AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Energy TransferFluorescence Resonance Energy TransferEnergy MetabolismSpectrometry, FluorescenceLinear Energy TransferEnergy IntakeFluorescent DyesGene Transfer TechniquesFluorescenceBioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer TechniquesLuminescent ProteinsKineticsModels, MolecularGene Transfer, HorizontalEmbryo TransferFluorescence PolarizationProtein BindingTerbiumProtein ConformationLight-Harvesting Protein ComplexesBiosensing TechniquesThermodynamicsModels, ChemicalGreen Fluorescent ProteinsNaphthalenesulfonatesLuminescent MeasurementsPhotobleachingRhodaminesMolecular Sequence DataBinding SitesMicroscopy, FluorescenceTryptophanPhotonsChlorophyllBacteriochlorophyllsDimerizationTransfer (Psychology)Protein Structure, TertiaryTime FactorsBacterial ProteinsTemperatureLuminescenceModels, BiologicalCarbocyaninesElectron TransportCell MembraneLightPhotosynthetic Reaction Center Complex ProteinsRNA, TransferRecombinant Fusion ProteinsBiophysicsLiposomesSpectrophotometryCell LineBiophysical PhenomenaDansyl CompoundsAmino Acid SequencePhycocyaninEscherichia coliFluoresceinsProtein MultimerizationPhotosystem I Protein ComplexMutationPhycobilisomesLuciferases, RenillaHeavy IonsDNAAdoptive TransferElectronsQuantum TheoryFluoresceinCarotenoidsMathematicsSpectrum AnalysisBase SequenceSolar EnergyPhotosynthesisConservation of Energy ResourcesPhospholipid Transfer ProteinsPatient TransferMicroscopy, ConfocalPhotochemistryFluorescein-5-isothiocyanateNucleic Acid ConformationPhotosystem II Protein ComplexAdenosine TriphosphateGenetic VectorsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMolecular ConformationAlpha ParticlesPhycoerythrinModels, TheoreticalProtein Structure, QuaternaryOxidation-ReductionQuantum DotsTransfectionLipid BilayersComputer SimulationTransfer FactorLigands
Energy Transfer
The transfer of energy of a given form among different scales of motion. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed). It includes the transfer of kinetic energy and the transfer of chemical energy. The transfer of chemical energy from one molecule to another depends on proximity of molecules so it is often used as in techniques to measure distance such as the use of FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER.
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
A type of FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY using two FLUORESCENT DYES with overlapping emission and absorption spectra, which is used to indicate proximity of labeled molecules. This technique is useful for studying interactions of molecules and PROTEIN FOLDING.
Energy Metabolism
The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.
Spectrometry, Fluorescence
Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.
Linear Energy Transfer
Rate of energy dissipation along the path of charged particles. In radiobiology and health physics, exposure is measured in kiloelectron volts per micrometer of tissue (keV/micrometer T).
Energy Intake
Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.
Fluorescent Dyes
Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.
Gene Transfer Techniques
The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.
Fluorescence
The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.
Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Techniques
Techniques for determining the proximity of molecules based on ENERGY TRANSFER between bioluminescent chromophores and acceptor fluorophores that have overlapping emission and absorption spectra.
Luminescent Proteins
Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Models, Molecular
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Gene Transfer, Horizontal
The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).
Embryo Transfer
The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.
Fluorescence Polarization
Measurement of the polarization of fluorescent light from solutions or microscopic specimens. It is used to provide information concerning molecular size, shape, and conformation, molecular anisotropy, electronic energy transfer, molecular interaction, including dye and coenzyme binding, and the antigen-antibody reaction.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
Terbium
Terbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes
Complexes containing CHLOROPHYLL and other photosensitive molecules. They serve to capture energy in the form of PHOTONS and are generally found as components of the PHOTOSYSTEM I PROTEIN COMPLEX or the PHOTOSYSTEM II PROTEIN COMPLEX.
Biosensing Techniques
Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
Models, Chemical
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Green Fluorescent Proteins
Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.
Naphthalenesulfonates
A class of organic compounds that contains a naphthalene moiety linked to a sulfonic acid salt or ester.
Luminescent Measurements
Techniques used for determining the values of photometric parameters of light resulting from LUMINESCENCE.
Photobleaching
Light-induced change in a chromophore, resulting in the loss of its absorption of light of a particular wave length. The photon energy causes a conformational change in the photoreceptor proteins affecting PHOTOTRANSDUCTION. This occurs naturally in the retina (ADAPTATION, OCULAR) on long exposure to bright light. Photobleaching presents problems when occurring in PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, and in FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY. On the other hand, this phenomenon is exploited in the technique, FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING, allowing measurement of the movements of proteins and LIPIDS in the CELL MEMBRANE.
Rhodamines
A family of 3,6-di(substituted-amino)-9-benzoate derivatives of xanthene that are used as dyes and as indicators for various metals; also used as fluorescent tracers in histochemistry.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Binding Sites
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.
Tryptophan
An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
Photons
Discrete concentrations of energy, apparently massless elementary particles, that move at the speed of light. They are the unit or quantum of electromagnetic radiation. Photons are emitted when electrons move from one energy state to another. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Chlorophyll
Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.
Bacteriochlorophylls
Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.
Dimerization
The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.
Transfer (Psychology)
Change in learning in one situation due to prior learning in another situation. The transfer can be positive (with second learning improved by first) or negative (where the reverse holds).
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Temperature
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
Luminescence
Emission of LIGHT when ELECTRONS return to the electronic ground state from an excited state and lose the energy as PHOTONS. It is sometimes called cool light in contrast to INCANDESCENCE. LUMINESCENT MEASUREMENTS take advantage of this type of light emitted from LUMINESCENT AGENTS.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Carbocyanines
Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.
Electron Transport
The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)
Cell Membrane
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Light
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.
Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins
Protein complexes that take part in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They are located within the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of plant CHLOROPLASTS and a variety of structures in more primitive organisms. There are two major complexes involved in the photosynthetic process called PHOTOSYSTEM I and PHOTOSYSTEM II.
RNA, Transfer
The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.
Biophysics
The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things.
Liposomes
Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.
Spectrophotometry
The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Biophysical Phenomena
The physical characteristics and processes of biological systems.
Dansyl Compounds
Compounds that contain a 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl group.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Phycocyanin
The metal-free blue phycobilin pigment in a conjugated chromoprotein of blue-green algae. It functions as light-absorbing substance together with chlorophylls.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Fluoresceins
A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.
Protein Multimerization
The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS.
Photosystem I Protein Complex
A large multisubunit protein complex that is found in the THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. It uses light energy derived from LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES to drive electron transfer reactions that result in either the reduction of NADP to NADPH or the transport of PROTONS across the membrane.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Phycobilisomes
Light energy harvesting structures attached to the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of CYANOBACTERIA and RED ALGAE. These multiprotein complexes contain pigments (PHYCOBILIPROTEINS) that transfer light energy to chlorophyll a.
Luciferases, Renilla
Luciferases from RENILLA that oxidizes certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to cause emission of PHOTONS.
Heavy Ions
Positively-charged atomic nuclei that have been stripped of their electrons. These particles have one or more units of electric charge and a mass exceeding that of the Helium-4 nucleus (alpha particle).
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Adoptive Transfer
Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE).
Electrons
Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.
Quantum Theory
The theory that the radiation and absorption of energy take place in definite quantities called quanta (E) which vary in size and are defined by the equation E=hv in which h is Planck's constant and v is the frequency of the radiation.
Fluorescein
A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.
Carotenoids
The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.
Mathematics
The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Spectrum Analysis
The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Solar Energy
Energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
Photosynthesis
The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)
Conservation of Energy Resources
Planned management, use, and preservation of energy resources.
Phospholipid Transfer Proteins
A ubiquitous family of proteins that transport PHOSPHOLIPIDS such as PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL and PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE between membranes. They play an important role in phospholipid metabolism during vesicular transport and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.
Patient Transfer
Interfacility or intrahospital transfer of patients. Intrahospital transfer is usually to obtain a specific kind of care and interfacility transfer is usually for economic reasons as well as for the type of care provided.
Microscopy, Confocal
A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.
Photochemistry
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.
Nucleic Acid Conformation
The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.
Photosystem II Protein Complex
A large multisubunit protein complex found in the THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. It uses light energy derived from LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES to catalyze the splitting of WATER into DIOXYGEN and of reducing equivalents of HYDROGEN.
Adenosine Triphosphate
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
Genetic Vectors
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Molecular Conformation
The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.
Alpha Particles
Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two NEUTRONS, i.e. equivalent to HELIUM nuclei, which are emitted during disintegration of heavy ISOTOPES. Alpha rays have very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability.
Phycoerythrin
The metal-free red phycobilin pigment in a conjugated chromoprotein of red algae. It functions as a light-absorbing substance together with chlorophylls.
Models, Theoretical
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Protein Structure, Quaternary
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape and arrangement of multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Quantum Dots
Nanometer sized fragments of semiconductor crystalline material which emit PHOTONS. The wavelength is based on the quantum confinement size of the dot. They can be embedded in MICROBEADS for high throughput ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES.
Transfection
The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.
Lipid Bilayers
Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.
Computer Simulation
Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.
Transfer Factor
Factor derived from leukocyte lysates of immune donors which can transfer both local and systemic cellular immunity to nonimmune recipients.
Ligands
A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Molecular Structure
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
Recombinant Proteins
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
Europium
Europium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.
Metals, Rare Earth
A group of elements that include SCANDIUM; YTTRIUM; and the LANTHANOID SERIES ELEMENTS. Historically, the rare earth metals got their name from the fact that they were never found in their pure elemental form, but as an oxide. In addition they were very difficult to purify. They are not truly rare and comprise about 25% of the metals in the earth's crust.
Rhodopseudomonas
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped, phototrophic bacteria found in aquatic environments. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellae underlying the cytoplasmic membrane.
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Cattle
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Conjugation, Genetic
A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.
Protein Structure, Secondary
The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.
Renewable Energy
Forms of energy that are constantly and rapidly renewed by natural processes such as solar, ocean wave, and wind energy. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Chlorobi
A phylum of anoxygenic, phototrophic bacteria including the family Chlorobiaceae. They occur in aquatic sediments, sulfur springs, and hot springs and utilize reduced sulfur compounds instead of oxygen.
Cysteine
A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.
Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins
Proteins that bind to and transfer CHOLESTEROL ESTERS between LIPOPROTEINS such as LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.
Carrier Proteins
Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.
Nuclear Transfer Techniques
Methods of implanting a CELL NUCLEUS from a donor cell into an enucleated acceptor cell.
Cyanobacteria
A phylum of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria comprised of unicellular to multicellular bacteria possessing CHLOROPHYLL a and carrying out oxygenic PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Cyanobacteria are the only known organisms capable of fixing both CARBON DIOXIDE (in the presence of light) and NITROGEN. Cell morphology can include nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and/or resting cells called akinetes. Formerly called blue-green algae, cyanobacteria were traditionally treated as ALGAE.
Renilla
A genus of bioluminescent marine invertebrates in the family Renillidae, order Pennatulacea, class ANTHOZOA. It contains Renilla LUCIFERASE which oxidizes coelenterazine resulting in LUMINESCENCE.
Protein Folding
Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.
Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
A method used to study the lateral movement of MEMBRANE PROTEINS and LIPIDS. A small area of a cell membrane is bleached by laser light and the amount of time necessary for unbleached fluorescent marker-tagged proteins to diffuse back into the bleached site is a measurement of the cell membrane's fluidity. The diffusion coefficient of a protein or lipid in the membrane can be calculated from the data. (From Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995).
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Catalysis
The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.
Circular Dichroism
A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Water
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Relative Biological Effectiveness
The ratio of radiation dosages required to produce identical change based on a formula comparing other types of radiation with that of gamma or roentgen rays.
COS Cells
CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.
Tendon Transfer
Surgical procedure by which a tendon is incised at its insertion and placed at an anatomical site distant from the original insertion. The tendon remains attached at the point of origin and takes over the function of a muscle inactivated by trauma or disease.
Protons
Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
HEK293 Cells
A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5.
Biopolymers
Polymers synthesized by living organisms. They play a role in the formation of macromolecular structures and are synthesized via the covalent linkage of biological molecules, especially AMINO ACIDS; NUCLEOTIDES; and CARBOHYDRATES.
Macromolecular Substances
Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.
Lasers
An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Protein Interaction Mapping
Methods for determining interaction between PROTEINS.
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Basal Metabolism
Heat production, or its measurement, of an organism at the lowest level of cell chemistry in an inactive, awake, fasting state. It may be determined directly by means of a calorimeter or indirectly by calculating the heat production from an analysis of the end products of oxidation within the organism or from the amount of oxygen utilized.
Pigments, Biological
Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.
Boron Compounds
Inorganic or organic compounds that contain boron as an integral part of the molecule.
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Spherical phototrophic bacteria found in mud and stagnant water exposed to light.
Energy Drinks
Beverages consumed as stimulants and tonics. They usually contain a combination of CAFFEINE with other substances such as herbal supplements; VITAMINS; AMINO ACIDS; and sugar or sugar derivatives.
Phospholipids
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Chlorophyll Binding Proteins
A large family of proteins that have been traditionally classified as the light-harvesting proteins of the photosynthetic reaction complex. Chlorophyll binding proteins are also found in non-photosynthetic settings where they may play a photoprotective role in response to light stress.
Genetic Therapy
Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.
Protein Subunits
Single chains of amino acids that are the units of multimeric PROTEINS. Multimeric proteins can be composed of identical or non-identical subunits. One or more monomeric subunits may compose a protomer which itself is a subunit structure of a larger assembly.
Crystallography, X-Ray
The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Molecular Probes
A group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in MOLECULAR GENETICS to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION.
Rhodopsins, Microbial
Rhodopsin molecules found in microorganisms such as ARCHAEA and PROTEOBACTERIA.
Protein Transport
The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.
Phycobilins
Open chain tetrapyrroles that function as light harvesting chromophores in PHYCOBILIPROTEINS.
Photochemical Processes
Chemical reactions effected by light.
Structure-Activity Relationship
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Biological Transport
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
Calorimetry, Indirect
Calculation of the energy expenditure in the form of heat production of the whole body or individual organs based on respiratory gas exchange.
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
The relationship between the dose of administered radiation and the response of the organism or tissue to the radiation.
Algorithms
A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.
Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates
A class of organic compounds which contain an anilino (phenylamino) group linked to a salt or ester of naphthalenesulfonic acid. They are frequently used as fluorescent dyes and sulfhydryl reagents.
Cricetinae
A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.
Eating
The consumption of edible substances.
Membrane Lipids
Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.
Calorimetry
The measurement of the quantity of heat involved in various processes, such as chemical reactions, changes of state, and formations of solutions, or in the determination of the heat capacities of substances. The fundamental unit of measurement is the joule or the calorie (4.184 joules). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Nanotechnology
The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.
Phosphatidylcholines
Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.
HeLa Cells
The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.
Oxygen Consumption
The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)
Polyacetylenes
Hydrocarbons with more than one triple bond; or an oxidized form of POLYENES. They can react with SULFUR to form THIOPHENES.
Adenoviridae
A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.
DNA Primers
Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.
Spirulina
A genus of filamentous CYANOBACTERIA found in most lakes and ponds. It has been used as a nutritional supplement particularly due to its high protein content.
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Arrestins
Regulatory proteins that down-regulate phosphorylated G-protein membrane receptors, including rod and cone photoreceptors and adrenergic receptors.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
A computer simulation developed to study the motion of molecules over a period of time.
Cercopithecus aethiops
A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.
Membrane Microdomains
Detergent-insoluble CELL MEMBRANE components. They are enriched in SPHINGOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL and clustered with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
CHO Cells
CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Ions
An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.
Bacterial Chromatophores
Organelles of phototrophic bacteria which contain photosynthetic pigments and which are formed from an invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane.
Adenosine Diphosphate
Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
Amino Acid Substitution
The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.
Electrochemistry
The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.
Glucose
A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Escherichia coli Proteins
Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.
Radiation Dosage
The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).
Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
Protein modules with conserved ligand-binding surfaces which mediate specific interaction functions in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS and the specific BINDING SITES of their cognate protein LIGANDS.
Actins
Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.
Oligonucleotides
Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)
Indicators and Reagents
Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)
Fluorometry
An analytical method for detecting and measuring FLUORESCENCE in compounds or targets such as cells, proteins, or nucleotides, or targets previously labeled with FLUORESCENCE AGENTS.
Molecular Imaging
The use of molecularly targeted imaging probes to localize and/or monitor biochemical and cellular processes via various imaging modalities that include RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; and MICROSCOPY.
Body Composition
The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
The largest family of cell surface receptors involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They share a common structure and signal through HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS.
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Oxygen
An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Relocating the active site of activated protein C eliminates the need for its protein S cofactor. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer study. (1/1926)

