Enterococcus. Medical search

A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens and the human intestinal tract. Most strains are nonhemolytic.

A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria consisting of organisms causing variable hemolysis that are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS, it is now recognized as a separate genus.

A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Unlike ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS, this species may produce an alpha-hemolytic reaction on blood agar and is unable to utilize pyruvic acid as an energy source.

Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.

Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of VANCOMYCIN, an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis.

Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-oxygen bond. EC 6.1.

Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.

The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Nonsusceptibility of a microbe to the action of ampicillin, a penicillin derivative that interferes with cell wall synthesis.

A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.

Substances elaborated by specific strains of bacteria that are lethal against other strains of the same or related species. They are protein or lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes used in taxonomy studies of bacteria.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Glycopeptide antibiotic complex from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety.

A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.

A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.

Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.

Derivatives of acetamide that are used as solvents, as mild irritants, and in organic synthesis.

Coccus-shaped bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment.

Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

A cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that inhibits GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA.

Chemical substances, excreted by an organism into the environment, that elicit behavioral or physiological responses from other organisms of the same species. Perception of these chemical signals may be olfactory or by contact.

A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria mainly isolated from milk and milk products. These bacteria are also found in plants and nonsterile frozen and dry foods. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS (group N), it is now recognized as a separate genus.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

A family of gram-positive non-sporing bacteria including many parasitic, pathogenic, and saprophytic forms.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

A nutritious food consisting primarily of the curd or the semisolid substance formed when milk coagulates.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.

Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.

Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by Gram's method.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

A class of natural cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by certain subspecies of STREPTOMYCES. They include two structurally unrelated components, STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP A and STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP B, which generally act synergistically to inhibit bacterial growth.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

Ligases that catalyze the joining of adjacent AMINO ACIDS by the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds between their carboxylic acid groups and amine groups.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of TETRACYCLINE which inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit during protein synthesis.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.

A specific streptogramin group A antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria.

Enzyme which catalyzes the peptide cross-linking of nascent CELL WALL; PEPTIDOGLYCAN.

Chemicals used mainly to disinfect root canals after pulpectomy and before obturation. The major ones are camphorated monochlorophenol, EDTA, formocresol, hydrogen peroxide, metacresylacetate, and sodium hypochlorite. Root canal irrigants include also rinsing solutions of distilled water, sodium chloride, etc.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

The space in a tooth bounded by the dentin and containing the dental pulp. The portion of the cavity within the crown of the tooth is the pulp chamber; the portion within the root is the pulp canal or root canal.

Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)

Bacterial proteins that share the property of binding irreversibly to PENICILLINS and other ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS derived from LACTAMS. The penicillin-binding proteins are primarily enzymes involved in CELL WALL biosynthesis including MURAMOYLPENTAPEPTIDE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; PEPTIDE SYNTHASES; TRANSPEPTIDASES; and HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES.

A genus of gram-positive, microaerophilic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring widely in nature. Its species are also part of the many normal flora of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of many mammals, including humans. Pathogenicity from this genus is rare.

A class of enzymes that catalyzes the degradation of gelatin by acting on the peptide bonds. EC 3.4.24.-.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Acyltransferases that use AMINO ACYL TRNA as the amino acid donor in formation of a peptide bond. There are ribosomal and non-ribosomal peptidyltransferases.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Beaches, both natural and man-made, used for bathing and other activities.

A carboxypeptidase that is specific for proteins that contain two ALANINE residues on their C-terminal. Enzymes in this class play an important role in bacterial CELL WALL biosynthesis.

Measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, organism, or organism compartment.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

Pheromones that elicit sexual attraction or mating behavior usually in members of the opposite sex in the same species.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of hexose groups. EC 2.4.1.-.

Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.

Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.

A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).

A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.

Direct nucleotide sequencing of gene fragments from multiple housekeeping genes for the purpose of phylogenetic analysis, organism identification, and typing of species, strain, serovar, or other distinguishable phylogenetic level.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.

In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.

Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.

Live microbial DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Antibiotics and other related compounds are not included in this definition. In humans, lactobacilli are commonly used as probiotics, either as single species or in mixed culture with other bacteria. Other genera that have been used are bifidobacteria and streptococci. (J. Nutr. 1995;125:1401-12)

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.

Domesticated birds raised for food. It typically includes CHICKENS; TURKEYS, DUCKS; GEESE; and others.

A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.

Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the MOUTH to ANUS, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).

A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.

A natural association between organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them. This often refers to the production of chemicals by one microorganism that is harmful to another.

INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.

A method where a culturing surface inoculated with microbe is exposed to small disks containing known amounts of a chemical agent resulting in a zone of inhibition (usually in millimeters) of growth of the microbe corresponding to the susceptibility of the strain to the agent.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

A genus of bacteria which may be found in the feces of animals and man, on vegetation, and in silage. Its species are parasitic on cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals, including man.

An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis.

A complex of cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by the Tracy-I strain of Bacillus subtilis. The commercial preparation is a mixture of at least nine bacitracins with bacitracin A as the major constituent. It is used topically to treat open infections such as infected eczema and infected dermal ulcers. (From Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1140)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.

Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.

A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.

Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.

A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to tyramine and carbon dioxide. The bacterial enzyme also acts on 3-hydroxytyrosine and, more slowly, on 3-hydroxyphenylalanine. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.1.1.25.

Constituent of 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes containing about 3200 nucleotides. 23S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.

Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.

A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.

The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.

A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.

Rupture of bacterial cells due to mechanical force, chemical action, or the lytic growth of BACTERIOPHAGES.

A non-pathogenic species of LACTOCOCCUS found in DAIRY PRODUCTS and responsible for the souring of MILK and the production of LACTIC ACID.

A family of gram-positive bacteria found regularly in the mouth and intestinal tract of man and other animals, in food and dairy products, and in fermenting vegetable juices. A few species are highly pathogenic.

A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.

Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

An autolytic enzyme bound to the surface of bacterial cell walls. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell wall glycopeptides, particularly peptidoglycan. EC 3.5.1.28.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Institutions with an organized medical staff which provide medical care to patients.

A product of fermentation. It is a component of the butanediol cycle in microorganisms. In mammals it is oxidized to carbon dioxide.

Macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Method of measuring the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy. It is used to monitor the therapy in BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; OSTEOMYELITIS and other serious bacterial infections. As commonly performed, the test is a variation of the broth dilution test. This test needs to be distinguished from testing of the naturally occurring BLOOD BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY.

A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.

Cell-surface components or appendages of bacteria that facilitate adhesion (BACTERIAL ADHESION) to other cells or to inanimate surfaces. Most fimbriae (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) of gram-negative bacteria function as adhesins, but in many cases it is a minor subunit protein at the tip of the fimbriae that is the actual adhesin. In gram-positive bacteria, a protein or polysaccharide surface layer serves as the specific adhesin. What is sometimes called polymeric adhesin (BIOFILMS) is distinct from protein adhesin.

A family of LINCOMYCIN-related glycosides that contain a pyrrolidine ring linked via an amide-bond to a pyranose moiety. Individual members of this family are defined by the arrangement of specific constituent groups on the lyncomycin molecule. Many lincosamides are ANTIBIOTICS produced by a variety STREPTOMYCES species.

Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.

Programs of disease surveillance, generally within health care facilities, designed to investigate, prevent, and control the spread of infections and their causative microorganisms.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Cyclic hydrocarbons that contain multiple rings and share one or more atoms.

A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.

Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins.

Membrane proteins that allow the exchange of hydrogen ions for potassium ions across the cellular membrane. The action of these antiporters influences intracellular pH and potassium ion homeostasis.

Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.

Colorless, endogenous or exogenous pigment precursors that may be transformed by biological mechanisms into colored compounds; used in biochemical assays and in diagnosis as indicators, especially in the form of enzyme substrates. Synonym: chromogens (not to be confused with pigment-synthesizing bacteria also called chromogens).

Materials placed inside a root canal for the purpose of obturating or sealing it. The materials may be gutta-percha, silver cones, paste mixtures, or other substances. (Dorland, 28th ed, p631 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p187)

Food products manufactured from poultry.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an aminoacyl group from donor to acceptor resulting in the formation of an ester or amide linkage. EC 2.3.2.

The sequential location of genes on a chromosome.

A 34-amino acid polypeptide antibiotic produced by Streptococcus lactis. It has been used as a food preservative in canned fruits and vegetables, and cheese.

Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

A rating of a body of water based on measurable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.

