Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus
Enterococcus faecium
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Vancomycin Resistance
Vancomycin
Carbon-Oxygen Ligases
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Conjugation, Genetic
Gentamicins
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Bacteriocins
Pheromones
Endocarditis, Bacterial
Teicoplanin
Plasmids
Oxazolidinones
Acetamides
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Biofilms
Molecular Sequence Data
Alcaligenes faecalis
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Gram-Positive Cocci
Root Canal Irrigants
Streptococcus
Dental Pulp Cavity
Ampicillin Resistance
Sex Attractants
DNA Transposable Elements
Gelatinases
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Anti-Infective Agents
Glycopeptides
Bacteria
Bacterial Adhesion
Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
Virginiamycin
Colony Count, Microbial
Sodium Hypochlorite
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Ampicillin
Staphylococcus aureus
Tetracycline Resistance
Amino Acid Sequence
Dental Pulp Diseases
Virulence Factors
Pulpitis
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Virulence
Base Sequence
Aminoglycosides
Cheese
Microbial Viability
Calcium Hydroxide
Chlorhexidine
Culture Media
Periapical Periodontitis
Streptogramin A
Operon
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Feces
Gene Transfer, Horizontal
Streptococcaceae
Lactococcus
Bacteremia
Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase
Mutagenesis, Insertional
Acetoin
Erythromycin
Escherichia coli
Streptomycin
Chromosomes, Bacterial
Penicillins
Lactobacillus
Urinary Tract Infections
Multigene Family
Bacteriolysis
Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests
Root Canal Filling Materials
RNA, Bacterial
Minocycline
Mutation
Cephalosporins
Bacitracin
Lactococcus lactis
N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase
Tyrosine Decarboxylase
Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase
Staphylococcus
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Endophthalmitis
Penicillin-Binding Proteins
Effects of dispersed recreational activities on the microbiological quality of forest surface water. (1/2300)
The microbiological quality of forest surface waters in the Greenwater River watershed was examined to investigate the influence of heavy motorized camping in an area with no sanitary facilities. Indicator densities increased during weekend human-use periods when compared to weekdays. Increases in indicator densities were also noted downstream from heavily used camping areas when compared to upstream sites. Seasonal, weekly, and diurnal fluctuations in indicator densities were observed. This study suggests that potential health hazards exist in this watershed during periods of human use. (+info)Isolation and chemical characterization of a capsular polysaccharide antigen shared by clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. (2/2300)
Enterococci are a common cause of serious infections, especially in newborns, severely immunocompromised patients, and patients requiring intensive care. To characterize enterococcal surface antigens that are targets of opsonic antibodies, rabbits were immunized with various gentamicin-killed Enterococcus faecalis strains, and immune sera were tested in an opsonophagocytic assay against a selection of clinical isolates. Serum raised against one strain killed the homologous strain (12030) at a dilution of 1:5,120 and mediated opsonic killing of 33% of all strains tested. In addition, this serum killed two (28%) of seven vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains. Adsorption of sera with the homologous strain eliminated killing activity. The adsorbing antigens were resistant to treatment with proteinase K and to boiling for 1 h, but were susceptible to treatment with sodium periodate, indicating that the antigen inducing opsonic activity is a polysaccharide. Antibodies in immune rabbit sera reacted with a capsule-like structure visualized by electron microscopy both on the homologous E. faecalis strain and on a vancomycin-resistant E. faecium strain. The capsular polysaccharides from E. faecalis 12030 and E. faecium 838970 were purified, and chemical and structural analyses indicated they were identical glycerol teichoic acid-like molecules with a carbohydrate backbone structure of 6-alpha-D-glucose-1-2 glycerol-3-PO4 with substitution on carbon 2 of the glucose with an alpha-2-1-D-glucose residue. The purified antigen adsorbed opsonic killing activity from immune rabbit sera and elicited high titers of antibodies (when used to immunize rabbits) that both mediated opsonic killing of bacteria and bound to a capsule-like structure visualized by electron microscopy. These results indicate that approximately one-third of a sample of 15 E. faecalis strains and 7 vancomycin-resistant E. faecium strains possess shared capsular polysaccharides that are targets of opsonophagocytic antibodies and therefore are potential vaccine candidates. (+info)A new hydrolase specific for taurine-conjugates of bile acids. (3/2300)
Through the investigation of the bile acid-deconjugation activities of human intestinal anaerobes, a new enzyme was discovered in Peptostreptococcus intermedius which hydrolyzed specifically the taurine-conjugates, but not the glycine-conjugates of bile acids. However, the enzymes in Streptococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus brevis hydrolyzed chiefly the glycine-conjugates. (+info)Two-step acquisition of resistance to the teicoplanin-gentamicin combination by VanB-type Enterococcus faecalis in vitro and in experimental endocarditis. (4/2300)
The activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin combined with gentamicin was investigated in vitro against strains of Enterococcus faecalis resistant to vancomycin and susceptible to teicoplanin (VanB type) and against mutants that had acquired resistance to teicoplanin by three different mechanisms. In vitro, gentamicin selected mutants with two- to sixfold increases in the level of resistance to this antibiotic at frequencies of 10(-6) to 10(-7). Teicoplanin selected teicoplanin-resistant mutants at similar frequencies. Both mutations were required to abolish the activity of the gentamicin-teicoplanin combination. As expected, simultaneous acquisition of the two types of mutations was not observed. In therapy with gentamicin or teicoplanin alone, each selected mutants in three of seven rabbits with aortic endocarditis due to VanB-type E. faecalis BM4275. The vancomycin-gentamicin combination selected mutants that were resistant to gentamicin and to the combination. In contrast, the teicoplanin-gentamicin regimen prevented the emergence of mutants resistant to one or both components of the combination. These results suggest that two mutations are also required to suppress the in vivo activity of the teicoplanin-gentamicin combination. (+info)Efficacy of ampicillin plus ceftriaxone in treatment of experimental endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis strains highly resistant to aminoglycosides. (5/2300)
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vitro possibilities of ampicillin-ceftriaxone combinations for 10 Enterococcus faecalis strains with high-level resistance to aminoglycosides (HLRAg) and to assess the efficacy of ampicillin plus ceftriaxone, both administered with humanlike pharmacokinetics, for the treatment of experimental endocarditis due to HLRAg E. faecalis. A reduction of 1 to 4 dilutions in MICs of ampicillin was obtained when ampicillin was combined with a fixed subinhibitory ceftriaxone concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. This potentiating effect was also observed by the double disk method with all 10 strains. Time-kill studies performed with 1 and 2 micrograms of ampicillin alone per ml or in combination with 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 micrograms of ceftriaxone per ml showed a > or = 2 log10 reduction in CFU per milliliter with respect to ampicillin alone and to the initial inoculum for all 10 E. faecalis strains studied. This effect was obtained for seven strains with the combination of 2 micrograms of ampicillin per ml plus 10 micrograms of ceftriaxone per ml and for six strains with 5 micrograms of ceftriaxone per ml. Animals with catheter-induced endocarditis were infected intravenously with 10(8) CFU of E. faecalis V48 or 10(5) CFU of E. faecalis V45 and were treated for 3 days with humanlike pharmacokinetics of 2 g of ampicillin every 4 h, alone or combined with 2 g of ceftriaxone every 12 h. The levels in serum and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the humanlike pharmacokinetics of ampicillin or ceftriaxone in rabbits were similar to those found in humans treated with 2 g of ampicillin or ceftriaxone intravenously. Results of the therapy for experimental endocarditis caused by E. faecalis V48 or V45 showed that the residual bacterial titers in aortic valve vegetations were significantly lower in the animals treated with the combinations of ampicillin plus ceftriaxone than in those treated with ampicillin alone (P < 0.001). The combination of ampicillin and ceftriaxone showed in vitro and in vivo synergism against HLRAg E. faecalis. (+info)The osmoprotectant glycine betaine inhibits salt-induced cross-tolerance towards lethal treatment in Enterococcus faecalis. (6/2300)
The response of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 to salt stress has been characterized previously in complex media. In this report, it has been demonstrated that this bacterium actively accumulates the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (GB) from salt-enriched complex medium BHI. To further understand the specific effects of GB and other osmoprotective compounds in salt adaptation and salt-induced cross-tolerance to lethal challenges, a chemically defined medium lacking putative osmoprotectants was used. In this medium, bacterial growth was significantly reduced by increasing concentrations of NaCl. At 0.75 M NaCl, 90% inhibition of the growth rate was observed; GB and its structural analogues restored growth to the non-salt-stressed level. In contrast, proline, pipecolate and ectoine did not allow growth recovery of stressed cells. Kinetic studies showed that the uptake of betaines shows strong structural specificity and occurs through a salt-stress-inducible high-affinity porter [Km = 3.3 microM; Vmax = 130 nmol min(-1) (mg protein)(-1); the uptake activity increased 400-fold in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl]. Moreover, GB and its analogues were accumulated as non-metabolizable cytosolic osmolytes and reached intracellular levels ranging from 1-3 to 1.5 micromol (mg protein)(-1). In contrast to the beneficial effect of GB on the growth of salt-stressed cultures of E. faecalis, its accumulation inhibits the salt-induced cross-tolerance to a heterologous lethal challenge. Indeed, pretreatment of bacterial cells with 0.5 M NaCl induced resistance to 0.3% bile salts (survival of adapted cells increased by a factor of 6800). The presence of GB in the adaptation medium reduced the acquisition of bile salts resistance 680-fold. The synthesis of 11 of the 13 proteins induced during salt adaptation was significantly reduced in the presence of GB. These results raise questions about the actual beneficial effect of GB in natural environments where bacteria are often subjected to various stresses. (+info)Microbiological and inflammatory effects of murine recombinant interleukin-10 in two models of polymicrobial peritonitis in rats. (7/2300)