The effect of replacing the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain of activated protein C (APC) with that of prothrombin on the topography of the membrane-bound enzyme was examined using fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The average distance of closest approach (assuming kappa2 = 2/3) between a fluorescein in the active site of the chimera and octadecylrhodamine at the membrane surface was 89 A, compared with 94 A for wild-type APC. The gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain substitution therefore lowered and/or reoriented the active site, repositioning it close to the 84 A observed for the APC. protein S complex. Protein S enhances wild-type APC cleavage of factor Va at Arg306, but the inactivation rate of factor Va Leiden by the chimera alone is essentially equal to that by wild-type APC plus protein S. These data suggest that the activities of the chimera and of the APC.protein S complex are equivalent because the active site of the chimeric protein is already positioned near the optimal location above the membrane surface to cleave Arg306. Thus, one mechanism by which protein S regulates APC activity is by relocating its active site to the proper position above the membrane surface to optimize factor Va cleavage.  (+info)

Core RNA polymerase from E. coli induces a major change in the domain arrangement of the sigma 70 subunit. (2/1926)

Luminescence resonance energy transfer measurements were used to show that binding of E. coli core RNA polymerase induced major changes in interdomain distances in the sigma 70 subunit. The simplest model describing core-induced changes in sigma 70 involves a movement of the conserved region 1 by approximately 20 A and the conserved region 4.2 by approximately 15 A with respect to conserved region 2. The core-induced movement of region 1 (autoinhibition domain) and region 4.2 (DNA-binding domain) provides structural rationale for allosteric regulation of sigma 70 DNA binding properties by the core and suggests that this regulation may not only involve directly the autoinhibition domain of sigma 70 but also could involve a modulation of spacing between DNA-binding domains of sigma 70 induced by binding of core RNAP.  (+info)

Imaging protein kinase Calpha activation in cells. (3/1926)

Spatially resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), provides a method for tracing the catalytic activity of fluorescently tagged proteins inside live cell cultures and enables determination of the functional state of proteins in fixed cells and tissues. Here, a dynamic marker of protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activation is identified and exploited. Activation of PKCalpha is detected through the binding of fluorescently tagged phosphorylation site-specific antibodies; the consequent FRET is measured through the donor fluorophore on PKCalpha by FLIM. This approach enabled the imaging of PKCalpha activation in live and fixed cultured cells and was also applied to pathological samples.  (+info)

TAKs, thylakoid membrane protein kinases associated with energy transduction. (4/1926)

The phosphorylation of proteins within the eukaryotic photosynthetic membrane is thought to regulate a number of photosynthetic processes in land plants and algae. Both light quality and intensity influence protein kinase activity via the levels of reductants produced by the thylakoid electron transport chain. We have isolated a family of proteins called TAKs, Arabidopsis thylakoid membrane threonine kinases that phosphorylate the light harvesting complex proteins. TAK activity is enhanced by reductant and is associated with the photosynthetic reaction center II and the cytochrome b6f complex. TAKs are encoded by a gene family that has striking similarity to transforming growth factor beta receptors of metazoans. Thus thylakoid protein phosphorylation may be regulated by a cascade of reductant-controlled membrane-bound protein kinases.  (+info)

Single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer on freely diffusing molecules: observation of Forster distance dependence and subpopulations. (5/1926)

Photon bursts from single diffusing donor-acceptor labeled macromolecules were used to measure intramolecular distances and identify subpopulations of freely diffusing macromolecules in a heterogeneous ensemble. By using DNA as a rigid spacer, a series of constructs with varying intramolecular donor-acceptor spacings were used to measure the mean and distribution width of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiencies as a function of distance. The mean single-pair FRET efficiencies qualitatively follow the distance dependence predicted by Forster theory. Possible contributions to the widths of the FRET efficiency distributions are discussed, and potential applications in the study of biopolymer conformational dynamics are suggested. The ability to measure intramolecular (and intermolecular) distances for single molecules implies the ability to distinguish and monitor subpopulations of molecules in a mixture with different distances or conformational states. This is demonstrated by monitoring substrate and product subpopulations before and after a restriction endonuclease cleavage reaction. Distance measurements at single-molecule resolution also should facilitate the study of complex reactions such as biopolymer folding. To this end, the denaturation of a DNA hairpin was examined by using single-pair FRET.  (+info)

Changes in mitochondrial phosphorylative activity and adenylate energy charge of regenerating rabbit liver. (6/1926)

The changes in the cellular concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP and in oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria were investigated in the remaining liver of partially hepatectomized rabbits. The energy charge (defined as half of the average number of anhydride-bonded phosphate groups per adenosine moiety) of the liver remnant decreased from 0.866 to 0.767 (p less than 0.01) within 24 hr after hepatectomy, and then increased to a substantially higher level than normal within 7 days. On the other hand, the mitochondrial phosphyorylative activity increased rapidly to 170 per cent of the control within 12 hr and then retruned to normal within 7 days. The mitochondrial phosphorylative activity was inversely correlated with energy charge of the liver remnant (r = -0.75, p less less than 0.01). The maximal enhancement of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity was found in mitochondria obtained from the liver remnant with the lowest level of energy charge, suggesting a response of mitochondria in vivo involving enhanced biosynthetic ATP-utilizing reactions at an early stage of the regenerating process. The enhancement of phosphorylative activity was accompanied by a rise in the respiratory control ratio, P/O ratio and state 3 respiration. The adenylate kinase [EC 2.7.4.3] activity in the liver remnant increased to more than 160% of the control within 2 days after partial hepatectomy, while the pyruvate kinase [EC 2.7.1.40] activity decreased remarkably. However, the changes in the two enzyme activities did not correlate with those of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity or the energy charge of the liver remnant.  (+info)

Efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and energy dissipation by H+ ion recycling in rat-liver mitochondrial metabolizing pyruvate. (7/1926)

A method was developed for the calculation of metabolic fluxes through individual enzymatic reactions of pyruvate metabolism including the citric acid cycle in rat liver mitochondrial incubated at metabolic states between state 4 and state 3. This method is based on the measurement of the specific radioactivities of the products formed from [2-14C]pyruvate. With this procedure the energy balance of mitochondria incubated in the presence of [2-14C]pyruvate, ATP, bicarbonate and phosphate at different ATP/ADP ratios in the medium was calculated. The ATP/ADP ratios were maintained at a steady state with creatine kinase plus creatine as a phosphoryl acceptor. The calculations revealed that by adding increasing concentrations of creatine up to 20 mM the energy dissipated by the mitochondria decreased but showed a local maximum at 13mM creatine. Omission of bicarbonate from the medium led to a shift of this maximum. When energy dissipation was minimal the overall P/O ratio was maximal. The amount of energy dissipated was paralleled by the magnitude of the pH gradient across the inner membrane. From these results it was concluded that the recycling of H+ ions which consists of a passive leakage of H+ ions into the matrix and an active extrusion of these ions out of this compartment, is an important energy dissipating process. The H+ ion recycling is thus one of the processes which give rise to the state 4 respiration in mitochondria.  (+info)