Prodigious substrate specificity of AAC(6')-APH(2"), an aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance determinant in enterococci and staphylococci. (1/1212)

BACKGROUND: High-level gentamicin resistance in enterococci and staphylococci is conferred by AAC(6')-APH(2"), an enzyme with 6'-N-acetyltransferase and 2"-O-phosphotransferase activities. The presence of this enzyme in pathogenic gram-positive bacteria prevents the successful use of gentamicin C and most other aminoglycosides as therapeutic agents. RESULTS: In an effort to understand the mechanism of aminoglycoside modification, we expressed AAC(6')-APH(2") in Bacillus subtilis. The purified enzyme is monomeric with a molecular mass of 57 kDa and displays both the expected aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase and O-phosphotransferase activities. Structure-function analysis with various aminoglycosides substrates reveals an enzyme with broad specificity in both enzymatic activities, accounting for AAC(6')-APH(2")'s dramatic negative impact on clinical aminoglycoside therapy. Both lividomycin A and paromomycin, aminoglycosides lacking a 6'-amino group, were acetylated by AAC(6')-APH(2"). The infrared spectrum of the product of paromomycin acetylation yielded a signal consistent with O-acetylation. Mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the products of neomycin phosphorylation indicated that phosphoryl transfer occurred primarily at the 3'-OH of the 6-aminohexose ring A, and that some diphosphorylated material was also present with phosphates at the 3'-OH and the 3"'-OH of ring D, both unprecedented observations for this enzyme. Furthermore, the phosphorylation site of lividomycin A was determined to be the 5"-OH of the pentose ring C. CONCLUSIONS: The bifunctional AAC(6')-APH(2") has the capacity to inactivate virtually all clinically important aminoglycosides through N- and O-acetylation and phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups. The extremely broad substrate specificity of this enzyme will impact on future development of aminoglycosides and presents a significant challenge for antibiotic design. (+info)

Ciprofloxacin decreases the rate of ethanol elimination in humans. (2/1212)

BACKGROUND: Extrahepatic ethanol metabolism is postulated to take place via microbial oxidation in the colon, mediated by aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. AIMS: To evaluate the role of microbial ethanol oxidation in the total elimination rate of ethanol in humans by reducing gut flora with ciprofloxacin. METHODS: Ethanol was administered intravenously at the beginning and end of a one week period to eight male volunteers. Between ethanol doses volunteers received 750 mg ciprofloxacin twice daily. RESULTS: A highly significant (p=0.001) reduction in the ethanol elimination rate (EER) was detected after ciprofloxacin medication. Mean (SEM) EER was 107.0 (5.3) and 96.9 (4.8) mg/kg/h before and after ciprofloxacin, respectively. Faecal Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus sp. were totally absent after medication, and faecal acetaldehyde production capacity was significantly (p<0.05) decreased from 0.91 (0.15) to 0.39 (0.08) nmol/min/mg protein. Mean faecal alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was significantly (p<0. 05) decreased after medication, but ciprofloxacin did not inhibit human hepatic ADH activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Ciprofloxacin treatment decreased the ethanol elimination rate by 9.4%, with a concomitant decrease in intestinal aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria, faecal ADH activity, and acetaldehyde production. As ciprofloxacin has no effect on liver blood flow, hepatic ADH activity, or cytochrome CYP2E1 activity, these effects are probably caused by the reduction in intestinal flora. (+info)

Diperamycin, a new antimicrobial antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus MK393-AF2. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities. (3/1212)

Antibacterial antibiotics, diperamycin (1) was produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus MK393-AF2. Various spectroscopic analyses of 1 suggested that 1 belonged to a member of cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic. Antibiotic 1 had potent inhibitory activity against various Gram-positive bacteria including Enterococcus seriolicida and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (+info)

Molecular diversity and evolutionary relationships of Tn1546-like elements in enterococci from humans and animals. (4/1212)

We report on a detailed study on the molecular diversity and evolutionary relationships of Tn1546-like elements in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from humans and animals. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the VanA transposon of 97 VRE revealed seven different Tn1546 types. Subsequent sequencing of the complete VanA transposons of 13 VRE isolates representing the seven RFLP types followed by sequencing of the identified polymorphic regions in 84 other VanA transposons resulted in the identification of 22 different Tn1546 derivatives. Differences between the Tn1546 types included point mutations in orf1, vanS, vanA, vanX, and vanY. Moreover, insertions of an IS1216V-IS3-like element in orf1, of IS1251 in the vanS-vanH intergenic region, and of IS1216V in the vanX-vanY intergenic region were found. The presence of insertion sequence elements was often associated with deletions in Tn1546. Identical Tn1546 types were found among isolates from humans and farm animals in The Netherlands, suggesting the sharing of a common vancomycin resistance gene pool. Application of the genetic analysis of Tn1546 to VRE isolates causing infections in Hospitals in Oxford, United Kingdom, and Chicago, Ill., suggested the possibility of the horizontal transmission of the vancomycin resistance transposon. The genetic diversity in Tn1546 combined with epidemiological data suggest that the DNA polymorphism among Tn1546 variants can successfully be exploited for the tracing of the routes of transmission of vancomycin resistance genes. (+info)

Transmission dynamics of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in England and Wales. (5/1212)

A simple epidemiological framework for the analysis of the transmission dynamics of hospital outbreaks of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals in England and Wales is presented. Epidemic strains EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 are becoming endemic in hospitals in the United Kingdom, and theory predicts that EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 will reach respective endemic levels of 158 (95% confidence interval [CI], 143-173) and 116 (95% CI, 109-123) affected hospitals with stochastic fluctuations of up to 30 hospitals in each case. An epidemic of VRE is still at an early stage, and the incidence of hospitals newly affected by VRE is growing exponentially at a rate r=0.51/year (95% CI, 0.48-0.54). The likely impact of introducing surveillance policies if action is taken sufficiently early is estimated. Finally, the role of heterogeneity in hospital size is considered: "Super-spreader hospitals" may increase transmission by 40%-132% above the expected mean. (+info)

The Enterococcus hirae copper chaperone CopZ delivers copper(I) to the CopY repressor. (6/1212)

Expression of the cop operon which effects copper homeostasis in Enterococcus hirae is controlled by the copper responsive repressor CopY. Purified Zn(II)CopY binds to a synthetic cop promoter fragment in vitro. Here we show that the 8 kDa protein CopZ acts as a copper chaperone by specifically delivering copper(I) to Zn(II)CopY and releasing CopY from the DNA. As shown by gel filtration and luminescence spectroscopy, two copper(I) are thereby quantitatively transferred from Cu(I)CopZ to Zn(II)CopY, with displacement of the zinc(II) and transfer of copper from a non-luminescent, exposed, binding site in CopZ to a luminescent, solvent shielded, binding site in CopY. (+info)

Mutational analysis of active-site residues of the enterococcal D-ala-D-Ala dipeptidase VanX and comparison with Escherichia coli D-ala-D-Ala ligase and D-ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase VanY. (7/1212)

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci are pathogenic bacteria that attenuate antibiotic sensitivity by producing peptidoglycan precursors that terminate in D-Ala-D-lactate rather than D-Ala-D-Ala. A key enzyme in effecting antibiotic resistance is the metallodipeptidase VanX, which reduces the cellular pool of the D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptide. RESULTS: We constructed eleven mutants, using the recently determined VanX structure as a basis, to investigate residue function. Mutating Asp142 or Ser114 showed a large effect principally on KM, consistent with roles in recognition of the D-Ala-D-Ala termini. The drastic reduction or absence of activity in the Arg71 mutants correlates with a role in the stabilization of an anionic tetrahedral transition state. Three residues of the Escherichia coli D-Ala-D-Ala ligase (Ddl), Glu15, Ser 281 and Arg255, are similarly conserved and have equivalent functions with respect to VanX, consistent with a convergent evolution of active sites to bind D-Ala-D-Ala and lower energy barriers for formation of the tetrahedral intermediate and transition states. In the N-acyl-D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase VanY, all active-site residues are conserved (except for the two responsible for recognition of the dipeptide amino terminus). CONCLUSIONS: The mutagenesis results support structure-based functional predictions and explain why the VanX dipeptidase and Ddl ligase show narrow specificity for the D,D-dipeptide substrate. The results reveal that VanX and Ddl, two enzymes that use the same substrate but proceed in opposite directions driven by distinct cofactors (zinc versus ATP), evolved similar architectural solutions to substrate recognition and catalysis acceleration. VanY sequence analysis predicts an active site and mechanism of reaction similar to VanX. (+info)

Proficiency of clinical laboratories in and near Monterrey, Mexico, to detect vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (8/1212)

Early detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci is important for preventing its spread among hospitalized patients. We surveyed the ability of eight hospital laboratories in and near Monterrey, Mexico, to detect vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus spp. and found that although laboratories can reliably detect high-level vancomycin resistance, many have difficulty detecting low-level resistance. (+info)

Some common examples of gram-positive bacterial infections include:

1. Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections: These are infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which is a type of gram-positive bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics.
2. Streptococcal infections: These are infections caused by streptococcus bacteria, such as strep throat and cellulitis.
3. Pneumococcal infections: These are infections caused by pneumococcus bacteria, such as pneumonia.
4. Enterococcal infections: These are infections caused by enterococcus bacteria, such as urinary tract infections and endocarditis.
5. Candidiasis: This is a type of fungal infection caused by candida, which is a type of gram-positive fungus.

