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Enterococcus faecalisEnterococcusEnterococcus faeciumGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsVancomycin ResistanceCarbon-Oxygen LigasesVancomycinAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsBacterial ProteinsGram-Positive BacteriaDrug Resistance, MicrobialAmpicillin ResistanceConjugation, GeneticBacteriocinsDNA, BacterialTeicoplaninGentamicinsVirginiamycinOxazolidinonesAcetamidesGram-Positive CocciDrug Resistance, BacterialStreptococcusElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldMolecular Sequence DataEndocarditis, BacterialGenes, BacterialGlycopeptidesBacterial Typing TechniquesDaptomycinPheromonesLactococcusSequence Analysis, DNAPlasmidsCross InfectionBacteriaStreptococcaceaeDNA Transposable ElementsAmpicillinFecesCheeseColony Count, MicrobialBiofilmsAnti-Infective AgentsGram-Negative BacteriaPolymerase Chain ReactionBacteremiaGene Expression Regulation, BacterialStreptograminsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SAminoglycosidesBase SequenceStaphylococcus aureusBacterial AdhesionPeptide SynthasesAmino Acid SequenceTetracycline ResistanceFood MicrobiologyStreptogramin AMuramoylpentapeptide CarboxypeptidaseRoot Canal IrrigantsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialDental Pulp CavityVirulence FactorsPenicillin-Binding ProteinsLactobacillusGelatinasesPhylogenyPeptidoglycanPeptidyl TransferasesDNA, RibosomalCulture MediaBathing BeachesSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidaseBacterial LoadVirulenceSex AttractantsHexosyltransferasesMicrobial ViabilityUrinary Tract InfectionsPenicillinsRNA, BacterialGene Transfer, HorizontalFluoroquinolonesBacteriological TechniquesStaphylococcusMultilocus Sequence TypingMultigene FamilySodium HypochloriteErythromycinOperonBacterial InfectionsProbioticsNucleic Acid HybridizationEscherichia coliDental Pulp DiseasesPoultryMinocyclineGastrointestinal TractDNA FingerprintingAntibiosisPeritonitisDisk Diffusion Antimicrobial TestsGenome, BacterialListeriaStreptomycinBacteria, AerobicBacitracinPhenotypeMutagenesis, InsertionalChlorhexidinePulpitisCephalosporinsChromosomes, BacterialSpecies SpecificityChickensAnti-Infective Agents, LocalTyrosine DecarboxylaseNaphthyridinesRNA, Ribosomal, 23SPeriapical PeriodontitisStreptococcal InfectionsCalcium HydroxideMolecular EpidemiologyUridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic AcidCloning, MolecularFermentationEnterobacteriaceaeBacteriolysisLactococcus lactisLactobacillaceaeAgarWater PollutionMutationN-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine AmidaseDrug Therapy, CombinationWater MicrobiologyHospitalsAcetoinTylosinGenotypeSerum Bactericidal TestCiprofloxacinAdhesins, BacterialLincosamidesGenes, rRNAInfection ControlSequence Homology, Amino AcidBridged CompoundsQuinolonesCell WallOpen Reading FramesEndocarditisCluster AnalysisEvaluation Studies as TopicEndophthalmitisPenicillin ResistanceBacteria, AnaerobicPotassium-Hydrogen AntiportersImipenemChromogenic CompoundsRoot Canal Filling MaterialsPoultry ProductsAminoacyltransferasesGene OrderNisinGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsIntestinesWater Quality
Enterococcus faecalis: A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens and the human intestinal tract. Most strains are nonhemolytic.Enterococcus: A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria consisting of organisms causing variable hemolysis that are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS, it is now recognized as a separate genus.Enterococcus faecium: A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Unlike ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS, this species may produce an alpha-hemolytic reaction on blood agar and is unable to utilize pyruvic acid as an energy source.Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections: Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.Vancomycin Resistance: Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of VANCOMYCIN, an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis.Carbon-Oxygen Ligases: Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-oxygen bond. EC 6.1.Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.Anti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.Microbial Sensitivity Tests: Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Gram-Positive Bacteria: Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.Drug Resistance, Microbial: The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Ampicillin Resistance: Nonsusceptibility of a microbe to the action of ampicillin, a penicillin derivative that interferes with cell wall synthesis.Conjugation, Genetic: A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.Bacteriocins: Substances elaborated by specific strains of bacteria that are lethal against other strains of the same or related species. They are protein or lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes used in taxonomy studies of bacteria.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Teicoplanin: Glycopeptide antibiotic complex from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety.Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.Acetamides: Derivatives of acetamide that are used as solvents, as mild irritants, and in organic synthesis.Gram-Positive Cocci: Coccus-shaped bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.Drug Resistance, Bacterial: The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Streptococcus: A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment.Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field: Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Endocarditis, Bacterial: Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.Genes, Bacterial: The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.Glycopeptides: Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.Bacterial Typing Techniques: Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.Daptomycin: A cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that inhibits GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA.Pheromones: Chemical substances, excreted by an organism into the environment, that elicit behavioral or physiological responses from other organisms of the same species. Perception of these chemical signals may be olfactory or by contact.Lactococcus: A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria mainly isolated from milk and milk products. These bacteria are also found in plants and nonsterile frozen and dry foods. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS (group N), it is now recognized as a separate genus.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Plasmids: Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.Cross Infection: Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.Bacteria: One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.Streptococcaceae: A family of gram-positive non-sporing bacteria including many parasitic, pathogenic, and saprophytic forms.DNA Transposable Elements: Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Cheese: A nutritious food consisting primarily of the curd or the semisolid substance formed when milk coagulates.Colony Count, Microbial: Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.Biofilms: Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.Anti-Infective Agents: Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.Gram-Negative Bacteria: Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by Gram's method.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Bacteremia: The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.Streptogramins: A class of natural cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by certain subspecies of STREPTOMYCES. They include two structurally unrelated components, STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP A and STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP B, which generally act synergistically to inhibit bacterial growth.RNA, Ribosomal, 16S: Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.Aminoglycosides: Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Staphylococcus aureus: Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.Bacterial Adhesion: Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.Peptide Synthases: Ligases that catalyze the joining of adjacent AMINO ACIDS by the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds between their carboxylic acid groups and amine groups.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Tetracycline Resistance: Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of TETRACYCLINE which inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit during protein synthesis.Food Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.Streptogramin A: A specific streptogramin group A antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria.Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase: Enzyme which catalyzes the peptide cross-linking of nascent CELL WALL; PEPTIDOGLYCAN.Root Canal Irrigants: Chemicals used mainly to disinfect root canals after pulpectomy and before obturation. The major ones are camphorated monochlorophenol, EDTA, formocresol, hydrogen peroxide, metacresylacetate, and sodium hypochlorite. Root canal irrigants include also rinsing solutions of distilled water, sodium chloride, etc.Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial: The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Dental Pulp Cavity: The space in a tooth bounded by the dentin and containing the dental pulp. The portion of the cavity within the crown of the tooth is the pulp chamber; the portion within the root is the pulp canal or root canal.Virulence Factors: Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)Penicillin-Binding Proteins: Bacterial proteins that share the property of binding irreversibly to PENICILLINS and other ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS derived from LACTAMS. The penicillin-binding proteins are primarily enzymes involved in CELL WALL biosynthesis including MURAMOYLPENTAPEPTIDE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; PEPTIDE SYNTHASES; TRANSPEPTIDASES; and HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES.Lactobacillus: A genus of gram-positive, microaerophilic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring widely in nature. Its species are also part of the many normal flora of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of many mammals, including humans. Pathogenicity from this genus is rare.Gelatinases: A class of enzymes that catalyzes the degradation of gelatin by acting on the peptide bonds. EC 3.4.24.-.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.PeptidoglycanPeptidyl Transferases: Acyltransferases that use AMINO ACYL TRNA as the amino acid donor in formation of a peptide bond. There are ribosomal and non-ribosomal peptidyltransferases.DNA, Ribosomal: DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.Culture Media: Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.Bathing Beaches: Beaches, both natural and man-made, used for bathing and other activities.Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase: A carboxypeptidase that is specific for proteins that contain two ALANINE residues on their C-terminal. Enzymes in this class play an important role in bacterial CELL WALL biosynthesis.Bacterial Load: Measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, organism, or organism compartment.Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.Sex Attractants: Pheromones that elicit sexual attraction or mating behavior usually in members of the opposite sex in the same species.Hexosyltransferases: Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of hexose groups. EC 2.4.1.-.Microbial Viability: Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.Urinary Tract Infections: Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.Penicillins: A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)RNA, Bacterial: Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.Gene Transfer, Horizontal: The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).Fluoroquinolones: A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.Bacteriological Techniques: Techniques used in studying bacteria.Staphylococcus: A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.Multilocus Sequence Typing: Direct nucleotide sequencing of gene fragments from multiple housekeeping genes for the purpose of phylogenetic analysis, organism identification, and typing of species, strain, serovar, or other distinguishable phylogenetic level.Multigene Family: A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.Operon: In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.Bacterial Infections: Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.Probiotics: Live microbial DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Antibiotics and other related compounds are not included in this definition. In humans, lactobacilli are commonly used as probiotics, either as single species or in mixed culture with other bacteria. Other genera that have been used are bifidobacteria and streptococci. (J. Nutr. 1995;125:1401-12)Nucleic Acid Hybridization: Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Dental Pulp Diseases: Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.Poultry: Domesticated birds raised for food. It typically includes CHICKENS; TURKEYS, DUCKS; GEESE; and others.Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.Gastrointestinal Tract: Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the MOUTH to ANUS, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).DNA Fingerprinting: A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.Antibiosis: A natural association between organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them. This often refers to the production of chemicals by one microorganism that is harmful to another.Peritonitis: INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests: A method where a culturing surface inoculated with microbe is exposed to small disks containing known amounts of a chemical agent resulting in a zone of inhibition (usually in millimeters) of growth of the microbe corresponding to the susceptibility of the strain to the agent.Genome, Bacterial: The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.Listeria: A genus of bacteria which may be found in the feces of animals and man, on vegetation, and in silage. Its species are parasitic on cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals, including man.Streptomycin: An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis.Bacteria, AerobicBacitracin: A complex of cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by the Tracy-I strain of Bacillus subtilis. The commercial preparation is a mixture of at least nine bacitracins with bacitracin A as the major constituent. It is used topically to treat open infections such as infected eczema and infected dermal ulcers. (From Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1140)Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Mutagenesis, Insertional: Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.Pulpitis: Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.Cephalosporins: A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.Chromosomes, Bacterial: Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Chickens: Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.Anti-Infective Agents, Local: Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.Tyrosine Decarboxylase: A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to tyramine and carbon dioxide. The bacterial enzyme also acts on 3-hydroxytyrosine and, more slowly, on 3-hydroxyphenylalanine. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.1.1.25.NaphthyridinesRNA, Ribosomal, 23S: Constituent of 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes containing about 3200 nucleotides. 23S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis.Periapical Periodontitis: Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.Streptococcal Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.Calcium Hydroxide: A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.Molecular Epidemiology: The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Fermentation: Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.Enterobacteriaceae: A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.Bacteriolysis: Rupture of bacterial cells due to mechanical force, chemical action, or the lytic growth of BACTERIOPHAGES.Lactococcus lactis: A non-pathogenic species of LACTOCOCCUS found in DAIRY PRODUCTS and responsible for the souring of MILK and the production of LACTIC ACID.Lactobacillaceae: A family of gram-positive bacteria found regularly in the mouth and intestinal tract of man and other animals, in food and dairy products, and in fermenting vegetable juices. A few species are highly pathogenic.Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.Water Pollution: Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase: An autolytic enzyme bound to the surface of bacterial cell walls. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell wall glycopeptides, particularly peptidoglycan. EC 3.5.1.28.Drug Therapy, Combination: Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.Water Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.Hospitals: Institutions with an organized medical staff which provide medical care to patients.Acetoin: A product of fermentation. It is a component of the butanediol cycle in microorganisms. In mammals it is oxidized to carbon dioxide.Tylosin: Macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Serum Bactericidal Test: Method of measuring the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy. It is used to monitor the therapy in BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; OSTEOMYELITIS and other serious bacterial infections. As commonly performed, the test is a variation of the broth dilution test. This test needs to be distinguished from testing of the naturally occurring BLOOD BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY.Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.Adhesins, Bacterial: Cell-surface components or appendages of bacteria that facilitate adhesion (BACTERIAL ADHESION) to other cells or to inanimate surfaces. Most fimbriae (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) of gram-negative bacteria function as adhesins, but in many cases it is a minor subunit protein at the tip of the fimbriae that is the actual adhesin. In gram-positive bacteria, a protein or polysaccharide surface layer serves as the specific adhesin. What is sometimes called polymeric adhesin (BIOFILMS) is distinct from protein adhesin.Lincosamides: A family of LINCOMYCIN-related glycosides that contain a pyrrolidine ring linked via an amide-bond to a pyranose moiety. Individual members of this family are defined by the arrangement of specific constituent groups on the lyncomycin molecule. Many lincosamides are ANTIBIOTICS produced by a variety STREPTOMYCES species.Genes, rRNA: Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.Infection Control: Programs of disease surveillance, generally within health care facilities, designed to investigate, prevent, and control the spread of infections and their causative microorganisms.Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Bridged Compounds: Cyclic hydrocarbons that contain multiple rings and share one or more atoms.Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.Cell Wall: The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.Open Reading Frames: A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).Endocarditis: Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.Cluster Analysis: A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.Evaluation Studies as Topic: Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.Endophthalmitis: Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.Penicillin Resistance: Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins.Bacteria, AnaerobicPotassium-Hydrogen Antiporters: Membrane proteins that allow the exchange of hydrogen ions for potassium ions across the cellular membrane. The action of these antiporters influences intracellular pH and potassium ion homeostasis.Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.Chromogenic Compounds: Colorless, endogenous or exogenous pigment precursors that may be transformed by biological mechanisms into colored compounds; used in biochemical assays and in diagnosis as indicators, especially in the form of enzyme substrates. Synonym: chromogens (not to be confused with pigment-synthesizing bacteria also called chromogens).Root Canal Filling Materials: Materials placed inside a root canal for the purpose of obturating or sealing it. The materials may be gutta-percha, silver cones, paste mixtures, or other substances. (Dorland, 28th ed, p631 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p187)Poultry Products: Food products manufactured from poultry.Aminoacyltransferases: Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an aminoacyl group from donor to acceptor resulting in the formation of an ester or amide linkage. EC 2.3.2.Gene Order: The sequential location of genes on a chromosome.Nisin: A 34-amino acid polypeptide antibiotic produced by Streptococcus lactis. It has been used as a food preservative in canned fruits and vegetables, and cheese.Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections: Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.Water Quality: A rating of a body of water based on measurable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.

