IFN-gamma, caused a partial restriction of L. monocytogenes in phagosomes and largely prevented the cytosolic forms from being surrounded by actin. Ampicillin was bacteriostatic in unstimulated cells but modestly bactericidal in cells treated with IFN-gamma and IL-6. Azithromycin (a macrolide) was fairly bactericidal and sparfloxacin (a fluoroquinolone) highly bactericidal in all situations. IFN-gamma and IL-6 may therefore be important determinants in the protection of epithelial cells from intracellular multiplication of L. monocytogenes. Ampicillin may fail in their absence, requiring the use of other antibiotics such as the fluoroquinolones.  (+info)

Intestinal adaptation and enterocyte apoptosis following small bowel resection is p53 independent. (2/903)

Adaptation following small bowel resection (SBR) signals enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis. Because p53-induced p21(waf1/cip1) may be important for apoptosis in many cells, we hypothesized that these genes are required for increased enterocyte apoptosis during adaptation. Male C57BL/6 (wild-type) or p53-null mice underwent 50% proximal SBR or sham operation (bowel transection-reanastomosis). Adaptation (DNA-protein content, villus height-crypt depth, enterocyte proliferation), appearance of apoptotic bodies, and p53 and p21(waf1/cip1) protein expression were measured in the ileum after 5 days. Adaptation was equivalent after SBR in both wild-type and p53-null mice as monitored by significantly increased ileal DNA-protein content, villus height, and enterocyte proliferation. The number of crypt apoptotic bodies increased significantly after SBR evenly in both wild-type and p53-null mice. In the p53-null mice, SBR substantially induced the expression of p21(waf1/cip1) protein in villus enterocytes. The p53-independent induction of p21(waf1/cip1) may account for the similar intestinal response to SBR between wild-type and p53-null mice. Intestinal adaptation and increased enterocyte apoptosis following intestinal resection occur via a p53-independent mechanism.  (+info)

Increased dietary triacylglycerol markedly enhances the ability of isolated rabbit enterocytes to secrete chylomicrons: an effect related to dietary fatty acid composition. (3/903)

Dietary fats are efficiently absorbed in the small intestine and transported into the blood via the lymph as chylomicrons, despite enormous variations in the amount and composition of the dietary lipid. The aim of the present study was to investigate how enterocytes respond to increased dietary fats of different composition. Rabbits were fed a low fat chow diet, and chow supplemented with sunflower oil (high n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids), fish oil (high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids), or an oil mixture of a composition similar to that of the typical western diet. Feeding fat for 2 weeks markedly stimulated the ability of the isolated enterocytes to synthesize and secrete apolipoprotein B48, triacylglycerol, and cholesteryl ester (up to 18-, 50-, and 80-fold, respectively) in particles of chylomicron density. The magnitude of stimulation was sunflower oil > western diet lipid > fish oil. Single doses of lipid given 18 h prior to isolation of enterocytes stimulated chylomicron secretion by only 10% of that observed after 2 weeks of dietary supplementation. Enterocytes are replaced rapidly (half-life 1-2 days) by cells which move from the crypts to the tips of the villi, where absorption of nutrients takes place. Our observations suggest that dietary lipids modulate the function of enterocytes as they move from the crypts, so that the cells are 'turned-on' to lipid absorption. The results also show that diets of different fatty acid composition vary in their effects.  (+info)

Regulation of small intestinal Na-P(i) type IIb cotransporter by dietary phosphate intake. (4/903)

Dietary restriction of phosphate is a well-known stimulator (acting indirectly via vitamin D(3)) of small intestinal apical Na-P(i) cotransport. In the present study, we document by Western blots and immunohistochemistry that, in mice, a low-P(i) diet given for several days leads (in parallel to a stimulation of Na-P(i) cotransport) to an increase of the abundance of the type IIb Na-P(i) cotransporter in the brush-border membrane of mouse enterocytes. Similar results were also obtained by an injection of cholecalciferol. The abundance of the type IIb transcript was investigated by Northern blots. These results indicated that the amount of the type IIb transcript was not changed by either low-P(i) diet or cholecalciferol. It is concluded that stimulation of intestinal Na-P(i) cotransport by low-P(i) diet and vitamin D(3) can be explained by an increased amount of type IIb Na-P(i) cotransporters in the brush-border membrane and that augmentation of type IIb Na-P(i) cotransporters is not related to an increased rate of transcription of the type IIb gene.  (+info)

Identification of the major intestinal fatty acid transport protein. (5/903)

While intestinal transport systems for metabolites such as carbohydrates have been well characterized, the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid (FA) transport across the apical plasmalemma of enterocytes have remained largely unclear. Here, we show that FATP4, a member of a large family of FA transport proteins (FATPs), is expressed at high levels on the apical side of mature enterocytes in the small intestine. Further, overexpression of FATP4 in 293 cells facilitates uptake of long chain FAs with the same specificity as enterocytes, while reduction of FATP4 expression in primary enterocytes by antisense oligonucleotides inhibits FA uptake by 50%. This suggests that FATP4 is the principal fatty acid transporter in enterocytes and may constitute a novel target for antiobesity therapy.  (+info)

Binding of pili from uropathogenic Escherichia coli to membranes secreted by human colonocytes and enterocytes. (6/903)

PapG adhesins mediate the binding of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Although receptors for these adhesins have not been demonstrated in intestinal epithelia, the colonic microflora includes strains of uropathogenic E. coli. We now report that surfactant-like particles secreted by the human intestine contain receptors for PapG adhesins and may provide an intestinal habitat for uropathogenic bacteria.  (+info)

Up-regulation of glutathione S-transferase activity in enterocytes of young children. (7/903)

The relationship between age and busulfan apparent oral clearance (Cl/F) expressed relative to adjusted ideal body weight and body surface area (bsa) was evaluated in 135 children aged 0 to 16 years undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for various disorders. Busulfan plasma levels were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after the first daily dose of the 4-day dosing regimen. Cl/F expressed relative to adjusted ideal body weight (ml/min/kg) and bsa (ml/min/m(2)) was lower in 9- to 16-year-old (y.o.) compared with 0- to 4-y.o. children (49 and 30%; p<.001). We hypothesized that the greater busulfan Cl/F observed in young children was in part due to enhanced (first-pass intestinal) metabolism. Busulfan conjugation rate was compared in incubations with human small intestinal biopsy specimens from healthy young (1- to 3-y.o.) and older (9- to 17-y.o.) children. Villin content in biopsy specimens was determined by Western blot and busulfan conjugation rate was expressed relative to villin content to control for differences in epithelial cell content in pinch biopsies. Intestinal biopsy specimens from young children had a 77% higher busulfan conjugation rate (p =.037) compared with older children. We have previously shown that glutathione-S-transferase (GST) A1-1 is the major isoform involved in busulfan conjugation, and that this enzyme is expressed uniformly along the length of adult small intestine. Thus, the greater busulfan conjugation activity in intestinal biopsies of the young children was most likely due to enhanced GSTA1-1 expression. We conclude that age dependence in busulfan Cl/F appears to result at least in part from enhanced intestinal GSTA1-1 expression in young children.  (+info)

NOX, a novel nitric oxide scavenger, reduces bacterial translocation in rats after endotoxin challenge. (8/903)

Endotoxemia promotes gut barrier failure and bacterial translocation (BT) by upregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the gut. We hypothesized that administration of a dithiocarbamate derivative, NOX, which scavenges nitric oxide (NO), may reduce intestinal injury and BT after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive NOX or normal saline via subcutaneously placed osmotic pumps before or after LPS challenge. Mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and blood were cultured 24 h later. Transmucosal passage of Escherichia coli C-25 or fluorescent beads were measured in an Ussing chamber. Intestinal membranes were examined morphologically for apoptosis, iNOS expression, and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity. NOX significantly reduced the incidence of bacteremia, BT, and transmucosal passage of bacteria and beads when administered before or up to 12 h after LPS challenge. LPS induced enterocyte apoptosis at the villus tips where bacterial entry was demonstrated by confocal microscopy. NOX significantly decreased the number of apoptotic nuclei and nitrotyrosine residues. NOX prevents LPS-induced gut barrier failure by scavenging NO and its toxic derivative, peroxynitrite.  (+info)