Stoichiometry of a ligand-gated ion channel determined by fluorescence energy transfer. (8/1926)

We have developed a method to determine the stoichiometry of subunits within an oligomeric cell surface receptor using fluorescently tagged antibodies to the individual subunits and measuring energy transfer between them. Anti-c-Myc monoclonal antibody (mAb 9-E10) derivatized with a fluorophore (europium cryptate, EuK) was used to individually label c-Myc-tagged alpha1-, beta2-, or gamma2-subunits of the hetero-oligomeric gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor in intact cells. The maximal fluorescent signal derived from the alpha1(c-Myc)beta2gamma2 and the alpha1beta2(c-Myc)gamma2 receptors was twice that obtained with alpha1beta2gamma2(c-Myc), suggesting that there are 2x alpha-, 2x beta-, and 1x gamma-subunits in a receptor monomer. This observation was extended using fluorescence energy transfer. Receptors were half-maximally saturated with EuK-anti-c-Myc mAb, and the remaining alpha1(c-Myc) subunits were labeled with excess anti-c-Myc mAb derivatized with the fluorescence energy acceptor, XL665. On exposure to laser light, energy transfer from EuK to XL665 occurred with alpha1(c-Myc)beta2gamma2 and alpha1beta2(c-Myc)gamma2, but no significant energy transfer was observed with alpha1beta2gamma2(c-Myc) receptors, indicating the absence of a second gamma-subunit in a receptor monomer. We confirm that the GABAA receptor subtype, alpha1beta2gamma2, is composed of two copies each of the alpha- and beta-subunits and one copy of the gamma-subunit (i.e. (alpha1)2(beta2)2(gamma2)1) and conclude that this method would have general applicability to other multisubunit cell surface proteins.  (+info)