Prodigious substrate specificity of AAC(6')-APH(2"), an aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance determinant in enterococci and staphylococci. (1/1212)

BACKGROUND: High-level gentamicin resistance in enterococci and staphylococci is conferred by AAC(6')-APH(2"), an enzyme with 6'-N-acetyltransferase and 2"-O-phosphotransferase activities. The presence of this enzyme in pathogenic gram-positive bacteria prevents the successful use of gentamicin C and most other aminoglycosides as therapeutic agents. RESULTS: In an effort to understand the mechanism of aminoglycoside modification, we expressed AAC(6')-APH(2") in Bacillus subtilis. The purified enzyme is monomeric with a molecular mass of 57 kDa and displays both the expected aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase and O-phosphotransferase activities. Structure-function analysis with various aminoglycosides substrates reveals an enzyme with broad specificity in both enzymatic activities, accounting for AAC(6')-APH(2")'s dramatic negative impact on clinical aminoglycoside therapy. Both lividomycin A and paromomycin, aminoglycosides lacking a 6'-amino group, were acetylated by AAC(6')-APH(2"). The infrared spectrum of the product of paromomycin acetylation yielded a signal consistent with O-acetylation. Mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the products of neomycin phosphorylation indicated that phosphoryl transfer occurred primarily at the 3'-OH of the 6-aminohexose ring A, and that some diphosphorylated material was also present with phosphates at the 3'-OH and the 3"'-OH of ring D, both unprecedented observations for this enzyme. Furthermore, the phosphorylation site of lividomycin A was determined to be the 5"-OH of the pentose ring C. CONCLUSIONS: The bifunctional AAC(6')-APH(2") has the capacity to inactivate virtually all clinically important aminoglycosides through N- and O-acetylation and phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups. The extremely broad substrate specificity of this enzyme will impact on future development of aminoglycosides and presents a significant challenge for antibiotic design.  (+info)

Ciprofloxacin decreases the rate of ethanol elimination in humans. (2/1212)

BACKGROUND: Extrahepatic ethanol metabolism is postulated to take place via microbial oxidation in the colon, mediated by aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. AIMS: To evaluate the role of microbial ethanol oxidation in the total elimination rate of ethanol in humans by reducing gut flora with ciprofloxacin. METHODS: Ethanol was administered intravenously at the beginning and end of a one week period to eight male volunteers. Between ethanol doses volunteers received 750 mg ciprofloxacin twice daily. RESULTS: A highly significant (p=0.001) reduction in the ethanol elimination rate (EER) was detected after ciprofloxacin medication. Mean (SEM) EER was 107.0 (5.3) and 96.9 (4.8) mg/kg/h before and after ciprofloxacin, respectively. Faecal Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus sp. were totally absent after medication, and faecal acetaldehyde production capacity was significantly (p<0.05) decreased from 0.91 (0.15) to 0.39 (0.08) nmol/min/mg protein. Mean faecal alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was significantly (p<0. 05) decreased after medication, but ciprofloxacin did not inhibit human hepatic ADH activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Ciprofloxacin treatment decreased the ethanol elimination rate by 9.4%, with a concomitant decrease in intestinal aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria, faecal ADH activity, and acetaldehyde production. As ciprofloxacin has no effect on liver blood flow, hepatic ADH activity, or cytochrome CYP2E1 activity, these effects are probably caused by the reduction in intestinal flora.  (+info)

Diperamycin, a new antimicrobial antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus MK393-AF2. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities. (3/1212)

Antibacterial antibiotics, diperamycin (1) was produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus MK393-AF2. Various spectroscopic analyses of 1 suggested that 1 belonged to a member of cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic. Antibiotic 1 had potent inhibitory activity against various Gram-positive bacteria including Enterococcus seriolicida and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.  (+info)

Molecular diversity and evolutionary relationships of Tn1546-like elements in enterococci from humans and animals. (4/1212)

We report on a detailed study on the molecular diversity and evolutionary relationships of Tn1546-like elements in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from humans and animals. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the VanA transposon of 97 VRE revealed seven different Tn1546 types. Subsequent sequencing of the complete VanA transposons of 13 VRE isolates representing the seven RFLP types followed by sequencing of the identified polymorphic regions in 84 other VanA transposons resulted in the identification of 22 different Tn1546 derivatives. Differences between the Tn1546 types included point mutations in orf1, vanS, vanA, vanX, and vanY. Moreover, insertions of an IS1216V-IS3-like element in orf1, of IS1251 in the vanS-vanH intergenic region, and of IS1216V in the vanX-vanY intergenic region were found. The presence of insertion sequence elements was often associated with deletions in Tn1546. Identical Tn1546 types were found among isolates from humans and farm animals in The Netherlands, suggesting the sharing of a common vancomycin resistance gene pool. Application of the genetic analysis of Tn1546 to VRE isolates causing infections in Hospitals in Oxford, United Kingdom, and Chicago, Ill., suggested the possibility of the horizontal transmission of the vancomycin resistance transposon. The genetic diversity in Tn1546 combined with epidemiological data suggest that the DNA polymorphism among Tn1546 variants can successfully be exploited for the tracing of the routes of transmission of vancomycin resistance genes.  (+info)

Transmission dynamics of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in England and Wales. (5/1212)

A simple epidemiological framework for the analysis of the transmission dynamics of hospital outbreaks of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals in England and Wales is presented. Epidemic strains EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 are becoming endemic in hospitals in the United Kingdom, and theory predicts that EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 will reach respective endemic levels of 158 (95% confidence interval [CI], 143-173) and 116 (95% CI, 109-123) affected hospitals with stochastic fluctuations of up to 30 hospitals in each case. An epidemic of VRE is still at an early stage, and the incidence of hospitals newly affected by VRE is growing exponentially at a rate r=0.51/year (95% CI, 0.48-0.54). The likely impact of introducing surveillance policies if action is taken sufficiently early is estimated. Finally, the role of heterogeneity in hospital size is considered: "Super-spreader hospitals" may increase transmission by 40%-132% above the expected mean.  (+info)

The Enterococcus hirae copper chaperone CopZ delivers copper(I) to the CopY repressor. (6/1212)

Expression of the cop operon which effects copper homeostasis in Enterococcus hirae is controlled by the copper responsive repressor CopY. Purified Zn(II)CopY binds to a synthetic cop promoter fragment in vitro. Here we show that the 8 kDa protein CopZ acts as a copper chaperone by specifically delivering copper(I) to Zn(II)CopY and releasing CopY from the DNA. As shown by gel filtration and luminescence spectroscopy, two copper(I) are thereby quantitatively transferred from Cu(I)CopZ to Zn(II)CopY, with displacement of the zinc(II) and transfer of copper from a non-luminescent, exposed, binding site in CopZ to a luminescent, solvent shielded, binding site in CopY.  (+info)

Mutational analysis of active-site residues of the enterococcal D-ala-D-Ala dipeptidase VanX and comparison with Escherichia coli D-ala-D-Ala ligase and D-ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase VanY. (7/1212)

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci are pathogenic bacteria that attenuate antibiotic sensitivity by producing peptidoglycan precursors that terminate in D-Ala-D-lactate rather than D-Ala-D-Ala. A key enzyme in effecting antibiotic resistance is the metallodipeptidase VanX, which reduces the cellular pool of the D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptide. RESULTS: We constructed eleven mutants, using the recently determined VanX structure as a basis, to investigate residue function. Mutating Asp142 or Ser114 showed a large effect principally on KM, consistent with roles in recognition of the D-Ala-D-Ala termini. The drastic reduction or absence of activity in the Arg71 mutants correlates with a role in the stabilization of an anionic tetrahedral transition state. Three residues of the Escherichia coli D-Ala-D-Ala ligase (Ddl), Glu15, Ser 281 and Arg255, are similarly conserved and have equivalent functions with respect to VanX, consistent with a convergent evolution of active sites to bind D-Ala-D-Ala and lower energy barriers for formation of the tetrahedral intermediate and transition states. In the N-acyl-D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase VanY, all active-site residues are conserved (except for the two responsible for recognition of the dipeptide amino terminus). CONCLUSIONS: The mutagenesis results support structure-based functional predictions and explain why the VanX dipeptidase and Ddl ligase show narrow specificity for the D,D-dipeptide substrate. The results reveal that VanX and Ddl, two enzymes that use the same substrate but proceed in opposite directions driven by distinct cofactors (zinc versus ATP), evolved similar architectural solutions to substrate recognition and catalysis acceleration. VanY sequence analysis predicts an active site and mechanism of reaction similar to VanX.  (+info)

Proficiency of clinical laboratories in and near Monterrey, Mexico, to detect vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (8/1212)

Early detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci is important for preventing its spread among hospitalized patients. We surveyed the ability of eight hospital laboratories in and near Monterrey, Mexico, to detect vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus spp. and found that although laboratories can reliably detect high-level vancomycin resistance, many have difficulty detecting low-level resistance.  (+info)

The emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients<...The emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. AU - Satlin, Michael J.. AU - Soave, Rosemary. AU - Racanelli, Alexandra C.. AU - Shore, Tsiporah B.. AU - Van Besien, Koen. AU - Jenkins, Stephen G.. AU - Walsh, Thomas J.. N1 - Funding Information: This study was partially supported by a grant (to M.J.S.) from the Clinical and Translational Science Center at Weill Cornell Medical College (KL2TR000458) and was presented, in part, at IDWeek 2012 ™, 17 - 21 October 2012, Abstract #537.. PY - 2014/12/1. Y1 - 2014/12/1. N2 - As antimicrobial resistance increases, understanding the current epidemiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients is essential to guide empirical antimicrobial therapy. We therefore reviewed microbial etiologies, timing and outcomes of BSIs in patients who were transplanted from September 2007 to December 2011. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci ...
Enterococcus raffinosus Collins et al. ATCC ® 49464™Enterococcus raffinosus Collins et al. ATCC ® 49464™
Enterococcus raffinosus ATCC ® 49464™ Designation: AmMS 239 TypeStrain=False Application: Quality control strain for MicroScan [Reg TM] products
Coloured TEM of Enterococcus sp. bacteria - Stock Image B236/0118 - Science Photo LibraryColoured TEM of Enterococcus sp. bacteria - Stock Image B236/0118 - Science Photo Library
Enterococcus sp. bacteria. Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a section through Enterococcus sp. bacteria. These were formerly grouped with the Streptococcus sp. bacteria. These are oval-shaped cocci, seen here forming two paired groups. They are a normal inhabitant of human and animal intestines, but they may become pathogenic. They are known to cause bacterial endocarditis (infection of the lining of the heart) after surgery, and may infect the urinary tract, wounds and skin ulcers. They are resilient bacteria, and can survive temperatures from 10 to 60 degrees Celsius. Magnification unknown. - Stock Image B236/0118
DNA hybridization and contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis for identification of enterococci to the...DNA hybridization and contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis for identification of enterococci to the...
In this study, 113 Enterococcus faecium, 37 Enterococcus faecalis, 24 Enterococcus gallinarum, 15 Enterococcus raffinosus, and 13 Enterococcus casseliflavus clinical isolates and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains were evaluated by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis. Thirty-one of the E. faecium, 22 of the E. faecalis, 24 of the E. gallinarum, 15 of the E. raffinosus, and 13 of the E. casseliflavus isolates were also evaluated by DNA-DNA hybridization. Genomic DNAs from type strains E. faecalis ATCC 19433, E. faecium ATCC 19434, E. gallinarum ATCC 49573, E. raffinosus ATCC 49427, and E. casseliflavus ATCC 25788 were labeled with biotin for use as probes. E. faecalis differed from all other species in always having a largest fragment of , 400 kb. E. gallinarum was different from all other species in having all SmaI fragments of , 200 kb. Biotin-labeled probes showed a high degree of hybridization with genomic DNA from the same species and a low degree of ...
Phenotypic Diversity of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Enterococci with Emphasis on Enterococcus gallinarum Carrying vanA and...Phenotypic Diversity of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Enterococci with Emphasis on Enterococcus gallinarum Carrying vanA and...
The prevalence and diversity of antibiotic resistant enterococci populations in samples collected four times from urban sewage treatment plant in Tehran, Iran between June 2005 and July 2006 were studied. Filtered samples were grown on mEnterococci medium containing 4 μg/ml vancomycin after which the enterococci isolates were identified to the species level. All strains were then tested for their resistance against nine antibiotics. Of the 131 isolates, 98 (75%) isolates were identified as Enterococcus gallinarum, followed by 24 (18%) and 9 (7%) for E. faecium and E. casseliflavus, respectively. All E. gallinarum isolates carried vanC1 gene with 64 (65%) and 14 (14%) isolates concomitantly harboured either vanA or vanB gene, respectively. Some E. casseliflavus concomitantly harboured vanA and vanC2 or vanB and vanC2. Typing the total enterococci isolates with a high resolution biochemical fingerprinting method showed a high diversity (D i = 0.91). We have shown by biochemical fingerprinting the
Water | Free Full-Text | Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Genotyping of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Collected from an...Water | Free Full-Text | Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Genotyping of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Collected from an...
The distribution characteristics of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and the resistance of enterococcus isolates to various antibiotics were investigated in Yae River, which flows through Miyazaki city, Japan. The prevalence of VRE among specimens collected from the urban river basin using mEI agar was 0.9% (2 of 226 enterococcal isolates). In the 333 enterococcal isolates obtained using mEI agar or vancomycin-supplemented mEI agar, the possession of the vancomycin-resistant genes (vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2/C3) was examined using multiplex PCR analysis. Although VRE possessing vanA and vanB were not detected in any isolates, isolates possessing vanC2/C3 were detected at all sampling sites and on all days. All isolates (101 strains) possessing vanC2/C3 that were obtained on vancomycin-supplemented mEI agar were identified as E. casseliflavus and analyzed for genotypes using pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. These E. casseliflavus isolates revealed them to be genetically highly
Case-case-control study on factors associated with vanB vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible enterococcal...Case-case-control study on factors associated with vanB vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible enterococcal...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Case-case-control study on factors associated with vanB vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible enterococcal bacteraemia. AU - Cheah, Agnes Loo Yee. AU - Peel, Trisha. AU - Howden, Benjamin P. AU - Spelman, Denis. AU - Grayson, M Lindsay. AU - Nation, Roger L. AU - Kong, David CM. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Background: Enterococci are a major cause of healthcare-associated infection. In Australia, vanB vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is the predominant genotype. There are limited data on the factors linked to vanB VRE bacteraemia. This study aimed to identify factors associated with vanB VRE bacteraemia, and compare them with those for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VSE) bacteraemia.Methods: A case-case-control study was performed in two tertiary public hospitals in Victoria, Australia. VRE and VSE bacteraemia cases were compared with controls without evidence of enterococcal bacteraemia, but may have had infections due to other pathogens.Results: All VRE ...
Enterococcus hirae Farrow and Collins ATCC ® 10541D-5™Enterococcus hirae Farrow and Collins ATCC ® 10541D-5™
Enterococcus hirae ATCC ® 10541D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Enterococcus hirae strain FDA M19 TypeStrain=False Application:
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Enterococcus casseliflavus Strains Isolated from the Urine of Healthy Bovine Heifers (Gyr Breed...Draft Genome Sequences of Three Enterococcus casseliflavus Strains Isolated from the Urine of Healthy Bovine Heifers (Gyr Breed...
Enterococcus casseliflavus is a commensal of the intestinal tract of livestock animals, such as cattle, horses, and sheep (1, 2). Antibiotic resistance is prevalent within this species, with isolates from livestock animals being reported as resistant to vancomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, ampicillin, and gentamicin (3-5). Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three strains of E. casseliflavus, strains UFMG-H7, UFMG-H8, and UFMG-H9, which were isolated from urine collected from healthy dairy cattle in Brazil.. Sample collection took place at the Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais State in May 2019 and was previously approved by the Ethics Committee in Animal Experimentation of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil (CEUA/UFMG approval number 40/2019). All of the assays performed were in accordance with relevant guidelines. The heifers sampled were from a herd composed of pure-by-origin Gyr cattle. For sampling, the vulva of the heifer was washed with distilled ...
Sabinet | Molecular characterization of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolates from hematology-oncology patientsSabinet | Molecular characterization of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolates from hematology-oncology patients
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens in many countries with the genotype vanA and vanB being the most important is hospital environment. The objectives of this study is the Molecular characterization of VRE isolated from hematology-oncology patients. Fecal/rectal samples from 50 randomly selected patients together with blood samples from the 11 patients who developed bacteremia. Enterococcal isolates were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing to vancomycin by agar screen method. Vancomycin resistance was confirmed by determining its minimum inhibitory concentration by broth dilution method. Susceptibility of the VRE isolates to different antimicrobials was also determined using the disk diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used to detect vanA and vanB genes among the isolated VRE strains. Fifty enterococcal strains were isolated from the fecal-rectal samples, of which six (12 %) were VRE (3 E. faecium, 2 E. faecalis and one E. gallinarum).
Enterococcal colonization of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit: associated predictors, risk factors and seasonal...Enterococcal colonization of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit: associated predictors, risk factors and seasonal...
During and shortly after birth, newborn infants are colonized with enterococci. This study analyzes predictors for early enterococcal colonization of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit and describes risk factors associated with multidrugresist
The use of an antimicrobial citrus vapour to reduce Enterococcus sp. on salad products.The use of an antimicrobial citrus vapour to reduce Enterococcus sp. on salad products.
Citation: Fisher, K. and Phillips C. (2009). The use of an antimicrobial citrus vapour to reduce Enterococcus sp. on salad products. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 44 (9), pp.1748-1754. ...
A hospital-wide screening programme to control an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a large tertiary hospital in...A hospital-wide screening programme to control an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a large tertiary hospital in...
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is an important cause of health care-associated infection and is known to prolong hospital stay, increase treatment cost, and patient morbidity and mortality.1 2 3 4 5 A VRE carrier was defined as any patient with VRE isolated from a clinical or surveillance specimen. The first case of VRE in Hong Kong was identified at Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH) in 1997.6 In 2010, VRE constituted 0.4% of all Enterococcus isolates. Apart from individual small-scale outbreaks,7 8 VRE had not gained a foothold in Hong Kong. Queen Elizabeth Hospital is the largest public acute general tertiary hospital under the administration of the Hospital Authority (HA) with 1800 beds. There are more than 160 000 admissions with 104 000 in-patients treated annually. A major VRE outbreak occurred in QEH in 2013. There was an abnormal increase in the incidence of VRE carriage in multiple clinical departments compared with baseline. Prior to this outbreak, VRE control measures were ...
Vancomycin-resistant enterococciVancomycin-resistant enterococci
VRE (Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus) is an infection caused by the bacteria Enterococcus which has become resistant to treatment with vancomycin, an antibiotic commonly used to treat this type of infection. Enterococcus is a type of bacteria that is normally found in human intestines (gut) and the female genital tract and is also often found in the environment without causing disease. When it becomes resistant to vancomycin, it is then called vancomycin resistant Enterococcus or VRE. VRE can be present in an individual but not cause symptoms, this is often called colonization of the bacteria. Sometimes however, the VRE bacteria can cause a variety of infections in the urinary tract, the bloodstream or in open wounds on the skin. VRE is spread by simple skin to skin contact or by touching surfaces contaminated with the bacteria. Most VRE infections spread this way in hospitals. VRE cannot be spread through the air by coughing or sneezing. People at risk for VRE infections include those who ...
Daptomycin versus linezolid for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteraemia: implications of daptomycin dose...Daptomycin versus linezolid for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteraemia: implications of daptomycin dose...
臺大位居世界頂尖大學之列，為永久珍藏及向國際展現本校豐碩的研究成果及學術能量，圖書館整合機構典藏（NTUR）與學術庫（AH）不同功能平台，成為臺大學術典藏NTU scholars。期能整合研究能量、促進交流合作、保存學術產出、推廣研究成果。. To permanently archive and promote researcher profiles and scholarly works, Library integrates the services of "NTU Repository" with "Academic Hub" to form NTU Scholars.. ...
Daptomycin versus linezolid for treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia: Systematic review and meta-analysis ...Daptomycin versus linezolid for treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia: Systematic review and meta-analysis ...
臺大位居世界頂尖大學之列，為永久珍藏及向國際展現本校豐碩的研究成果及學術能量，圖書館整合機構典藏（NTUR）與學術庫（AH）不同功能平台，成為臺大學術典藏NTU scholars。期能整合研究能量、促進交流合作、保存學術產出、推廣研究成果。. To permanently archive and promote researcher profiles and scholarly works, Library integrates the services of "NTU Repository" with "Academic Hub" to form NTU Scholars.. ...
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. - PubMed - NCBIVancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Enterococcus - WikipediaEnterococcus - Wikipedia
Enterococcus is a large genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes. Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs (diplococci) or short chains, and are difficult to distinguish from streptococci on physical characteristics alone. Two species are common commensal organisms in the intestines of humans: E. faecalis (90-95%) and E. faecium (5-10%). Rare clusters of infections occur with other species, including E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, and E. raffinosus. Enterococci are facultative anaerobic organisms, i.e., they are capable of cellular respiration in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments. Though they are not capable of forming spores, enterococci are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions: extreme temperature (10-45 °C), pH (4.5-10.0), and high sodium chloride concentrations. Enterococci typically exhibit alpha-hemolysis on sheeps blood agar. Members of the genus Enterococcus (from Greek έντερο, éntero, "intestine" and κοκκος, ...