Factors intervening in the variations of in vitro adhesion power of enterotoxinogenic colibacillus (ETEC) to human enterocytes]...Factors intervening in the variations of in vitro adhesion power of enterotoxinogenic colibacillus (ETEC) to human enterocytes]...
Human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli adhere to the brush border of human enterocytes. The mean number of bacteria adhering to one enterocyte (adhesion index) varied from 0.5 to 3.1 when the strains produce adhesins. Different factors related to enterocytes and to bacteria are involved in this variability. The number of bacteria which adhered to enterocytes issued from the same donor varied from from 0 to 12. Moreover the proportion of enterocytes on which several bacteria sticked did not exceed 20%. This variability might be due to the disparity in the maturation of the enterocytes. On the other hand, whatever the adhesion factors considered, the adhesion index varied according to the donors. ETEC strains did not express adhesion when bacteria were grown in a liquid medium but this capacity could be restored after transfer on solid medium. This phenomenon seemed like a phase-variation and appeared to be linked to a 4 to 6 kilobases (kb) plasmid. On the other hand, when the bacteria were grown on agar
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Factors-intervening-in-the-variations-of-in-vitro-Darfeuille-Michaud-Aubel/5a5828528bb703a4d3d74d781faf9fb66f100af4
CellNetworks - Niche appropriation by Drosophila intestinal stem cell tumours
Mutations that inhibit differentiation in stem cell lineages are a common early step in cancer development, but precisely how a loss of differentiation initiates tumorigenesis is unclear. We investigated Drosophila intestinal stem cell (ISC) tumours generated by suppressing Notch (N) signalling, which blocks differentiation. Notch-defective ISCs require stress-induced divisions for tumour initiation and an autocrine EGFR ligand, Spitz, during early tumour growth. On achieving a critical mass these tumours displace surrounding enterocytes, competing with them for basement membrane space and causing their detachment, extrusion and apoptosis. This loss of epithelial integrity induces JNK and Yki/YAP activity in enterocytes and, consequently, their expression of stress-dependent cytokines (Upd2, Upd3). These paracrine signals, normally used within the stem cell niche to trigger regeneration, propel tumour growth without the need for secondary mutations in growth signalling pathways. The ...
http://cellnetworks.uni-hd.de/808813/Niche_appropriation_by_Drosophila_intestinal_stem_cell_tumours
A transient niche regulates the specification of drosophila intestinal stem cells<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A transient niche regulates the specification of drosophila intestinal stem cells. AU - Mathur, Divya. AU - Bost, Alyssa. AU - Driver, Lan. AU - Ohlstein, Benjamin. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - Stem cell niches are locations where stem cells reside and self-renew. Although studies have shown how niches maintain stem cell fate during tissue homeostasis, less is known about their roles in establishing stem cells. The adult Drosophila midgut is maintained by intestinal stem cells (ISCs); however, how they are established is unknown. Here, we show that an ISC progenitor generates a niche cell via Notch signaling. This niche uses the bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 homolog, decapentaplegic, to allow progenitors to divide in an undifferentiated state and subsequently breaks down and dies, resulting in the specification of ISCs in the adult midgut. Our results demonstrate a paradigm for stem cell-niche biology, where progenitors generate transient niches that determine stem cell fate and ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-transient-niche-regulates-the-specification-of-drosophila-intes
Loss of myosin Vb promotes apical bulk endocytosis in neonatal enterocytes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Loss of myosin Vb promotes apical bulk endocytosis in neonatal enterocytes. AU - Engevik, Amy C.. AU - Kaji, Izumi. AU - Postema, Meagan M.. AU - Faust, James J.. AU - Meyer, Anne R.. AU - Williams, Janice A.. AU - Fitz, Gillian N.. AU - Tyska, Matthew J.. AU - Wilson, Jean M.. AU - Goldenring, James R.. PY - 2019/11/4. Y1 - 2019/11/4. N2 - In patients with inactivating mutations in myosin Vb (Myo5B), enterocytes show large inclusions lined by microvilli. The origin of inclusions in small-intestinal enterocytes in microvillus inclusion disease is currently unclear. We postulated that inclusions in Myo5b KO mouse enterocytes form through invagination of the apical brush border membrane. 70-kD FITC-dextran added apically to Myo5b KO intestinal explants accumulated in intracellular inclusions. Live imaging of Myo5b KO-derived enteroids confirmed the formation of inclusions from the apical membrane. Treatment of intestinal explants and enteroids with Dyngo resulted in accumulation of ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/loss-of-myosin-vb-promotes-apical-bulk-endocytosis-in-neonatal-en
p38b MAP kinasep38b MAP kinase
The integrity of the intestinal epithelium is crucial for the barrier function of the gut. Replenishment of the gut epithelium by intestinal stem cells contributes to gut homeostasis, but how the differentiated enterocytes are protected against stressors is less well understood. This study used the Drosophila larval hindgut as a model system in which damaged enterocytes are not replaced by stem cell descendants. By performing a thorough genetic analysis, it was demonstrates that a signalling complex consisting of p38b and MK2 forms a branch of SAPK signalling that is required in the larval hindgut to prevent stress-dependent damage to the enterocytes. Impaired p38b/MK2 signalling leads to apoptosis of the enterocytes and a subsequent loss of hindgut epithelial integrity, as manifested by the deterioration of the overlaying muscle layer. Damaged hindguts show increased JNK activity, and removing upstream activators of JNK suppresses the loss of hindgut homeostasis. Thus, the p38/MK2 complex ...
https://www.sdbonline.org/sites/fly/newgene/p38b-1.htm
p38a MAP kinasep38a MAP kinase
The integrity of the intestinal epithelium is crucial for the barrier function of the gut. Replenishment of the gut epithelium by intestinal stem cells contributes to gut homeostasis, but how the differentiated enterocytes are protected against stressors is less well understood. This study used the Drosophila larval hindgut as a model system in which damaged enterocytes are not replaced by stem cell descendants. By performing a thorough genetic analysis, it was demonstrates that a signalling complex consisting of p38b and MK2 forms a branch of SAPK signalling that is required in the larval hindgut to prevent stress-dependent damage to the enterocytes. Impaired p38b/MK2 signalling leads to apoptosis of the enterocytes and a subsequent loss of hindgut epithelial integrity, as manifested by the deterioration of the overlaying muscle layer. Damaged hindguts show increased JNK activity, and removing upstream activators of JNK suppresses the loss of hindgut homeostasis. Thus, the p38/MK2 complex ...
https://www.sdbonline.org/sites/FLY/genebrief/p38a.htm
Enterocyte proliferation and intracellular bacteria in animals. | GutEnterocyte proliferation and intracellular bacteria in animals. | Gut
If patients could recognise themselves, or anyone else could recognise a patient from your description, please obtain the patients written consent to publication and send them to the editorial office before submitting your response [Patient consent forms] ...
https://gut.bmj.com/content/35/10/1483.responses
Interleukin-6 Is an Important In Vivo Inhibitor of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Death in Mice | GutInterleukin-6 Is an Important In Vivo Inhibitor of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Death in Mice | Gut
Background & Aims: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a well-recognized mediator of liver disease and regeneration. However, the in vivo effects of IL-6 on enterocytes and the intestinal tract have not been elucidated. We sought to determine the in vivo effects of IL-6 on enterocytes.. Methods: Murine models of increased or absent IL-6 were examined.. Results: Systemic, high-dose IL-6 administration to mice over 7-10 days resulted in intestinal hyperplasia with a ~40% increase in small bowel mass and in intestinal villus height. No increase in crypt cell proliferation was noted. IL-6 administration was associated with induction of pSTAT3 in enterocytes along the lower and middle regions of villi but not in crypts. IL-6 administration was also associated with induction of anti-apoptotic proteins including pAKT, ref-1, and FLIP. along with decreased executor caspase activity and PARP cleavage. Pulse bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling demonstrated equivalent crypt cell proliferation rates but prolonged ...
http://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2009/02/03/gut.2008.151175
Enterocytes - Atlas of Human Anatomy - CentralxEnterocytes - Atlas of Human Anatomy - Centralx
Absorptive cells in the lining of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. They are differentiated EPITHELIAL CELLS with apical MICROVILLI facing the intestinal lumen. Enterocytes are more abundant in the SMALL INTESTINE than in the LARGE INTESTINE. Their microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cell by 14- to 40 fold.
http://atlas.centralx.com/p/image/enterocytes
Lipopolisakkarid enterositlerdeki ara baǧlanti proteini konneksin-43′ü etkileyerek hücreler arasi iletişimi bozmaktadir<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Lipopolisakkarid enterositlerdeki ara baǧlanti proteini konneksin-43′ü etkileyerek hücreler arasi iletişimi bozmaktadir. AU - Ergün, Orkan. AU - Qureshi, Faisal G.. AU - Baty, Catherine. AU - Li, Jun. AU - Ford, Henri R.. AU - Hackam, David J.. PY - 2005/12/1. Y1 - 2005/12/1. N2 - Aim: Communication between enterocytes is likely to be essential for the maintenance of gut barrier integrity. In many cells such as neurons, intercellular communication occurs through the gap junction (GJ) protein connexin-43 (Cx43), and phosphorylation ofCx43 (pCx43) disrupts GJ function. However, the in vivo effects of LPS on GJ expression and phosphorylation in enterocytes are undefined. We hypothesized that LPS modulates connexin-43 expression and phosphorylation in enterocytes in-vitro. Methods: Inter-enterocyte communication was measured by microinjecting intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) with lucifer-yellow (LY) and a larger molecule rhodamine-dextrane (Rd-D). The specificity of GJ ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/lipopolysaccharide-impairs-cell-to-cell-communication-by-affectin
Category:Enterocytes - Wikimedia CommonsCategory:Enterocytes - Wikimedia Commons
Enterocita (it); Entérocyte (fr); Enterozito (eu); Enterocito (ast); Энтероцит каёмчатый (ru); Enterozyt (de); Enterócito (pt); Enterocīts (lv); 腸黏膜細胞 (zh); 腸細胞 (ja); Enterocyt (sk); Enterocyt (pl); Ентероцит (uk); Enterocyt (nl); enterocyte (en); Enterocito (es); Enterocyt (sv); Enterosyytti (fi); Enterocito (gl); خلية معوية (ar); Enterocyt (cs); Enteròcit (ca) type of cell (en); komórka nabłonkowa jelit (pl); Zelle des Darmepithels (de) Celula intestinal, Célula intestinal (es); Enterocyte, Entérocytes (fr); Enterocyty (pl); Ентероцити (uk); Энтероцит каемчатый (ru); Saumzelle (de); Enterócitos (pt); enterocytes, gut enterocytes, gut enterocyte (en); 腸上皮細胞, 腸細胞 (zh ...
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Enterocytes
How intestinal cells renew themselves - the role of Klumpfuss in cell differentiationHow intestinal cells renew themselves - the role of Klumpfuss in cell differentiation
With its stem cells, the intestine is able to regenerate itself continuously and to ensure the function and integrity of the tissue during the lifespan of an organism, says Dr. Jerome Korzelius, first author of the study published in Nature Communications.. Asymmetric cell division of intestinal stem cells. Asymmetric division of ISCs is crucial for the process of cell renewal. An ISC renews by dividing into another stem cell and an enteroblast (EB) daughter cell. This daughter cell can then differentiate into two different types of differentiated cells depending on signaling cues: absorptive enterocytes (EC), cells that take up nutrients and are responsible for immune defense or enteroendocrine cells (EE) that produce gastrointestinal hormones. Recent work has shown that lineage choice in these EB daughter cells is likely more complex than previously thought.. Transcription factor Klumpfuss as regulator. The researchers discovered that the transcription factor Klumpfuss (Klu), which is related ...
https://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/how-intestinal-cells-renew-themselves-the-role-of-klumpfuss-in-cell-differentiation.html
SearchSearch
DiVA - Search resultDiVA - Search result
Surface active compounds present in food possibly have the ability to enhance the absorption of water soluble toxic agents. Therefore, we investigated whether fatty acids such as oleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both commonly present in food, negatively affect the integrity of tight junctions (TJ) in the intestinal epithelium and thereby increase the absorption of poorly absorbed hydrophilic substances. Caco-2 cells, which are derived from human absorptive enterocytes, were grown on permeable filters for 20-25 days. Differentiated cell monolayers were apically exposed for 90min to mannitol in emulsions of oleic acid (5, 15 or 30mM) or DHA (5, 15 or 30mM) in an experimental medium with or without Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). Absorption of (14)C-mannitol increased and trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) decreased in cell monolayers exposed to oleic acid and DHA, compared to controls. Cytotoxicity, measured as leakage of LDH, was higher in groups exposed to 30mM oleic acid and all ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/resultList.jsf?af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22organisationId%22%3A%221369%22%7D%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&language=en&query=