Gram-positive bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin and ampicillin, but the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has made the treatment of these infections more challenging. In some cases, gram-positive bacterial infections may require more aggressive treatment, such as combination therapy with multiple antibiotics or the use of antifungal medications.

Overall, gram-positive bacterial infections can be serious and potentially life-threatening, so it is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

Causes and risk factors:

The most common cause of bacterial endocarditis is a bacterial infection that enters the bloodstream and travels to the heart. This can occur through various means, such as:

* Injecting drugs or engaging in other risky behaviors that allow bacteria to enter the body
* Having a weakened immune system due to illness or medication
* Having a previous history of endocarditis or other heart conditions
* Being over the age of 60, as older adults are at higher risk for developing endocarditis

Symptoms:

The symptoms of bacterial endocarditis can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the location of the infected area. Some common symptoms include:

* Fever
* Chills
* Joint pain or swelling
* Fatigue
* Shortness of breath
* Heart murmurs or abnormal heart sounds

Diagnosis:

Bacterial endocarditis is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as:

* Blood cultures to identify the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
* Echocardiogram to visualize the heart and detect any abnormalities
* Chest X-ray to look for signs of infection or inflammation in the lungs or heart
* Electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure the electrical activity of the heart

Treatment:

The treatment of bacterial endocarditis typically involves a combination of antibiotics and surgery. Antibiotics are used to kill the bacteria and reduce inflammation, while surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart tissue. In some cases, the infected heart tissue may need to be removed.

Prevention:

Preventing bacterial endocarditis involves good oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, and avoiding certain high-risk activities such as unprotected sex or sharing of needles. People with existing heart conditions should also take antibiotics before dental or medical procedures to reduce the risk of infection.

Prognosis:

The prognosis for bacterial endocarditis is generally good if treatment is prompt and effective. However, delays in diagnosis and treatment can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, stroke, or death. Patients with pre-existing heart conditions are at higher risk for complications.

Incidence:

Bacterial endocarditis is a relatively rare condition, affecting approximately 2-5 cases per million people per year in the United States. However, people with certain risk factors such as heart conditions or prosthetic heart valves are at higher risk for developing the infection.

Complications:

Bacterial endocarditis can lead to a number of complications, including:

* Heart failure
* Stroke or brain abscess
* Kidney damage or failure
* Pregnancy complications
* Nerve damage or peripheral neuropathy
* Skin or soft tissue infections
* Bone or joint infections
* Septicemia (blood poisoning)

Prevention:

Preventive measures for bacterial endocarditis include:

* Good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups to reduce the risk of dental infections
* Avoiding high-risk activities such as unprotected sex or sharing of needles
* Antibiotics before dental or medical procedures for patients with existing heart conditions
* Proper sterilization and disinfection of medical equipment
* Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis (prevention) in high-risk patients.

Emerging Trends:

Newly emerging trends in the management of bacterial endocarditis include:

* The use of novel antibiotics and combination therapy to improve treatment outcomes
* The development of new diagnostic tests to help identify the cause of infection more quickly and accurately
* The increased use of preventive measures such as antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk patients.

Future Directions:

Future directions for research on bacterial endocarditis may include:

* Investigating the use of novel diagnostic techniques, such as genomics and proteomics, to improve the accuracy of diagnosis
* Developing new antibiotics and combination therapies to improve treatment outcomes
* Exploring alternative preventive measures such as probiotics and immunotherapy.

In conclusion, bacterial endocarditis is a serious infection that can have severe consequences if left untreated. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to improving patient outcomes. Preventive measures such as good oral hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis can help reduce the risk of developing this condition. Ongoing research is focused on improving diagnostic techniques, developing new treatments, and exploring alternative preventive measures.

In medicine, cross-infection refers to the transmission of an infectious agent from one individual or source to another, often through direct contact or indirect exposure. This type of transmission can occur in various settings, such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities, where patients with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to infection.

Cross-infection can occur through a variety of means, including:

1. Person-to-person contact: Direct contact with an infected individual, such as touching, hugging, or shaking hands.
2. Contaminated surfaces and objects: Touching contaminated surfaces or objects that have been touched by an infected individual, such as doorknobs, furniture, or medical equipment.
3. Airborne transmission: Inhaling droplets or aerosolized particles that contain the infectious agent, such as during coughing or sneezing.
4. Contaminated food and water: Consuming food or drinks that have been handled by an infected individual or contaminated with the infectious agent.
5. Insect vectors: Mosquitoes, ticks, or other insects can transmit infections through their bites.

Cross-infection is a significant concern in healthcare settings, as it can lead to outbreaks of nosocomial infections (infections acquired in hospitals) and can spread rapidly among patients, healthcare workers, and visitors. To prevent cross-infection, healthcare providers use strict infection control measures, such as wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, and implementing isolation precautions for infected individuals.

In summary, cross-infection refers to the transmission of an infectious agent from one individual or source to another, often through direct contact or indirect exposure in healthcare settings. Preventing cross-infection is essential to maintaining a safe and healthy environment for patients, healthcare workers, and visitors.

Bacteremia can occur when bacteria enter the bloodstream through various means, such as:

* Infected wounds or surgical sites
* Injecting drug use
* Skin infections
* Respiratory tract infections
* Urinary tract infections
* Endocarditis (infection of the heart valves)

The symptoms of bacteremia can vary depending on the type of bacteria and the severity of the infection. Some common symptoms include:

* Fever
* Chills
* Headache
* Muscle aches
* Weakness
* Confusion
* Shortness of breath

Bacteremia is diagnosed by blood cultures, which involve collecting blood samples and inserting them into a specialized container to grow the bacteria. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care, such as intravenous fluids and oxygen therapy. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the infection.

Prevention measures for bacteremia include:

* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly
* Avoiding sharing personal items like toothbrushes or razors
* Properly cleaning and covering wounds
* Getting vaccinated against infections that can lead to bacteremia
* Following proper sterilization techniques during medical procedures

Overall, bacteremia is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications and ensure effective treatment.

Symptoms of a UTI can include:

* Painful urination
* Frequent urination
* Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
* Blood in the urine
* Pelvic pain in women
* Rectal pain in men

If you suspect that you have a UTI, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. UTIs can lead to more serious complications if left untreated, such as kidney damage or sepsis.

Treatment for a UTI typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection. It is important to complete the full course of treatment to ensure that the infection is completely cleared. Drinking plenty of water and taking over-the-counter pain relievers may also help alleviate symptoms.

Preventive measures for UTIs include:

* Practicing good hygiene, such as wiping from front to back and washing hands after using the bathroom
* Urinating when you feel the need, rather than holding it in
* Avoiding certain foods that may irritate the bladder, such as spicy or acidic foods
* Drinking plenty of water to help flush bacteria out of the urinary tract.

Some common examples of bacterial infections include:

1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
2. Respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis
3. Skin infections such as cellulitis and abscesses
4. Bone and joint infections such as osteomyelitis
5. Infected wounds or burns
6. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea
7. Food poisoning caused by bacteria such as salmonella and E. coli.

In severe cases, bacterial infections can lead to life-threatening complications such as sepsis or blood poisoning. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help prevent these complications and ensure a full recovery.

Types of Dental Pulp Diseases:

1. Pulpal necrosis: This is a condition where the dental pulp becomes damaged or dies due to injury, infection, or exposure to extreme temperatures.
2. Dental abscess: A bacterial infection that can cause pain, swelling, and pus formation in the tooth and surrounding tissues.
3. Periapical granuloma: A non-cancerous inflammatory response to a pulpal or periodontal infection.
4. Periapical cyst: A fluid-filled sac that forms as a result of the inflammatory response to a pulpal or periodontal infection.
5. Radiculitis: Inflammation of the nerves that extend from the tooth into the jawbone and skull, causing pain and swelling.
6. Osteonecrosis: A condition where the jawbone dies due to a lack of blood supply, often caused by a dental infection or trauma.
7. Periodontal disease: A bacterial infection that affects the gums and supporting tissues of the teeth, leading to inflammation and damage to the gum and bone tissues.

Symptoms of Dental Pulp Diseases:

1. Toothache or sensitivity to temperature changes
2. Swelling and redness in the gums and surrounding tissues
3. Pain when chewing or biting
4. Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
5. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck or jaw
6. Fever and general feeling of illness

Treatment Options for Dental Pulp Diseases:

1. Root canal treatment: A procedure to remove the infected dental pulp, clean and disinfect the inside of the tooth, and fill the tooth with a special material.
2. Extraction: Removal of the affected tooth if the infection is severe or if the tooth cannot be saved.
3. Antibiotics: Medication to treat bacterial infections, such as abscesses or periapical infections.
4. Pain management: Over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage toothache pain and inflammation.
5. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair damaged tissues.