Identification of subclinical transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus within an intensive care unit in Taiwan. -...Identification of subclinical transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus within an intensive care unit in Taiwan. -...
RESULTS: A total of 66 of the 405 rectal swab surveillance cultures obtained from 46 inpatients were positive for VRE, among which 27 inpatients were culture-positive for VRE on admission to medical ICU, and 19 inpatients were initially culture-negative but converted to culture-positive after admission. All isolates carried vanA gene consisting of 51 Enterococcusgallinarum, 13 Enterococcus faecium, and two Eenterococcus casseliflavus. Of the 51 E. gallinarum isolates, 40 were type ST 341, seven were ST 252, two were ST 78, and two were ST 64. The Enterococcus spp., MLST and PFGE subtypes were almost similar among these two groups of inpatients. Linezolid and tigecycline were most active against VRE in vitro ...
Inhibitory effects of enterococcus strains obtained from a probiotic product on in vitro growth of Salmonella enterica serovar...Inhibitory effects of enterococcus strains obtained from a probiotic product on in vitro growth of Salmonella enterica serovar...
A September abstract in the Journal of Food Protection covers the effects of probiotics on Salmonella strains. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus
Molecular analysis of Tn1546-like elements in vancomycin-resistant Enterococci isolated from patients in Europe shows...Molecular analysis of Tn1546-like elements in vancomycin-resistant Enterococci isolated from patients in Europe shows...
Molecular analysis of Tn1546-like elements in vancomycin-resistant Enterococci isolated from patients in Europe shows geographic transposon type ...
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Infection | Doctors HospitalVancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Infection | Doctors Hospital
Learn more about Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Infection at Doctors Hospital of Augusta DefinitionCausesRisk FactorsSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentPreventionrevision ...
Mutations in Ribosomal Protein L16 and in 23S rRNA in Enterococcus Strains for Which Evernimicin MICs Differ | Antimicrobial...Mutations in Ribosomal Protein L16 and in 23S rRNA in Enterococcus Strains for Which Evernimicin MICs Differ | Antimicrobial...
The mutation encoding the Arg51His change was observed in L16 protein of the strain Z-123 (MIC, 8 μg/ml). To our knowledge, the Arg51His substitution has not been described to date in Enterococcus and also has not been reported as a spontaneous change in any microorganism. Position 51 of protein L16 seems to be important for EVN action. The Arg51His or Arg51Cys changes have been previously obtained by chemical mutagenesis in S. aureus, causing a marked increase in the MIC of EVN (30 or 60 times, respectively) with respect to the wild-type strain (10). In addition, the Arg51Cys change has also been reported in S. pneumoniae mutants obtained by site-directed mutagenesis (3). No predicted amino acid changes in protein L16 were identified in strains Z-68 and Z-37 (EVN MICs, 0.19 and 16 μg/ml, respectively) (Table 2).. Clear single-nucleotide peaks were obtained in all chromatograms when the 23S rRNA amplicons were sequenced, and that suggests the presence of the same sequence in all fragments of ...
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Background Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), mostly Enterococcus faecium, are multidrug-resistant microorganisms that can cause nosocomial infections. VRE has increased throughout many European countries, but data from Switzerland are scarce. Aim The aim of this work was to characterise the epidemiology of enterococcal bacteraemias in Switzerland with a focus on VRE. Methods In this observational study, we retrospectively investigated bacteraemias from 81 healthcare institutions from January 2013 to December 2018 using data from the Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance. Only the first blood isolate with E. faecalis or E. faecium from an individual patient was considered. We analysed the annual incidences of enterococcal bacteraemias and determined the proportion of VRE over time. We also assessed epidemiological factors potentially associated with VRE bacteraemia. Results We identified 5,369 enterococcal bacteraemias, of which 3,196 (59.5%) were due to E. faecalis and 2,173 (40.5%) to E. faecium
Changing trends in MTP at SSG hospital, Baroda-a - captainwhiilee1 funChanging trends in MTP at SSG hospital, Baroda-a - captainwhiilee1 fun
However, too tight retraction of the coronary artery may cause another risk of thrombosis. Metastatic malignant melanoma of the larynx is considered to be extremely rare by most authors. Homozygous Gcn5 null embryos die soon after gastrulation, preventing determination of Gcn5 functions later during development. Psychotropic drug use among women exposed to intimate partner violence: A population-based study. Up-regulation of MMP-9 expression in the proximal tubule could be a new indicator of tubular injury and a predictive factor for the prognosis of renal allograft. Analysis of peptidoglycan precursors in generic cialis walmart vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174. The distribution volume for label is greater in the adventitia than the media, which appears to generic cialis walmart offer a larger resistance. The responses of cells to hepatic ischemia and hypoxia at hepatic ischemia were analyzed by cDNA microarrary representing 4 000 different human genes containing 200 apoptotic ...
The elucidation of the possible mechanism of vancomycin-resistance in selected streptococcal and enterococcal species.The elucidation of the possible mechanism of vancomycin-resistance in selected streptococcal and enterococcal species.
Three Streptococcal strains: S. milleri P213, S. milleri P35 and S. milleri B200 and three enterococcal strains: E. faecalis 123, E. faecalis 126 and E. faecium were used to test for vancomycin resistance. Two strains were used as reference strains that were already characterized as vancomycin resistant. E. faecium BM4147 was used as a VanA control and E. faecalis ATCC was used as a VanB control. Susceptibility of each strain to this antibiotic was tested by disk-diffusion assay and the MIC values for the strains were found to be between 5 - 10 ug/ml and for the VanA control, the MIC was , 64 ug/ml and for the VanB control was 32 ug/ml. These MIC values indicate that S. milleri P213, S. milleri P35, S. milleri B200, E. faecalis 123, E. faecalis 126, and E. faecium are all of the VanC phenotype. All strains were tested for lysis by means of addition of vancomycin (10 ug/ml) to the bacterial cultures. Lytic curves were constructed and the VanB control was found to be most autolytic upon addition ...
Arkanoid Legent: Hong Kong : Cluster of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci cases in Caritas Medical CentreArkanoid Legent: Hong Kong : Cluster of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci cases in Caritas Medical Centre
In accordance with the prevailing Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) screening guidelines, a 73-year-old male patient, admitted for Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease, was recently confirmed to be a VRE carrier. The patient is being treated under isolation and his clinical condition is critical due to his underlying medical illness. The hospital has screened the patients who stayed in the same ward and have close contact with the index patient during the same period, according to guidelines. It was further confirmed that seven male inpatients (aged 68 to 88) are VRE carriers. All the confirmed patients are under medical surveillance and isolation ...
DNA Sequence Variation within vanA, vanB,vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 Genes of ClinicalEnterococcus Isolates | Antimicrobial Agents and...DNA Sequence Variation within vanA, vanB,vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 Genes of ClinicalEnterococcus Isolates | Antimicrobial Agents and...
We have previously described a multiplex PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay which detects and discriminates vanA, vanB,vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 genes inEnterococcus spp. (5). In our original study we noted that in 4 of 63 isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), a PCR product was produced but that it was produced with an amplicon which had RFLPs which differed from those found with the reference vanA, vanB, vanC-1, andvanC-2 strains. We detected sequence variability to account for the unique MspI restriction enzyme patterns observed. Since our assay detected sequence variation only in resistance genes that had variations located at their restriction enzyme sites, we hypothesized that there would be further sequence variation present in the van genes of enterococci. The objective of the present study was to determine the sequence variation of the vanA,vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 genes in VRE.. Thirty-four clinical isolates of Enterococcus spp. were studied (5). The 34 ...
Rev. argent. microbiol. - vol.40 issue4Rev. argent. microbiol. - vol.40 issue4
Endocarditis due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus raffinosus successfully treated with linezolid: case report and review of literature ...
Enterococcus in Blood Cultures Remember 123Enterococcus in Blood Cultures Remember 123
I have recently been in the situation of dealing with a number of blood cultures which have grown the bacteria Enterococcus sp. Whilst not a particularly exciting bacteria, its presence in blood cultures should always be taken seriously. One particular patient had Enterococcus faecalis in 3 sets of blood cultures and was being treated for pneumonia on the basis of a fever and a few crackles in his chest. I went to the ward to review the patient and although a junior later commented that "you always come up with an amazing diagnosis!" it was "The Microbiology" which led to the correct answer, but I took the compliment anyway ...
servis za čišćenje - ŠESTINSKE PRALJEservis za čišćenje - ŠESTINSKE PRALJE
Sustav s 2 spremnika se permanentno može napuniti i omogućuje brzo vrijeme zagrijavanja kao i neprekinuti rad. Također i prikaz temperature pomaže pri tome da se postignu optimalni rezultati čišćenja. Uređaj se univerzalno može primijeniti i čisti posve bez kemikalija. Opsežni paket opreme obuhvaća pored ostalog dvije podne mlaznice (za abrazivno i higijensko čišćenje), integrirano mjesto za odlaganje opreme, integriranu kabelsku kuku kao i držač cijevi u svrhu skladištenja koji štedi prostor. (*Prema prEN 16615, PVC-pod, uređaj: SG 4/4 (podna mlaznica s lamelama, 30 cm/sek., max. parni tlak, min. VapoHydro) Test na klice: Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541). ...
In the newsIn the news
Spread of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus to animals and humans: an underestimated role for the pig farm environment. Novais, Carla; Freitas, Ana R.; Silveira, Eduarda; Antunes, Patrícia; Silva, Ricardo; Coque, Teresa M.; Peixe, Luísa // Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (JAC);Dec2013, Vol. 68 Issue 12, p2746 Objectives The aim of this study was to discover the potential role of the pig farm environment in the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus strains, including high-risk clones, to animals and humans. Methods Enterococcus isolates were recovered from a variety of samples (n = 82;... ...
Welcome to CDC stacks | Characterizing Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in Neonatal Intensive Care - 15843 | Emerging...Welcome to CDC stacks | Characterizing Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in Neonatal Intensive Care - 15843 | Emerging...
Repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting was used to characterize 23 vancomycin-nonsusceptible enterococcal isolates from 2003 to 2004. Five genetically related clusters spanned geographically distinct referring centers. DNA fingerprinting showed infant-to-infant transmission from referring institutions. Thus, community healthcare facilities are a source of vancomycin-nonsusceptible enterococci and should be targeted for increased infection control efforts ...
Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Traits among Multidrug...Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Traits among Multidrug...
The MDR enterococci bacteria are emerging as a leading cause of health-care opportunistic infections in hospitalized patients, mostly the immunocompromised22-25. Consequently, it is important to control and prevent the outbreak of Enterococcus infections by regular identification of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of these bacteria26,27. The current study explored the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. in Cairo, Egypt. Furthermore, the study aimed to find some plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors encoding genes among isolated Enterococcus species and study the correlation between the antimicrobial and virulence factors phenotypes and/or the presence of their corresponding plasmid-carried genes.. In the current study, 50 Enterococcus isolates were recovered from 240 clinical samples representing 20.8% of bacterial isolates during the period of study. This frequency was almost like the frequencies reported in other ...
Changes in antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. Over a few years.Changes in antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. Over a few years.
... , Yeliz Tanriverdi Cayci, Keramettin Yanik, Adil Karadag, Hava Yilmaz, Saban Esen, Murat Gunaydin
West Nipissing General Hospital - Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)West Nipissing General Hospital - Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)
The West Nipissing General Hospital is dedicated to providing health care services that are consistent with the needs of our community.
Typeability of Tn1546-like elements in vancomycin-resistant enterococci using long-range PCRs and specific analysis of...Typeability of Tn1546-like elements in vancomycin-resistant enterococci using long-range PCRs and specific analysis of...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Study Evaluating Antibiotic Use in Reducing Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and ESBL Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella...Study Evaluating Antibiotic Use in Reducing Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and ESBL Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella...
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...