DiVA - Search resultDiVA - Search result
Surface active compounds present in food possibly have the ability to enhance the absorption of water soluble toxic agents. Therefore, we investigated whether fatty acids such as oleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both commonly present in food, negatively affect the integrity of tight junctions (TJ) in the intestinal epithelium and thereby increase the absorption of poorly absorbed hydrophilic substances. Caco-2 cells, which are derived from human absorptive enterocytes, were grown on permeable filters for 20-25 days. Differentiated cell monolayers were apically exposed for 90min to mannitol in emulsions of oleic acid (5, 15 or 30mM) or DHA (5, 15 or 30mM) in an experimental medium with or without Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). Absorption of (14)C-mannitol increased and trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) decreased in cell monolayers exposed to oleic acid and DHA, compared to controls. Cytotoxicity, measured as leakage of LDH, was higher in groups exposed to 30mM oleic acid and all ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/resultList.jsf?af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22organisationId%22%3A%221163%22%7D%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&language=en&query=
AutophagyAutophagy
Recent studies show that despite divergent qualities, both of these populations of intestinal stem cells display a substantial amount of plasticity between them. To help expand enhance Carboplatin reversible enzyme inhibition the versatile functions of intestinal crypt cells in maintaining epithelial homeostasis, Tetteh recently reported that the enterocyte precursors have the ability to dedifferentiate into stem cells upon the ablation of the expressing aISCs (2). They showed that the enterocyte differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase intestinal (precursor cells as a unique population within the TA zone that is distinct from aISCs or secretory precursors. This further warranted the use of as a proxy to generate enterocyte progenitor lineage tracing mice. Lineage tracing using an inducible cells originating from the upper part of the crypts. The lineage cells were entirely composed of absorptive precursors and enterocytes, and did not include secretory cells, such as goblet, enteroendocrine, ...
http://www.antibodyassay.com/index.php/category/autophagy/
Search Articles | University of Toronto Libraries
Two peptides from soybean β-conglycinin, i.e., YVVNPDNDEN (peptide 2) and YVVNPDNNEN (peptide 3), are known to be absorbed by human enterocytes. The former is ...
https://query.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/search/q?kw=SubjectTerms:LINE%20HEPG2
Nutrient uptake by rat enterocytes during diabetes mellitus; evidence for an increased sodium electrochemical gradient. -...Nutrient uptake by rat enterocytes during diabetes mellitus; evidence for an increased sodium electrochemical gradient. -...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3411516?dopt=Abstract
Supplementary MaterialsTable 1 - Suppression of KRas-mutant cancer through the combined inhibition of KRASSupplementary MaterialsTable 1 - Suppression of KRas-mutant cancer through the combined inhibition of KRAS
Supplementary MaterialsTable_1. the gastrointestinal environment and resisted a broad pH Rabbit Polyclonal to CCRL1 range and enzymatic proteolysis. After binding to Caco-2 cells it marketed changes in surface area morphology and a rise in membrane roughness. It had been also cytotoxic to both epithelial and immune system cells through the digestive tract of mammals. It induced enterocyte loss of life with a lytic system and disrupted enterocyte Entinostat cell signaling monolayers within a dose-dependent way. Further, after dental administration to mice PmPV2 mounted on enterocytes and induced huge dose-dependent morphological adjustments on their little intestine mucosa, reducing the absorptive surface area. Additionally, PmPV2 was discovered in the Peyers areas where it turned on lymphoid follicles and brought about apoptosis. We provide evidence the fact that toxin can traverse the intestinal hurdle and induce dental adaptive immunity with proof circulating antibody response. All together, ...
https://complextraitgenomics.com/%EF%BB%BFsupplementary-materialstable_1-2/
Molecular and Physical Mechanisms of First-Pass Extraction | Drug Metabolism & DispositionMolecular and Physical Mechanisms of First-Pass Extraction | Drug Metabolism & Disposition
This is a report of a symposium held at the March 1997 meeting of the American Society for Pharmacology and Therapeutics in San Diego. Our understanding of the events that control first-pass drug elimination in humans has increased tremendously by two sequential discoveries. First, cytochrome P-450s 3A4 and 5 are expressed at high concentrations in both hepatocytes and upper intestinal enterocytes, and therefore limit the systemic availability of many drugs. Second, P-glycoprotein is expressed at the lumenal surface of the intestinal epithelium and therefore also acts to oppose the absorption of unchanged drug. The following discussion brings together our current understandings of these interrelated phenomena to aid a more complete picture of how they may contribute both qualitatively and quantitatively to first-pass elimination.. ...
http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/27/2/161?ijkey=c2d34c14b5f9410af7f034182a012a761f1cb2fd&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
The enterocyte height and number in children with protracted diarrhoeaThe enterocyte height and number in children with protracted diarrhoea
Bhan, M.K.; Khoshoo, V.; Phillips, A.D.; Smith, J.A.W.; Mathur, M., 1988: The enterocyte height and number in children with protracted diarrhoea
https://eurekamag.com/research/002/249/002249875.php
Lysosomes in neonatal enterocytes and their pathologies - Northwestern Scholars
mutant generation, as well as with viral transfection of cultured enteroids, how many enterocytes, and at what postnatal stages, require endolysosomal functioning to sustain a healthy intestinal function. In order to translate these findings to humans, where the onset of weaning is not clearly defined as it is in rodents and even the existence of suckling-style enterocytes is largely ignored, we will also establish the postnatal period when human enterocytes display a specialized endolysosomal system. We will finally obtain, examine and culture human intestinal biopsies to test the novel hypothesis that endolysosomal abnormalities underlie neonatal intestinal pathologies such as pediatric malabsorption syndromes and necrotizing enterocolitis. These studies may lead to a fundamental change in the understanding of neonatal intestinal pathologies, leading causes of infant mortality worldwide ...
https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/projects/lysosomes-in-neonatal-enterocytes-and-their-pathologies-4
KAKEN - Research Projects | Differentiation of immature enterocytes into enteroendocrine cells by Pdx-1 overexpression. ...KAKEN - Research Projects | Differentiation of immature enterocytes into enteroendocrine cells by Pdx-1 overexpression. ...
Principal Investigator：FUJIMIYA Mineko, Project Period (FY)：2001 - 2002, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Section：一般, Research Field：General anatomy (including Histology/Embryology)
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13670010/
Pink1 and Parkin regulate Drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation during stress and aging | JCBPink1 and Parkin regulate Drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation during stress and aging | JCB
To determine whether genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics (fission, fusion, movement, and turnover) play a role in ISC function, we used the ISC/EB-specific, RU486-inducible 5961-Gal4GeneSwitch (5961GS) driver to direct expression of UAS-RNAi lines in ISCs/EBs in the adult midgut (see Materials and methods for specific RNAi lines tested). Use of the drug-inducible system permits comparison of genetically identical individuals that are either expressing (+RU486) or not expressing (EtOH/−RU486) the transgene of interest. Overexpression of srl led to a decrease in intestinal dysplasia, as previously reported (Rera et al., 2011). However, in contrast to our expectations, RNAi-mediated depletion of Pink1 or Parkin resulted in a drastic improvement in intestinal homeostasis in aged flies. Manipulation of other factors tested had no significant effect on ISC maintenance or tissue homeostasis during the time points assayed (10, 30, and 50 d post-eclosion).. Mutations in the ...
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/216/8/2315.full
JCI - Toll-like receptor 4-mediated lymphocyte influx induces neonatal necrotizing enterocolitisJCI - Toll-like receptor 4-mediated lymphocyte influx induces neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
mice were protected from NEC and transfer of intestinal lymphocytes from NEC mice into naive mice induced intestinal inflammation. The intestinal expression of the lipopolysaccharide receptor TLR4, which is higher in the premature compared with full-term human and mouse intestine, is required for lymphocyte influx through TLR4-mediated upregulation of CCR9/CCL25 signaling. TLR4 also mediates a STAT3-dependent polarization toward increased proinflammatory CD3+CD4+IL-17+ and reduced tolerogenic Foxp3+ Treg lymphocytes (Tregs). Th17 lymphocytes were required for NEC development, as inhibition of STAT3 or IL-17 receptor signaling attenuated NEC in mice, while IL-17 release impaired enterocyte tight junctions, increased enterocyte apoptosis, and reduced enterocyte proliferation, leading to NEC. Importantly, TLR4-dependent Th17 polarization could be reversed by the enteral administration of retinoic acid, which induced Tregs and decreased NEC severity. These findings identify an important role for ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/83356/table/1
Plus itPlus it
The method of EDTA-mediated elution of human enterocytes, applied in these studies to the human small intestine for the first time, offers advantages over mechanical scraping of the mucosa (Paine et al., 1997); villous and crypt cells can be separated for investigation individually and the more gentle nature of the isolation procedure is less likely to damage the cells. Human and rat (Fasco et al., 1993) villous enterocytes exhibited similar susceptibility to release and elution from the small intestine by EDTA. However, in contrast to the rat small intestine where 1.5 mM EDTA effectively removes crypt cells after an extended period of incubation, 5.0 mM EDTA only removed up to 10% of crypt cells from human small intestine after a similar incubation period. A separation of human villous and crypt cells can thus be achieved by first eluting the villous cells with EDTA and then releasing the residual crypt cells mechanically by scraping.. The current studies support the well established ...
http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/27/7/804
Análisis morfométrico de intestino delgado de ratones BALB/c en modelos desarrollados para el estudio de alergia alimentariaAnálisis morfométrico de intestino delgado de ratones BALB/c en modelos desarrollados para el estudio de alergia alimentaria
CP: Paneth cell.. Introduction. Allergy is essentially an inflammatory illness and the most common clinic manifestations linked to food allergy are skin related, mainly atopic eczema, and gastrointestinal mediated or not by IgE.1 Food allergy is characterized by a response of the immune system, mainly present in the gastrointestinal mucosa, to antigens orally ingested. Most of food allergens are low molecular weight proteins, ranging from 10 to 70 kDa, being the majority hydrosoluble and heat-resistant.2. At the same time that enterocytes are responsible for nutrients absorption, in the mucosa of the small intestine occurs most of the contact with antigenic materials in the gastrointestinal tract.3 Several defense mechanisms give to the gastrointestinal mucosa a complex structure that functions by using physiological and cellular factors to prevent antigens penetration. Its physical barrier is composed of enterocytes connected by junctional complex constituted by occlusive, adherence and ...
http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0212-16112013000300041
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract includes a diverse group of physiological features, - Small molecule epigenetic inhibitors...The gastrointestinal (GI) tract includes a diverse group of physiological features, - Small molecule epigenetic inhibitors...
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract includes a diverse group of physiological features, including peristalsis, immune system protection, and nutrient absorptions. applications. We could actually identify many ground-breaking discoveries inside our review, while even more work is required to promote the scientific translation of gut bioengineering. solid course=kwd-title Keywords: Gut bioengineering, stem cells, organoids, gut fix, pharmaceutical research, laboratory on the chip Introduction Features from the gastrointestinal (GI) system mainly include meals digestive function PF-562271 ic50 and absorption of nutrition for support of day to day activities. These features are mediated with a diverse group of cells in different layers of the GI wall. The GI wall consists of mucous, submucous, muscular, and serosal layers.1,2 In the small intestine, for example, the mucous coating contains absorptive enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, Paneth cells, stem cells, PF-562271 ic50 ...