A protective effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) against the development of lethal shock has been demonstrated in various animal models. In contrast, the immunosuppressant properties of this mediator have been minimally evaluated in low-mortality models of infections. The clinical, microbiological, and inflammatory effects of murine recombinant IL-10 (mrIL-10) therapy were evaluated in two models of peritonitis in rats, which differed in the degree of severity of peritoneal inflammation 3 days after inoculation of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis with or without Enterococcus faecalis. The severity of the disease remained unchanged compared to that in control animals. A dose-related decrease in the peritoneal phagocyte count was observed in the treated groups compared to the counts in control animals. The subsequent experiments were performed exclusively in the mixed gram-positive-gram negative model, which exhibits an intense and prolonged inflammatory response with similar criteria. The early effects of mrIL-10 (evaluated 6 h after inoculation), repeated injections of mrIL-10 (four doses injected from 0 to 9 h after bacterial challenge), and pretreatment (two doses injected 6 and 3 h before inoculation) were evaluated. The clinical and microbiological parameters remained unchanged in the treated animals. Decreases in the peritoneal phagocyte count and the peritoneal concentration of tumor necrosis factor were observed following repeated injections of mrIL-10. In summary, our data suggest that mrIL-10 does not worsen the manifestations of sepsis. However, these results need to be confirmed in clinical practice. (+info)Isolation of Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates that efficiently adhere to human bladder carcinoma T24 cells and inhibition of adhesion by fibronectin and trypsin treatment. (8/2300)
The adherence of Enterococcus faecalis strains to human T24 cells was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Five highly adhesive strains were identified from 30 strains isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections. No efficiently adhesive strains were found among the 30 strains isolated from the feces of healthy students. The five isolated strains also adhered efficiently to human bladder epithelial cells. Analysis of restriction endonuclease-digested plasmid DNAs and chromosome DNAs showed that the five strains were different strains isolated from different patients. The adhesiveness of these strains was inhibited by treatment with fibronectin or trypsin, implying that a specific protein (adhesin) on the bacterial cell surface mediates adherence to fibronectin on the host cell surfaces, and the adhesin differs from the reported adhesins. (+info)Some common examples of gram-positive bacterial infections include:
1. Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections: These are infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which is a type of gram-positive bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics.
2. Streptococcal infections: These are infections caused by streptococcus bacteria, such as strep throat and cellulitis.
3. Pneumococcal infections: These are infections caused by pneumococcus bacteria, such as pneumonia.
4. Enterococcal infections: These are infections caused by enterococcus bacteria, such as urinary tract infections and endocarditis.
5. Candidiasis: This is a type of fungal infection caused by candida, which is a type of gram-positive fungus.
Gram-positive bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin and ampicillin, but the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has made the treatment of these infections more challenging. In some cases, gram-positive bacterial infections may require more aggressive treatment, such as combination therapy with multiple antibiotics or the use of antifungal medications.
Overall, gram-positive bacterial infections can be serious and potentially life-threatening, so it is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.
Causes and risk factors:
The most common cause of bacterial endocarditis is a bacterial infection that enters the bloodstream and travels to the heart. This can occur through various means, such as:
* Injecting drugs or engaging in other risky behaviors that allow bacteria to enter the body
* Having a weakened immune system due to illness or medication
* Having a previous history of endocarditis or other heart conditions
* Being over the age of 60, as older adults are at higher risk for developing endocarditis
Symptoms:
The symptoms of bacterial endocarditis can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the location of the infected area. Some common symptoms include:
* Fever
* Chills
* Joint pain or swelling
* Fatigue
* Shortness of breath
* Heart murmurs or abnormal heart sounds
Diagnosis:
Bacterial endocarditis is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as:
* Blood cultures to identify the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
* Echocardiogram to visualize the heart and detect any abnormalities
* Chest X-ray to look for signs of infection or inflammation in the lungs or heart
* Electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure the electrical activity of the heart
Treatment:
The treatment of bacterial endocarditis typically involves a combination of antibiotics and surgery. Antibiotics are used to kill the bacteria and reduce inflammation, while surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart tissue. In some cases, the infected heart tissue may need to be removed.
Prevention:
Preventing bacterial endocarditis involves good oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, and avoiding certain high-risk activities such as unprotected sex or sharing of needles. People with existing heart conditions should also take antibiotics before dental or medical procedures to reduce the risk of infection.
Prognosis:
The prognosis for bacterial endocarditis is generally good if treatment is prompt and effective. However, delays in diagnosis and treatment can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, stroke, or death. Patients with pre-existing heart conditions are at higher risk for complications.
Incidence:
Bacterial endocarditis is a relatively rare condition, affecting approximately 2-5 cases per million people per year in the United States. However, people with certain risk factors such as heart conditions or prosthetic heart valves are at higher risk for developing the infection.