Two-photon excited fluorescence depolarisation and electronic energy migration within donor-donor pairsTwo-photon excited fluorescence depolarisation and electronic energy migration within donor-donor pairs
A new and general procedure is described for a detailed analysis of time-resolved fluorescence depolarisation data in the presence of electronic energy migration. An isotropic ensemble of bifluorophoric molecules (D1-R-D2) has been studied to demonstrate its utility. Intramolecular donor-donor energy migration occurs between the two donor groups (D), which are covalently connected to a rigid linker group (R). These groups undergo restricted reorientational motions with respect to the R group. The analysis of depolarisation data basically involves the search for best-fit parameters which describe the local reorienting motions, the interfluorophore D1-D2 distance, as well as the mutual orientations of the donors. For this, the analysis is partly performed in the Fourier domain and the best-fit parameters are determined by using an approach based on a Genetic Algorithm. The energy migration process has been described by using Monte Carlo simulations and an extended Förster theory. It is found that ...
http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:458793
Investigation of the Electrical-to-Thermal Energy Transfer Efficiency of Different Discharge Strategies Through Electrical and...Investigation of the Electrical-to-Thermal Energy Transfer Efficiency of Different Discharge Strategies Through Electrical and...
In this paper, the electrical-to-thermal energy transfer efficiency of the transistor coil ignition system for spark-ignition engines is investigated using both electrical and calorimetry measurements. The gap voltage and discharge current are measured to determine the electrical energy supplied to the spark gap. A pressure-rise calorimeter is used to estimate the thermal energy transferred from the plasma channel to the gas. Firstly, this paper studies the influences of spark gap size, electrode geometry and background pressure on the energy transfer efficiency. To further investigate the effectiveness of increasing breakdown energy on the energy transfer process, a direct-capacitor is paralleled to the spark gap to redistribute the spark energy in both breakdown and glow phases. The varying of the capacitance enables the investigation of the energy transfer efficiency under different breakdown energy level. Results show that the electrical-to-thermal energy transfer efficiency is strongly ...
https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ICEF/proceedings-abstract/ICEF2019/59346/V001T03A015/1071645
Femtosecond transient absorption of zinc porphyrins with oligo(phenylethylnyl) linkers in solution and on TiO<sub>2</sub>...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Femtosecond transient absorption of zinc porphyrins with oligo(phenylethylnyl) linkers in solution and on TiO2 films. AU - Chang, Chih Wei. AU - Luo, Liyang. AU - Chou, Chung Kung. AU - Lo, Chen Fu. AU - Lin, Ching Yao. AU - Hung, Chen Shiung. AU - Lee, Yuan Pern. AU - Diau, Eric Wei Guang. PY - 2009/7/9. Y1 - 2009/7/9. N2 - We measured femtosecond transient absorption of dye solutions and TiO 2 films sensitized with two zinc porphyrins (PE1 and PE4) to investigate the interfacial dynamics of electron transfer in relation to the dependence of cell performance on the length of the linker (Lin, C.-Y.; Lo, C.-F.; Luo, L.; Lu, H.-P.; Hung, C.-S.; Diau, E. W.-G. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 755-764). For both porphyrins adsorbed on TiO2 films with S 1 excitation (λex = 620 nm), the transient absorption kinetics probed at 630 nm and 4.9 μm are complementary to each other because only the excited-state and ground-state species were observed at 630 nm whereas only the charge-separation ...
https://pure.ncue.edu.tw/en/publications/femtosecond-transient-absorption-of-zinc-porphyrins-with-oligophe
On the quantitative analysis of electronic energy transfer/migration in proteins studied by fluorescence spectroscopyOn the quantitative analysis of electronic energy transfer/migration in proteins studied by fluorescence spectroscopy
Two recently developed theories of electronic energy transfer/migration were for the first time applied to real protein systems for extracting molecular distances. The partial donor-donor energy migration (PDDEM) is an extension to the previously developed donor-donor energy migration (DDEM, F Bergström et al PNAS 96, 1999, 12477) which allows using chemically identical but photophysically different fluorophores in energy migration experiments. A method based on fluorescence quenching was investigated and applied to create an asymmetric energy migration between fluorophores which were covalently and specifically attached to plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2). It was also shown experimentally that distance information can be obtained if the fluorescence relaxation for photophysically identical donors, exhibits multi-exponential relaxation.. An extended Förster theory (EFT) that was previously derived (L. B.-Å. Johansson et al J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105) ha been developed for ...
http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:139967
On the Mechanism of Light Harvesting in Photosynthetic Purple Bacteria: B800 to B850 Energy Transfer<...On the Mechanism of Light Harvesting in Photosynthetic Purple Bacteria: B800 to B850 Energy Transfer<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - On the Mechanism of Light Harvesting in Photosynthetic Purple Bacteria. T2 - B800 to B850 Energy Transfer. AU - Scholes, Gregory D.. AU - Fleming, Graham R.. PY - 2000/3/2. Y1 - 2000/3/2. N2 - The rate of energy transfer from B800 to B850 in the peripheral light harvesting complex LH2 is modeled in detail. A method for determining ensemble average energy transfer rates in complex, coupled multichromophoric systems is reported and is employed to investigate the interplay of electron-phonon coupling (fast fluctuations of the protein) and site energy disorder (slow fluctuations) on the spectral overlap between donor and acceptor, and therefore the energy transfer rate. A series of model calculations for Rb. sphaeroides is reported. The disorder is found to have a marked influence on the calculated rate of energy transfer and is responsible for a faster energy transfer time than would occur in its absence and furthermore accounts for the weak temperature dependence observed in ...
https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/on-the-mechanism-of-light-harvesting-in-photosynthetic-purple-bac
Cation to anion triplet-triplet energy transfer in crystalline organic salts | UBC ChemistryCation to anion triplet-triplet energy transfer in crystalline organic salts | UBC Chemistry
Irradiation of crystalline salts formed between sensitizer-linked amines and photochemically reactive carboxylic acids at wavelengths where only the sensitizers absorb leads to characteristic triplet state reactivity of the carboxylate anions. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. ...
https://chem.ubc.ca/cation-anion-triplet-triplet-energy-transfer-crystalline-organic-salts-0
Wireless Energy Transfer SystemWireless Energy Transfer System
A wireless energy transfer system includes a first energy transfer unit having at least one resonant frequency, a second energy transfer unit having the at least one resonant frequency, and a load. The first wireless energy transfer unit includes a first coil magnetically coupled to a first wireless energy transfer cell, and the second wireless energy transfer unit includes a second coil magnetically coupled to a second wireless energy transfer cell. The first coil receives first energy and through the magnetic coupling between the first coil and the first wireless energy transfer cell, the first wireless energy transfer cell is caused to generate second energy, wherein the second wireless energy transfer cell receives the second energy and through the magnetic coupling between the second wireless energy transfer cell and the second coil, the second coil is caused to provide third electromagnetic wave energy to the load.
https://www.ideaconnection.com/patents/12741-Wireless-Energy-Transfer-System.html
Excitation energy transfer between monomolecular layers of light harvesting LH2 and LH1-reaction centre complexes printed on a...Excitation energy transfer between monomolecular layers of light harvesting LH2 and LH1-reaction centre complexes printed on a...
Previous work using reconstituted membranes has shown that energy transfer can be observed in mixed assemblies of LH2 and RCLH1 complexes,36-38 but controlling the relative stoichiometries and two-dimensional organization of energy donor/acceptor photosynthetic complexes on a nanometer scale, and the locations where excitation energy can migrate between them, presents new challenges. For some time, it has been possible to construct nanoarrays of single types of photosynthetic complex, starting with the light-harvesting LH2 complex of Rba. sphaeroides,18,19,21 and later the RCLH1 complex20 and the LHCII complex of plants.22 In each case the function of the complex, in terms of fluorescence emission, was retained; for LHCII it was possible to directly image the ability of immobilized molecules of LHCII to switch between fluorescent and quenched states. For LH2, there were indications of long-range excitation energy transfer; 80 nm-wide nanolines of LH2 complexes exhibited energy propagation on ...
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2020/lc/d0lc00156b
Photosynthesis: How Proteins Control Excitation Energy Transfer: Medicine & Healthcare Book Chapter | IGI GlobalPhotosynthesis: How Proteins Control Excitation Energy Transfer: Medicine & Healthcare Book Chapter | IGI Global
Photosynthesis: How Proteins Control Excitation Energy Transfer: 10.4018/978-1-60566-076-9.ch034: This chapter introduces the theory of optical spectra and excitation energy transfer of light harvesting complexes in photosynthesis. The light energy
https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/photosynthesis-proteins-control-excitation-energy/21556
Steric hindrances and spectral distributions affecting energy transfer rate: A comparative study on specifically designed donor...
In this work the photophysics of four bichromophoric units was studied by means of static and time resolved spectroscopy, with the aim of disentangling the contribution of steric and electronic factors in regulating the efficiency of electronic energy transfer (EET). The newly synthesized dyads share the same acceptor moiety, a substituted BODIPY chromophore, and differ either in the donor or in the molecular bridge connecting the two units. The use of different linkers allows for tuning the conformational flexibility of the dyad, while changing the donor has an influence on the electronic coupling and spectral overlap between the two chromophores. The efficiency of energy transfer is extremely high in all the four dyads and can be modelled within the frame of the Förster equation. In the special case of a dimeric donor, a theoretical analysis was performed to further support the experimental findings. Geometry optimization at DFT level indicated that different conformations with similar energy ...
https://research.unipg.it/handle/11391/1462322
Energy Transfer LP : Announces Quarterly Cash Distribution and Earnings Release and Earnings Call Dates - Energy News Today
Energy Transfer LP (NYSE: ET) today announced a quarterly cash distribution of $0.1525 per ET common unit ($0.61 on an annualized basis) for the first quarter ended March 31, 2021. The announced quarterly distribution is consistent with the distribution for the fourth quarter of 2020 and will be paid on May 19, 2021 to unitholders of record as of the close of business on May 11, 2021.. First Quarter 2021 Earnings Release and Conference Call. In addition, Energy Transfer plans to release earnings for the first quarter 2021 on Thursday, May 6, 2021, after the market closes. The company will conduct a conference call on Thursday, May 6, 2021 at 4:00 p.m. Central Time/5:00 p.m. Eastern Time to discuss quarterly results and provide a company update. The conference call will be broadcast live via an internet webcast, which can be accessed on Energy Transfers website at energytransfer.com. The call will also be available for replay on Energy Transfers website for a limited time.. Energy Transfer LP ...
https://newsforenergy.com/energy-transfer/energy-transfer-lp-announces-quarterly-cash-distribution-and-earnings-release-and-earnings-call-dates/
Sensors | Free Full-Text | Theoretical Studies on Two-Photon Fluorescent Hg2+ Probes Based on the Coumarin-Rhodamine SystemSensors | Free Full-Text | Theoretical Studies on Two-Photon Fluorescent Hg2+ Probes Based on the Coumarin-Rhodamine System
The development of fluorescent sensors for Hg2+ has attracted much attention due to the well-known adverse effects of mercury on biological health. In the present work, the optical properties of two newly-synthesized Hg2+ chemosensors based on the coumarin-rhodamine system (named Pro1 and Pro2) were systematically investigated using time-dependent density functional theory. It is shown that Pro1 and Pro2 are effective ratiometric fluorescent Hg2+ probes, which recognize Hg2+ by Förster resonance energy transfer and through bond energy transfer mechanisms, respectively. To further understand the mechanisms of the two probes, we have developed an approach to predict the energy transfer rate between the donor and acceptor. Using this approach, it can be inferred that Pro1 has a six times higher energy transfer rate than Pro2. Thus the influence of spacer group between the donor and acceptor on the sensing performance of the probe is demonstrated. Specifically, two-photon absorption properties of these two
http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1672
MPL Home Page
Artificial Light-Harvesting Arrays: Electronic Energy Migration and Trapping on a Sphere and between Spheres A sophisticated model of the natural light-harvesting antenna has been devised by decorating a C60 hexa-adduct with ten yellow and two blue boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) dyes in such a way that the dyes retain their individuality and assist solubility of the fullerene. Unusually, the fullerene core is a poor electron acceptor and does not enter into light-induced electron-transfer reactions with the appended dyes, but ineffective electronic energy transfer from the excited-state dye to the C60 residue competes with fluorescence from the yellow dye. Intraparticle electronic energy transfer from yellow to blue dyes can be followed by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and by excitation spectra for isolated C60 nanoparticles dissolved in dioxane at 293 K and at 77 K. Full article ...
http://research.ncl.ac.uk/mpl/
Department of Chemistry
Inteins as Traceless Purification Tags for Unnatural Amino Acid Proteins. Batjargal, S.; Walters, C. R.; Petersson, E. J.. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 1734-1737.. Specific Modulation of Protein Activity Through a Bioorthogonal Reaction. Warner, J. B.; Muthusamy, A. K.; Petersson, E. J.. ChemBioChem 2014, 24, 2508-2514.. Thioamide-Based Fluorescent Protease Sensors. Goldberg, J. M.; Chen, X. S.; Meinhardt, N.; Greenbaum, D. C.; Petersson, E. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 2086-2093.. Efficient Synthesis and In Vivo Incorporation of Acridonylalanine, a Fluorescent Amino Acid for Lifetime and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer/Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Studies Speight, L. C.; Muthusamy, A. K.; Goldberg, J. M.; Warner, J. B.; Wissner, R. F.; Willi, T.; Woodman, B.; Mehl, R. A.; Petersson, E. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 18806-18814.. Expressed Protein Ligation at Methionine: N-terminal Attachment of Homocysteine, Ligation, and Masking. Tanaka, T.; Wagner, A. M.; Warner, J. B.; ...
https://www.chem.upenn.edu/profile/e-james-petersson