https://og-l002.com/the-gastrointestinal-gi-tract-includes-a-diverse-group-of-physiological-features/
COVID-19: Pathophysiology - Merck Manuals Professional EditionCOVID-19: Pathophysiology - Merck Manuals Professional Edition
SARS-CoV-2 Host Cell Receptor. The surface of SARS-CoV-2 virus is covered by a large number of spike proteins, which are essential for the virus to gain entry into host cells. Each spike protein consists of two subunits, S1 and S2. The S1 subunit at the tip of the spike contains the receptor-binding domain (RBD) that binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the host cell receptor, while the S2 subunit, located on the stalk of the spike, mediates virus-host cell membrane fusion that is necessary for viral entry (1). For membrane fusion to occur, the S1 and S2 subunits must be cleaved open by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2-1).. ACE2, first identified in 2000, is an enzyme attached to the surface of host cells and is the entry point for SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 is widely distributed throughout the body, being abundantly expressed on nasal epithelial cells, lung alveolar epithelial cells, and small intestinal enterocytes. ACE2 is also expressed in endothelium of vascular beds in organs ...
https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/resourcespages/covid-19-pathophysiology
enterocytes - Humpath.com - Human pathology
Adj. enterocytic Definition : Intestinal absorptive cells. Pathology enterocytic anomalies enterocytic diseases See also cells (...)
http://www.humpath.com/spip.php?article5612
Altered disposition of acetaminophen in mice with a disruption of the Mrp3 geneAltered disposition of acetaminophen in mice with a disruption of the Mrp3 gene
MRP3 is an ABC transporter localized in the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells such as hepatocytes and enterocytes. In this study, the role of Mrp3 in drug disposition was investigated. Because Mrp3 preferentially transports glucuronide conjugates, we investigated the in vivo disposition of ac …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16250050/?dopt=Abstract
Slides 29 38Slides 29 38
Secretion and Regulation of ApoB48 by Primary Hamster Intestinal EnterocytesIntestinal Enterocytes B C LabeledApoB48(%control) LabeledApoB48(%control) 0 20 40 …
https://www.slideshare.net/SHAPE_Society/slides-29-38
Bacterial translocation in cultured enterocytes: Magnitude, specificity, and electron microscopic observations of endocytosis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Bacterial translocation in cultured enterocytes. T2 - Magnitude, specificity, and electron microscopic observations of endocytosis. AU - Wells, Carol L. AU - Jechorek, Robert P.. AU - Olmsted, Stephen B.. AU - Erlandsen, Stanley L.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1994/6. Y1 - 1994/6. N2 - Previous in vivo evidence has shown that bacterial phagocytosis by enterocytes may be an initial step in bacterial translocation across the intestinal epithelium. This study analyzed the interactions of cultured enterocytes, namely Caco-2 cells, with nine strains of enteric bacteria, tested in pure culture and in mixed culture. These nine strains had a spectrum of invasive potential and included Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes (three strains), Escherichia coli (three strains), Proteus mirabilis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Numbers of viable intracellular bacteria recovered from Caco-2 cells were: L. monocytogenes,S. typhimurium,P. ...
https://minnesota-staging.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/bacterial-translocation-in-cultured-enterocytes-magnitude-specifi
Rotavirus - microbewiki
The rotavirus has infected people worldwide, causing 600,000-850,000 deaths each year. Various seroprevalence studies have shown that antibodies are present in most infants by the age of 3. In the US, there are 20-40 deaths and about 50,000 people are hospitalized each year because of rotavirus infection. The affected host cells are mature enterocytes lining the middle and upper end of the intestinal villi. Hepatocytes are also infected in laboratory animals. It is thought that the intermediate sub-viral particle (ISVP) is the infectious particle. The viral attachment protein is probably exposed after protease digestion in the GI tract and removes some or all of the outer capsid VP4. Large amounts of viral particles are shed in diarrheal stools. Histopathology of infected intestines shows villous atrophy and blunting because of the death of the mature enterocytes and infiltration of lamina propria with mononuclear cells. There is subsequently a repopulation of the villous tips with immature ...
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Rotavirus
Enterocytes - Suggestions for enterocytes by The Free Dictionary.Enterocytes - Suggestions for enterocytes by The Free Dictionary.
Suggestions for enterocytes in the Online Dictionary. Information about spelling of enterocytes in the Spelling Center of the Free Online English dictionary and encyclopedia
http://www.spellingcenter.com/enterocytes
Cytokeratin 20 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [A3D12] (EM1901-96) - HUABIOCytokeratin 20 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [A3D12] (EM1901-96) - HUABIO
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. This cytokeratin is a major cellular protein of mature enterocytes and goblet cells and is specifically expressed in the gastric and intestinal mucosa. Keratin 20 is a type I cytokeratin. It is a major cellular protein of mature enterocytes and goblet cells and is specifically found in the gastric and intestinal mucosa. In immunohistochemistry, antibodies to CK20 can be used to identify a range of adenocarcinoma arising from epithelia that normally contain the CK20 protein. For example, the protein is commonly found in colorectal cancer, transitional cell carcinomas and in Merkel cell carcinoma, but is absent in lung cancer, prostate cancer, and non-mucinous ...
https://www.huabio.com/products/cytokeratin-20-antibody-clone-a3d12-monoclonal-em1901-96
The Molecular Pathogenesis of Giardiasis : Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionThe Molecular Pathogenesis of Giardiasis : Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Whatever the mechanism by which Giardia damages villus epithelial cells and presumably produces increased epithelial cell loss, there would appear to be a predictable crypt cell response with an increase in crypt depth and crypt cell proliferation. In other conditions in which this response occurs, such as coeliac disease, there is repopulation of the villus by relatively immature enterocytes with reduced absorptive capacity. Increased intestinal proliferation has been confirmed in the gerbil model of giardiasis (56), but using thymidine kinase activity as a marker of maturity, there is no evidence in the jejunum or ileum that the cells repopulating the villous are less mature than those in controls. From these data, it seems likely that the structural and functional abnormalities observed in the microvillus membrane relate to direct injury rather than to a secondary mechanism increasing crypt cell production.. Work in our laboratory has shown, however, that Giardia can directly stimulate the ...
http://journals.lww.com/jpgn/Fulltext/1997/01000/The_Molecular_Pathogenesis_of_Giardiasis.18.aspx
Differentiation environment so as to provide enterocyte-like monolayer with barrier functions | FGFR/VEGFR inhibitor...
Differentiation environment so as to provide enterocyte-like monolayer with barrier functions, thus physiologically mimicking the human intestinal epithelium.
http://www.vegfrinhibitor.com/2017/08/18/differentiation-environment-so-as-to-provide-enterocyte-like-monolayer-with-barrier-functions/
The Electron Microscopy of Human Intestinal Epithelium Obtained with the Crosby Intestinal Biopsy Capsule | Journal of Cell...The Electron Microscopy of Human Intestinal Epithelium Obtained with the Crosby Intestinal Biopsy Capsule | Journal of Cell...
Richard E. Hartman, Robert B. W. Smith, Roberta S. Hartman, Charles E. Butterworth, Jack M. Molesworth; The Electron Microscopy of Human Intestinal Epithelium Obtained with the Crosby Intestinal Biopsy Capsule . J Biophys and Biochem Cytol 25 January 1959; 5 (1): 171-172. doi: https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.5.1.171. Download citation file:. ...
https://rupress.org/jcb/article/5/1/171/418/The-Electron-Microscopy-of-Human-Intestinal
Faculty
Narayan RJ, Boehm RD, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Cell and Protein Interactions with Diamond. In Handbook of Clinical Medicine-Law, Business, Regulation, Safety and Risk, (Eds. Bawa R, Audette G, Reese BE), Vol.11, Section III-Health, Safety, Risk and Biological Interactions, Pan Stafford Publishing, Singapore, Chapter 33, pp.809-822, 2016. Monteiro-Riviere NA. Safety of Nanoparticle Skin Penetration. In Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers-Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement-Nanocarriers Series(Eds. Dragicevic N and Maibach HI), Springer-Verlag Publishers, Heidelberg, Germany, Vol. 2, Chapter 24, pp. 363-376, 2016. Ortega MT, Jeffery B, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Toxicological effect of pet food ingredients on canine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and enterocyte-like cells. Journal Applied Toxicology 36 (2): 189-198, 2016. Lin Z, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Kannan R, Riviere JE. A computational framework for interspecies pharmacokinetics, exposure and toxicity assessment of gold ...
https://www.vet.k-state.edu/academics/anatomy-physiology/faculty-staff/faculty/monteiro-riviere/
Molecular cloning of a 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-inducible transcript (DDVit 1) in human blood monocytes - University of...Molecular cloning of a 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-inducible transcript (DDVit 1) in human blood monocytes - University of...
The differentiation and activation of monocytes (MO) and monocytic cells is modulated by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Vitamin D3). In order to investigate early effects on the differentiation process of MO, we used the mRNA Differential Display technology to identify genes that are induced in freshly isolated human blood MO cultured for 4 hours with Vitamin D3. A cDNA fragment was isolated and Northern analysis confirmed a low expression of this cDNA at about 1,4 kb in MO which was increased by the addition of Vitamin D3. Using the rapid amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE)-PCR we got a transcript (DDVit 1) of a length of 1251 bp containing an open reading frame that encodes a putative 16,5 kD protein. Database search revealed an identity with a possible enterocyte differentiation promoting factor with a length of 1177 bp that has not been further characterized. Therefore DDVit 1 may be a differentiation promoting factor for the monocytic lineage. Further investigations will clarify the role of ...
https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/14314/
ಇಂಗಾಲದ ನ್ಯಾನೊಟ್ಯೂಬ್‌‌ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಇಂಗಾಲದ ನ್ಯಾನೊಟ್ಯೂಬ್‌‌ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ
2006ರ ಕಾರ್ಬನ್‌ ನಿಯತಕಾಲಿಕೆಯ ಸಂಪಾದಕೀಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾರ್ಕ್‌ ಮೊಂಥಿಯೊಕ್ಸ್‌ ಮತ್ತು ವ್ಲಾಡಿಮಿರ್‌ ಕುಜ್ನೆತ್ಸೊವ್‌ ಎಂಬಿಬ್ಬರು, ಇಂಗಾಲದ ನ್ಯಾನೊಟ್ಯೂಬ್‌‌ನ ಕುತೂಹಲಕರ ಮತ್ತು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಬಾರಿ ತಪ್ಪಾಗಿ ಗ್ರಹಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿರುವ ಮೂಲದ ಕುರಿತು ವಿವರಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. 1991ರಲ್ಲಿ NECನ ಸುಮಿಯೊ ಈಜಿಮಾರವರು ಗ್ರಾಫೈಟಿಕ್‌ ಇಂಗಾಲದಿಂದ ರಚಿಸಿದ ನ್ಯಾನೊಮೀಟರ್-ಅಳತೆಯ ಟೊಳ್ಳಾದ ನ್ಯಾನೊಟ್ಯೂಬ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಆವಿಷ್ಕರಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಎಂದು ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಶೈಕ್ಷಣಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ...
https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C
Glutamine attenuates the inhibitory effect of methotrexate on TLR signaling during intestinal chemotherapy-induced mucositis in...Glutamine attenuates the inhibitory effect of methotrexate on TLR signaling during intestinal chemotherapy-induced mucositis in...
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is crucial in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis, participates in a vigorous signaling process and heightens inflammatory cytokine output. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of glutamine (GLN) on TLR-4 signaling in intestinal mucosa during methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis in a rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups of 8 rats each: 1) control rats; 2) CONTR-GLN animals were treated with oral glutamine given in drinking water (2%) 48 hours before and 72 hours following vehicle injection; 3) MTX-rats were treated with a single IP injection of MTX (20 mg/kg); and 4) MTX-GLN rats were pre-treated with oral glutamine similar to group B, 48 hours before and 72 hours after MTX injection. Intestinal mucosal damage, mucosal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation and enterocyte apoptosis were determined 72 hours following MTX injection. The expression of TLR-4, MyD88 and TRAF6 in the intestinal
https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-7075-11-17/figures/2