Complications:
Bacterial endocarditis can lead to a number of complications, including:
* Heart failure
* Stroke or brain abscess
* Kidney damage or failure
* Pregnancy complications
* Nerve damage or peripheral neuropathy
* Skin or soft tissue infections
* Bone or joint infections
* Septicemia (blood poisoning)
Prevention:
Preventive measures for bacterial endocarditis include:
* Good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups to reduce the risk of dental infections
* Avoiding high-risk activities such as unprotected sex or sharing of needles
* Antibiotics before dental or medical procedures for patients with existing heart conditions
* Proper sterilization and disinfection of medical equipment
* Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis (prevention) in high-risk patients.
Emerging Trends:
Newly emerging trends in the management of bacterial endocarditis include:
* The use of novel antibiotics and combination therapy to improve treatment outcomes
* The development of new diagnostic tests to help identify the cause of infection more quickly and accurately
* The increased use of preventive measures such as antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk patients.
Future Directions:
Future directions for research on bacterial endocarditis may include:
* Investigating the use of novel diagnostic techniques, such as genomics and proteomics, to improve the accuracy of diagnosis
* Developing new antibiotics and combination therapies to improve treatment outcomes
* Exploring alternative preventive measures such as probiotics and immunotherapy.
In conclusion, bacterial endocarditis is a serious infection that can have severe consequences if left untreated. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to improving patient outcomes. Preventive measures such as good oral hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis can help reduce the risk of developing this condition. Ongoing research is focused on improving diagnostic techniques, developing new treatments, and exploring alternative preventive measures.
Types of Dental Pulp Diseases:
1. Pulpal necrosis: This is a condition where the dental pulp becomes damaged or dies due to injury, infection, or exposure to extreme temperatures.
2. Dental abscess: A bacterial infection that can cause pain, swelling, and pus formation in the tooth and surrounding tissues.
3. Periapical granuloma: A non-cancerous inflammatory response to a pulpal or periodontal infection.
4. Periapical cyst: A fluid-filled sac that forms as a result of the inflammatory response to a pulpal or periodontal infection.
5. Radiculitis: Inflammation of the nerves that extend from the tooth into the jawbone and skull, causing pain and swelling.
6. Osteonecrosis: A condition where the jawbone dies due to a lack of blood supply, often caused by a dental infection or trauma.
7. Periodontal disease: A bacterial infection that affects the gums and supporting tissues of the teeth, leading to inflammation and damage to the gum and bone tissues.
Symptoms of Dental Pulp Diseases:
1. Toothache or sensitivity to temperature changes
2. Swelling and redness in the gums and surrounding tissues
3. Pain when chewing or biting
4. Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
5. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck or jaw
6. Fever and general feeling of illness
Treatment Options for Dental Pulp Diseases:
1. Root canal treatment: A procedure to remove the infected dental pulp, clean and disinfect the inside of the tooth, and fill the tooth with a special material.
2. Extraction: Removal of the affected tooth if the infection is severe or if the tooth cannot be saved.
3. Antibiotics: Medication to treat bacterial infections, such as abscesses or periapical infections.
4. Pain management: Over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage toothache pain and inflammation.
5. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair damaged tissues.
Prevention of Dental Pulp Diseases:
1. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings to catch any problems early on and prevent infections from developing.
2. Good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and flossing once a day, to remove plaque and bacteria from the teeth.
3. Avoid sugary or acidic foods and drinks that can damage the teeth and lead to infections.
4. Wear a mouthguard when participating in sports to protect the teeth from injury.
5. Avoid smoking and using tobacco products, which can increase the risk of dental pulp diseases.
Early diagnosis and treatment of dental pulp diseases are crucial to preventing more severe complications and preserving the affected tooth. If you suspect that you have a dental pulp disease, it is essential to visit a dentist as soon as possible for proper evaluation and treatment.
There are two main types of pulpitis:
1. Reversible pulpitis: This type of pulpitis is reversible and can be treated with conservative measures such as a filling or a root canal. The inflammation and infection in the pulp tissue can resolve with proper treatment, and the tooth can survive.
2. Irreversible pulpitis: This type of pulpitis is irreversible and cannot be treated with conservative measures. The inflammation and infection in the pulp tissue are severe and have damaged the pulp beyond repair. In this case, the only option is to extract the tooth.
Symptoms of pulpitis may include:
* Sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks
* Pain when biting or chewing
* Swelling and tenderness in the affected gum tissue
* Discoloration of the tooth
If left untreated, pulpitis can lead to more severe conditions such as an abscess or bacterial endocarditis, which can have serious consequences. Therefore, it is essential to seek professional dental care if symptoms of pulpitis are present. A dentist will perform a thorough examination and may take X-rays to determine the extent of the damage and recommend appropriate treatment.
Treatment options for pulpitis depend on the severity of the condition and may include:
* Conservative measures such as fillings or crowns to address any underlying decay or structural issues
* Root canal therapy to remove the infected pulp tissue and preserve the tooth
* Extraction of the affected tooth if the damage is too severe or if the tooth cannot be saved.
In medicine, cross-infection refers to the transmission of an infectious agent from one individual or source to another, often through direct contact or indirect exposure. This type of transmission can occur in various settings, such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities, where patients with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to infection.