China Dts-2L Series Three Phase Electronic Energy Meter - China Kwh Meter, Energy MeterChina Dts-2L Series Three Phase Electronic Energy Meter - China Kwh Meter, Energy Meter
China Dts-2L Series Three Phase Electronic Energy Meter, Find details about China Kwh Meter, Energy Meter from Dts-2L Series Three Phase Electronic Energy Meter - Yueqing Tainihan Electrical Technology Co., Ltd.
http://tyneham2017.en.made-in-china.com/product/yjFnruBOkxVo/China-Dts-2L-Series-Three-Phase-Electronic-Energy-Meter.html
OSA | Efficient Nd3+→Yb3+ energy transfer in 0.8CaSiO3-0.2Ca3(PO4)2 eutectic glassOSA | Efficient Nd3+→Yb3+ energy transfer in 0.8CaSiO3-0.2Ca3(PO4)2 eutectic glass
In this work we report the study of energy transfer between Nd3+ and Yb3+ ions in glasses with the 0.8CaSiO3-0.2Ca3(PO4)2 eutectic composition at room temperature by using steady-state and time-resolved laser spectroscopy. The Nd3+→Yb3+ transfer efficiency obtained from the Nd3+ lifetimes in the single doped and codoped samples reaches 73% for the highest Nd3+ concentration. The donor decay curves obtained under pulsed excitation have been used to establish the multipolar nature of the Nd3+→ Yb3+ transfer process and the energy transfer microparameter. The nonradiative energy transfer is consistent with an electric dipole-dipole interaction mechanism assisted by energy migration among donors. Back transfer from Yb3+ to Nd3+ is also observed.. ©2010 Optical Society of America. Full Article , PDF Article ...
https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-18-13-13842
Energy transfer characteristics of the hydrogen peroxide induced Ce3+-Ce4+ mixture | AVESİSEnergy transfer characteristics of the hydrogen peroxide induced Ce3+-Ce4+ mixture | AVESİS
Luminescence of Ce3+ in the hydrogen peroxide induced sulfuric acid solutions was observed to be quenched by Ce4+ ions in the solution by energy transfer due to electric dipole interaction between Ce3+ and Ce4+. A systematic investigation of the energy transfer characteristics of Ce3+-Ce4+ mixture has been made by measuring the absorption, luminescence and excitation spectra at room temperature. The effect, of the concentration of Ce3+ on the energy transfer process has been also studied and the critical transfer distance (R-o) has been calculated considering Forster type interaction between the ions and found to be 8.7 Angstrom for the mixture of 1 x 10(-4) mol l(-1) Ce3+ and 3 x 10(-4) mol l(-1) Ce4+. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. ...
https://avesis.itu.edu.tr/yayin/2bbcfa37-79be-473f-84e0-689ef1b86b83/energy-transfer-characteristics-of-the-hydrogen-peroxide-induced-ce3-ce4-mixture
Complexity of excited-state dynamics in DNAComplexity of excited-state dynamics in DNA
Absorption of ultraviolet light by DNA is known to lead to carcinogenic mutations, but the processes between photon absorption and the photochemical reactions are poorly understood. In their study of the excited-stated dynamics of model DNA helices using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy1, Crespo-Hernández et al. observe that the picosecond component of the transient signals recorded for the adenine-thymine oligonucleotide (dA)18•(dT)18 is close to that for (dA)18, but quite different from that for (dAdT)9•(dAdT)9; from this observation, they conclude that excimer formation limits excitation energy to one strand at a time. Here we use timeresolved fluorescence spectroscopy to probe the excited-state dynamics, which reveals the complexity of these systems and indicates that the interpretation of Crespo-Hernández et al. is an oversimplification. We also comment on the pertinence of separating base stacking and base pairing in excited-state dynamics of double helices and question the
http://iramis.cea.fr/Phocea/Vie_des_labos/Ast/ast_visu.php?id_ast=679
Molecular-wire Behavior Of Oled Materials: Exciton Dynamics In Multich by Victor A. Montes, Cesar Perez-Bolıvar et al.Molecular-wire Behavior Of Oled Materials: Exciton Dynamics In Multich by Victor A. Montes, Cesar Perez-Bolıvar et al.
Donor-bridge-acceptor triads consisting of the Alq3 complex, oligofluorene bridge, and PtII tetraphenylporphyrin (PtTPP) were synthesized. The triads were designed to study the energy level/distance-dependence in energy transfer both in a solution and in solid state. The materials show effective singlet transfer from the Alq3-fluorene fluorophore to the porphyrin, while the triplet energy transfer, owing to the shorter delocalization of triplet excitons, appears to take place via a triplet energy cascade. Using femtosecond transient spectroscopy, the rate of the singlet−singlet energy transfer was determined. The exponential dependence of the donor−acceptor distance and the respective energy transfer rates of 7.1 × 1010 to 1.0 × 109 s-1 with the attenuation factor â of 0.21 ± 0.02 Å-1 suggest that the energy transfer proceeds via a mixed incohererent wire/superexchange mechanism. In the OLEDs fabricated using the Alq3-oligofluorene-PtTPP triads with better triplet level alignment, the order of
https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/chem_pub/126/
A new medium for triplet-triplet annihilated upconversion and photocatalytic application - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ...A new medium for triplet-triplet annihilated upconversion and photocatalytic application - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ...
Since the triplet-triplet annihilated upconversion (TTA-UC) materials work efficiently only in degassing organic solvents, it is of significance to find a new medium without toxicity and volatility and that promotes TTA-UC. Here, we firstly reported the effect of an OH-containing medium on low power upconver
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/CP/C5CP05288B
Dynamics of a Linear Oscillator Coupled to a Bistable Light Attachment: Numerical Study | Journal of Computational and...Dynamics of a Linear Oscillator Coupled to a Bistable Light Attachment: Numerical Study | Journal of Computational and...
The conservative and dissipative dynamics of a 2DOF, system composed of a grounded linear oscillator coupled to a lightweight mass by means of both strongly nonlinear and linear negative stiffnesses is investigated. Numerical studies are presented aiming to assess the influence of this combined coupling on the transient dynamics. In particular, these studies are focused on passive nonlinear targeted energy transfer from the impulsively excited linear oscillator to the nonlinear bistable lightweight attachment. It is shown that the main feature of the proposed configuration is the ability of assuring broadband efficient energy transfer over a broad range of input energy. Due to the bistability of the attachment, such favorable behavior is triggered by different nonlinear dynamic mechanisms depending on the energy level. For high energy levels, strongly modulated oscillations occur, and the dynamics is governed by fundamental (1:1) and superharmonic (1:3) resonances; for low energy levels, chaotic ...
http://computationalnonlinear.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=1852168
Instruments | Département de chimie
Femtosecond transient absorption spectrometer Our femtosecond transient absorption spectrometer is a homemade pump-continuum-probe setup. The main femtosecond laser source is a Ti:Sapphire system from Spectra-Physics (Tsunami oscillator followed by a Spitfire regenerative amplifier). It delivers 50-fs ~0.7 mJ pulses at 1 kHz around 800 nm. Tunable pump pulses in the visible are produced by a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA, Clark-MXR). A broadband continuum probe is obtained by self-phase modulation of a 800-nm beam in a CaF2 plate. Its time delay with respect to the pump is adjusted in a motorized optical delay line. The pump and probe beams are focused with parabolic mirrors and overlapped in the sample, kept in a 1-mm cell. The sample may be constantly displaced in two directions to avoid the re-excitation of a previously excited area. The sample may also be thermostated with the help of a water bath circulated through the sample holder. Fig 1 gives a schematic view of the ...
http://www.chimie.ens.fr/?q=pasteur/pcu/instruments
MECHANISM OF ENERGY-TRANSFER IN COLLISIONAL ACTIVATION OF KILOELECTRON-VOLT MACROMOLECULAR IONS - WRAP: Warwick Research...MECHANISM OF ENERGY-TRANSFER IN COLLISIONAL ACTIVATION OF KILOELECTRON-VOLT MACROMOLECULAR IONS - WRAP: Warwick Research...
UNSPECIFIED (1989) MECHANISM OF ENERGY-TRANSFER IN COLLISIONAL ACTIVATION OF KILOELECTRON-VOLT MACROMOLECULAR IONS. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES, 44 (3). pp. 245-246 ...
http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/23934/
Staff Profile - Natural and Environmental Sciences, School of - Newcastle UniversityStaff Profile - Natural and Environmental Sciences, School of - Newcastle University
i) Photosynthetic organisms are exquisitely arranged so as to capture incident sunlight with high efficacy, and transmit the transient excitation energy to a reaction centre where chemical reactions are initiated. The energy-transfer mechanism is often described by semi-classical models that invoke hopping of the wave-packet along discrete energy levels and over considerable distances set in 3-dimensional space. These energy levels combine to form a large peripheral light-harvesting antenna coupled to individual reaction centres. Many attempts have been made to duplicate the essential features of the natural process, ignoring elaborate events such as self-repair and quantum coherence, and great progress has been made in understanding the basic energy-transfer steps. Mostly, these bio-inspired molecular systems have been studied as standalone entities in 2-dimensions, with little consideration given to longer-range energy transfer between moieties embedded in a solid matrix. We have built and ...
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/nes/staff/profile/anthonyharriman.html
Brevet US5755748 - Transcutaneous energy transfer device - Google BrevetsBrevet US5755748 - Transcutaneous energy transfer device - Google Brevets
In the design of transcutaneous energy transfer devices variation in spacing between the coils results in energy transfer efficiency changes. These changes may have other causes. It is proposed to use an autotuning circuit and a voltage control circuit in cooperation with feedback from the internal coil in order to better maintain energy transfer levels as desirable. The feedback is typically provided via IR communication; however, when skin is highly pigmented, IR communication is inefficient. A method and system for using RF signals to accomplish the communication is disclosed.
http://www.google.fr/patents/US5755748
talks.cam : Bypassing the energy functional in density functional theory: Direct calculation of electronic energies from...talks.cam : Bypassing the energy functional in density functional theory: Direct calculation of electronic energies from...
Bypassing the energy functional in density functional theory: Direct calculation of electronic energies from conditional probability ...
https://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/152938
Electronic Energy Bands in Potassium
The method of orthogonalized plane waves is applied to a calculation of electronic energy levels in potassium, using a potential obtained from a self-consistent field. The energies of twenty-four states at four symmetry points in the Brillouin zone have been obtained. The lowest band is dismissed in detail and the qualitative features of the density of states are presented. Departures from free electron bands are found. Comparison of higher bands with some other calculations suggests that certain features of band schemes may be reasonably independent of the potential used.
https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0092829
British Library EThOS: Collision-induced energy transfer in ground and excited state free radicalsBritish Library EThOS: Collision-induced energy transfer in ground and excited state free radicals
This thesis describes studies of collisional energy transfer in two small, combustion relevant free radicals. Collision-induced electronic energy transfer (EET) between the B2r and A2 fj. states of the CH and CD radicals was investigated with the collision partners He, Ar, H2, N2, CO and C02 using a dispersed laser induced fluorescence technique. CH or CD radicals were prepared photolytically, and excited into a single rotational level in either of the B2::E-, v ==°or A211, v =1 levels. Wavelength dispersed, time-resolved emission was then recorded from the initial and product states. Microscopic rate constants for vibronically resolved transfer between the two electronic states were determined for each collision partner, as well as those for vibrational energy transfer in the A state and total removal to other, unobserved states. EET was demonstrated to be ubiquitous, occurring with all of the collision partners used in the study, with varying efficiencies. These relative efficiencies ...
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491422
Energy Transfer Partners, LP (ETP) has a Market value of 22.57 Billion
OppenheimerFunds Inc. raised its position in Energy Transfer Equity, L.P.by 4.3% in the first quarter.. 05/10/2017 - ENERGY TRANSFER PARTNERS was upgraded to by analysts at Sanford C. Bernstein. The stock of Energy Transfer Partners LP (NYSE:ETP) has Buy rating given on Tuesday, August 11 by Stifel Nicolaus. Goldman Sachs maintained it with Neutral rating and $17 target in Wednesday, July 13 report. Finally, ValuEngine lowered shares of Energy Transfer Equity, L.P. from a buy rating to a hold rating in a research report on Friday, June 2nd. The firm has Outperform rating given on Wednesday, May 10 by Bernstein. They set a buy rating and a $20.00 price target on the stock. One research analyst has rated the stock with a sell rating, seven have assigned a hold rating, ten have issued a buy rating and one has issued a strong buy rating to the companys stock.. Global X Management Co Llc decreased its stake in Yandex N V (YNDX) by 22.57% based on its latest 2016Q4 regulatory filing with ...
http://lesliechivers.com/2017/08/10/energy-transfer-partners-lp-etp-has-a-market-value-of-22-57/
The feasibility of coherent energy transfer in microtubules by Travis J. A. Craddock, Douglas E. Friesen et al.The feasibility of coherent energy transfer in microtubules by Travis J. A. Craddock, Douglas E. Friesen et al.
It was once purported that biological systems were far too warm and wet to support quantum phenomena mainly owing to thermal effects disrupting quantum coherence. However, recent experimental results and theoretical analyses have shown that thermal energy may assist, rather than disrupt, quantum coherent transport, especially in the dry hydrophobic interiors of biomolecules. Specifically, evidence has been accumulating for the necessary involvement of quantum coherent energy transfer between uniquely arranged chromophores in light harvesting photosynthetic complexes. The tubulin subunit proteins, which comprise microtubules, also possess a distinct architecture of chromophores, namely aromatic amino acids, including tryptophan. The geometry and dipolar properties of these aromatics are similar to those found in photosynthetic units indicating that tubulin may support coherent energy transfer. Tubulin aggregated into microtubule geometric lattices may support such energy transfer, which could be
https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_facarticles/939/
Data Processing | W.M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging, U.Va.
Where j is the jth range of intensity, m is the number of pixel in a and d, n is the number of pixel in e and g, DSBTi is the donor bleed-through of the pixel (i) in f, ai is the intensity of pixel i, so is bi, and ei, k is the number of range, DSBT is the total donor bleed-through, ASBTi is the acceptor bleed-through of the pixel (i) in f, ci is the intensity of pixel i, so is di, and gi.k is the number of range, ASBT is the total acceptor bleed-through.. The precision FRET (PFRET) is calculated using following equation where uFRET represents uncorrected FRET which is image f:. PFRET=uFRET-DSBT-ASBT. Energy transfer efficiency (E). Conventionally, energy transfer efficiency (E) is calculated by ratioing the donor image in the presence (IDA) and absence (ID) of acceptor. When using the algorithm as described, we indirectly obtained the ID image by using the PFRET image (Elangovan et al., 2003). ID=IDA+PFRET where IDA is image e. The efficiency calculation is shown in following ...