Prevention of Dental Pulp Diseases:

1. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings to catch any problems early on and prevent infections from developing.
2. Good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and flossing once a day, to remove plaque and bacteria from the teeth.
3. Avoid sugary or acidic foods and drinks that can damage the teeth and lead to infections.
4. Wear a mouthguard when participating in sports to protect the teeth from injury.
5. Avoid smoking and using tobacco products, which can increase the risk of dental pulp diseases.

Early diagnosis and treatment of dental pulp diseases are crucial to preventing more severe complications and preserving the affected tooth. If you suspect that you have a dental pulp disease, it is essential to visit a dentist as soon as possible for proper evaluation and treatment.

The symptoms of peritonitis can vary depending on the severity and location of the inflammation, but they may include:

* Abdominal pain and tenderness
* Fever
* Nausea and vomiting
* Diarrhea or constipation
* Loss of appetite
* Fatigue
* Weakness
* Low blood pressure

Peritonitis can be diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as a CT scan, MRI or ultrasound. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to clear the infection and supportive care to manage symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove any infected tissue or repair damaged organs.

Prompt medical attention is essential for effective treatment and prevention of complications such as sepsis, organ failure, and death.

There are two main types of pulpitis:

1. Reversible pulpitis: This type of pulpitis is reversible and can be treated with conservative measures such as a filling or a root canal. The inflammation and infection in the pulp tissue can resolve with proper treatment, and the tooth can survive.
2. Irreversible pulpitis: This type of pulpitis is irreversible and cannot be treated with conservative measures. The inflammation and infection in the pulp tissue are severe and have damaged the pulp beyond repair. In this case, the only option is to extract the tooth.

Symptoms of pulpitis may include:

* Sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks
* Pain when biting or chewing
* Swelling and tenderness in the affected gum tissue
* Discoloration of the tooth

If left untreated, pulpitis can lead to more severe conditions such as an abscess or bacterial endocarditis, which can have serious consequences. Therefore, it is essential to seek professional dental care if symptoms of pulpitis are present. A dentist will perform a thorough examination and may take X-rays to determine the extent of the damage and recommend appropriate treatment.

Treatment options for pulpitis depend on the severity of the condition and may include:

* Conservative measures such as fillings or crowns to address any underlying decay or structural issues
* Root canal therapy to remove the infected pulp tissue and preserve the tooth
* Extraction of the affected tooth if the damage is too severe or if the tooth cannot be saved.

Symptoms of periapical periodontitis may include:

* Pain or tenderness in the affected tooth
* Swelling and redness in the gum tissue
* Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
* Discharge of pus from the affected tooth

Periapical periodontitis is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination and diagnostic tests such as radiographs (x-rays) or dental scans. Treatment may involve antibiotics, a root canal, or extraction of the affected tooth, depending on the severity of the infection and the extent of damage to the pulp and surrounding tissues.

Some common types of streptococcal infections include:

1. Strep throat (pharyngitis): an infection of the throat and tonsils that can cause fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes.
2. Sinusitis: an infection of the sinuses (air-filled cavities in the skull) that can cause headache, facial pain, and nasal congestion.
3. Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs that can cause cough, fever, chills, and shortness of breath.
4. Cellulitis: an infection of the skin and underlying tissue that can cause redness, swelling, and warmth over the affected area.
5. Endocarditis: an infection of the heart valves, which can cause fever, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and abdomen.
6. Meningitis: an infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord that can cause fever, headache, stiff neck, and confusion.
7. Septicemia (blood poisoning): an infection of the bloodstream that can cause fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and low blood pressure.

Streptococcal infections are usually treated with antibiotics, which can help clear the infection and prevent complications. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the infection.

Prevention measures for streptococcal infections include:

1. Good hygiene practices, such as washing hands frequently, especially after contact with someone who is sick.
2. Avoiding close contact with people who have streptococcal infections.
3. Keeping wounds and cuts clean and covered to prevent bacterial entry.
4. Practicing safe sex to prevent the spread of streptococcal infections through sexual contact.
5. Getting vaccinated against streptococcus pneumoniae, which can help prevent pneumonia and other infections caused by this bacterium.

It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you or someone else may have a streptococcal infection, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Symptoms of endocarditis may include fever, fatigue, joint pain, and swelling in the legs and feet. In some cases, the condition can lead to serious complications, such as heart valve damage, stroke, or death.

Treatment for endocarditis typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart tissue. Preventive measures include good dental hygiene, avoiding risky behaviors such as injecting drugs, and keeping wounds clean and covered.

Endocarditis is a serious condition that can have long-term consequences if left untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and ensure the best possible outcome for patients.

Endophthalmitis can be classified into several types based on its causes, such as:

1. Postoperative endophthalmitis: This type of endophthalmitis occurs after cataract surgery or other intraocular surgeries. It is caused by bacterial infection that enters the eye through the surgical incision.
2. Endogenous endophthalmitis: This type of endophthalmitis is caused by an infection that originates within the eye, such as from a retinal detachment or uveitis.
3. Exogenous endophthalmitis: This type of endophthalmitis is caused by an infection that enters the eye from outside, such as from a penetrating injury or a foreign object in the eye.

The symptoms of endophthalmitis can include:

1. Severe pain in the eye
2. Redness and swelling of the conjunctiva
3. Difficulty seeing or blind spots in the visual field
4. Sensitivity to light
5. Increased sensitivity to touch or pressure on the eye
6. Fever and chills
7. Swollen lymph nodes
8. Enlarged pupil
9. Clouding of the vitreous humor

If you suspect that you or someone else has endophthalmitis, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent vision loss. Treatment options for endophthalmitis may include antibiotics, vitrectomy (removal of the vitreous humor), and in some cases, removal of the affected eye.

Gram-negative bacterial infections can be difficult to treat because these bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. In addition, some gram-negative bacteria produce enzymes called beta-lactamases, which break down the penicillin ring of many antibiotics, making them ineffective against the infection.

Some common types of gram-negative bacterial infections include:

* Pneumonia
* Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
* Bloodstream infections (sepsis)
* Meningitis
* Skin and soft tissue infections
* Respiratory infections, such as bronchitis and sinusitis

Examples of gram-negative bacteria that can cause infection include:

* Escherichia coli (E. coli)
* Klebsiella pneumoniae
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
* Acinetobacter baumannii
* Proteus mirabilis

Gram-negative bacterial infections can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including blood cultures, urine cultures, and tissue samples. Treatment typically involves the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as carbapenems or cephalosporins, which are effective against many types of gram-negative bacteria. In some cases, the infection may require hospitalization and intensive care to manage complications such as sepsis or organ failure.

Prevention of gram-negative bacterial infections includes good hand hygiene, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and appropriate use of antibiotics. In healthcare settings, infection control measures such as sterilization and disinfection of equipment, and isolation precautions for patients with known gram-negative bacterial infections can help prevent the spread of these infections.

Overall, gram-negative bacterial infections are a significant public health concern, and proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and reduce the risk of transmission.

Parte, A.C. "Enterococcus". LPSN. LPSN LPSN entry for Enterococcus Gilmore MS; et al., eds. (2002). The Enterococci: ... Enterococcus is a large genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Bacillota. Enterococci are gram-positive cocci that often ... as Enterococcus faecalis comb. nov. and Enterococcus faecium comb. nov". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34: 31-34. doi:10.1099/ ... Enterococci typically exhibit gamma-hemolysis on sheep's blood agar.[citation needed] Members of the genus Enterococcus (from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus

... is a species of Enterococcus with type strain CCM 4851T (= LMG 19487T). Svec P, Devriese LA, ... 2001). "Enterococcus haemoperoxidus sp. nov. and Enterococcus moraviensis sp. nov., isolated from water". Int J Syst Evol ... "Enterococcus haemoperoxidus" at the Encyclopedia of Life LPSN Type strain of Enterococcus haemoperoxidus at BacDive - the ... "Evaluation of ribotyping for characterization and identification of Enterococcus haemoperoxidus and Enterococcus moraviensis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_haemoperoxidus

... is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Enterococcus which has been isolated from yogurt from ... "Species: Enterococcus xinjiangensis". LPSN.DSMZ.de. "Enterococcus xinjiangensis". www.uniprot.org. Ren, Xiaopu; Li, Mingyang; ... Enterococcus, Bacteria described in 2020, All stub articles, Bacillota stubs). ... Guo, Dongqi (September 2016). "Enterococcus Xinjiangensis sp. nov., Isolated from Yogurt of Xinjiang, China". Current ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_xinjiangensis

... is a Gram-positive, gamma-hemolytic or non-hemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus. It can be ... Enterococcus faecium has been a leading cause of multi-drug resistant enterococcal infections over Enterococcus faecalis in the ... Enterococcus infections, including VRE infections, cause a range of different symptoms depending on the location of the ... The 22 sequenced Enterococcus faecium genomes: A study published in 2018 showed multi drug-resistant E. faecium exhibiting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecium

... is a species of the genus Enterococcus and a gram positive bacteria capable of opportunistic ... The differences were enough to establish Enterococcus as a genus of its own. Each species within the enterococci category was ... ISBN 0-7514-0215-X. "Enterococcus malodoratus" at the Encyclopedia of Life LPSN Type strain of Enterococcus malodoratus at ... Enterococcus can be found in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other mammals. In a study on the enterococcal flora of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_malodoratus

... is a species of Enterococcus. Its genome has been sequenced. The type strain is NCDO 2375. On the human ... "Enterococcus mundtii" at the Encyclopedia of Life LPSN Type strain of Enterococcus mundtii at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity ... "Application of bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus mundtii CRL35 and Enterococcus faecium ST88Ch in the control of Listeria ... Kaufhold A, Ferrieri P (1991). "Isolation of Enterococcus mundtii from normally sterile body sites in two patients". J Clin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_mundtii

... is a species of Enterococcus with type strain CCM 4856T (= LMG 19486T). Svec P, Devriese LA, Sedlácek ... "Enterococcus moraviensis" at the Encyclopedia of Life LPSN Type strain of Enterococcus moraviensis at BacDive - the Bacterial ... 2001). "Enterococcus haemoperoxidus sp. nov. and Enterococcus moraviensis sp. nov., isolated from water". Int J Syst Evol ... "Evaluation of ribotyping for characterization and identification of Enterococcus haemoperoxidus and Enterococcus moraviensis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_moraviensis

... is a species of Enterococcus. Transfer to Tetragenococcus has been proposed. Parte, A.C. "Enterococcus ... Ennahar S, Cai Y (March 2005). "Biochemical and genetic evidence for the transfer of Enterococcus solitarius Collins et al. ... Enterococcus, Bacteria described in 1989, All stub articles, Lactobacillales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_solitarius

... is a species of Enterococcus. It is a gram-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, coccus bacterium. The ... Type strain of Enterococcus durans at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase v t e v t e (Articles with short ... 2002). "Differentiation and identification of Enterococcus durans, E. hirae and E. villorum". J. Appl. Microbiol. 92 (5): 821-7 ... Fisher K, Phillips C. The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus. Microbiology. 2009;155(6):1749-1757. doi:10.1099 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_durans

... is a bacterial species of the Gram-positive genus Enterococcus, named for its facultative anaerobic ... "Enterococcus raffinosus" at the Encyclopedia of Life LPSN Type strain of Enterococcus raffinosus at BacDive - the Bacterial ... nov., Enterococcus solitarius sp. nov. and Enterococcus pseudoavium sp. nov". Oxford Academic. FEMS Microbiology Letters. ... Epidemiology of Enterococcus: Fisher, K.; Phillips, C. (2009). "The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_raffinosus

... is a species of Enterococcus. E. gallinarum demonstrates an inherent, low-level resistance to ... Li X, Fan S, Lin X, Liu L, Zheng J, Zhou X, Heep A (February 2018). "The first case report of Enterococcus gallinarum ... Type strain of Enterococcus gallinarum at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase v t e (CS1 errors: missing periodical ... "Species: Enterococcus gallinarum". LPSN.DSMZ.de. Parker, Charles Thomas; Taylor, Dorothea; Garrity, George M. (2010). Parker, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_gallinarum

... is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Enterococcus which has been isolated from the cloaca of a ... "Enterococcus alcedinis". www.uniprot.org. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles ... "Species: Enterococcus alcedinis". lpsn.dsmz.de. Frolková, Petra; Švec, Pavel; Sedláček, Ivo; Mašlaňová, Ivana; Černohlávková, ... Jitka; Ghosh, Anuradha; Zurek, Ludek; Radiměřský, Tomáš; Literák, Ivan (1 August 2013). "Enterococcus alcedinis sp. nov., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_alcedinis

The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of one strain shows high similarities with Enterococcus italicus, Enterococcus ... Enterococcus aquimarinus is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium described in 2005. It was found in sea water has ... The type strain of the species is LMG 16607T and 16612 (=CCM 7283T). Enterococcus aquimarinus have elongated and often ... doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63722-0. "Enterococcus Aquimarinus: Type strain: DSM 17690, CCM 7283, CCUG 51308, CIP 108926, LMG 16607, API ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_aquimarinus

as Enterococcus faecalis comb. nov. and Enterococcus faecium comb. nov". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 34 ( ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Enterococcus faecalis. Type strain of Enterococcus faecalis at BacDive - the Bacterial ... Prior to 1984, enterococci were members of the genus Streptococcus; thus, E. faecalis was known as Streptococcus faecalis. In ... Enterococcus faecalis - formerly classified as part of the group D Streptococcus system - is a Gram-positive, commensal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalis

... is a species of Enterococcus. Its type strain is NCDO 1258. It is involved in growth depression in young ... Epidemiology of Enterococcus: Fisher, K.; Phillips, C. (2009). "The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus". ... Type strain of Enterococcus hirae at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase v t e (Articles with short description, ... Farrow, J. A. E.; Collins, M. D. (1985). "Enterococcus hirae, a New Species That Includes Amino Acid Assay Strain NCDO 1258 and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_hirae

... , a species of Enterococcus, is most commonly found in birds. Rarely, it is also a cause of infection in ... Type strain of Enterococcus avium at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase v t e v t e (Webarchive template wayback ... Enterococcus avium Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine at steadyhealth.com. Accessed July 18, 2010. Lee, Prescott P. MD ... Mohanty S, Dhawan B, Kapil A, Das BK, Pandey P, Gupta A (March 2005). "Brain abscess due to Enterococcus avium". Am. J. Med. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_avium

... is a species of Enterococcus. Collins, Matthew D., et al. " Enterococcus raffinosus sp. nov., ... "Enterococcus pseudoavium" at the Encyclopedia of Life LPSN Type strain of Enterococcus pseudoavium at BacDive - the Bacterial ... and Enterococcus pseudoavium sp. nov." FEMS Microbiology Letters 57.3 (1989): 283-288. Epidemiology of Enterococcus: Fisher, K ... "Enterococcus Pseudoavium Sepsis In A 50 Year Old Male With B Cell Lymphoma." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185 (2012): A4597. Goh, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_pseudoavium

... , or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), are bacterial strains of the genus Enterococcus ... Focus on Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens". J Infect Chemother. 24 (4): 237-246. doi:10.1016/j ... Six different types of vancomycin resistance are shown by enterococcus: Van-A, Van-B, Van-C, Van-D, Van-E and Van-G. The ... "Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) in Healthcare Settings". VRE in Healthcare Settings - HAI. CDC. Retrieved 2015-06-09. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin-resistant_Enterococcus

Enterococcus-1 RNAs likely function in trans as small RNAs. Genes nearby to Enterococcus-1 RNAs are often related to phages or ... The Enterococcus-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.Enterococcus-1 motif RNAs are ... Also, all four Enterococcus-1 RNAs that are in completed sequences are located in plasmids. Predicted Rho-independent ... transcription terminators are located roughly 70 nucleotides downstream of Enterococcus-1 RNAs. Weinberg Z, Lünse CE, Corbino ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus-1_RNA_motif

Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Lactobacillales Family: Enterococcaceae Genus: Enterococcus The genus Enterococcus ... "Enterococcus". LPSN. Retrieved 2019-12-02. Fisher, Katie; Phillips, Carol (2009). "The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of ... However, within the last ten years, there has been an influx of nosocomial pathogens originating from Enterococcus bacteria. ... Examples of gram-positive diplococci are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus spp. Presumably, diplococcus has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplococcus

Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus agalactiae, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopenia

Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococcus spp. have varying degrees of resistance to gentamicin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicin

Law-Brown, Janette; Meyers, Paul R. (2003). "Enterococcus phoeniculicola sp. nov., a novel member of the enterococci isolated ... Enterococcus phoeniculicola and Corynebacterium uropygiale). Some of those bacteria add to the antimicrobial properties of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropygial_gland

Enterococcus is a large genus of lactic acid phylum Firmicutes Fecal enterococci inhabit gastrointestinal tract of animals. ... Enterococcus bacteria is not harmful by itself, but it indicates harmful bacteria is in the water. These types of bacteria can ... Enterococcus may also cause prostatitis. Prostatitis is the swelling and inflammation of the prostate gland that is located ... Beach advisories are issued after unsafe levels of Enterococcus are detected at sample sites along a body of water, often ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_advisory

including Enterococcus spp.), and the most frequently isolated anaerobic bacteria are the B. fragilis group, Peptostreptococcus ... These are generally B. fragilis group, Clostridium spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus spp. On the other hand, infections ... Klebsiella and Enterococcus spp. Anaerobes (mostly B. fragilis group, and rarely C. perfringens) can be recovered in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_infection

Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. are non-motile while vancomycin susceptible Enterococcus spp. Some genera have been ... excluding the streptococci and enterococci". Clin Microbiol Rev. 8 (4): 479-95. doi:10.1128/CMR.8.4.479. PMC 172872. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-motile_bacteria

If not, the organism is 'catalase-negative'. Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp. are catalase-negative. While the catalase test ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalase

February 2016). "Human health risks associated with antimicrobial-resistant enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus on poultry ... "Surveillance of Enterococcus spp. reveals distinct species and antimicrobial resistance diversity across a One-Health continuum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_use_in_livestock

... or the enterococcus. Horder, as well as John Hannah Drysdale, Hugh Thursfield, Frank Atcherley Rose, and W. Girling Ball, were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_William_Andrewes

Enterococcus faecalis) and their phage. The genes coding for the lytic system of the pneumococcal phage, Dp-1, has been cloned ... "Role of mobile DNA in the evolution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis". Science. 299 (5615): 2071-2074. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dp-1_holin_family

Enterococci are bacteria (germs) that are normally present in the human intestines and in the female genital tract, and are ... Enterococci bacteria are constantly finding new ways to avoid the effects of the antibiotics used to treat the infections they ... Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) in Healthcare Settings. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/vre/vre.html

The identification of enterococci was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers to E. faecalis, E. ... The van(A) gene was detected in 100% of vancomycin resistant enterococci. Considering the results of our study, dairy ... The aim of this research was to study the incidence of antibiotic resistance in 56 Enterococcus strains isolated from dairy ... enterococci can be considered a potential source for dissemination of antibiotic resistances. ...

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=43004

The crystal structure of the putative SorC family transcriptional regulator from Enterococcus faecalis ... The crystal structure of the putative SorC family transcriptional regulator from Enterococcus faecalis. Zhang, R., Zhou, M., ... The crystal structure of the putative SorC family transcriptional regulator from Enterococcus faecalis. *PDB DOI: https://doi. ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2o0m

Enterococcus is a germ (bacteria). It normally lives in the intestines and in the female genital tract. ... But enterococcus can cause an infection if it gets into the urinary tract, bloodstream, or skin wounds or other sterile sites. ... Enterococcus species, Streptococcus gallolyticus group, and leuconostoc species. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. ... Enterococcus is a germ (bacteria). It normally lives in the intestines and in the female genital tract. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000476.htm

2974585103: Enterococcus phage phiSHEF5. organism-specific. Integrated Microbial Genomes. Notes:. Groups interested in ... Enterococcus phage phiSHEF5. Taxonomy ID: 2030924 (for references in articles please use NCBI:txid2030924). current name. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lvl=0&id=2030924

Enterococcus faecalis,/i,.,i, Material and Methods,/i,. The root canals of 84 single-rooted premolars were enlarged up to a ... file 40, autoclaved, inoculated with,i, Enterococcus faecalis,/i,, and incubated for 21 days. The samples were divided into 7 ... Enterococcus faecalis,/i, compared to other experimental groups (,svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xmlns=http:// ... I. Portenier, T. M. T. Waltimo, and M. Haapasalo, "Enterococcus faecalis- the root canal survivor and star in post-treatment ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2016/8076131/

Emergence of high-level resistance to glycopeptides in Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus. Antimicrob ... Corso A, Faccone D, Gagetti P, Togneri A, Lopardo H, Melano R, First report of vanA Enterococcus gallinarum dissemination ... Enterococcus gallinarum carrying the vanA gene cluster: first report in Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2004;37:1669-71. DOIPubMed ... Multiplex PCR detection of vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 genes in enterococci. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:703-7.PubMedGoogle ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/9/05-0282

Free resource for searching and exporting immune epitopes. Includes more than 95% of all published infectious disease, allergy, autoimmune, and transplant epitope data.

https://www.iedb.org/details_v3.php?type=sourceorganism&id=1351

... feed the debate on active surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci ... feed the debate on active surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17205467/?dopt=Abstract

The efficacy and safety of quinupristin/dalfopristin for treatment of infections due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus ... Quinupristin/Dalfopristin therapy for infections due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D J Winston 1 , C ... Quinupristin/Dalfopristin therapy for infections due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium D J Winston et al. Clin ... Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species: a hospital-based study in China. Jia W, Li G, Wang W. Jia W, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10817685

Enterococcus faecalis (bacteria). Method. X-RAY DIFFRACTION / SYNCHROTRON / SAD / Resolution: 1.9 Å Details. Authors. Gorman, J ... Enterococcus faecalis (bacteria) / Strain: V583 / Gene: LACC / Plasmid: modified pET26b / Species (production host): ... Title: Crystal Structure of LacC from Enterococcus Faecalis in complex with ATP. Authors: Gorman, J. / Shapiro, L.. History. ... Crystal Structure of LacC from Enterococcus Faecalis in complex with ATP. Components. tagatose-6-phosphate kinase. Details. ...

https://pdbj.org/emnavi/quick.php?id=pdb-2f02

Antibacterial activity against vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 assessed as growth inhibition after 18 hrs ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1055336

... Published: 23/11 ... The presence of Enterococci is considered one of the key fecal indicators of water, since these bacteria are found in the ... Due to its environmental importance, there are standardized methods for the detection of Enterococci in water samples. ...

https://www.condalab.com/int/en/blog/-enterococcus-key-indicator-in-water-quality-assurance-n209

Rats were initially inoculated with the recipient Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 at a concentration of 10(10) CFU mL(-1). After a ... Rats were initially inoculated with the recipient Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 at a concentration of 10(10) CFU mL(-1). After a ... Rats were initially inoculated with the recipient Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 at a concentration of 10(10) CFU mL(-1). After a ... Rats were initially inoculated with the recipient Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 at a concentration of 10(10) CFU mL(-1). After a ...

https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/horizontal-transfer-of-tetm-and-ermb-resistance-plasmids-from-foo

Enterococcus Remove constraint Subject: Enterococcus Subject GRAS substances Remove constraint Subject: GRAS substances Text ... Aspergillus oryzae; Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens; Enterococcus; Escherichia coli O157; GRAS substances; Lactobacillus; Megasphaera ...

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bjournal_name%5D%5B%5D=Canadian+journal+of+animal+science&f%5Bpublication_year_rev_facet%5D%5B%5D=7989-2011&f%5Bsubject_facet%5D%5B%5D=Enterococcus&f%5Bsubject_facet%5D%5B%5D=GRAS+substances&f%5Btext_availability%5D%5B%5D=Citation+in+PubAg&per_page=20&search_field=author&sort=date-desc

Enterococcus. Gut-Dwelling Bacterium Consumes Parkinsons Drug Posted on June 25th, 2019. by Dr. Francis Collins ... Tags: brain, DOPA decarboxylase, dopamine, E. faecalis, Enterococcus, gut, gut bacteria, gut microbiome, Human Microbiome ... Next, they tested the ability of seven representative Enterococcus strains to transform L-dopa. Only one fit the bill: a ... They found what they were looking for in a bacterial group known as Enterococcus, which often inhabits the human ...

https://directorsblog.nih.gov/tag/enterococcus/

The vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis alkyl hydroperoxide reductase complex (AhpR) with its subunits AhpC (EfAhpC) and ... Effect of the additional cysteine 503 of vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecalis V583 alkylhydroperoxide reductase subunit F ... Effect of the additional cysteine 503 of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (V583) alkylhydroperoxide reductase subunit ... Effect of the additional cysteine 503 of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (V583) alkylhydroperoxide reductase subunit ...

https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/handle/10356/144527

Assigned by: Svec P, Vancanneyt M, Devriese LA, Naser SM, Snauwaert C, Lefebvre K, Hoste B, Swings J. Enterococcus aquimarinus ... Valid publication: Svec P, Vancanneyt M, Devriese LA, Naser SM, Snauwaert C, Lefebvre K, Hoste B, Swings J. Enterococcus ... Parent taxon: Enterococcus (ex Thiercelin and Jouhaud 1903) Schleifer and Kilpper-Bälz 1984 ... Linking: To permanently link to this page, use https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/enterococcus-aquimarinus. Copy to clipboard. Link ...

https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/enterococcus-aquimarinus

This report aims to add to the current veterinary literature on two opportunistic bacterial species (Enterococcus hirae and ... and blood culture revealed positivity for Enterococcus hirae, identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time ... Mortality in Kittens is Associated with a Shift in Ileum Mucosa-Associated Enterococci from. to Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus ... In the first case, bacteremia caused by Enterococcus hirae was described in a dog. E.hirae is a gram-positive bacterium, ...

https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-023-03615-2

Decrease quantity for Enterococcus avium ATCC? 49464? Increase quantity for Enterococcus avium ATCC? 49464? ...