Strategies to Reduce Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Intensive Care Units (STAR*ICU) Trial - Full Text View...Strategies to Reduce Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Intensive Care Units (STAR*ICU) Trial - Full Text View...
This study will determine if rates of colonization and infection with 2 resistant Gram positive bacteria-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) among patients in adult intensive care units (ICUs) are lower in ICUs that use an intensive infection control strategy plus standard care compared to ICUs that use standard care alone. The intensive control strategy involves: 1) identifying patients who are colonized with MRSA or VRE by reporting the results of surveillance cultures of the anterior nares and stool or perianal area; 2) Universal Gloving (use of gloves during interactions with the patient or the patients environment) until the patients are discharged or their surveillance culture results show they are not colonized with MRSA or VRE (whichever happens first); and 3) Contact Precautions (use of gloves and gowns during interactions with the patient or the patients environment) during care of patients who are colonized with MRSA or VRE. ...
SCCWRP - Related PublicationsSCCWRP - Related Publications
0761) Comparison of Enterococcus species diversity in marine water and wastewater using enterolert and EPA method 1600. 2013. DM Ferguson, JF Griffith, CD McGee, SB Weisberg, C Hagedorn. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2013:848049. ABSTRACT ...
State of California | HealthData.govState of California | HealthData.gov
This dataset shows the incidence rates of hospital onset (HO) vancomycin-resistant Enterococci bloodstream infections (VRE BSI) reported by California general acute care hospitals to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National He ...
What are common causes of enterococcus? | Reference.comWhat are common causes of enterococcus? | Reference.com
Common causes of enterococcus infection include patients being infected by hospital workers or others who have not practiced good hygiene such as hand-washing, says the National Institutes of Health....
KAKEN - Researchers | IGARASHI Maki (10623035)KAKEN - Researchers | IGARASHI Maki (10623035)
Affiliation：国立研究開発法人国立成育医療研究センター,細胞医療研究部,(非)研究員, Research Field：Pediatrics,Urology,Human genetics, Keywords：アレイCGH,次世代シークエンス,性分化疾患（DSD）,性分化疾患,NR5A1,次世代シークエンス（NGS）,遺伝子,ゲノム,次世代シークエンサ－,染色体微細構造異常, # of Research Projects：5, # of Research Products：83, Ongoing Project：網羅的遺伝・内分泌解析による尿道形成異常の発症機序の解明
IBM z/VSE V4.1 is generally available, supports z/Architecture, and introduces sub-capacity pricingIBM z/VSE V4.1 is generally available, supports z/Architecture, and introduces sub-capacity pricing
207-003,At a glance z/VSE Version 4 Release 1 (z/VSE V4.1) is built on a heritage of ongoing refinement and innovation that spans four decades. It is designed to help protect and leverage customer investments in VSE information assets, and it supports: IB
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus - WikipediaVancomycin-resistant Enterococcus - Wikipedia
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), are bacterial strains of the genus Enterococcus that are resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin. Six different types of vancomycin resistance are shown by enterococcus: Van-A, Van-B, Van-C, Van-D, Van-E and Van-G. The significance is that Van-A VRE is resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin, Van-B VRE is resistant to vancomycin but susceptible to teicoplanin, and Van-C is only partly resistant to vancomycin The mechanism of resistance to vancomycin found in enterococcus involves the alteration of the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway. The D-alanyl-D-lactate variation results in the loss of one hydrogen-bonding interaction (four, as opposed to five for D-alanyl-D-alanine) being possible between vancomycin and the peptide. The D-alanyl-D-serine variation causes a six-fold loss of affinity between vancomycin and the peptide, likely due to steric hindrance. Once the individual has VRE, it is important to ascertain which ...
Low faecal carrier rate of vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norwegian hospital patients. | Base documentaire | BDSPLow faecal carrier rate of vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norwegian hospital patients. | Base documentaire | BDSP
The faecal carrier rate of vancomycin resistant enterococci VRE was surveyed among 616 patients in selected departments of 7 Norwegian hospitals. One Enterococcus gallinarum isolate harbouring a vanB2 element was recovered from a child with malignant disease treated with vancomycin and ceftazidime. No vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis...
Vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-sensitive enterococcal bacteremia: A comparison of clinical features and outcomes<...Vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-sensitive enterococcal bacteremia: A comparison of clinical features and outcomes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-sensitive enterococcal bacteremia. T2 - A comparison of clinical features and outcomes. AU - Lucas, G.. AU - Lechtzin, N.. AU - Puryear, W.. AU - Yau, L.. AU - Moore, R. D.. PY - 1997/12/1. Y1 - 1997/12/1. N2 - Multidrug-resistant enterococcus is emerging as a major nosocomial threat in the 1990s. In 1993, 14% of enterococcal isolates from intensive care units were resistant to vancomycin (VRE). Infections caused by such isolates are often unbeatable with commonly employed antibiotics. The goal of our study was to elucidate risk factors for the development of VRE bacteremia and to better understand the morbidity and mortality associated with VRE. Chart reviews were performed on 93 hospitalized patients who acquired VRE bacteremia between 1991 and 1996. Identical data points were recorded from 101 control patients with vancomycin-sensitive enterococcal (VSE) bacteremia hospitalized during the same period. In comparison with VSE, VRE patients ...
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) - North Kansas City Hospital, Kansas City, MOVancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) - North Kansas City Hospital, Kansas City, MO
VRE, like many bacteria, can be spread from one person to another through casual contact or through contaminated objects. Most often, VRE infections are spread from the hands of health care workers to a patient in a hospital or other facility such as a nursing home. VRE infections are not usually spread through the air like the common cold or flu virus unless you have VRE pneumonia and are coughing, which is rare.. If you are healthy, your chances of getting a VRE infection are very low. Even if you have been exposed to VRE, or have VRE in your body, you are not likely to get an infection. VRE infections typically only occur among people who have weakened immune systems, such as people who have long-term illnesses or people who have had major surgery or other medical procedures and have been treated with multiple antibiotics.. Experts do not know exactly why some people become infected with VRE and others do not. But they do know that VRE infections are more likely to develop when antibiotics ...
Prevalence and Genetic Relatedness of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci Isolated from Livestock and Humans after Ban of...Prevalence and Genetic Relatedness of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci Isolated from Livestock and Humans after Ban of...
BACKGROUND: Avoparcin, cross-resistance with vancomycin, was added as feed-additive since 1970s and was prohibited in 1997 in Korea. After avoparcin was banned we examined prevalence and genetic relatedness of VRE in enterococci isolated from livestock and humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using enrichment broth and 6 microgram/mL vancomycin-containing enterococcosel selective agar, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were isolated from fecal sample of 255 pigs of 8 farms, 431 chickens of 9 farms, and 328 humans (Food industry employee and Institution cafeteria employee) of 5 public health centers, and 100 raw chicken meats from April to June 2003. Antimicrobial susceptibility was examined by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and E-test. Species identification and genotyping were done by multiplex PCR method. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of vanA-type VRE isolates was performed by CHEF-Mapper system. RESULTS: 19 isolates from 255 pigs, 122 isolates from 431 ...
Enterococcus spp in wastewater and in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) exposed to wastewater wetlandEnterococcus spp in wastewater and in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) exposed to wastewater wetland
In this study, twelve Mallards living in an artificial wastewater wetland were exposed to treated wastewater containing 1 x 103- 4 x 103 enterococci 100 ml-1 for a period of 55 days. Faecal samples were collected before, during and after exposure and analysed for Enterococcus spp. The isolates were phenotyped using the PhenePlateTM system. 270 Enterococcus spp. of Mallard origin were analysed, together with 116 Enterococcus spp. isolates from treated wastewater and from incoming raw wastewater. In general, the Mallard and wastewater enterococci isolates belonged to different phenotypes, although several sharing identical phenotypic profiles were found. One E. faecalis phenotype was found in Mallards before, during and after exposure to treated wastewater, as well as in raw and treated wastewater. Our results indicate that there is a common source of enterococci for Mallards and humans. We propose an increased focus on emissions of human bacteria and on systems that mediate their transfer to wild ...
Determining the clinical significance of co-colonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant...Determining the clinical significance of co-colonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Determining the clinical significance of co-colonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the intestinal tracts of patients in intensive care units: A case-control study. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
High Rates of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Bacteremia Observed in Patients Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell...High Rates of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Bacteremia Observed in Patients Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell...
Patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) have high rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) upon admission for transplantation.
Infection Prevention and Control of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Western Australian Healthcare FacilitiesInfection Prevention and Control of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Western Australian Healthcare Facilities
This Operational Directive (OD) describes the minimum requirements for the routine screening and subsequent management of people identified with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in Western Australian (WA) healthcare facilities (HCFs).
Expresión del gen esp (enterococcus surface protein) de enterococcus faecalis en un modelo in vitro de dientes extraídosExpresión del gen esp (enterococcus surface protein) de enterococcus faecalis en un modelo in vitro de dientes extraídos
COVO MORALES, E.; DIAZ CABALLERO, A. e SIMANCAS PALLARES, M.. Gene expression esp (enterococcus surface protein) of enterococcus faecalis in an in vitro model of extracted teeth. Av Odontoestomatol [online]. 2016, vol.32, n.4, pp.195-204. ISSN 2340-3152.. Objective: To determine the presence and expression of Enterococcus faecalis Esp gene in several strains from an in vitro model on extracted teeth. Methods: An in vitro system was designed to evaluate the biofilm formation through fluorescence microscopy and gene expression that could be associated to biofilm formation. The system consisted of a previously extracted human tooth that was cut and prepared to provide by means of its root canal, an adequate surface for biofilm formation on behalf of Enterococcus faecalis. The system disposed an anaerobe chamber that allowed the growth of bacteria in broth culture and avoided contamination with other microorganisms. This chamber consisted of a sterile micro centrifuge tube, which was cut and united ...
닭 분변유래 Enterococcus spp. 및 Staphylococcus aureus 의 항생제 내성패턴닭 분변유래 Enterococcus spp. 및 Staphylococcus aureus 의 항생제 내성패턴
Antibiotic resistance pattern of Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken feces - antibiotic resistance;chicken feces;Enterococcus spp. Staphylococcus aureus
Frontiers | New Insight into Biofilm Formation Ability, the Presence of Virulence Genes and Probiotic Potential of Enterococcus...Frontiers | New Insight into Biofilm Formation Ability, the Presence of Virulence Genes and Probiotic Potential of Enterococcus...
Enterococci have controversial status due to their emerging role in nosocomial infections and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes, while some enterococci strains are used as probiotics for humans and animals and starter cultures in dairy industry. In order to improve our understanding of factors involved in the safe use of enterococci as potential probiotics, the antibiotic susceptibility, virulence and probiotic traits of 75 dairy enterococci isolates belonging to Enterococcus durans (50), En. faecium (15), En. faecalis (6), En. italicus (3), and En. hirae (1) were evaluated. The results revealed that ciprofloxacin resistance and biofilm formation are correlated with isolates originated from Golija mountain (Serbia), while gelatinase activity was more common in isolates from Prigorje region (Croatia), pointing to uncontrolled use of antibiotics and anthropogenic impact on dairy products microbiota in these regions. The virulence genes were sporadically present in 13 selected dairy enterococci
Vancomycin-Resistant EnterococcusVancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
Overall, 20,000 VRE infections varying in site and severity occur in hospitalized patients each year. The most common infections caused by VRE are urinary tract infections (UTIs), bacteremia, and wound infections.1 Other VRE infections, such as endocarditis and meningitis, are serious and may require more aggressive combination therapy.5,8 For noninvasive infections, nonpharmacologic interventions (e.g., catheter or foreign-body removal or drainage of an enclosed infection) are often necessary in conjunction with antimicrobial therapy. Although the optimal approach for treating VRE is uncertain in many clinical situations, appropriate antimicrobial selection is guided by severity and site of infection, as well as in vitro susceptibility and pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties of agents. Several choices for current, and possibly future, treatment of VRE infection are described below.14. Two agents, linezolid (LZD) and quinupristin-dalfopristin (QPD), have been approved by the FDA for ...