http://kcci.virginia.edu/fret/dataprocess
Patent US7062331 - Methods and apparatus for providing a sufficiently stable power to a load in ... - Google PatentsPatent US7062331 - Methods and apparatus for providing a sufficiently stable power to a load in ... - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for providing a sufficiently stable power to a load in an energy transfer system that transfers energy from one side of a physical boundary to another side of he boundary. In one example, a power supply and a primary winding are located on a first side of a physical boundary (e.g., external to a body), and a secondary winding and the load are located on a second side of the physical boundary (e.g., internal to the body). A primary voltage across the primary winding is regulated so as to provide a sufficiently stable output power to the load notwithstanding changes in the load and/or changes in a relative position of the primary winding and the secondary winding. One aspect of the invention relates to energy transfer methods and apparatus for use in connection with the human body. In particular, one example of the invention includes a transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) system for transferring power from a power supply external to the body to a device implanted in the body.
http://www.google.com.au/patents/US7062331
Special Energy Seminar: Jessica Anna, Univ. of Toronto | Department of Chemistry
From Dynamic Equilibrium to Photoinitiated Processes: Tracking Condensed Phase Dynamics. Abstract. Many important processes in chemistry and biology occur in the solution phase, including protein conformation changes, energy transfer processes, and proton and electron transfer reactions. Understanding condensed phase dynamics is essential for describing and predicting these processes, which is why it is a prevailing topic throughout the scientific community. In this talk I will discuss two different research topics that explore different processes in condensed phase systems. The first focuses on understanding ultrafast photoinitiated processes of photosystem I, a light harvesting complex that catalyzes oxygenic photosynthesis. Here two- dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) gives remarkable insight into the very first steps of light harvesting in photosynthesis. The second explores dynamic equilibrium in a fluxional metal-carbonyl complex. Here two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy ...
https://www.chem.upenn.edu/event/2014/01/special-energy-seminar-jessica-anna-univ-toronto
Patent US5728528 - Universal spacer/energy transfer dyes - Google PatentsPatent US5728528 - Universal spacer/energy transfer dyes - Google Patents
Fluorescent labels are provided employing energy absorber/donor components and energy acceptor/fluorescer components joined together by a spacer which comprises sugar phosphate monomeric units, particularly ribosyl phosphate monomeric units, where the sugar groups are free of active hydroxyl groups. Particularly, an energy transfer component is substituted at the 5 position of the spacer chain, while the other energy transfer component is substituted at the 1 position of the 3 terminal ribosyl group of the label forming an ET cassette for linking to a nucleic acid sequence with any compositions. By employing combinations of ET components, with a common energy absorber/donor and different fluorescers, one can provide for families of labels which can be tagged to any target molecules and which can be excited at a single wavelength and fluoresce at different wavelengths with large Stokes shifts. The compositions find particular application in sequencing.
http://www.google.com/patents/US5728528?dq=ascentive
Why Are Energy Transfer Equity LP (ETE) Shares Surging This Morning? - IR.net
The institutional sentiment decreased to 0.7 in Q2 2015. Its down 0.32, from 1.02 in 2015Q2. The ratio dived, as 78 funds sold all their Energy Transfer Equity LP shares they owned while 123 reduced their positions. 28 funds bought stakes while 112 increased their total positions. Institutions now own 1.02 billion shares which is 305.12% more than the previous share count of 251.55 million in 2015Q2.. Walnut Private Equity Partners Llc holds 21.12% of its total portfolio in Energy Transfer Equity LP, equating to 1.20 million shares. Yorkville Capital Management Llc owns 863,918 shares representing 17.95% of their total US portfolio. Moreover, C V Starr & Co Inc has 12.12% of their total portfolio invested in the company, equating to 110,230 shares. The Kansas-based Whetstone Capital Advisors Llc has a total of 10.07% of their portfolio invested in the stock. Heronetta Management L.P., a New York-based fund reported 638,780 shares owned.. Energy Transfer Equity, L.P. is a limited partnership ...
http://ir.net/news/stock-news/123705/why-are-energy-transfer-equity-lp-ete-shares-surging-this-morning/
ENERGY TRANSFER PARTNERS(NYSE:ETP) Stock Performance - ValinvENERGY TRANSFER PARTNERS(NYSE:ETP) Stock Performance - Valinv
View stock charts, earnings and estimates(fiscal report), company news, insider tradings, outstading shares and analysis on ENERGY TRANSFER PARTNERS(NYSE:ETP) at Valinv.com.
https://www.valinv.com/stock/ETP
Non-radiative energy transfer in hybrid structures combining InGaN single QWs and light-emitting polymers - StrathprintsNon-radiative energy transfer in hybrid structures combining InGaN single QWs and light-emitting polymers - Strathprints
Watson, I.M. and Heliotis, G. and Itskos, G. and Lagoudakis, P.G. and Feldmann, J. and Murray, R. and Bradley, D.D.C. and Dawson, M.D. (2006) Non-radiative energy transfer in hybrid structures combining InGaN single QWs and light-emitting polymers. In: 6th International Symposium on Blue Laser and Light Emitting Diodes (ISBLLED 2006), 2006-05-15 - 2006-05-19. (Unpublished) Full text not available in this repository.Request a copy from the Strathclyde author ...
https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/9045/
Energy transfer in the azobenzene-naphthalene light harvesting system<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Energy transfer in the azobenzene-naphthalene light harvesting system. AU - Abdallah, Dalia. AU - Whelan, Jamie. AU - Dust, Julian M.. AU - Hoz, Shmaryahu. AU - Buncel, Erwin. PY - 2009/6/18. Y1 - 2009/6/18. N2 - We have investigated the model light harvesting systems (LHSs) A and B typifying energy transfer (ET) between a naphthalene, Np (donor, D), and an azobenzene, Az (acceptor, A), shown schematically in Scheme 2. These models were actualized as the naphthyl azo molecules 1 and 4 containing a methylene tether (Scheme 1). The methoxy azo molecules 2 and 5, respectively, served as benchmarks for the assessment of ET. Photophysical data, including initial rate constants for photoisomerization (trans to cis, t-1 →c-1, and cis to trans, c-1 →t-1), the relevant c-1 →t-1 quantum yields, and fluorescence quenching with free naphthalene, 3, as D were measured. Therefore, (1) irradiation of 3 at (270 nm) to give 3* generates fluorescence at 340 nm that is 65% quenched by the ...
https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/energy-transfer-in-the-azobenzene-naphthalene-light-harvesting-sy
6 Science Unit 2 Energy Transfers | Ms Kaufmans Blog6 Science Unit 2 Energy Transfers | Ms Kaufmans Blog
6H, please click HERE for all of our daily lesson plans in Science.. Energy can be transferred from one form to another. Sometimes we want to transfer energy in a useful way, but other times we want to prefer to prevent energy transfer.. ...
http://blogs.yis.ac.jp/kaufmana/6-science-energy-transfers/
WO2002022883 COMBINATORIAL FLUORESCENCE ENERGY TRANSFER TAGS AND USES THEREOFWO2002022883 COMBINATORIAL FLUORESCENCE ENERGY TRANSFER TAGS AND USES THEREOF
This patent search tool allows you not only to search the PCT database of about 2 million International Applications but also the worldwide patent collections. This search facility features: flexible search syntax; automatic word stemming and relevance ranking; as well as graphical results.
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2002022883
Tesla transfers energy support division away from Utah - ElectrekTesla transfers energy support division away from Utah - Electrek
Tesla has a large office in Draper, Utah that it inherited from its acquisition of SolarCity.. Therefore, many of the employees work for Teslas energy division, but it also expended to other operations and customer support roles. Hundreds of Tesla employees now work at the location.. Earlier today, we received tips from employees saying that Tesla was mass-firing people and several people took to social media with similar claims affecting Teslas energy division.. We have reached out to Tesla for a comment on the situation and the company said that it is only transferring its energy support division from Utah in order to centralize it.. A Tesla spokesperson sent us the following comment:. ...
https://electrek.co/2018/10/10/tesla-transfers-energy-support-division-utah/
EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER BY COLLISIONS BETWEEN EXCITED RUBIDIUM ATOMSEXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER BY COLLISIONS BETWEEN EXCITED RUBIDIUM ATOMS
1. (1)中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室，武汉 430071; (2)中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所波谱与原子分子物理国家重点实验室，武汉 430071;中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所激光光谱学开放实验室，合肥 ...
http://wulixb.iphy.ac.cn/en/article/id/6685
2014-15 Archive2014-15 Archive
Abstract: According to the theory of quantum electrodynamics, transfer of electronic energy between molecules occurs through the exchange of photons. The nature of energy transfer is highly dependent on distances between molecular centres involved in the transfer process. At short distances photons have a virtual character and molecules are coupled by longitudinal as well as transverse components of the field (with an $ R^{-3} $ dependence on the coupling). As the distance of separation increases, photons take on a more real character and coupling is dominated by transverse components of the field (in the far-zone limit the coupling has the usual Columbic $ R^{-1} $ dependence on separation). Of particular interest is the intermediate- zone where the distance separating the molecular centres is approximately equal to the reduced wavelength of the mediating photon. In this regime, electronic coupling has a separation dependence of $ R^{-2} $.. After a brief introduction to electronic energy ...
https://www.uea.ac.uk/mathematics/news-and-events/applied-seminars/2014-15
OSA | Tunable emission from blue to white light in single-phase Na0.34Ca(0.66-x-y)Al1.66Si2.34O8: xEu2+,yMn2+ (x = 0.07)...OSA | Tunable emission from blue to white light in single-phase Na0.34Ca(0.66-x-y)Al1.66Si2.34O8: xEu2+,yMn2+ (x = 0.07)...
A series of single-phased emission-tunable Na0.34Ca0.66Al1.66Si2.34O8:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphors were successfully synthesized by a wet-chemical synthesis method. Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra indicate that the phosphor can be efficiently excited by UV radiation from 250 to 420 nm. Also, NCASO:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphor exhibit a broad blue emission band at 440 nm and an orange emission band at 570 nm, which originate from Eu2+ and Mn2+ ions, respectively. Therefore, overall emission color can be tuned from blue to white by increasing the concentration of Mn2+ ions in the host lattice utilizing energy transfer from Eu2+ to Mn2+ ions. This energy transfer phenomenon was demonstrated to be a resonant type through dipole-dipole interaction determined with the help of PL spectra, decay time measurement, and energy transfer efficiency of the phosphor. These results indicate that NCASO:Eu2+,Mn2+ can be a promising single-phased white-emitting phosphor for white-light UV LEDs.. ©2013 Optical Society of ...
https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-21-3-3287
Multiplicity conversion based on intramolecular triplet-to-singlet energy transfer | Science AdvancesMultiplicity conversion based on intramolecular triplet-to-singlet energy transfer | Science Advances
The ability to convert between molecular spin states is of utmost importance in materials chemistry. Förster-type energy transfer is based on dipole-dipole interactions and can therefore theoretically be used to convert between molecular spin states. Here, a molecular dyad that is capable of transferring energy from an excited triplet state to an excited singlet state is presented. The rate of conversion between these states was shown to be 36 times faster than the rate of emission from the isolated triplet state. This dyad provides the first solid proof that Förster-type triplet-to-singlet energy transfer is possible, revealing a method to increase the rate of light extraction from excited triplet states. ...
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/9/eaaw5978.abstract
US Patent for High efficiency energy transfer technique Patent (Patent # 4,148,701 issued April 10, 1979) - Justia Patents...US Patent for High efficiency energy transfer technique Patent (Patent # 4,148,701 issued April 10, 1979) - Justia Patents...
An apparatus is disclosed for exothermically obtaining hydrogen or hydrogen peroxide from water vapor in a reaction chamber. The separation of the hydrogen and oxygen may be accelerated through the use of a combination host and sensitizer material which is present near spaces or voids within the reaction chamber. The water vapor has certain particular absorption bands in its absorption versus frequency characteristic. Each of the sensitizers which are located adjacent the voids in the reactant, in one embodiment forming part of the walls of small cylindrical tubes, has an energy output in the excited state which is precisely in one of the energy absorption bands in the water vapor characteristic. The host material absorbs heat energy and excites the sensitizer material. In addition to the formation of free hydrogen, some hydrogen peroxide is also formed. Other feedstocks may have energy selectively applied to them.Alternative appparatus for applying high intensity radiation to feedstock include (1) a
https://patents.justia.com/patent/4148701
What Is Energy Transfer?What Is Energy Transfer?
The principle of energy transfer is a major proposition in the interaction between energy-producing and energy-utilizing pathways in living and thriving cells. Energy transfer from one organism to another is part of the law of conservation of energy.. ...
https://www.reference.com/science/energy-transfer-69c280354a33034f
Energy Transfer Announces Sale of 32.44% Stake in Entity of Rover Pipeline Project to Blackstone Energy Partners for...Energy Transfer Announces Sale of 32.44% Stake in Entity of Rover Pipeline Project to Blackstone Energy Partners for...
Energy Transfer Partners, L.P. (NYSE: ETP) today announced that its wholly owned subsidiaries, Energy Transfer Interstate Holdings, LLC (
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170731006176/en/
Excitation energy transfer between dye molecules in lasing microparticles<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Excitation energy transfer between dye molecules in lasing microparticles. AU - Takahashi, T.. AU - Fujiwara, K.. AU - Matsuo, S.. AU - Misawa, H.. N1 - Funding Information: The present work was partly supported by the Satellite Venture Business Laboratory of the University of Tokushima. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1999/1/18. Y1 - 1999/1/18. N2 - Energy transfer from excited state donor to ground state acceptor dyes in polymer microparticles with a diameter of 30-60 μm was observed under lasing condition. The energy transfer efficiency was found to be higher with the increasing size of the particle. This result indicates that the excitation energy transfer efficiency can be controlled by the particle size without varying temperature and dye concentration. The dynamics of energy transfer was observed through picosecond time-resolved emission spectral measurements.. AB - Energy transfer from excited state donor to ground state acceptor dyes ...