https://troybio.com/products/0857v

McKinnell, J. A., & Arias, C. A. (2015). Editorial Commentary: Linezolid vs Daptomycin for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: ... McKinnell, James A. ; Arias, Cesar A. / Editorial Commentary : Linezolid vs Daptomycin for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: ... McKinnell, JA & Arias, CA 2015, Editorial Commentary: Linezolid vs Daptomycin for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: The ... Editorial Commentary: Linezolid vs Daptomycin for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: The Evidence Gap between Trials and ...

https://scholars.houstonmethodist.org/en/publications/editorial-commentary-linezolid-vs-daptomycin-for-vancomycin-resis

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Enterococcus bacteria are commonly found in the human digestive and female genital ... However, Enterococcus can cause urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections and wound infections in hospitalized patients ... Infection can be deadly as about one-third of Enterococcus infections are resistant to the last-resort antibiotic vancomycin. ...

https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/12329

Enterococcus faecalis (clindamycin-intermediate-susceptible) antimicrobial susceptibility data. ... Home › Search by Microorganism › Enterococcus faecalis (clindamycin-intermediate-susceptible) *Enterococcus faecalis ( ... Enterococcus faecalis (clindamycin-intermediate-susceptible). ≤0.12. ≤0.12. ? － ?. Telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU-66647, Ketek). ...

https://antibiotics.toku-e.com/microorganism_detail_9514.html

Intestinal Enterococci (IE). 2023. 2019 to 2022. Catchment Description. The catchment surrounding Port St Mary is approximately ...

https://www.gov.im/about-the-government/departments/environment-food-and-agriculture/environment-directorate/environmental-protection-unit/bathing-water-quality/port-st-mary-bathing-water-profile/?iomg-device=Desktop

SO, Marcus Vinícius Reis et al. Antimicrobial in vitro activity of a propolis suspension against Enterococcus faecalis. RFO UPF ... propolis suspension against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Methods: The agar diffusion test and the disc method were used ... in propylene glycol did not present antimicrobial activity in vitro against Enterococcus faecalis. ...

http://revodonto.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1413-40122011000300008&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação; Enterococcus faecalis/patogenicidade; Feminino; Humanos; Masculino; Testes de ... The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence factors and the antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus ... Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Virulence Genes of Enterococcus faeca Antimicrobial Susceptibility and ... Antibacterianos/farmacologia; Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia; Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética; Enterococcus faecalis/ ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-27221594

1.5 Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium Infections 1.6 Limitations of Use 1.7 Usage 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 ... vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections The safety and effectiveness of linezolid for the treatment of pediatric ... Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections, including concurrent bacteremia 10 mg/kg intravenously every 8 hours 600 ... Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections, including concurrent bacteremia 10 mg/kg intravenous. every 8 hours 600 ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e15050c6-0e72-407a-87ac-b590ad253d53&version=8

Comparison of the rodac imprint method to selective enrichment broth for recovery of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and drug- ... Comparison of the rodac imprint method to selective enrichment broth for recovery of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and drug- ... Comparison of the rodac imprint method to selective enrichment broth for recovery of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and drug- ... T1 - Comparison of the rodac imprint method to selective enrichment broth for recovery of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and ...

https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/comparison-of-the-rodac-imprint-method-to-selective-enrichment-br

enterococcus faeciumwhole genome sequencingvancomycinmulti-locus sequence typingsingle nucleotide polymorphism ... From 2015 onwards, the number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) isolates increased in Tasmania. Previously, ... State-wide genomic and epidemiological analyses of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in Tasmanias public hospitals. ...

https://figshare.utas.edu.au/articles/journal_contribution/State-wide_genomic_and_epidemiological_analyses_of_vancomycin-resistant_enterococcus_faecium_in_Tasmania_s_public_hospitals/23011811

Out of 817 specimens, 25 (3%) Enterococcus isolates, comprising 22 Enterococcus faecalis and 3 Enterococcus faecium, were ... Vancomycin resistant enterococci Chromogenic media Glycopeptide antibiotics Polymerase chain reaction Collections * Medicine [ ... More enterococci were isolated from urine compared to pus and blood, with most patients affected being aged between 28 and 46. ... Vancomycin resistant Enterococci were isolated, with the main isolate being E. faecalis as compared to E. faecium. VanB genes ...

http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/6138

The identification of enterococci was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers to E. faecalis , E. faecium , E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus , and antibiotic resistance was tested by the disk diffusion method. (scirp.org)
A. Lombardi, D. Cariolato and C. Andrighetto, "Occurrence of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistances in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Collected from Dairy and Human Samples in North Italy," Food Control, Vol. 19, No. 9, 2008, pp. 886-892. (scirp.org)
R. Leclercq, E. Derlot, J. Duval and P. Courvalin, "Plasmid Mediated Resistance to Vancomycin and Teicoplanin Resistance in Enterococcus faecium," New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 319, 1988, pp. 157-161. (scirp.org)
The efficacy and safety of quinupristin/dalfopristin for treatment of infections due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium were evaluated in 24 hospitalized patients with documented infections (19 bacteremias, 5 localized infections) caused by vancomycin-resistant E. faecium that was susceptible to quinupristin/dalfopristin in vitro. (nih.gov)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections. (nih.gov)
From 2015 onwards, the number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) isolates increased in Tasmania. (edu.au)
Out of 817 specimens, 25 (3%) Enterococcus isolates, comprising 22 Enterococcus faecalis and 3 Enterococcus faecium, were Vancomycin resistant as shown by chromogenic media and Vitek 2 compact. (unza.zm)
Vancomycin resistant Enterococci were isolated, with the main isolate being E. faecalis as compared to E. faecium. (unza.zm)
METHODS: Six vanA clumping-positive E. faecalis isolates (five human and one food sample) carrying one or more AS genes (prgB, asa1, asa373) were analysed for co-transfer of vanA and AS genes to E. faecalis JH2-2 and Enterococcus faecium 64/3. (univpm.it)
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Enterococcus faecium , Lactobacillus acidophilus , and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum . (medscape.com)
6. Control of a nosocomial outbreak of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium in a paediatric oncology unit: risk factors for colonisation. (nih.gov)
18. Infection and colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in an acute care Veterans Affairs Medical Center: a 2-year survey. (nih.gov)

Organism-specific therapeutic regimens for prostatitis are provided below, including those for Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas , Enterococcus , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , and Chlamydia trachomatis . (medscape.com)
For one year, surface water samples at up- and downstream sites proximal to swine CAFO lagoon waste land application sites were tested for fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus) and candidate swine-specific microbial source-tracking (MST) markers (Bacteroidales Pig-1-Bac, Pig-2-Bac, and Pig-Bac-2, and methanogen P23-2). (cdc.gov)

Superinfections developed in 6 patients (26%), but only one was caused by Enterococcus faecalis that was resistant to quinupristin/dalfopristin. (nih.gov)
A case of a severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected man with meningitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis is presented. (elsevierpure.com)

T. J. Eaton and M. J. Gasson, "Molecular Screening of Enterococcus Virulence Determinants and Potential for Genetic Exchange between Food and Medical Isolates," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 67, No. 4, 2001, pp. 1628-1635. (scirp.org)
Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Virulence Genes of Enterococcus faecalis Isolates from Teeth with Failure of the Endodontic Treatment. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence factors and the antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolates of teeth with failure of the endodontic treatment . (bvsalud.org)
OBJECTIVES: The study was undertaken to investigate vancomycin-resistant (vanA) Enterococcus faecalis isolates carrying aggregation substance (AS) gene(s) for their ability to co-transfer vanA and AS genes. (univpm.it)

If these germs develop resistance to vancomycin, an antibiotic that is used to treat some drug-resistant infections, they become vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). (cdc.gov)
The van ( A ) gene was detected in 100% of vancomycin resistant enterococci. (scirp.org)
Enterococcus germs can become resistant to vancomycin and therefore are not killed. (medlineplus.gov)
These resistant bacteria are called vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). (medlineplus.gov)
Two studies feed the debate on active surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci carriage: to screen or not to screen? (nih.gov)
The vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis alkyl hydroperoxide reductase complex (AhpR) with its subunits AhpC (EfAhpC) and AhpF (EfAhpF) is of paramount importance to restore redox homeostasis. (ntu.edu.sg)
McKinnell, JA & Arias, CA 2015, ' Editorial Commentary: Linezolid vs Daptomycin for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: The Evidence Gap between Trials and Clinical Experience ', Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 879-882. (houstonmethodist.org)
We compared the Rodac imprint technique to selective enrichment broth for detecting vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE) on surfaces. (northwestern.edu)
To isolate and determine the occurrence of Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and the genes responsible for VRE resistance from blood, urine and pus specimens received in the Microbiology Laboratory at the UTH's, Lusaka. (unza.zm)
1. Infection-control measures reduce transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an endemic setting. (nih.gov)
2. Costs and savings associated with infection control measures that reduced transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an endemic setting. (nih.gov)
3. Epidemiology and control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a regional neonatal intensive care unit. (nih.gov)
4. A comparison of the effect of universal use of gloves and gowns with that of glove use alone on acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a medical intensive care unit. (nih.gov)
7. Failure to eradicate vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a university hospital and the cost of barrier precautions. (nih.gov)
9. Outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus colonization among pediatric oncology patients. (nih.gov)
10. A prospective study to determine whether cover gowns in addition to gloves decrease nosocomial transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an intensive care unit. (nih.gov)
11. The effect of vancomycin and third-generation cephalosporins on prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in 126 U.S. adult intensive care units. (nih.gov)
12. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE): transmission and control. (nih.gov)
13. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in intensive care hospital settings. (nih.gov)
14. Surgical Infection Society position on vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. (nih.gov)
16. Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. (nih.gov)
17. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (nih.gov)
19. Epidemiology and control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an adult and children's hospital. (nih.gov)
20. Control of endemic vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus among inpatients at a university hospital. (nih.gov)