Glutamine attenuates the inhibitory effect of methotrexate on TLR signaling during intestinal chemotherapy-induced mucositis in...Glutamine attenuates the inhibitory effect of methotrexate on TLR signaling during intestinal chemotherapy-induced mucositis in...
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is crucial in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis, participates in a vigorous signaling process and heightens inflammatory cytokine output. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of glutamine (GLN) on TLR-4 signaling in intestinal mucosa during methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis in a rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups of 8 rats each: 1) control rats; 2) CONTR-GLN animals were treated with oral glutamine given in drinking water (2%) 48 hours before and 72 hours following vehicle injection; 3) MTX-rats were treated with a single IP injection of MTX (20 mg/kg); and 4) MTX-GLN rats were pre-treated with oral glutamine similar to group B, 48 hours before and 72 hours after MTX injection. Intestinal mucosal damage, mucosal structural changes, enterocyte proliferation and enterocyte apoptosis were determined 72 hours following MTX injection. The expression of TLR-4, MyD88 and TRAF6 in the intestinal
https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-7075-11-17
The human proteome in duodenum - The Human Protein AtlasThe human proteome in duodenum - The Human Protein Atlas
The most proximal and widest part of the small intestine is the duodenum. It starts at the pylorus of the stomach, ends at the duodenojejunal junction and measures about 25 cm long. It receives partly digested food (chyme) from the stomach and bile and pancreatic fluids from the pancreaticobiliary duct. After entering the duodenum the acidic contents from the stomach is neutralized by secretion from the intestine and pancreas. Enzymes secreted from the pancreas starts the degradation of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins to enable absorption. As in all of the small intestine, the mucosa forms finger-like projections called villi that extend into the intestinal lumen. These are epithelial folds lined by two types of cells, enterocytes and goblet cells. Enterocytes are simple columnar cells with basal elongated nuclei and an apical brush border. The brush border is the microscopic representation of small protrusions of the cell membrane, microvilli, which greatly increase the surface area of the ...
http://v16.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/duodenum
The human proteome in duodenum - The Human Protein AtlasThe human proteome in duodenum - The Human Protein Atlas
The most proximal and widest part of the small intestine is the duodenum. It starts at the pylorus of the stomach, ends at the duodenojejunal junction and measures about 25 cm long. It receives partly digested food (chyme) from the stomach and bile and pancreatic fluids from the pancreaticobiliary duct. After entering the duodenum the acidic contents from the stomach is neutralized by secretion from the intestine and pancreas. Enzymes secreted from the pancreas starts the degradation of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins to enable absorption. As in all of the small intestine, the mucosa forms finger-like projections called villi that extend into the intestinal lumen. These are epithelial folds lined by two types of cells, enterocytes and goblet cells. Enterocytes are simple columnar cells with basal elongated nuclei and an apical brush border. The brush border is the microscopic representation of small protrusions of the cell membrane, microvilli, which greatly increase the surface area of the ...
http://v15.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/duodenum
Dictionary - Normal: Duodenum - The Human Protein AtlasDictionary - Normal: Duodenum - The Human Protein Atlas
The most proximal and widest part of the small intestine is the duodenum. It starts at the pylorus of the stomach, ends at the duodenojejunal junction and measures about 25 cm long. It receives partly digested food (chyme) from the stomach and bile and pancreatic fluids from the pancreaticobiliary duct. After entering the duodenum the acidic contents from the stomach is neutralized by secretion from the intestine and pancreas. Enzymes secreted from the pancreas starts the degradation of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins to enable absorption. As in all of the small intestine, the mucosa forms fingerlike projections called villi.. that extend into the intestinal lumen. These are epithelial folds lined by two types of cells, enterocytes and goblet cells. Enterocytes are simple columnar cells with basal elongated nuclei and an apical brush border. The brush border is the microscopic representation of small protrusions of the cell membrane, microvilli, which greatly increase the surface area of the ...
http://v16.proteinatlas.org/learn/dictionary/normal/duodenum
Congenital Microvillous Atrophy, Report of Two Consecutive Siblings with Complete Histologic, Immunohistochemical and Detailed...Congenital Microvillous Atrophy, Report of Two Consecutive Siblings with Complete Histologic, Immunohistochemical and Detailed...
1. Introduction. Microvillous inclusion disease (MVD) or microvillous atrophy disorder is a congenital disorder of the small intestinal epithelial cells that presents with persistent and severe diarrhea and it is characterized by enterocyte abnormalities [1] . The diarrhea starts in the first 72 hours of life (early onset form) or in 6 to 8 weeks after birth (late onset) [2] . This inheritance of MVD appears to be autosomal recessive, based on cases occurring in siblings and high incidence of consanguinity [3] . Molecular studies demonstrate mutation of the MYO5B that encoded for myosin 5b has a role in pathogenesis of the MVD [4] . Diagnosis is often delayed because of difficulties in taking a small bowl biopsy specimen in the neonatal period. Light microscopy shows enteropathy, and severe atrophy of the enterocytes brush borders, with instead of, accumulation of Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and CD10 positive granules at the apical pole of immature enterocytes [1] . Transmission electron ...
https://file.scirp.org/Html/7-1940122_45221.htm
Hypoxia and lineage specification of cell line-derived colorectal cancer stem cells. - Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences
Hypoxia is an important regulator of normal and cancer stem cell (CSC) differentiation. Colorectal CSCs from SW1222, LS180, and CCK81 colorectal cancer-derived cell lines are able to differentiate into complex 3D lumen-containing structures in normoxia, whereas in hypoxia, they form undifferentiated dense colonies that have reduced expression of the enterocyte differentiation marker CDX1, lack goblet cell formation, and have increased expression of BMI1 and activated Notch1. Hypoxia increases the clonogenicity of CSCs, which is cumulative as each round of hypoxia enriches for more CSCs. The hypoxic phenotype is reversible, because cells from hypoxic-dense colonies are able to reform differentiated structures when regrown in normoxia. We show that CDX1 is able to stimulate the generation of lumens even in hypoxia and has a negative feedback on BMI1 expression. Knockdown of CDX1 reduces lumen formation but does not affect goblet cell formation, suggesting that enterocytes and goblet cells form from
https://www.nds.ox.ac.uk/publications/179108
CDX1 - wikidocCDX1 - wikidoc
This gene is a member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor family. The encoded DNA-binding protein regulates intestine-specific gene expression and enterocyte differentiation. It has been shown to induce expression of the intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene, and inhibit beta-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity.[2] CDX1 has also been shown to play an important role in embryonic epicardial development. It has been demonstrated that CDX proteins suppress cardiac differentiation in both zebrafish and mouse embryonic stem cells, but the overall mechanism for how this happens is poorly understood.[5] However, CDX1 has been shown to be transiently expressed in the embryonic heart 11.5 days post coitum (dpc). This transient expression is thought to induce epicardial epithelial-to-mesynchemal transition and thus proper cardiovascular formation. It has been shown that low-dose CDX1 induction caused enhanced migration and differentiation of epicardium-derived cells into vascular ...
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=CDX1&oldid=1420493
Rab11a regulates syntaxin 3 localization and microvillus assembly in enterocytes | Journal of Cell ScienceRab11a regulates syntaxin 3 localization and microvillus assembly in enterocytes | Journal of Cell Science
The plasma membrane recycling system is crucial for both the establishment and the maintenance of apical polarity in epithelial cells. Knocking down Rab11a in MDCK cells disrupts the initial formation of the apical surface (Bryant et al., 2010). Similarly, knockdown of MYO5B alters the establishment of apical lumens in MDCK cells (Roland et al., 2011). In this study, we demonstrate that Rab11a contributes to the maintenance of normal apical polarity in enterocytes. In Rab11aΔIEC duodenum samples and CaCo2‐BBE Rab11a‐KD cells, apically trafficked proteins were mislocalized, microvilli length was reduced and microvilli were aberrantly present on the basolateral membrane. While this work was in revision, another group also published information on a similar intestine‐targeted Rab11a‐knockout mouse model (Sobajima et al., 2015). Many of the aspects of the effects of Rab11a loss in this mouse were similar to those that we have observed including short microvilli and expansion of the ...
https://jcs.biologists.org/content/128/8/1617
The human sucrase-isomaltase gene directs complex patterns of gene ex by A J. Markowitz, G D. Wu et al.The human sucrase-isomaltase gene directs complex patterns of gene ex by A J. Markowitz, G D. Wu et al.
Sucrase-isomaltase (SI) is an enterocyte-specific gene that is expressed in complex developmental and spatial patterns. In this study, we examine the ability of regulatory elements within the human SI (hSI) gene to direct appropriate cell lineage and spatial patterns of expression in transgenic mice. Transgenic mouse lines were established using a construct containing bases -3424 to +54 of the hSI gene linked to the human growth hormone (hGH) structural gene. In each transgenic line, hGH mRNA and protein were expressed only in the small intestine and colon. In contrast to the endogenous mouse SI (mSI) gene, which was expressed along the entire length of the small intestine, hGH mRNA expression was predominantly found in the distal jejunum and ileum, with very low levels in more proximal portions of the small intestine. However, the pattern of transgene expression along the small intestinal crypt-villus axis was identical to the pattern of the endogenous mSI gene. These results suggest that
https://mouseion.jax.org/stfb1990_1999/453/
ZC3H4 restricts non-coding transcription in human cells | eLifeZC3H4 restricts non-coding transcription in human cells | eLife
Age-related changes to histone levels are seen in many species. However, it is unclear whether changes to histone expression could be exploited to ameliorate the effects of ageing in multicellular organisms. Here we show that inhibition of mTORC1 by the lifespan-extending drug rapamycin increases expression of histones H3 and H4 post-transcriptionally, through eIF3-mediated translation. Elevated expression of H3/H4 in intestinal enterocytes in Drosophila alters chromatin organization, induces intestinal autophagy through transcriptional regulation, prevents age-related decline in the intestine. Importantly, it also mediates rapamycin-induced longevity and intestinal health. Histones H3/H4 regulate expression of an autophagy cargo adaptor Bchs (WDFY3 in mammals), increased expression of which in enterocytes mediates increased H3/H4-dependent healthy longevity. In mice, rapamycin treatment increases expression of histone proteins and Wdfy3 transcription, and alters chromatin organisation in the ...
https://elifesciences.org/articles/67305
OPUS 4 | SearchOPUS 4 | Search
Background & Aims: Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital intestinal malabsorption disorder caused by defective apical vesicular transport. Existing cellular models do not fully recapitulate this heterogeneous pathology. The aim of this study was to characterize 3-dimensional intestinal organoids that continuously generate polarized absorptive cells as an accessible and relevant model to investigate MVID. Methods: Intestinal organoids from Munc18-2/Stxbp2-null mice that are deficient for apical vesicular transport were subjected to enterocyte-specific differentiation protocols. Lentiviral rescue experiments were performed using human MUNC18-2 variants. Apical trafficking and microvillus formation were characterized by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Spinning disc time-lapse microscopy was used to document the lifecycle of microvillus inclusions. Results: Loss of Munc18-2/Stxbp2 recapitulated the pathologic features observed in patients with MUNC18-2 deficiency. The ...
http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/solrsearch/index/search/searchtype/authorsearch/author/%22Birgitta+Elisabeth+Michels%22/start/0/rows/10/author_facetfq/Mohammed+Hossameldin+Mosa/subjectfq/Microvillus+Atrophy/institutefq/Georg-Speyer-Haus
KEGG PATHWAY: Protein digestion and absorption - Mus musculus (mouse)
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly ...
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?mmu04974+73626
SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes | ScienceSARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes | Science