Bacteremia due to motile Enterococcus species: Clinical features and outcomes<...Bacteremia due to motile Enterococcus species: Clinical features and outcomes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Bacteremia due to motile Enterococcus species. T2 - Clinical features and outcomes. AU - Rupp, Mark E.. AU - Ratanasuwan, Winai. AU - Iwen, Peter C.. AU - Hinrichs, Steven H.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032953388&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0032953388&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1086/517774. DO - 10.1086/517774. M3 - Article. C2 - 10452665. AN - SCOPUS:0032953388. VL - 28. SP - 1175. EP - 1177. JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases. SN - 1058-4838. IS - 5. ER - ...
Bile-Esculin test for Enterococcus species: Principle, Procedure and results - microbeonlineBile-Esculin test for Enterococcus species: Principle, Procedure and results - microbeonline
Principle: Bile-esculin test is based on the ability of certain bacteria, notably the group D streptococci and Enterococcus species, to hydrolyze esculin in the presence of bile (4% bile salts or 40% bile).. Note: Many bacteria can hydrolyze esculin, but few can do so in the presence of bile. Esculin is a glycosidic coumarin derivative (6-beta-glucoside-7-hydroxy-coumarin). The two moieties of the molecule (glucose and 7-hydroxycoumarin) are linked together by an ester bond through oxygen. For this test, esculin is incorporated into a medium containing 4% bile salts.. Bacteria that are bile-esculin positive are, first of all, able to grow in the presence of bile salts. Hydrolysis of the esculin in the medium results in the formation of glucose and a compound called esculetin.. ...
Virulence determinants in vancomycin-resistant **Enterococcus faecium vanB**: clonal distribution, prevalence and significance...Virulence determinants in vancomycin-resistant **Enterococcus faecium vanB**: clonal distribution, prevalence and significance...
Virulence determinants in vancomycin-resistant **Enterococcus faecium vanB**: clonal distribution, prevalence and significance of **esp** and **hyl** in Australian patients with haematological disorders ...
Which Bacteria Does Ampicillin Kill - Www.sebastien-cartier-events.comWhich Bacteria Does Ampicillin Kill - Www.sebastien-cartier-events.com
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ASMscience | Agar Screen Test To DeteASMscience | Agar Screen Test To Dete
The vancomycin agar screen is used to detect vancomycin-resistant enterococcal colonies that have been isolated from clinical or surveillance cultures. A standard number of bacteria is inoculated onto BHI agar containing 6 μg of vancomycin per ml. Following incubation, the appearance of growth indicates that the enterococcal isolate is likely to be resistant to vancomycin. MIC and species identification tests are subsequently required to determine if the isolate is a true vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) ( 1 , 2 ).
Datapunk | SUBSTRATA Substrata: Enterococcus faecalisDatapunk | SUBSTRATA Substrata: Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecalis - formerly classified as part of the group D Streptococcus system - is a Gram-positive, commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other mammals. Like other species in the genus Enterococcus, E. faecalis can cause life-threatening infections in humans, especially in the nosocomial (hospital) environment, where the naturally high levels of antibiotic resistance found in E. faecalis contribute to its pathogenicity. E. faecalis has been frequently found in root canal-treated teeth in prevalence values ranging from 30% to 90% of the cases. Root canal-treated teeth are about nine times more likely to harbor E. faecalis than cases of primary infections. E. faecalis is a nonmotile microbe; it ferments glucose without gas production, and does not produce a catalase reaction with hydrogen peroxide. It can produce a pseudocatalase reaction if grown on blood agar. The reaction is usually weak. It produces a reduction of litmus milk, but does not liquefy ...
Characterization of Enterococcal Community Isolated from an Artisan Istrian Raw Milk Cheese: Biotechnological and Safety AspectsCharacterization of Enterococcal Community Isolated from an Artisan Istrian Raw Milk Cheese: Biotechnological and Safety Aspects
In this study, prevalence, biotechnological and safety profiles of 588 Enterococcus isolates isolated from raw milk and Istrian cheese during different stages of ripening were analyzed. Despite the low and variable presence of enterococci in milk ((3.65±2.93) log CFU/mL), highly comparable enterococcal populations were established after 30 days of cheese ripening ((7.96±0.80) log CFU/g), confirming Enterococcus spp. as a major part of the core microbiota of Istrian cheese. The dominant species were E. faecium (53.8 %) and E. faecalis (42.4 %), while minor groups, consisting of E. durans (2.84 %) and E. casseliflavus (0.95 %), also occurred. A pronounced intraspecies variability was noticed based on molecular fingerprinting, with 35 strains (genotypes) detected. Most of the genotypes were farm-specific with one third being shared between the farms. This genotype variability reflected particular differences of Istrian cheese production, mainly variable salt concentration, ripening temperature ...
Virulent Infections | Sewage Contamination: E. coli & Enterococcus spp.Virulent Infections | Sewage Contamination: E. coli & Enterococcus spp.
Historically, a variety of organisms have been used as indicators of fecal contamination but many of them have been questionable because they can be found naturally in environmental samples, even in the absence of fecal contamination. Example of this is the bacteria included in categories such as fecal Streptococci, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. are bacteria that occupy the gut of warm blooded animals, including humans, thus their presence can be considered an indication of some kind of fecal contamination.. E. coli is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, which includes many genera, including known pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia. Microscopically the cells of these organisms generally appear as Gram-negative cocobacilli; or straight rods with rounded ends. Enterobacteriaceae ferment glucose, grows on MacConkey agar, is oxidase-negative, and, with rare exceptions, reduces nitrates. Although most strains of E. coli are not ...
Virulence Effect of Enterococcus faecalis Protease Genes and the Quorum-Sensing Locus fsr in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mice |...Virulence Effect of Enterococcus faecalis Protease Genes and the Quorum-Sensing Locus fsr in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mice |...
Enterococci are gram-positive bacteria that are normal inhabitants of the alimentary tract of humans and other animals. They have been recognized as a cause of infective endocarditis for more than a century (17) and have gained prominence over the last two decades as being among the most common pathogens found in hospital-acquired infections, including urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and surgical-site infections (27). The increasing importance of enterococci as nosocomial pathogens can be attributed in part to intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance (17, 26). Treatment of multidrug-resistant enterococcal infections poses a significant challenge to clinicians (4, 8), and the potential of these organisms to serve as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes is of great concern (6, 20, 21). Despite increasing recognition of the clinical importance of enterococcal infections, their pathogenic mechanisms are not well understood (11).. We have recently developed a novel model ...
First Report on a Randomized Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Indicator Bacteria from Livestock, Poultry, and...First Report on a Randomized Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Indicator Bacteria from Livestock, Poultry, and...
This study provides an estimate of antimicrobial resistance in intestinal indicator bacteria from humans (n = 97) and food animals (n = 388) in Tanzania. More than 70% of all fecal samples contained tetracycline (TE), sulfamethoxazole (STX), and ampicillin (AMP)-resistant coliforms, while cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant coliforms were observed in 40% of all samples. The average Log10 colony forming units/g of CTX-resistant coliforms in samples from humans were 2.20. Of 390 Escherichia coli tested, 66.4% were resistant to TE, 54.9% to STX, 54.9% to streptomycin, and 36.4% to CTX. Isolates were commonly (65.1%) multiresistant. All CTX-resistant isolates contained blaCTX-M gene type. AMP- and vancomycin-resistant enterococci were rare, and the average concentrations in positive samples were low (log10 0.9 and 0.4, respectively). A low-tomoderate resistance (2.1-15%) was detected in 240 enterococci isolates to the drugs tested, except for rifampicin resistance (75.2% of isolates). The average number of ...
Glycopeptide Carboxamides Active Against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci - PubMedGlycopeptide Carboxamides Active Against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci - PubMed
Glycopeptide antibiotics were synthesized via the PyBOP mediated condensation of aliphatic, heterocyclic and aromatic amines with the C-terminus of vancomycin, LY264826 (A82846B) and semi-synthetic derivatives of these natural products. Amides of LY264826 and vancomycin demonstrated excellent activi …
Enterococcus faecium, SEM - Stock Image C032/2608 - Science Photo LibraryEnterococcus faecium, SEM - Stock Image C032/2608 - Science Photo Library
Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Enterococcus faecium (also known as Streptococcus faecium), Gram-positive, vancomycin resistant (VRE), coccus prokaryote that grows in groups or chains. E. faecium is commonly found in the guts of humans and other animals. It does not normally cause disease, but can be an opportunistic pathogen when the immune system is impaired. It is an important nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pathogen. E. faecium is known to have a resistance to several types of antibiotics including gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, teicoplanin and penicillin. Magnification: x4,170 when shortest axis printed at 25 millimetres. - Stock Image C032/2608
Department of Health | Emergence and epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in AustraliaDepartment of Health | Emergence and epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Australia
This report published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence Volume 22, No 11, 29 October 1998 contains information on enterococci with acquired resistance to vancomycin and other glycopeptides, which has emerged and spread rapidly through Europe and the United States since 1988.
ASMscience | Screening for VancomycinASMscience | Screening for Vancomycin
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) (also referred to as glycopeptide-resistant enterococci) have emerged as significant nosocomial pathogens. Immunosuppression and indwelling devices are risk factors for invasive infections ( 3 , 6 ). Transmission on hospital wards is the major source of spread of these antibiotic-resistant organisms. Infection rates can be reduced by screening high-risk groups ( 4 ). Patients colonized with VRE are isolated to prevent transmission. The laboratory, in conjunction with the Infection Control Program, should decide which groups of patients to screen and the frequency of screening depending on the local epidemiology, unless regulations state otherwise ( 8 ).
Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in chickens in Malaysia | Veterinary RecordOccurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in chickens in Malaysia | Veterinary Record
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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for DevelopmentWater, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
Rural communities within low-income countries frequently rely on a range of drinking-water sources, and each water source varies in its potential for biological contamination. The extent and source of biological contamination in primary drinking sources within Kien Svay, Kandal, Cambodia, were determined by fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) measurements, 16S rDNA genetic markers for human and bovine fecal Bacteroides, presence of the bloom-forming Microcystis species, and the microcystin toxin mcyD gene marker. Thirteen wells, 11 rain barrels, 10 surface-water sites, and five sediment samples were examined during the dry and wet seasons. Surface water was commonly contaminated with FIB, with up to 1.02 × 105 Enterococcus sp., 6.13 × 104 E. coli, and 2.91 × 104 total coliforms per 100 mL of water. Human and bovine Bacteroides were detected in 100 and 90% of the surface water samples, respectively. Concentrations of FIB in rain-barrels varied by site, however 91% contained human Bacteroides. ...
Pediatric Enterococcal Infection: Background, Pathophysiology, EpidemiologyPediatric Enterococcal Infection: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
The French word enterocque first was used in 1899 by Thiercelin to describe gram-positive cocci of enteric origin that formed pairs and short chains. Enterococcus species, Streptococcus bovis, and Streptococcus equines originally were grouped together as group D streptococci (Lancefield classification).
Vagina artist Megumi Igarashi receives appeal ruling | Nippon...'Vagina artist'' Megumi Igarashi receives appeal ruling | Nippon...
Japanese artist Megumi Igarashi (C) shows the message partly innocent outside the Tokyo District Court on April 13, 2017, Tokyo, Japan. Igarashi also known as Rokudenashiko was declared partly innocent by the Tokyo District Court, today April 13, after first being arrested in 2014 for distributing 3D data of her genitals as part of a crowd funding project to make a kayak based on her vulva. She had been found guilty in 2016 of breaking obscenity laws and fined JPY 400,000 but appealed that ruling. She was found guilty of distributing obscene data via the internet but innocent for displaying her art. Her fiancé Mike Scott of The Waterboys was also in Tokyo to attend the hearing. (Photo by Rodrigo Reyes Marin/AFLO)
Enterococcus | MARKONEnterococcus | MARKON
Enterococcus are naturally occurring intestinal bacteria that can be found in humans, animals, plants, soil, and water. It is one of the most commonly occurring hospital-acquired illnesses, but can also be a foodborne illness. Enterococcus faecalis is the most commonly-isolated species.. Typical Symptoms. ...
Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Avaliação de riscos e de pontos críticos de contaminação por...Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Avaliação de riscos e de pontos críticos de contaminação por...