Cross-infection can occur through a variety of means, including:
1. Person-to-person contact: Direct contact with an infected individual, such as touching, hugging, or shaking hands.
2. Contaminated surfaces and objects: Touching contaminated surfaces or objects that have been touched by an infected individual, such as doorknobs, furniture, or medical equipment.
3. Airborne transmission: Inhaling droplets or aerosolized particles that contain the infectious agent, such as during coughing or sneezing.
4. Contaminated food and water: Consuming food or drinks that have been handled by an infected individual or contaminated with the infectious agent.
5. Insect vectors: Mosquitoes, ticks, or other insects can transmit infections through their bites.
Cross-infection is a significant concern in healthcare settings, as it can lead to outbreaks of nosocomial infections (infections acquired in hospitals) and can spread rapidly among patients, healthcare workers, and visitors. To prevent cross-infection, healthcare providers use strict infection control measures, such as wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, and implementing isolation precautions for infected individuals.
In summary, cross-infection refers to the transmission of an infectious agent from one individual or source to another, often through direct contact or indirect exposure in healthcare settings. Preventing cross-infection is essential to maintaining a safe and healthy environment for patients, healthcare workers, and visitors.
Symptoms of periapical periodontitis may include:
* Pain or tenderness in the affected tooth
* Swelling and redness in the gum tissue
* Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
* Discharge of pus from the affected tooth
Periapical periodontitis is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination and diagnostic tests such as radiographs (x-rays) or dental scans. Treatment may involve antibiotics, a root canal, or extraction of the affected tooth, depending on the severity of the infection and the extent of damage to the pulp and surrounding tissues.
Bacteremia can occur when bacteria enter the bloodstream through various means, such as:
* Infected wounds or surgical sites
* Injecting drug use
* Skin infections
* Respiratory tract infections
* Urinary tract infections
* Endocarditis (infection of the heart valves)
The symptoms of bacteremia can vary depending on the type of bacteria and the severity of the infection. Some common symptoms include:
* Fever
* Chills
* Headache
* Muscle aches
* Weakness
* Confusion
* Shortness of breath
Bacteremia is diagnosed by blood cultures, which involve collecting blood samples and inserting them into a specialized container to grow the bacteria. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care, such as intravenous fluids and oxygen therapy. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the infection.
Prevention measures for bacteremia include:
* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly
* Avoiding sharing personal items like toothbrushes or razors
* Properly cleaning and covering wounds
* Getting vaccinated against infections that can lead to bacteremia
* Following proper sterilization techniques during medical procedures
Overall, bacteremia is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications and ensure effective treatment.
Symptoms of a UTI can include:
* Painful urination
* Frequent urination
* Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
* Blood in the urine
* Pelvic pain in women
* Rectal pain in men
If you suspect that you have a UTI, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. UTIs can lead to more serious complications if left untreated, such as kidney damage or sepsis.
Treatment for a UTI typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection. It is important to complete the full course of treatment to ensure that the infection is completely cleared. Drinking plenty of water and taking over-the-counter pain relievers may also help alleviate symptoms.
Preventive measures for UTIs include:
* Practicing good hygiene, such as wiping from front to back and washing hands after using the bathroom
* Urinating when you feel the need, rather than holding it in
* Avoiding certain foods that may irritate the bladder, such as spicy or acidic foods
* Drinking plenty of water to help flush bacteria out of the urinary tract.
Some common examples of bacterial infections include:
1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
2. Respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis
3. Skin infections such as cellulitis and abscesses
4. Bone and joint infections such as osteomyelitis
5. Infected wounds or burns
6. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea
7. Food poisoning caused by bacteria such as salmonella and E. coli.
In severe cases, bacterial infections can lead to life-threatening complications such as sepsis or blood poisoning. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help prevent these complications and ensure a full recovery.
Endophthalmitis can be classified into several types based on its causes, such as:
1. Postoperative endophthalmitis: This type of endophthalmitis occurs after cataract surgery or other intraocular surgeries. It is caused by bacterial infection that enters the eye through the surgical incision.
2. Endogenous endophthalmitis: This type of endophthalmitis is caused by an infection that originates within the eye, such as from a retinal detachment or uveitis.
3. Exogenous endophthalmitis: This type of endophthalmitis is caused by an infection that enters the eye from outside, such as from a penetrating injury or a foreign object in the eye.
The symptoms of endophthalmitis can include:
1. Severe pain in the eye
2. Redness and swelling of the conjunctiva
3. Difficulty seeing or blind spots in the visual field
4. Sensitivity to light
5. Increased sensitivity to touch or pressure on the eye
6. Fever and chills
7. Swollen lymph nodes
8. Enlarged pupil
9. Clouding of the vitreous humor
If you suspect that you or someone else has endophthalmitis, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent vision loss. Treatment options for endophthalmitis may include antibiotics, vitrectomy (removal of the vitreous humor), and in some cases, removal of the affected eye.