We then performed mRNA-sequencing analysis to determine gene expression changes induced by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2-infection of hSIOs cultured continuously in EXP medium and hSIOs cultured in DIF medium. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 elicited a broad signature of cytokines and interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) attributed to type I and III IFN responses (Fig. 5A and tables S1 and S2), as confirmed by gene ontology analysis (Fig. 5B). An overlapping list of genes appeared in SARS-CoV-2-infected DIF organoids (fig. S6 and table S3). mRNA-sequencing analysis confirmed differentiation of DIF organoids into multiple intestinal lineages, including ACE2 up-regulation (fig. S7). SARS-CoV also induced ISGs but to a much lower level (table S4). Figure 5C shows the regulation of SARS-CoV-2-induced genes in SARS-CoV-infected organoids. This induction was similar to infections with other viruses such as norovirus (31), rotavirus (32), and enteroviruses (33, 34). A recent study (35) described an antiviral ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6499/50.long
Products taggedL-Glutamine| The Green HouseProducts taggedL-Glutamine| The Green House
L-Glutamine - the most abundant amino acid in the human body - is involved in many metabolic processes, including the synthesis and protection of muscles tissue, the production of glycogen, and immune support during periods of immune and muscular stress.* L-Glutamine is also a major source of fuel for enterocytes (intestinal cells) and hence supports the integrity of the intestinal lining.. ...
https://www.vitaminranch.com/collections/all/l-glutamine
L-Glutamine - Balanced Living
L-Glutamine - the most abundant amino acid in the human body - is involved in many metabolic processes, including the synthesis and protection of muscle tissue, the production of glycogen, and immune support during periods of immune and muscular stress.* L-Glutamine is also a major source of fuel for enterocytes (intes
https://www.balancedlivingasia.com/products/l-glutamine
EnterocyteEnterocyte
Enterocytes also have an endocrine role, secreting hormones such as leptin. The major functions of enterocytes include: Ion ... Enterocytes, or intestinal absorptive cells, are simple columnar epithelial cells which line the inner surface of the small and ... Fructose, on the other hand, crosses the apical membrane of the enterocyte, using GLUT5. It is thought to cross into the blood ... Lipids are broken down by pancreatic lipase aided by bile, and then diffuse into the enterocytes. Smaller lipids are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocyte
Locus of enterocyte effacementLocus of enterocyte effacement
The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) is a moderately conserved pathogenicity island consisting of 35,000 base pairs in the ... The LEE has a 38% G+C ratio.[clarification needed] Locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded regulator v t e v t e (Articles ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_of_enterocyte_effacement
Locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded regulatorLocus of enterocyte effacement-encoded regulator
The locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded regulator (Ler) is a regulatory protein that controls bacterial pathogenicity of ... Winardhi, Ricksen S.; Gulvady, Ranjit; Mellies, Jay L.; Yan, Jie (2014-05-16). "Locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded ... the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded regulator (Ler)". Molecular Microbiology. 33 (2): 296-306. doi:10.1046/j.1365- ... "A Positive Regulatory Loop Controls Expression of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Encoded Regulators Ler and GrlA". Journal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_of_enterocyte_effacement-encoded_regulator
AstrovirusAstrovirus
Hyperplasia of enterocytes is also observed in histopathology studies. However, in contrast to other enteric viruses, there ... They have a tissue tropism for enterocytes. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrovirus
Microfold cellMicrofold cell
This is done by inducing differentiation of enterocytes into M cell type in gut epithelium. In one case, the SopB effector ... For example, the type III secretion system effector protein SopB activates the transition of M cells from enterocytes. M cells ... When SopB activates differentiation of enterocytes, it acts via the activation of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway and ... These cells are far less abundant than enterocytes. These cells can also be identified by cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfold_cell
Rotaviral gastroenteritisRotaviral gastroenteritis
Healthy enterocytes secrete lactase into the small intestine; milk intolerance due to lactase deficiency is a symptom of ... Rotaviruses replicate mainly in the gut, and infect enterocytes of the villi of the small intestine, leading to structural and ... Malabsorption occurs because of the destruction of gut cells called enterocytes. The toxic rotavirus protein NSP4 induces age- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotaviral_gastroenteritis
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolaseFructose-bisphosphate aldolase
Aldolase A is preferentially expressed in muscle and brain; aldolase B in liver, kidney, and in enterocytes; and aldolase C in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose-bisphosphate_aldolase
RotavirusRotavirus
Healthy enterocytes secrete lactase into the small intestine; milk intolerance due to lactase deficiency is a symptom of ... Rotaviruses replicate mainly in the gut, and infect enterocytes of the villi of the small intestine, leading to structural and ... This increase in calcium ions leads to autophagy (self destruction) of the infected enterocytes. NSP4 is also secreted. This ... Malabsorption occurs because of the destruction of gut cells called enterocytes. The toxic rotavirus protein NSP4 induces age- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotavirus
Oral rehydration therapyOral rehydration therapy
The first is via intestinal epithelial cells (enterocytes). Sodium passes into these cells by co-transport with glucose, via ... while pulling into the enterocyte two potassium ions. This creates a "downhill" sodium gradient within the cell. SGLT proteins ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_rehydration_therapy
CD14CD14
mCD14 and sCD14 are also present on enterocytes. sCD14 is also present in human milk, where it is believed to regulate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD14
LipoproteinLipoprotein
Enterocytes readily absorb the small molecules from the chymus. Inside of the enterocytes, fatty acids and monoacylglycerides ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoprotein
FrenkeliaFrenkelia
The parasites invade the enterocytes, undergo merogony and gametogony. Gametes are formed which then fuse forming a zygote that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenkelia
RetinoidRetinoid
... retinol is taken up by the enterocytes. Retinyl ester hydrolysis requires the presence of bile salts that serve to solubilize ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoid
SelenococcidiumSelenococcidium
These enter an enterocyte, divide three times to give rise to an octonucleate schizont. The schizont divides and gives rise to ... These gametocytes invade enterocytes and there undergo multiple divisions which are released into the lumen as microgametes. ... The smaller merozoites invade the enterocytes, and become octoploid. These then divide and give rise to eight vermicular ... eight merozoites which then invade other enterocytes. There may be several rounds of asexual reproduction. At some point ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenococcidium
Enterocytozoon bieneusiEnterocytozoon bieneusi
... in the enterocytes of a human patient with AIDS. The Journal of Protozoology, 32(2), 250-254. Keeling, P. J., & Fast, N. M. ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocytozoon_bieneusi
AstroviridaeAstroviridae
Hyperplasia of enterocytes is also observed in histopathology studies. However, in contrast to other enteric viruses, there ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroviridae
StromatoxinStromatoxin
... for example prohibits apoptosis in enterocytes (Grishin et al. 2005) and enhances myogenic constriction in (rat) ... "Attenuation of apoptosis in enterocytes by blockade of potassium channels", Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 289 ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromatoxin
CitrullineCitrulline
... is also made by enterocytes of the small intestine. Several proteins contain citrulline as a result of a post- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrulline
TorovirusTorovirus
Some researchers suggest that the BToV only infects absorptive enterocytes. However, there are researchers that also suggest ... could be due to infection and death of cells in the small intestine and villi crypts as well as the surface crypt enterocytes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torovirus
List of intestinal epithelial differentiation genesList of intestinal epithelial differentiation genes
Vav proteins are necessary for correct differentiation of mouse cecal and colonic enterocytes. J Cell Sci. 2009 Feb 1;122(3): ... Yamada, S; Kojima, H; Fujimiya, M; Nakamura, T; Kashiwagi, A; Kikkawa, R (Jul 2001). "Differentiation of immature enterocytes ... Retinoblastoma protein (pRb), but not p107 or p130, is required for maintenance of enterocyte quiescence and differentiation in ... "Pdx1 inactivation restricted to the intestinal epithelium in mice alters duodenal gene expression in enterocytes and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_intestinal_epithelial_differentiation_genes
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coliEnteroaggregative Escherichia coli
EAEC toxins are destructive to the intestinal villi and enterocytes. There are three toxins found in EAEC; plasmid encoded ... Stage 2 an increase in mucus that covers EAEC on its surface of enterocytes is found; Stage 3 evocation of an inflammatory ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteroaggregative_Escherichia_coli
DipeptidaseDipeptidase
... s are enzymes secreted by enterocytes into the small intestine. Dipeptidases hydrolyze bound pairs of amino acids, ... They are also found within the enterocytes themselves, performing cytosolic digestion of absorbed dipeptides. Dipeptidases are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipeptidase
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2
Tallkvist J, Bowlus CL, Lönnerdal B (June 2001). "DMT1 gene expression and cadmium absorption in human absorptive enterocytes ... enterocytes). From there, the ferroportin/IREG1 transporter exports it across the cell membrane where is it oxidized to Fe3+ on ... it is located on the apical membrane of enterocytes, where it carries out H+-coupled transport of divalent metal cations from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resistance-associated_macrophage_protein_2
Sucrase-isomaltaseSucrase-isomaltase
It has preferential expression in the apical membranes of enterocytes. The enzyme's purpose is to digest dietary carbohydrates ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrase-isomaltase
Coeliac diseaseCoeliac disease
... enterocytes, of the intestine to allow larger molecules around the sealant between cells. Disruption of tight junctions allow ... This would trigger killing of enterocytes by lymphocytes in the epithelium. The villous atrophy seen on biopsy may also be due ... usually exceeding 20 per 100 enterocytes Marsh stage 2: a proliferation of the crypts of Lieberkühn Marsh stage 3: partial or ... action of HLA-DQ2 or tissue transglutaminase and the MICA/NKG2D interaction that may be involved in the killing of enterocytes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeliac_disease
Intraepithelial lymphocyteIntraepithelial lymphocyte
Epithelium of small intestine contains approximately 1 IEL per 10 enterocytes. However, unlike other T cells, IELs do not need ... of thymus and their maintenance and function in the intestinal epithelium is influenced by a cross-talk with enterocytes. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraepithelial_lymphocyte
GiardiasisGiardiasis
There appears to be a further increase in programmed enterocyte cell death by Giardia intestinalis, which further damages the ... Additionally, peristalsis and the renewal of enterocytes provide further protection against parasites. Nitric oxide does not ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giardiasis
Brush borderBrush border
The large intestine also has microvilli on the surface of its enterocytes. The brush border morphology increases a cell's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush_border
UBE2V2UBE2V2
It may also be involved in the differentiation of monocytes and enterocytes. UBE2V2 has been shown to interact with HLTF. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBE2V2
IleumIleum
At its sides, enterocytes are visible over a core of lamina propria. Cross section of ileum with a Peyer's patch circled. The ... enterocytes with microvilli, which digest and absorb nutrients; goblet cells, which secrete mucin, a substance that lubricates ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileum
Table 3 - Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3...
Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Hayley J. Newton1, Joan Sloan1, ... ORF, open reading frame; LEE, locus of enterocyte effacement; STEC, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. ... Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement. ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/15/3/08-0631-t3
Interpretive Summary: Oxidation of amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids as metabolic fuels in enterocytes of post-hatching...Interpretive Summary: Oxidation of amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids as metabolic fuels in enterocytes of post-hatching...