Abstract: The ricotta is a type of fresh cheese of Italian origin, obtained by precipitation of proteins from cheese whey by acidification associated with the heat. Because of its nutritional, physicochemical and biochemical characteristics it is conducive to microbial growth. On the processing of this product it can be emphasized the Bacillus cereus, due to its ability to sporulate and be a potential contaminant of milk and the environment, and the bacteria of the genus Enterococcus, due its ubiquitous characteristic, ability to survive the various conditions of pH, temperature and salinity and appearance in cases of hospital infections. The objectives of the present work were: (a) to verify the possible sources of ricotta contamination by B. cereus and Enterococcus spp. during processing; (b) to identify the species of enterococci, evaluate the pathogenic potential and the resistance profile of these species to antibiotics of clinical use; and (c) to assess the conformity of samples of ricotta ...
January | 2016 | fgfr inhibitorsJanuary | 2016 | fgfr inhibitors
Of all bacteria isolated from the mice, heat-killed Streptococcus sp. and heat-killed E. coli bound to immobilized MGL1. The binding was significantly reduced by the addition of 100 mmol/L Gal but not mannose (Figure 4A). The binding was also abrogated by the addition of 5 mmol/L EDTA, indicating that the interaction between the bacteria Dovitinib side effects and MGL1 was calcium-dependent (Figure 4B). To evaluate the interaction of bacteria with MGL1 on cell surfaces, uptake of fluorescent-labeled bacteria by CHO cells transfected with Mgl1 was examined. These cells engulfed Streptococcus sp., but not E. coli or Enterococcus sp. (Figure 4C), suggesting that Streptococcus sp. was one of the candidates of bacteria that interact with MGL1 during the pathogenesis of experimental colitis.. Figure 4 MGL1 binding to intestinal commensal bacteria. A: Commensal bacteria were isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes of DSS-treated mice on day 7. Heat-killed bacterial bodies were applied on microtiter plates ...
Enterococcus Faecium Fermentation Product Dehydrated | VitaHoundEnterococcus Faecium Fermentation Product Dehydrated | VitaHound
Enterococcus Faecium (EF) is a probiotic and has been found when that dietary supplementation of EF can increase nutrient digestibility and decrease faecal
Fecal indicator and pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance in alluvial groundwater of an irrigated agricultural...Fecal indicator and pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance in alluvial groundwater of an irrigated agricultural...
Surveys of microbiological groundwater quality were conducted in a region with intensive animal agriculture in California, USA. The survey included monitoring and domestic wells in eight concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and 200 small (domestic and community supply district) supply wells across the region. Campylobacter was not detected in groundwater, whereas Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella were each detected in 2 of 190 CAFO monitoring well samples. Nonpathogenic generic E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in 24.2% (46/190) and 97.4% (185/190) groundwater samples from CAFO monitoring wells and in 4.2% (1/24) and 87.5% (21/24) of CAFO domestic wells, respectively. Concentrations of both generic E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were significantly associated with well depth, season, and the type of adjacent land use in the CAFO. No pathogenic bacteria were detected in groundwater from 200 small supply wells in the extended survey. However, 4.5 to 10.3% groundwater samples were
PigProgress - RESEARCH: Enterococcus faecalis pops up during pork processingPigProgress - RESEARCH: Enterococcus faecalis pops up during pork processing
Canadian researchers have published a study assessing the antimicrobial resistance and virulence of genotypes of Enterococcus faecalis, taken from samples taken from a commercial pork processing plant. They conclude that the pork meat appears to be arriving at the plant free of E. faecalis, suggesting that contamination occurs during processing.
Disparate Findings on the Role of Virulence Factors of Enterococcus faecalis in Mouse and Rat Models of Peritonitis | Infection...Disparate Findings on the Role of Virulence Factors of Enterococcus faecalis in Mouse and Rat Models of Peritonitis | Infection...
The literature on the pathogenic role of E. faecalisstrains is somewhat unclear. Their potential pathogenic effects are quite subtle and are not evidenced in nondiscriminative models of infection. In addition, the results of an experimental model of enterococcal infection seem to differ from one model to another, as illustrated by our results.. The direct injection of microorganisms within the peritoneum represents a model of systemic sepsis induced within a very short period of time (9, 33). This model allows a good approach to identify quickly the most pathogenic strains. However, this experimental design may not resemble the development of infection in patients, which commonly occurs over days. Therefore, the information provided by the peritoneal implantation of a septic capsule is of interest. This model, which represents a compartmentalized sepsis with prolonged infectious and inflammatory responses, allows study over a prolonged period of time of the relationships between the host and the ...
Antipodean superbugs infect Swiss hospitals - SWI swissinfo.chAntipodean superbugs infect Swiss hospitals - SWI swissinfo.ch
Multidrug-resistant gut bacteria called vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are on the rise in Swiss hospitals. The strains are identical to ...
Maxi Size Euro 44 - Www.cesilie.comMaxi Size Euro 44 - Www.cesilie.com
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Hospital Room Floors May be Unrecognized Pathogen Dissemination SourceHospital Room Floors May be Unrecognized Pathogen Dissemination Source
Disinfecting surfaces is key to preventing nosocomial transmission of pathogens such as C difficile, MRSA, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
Talk:Enterococcus virus FL2 - WikispeciesTalk:Enterococcus virus FL2 - Wikispecies
Hello fellow editors, I have just modified 1 external links on Enterococcus virus FL2. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: ...
Prevalence and risk factors for VRE colonisation in a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia: a cross sectional study.Prevalence and risk factors for VRE colonisation in a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia: a cross sectional study.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) has been established as a significant health-care associated problem since its first isolation in Australia in 1994. In this study, we measured the point prevalence and identified risk factors associated with v
Author: Ahmed, Warish / Subject: Enterococcus and pathogens - PubAg Search ResultsAuthor: 'Ahmed, Warish' / Subject: Enterococcus and pathogens - PubAg Search Results
We investigated the abundance of marker genes of two fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and eight potential pathogens in fecal samples of humans (n = 14) and 10 domestic and native wild animals (n = 134). For each target animal, between 10 and 14 individual fecal samples were collected (n = 148 individual fecal samples in total). The abundance of FIB and potential pathogens within each sample was dete ...
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List of infectious diseasesList of infectious diseases
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Enterococcus faecalisEnterococcusEnterococcus faeciumGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsVancomycin ResistanceCarbon-Oxygen LigasesVancomycinAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsBacterial ProteinsGram-Positive BacteriaDrug Resistance, MicrobialAmpicillin ResistanceConjugation, GeneticBacteriocinsDNA, BacterialTeicoplaninGentamicinsVirginiamycinOxazolidinonesAcetamidesGram-Positive CocciDrug Resistance, BacterialStreptococcusElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldMolecular Sequence DataEndocarditis, BacterialGenes, BacterialGlycopeptidesBacterial Typing TechniquesDaptomycinPheromonesLactococcusSequence Analysis, DNAPlasmidsCross InfectionBacteriaStreptococcaceaeDNA Transposable ElementsAmpicillinFecesCheeseColony Count, MicrobialBiofilmsAnti-Infective AgentsGram-Negative BacteriaPolymerase Chain ReactionBacteremiaGene Expression Regulation, BacterialStreptograminsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SAminoglycosidesBase SequenceStaphylococcus aureusBacterial AdhesionPeptide SynthasesAmino Acid SequenceTetracycline ResistanceFood MicrobiologyStreptogramin AMuramoylpentapeptide CarboxypeptidaseRoot Canal IrrigantsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialDental Pulp CavityVirulence FactorsPenicillin-Binding ProteinsLactobacillusGelatinasesPhylogenyPeptidoglycanPeptidyl TransferasesDNA, RibosomalCulture MediaBathing BeachesSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidaseBacterial LoadVirulenceSex AttractantsHexosyltransferasesMicrobial ViabilityUrinary Tract InfectionsPenicillinsRNA, BacterialGene Transfer, HorizontalFluoroquinolonesBacteriological TechniquesStaphylococcusMultilocus Sequence TypingMultigene FamilySodium HypochloriteErythromycinOperonBacterial InfectionsProbioticsNucleic Acid HybridizationEscherichia coliDental Pulp DiseasesPoultryMinocyclineGastrointestinal TractDNA FingerprintingAntibiosisPeritonitisDisk Diffusion Antimicrobial TestsGenome, BacterialListeriaStreptomycinBacteria, AerobicBacitracinPhenotypeMutagenesis, InsertionalChlorhexidinePulpitisCephalosporinsChromosomes, BacterialSpecies SpecificityChickensAnti-Infective Agents, LocalTyrosine DecarboxylaseNaphthyridinesRNA, Ribosomal, 23SPeriapical PeriodontitisStreptococcal InfectionsCalcium HydroxideMolecular EpidemiologyUridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic AcidCloning, MolecularFermentationEnterobacteriaceaeBacteriolysisLactococcus lactisLactobacillaceaeAgarWater PollutionMutationN-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine AmidaseDrug Therapy, CombinationWater MicrobiologyHospitalsAcetoinTylosinGenotypeSerum Bactericidal TestCiprofloxacinAdhesins, BacterialLincosamidesGenes, rRNAInfection ControlSequence Homology, Amino AcidBridged CompoundsQuinolonesCell WallOpen Reading FramesEndocarditisCluster AnalysisEvaluation Studies as TopicEndophthalmitisPenicillin ResistanceBacteria, AnaerobicPotassium-Hydrogen AntiportersImipenemChromogenic CompoundsRoot Canal Filling MaterialsPoultry ProductsAminoacyltransferasesGene OrderNisinGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsIntestinesWater Quality
Enterococcus - WikipediaEnterococcus - Wikipedia
Copper homeostasis in Enterococcus hirae. - PubMed - NCBICopper homeostasis in Enterococcus hirae. - PubMed - NCBI
What are common causes of enterococcus? | Reference.comWhat are common causes of enterococcus? | Reference.com
Enterococcus hirae Farrow and Collins ATCC ® 8043™Enterococcus hirae Farrow and Collins ATCC ® 8043™
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Infection | Doctors HospitalVancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Infection | Doctors Hospital
Study Evaluating Antibiotic Use in Reducing Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and ESBL Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella...Study Evaluating Antibiotic Use in Reducing Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and ESBL Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella...
Changes in antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. Over a few years.Changes in antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. Over a few years.
Molecular analysis of Tn1546-like elements in vancomycin-resistant Enterococci isolated from patients in Europe shows...Molecular analysis of Tn1546-like elements in vancomycin-resistant Enterococci isolated from patients in Europe shows...
VRE in Healthcare Settings | HAI | CDCVRE in Healthcare Settings | HAI | CDC
Enterococcus | Define Enterococcus at Dictionary.comEnterococcus | Define Enterococcus at Dictionary.com
Enterococcus faecium EnGen0006Enterococcus faecium EnGen0006
Enterococcus | Food Safety NewsEnterococcus | Food Safety News
Enterococcus faecium - WikipediaEnterococcus faecium - Wikipedia
Vancomycin-Resistant EnterococcusVancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
Enterococcus haemoperoxidus - WikipediaEnterococcus haemoperoxidus - Wikipedia
The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance. - PubMed - NCBIThe rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance. - PubMed - NCBI
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci - hospital: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaVancomycin-resistant enterococci - hospital: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Characteristics of Enterococcus Faecalis | LIVESTRONG.COMCharacteristics of Enterococcus Faecalis | LIVESTRONG.COM
Culture- Bacterial, Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ScreenCulture- Bacterial, Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Screen
Enterococcus - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaEnterococcus - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vanocomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE)Vanocomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE)
Talk:Enterococcus virus FL2 - WikispeciesTalk:Enterococcus virus FL2 - Wikispecies
RCSB PDB - 2AWD: Crystal structure of LacC from Enterococcus faecalisRCSB PDB - 2AWD: Crystal structure of LacC from Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus / Elephant Man Behind The Sun - Split (Cassette) at DiscogsEnterococcus / Elephant Man Behind The Sun - Split (Cassette) at Discogs
Enterococcus faecium - microbewikiEnterococcus faecium - microbewiki
Enterococcus faecium - microbewikiEnterococcus faecium - microbewiki
Enterococcus faecalis Heme-Dependent Catalase | Journal of BacteriologyEnterococcus faecalis Heme-Dependent Catalase | Journal of Bacteriology
Multiple posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms partner to control ethanolamine utilization in Enterococcus faecalis | PNASMultiple posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms partner to control ethanolamine utilization in Enterococcus faecalis | PNAS
Enterococci Monitoring News on Environmental XPRTEnterococci Monitoring News on Environmental XPRT
Enterococci Testing Articles on Environmental XPRTEnterococci Testing Articles on Environmental XPRT
Aortic valve endocarditis from Enterococcus hirae infection.Aortic valve endocarditis from Enterococcus hirae infection.
Compare Current Bone+Infection+Caused+By+Enterococcus+Bacteria Drugs and Medications with Ratings & ReviewsCompare Current Bone+Infection+Caused+By+Enterococcus+Bacteria Drugs and Medications with Ratings & Reviews
RCSB PDB - 1X9E: Crystal structure of HMG-CoA synthase from Enterococcus faecalisRCSB PDB - 1X9E: Crystal structure of HMG-CoA synthase from Enterococcus faecalis