https://shibaura.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/excitation-energy-transfer-between-dye-molecules-in-lasing-microp
Triplet-triplet energy transfer between organic molecules trapped in zeolites | UBC ChemistryTriplet-triplet energy transfer between organic molecules trapped in zeolites | UBC Chemistry
Double loading of a zeolite with a triplet energy donor and a triplet energy acceptor followed by selective irradiation into the donor absorption band leads to characteristic triplet state reactivity of the acceptor.. ...
https://www.chem.ubc.ca/triplet-triplet-energy-transfer-between-organic-molecules-trapped-zeolites
Direct observation of multistep energy transfer in LHCII with fifth-order 3D electronic spectroscopy | DR-NTU
During photosynthesis, sunlight is efficiently captured by light-harvesting complexes, and the excitation energy is then funneled towards the reaction centre. These photosynthetic excitation energy transfer (EET) pathways are complex and proceed in a multistep fashion. Ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is an important tool to study EET processes in photosynthetic complexes. However, the multistep EET processes can only be indirectly inferred by correlating different cross peaks from a series of 2DES spectra. Here we directly observe multistep EET processes in LHCII using ultrafast fifth-order three-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (3DES). We measure cross peaks in 3DES spectra of LHCII that directly indicate energy transfer from excitons in the chlorophyll b (Chl b) manifold to the low-energy level chlorophyll a (Chl a) via mid-level Chl a energy states. This new spectroscopic technique allows scientists to move a step towards mapping the complete complex EET processes ...
https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/handle/10356/89140?mode=full
Efficient estimation of energy transfer efficiency in light-harvesting complexes<...Efficient estimation of energy transfer efficiency in light-harvesting complexes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Efficient estimation of energy transfer efficiency in light-harvesting complexes. AU - Shabani, A.. AU - Mohseni, M.. AU - Rabitz, H.. AU - Lloyd, S.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2012/7/17. Y1 - 2012/7/17. N2 - The fundamental physical mechanisms of energy transfer in photosynthetic complexes is not yet fully understood. In particular, the degree of efficiency or sensitivity of these systems for energy transfer is not known given their realistic with surrounding photonic and phononic environments. One major problem in studying light-harvesting complexes has been the lack of an efficient method for simulation of their dynamics in biological environments. To this end, here we revisit the second order time-convolution (TC2) master equation and examine its reliability beyond extreme Markovian and perturbative limits. In particular, we present a derivation of TC2 without making the usual weak system-bath coupling assumption. Using this ...
https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/efficient-estimation-of-energy-transfer-efficiency-in-light-harve
Detection System - Patent applicationDetection System - Patent application
0008]Strand specific methods utilise additional nucleic acid reaction components to monitor the progress of amplification reactions. These methods may use fluorescence energy transfer (PET) as the basis of detection. One or more nucleic acid probes are labelled with fluorescent molecules, one of which is able to act as an energy donor and the other of which is an energy acceptor molecule. These are sometimes known as a reporter molecule and a quencher molecule respectively. The donor molecule is excited with a specific wavelength of light for which it will normally exhibit a fluorescence emission wavelength. The acceptor molecule is also excited at this wavelength such that it can accept the emission energy of the donor molecule by a variety of distance-dependent energy transfer mechanisms. A specific example of fluorescence energy transfer which can occur is Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer or FRET. Generally the acceptor molecule accepts the mission energy of the donor molecule when ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20100006453
HU Binding to Bent DNA: A Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer StudyHU Binding to Bent DNA: A Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Study
HU, a multi-functional DNA-binding protein, acts primarily as an architectural protein. The proposed function of HU is stabilization of DNA in a bent conformation or bending of duplex DNA to allow access for other proteins to bind to the DNA and carry
http://www.jbsdonline.com/hu-binding-bent-dna-fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer-study-p10323.html
AMOLF Institutional Repository: Nanophotonic control of the Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency
We have studied the influence of the local density of optical states (LDOS) on the rate and efficiency of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from a donor to an acceptor. The donors and acceptors are dye molecules that are separated by a short strand of double-stranded DNA. The LDOS is controlled by carefully positioning the FRET pairs near a mirror. We find that the energy transfer efficiency changes with LDOS, and that, in agreement with theory, the energy transfer rate is independent of the LDOS, which allows one to quantitatively control FRET systems in a new way. Our results imply a change in the characteristic Förster distance, in contrast to common lore that this distance is fixed for a given FRET pair.. ...
https://ir.amolf.nl/pub/6155
Triplet-triplet annihilation photon-upconversion: Towards solar energy applicationsTriplet-triplet annihilation photon-upconversion: Towards solar energy applications
Solar power production and solar energy storage are important research areas for development of technologies that can facilitate a transition to a future society independent of fossil fuel based energy sources. Devices for direct conversion of solar photons suffer from poor efficiencies due to spectrum losses, which are caused by energy mismatch between the optical absorption of the devices and the broadband irradiation provided by the sun. In this context, photon-upconversion technologies are becoming increasingly interesting since they might offer an efficient way of converting low energy solar energy photons into higher energy photons, ideal for solar power production and solar energy storage. This perspective discusses recent progress in triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) photon-upconversion systems and devices for solar energy applications. Furthermore, challenges with evaluation of the efficiency of TTA-photon-upconversion systems are discussed and a general approach for evaluation and comparison
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/199010
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer - SMOSwiki
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is an energy transfer process between the fluorescent dye molecules [1]. Due to its high sensitivity to the change of distance between the dyes, it has received great interest for the study of biological systems [2]. FRET technique has a spatial resolution of sub-nanometer, and can be used as a probe of inter- and intra-molecular dynamics of biological macromolecules such as protein conformational change, enzyme-substrate reaction, and RNA folding [3][4]. Determination of FRET efficiency in ensemble measurement is, however, not straightforward due to the difficulty in distinguishing FRET pairs from unpaired dyes or the dyes not properly labeled to the bio-molecule in question that might give huge background [5]. By contrast, single-molecule detection provides a method that is free from this obstacle as it can only collect the signal from one single FRET pair. Another advantage of this technique is that it allows monitoring the structural- or ...
http://smos.sogang.ac.kr/wiki/index.php/Fluorescence_Resonance_Energy_Transfer
Energy transfer interactions with single molecule phenomena in small clusters of quantum dotsEnergy transfer interactions with single molecule phenomena in small clusters of quantum dots
This dissertation describes the observed interactions between energy transfer in small clusters of nominally monodisperse semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) and single molecule phenomena such as fluorescence intermittency (blinking) and antibunching. The relevant literature on energy transfer between QDs has typically invoked the Förster energy transfer mechanism to explain the observations in ensemble measurements. The size dispersion in QDs results in a dispersion in the electronic and optical properties of QDs due to size dependent confinement effects on photogenerated carriers ...
https://mountainscholar.org/handle/10217/88546
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Intracellular Energy-Transfer Networks and High-Resolution Respirometry: A Convenient Approach for...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Intracellular Energy-Transfer Networks and High-Resolution Respirometry: A Convenient Approach for...
Compartmentalization of high-energy phosphate carriers between intracellular micro-compartments is a phenomenon that ensures efficient energy use. To connect these sites, creatine kinase (CK) and adenylate kinase (AK) energy-transfer networks, which are functionally coupled to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), could serve as important regulators of cellular energy fluxes. Here, we introduce how selective permeabilization of cellular outer membrane and high-resolution respirometry can be used to study functional coupling between CK or AK pathways and OXPHOS in different cells and tissues. Using the protocols presented here the ability of creatine or adenosine monophosphate to stimulate OXPHOS through CK and AK reactions, respectively, is easily observable and quantifiable. Additionally, functional coupling between hexokinase and mitochondria can be investigated by monitoring the effect of glucose on respiration. Taken together, high-resolution respirometry in combination with permeabilization is a
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/10/2933
An accretive mechanism for blue-shifted fluorescence in strongly pumped systems:resonance energy transfer with Raman emission ...An accretive mechanism for blue-shifted fluorescence in strongly pumped systems:resonance energy transfer with Raman emission ...
Since Kaiser and Garretts pioneering work on two-photon absorption 40 years ago, observations of blue-shifted fluorescence have been widely used as a marker and measure of non-linear excitation. In doped crystals or in molecular multi-chromophore systems, where resonance energy transfer conveys excitation from the sites of initial photoabsorption to others which yield the fluorescence, this process can play a possible intermediary role in the generation of two-photon fluorescence. Recent work has revealed other competing mechanisms, involving energy transfer between three fluorophore sites, that should be equally or more significant in strongly pumped systems depending on the conditions. It is the purpose of this paper to identify fully the characteristics of one such process involving the coupling of fluorescence energy transfer with Raman emission, and to determine the precise nature of the conditions under which it may be observed.. ...
https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/56404/
Unique ultrafast energy transfer in a series of phenylene-bridged subporphyrin-porphyrin hybrids<...Unique ultrafast energy transfer in a series of phenylene-bridged subporphyrin-porphyrin hybrids<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Unique ultrafast energy transfer in a series of phenylene-bridged subporphyrin-porphyrin hybrids. AU - Oh, Juwon. AU - Sung, Jooyoung. AU - Kitano, Masaaki. AU - Inokuma, Yasuhide. AU - Osuka, Atsuhiro. AU - Kim, Dongho. PY - 2014/9/18. Y1 - 2014/9/18. N2 - A series of phenylene-bridged subporphyrin-Zn(ii) porphyrin (SubP-ZnP) hybrid systems undergo extraordinarily fast excitation energy transfer (EET) processes from the SubP to the ZnP, aided by conjugative electronic elongation of the SubP to the phenylene-bridge. This journal is. AB - A series of phenylene-bridged subporphyrin-Zn(ii) porphyrin (SubP-ZnP) hybrid systems undergo extraordinarily fast excitation energy transfer (EET) processes from the SubP to the ZnP, aided by conjugative electronic elongation of the SubP to the phenylene-bridge. This journal is. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84906258454&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84906258454&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/unique-ultrafast-energy-transfer-in-a-series-of-phenylene-bridged
Research News: Quantum Secrets of Photosynthesis RevealedResearch News: Quantum Secrets of Photosynthesis Revealed
Fleming has compared 2-D electronic spectroscopy to the technique used in the early super-heterodyne radios, where an incoming high frequency radio signal was converted by an oscillator to a lower frequency for more controllable amplification and better reception. In the case of 2-D electronic spectroscopy, scientists can track the transfer of energy between molecules that are coupled (connected) through their electronic and vibrational states in any photoactive system, macromolecular assembly or nanostructure.. Fleming and his group first described 2-D electronic spectroscopy in a 2005 Nature paper, when they used the technique to observe electronic couplings in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) photosynthetic light-harvesting protein, a molecular complex in green sulphur bacteria. Said Engel, The 2005 paper was the first biological application of this technique, now we have used 2-D electronic spectroscopy to discover a new phenomenon in photosynthetic systems. While the possibility that ...
https://www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/PBD-quantum-secrets.html
Photoluminescence from donor-acceptor molecular systems via long distance energy transfer mediated by surface plasmons<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Photoluminescence from donor-acceptor molecular systems via long distance energy transfer mediated by surface plasmons. AU - Shimada, Takayuki. AU - Tomita, Satoshi. AU - Hotta, Shu. AU - Hayashi, Shinji. AU - Yanagi, Hisao. PY - 2009/4/1. Y1 - 2009/4/1. N2 - We have studied the energy transfer from p-sexiphenyl (p-6P) to 5,5′-bis(4-biphenylyl)-2,2′-bithiophene (BP2T) mediated by surface plasmons (SPs) on a thin silver layer sandwiched between two MgF2 spacers. The SP-mediated fluorescence of the BP2T acceptor is observed at the donor-acceptor distance beyond 200 nm, which is much longer than the Förster distance. The photoluminescence of BP2T is maximized at silver thickness of roughly 40 nm, where the silver layer is transformed from segregated nanoparticles into a continuous film, at an MgF2 thickness of 10.5 to 52.5 nm.. AB - We have studied the energy transfer from p-sexiphenyl (p-6P) to 5,5′-bis(4-biphenylyl)-2,2′-bithiophene (BP2T) mediated by surface plasmons ...
https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/photoluminescence-from-donor-acceptor-molecular-systems-via-long-
Lateral organization and domain formation in a two-component lipid membrane system - Staff of the Department of Food ScienceLateral organization and domain formation in a two-component lipid membrane system - Staff of the Department of Food Science