Enterococcus avium ATCC? (troybio.com)
Decrease quantity for Enterococcus avium ATCC? (troybio.com)
Objective: the objective of this study is to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of 5% and 10% propolis suspension against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). (bvsalud.org)

To detect glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE), each carcass was placed in a bag with 100 mL sterile buffered peptone water and shaken vigorously for 60 sec. (cdc.gov)
15. Control of endemic glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. (nih.gov)

The aim of this research was to study the incidence of antibiotic resistance in 56 Enterococcus strains isolated from dairy products. (scirp.org)
Next, they tested the ability of seven representative Enterococcus strains to transform L-dopa. (nih.gov)
Seo Y, Lee G. Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated From Expressed Prostatic Secretions of Patients With Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis. (medscape.com)

They have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens due to their ability to acquire and confer antimicrobial resistance genes, hence making management of infections due to Enterococcus species difficult. (unza.zm)

L. Furlaneto-Maia, K. Rocha, F. Henrique, A. Giazzi and M. Furlaneto, "Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus sp Isolated from Soft Cheese in Southern Brazil," Advances in Microbiology , Vol. 4 No. 3, 2014, pp. 175-181. (scirp.org)

The presence of Enterococci is considered one of th e key fecal indicators of water , since these bacteria are found in the intestinal microbiota of both healthy people and some animals. (condalab.com)

Only one fit the bill: a bacterium called Enterococcus faecalis , which commonly resides in a healthy gut microbiome. (nih.gov)
The bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, which lives in the human gut. (nih.gov)

Enterococcus species, Streptococcus gallolyticus group, and leuconostoc species. (medlineplus.gov)
This report aims to add to the current veterinary literature on two opportunistic bacterial species ( Enterococcus hirae and Enterobacter xiangfangensis) associated with bloodstream infections in small animals admitted to the Bologna University Veterinary Hospital. (biomedcentral.com)

Enterococci are bacteria (germs) that are normally present in the human intestines and in the female genital tract, and are often found in the environment, like in soil and water. (cdc.gov)
Enterococci bacteria are constantly finding new ways to avoid the effects of the antibiotics used to treat the infections they cause. (cdc.gov)
Enterococcus is a germ (bacteria). (medlineplus.gov)
Enterococci are commensal gram-positive bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. (unza.zm)

Enterococci were isolated from urine, pus and blood specimens submitted to UTH's Microbiology Laboratory from July to August 2017. (unza.zm)

Considering the results of our study, dairy enterococci can be considered a potential source for dissemination of antibiotic resistances. (scirp.org)
Corso A , Faccone D , Gagetti P , Togneri A , Lopardo H , Melano R , First report of van A Enterococcus gallinarum dissemination within an intensive care unit in Argentina. (cdc.gov)

B. D. Shepard and M. S. Gilmore, "Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococci: The Mechanisms and Dynamics of Drug Introduction and Resistance," Microbes and Infection, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2002, pp. 215-224. (scirp.org)
But enterococcus can cause an infection if it gets into the urinary tract, bloodstream, or skin wounds or other sterile sites. (medlineplus.gov)
Patients with the enterococcus germ who do not have symptoms of an infection do not need treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
E. gallinarum and the other motile enterococci are thought to infrequently cause infection. (cdc.gov)

Enterococcus faecalis is one of these microorganisms and has the ability to penetrate as far as 250 μ m into the dentinal tubules, which provides showing resistance to irrigation solutions usually used during the instrumentation of root canals [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

However, our finding, 7 years after the European Union ban, highlights that resistance genotypes in motile enterococci should be closely monitored ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)

They found what they were looking for in a bacterial group known as Enterococcus , which often inhabits the human gastrointestinal tract. (nih.gov)

More enterococci were isolated from urine compared to pus and blood, with most patients affected being aged between 28 and 46. (unza.zm)

The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of calcium hypochlorite (Ca[OCl] 2 ) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with sonic (Vibringe) irrigation system in root canals which were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis . (hindawi.com)
Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of sonic and syringe irrigation of NaOCl and Ca(OCl) 2 on Enterococcus faecalis in extracted human teeth. (hindawi.com)
Celebrant and.Enterococcus faecalis virulence gene and biofilm formation relationship of study [J].Tooth dental pulp Periodontal Disease of magazine201323(10):627-632. (usp-pl.com)

G. Giraffa, D. Carminati and E. Neviani, "Enterococci Isolated from Dairy Products: A Review of Risks and Potential Technological Use," Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 60, 1997, pp. 732-738. (scirp.org)

PDB-2f02: Crystal Structure of LacC from Enterococcus Faecalis in complex w. (pdbj.org)

2013. Modeling sediment-related enterococci loading, transport, and inactivation at an embayed nonpoint source beach. (nih.gov)

Conclusion: The propolis extract suspension at 5% and 10% in propylene glycol did not present antimicrobial activity in vitro against Enterococcus faecalis. (bvsalud.org)

After three days, hyperthermia, leukopenia and hyperlactatemia were recorded, and blood culture revealed positivity for Enterococcus hirae , identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The patient's general conditions progressively worsened, and the patient was euthanized. (biomedcentral.com)
Enterococci isolation was done by culture of specimens on blood agar, cystine lactose electrolyte deficient medium (CLED), and Bile Esculin Azide (BEA) agar. (unza.zm)

Anatomy6

Organisms22

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes38

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science4

Health Care10

Prodigious substrate specificity of AAC(6')-APH(2"), an aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance determinant in enterococci and staphylococci. (1/1212)

Ciprofloxacin decreases the rate of ethanol elimination in humans. (2/1212)

Diperamycin, a new antimicrobial antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus MK393-AF2. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities. (3/1212)

Molecular diversity and evolutionary relationships of Tn1546-like elements in enterococci from humans and animals. (4/1212)

Transmission dynamics of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in England and Wales. (5/1212)

The Enterococcus hirae copper chaperone CopZ delivers copper(I) to the CopY repressor. (6/1212)

Mutational analysis of active-site residues of the enterococcal D-ala-D-Ala dipeptidase VanX and comparison with Escherichia coli D-ala-D-Ala ligase and D-ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase VanY. (7/1212)

Proficiency of clinical laboratories in and near Monterrey, Mexico, to detect vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (8/1212)

Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus

Enterococcus faecium

Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

Vancomycin Resistance

Carbon-Oxygen Ligases

Vancomycin

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Bacterial Proteins

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Drug Resistance, Microbial

Ampicillin Resistance

Conjugation, Genetic

Bacteriocins

DNA, Bacterial

Teicoplanin

Gentamicins

Virginiamycin

Oxazolidinones

Acetamides

Gram-Positive Cocci

Drug Resistance, Bacterial

Streptococcus

Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field

Molecular Sequence Data

Endocarditis, Bacterial

Genes, Bacterial

Glycopeptides

Bacterial Typing Techniques

Daptomycin

Pheromones

Lactococcus

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Plasmids

Cross Infection

Bacteria

Streptococcaceae

DNA Transposable Elements

Ampicillin

Feces

Cheese

Colony Count, Microbial

Biofilms

Anti-Infective Agents

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Bacteremia

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Streptogramins

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Aminoglycosides

Base Sequence

Staphylococcus aureus

Bacterial Adhesion

Peptide Synthases

Amino Acid Sequence

Tetracycline Resistance

Food Microbiology

Streptogramin A

Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase

Root Canal Irrigants

Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial

Dental Pulp Cavity

Virulence Factors

Penicillin-Binding Proteins

Lactobacillus

Gelatinases

Phylogeny

Peptidoglycan

Peptidyl Transferases

DNA, Ribosomal

Culture Media

Bathing Beaches

Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase

Bacterial Load

Virulence

Sex Attractants

Hexosyltransferases

Microbial Viability