... glucose was the second most important metabolic fuel in chicken enterocytes, and (4) chicken enterocytes had a limited ability ... Our results indicated that: (1) glutamate (an amino acid) was the major energy source for the enterocytes of post-hatching ... To test this hypothesis, we isolated jejunal enterocytes from 0-, 7-, 21-, and 42-d-old male broiler chickens and performed ... Interpretive Summary: Oxidation of amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids as metabolic fuels in enterocytes of post-hatching ...
https://www.asas.org/taking-stock/blog-post/taking-stock/2022/04/21/interpretive-summary-oxidation-of-amino-acids-glucose-and-fatty-acids-as-metabolic-fuels-in-enterocytes-of-post-hatching-developing-chickens
Ligand binding and signalling pathways of PTH receptors in sea bream (Sparus auratus) enterocytes. | - CCMARLigand binding and signalling pathways of PTH receptors in sea bream (Sparus auratus) enterocytes. | - CCMAR
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Binding Sites, Calcium Signaling, Cyclic AMP, Enterocytes, Gene Expression, Ligands, Molecular ... Ligand binding of (125)I-(1-35(tyr)) PTHrP to the membrane fraction of isolated sea bream enterocytes revealed the existence of ... Fugu (1-34)PTHrP increased cAMP levels in enterocytes but had no effect on total inositol phosphate accumulation. The amino- ... We have characterised PTH receptors (PTHR) in piscine enterocytes and established, by using amino-terminal PTHrP peptides, the ...
https://ccmar.ualg.pt/biblio/ligand-binding-and-signalling-pathways-pth-receptors-sea-bream-sparus-auratus-enterocytes
TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes - preLightsTMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes - preLights
TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes. Ruochen Zang, Maria F.G. Castro, Broc T ... Notably, infected enterocytes formed syncytia and exhibited luminal shedding of viral progeny, providing important insights to ... the researchers discovered SARS-CoV-2 exclusively targets the apical surface of mature villous enterocytes that highly express ... organoids model COVID-19 pathogenesis illuminating a novel mode of infection where SARS-CoV-2 invades human enterocytes via ...
https://prelights.biologists.com/highlights/tmprss2-and-tmprss4-mediate-sars-cov-2-infection-of-human-small-intestinal-enterocytes/
Augmented enterocyte damage during Candida albicans and Proteus mirabilis coinfection. - Leibniz Institute for Natural Product...Augmented enterocyte damage during Candida albicans and Proteus mirabilis coinfection. - Leibniz Institute for Natural Product...
Augmented enterocyte damage during Candida albicans and Proteus mirabilis coinfection.. Niemiec MJ, Kapitan M, Himmel M, Döll K ... In summary, our study demonstrates that coinfection of enterocytes with C. albicans and P. mirabilis can result in increased ... We investigated fungal-bacterial interactions by coinfecting enterocytes with the yeast Candida albicans and the Gram-negative ... Augmented enterocyte damage during Candida albicans and Proteus mirabilis coinfection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12, 866416. ...
https://www.leibniz-hki.de/en/mi-publications-details.html?publication=3385
GAO SMALL INTESTINE 24W C4 ENTEROCYTE PROGENITOR SUBTYPE 2GAO SMALL INTESTINE 24W C4 ENTEROCYTE PROGENITOR SUBTYPE 2
Human Gene Set: GAO_SMALL_INTESTINE_24W_C4_ENTEROCYTE_PROGENITOR_SUBTYPE_2 Standard name. GAO_SMALL_INTESTINE_24W_C4_ENTEROCYTE ... GAO_SMALL_INTESTINE_24W_C3_ENTEROCYTE_PROGENITOR_SUBTYPE_1 GAO_SMALL_INTESTINE_24W_C6_GOBLET_CELLS GAO_SMALL_INTESTINE_24W_C7_ ... GAO_LARGE_INTESTINE_24W_C10_ENTEROCYTE GAO_LARGE_INTESTINE_24W_C11_PANETH_LIKE_CELL GAO_LARGE_INTESTINE_24W_C1_DCLK1POS_ ...
https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/GAO_SMALL_INTESTINE_24W_C4_ENTEROCYTE_PROGENITOR_SUBTYPE_2.html
IMSEAR at SEARO: Enterocyte mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress.
Enterocyte mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 1999 Aug; 36(4): 266 ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/27988
Table 3 - Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3...
Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Hayley J. Newton1, Joan Sloan1, ... ORF, open reading frame; LEE, locus of enterocyte effacement; STEC, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. ... Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement. ...
https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/15/3/08-0631-t3
Disentangling Host-Microbiota Regulation of Lipid Secretion by Enterocytes: Insights from Commensals Lactobacillus paracasei...Disentangling Host-Microbiota Regulation of Lipid Secretion by Enterocytes: Insights from Commensals Lactobacillus paracasei...
In addition, we set up cellular models of fatty acid absorption and secretion by enterocytes cocultured with bacteria and ... paracasei promotes fat storage in enterocytes, whereas E. coli enhances lipid catabolism and reduces chylomicron circulating ... The gut microbiota contributes to nutrients absorption and metabolism by enterocytes, but the molecular mechanisms involved ... In addition, we set up cellular models of fatty acid absorption and secretion by enterocytes cocultured with bacteria and ...
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-02551903
ERK5 signalling rescues intestinal epithelial turnover and tumour cell proliferation upon ERK1/2 abrogation | Nature...ERK5 signalling rescues intestinal epithelial turnover and tumour cell proliferation upon ERK1/2 abrogation | Nature...
Enterocytes then migrate to the villus tip where they undergo anoikis and are shed into the gut lumen8. All of these cellular ... This seems at odds with literature that suggest that maintained ERK1/2 signalling precludes enterocyte differentiation29,30. A ... 3c), detailed analysis of the brush border on enterocytes by electron microscopy revealed that microvilli of ΔIEC mice were ... 1). Consistent with these findings, ERK1/2 MAPKs were shown to be associated with the enterocyte brush border and activated ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms11551?error=cookies_not_supported&code=6fb7d470-fcab-458b-8b39-a4b5274a3f14
Search: ZNF660 - The Human Protein AtlasSearch: ZNF660 - The Human Protein Atlas
Proximal enterocytes [nTPM] * Proximal tubular cells [nTPM] * Respiratory ciliated cells [nTPM] * Rod photoreceptor cells [nTPM ...
http://www.proteinatlas.org/search/ZNF660
Murine astrovirus tropism for goblet cells and enterocytes facilitates an IFN-λ response in vivo and in enteroid cultures<...Murine astrovirus tropism for goblet cells and enterocytes facilitates an IFN-λ response in vivo and in enteroid cultures<...
Murine astrovirus tropism for goblet cells and enterocytes facilitates an IFN-λ response in vivo and in enteroid cultures. In: ... Murine astrovirus tropism for goblet cells and enterocytes facilitates an IFN-λ response in vivo and in enteroid cultures. / ... Murine astrovirus tropism for goblet cells and enterocytes facilitates an IFN-λ response in vivo and in enteroid cultures. ... Dive into the research topics of Murine astrovirus tropism for goblet cells and enterocytes facilitates an IFN-λ response in ...
https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/publications/murine-astrovirus-tropism-for-goblet-cells-and-enterocytes-facili
Monitoring Caco-2 to enterocyte-like cells differentiation by means of electric impedance analysis on printed sensorsMonitoring Caco-2 to enterocyte-like cells differentiation by means of electric impedance analysis on printed sensors
... Marziano ... typically showed by mature enterocytes. For in vitro experiments, it is crucial to identify non-invasive and non-destructive ... typically showed by mature enterocytes. For in vitro experiments, it is crucial to identify non-invasive and non-destructive ...
https://iris.unibs.it/handle/11379/514229
Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome: MedlinePlus GeneticsImerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics
Enterocyte cobalamin malabsorption. *Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome. *Juvenile pernicious anemia with proteinuria due to selective ...
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/imerslund-grasbeck-syndrome
The Management of Acute Diarrhea in Children: Oral Rehydration, Maintenance, and Nutritional TherapyThe Management of Acute Diarrhea in Children: Oral Rehydration, Maintenance, and Nutritional Therapy
However, fasting can reduce enterocyte renewal (72). Enteral nutrition stimulates intestinal cell renewal in several ways. In ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018677.htm
Septic Shock: Practice Essentials, Background, PathophysiologySeptic Shock: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Glutamine is necessary for normal enterocyte functioning. Its absence in commercial formulations of total parenteral nutrition ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/168402-27295/how-is-sepsis-defined-and-what-is-sepsis-induced-organ-dysfunction
DeCS - Termos NovosDeCS - Termos Novos
ENTEROCYTES ENTEROCITOS ENXAQUECA CLÁSSICA CLASSIC MIGRAINE JAQUECA CLASICA ENXAQUECA COMUM COMMON MIGRAINE JAQUECA COMUN ...
https://decs.bvs.br/P/news2000pie.htm
Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Yessotoxin, a Promising Therapeutic ToolMarine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Yessotoxin, a Promising Therapeutic Tool
Fresh enterocytes (rabbit). No effect on F-actin (1 µM, 4 h). [74]. ... M17 cells and rabbit fresh enterocytes, after 1 h or 4 h of 1 µM YTX exposure [74,83]. On the contrary, lysosomal vesicles, and ... fresh human lymphocytes and fresh rabbit enterocytes after treatment with concentrations of YTX highly toxic for other cells [ ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/14/2/30
Radiation Enteritis and Proctitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Therapy, General Principles of...Radiation Enteritis and Proctitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Therapy, General Principles of...
Glutamine - This is the preferred metabolic fuel for enterocytes; it may be an effective radioprotectant [25] ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197483-treatment
ERK5 signalling rescues intestinal epithelial turnover and tumour cell proliferation upon ERK1/2 abrogationERK5 signalling rescues intestinal epithelial turnover and tumour cell proliferation upon ERK1/2 abrogation
Enterocytes / enzymology* * Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism* * Homeostasis * Humans * Ileum / pathology ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27187615/
JCI - Gut chemosensing mechanismsJCI - Gut chemosensing mechanisms
Surrounding enterocytes may also release active metabolites or deliver stimuli to the sub-epithelial space following their ... A well-characterized example is the activation of PYY Y1 receptors located on enterocytes, which leads to the inhibition of ... The small intestinal epithelium is arranged in villi containing, among other cell types, absorptive enterocytes and EECs. The ... NPY1R on enterocytes; SSTR5 on L cells; immunoglobulin-like domain containing receptor 1 [ILDR1] on I cells) on the basolateral ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/76309
3.2.1.48: sucrose alpha-glucosidase - BRENDA Enzyme Database3.2.1.48: sucrose alpha-glucosidase - BRENDA Enzyme Database
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Categories: Enterocytes Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 1 ...
https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Enterocytes&parentid=14289&catid=37884
Current Issue Table of Contents: Journal of Lipid ResearchCurrent Issue Table of Contents: Journal of Lipid Research
An Updated Perspective on the Dual-Track Model of Enterocyte Fat Metabolism. *Joshua R. Cook, ...
https://www.jlr.org/issue/S0022-2275
Research Publications (Nutrition) | National Agricultural LibraryResearch Publications (Nutrition) | National Agricultural Library
... transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveals protective mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine in indomethacin-stimulated enterocytes ...
https://www.nal.usda.gov/human-nutrition-and-food-safety/research-publications-nutrition
Wilsons DiseaseWilson's Disease
Blockage of copper absorption by inducing metallothionein in enterocytes. 150 mg/day of elemental zinc in three divided doses. ... Blockage of copper absorption by inducing metallothionein in enterocytes. 150 mg/day of elemental zinc in three divided doses. ... Blockage of copper absorption by inducing metallothionein in enterocytes. 150 mg/day of elemental zinc in three divided doses. ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/543866_5
Acute Diarrhea in Children: Oral Rehydration, Maint., Nutr. TherapyAcute Diarrhea in Children: Oral Rehydration, Maint., Nutr. Therapy
However, fasting can reduce enterocyte renewal (72). Enteral nutrition stimulates intestinal cell renewal in several ways. In ...
https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0018677/m0018677.asp
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Lactose Maldigestion, Malabsorption, and Intolerance: A Comprehensive Review with a Focus on...Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Lactose Maldigestion, Malabsorption, and Intolerance: A Comprehensive Review with a Focus on...
Lactase is a β-galactosidase that can be found on the upper surface of enterocytes on the microvilli of the small intestine, ... are rapidly absorbed by enterocytes and then used; the glucose is used as a source of energy, while the galactose is used as a ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/11/1599/htm