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Enterococcus faecalisEnterococcusEnterococcus faeciumGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsVancomycin ResistanceCarbon-Oxygen LigasesVancomycinAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsBacterial ProteinsGram-Positive BacteriaDrug Resistance, MicrobialAmpicillin ResistanceConjugation, GeneticBacteriocinsDNA, BacterialTeicoplaninGentamicinsVirginiamycinOxazolidinonesAcetamidesGram-Positive CocciDrug Resistance, BacterialStreptococcusElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldMolecular Sequence DataEndocarditis, BacterialGenes, BacterialGlycopeptidesBacterial Typing TechniquesDaptomycinPheromonesLactococcusSequence Analysis, DNAPlasmidsCross InfectionBacteriaStreptococcaceaeDNA Transposable ElementsAmpicillinFecesCheeseColony Count, MicrobialBiofilmsAnti-Infective AgentsGram-Negative BacteriaPolymerase Chain ReactionBacteremiaGene Expression Regulation, BacterialStreptograminsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SAminoglycosidesBase SequenceStaphylococcus aureusBacterial AdhesionPeptide SynthasesAmino Acid SequenceTetracycline ResistanceFood MicrobiologyStreptogramin AMuramoylpentapeptide CarboxypeptidaseRoot Canal IrrigantsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialDental Pulp CavityVirulence FactorsPenicillin-Binding ProteinsLactobacillusGelatinasesPhylogenyPeptidoglycanPeptidyl TransferasesDNA, RibosomalCulture MediaBathing BeachesSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidaseBacterial LoadVirulenceSex AttractantsHexosyltransferasesMicrobial ViabilityUrinary Tract InfectionsPenicillinsRNA, BacterialGene Transfer, HorizontalFluoroquinolonesBacteriological TechniquesStaphylococcusMultilocus Sequence TypingMultigene FamilySodium HypochloriteErythromycinOperonBacterial InfectionsProbioticsNucleic Acid HybridizationEscherichia coliDental Pulp DiseasesPoultryMinocyclineGastrointestinal TractDNA FingerprintingAntibiosisPeritonitisDisk Diffusion Antimicrobial TestsGenome, BacterialListeriaStreptomycinBacteria, AerobicBacitracinPhenotypeMutagenesis, InsertionalChlorhexidinePulpitisCephalosporinsChromosomes, BacterialSpecies SpecificityChickensAnti-Infective Agents, LocalTyrosine DecarboxylaseNaphthyridinesRNA, Ribosomal, 23SPeriapical PeriodontitisStreptococcal InfectionsCalcium HydroxideMolecular EpidemiologyUridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic AcidCloning, MolecularFermentationEnterobacteriaceaeBacteriolysisLactococcus lactisLactobacillaceaeAgarWater PollutionMutationN-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine AmidaseDrug Therapy, CombinationWater MicrobiologyHospitalsAcetoinTylosinGenotypeSerum Bactericidal TestCiprofloxacinAdhesins, BacterialLincosamidesGenes, rRNAInfection ControlSequence Homology, Amino AcidBridged CompoundsQuinolonesCell WallOpen Reading FramesEndocarditisCluster AnalysisEvaluation Studies as TopicEndophthalmitisPenicillin ResistanceBacteria, AnaerobicPotassium-Hydrogen AntiportersImipenemChromogenic CompoundsRoot Canal Filling MaterialsPoultry ProductsAminoacyltransferasesGene OrderNisinGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsIntestinesWater Quality
FaeciumAntimicrobialBacteriaSpeciesStreptococcusBacteremiaATCCPseudomonasNosocomialInfectionIsolates were recoveredHiraeEpidemiologyResistanceResistantInfectionsIntestinalVirulence factorsBiofilmOrganismsFaecalisStrainsGenusAntibioticsEndocarditisVirulenceResistant to vancomycinPathogensPathogenTreat vancomycin-resistant eHumansClinicalDetection of enterococciFecalVancomycin resistant2017Intestinal enterococciAcquired resistance to vancomycinPathogenesisBacterialPrevalenceConcentrationsIdentificationBiochemicalFacultatively anaerobic
Faecium5
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Species1
Streptococcus1
  • Members of the genus Enterococcus (from Greek έντερο, éntero, "intestine" and κοκκος, coccos, "granule") were classified as group D Streptococcus until 1984, when genomic DNA analysis indicated a separate genus classification would be appropriate. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteremia1
ATCC1
Pseudomonas2
  • the presence of enterococcus inhibits the growth contaminant, in this case, the pseudomonas. (coursehero.com)
  • This supported our hypothesis and indicated that competitive exclusion experiment was a success: the contaminant was able to grow the agar alone as seen in sector 3 (one of the controls), however, no growth was observed when enterococcus is added, meaning that enterococcus inhibited the growth of pseudomonas. (coursehero.com)
Nosocomial1
Infection6
Isolates were recovered1
Hirae2
Epidemiology1
Resistance1
Resistant2
Infections1
Intestinal3
  • Water quality--Detection and enumeration of intestinal enterococci in surface and waste water--Part 1: Miniaturized method (MPN) by inoculation in liquid medium. (atcc.org)
  • Enterococcus casseliflavus is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal microbiota of different animals. (asm.org)
  • Enterococcus casseliflavus is a commensal of the intestinal tract of livestock animals, such as cattle, horses, and sheep ( 1 , 2 ). (asm.org)
Virulence factors1
  • Such virulence factors include capsule formation, the Enterococcus surface protein (Esp), aggregation substance and gelatinase enzyme which play important roles in establishing a biofilm on the abiotic surfaces in health care settings 5,11 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
Biofilm1
Organisms1
Faecalis53
Strains8
Genus5
  • Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive , alpha-hemolytic or non hemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus . (wikipedia.org)
  • The genus Enterococcus includes some of the most important nosocomial multidrug-resistant organisms, and these pathogens usually affect patients who are debilitated by other, concurrent illnesses and undergoing prolonged hospitalization. (nih.gov)
  • Automated systems may present problems in the identification of members of the genus Enterococcus in clinical laboratories. (scielo.br)
  • In 1984, Schleifer et al ( 5 ) indicated that they belonged to the Enterococcus genus via DNA-DNA and DNA-rRNA hybridization. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It is worth noting that these organisms were previously classified as belonging to the genus " Streptococc us" but were placed in their own genus, " Enterococcus ," after genetic analysis (DNA-DNA reassociation analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing) showed they were too different to be grouped with the streptococci. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Antibiotics7
Endocarditis2
Virulence2
Resistant to vancomycin1
Pathogens2
  • But other fecal sources that contain enterococci and possibly human pathogens can be chronic or intermittent sources of both, making beach water quality management and remediation efforts more complex,' the investigators wrote. (news-medical.net)
  • In the United States they have become major nosocomial pathogens, rising in incidence from 0.3% in 1989 to 7.9% in 1993 as reported by the CDC, 1 and among patients in intensive-care units, now representing 14% of blood culture isolates of enterococci. (health.gov.au)
Pathogen3
Treat vancomycin-resistant e1
Humans2
Clinical4
Detection of enterococci1
  • Recently KWR presented an article about an innovative project: the rapid online detection of enterococci and of the total microbial activity in water. (environmental-expert.com)
Fecal4
  • Rapid molecular identification of fecal origin-colonies growing on Enterococcus spp. (environmental-expert.com)
  • The US Environmental Protection Agency established water quality regulations based on enterococci as the indicator of fecal-borne pollution, to help manage water quality at estuarine and marine beaches. (news-medical.net)
  • Our study pulls together the multiple fecal sources, the diverse environmental reservoirs, and the changeable environmental conditions to assess how these variables can all influence enterococci concentrations in a coastal setting,' said Dr. Jones. (news-medical.net)
  • Here we mathematically derive and test a method that utilizes the ratios of fecal host-associated genetic markers and culture and molecular measurements of general fecal indicators to apportion enterococci, E. coli, and Bacteroidales. (epa.gov)
Vancomycin resistant17
20171
  • Lebreton F, Manson AL, Saavedra JT, Straub TJ, Earl AM, Gilmore MS (2017) Tracing the Enterococci from Paleozoic origins to the hospital. (wikipedia.org)
Intestinal enterococci1
  • Water quality--Detection and enumeration of intestinal enterococci in surface and waste water--Part 1: Miniaturized method (MPN) by inoculation in liquid medium. (atcc.org)
Acquired resistance to vancomycin2
Pathogenesis1
Bacterial2
Prevalence1
Concentrations6
  • Though they are not capable of forming spores, enterococci are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions: extreme temperature (10-45 °C), pH (4.5-10.0), and high sodium chloride concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also found that ecosystem specific characteristics, such as freshwater sediment and freshwater transport to the estuary are important influences on enterococci concentrations in coastal recreational and shellfish harvest waters,' said Stephen Jones, Ph.D. Dr. Jones is Research Associate Professor, University of New Hampshire, and Associate Director, New Hampshire Sea Grant Program. (news-medical.net)
  • In 2014, two of the town beaches had been flagged for intermittently exceeding state standards for concentrations of enterococci, and advisories had occasionally been posted warning the public that the waters might be unhealthy--bad publicity for a beach town. (news-medical.net)
  • No other study has taken such an encompassing and robust approach towards addressing the issue of the factors that influence enterococci concentrations in coastal waters. (news-medical.net)
  • Enterococcus Faecium (EF) is a probiotic and has been found when that dietary supplementation of EF can increase nutrient digestibility and decrease faecal NH3-N, H2S and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. (vitahound.com)
  • The latter may have led to higher dust concentrations and thus airborne Enterococcus cecorum . (thepoultrysite.com)
Identification1
Biochemical3
Facultatively anaerobic1
PLOS ONE: Emergent multisystemic Enterococcus infection threatens endangered Christmas Island reptile populations
PLOS ONE: Emergent multisystemic Enterococcus infection threatens endangered Christmas Island reptile populations (journals.plos.org)
Strain-resolved community genomic analysis of gut microbial colonization in a premature infant | PNAS
Strain-resolved community genomic analysis of gut microbial colonization in a premature infant | PNAS (pnas.org)
Enterococcus | Define Enterococcus at Dictionary.com
Enterococcus | Define Enterococcus at Dictionary.com (dictionary.com)
Macrobid price, Macrobid enterococcus
Macrobid price, Macrobid enterococcus (steadfastep.com)
Biggest Threats and Data | Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance | CDC
Biggest Threats and Data | Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance | CDC (cdc.gov)
Probiotics: Find Out About the Benefits and Side Effects
Probiotics: Find Out About the Benefits and Side Effects (medicinenet.com)
Pyelonephritis Organism-Specific Therapy: Specific Organisms and Therapeutic Regimens
Pyelonephritis Organism-Specific Therapy: Specific Organisms and Therapeutic Regimens (emedicine.medscape.com)
Enterococcus faecium: from evolutionary insights to practical interventions | Upcoming PhD ceremonies | PhD ceremonies |...
Enterococcus faecium: from evolutionary insights to practical interventions | Upcoming PhD ceremonies | PhD ceremonies |... (rug.nl)
Liver disease risk may be heightened by gastric acid drugs
Liver disease risk may be heightened by gastric acid drugs (medicalnewstoday.com)
Current Issue : American Journal of Therapeutics
Current Issue : American Journal of Therapeutics (journals.lww.com)
Enterococcus - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Enterococcus - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (simple.wikipedia.org)
Life Sciences Archives - Page 20 of 46 - Nova Science Publishers
Life Sciences Archives - Page 20 of 46 - Nova Science Publishers (novapublishers.com)
Linezolid Oral Suspension - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses
Linezolid Oral Suspension - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses (drugs.com)
Battling germs that keep getting stronger | CBC News
Battling germs that keep getting stronger | CBC News (cbc.ca)
Probiotics With Acidophilus and Pelvic Cramps | Livestrong.com
Probiotics With Acidophilus and Pelvic Cramps | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
What Are the Causes of Mid-Abdominal Pain? | Livestrong.com
What Are the Causes of Mid-Abdominal Pain? | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
Cesarean Wound Complications | Livestrong.com
Cesarean Wound Complications | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
VRE in Healthcare Settings | HAI | CDC
VRE in Healthcare Settings | HAI | CDC (cdc.gov)
Characteristics of Enterococcus Faecalis | LIVESTRONG.COM
Characteristics of Enterococcus Faecalis | LIVESTRONG.COM (livestrong.com)
Enterococcus sp. coccus prokaryote, SEM - Stock Image - C032/2450 - Science Photo Library
Enterococcus sp. coccus prokaryote, SEM - Stock Image - C032/2450 - Science Photo Library (sciencephoto.com)
VLA: Blackhead, Mycoplasmosis in Turkeys | The Poultry Site
VLA: Blackhead, Mycoplasmosis in Turkeys | The Poultry Site (thepoultrysite.com)
12 Surprising Germs Hand Sanitizer Won't Kill | Best Life
12 Surprising Germs Hand Sanitizer Won't Kill | Best Life (bestlifeonline.com)
Epidemic and Nonepidemic Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecium - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious...
Epidemic and Nonepidemic Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecium - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Enterococcus faecalis Heme-Dependent Catalase | Journal of Bacteriology
Enterococcus faecalis Heme-Dependent Catalase | Journal of Bacteriology (jb.asm.org)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, Mexico City - Volume 13, Number 5-May 2007 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, Mexico City - Volume 13, Number 5-May 2007 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure - Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, Mexico City - Volume 13, Number 5-May 2007 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal -...
Figure - Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, Mexico City - Volume 13, Number 5-May 2007 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal -... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Culture- Bacterial, Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Screen
Culture- Bacterial, Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Screen (nationwidechildrens.org)
DailyMed - LINEZOLID - linezolid injection, solution
DailyMed - LINEZOLID - linezolid injection, solution (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics (wheelessonline.com)
RCSB PDB - 1X9E: Crystal structure of HMG-CoA synthase from Enterococcus faecalis
RCSB PDB - 1X9E: Crystal structure of HMG-CoA synthase from Enterococcus faecalis (rcsb.org)
Diagnosis and Management of Foodborne Illnesses
Diagnosis and Management of Foodborne Illnesses (cdc.gov)
Enterococcus faecium - microbewiki
Enterococcus faecium - microbewiki (microbewiki.kenyon.edu)
Enterococcus faecium - microbewiki
Enterococcus faecium - microbewiki (microbewiki.kenyon.edu)