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus
Frederick William Andrewes
Dp-1 holin family
Sortase
Streptococcus
Preening
Mezlocillin
D-alanine-D-serine ligase
Pyelonephritis
C1orf131
Beach advisory
Gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone
Root canal treatment
Bacterial microcompartment
Cobalamin riboswitch
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
LysM domain
Lancefield grouping
Par stability determinant
List of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Linezolid
List of sequenced bacterial genomes
Virola elongata
Imipenem
Willis A. Wood
Dalbavancin
Alastair J Sloan
Hemolysis (microbiology)
Oritavancin
Sodium hypochlorite
Dracaena mannii
Lipoteichoic acid
Bacteriocin IId
Calcium lactate
Piperacillin
Aristolochia paucinervis
Vancomycin
Acetylcysteine
Eravacycline
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Enterococcus faecium
Lysin
Perspiration
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Enterococcus malodoratus
Fatty acid synthesis
Clausena anisata
Tofazzal Islam
D-alanine-(R)-lactate ligase
Anti-Q RNA
Ceftobiprole
Vancomycin-dependent Enterococcus faecalis - PubMed
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in Serbia - Volume 10, Number 1-January 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal ...
SCOP 1.73: Species: Enterococcus faecalis [TaxId: 1351]
Serine/threonine transporter SstT (Enterococcus faecalis V583) | Protein Target - PubChem
RCSB PDB - 2O0M: The crystal structure of the putative SorC family transcriptional regulator from Enterococcus faecalis
A reference map of the membrane proteome of Enterococcus faecalis - PubMed
Antibacterial Efficacy of Calcium Hypochlorite with Vibringe Sonic Irrigation System on Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study
Enterococcus faecalis epitopes - Immune Epitope Database (IEDB)
PDB-2f02: Crystal Structure of LacC from Enterococcus Faecalis in complex w... - Yorodumi
Identification of Enterococcus faecalis in a patient with urinary-tract infection based on metagenomic next-generation...
Antidepressant effects of Enterococcus faecalis 2001 through the regulation of prefrontal cortical myelination via the...
EP 0981625 A2 20000301 - $i(ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS) POLYNUCLEOTIDES AND POLYPEPTIDES
Horizontal transfer of tet(M) and erm(B) resistance plasmids from food strains of Lactobacillus plantarum to Enterococcus...
Effect of the additional cysteine 503 of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (V583) alkylhydroperoxide reductase subunit...
Enterococcus Faecalis Powder Archives
enterococcus faecalis
Datapunk Opus 23: Enterococcus faecalis
Treatment of |i|Enterococcus faecalis|/i| Infective Endocarditis: A Continuing Challenge. | Antibiotics (Basel);12(4)2023 Apr...
Antimicrobial in vitro activity of a propolis suspension against Enterococcus faecalis
i|Enterococcus faecalis|/i| - Wiley Online Library
Synthesis of Peptidoglycan Fragments from Enterococcus faecalis with Fmoc-Strategy for Glycan Elongation - Fingerprint -...
Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks - United States, 2009-2010
Winter 2021 - Volume 15 - Issue 1 : Retinal Cases and Brief Reports
Enterococcus faecalis (clindamycin-intermediate-susceptible) | The Antimicrobial Index Knowledgebase - TOKU-E
Endocarditis and biofilm-associated pili of Enterococcus faecalis. - Texas A&M University (TAMU) Scholar
Enterococcus faecalis: An unusual cause of meningitis in HIV-infected patients<...
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Bacterial Pneumonia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Co-transfer of vanA and aggregation substance genes from Enterococcus faecalis isolates in intra- and interspecies matings
Antibacterial efficacy of 6% green tea extract and 2% chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis biofilm in vitro<...