Analisis Imunositokimia Uji Adhesi Protein Hemagglutinin Pili 49,8 kDa Shigella sonnei terhadap Enterocyte Mencit Balb-c secara...Analisis Imunositokimia Uji Adhesi Protein Hemagglutinin Pili 49,8 kDa Shigella sonnei terhadap Enterocyte Mencit Balb-c secara...
Analisis Imunositokimia Uji Adhesi Protein Hemagglutinin Pili 49,8 kDa Shigella sonnei terhadap Enterocyte Mencit Balb-c secara ... the number of proteins that attach to the enterocytes increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a process of ... 8 kDa Shigella sonnei dengan Enterocyte Mencit Balb-c. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan metode pewarnaan Imunositokimia pada ... 8 kDa Shigella sonnei terhadap Enterocyte Mencit Balb-c secara In-vitro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya. ...
http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/124254/
Locus of enterocGoblet cellsIntestinal enterocytesApicalPanethAbsorptive enterocytesMetabolismCellsSecretionBacteriaProteinsLipidVitroFattyHomeostasisReceptorMiceAmino acidAccumulationParticlesProteinHumanGlutamineStudiesMatureBloodStudyPresent
Locus of enteroc4
  • Elliott SJ , Wainwright LA , McDaniel TK , Jarvis KG , Deng YK , Lai LC , The complete sequence of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli E2348/69. (cdc.gov)
  • The T3SS of EHEC and EPEC is encoded by the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE) Island. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • The genetic determinants for the production of A/E lesions are located on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) ( 4 ) , a pathogenicity island that contains the genes encoding intimin, a type III secretion system, a number of secreted (Esp) proteins, and the translocated intimin receptor named Tir ( 1 ) ( Figure 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Diagram of the main genes of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) region and the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) adherence factor (EAF) plasmid. (cdc.gov)
Goblet cells4
  • We demonstrate that goblet cells and enterocytes are targets for chronic muAstV infection in vivo, and that infection is enhanced by parasite co-infection or type 2 cytokine signaling. (wustl.edu)
  • It also contains intestinal glands ( crypts of Lieberkuhn ) made up of enterocytes , which reabsorb nutrients , and other specialized cells of the small intestine (e.g., stem cells , Paneth cells , goblet cells , enteroendocrine cells ). (amboss.com)
  • There are four differentiated cell types of non-proliferative epithelial cells: enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells. (bio-thing.cn)
  • Called enteroids, these human "minigut" structures are composed of all five cell types present in the human intestinal epithelium: stem cells, enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and enteroendocrine cells. (bcm.edu)
Intestinal enterocytes4
  • The aim of this study was to determine whether multiwalled carbon nanotube s (MWNCT) are taken up by and are toxic to human intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model. (cdc.gov)
  • Our study suggests that intestinal enterocytes cells do not take up MWCNT. (cdc.gov)
  • 2020) TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes . (stemcell.com)
  • However, the concentration of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) was unchanged, ruling out the death of intestinal enterocytes. (news-medical.net)
Apical5
  • Upon scrutinizing the mode of viral entry, the researchers discovered SARS-CoV-2 exclusively targets the apical surface of mature villous enterocytes that highly express the ACE2 chaperone protein. (biologists.com)
  • Cells displayed many of the properties that characterize enterocytes, such as apical microvilli, basolateral basement membrane, and glycogen. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhibitory effect of calcium on non-heme iron absorption may be related to translocation of DMT-1 at the apical membrane of enterocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Se trata de CÉLULAS EPITELIALES diferenciadas, con MICROVELLOSIDADES en el polo apical, orientadas hacia la luz intestinal. (bvsalud.org)
  • This insufficient villin from tuft OCP2 cells could also explain the initial ultrastructural top features of tuft cells not really distributed by enterocytes specifically, an apical tuft of stiff microvilli with very long microvillar actin rootlets no terminal internet45. (geogise.com)
Paneth1
  • The small intestine is made of many different types of cells, including enterocytes, stem cells and Paneth cells. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Absorptive enterocytes2
  • Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells at the intestinal crypt base produce transit-amplifying cells, which then undergo a number of proliferative cycles before terminal differentiation into absorptive enterocytes at the crypt-villus border. (nature.com)
  • The small intestinal epithelium is arranged in villi containing, among other cell types, absorptive enterocytes and EECs. (jci.org)
Metabolism2
  • The gut microbiota contributes to nutrients absorption and metabolism by enterocytes, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood, and most conclusions are inferred from studies comparing germfree and conventional animals colonized with diverse bacterial species. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Induction of Nitric-Oxide Metabolism in Enterocytes Alleviates Colitis and Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer. (harvard.edu)
Cells6
  • Glucose and fatty acids have long been regarded as the primary sources of energy for the absorptive epithelial cells (enterocytes) of the avian small intestine. (asas.org)
  • The amino-terminal peptides (2-34)PTHrP, (3-34)PTHrP and (7-34)PTHrP bound efficiently to the receptor but were severely defective in stimulating cAMP in enterocyte cells indicating that the first six residues of piscine (1-34)PTHrP, although not important for receptor binding, are essential for activation of the adenylate cyclase/phosphokinase A (AC-PKA)-receptor-coupled intracellular signalling pathway. (ualg.pt)
  • Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 3 transports bile salts and conjugated xenobiotics from cells (hepatocytes and enterocytes) into the blood. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Overall, diarrhoea results when there is an increase in secretion or reduced absorption from the small intestine enterocyte cells. (ipl.org)
  • These minuscule particles are then absorbed by white blood cells called enterocytes. (wagwalking.com)
  • The body uses both enterocytes and mast cells in the fight to protect the body, and these cells stimulate the release of histamine into the bloodstream. (wagwalking.com)
Secretion2
  • In addition, we set up cellular models of fatty acid absorption and secretion by enterocytes cocultured with bacteria and showed that, in vitro, both L. paracasei and E. coli inhibited lipid secretion, through increased intracellular fat storage and enhanced lipid catabolism, respectively. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
Bacteria1
  • Intimin, a 94-kDa outer membrane protein encoded by the eae gene, is responsible for the intimate adherence between bacteria and enterocyte membranes. (cdc.gov)
Proteins3
  • Correlation and regression tests showed that with increasing concentrations of dilution, the number of proteins that attach to the enterocytes increased. (ub.ac.id)
  • When proteins are not properly broken down during digestion, these enterocytes see them as intruders and attack. (wagwalking.com)
  • Several NSAIDs indeed trigger increases in mobile [Ca2+] and oxidant tension (Tanaka research with cultured enterocytes, where high concentrations of diclofenac could actually trigger cyclosporin ACsensitive adjustments in calcein/Co2+ fluorescence, a recognized indicator from the mPT (LoGuidice by focusing on cyclophilin D (CypD), a mitochondrial matrix proteins and important regulator from the mPT. (cancerhugs.com)
Lipid1
  • Using an integrated approach encompassing cellular and murine models and combining metabolic parameters measurement, lipid droplet imaging, and gene expression analysis, we demonstrated that under homeostatic conditions, L. paracasei promotes fat storage in enterocytes, whereas E. coli enhances lipid catabolism and reduces chylomicron circulating levels. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Vitro1
  • Analisis Imunositokimia Uji Adhesi Protein Hemagglutinin Pili 49,8 kDa Shigella sonnei terhadap Enterocyte Mencit Balb-c secara In-vitro. (ub.ac.id)
Fatty1
  • In the enterocyte, all of our fatty acids are going to be reorganized into what are called chylomicrons, chylomicrons. (khanacademy.org)
Homeostasis1
  • Intestinal nutrient transporters allow not only for nutrient supply from the diet to the body, but also fulfil specialist needs in maintaining enterocyte homeostasis. (ncl.ac.uk)
Receptor1
  • We have characterised PTH receptors (PTHR) in piscine enterocytes and established, by using amino-terminal PTHrP peptides, the amino acid residues important for receptor activation and for stabilising the ligand/receptor complex. (ualg.pt)
Mice1
  • This study aims to determine if there is a process of adhesion between adhesion pili 49.8 kDa protein of Shigella sonnei and Balb-c mice enterocyte. (ub.ac.id)
Amino acid2
  • And in doing so, would allow our amino acid to enter into our enterocyte or our intestinal cell. (khanacademy.org)
  • From there, the amino acid could undergo a couple of different steps, but eventually will leave the enterocyte and go to a blood capillary, where it enters the blood stream and then can be shuttled anywhere else in the body for use. (khanacademy.org)
Accumulation2
  • Fugu (1-34)PTHrP increased cAMP levels in enterocytes but had no effect on total inositol phosphate accumulation. (ualg.pt)
  • liver changes, adhesion and rolling of leukocyte in adipose tissue and accumulation of fat in the enterocytes. (bvsalud.org)
Particles1
  • Nano C Immune Support is made from nanotechnology that can make Vitamin C smash down into smaller particles, which can without problems bypass the enterocytes and go inner your bloodstream. (pro-buy.org)
Protein4
  • Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada proses adhesi antara protein adhesin pili 49,8 kDa Shigella sonnei dengan Enterocyte Mencit Balb-c. (ub.ac.id)
  • Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a process of adhesion between Shigella sonnei pili adhesin protein of 49.8 kDa and enterocytes. (ub.ac.id)
  • And so if we look at a single enterocyte or an intestinal cell, there would be a protein that's here on the cell membrane. (khanacademy.org)
  • And just to make sure we're complete, I'm going to draw the protein transporter we have here as well as one on the other side, and show that there is a sodium ion that's flowing into our enterocyte down its concentration gradient to end up in the enterocyte with the sugar. (khanacademy.org)
Human1
  • 2020) SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes . (stemcell.com)
Glutamine1
  • Based on studies with mammalian enterocytes, we hypothesize that aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine provide the bulk of energy for the enterocytes of post-hatching developing chickens. (asas.org)
Studies2
  • To test this hypothesis, we isolated jejunal enterocytes from 0-, 7-, 21-, and 42-d-old male broiler chickens and performed metabolic studies. (asas.org)
  • This is coupled to studies of the role of glycine in maintaining enterocyte health in the face of oxidative and other challenges. (ncl.ac.uk)
Mature1
  • Caco-2 spontaneously differentiate into a monolayer expressing several specific characteristics, typically showed by mature enterocytes. (unibs.it)
Blood1
  • So, the sodium is still flowing down its concentration gradient, but it ends up inside the enterocyte while the sugar leaves and goes to the blood capillary. (khanacademy.org)
Study1
  • In summary, our study demonstrates that coinfection of enterocytes with C. albicans and P. mirabilis can result in increased host cell damage which is mediated by bacterial virulence factors as a result of fungal niche modification via nutrient consumption and production of soluble factors. (leibniz-hki.de)
Present1
  • At week three, ferritin uptake could not be detected and the SNV were not present in the enterocytes. (wur.nl)
Figure 2 - Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3...
Figure 2 - Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3-March 2009 -...
Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3-March 2009 -... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 3 - Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3...
Figure 3 - Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 1 - Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3...
Figure 1 - Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics
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Induced organoids derived from patients with ulcerative colitis recapitulate colitic reactivity | Nature Communications
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Septic Shock: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
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JCI - Gut chemosensing mechanisms
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3.2.1.48: sucrose alpha-glucosidase - BRENDA Enzyme Database
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Typical and Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli - Volume 8, Number 5-May 2002 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal -...
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Universal Drugstore: Brand name viagra line all pills online!
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Figure 4 - Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3...
Figure 4 - Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)