Faecium3
- Comparative evaluation of penicillin, ampicillin, and imipenem MICs and susceptibility breakpoints for vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. (nih.gov)
- The development of multi- drug resistant strains of Enterococcus faecium is a matter of considerable concern due to its probable spread to E. faecalis and have necessitated the search of new guidelines with the combination of daptomycin , fosfomycin or tigecycline . (bvsalud.org)
- METHODS: Six vanA clumping-positive E. faecalis isolates (five human and one food sample) carrying one or more AS genes (prgB, asa1, asa373) were analysed for co-transfer of vanA and AS genes to E. faecalis JH2-2 and Enterococcus faecium 64/3. (univpm.it)
ATCC4
- Objective: the objective of this study is to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of 5% and 10% propolis suspension against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). (bvsalud.org)
- Methods: E. faecalis strain ATCC 29212 colonies were collected from overnight cultures grown on brain-heart infusion agar (BHIA) and resuspended at 108 CFU/ml according to a 0.5 McFarland standard. (ui.ac.id)
- AIMS: The tyraminogenic potential of the strains Enterococcus faecalis EF37 and ATCC 29212 was investigated in a synthetic medium containing defined amounts of tyrosine and phenylalanine at different temperatures. (univr.it)
- Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) e Candida albicans (ATCC antimicrobiana sobre os microrganismos estudados. (bvs.br)
Antimicrobial5
- This solution is normally used for industrial sterilization and water purification treatments [ 11 ] and there is a unique study in the literature evaluating the antimicrobial potential of this solution against E. faecalis in root canals [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Enterococci are partially resistant to many commonly used antimicrobial agents such as penicillin and ampicillin , as well as high-level resistance to most cephalosporins and sometimes carbapenems , because of low-affinity penicillin-binding proteins , that lead to an unacceptable number of therapeutic failures with monotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusion: The propolis extract suspension at 5% and 10% in propylene glycol did not present antimicrobial activity in vitro against Enterococcus faecalis. (bvsalud.org)
- To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the occurrence, concentration, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of VRE and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci at three U.S. spray irrigation sites that use reclaimed water. (cdc.gov)
- however, resistance to other antimicrobial classes is more prevalent, particularly among non-E. faecalis isolates. (cdc.gov)
Staphylococcus2
- While 77.0% and 69.9% correctly identified Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Citrobacter freundii respectively, only 29.8% correctly identified Acinetobacter baumanii, 25.3% identified Enterococcus faecalis and 35.6% identified Enterobacter agglomerans. (who.int)
- Alors que 77,0 % et 69,9 % des laboratoires ont identifié correctement Staphylococcus saprophyticus et Citrobacter freundii respectivement, seuls 29,8 % ont identifié correctement Acinetobacter baumanii, 25,3 % ont identifié Enterococcus faecalis et 35,6 % ont identifié Enterobacter agglomerans. (who.int)
Antibiotic resistance2
- To our knowledge, this is the first study showing in vivo transfer of wild-type antibiotic resistance plasmids from L. plantarum to E. faecalis. (dtu.dk)
- Like other species in the genus Enterococcus, E. faecalis can cause life-threatening infections in humans, especially in the nosocomial (hospital) environment, where the naturally high levels of antibiotic resistance found in E. faecalis contribute to its pathogenicity. (datapunk.net)
Isolates5
- No epidemiologic relations were established among the VanA isolates, and only 2 out of 18 isolates (11%) were identified as E. faecalis ( 3 ) . (cdc.gov)
- The susceptibility of 191 isolates of enterococci to vancomycin was tested by agar dilution method according to NCCLS recommendations. (cdc.gov)
- OBJECTIVES: The study was undertaken to investigate vancomycin-resistant (vanA) Enterococcus faecalis isolates carrying aggregation substance (AS) gene(s) for their ability to co-transfer vanA and AS genes. (univpm.it)
- RESULTS: E. faecalis isolates harboured one or multiple plasmids carrying vanA, one or more AS gene(s) or both. (univpm.it)
- CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that co-transfer of vanA and AS genes may be a common feature of E. faecalis isolates. (univpm.it)
Vancomycin10
- E. faecalis vancomycin-sensitive enterococcal bacteremia unresponsive to a vancomycin tolerant strain successfully treated with high-dose daptomycin. (nih.gov)
- Bacteremia caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. (nih.gov)
- First isolated in France ( 1 ) , vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become pathogens of major importance, particularly in the United States ( 2 ) . (cdc.gov)
- We report the first isolation of high-level vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in Serbia. (cdc.gov)
- The vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis alkyl hydroperoxide reductase complex (AhpR) with its subunits AhpC (EfAhpC) and AhpF (EfAhpF) is of paramount importance to restore redox homeostasis. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible Enterococcus spp. (cdc.gov)
- In particular, no previous studies have evaluated the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in reclaimed water used at spray irrigation sites in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- Since 1989, a rapid increase in the incidence of infection and colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has been reported by U.S. hospitals. (cdc.gov)
- From 1989 through 1993, the percentage of nosocomial enterococcal infections reported to CDC's National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system that were caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) increased from 0.3% to 7.9% (1). (cdc.gov)
- Vancomycin resistance in enterococci has coincided with the increasing incidence of high-level enterococcal resistance to penicillin and aminoglycosides, thus presenting a challenge for physicians who treat patients who have infections caused by these microorganisms (1,4). (cdc.gov)
Candida1
- Desta forma, recai sobre o material obturador, na, sobre o Enterococcus faecalis e a Candida albicans . (bvs.br)
Streptococcus1
- Enterococcus faecalis - formerly classified as part of the group D Streptococcus system - is a Gram-positive, commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other mammals. (datapunk.net)
Abstract1
- abstract = "A case of a severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected man with meningitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis is presented. (elsevierpure.com)
Vitro1
- The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of calcium hypochlorite (Ca[OCl] 2 ) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with sonic (Vibringe) irrigation system in root canals which were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis . (hindawi.com)
Strain2
Microorganisms2
- Enterococcus faecalis is one of these microorganisms and has the ability to penetrate as far as 250 μ m into the dentinal tubules, which provides showing resistance to irrigation solutions usually used during the instrumentation of root canals [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
- However, recent reports of outbreaks and endemic infections caused by enterococci, including VRE, have indicated that patient-to-patient transmission of the microorganisms can occur either through direct contact or through indirect contact via a) the hands of personnel or b) contaminated patient-care equipment or environmental surfaces. (cdc.gov)
20012
- Antidepressant effects of Enterococcus faecalis 2001 through the regulation of prefrontal cortical myelination via the enhancement of CREB/BDNF and NF-κB p65/LIF/STAT3 pathways in olfactory bulbectomized mice. (physiciansweekly.com)
- In our previous study, we demonstrated that Enterococcus faecalis 2001 (EF-2001) prevents colitis-induced depressive-like behavior through the gut-brain axis in mice. (physiciansweekly.com)
Endocarditis6
- Treatment of Enterococcus faecalis Infective Endocarditis: A Continuing Challenge. (bvsalud.org)
- Today, Enterococcus faecalis is one of the main causes of infective endocarditis in the world, generally affecting an elderly and fragile population , with a high mortality rate. (bvsalud.org)
- Endocarditis and biofilm-associated pili of Enterococcus faecalis. (tamu.edu)
- Increasing multidrug resistance in Enterococcus faecalis, a nosocomial opportunist and common cause of bacterial endocarditis, emphasizes the need for alternative therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy or immunoprophylaxis. (tamu.edu)
- These biologically important surface pili, which are antigenic in humans during endocarditis and encoded by a ubiquitous E. faecalis operon, may be a useful immunotarget for studies aimed at prevention and/or treatment of this pathogen. (tamu.edu)
- Pilin and Sortase Residues Critical for Endocarditis- and Biofilm-Associated Pilus Biogenesis in Enterococcus faecalis. (wustl.edu)
Biogenic1
- METHODS AND RESULTS: Enterococci growth and the production of biogenic amines (BA) were evaluated in relation to their pre-growth in medium containing tyrosine. (univr.it)
Nosocomial1
- The enterococci are among the most frequent causes of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units, and present a major therapeutic challenge ( 2 ) . (cdc.gov)
Biofilm2
Concentrations2
- Enterococci survive very harsh environments including extremely alkaline pH (9.6) and salt concentrations. (datapunk.net)
- however, subsequent storage in an open-air pond at this site resulted in increased concentrations of enterococci. (cdc.gov)
Proteins1
- In addition, immunogold electron microscopy using antisera against EbpA-EbpC proteins as well as patient serum demonstrated that E. faecalis produces pleomorphic surface pili. (tamu.edu)
Urine1
- Traditional culture and serological testing produced negative results, while the mNGS assay revealed the presence of a potential pathogen, Enterococcus faecalis , in the urine specimen, which was further confirmed by both Sanger sequencing and qPCR analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequences1
- WO9850555A2 ] The present invention provides polynucleotide sequences of the genome of Enterococcus faecalis, polypeptide sequences encoded by the polynucleotide sequences, corresponding polynucleotides and polypeptides, vectors and hosts comprising the polynucleotides, and assays and other uses thereof. (epo.org)
Species1
- Enterococcus faecalis was the most common species identified. (cdc.gov)
Irrigation2
- Both conventional syringe irrigation and sonic irrigation were found effective at removing E. faecalis from the root canal of extracted human teeth. (hindawi.com)
- Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of sonic and syringe irrigation of NaOCl and Ca(OCl) 2 on Enterococcus faecalis in extracted human teeth. (hindawi.com)
Root3
- The root canals of 84 single-rooted premolars were enlarged up to a file 40, autoclaved, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis , and incubated for 21 days. (hindawi.com)
- E. faecalis has been frequently found in root canal-treated teeth in prevalence values ranging from 30% to 90% of the cases. (datapunk.net)
- Root canal-treated teeth are about nine times more likely to harbor E. faecalis than cases of primary infections. (datapunk.net)
Crystal Structure1
- PDB-2f02: Crystal Structure of LacC from Enterococcus Faecalis in complex w. (pdbj.org)
Membrane3
- In this study, we have fractionated the membrane proteome of E. faecalis and identified many of its constituents by mass spectrometry. (nih.gov)
- This study is a first step toward elucidating the membrane proteome of E. faecalis, which is critical for a better understanding of how this bacterium interacts with a host and with the extracellular milieu. (nih.gov)
- Samples were analyzed for total enterococci and VRE using standard membrane filtration. (cdc.gov)
Gastrointestinal1
- Because enterococci can be found in the normal gastrointestinal and female genital tracts, most enterococcal infections have been attributed to endogenous sources within the individual patient. (cdc.gov)
Regulation1
- SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study gives deeper insight into the metabolic regulation of tyrDC activity of enterococci. (univr.it)
Humans1
- Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive bacterium that is part of the indigenous microbiotica of humans and animals as well as an opportunistic pathogen. (nih.gov)
Effect1
- Here, using mutagenesis and enzymatic studies, we reveal the effect of an additional third cysteine (C503) in EfAhpF, which might optimize the functional adaptation of the E. faecalis enzyme under various physiological conditions. (ntu.edu.sg)
Treatment1
- E faecalis is a distinctly unusual cause of bacterial meningitis in patients with HIV infection and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of purulent meningitis in such patients to ensure optimal empiric treatment. (elsevierpure.com)