The thermodynamic phase behavior and lateral lipid membrane organization of unilamellar vesicles made from mixtures of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2 distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) were investigated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) as a function of temperature and composition. This was done by incorporating a headgroup-labeled lipid donor (NBD-DPPE) and acceptor (N-Rh-DPPE) in low concentrations into the binary mixtures. Two instances of increased energy transfer efficiency were observed close to the phase lines in the DMPC/DSPC phase diagram. The increase in energy transfer efficiency was attributed to a differential preference of the probes for dynamic and fluctuating gel/fluid coexisting phases. This differential preference causes the probes to segregate (S. Pedersen, K. Jørgensen, T. R. Baekmark, and O. G. Mouritsen, 1996, Biophys. J. 71:554-560). The observed increases in energy transfer match with the boundaries of the DMPC/DSPC ...
https://food.ku.dk/english/staff/?pure=en%2Fpublications%2Flateral-organization-and-domain-formation-in-a-twocomponent-lipid-membrane-system
Two dimensional electronic spectroscopy of molecular complexes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Two dimensional electronic spectroscopy of molecular complexes. AU - Cho, Minhaeng. AU - Brixner, Tobias. AU - Stiopkin, Igor. AU - Vaswani, Harsha. AU - Fleming, Graham R.. PY - 2006/2. Y1 - 2006/2. N2 - Two dimensional (2D) heterodyne-detected electronic photon echo spectroscopy is introduced and described. We give an intuitive description of the origin and information content of 2D electronic spectra, focusing on molecular complexes. We identify two important quantities-the transition dipole term, and the transition frequency cross correlation function that controls the appearance of 2D electronic spectra. We also show how the transition frequency cross correlation function controls the rate of exciton relaxation. These concepts are illustrated with experimental data on the seven bacteriochlorophyll FMO complex of a green sulfur bacterium, showing how the pathways and mechanisms of energy flow can be elucidated by combining 2D spectra with theoretical modeling.. AB - Two ...
https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/two-dimensional-electronic-spectroscopy-of-molecular-complexes
Switching of the inter-component photoinduced electron- and energy-transfer properties of a Ru(II)-azacrown-Re(I) complex;...Switching of the inter-component photoinduced electron- and energy-transfer properties of a Ru(II)-azacrown-Re(I) complex;...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Switching of the inter-component photoinduced electron- and energy-transfer properties of a Ru(II)-azacrown-Re(I) complex; effects of changing temperature, and of incorporation of Ba2+ ion into the macrocyclic spacer between the chromophores. AU - Encinas, S. AU - Bushell, KL. AU - Couchman, SM. AU - Jeffery, JC. AU - Ward, MD. AU - Flamigni, L. AU - Barigelletti, F. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. M3 - Article (Academic Journal). SP - 1783. EP - 1792. JO - Dalton. JF - Dalton. SN - 1470-479X. ER - ...
https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/switching-of-the-inter-component-photoinduced-electron-and-energy
HKU Scholars Hub: Femtosecond Transient Absorption and Nanosecond Time-resolved Resonance Raman Study of Photo-deprotection...HKU Scholars Hub: Femtosecond Transient Absorption and Nanosecond Time-resolved Resonance Raman Study of Photo-deprotection...
Femtochemistry IX: Femtochemistry, Femtobiology, and Femtophysics - Frontries in Ultrafast Science and Technology, Beijing, China, 8-13 August 2009, p. 111 P-43 ...
https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/224164
Light harvesting, excitation energy/electron transfer, and photoregulation in artificial photosynthetic systems<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Light harvesting, excitation energy/electron transfer, and photoregulation in artificial photosynthetic systems. AU - Terazono, Yuichi. AU - Moore, Thomas A. AU - Moore, Ana L. AU - Gust, John Devens. PY - 2012/1/1. Y1 - 2012/1/1. N2 - This chapter summarizes recent research from our laboratory on multichromophoric molecules that perform as components of artificial photosynthetic systems. The basic scientific principles underlying the design of these molecules were drawn from natural photosynthetic energy conversion, but thematerials used to prepare them are synthetic. The systems consist of chromophores and electron and energy donors and acceptors that have been chemically linked to form artificial reaction centers and antennas, and to mimic some aspects of photosynthetic regulation and photoprotection. These chromophores include porphyrins, fullerenes, carotenoid polyenes, antenna moieties, and photochromic materials. We begin with an introduction to artificial photosynthesis ...
https://sofi-northwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/light-harvesting-excitation-energyelectron-transfer-and-photoregu-2
Identification of major CYP2C9 and CP2C19 polymorphisms by fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysisIdentification of major CYP2C9 and CP2C19 polymorphisms by fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis
Publikations-Datenbank der Fraunhofer Wissenschaftler und Institute: Aufsätze, Studien, Forschungsberichte, Konferenzbeiträge, Tagungsbände, Patente und Gebrauchsmuster
http://publica.fraunhofer.de/dokumente/N-14611.html
Quantification of transition dipole strengths using 1D and 2D spectroscopy for the identification of molecular structures via...Quantification of transition dipole strengths using 1D and 2D spectroscopy for the identification of molecular structures via...
Vibrational and electronic transition dipole strengths are often good probes of molecular structures, especially in excitonically coupled systems of chromophores. One cannot determine transition dipole strengths using linear spectroscopy unless the concentration is known, which in many cases it is not. In this paper, we report a simple method for measuring transition dipole moments from linear absorption and 2D IR spectra that does not require knowledge of concentrations. Our method is tested on several model compounds and applied to the amide I band of a polypeptide in its random coil andα-helical conformation as modulated by the solution temperature. It is often difficult to confidently assign polypeptide and protein secondary structures to random coil or α-helix by linear spectroscopy alone, because they absorb in the same frequency range. We find that the transition dipole strength of the random coil state is 0.12 ± 0.013 D^2, which is similar to a single peptide unit, indicating that ...
http://zanni.chem.wisc.edu/content/quantification-transition-dipole-strengths-using-1d-and-2d-spectroscopy-identification
Excimer fluorescence - XI. Solvent-solute energy transfer | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical,...Excimer fluorescence - XI. Solvent-solute energy transfer | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical,...
The rate parameters of solvent-solute energy transfer and of oxygen-solvent quenching have been determined for solutions of 2, 5-diphenyloxazole in benzene, toluene, p-xylene and mesitylene. The role of excited molecules and excimers in transfer to the solute molecules is considered in terms of the Voltz relations, which include the Förster critical transfer distance, the molecular diffusion coefficients, and the solvent excitation migration coefficient. It is proposed that the migration is due to excimer formation and dissociation, and that the energy transfer occurs by a diffusion/migration-controlled collisional process. Dilution of the solvent decreases the migration, but increases the transfer distance, so that the transfer efficiency remains practically constant. The excimer formation and dissociation rate parameters in the pure alkyl benzenes are evaluated. ...
http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/303/1472/85
Energy Transfer Pathways in Dinuclear Heteroleptic Polypyridyl Complexes: Through-Space vs Through-Bond Interaction MechanismsEnergy Transfer Pathways in Dinuclear Heteroleptic Polypyridyl Complexes: Through-Space vs Through-Bond Interaction Mechanisms
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https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.acs-doi-10_1021_ic049896p
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer FRET-Note 1.2 | Thermo Fisher Scientific - USFluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer FRET-Note 1.2 | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a distance-dependent interaction between the electronic excited states of two dye molecules in which excitation is transferred from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule without emission of a photon.
https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/references/molecular-probes-the-handbook/technical-notes-and-product-highlights/fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer-fret.html
Use of Spectral Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Detect Nitric Oxide‐Based Signaling Events in Isolated Perfused Lung ...Use of Spectral Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Detect Nitric Oxide‐Based Signaling Events in Isolated Perfused Lung ...
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a fluorescence microscopy technique suitable for live cells and capable of detecting changes in the conformational state of a single protein or the distance between two interacting proteins when the proteins are conjugated with appropriate donor and acceptor fluorophores
http://www.currentprotocols.com/WileyCDA/CPUnit/refId-cy1213.html?quicktabs_cp=cited
Monitoring protein conformations and interactions by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between mutants of green...Monitoring protein conformations and interactions by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between mutants of green...
Monitoring protein conformations and interactions by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between mutants of green fluorescent protein
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11045004/
LOC FOR DETECTION OF HYBRIDIZATION OF NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCES WITH FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER (FRET) PROBES -...LOC FOR DETECTION OF HYBRIDIZATION OF NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCES WITH FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER (FRET) PROBES -...
LOC FOR DETECTION OF HYBRIDIZATION OF NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCES WITH FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER (FRET) PROBES - diagram, schematic, and image 54 ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/imgfull/20110312762_54
An Introduction to Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Technology and its Application in Bioscience | June 20, 2005An Introduction to Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Technology and its Application in Bioscience | June 20, 2005
BioTek 白皮书, 06/20 2005, An Introduction to Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Technology and its Application in Bioscience
https://www.biotekchina.com.cn/zh-CN/resources/white-papers/an-introduction-to-fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer-fret-technology-and-its-application-in-bioscience/
Electronic spectroscopy of intermediates involved in the conversion of methane to methanol by FeO<sup>+<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Electronic spectroscopy of intermediates involved in the conversion of methane to methanol by FeO+. AU - Aguirre, Fernando. AU - Husband, John. AU - Thompson, Christopher J.. AU - Stringer, Kay L.. AU - Metz, Ricardo B.. PY - 2002/3/8. Y1 - 2002/3/8. N2 - The reaction intermediates [H2C=Fe-OH2]+ and [HO-Fe-CH3]+ by photodissociation were studied. On the basis of experimental results and calculations performed at the B3LYP and TD3LYP level, excited state vibrational frequencies as well as geometry changes upon photoexcitation in [H2C=Fe-OH2]+ and [HO-Fe-CH3]+ were determined.. AB - The reaction intermediates [H2C=Fe-OH2]+ and [HO-Fe-CH3]+ by photodissociation were studied. On the basis of experimental results and calculations performed at the B3LYP and TD3LYP level, excited state vibrational frequencies as well as geometry changes upon photoexcitation in [H2C=Fe-OH2]+ and [HO-Fe-CH3]+ were determined.. UR - ...
https://squ.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/electronic-spectroscopy-of-intermediates-involved-in-the-conversi
Viewpoints and Contexts - Navigating the Spectrum of Energy Flow | The Mindfulness CentreViewpoints and Contexts - Navigating the Spectrum of Energy Flow | The Mindfulness Centre
Ralph struggled for years digesting childhood trauma, because he never could reconcile a repeated tug of war between two mind states that kept painfully repeating themselves in everyday life. Either he reflected on his trauma and he felt like he was intellectually examining someone elses experience from afar without much details of experience, or he got plunged into reliving the trauma in all its details and felt he was drowning in a tornado of unbearable pain. This left him at a loss as to which view point is the truth.. Our organism is fundamentally energy flow organized into a temporarily well orchestrated collection of interrelated energy flow processes of different kinds and complexities. As such we are energy flow processing machines capable of modulating this energy flow in different complex ways that manifest as different organismic structures, from cells to organs, organ systems and minds. As energy enters our organism through its senses, it first flows in an unencumbered way, only ...
http://www.mindful.ca/viewpoints-and-contexts-navigating-the-spectrum-of-energy-flow/
EGO OUT: SEP 17, 2016 LENR UNITY-1ST STAGE: LIVE AND LET LIVEEGO OUT: SEP 17, 2016 LENR UNITY-1ST STAGE: LIVE AND LET LIVE
Using low energy electron (LEE) as a catalyst, the electronic origin of the catalytic strategies corresponding to substrate selectivity, reaction specificity and reaction rate enhancement are investigated for a reversible unimolecular elementary reaction. An electronic energy complementarity between the catalyst and the substrate molecule is the origin of substrate selectivity and reaction specificity. The electronic energy complementarity is induced by tuning the electronic energy of the catalyst. The energy complementarity maximizes the binding forces between the catalyst and the molecule. Consequently, a new electronically metastable high-energy reactant state and a corresponding new low barrier reaction path are resonantly created for a specific reaction of the substrate through the formation of a catalyst-substrate transient adduct. The LEE catalysis also reveals a fundamental \textit{structure-energy correspondence} in the formation of the catalyst-substrate transient adduct. Since the ...
http://egooutpeters.blogspot.com/2016/09/sep-17-2016-lenr-unity-1st-stage-live.html
Patent US7449298 - Methods of analyzing polynucleotides employing energy transfer dyes - Google PatentsPatent US7449298 - Methods of analyzing polynucleotides employing energy transfer dyes - Google Patents
Novel linkers for linking a donor dye to an acceptor dye in an energy transfer fluorescent dye are provided. These linkers faciliate the efficient transfer of energy between a donor and acceptor dye in an energy transfer dye. One of these linkers for linking a donor dye to an acceptor dye in an energy transfer fluorescent dye has the general structure R21Z1C(O)R22R28 where R21 is a C1-5 alkyl attached to the donor dye, C(O) is a carbonyl group, Z1 is either NH, sulfur or oxygen, R22 is a substituent which includes an alkene, diene, alkyne, a five and six membered ring having at least one unsaturated bond or a fused ring structure which is attached to the carbonyl carbon, and R28 includes a functional group which attaches the linker to the acceptor dye.
http://www.google.com/patents/US7449298?dq=oakley+5,387,949&ei=4yI4T8nkLYa80QG0xqnWAg
On the Conflicting Estimations of Pigment Site Energies in Photosynthetic Complexes: A Case Study of the CP47 ComplexOn the Conflicting Estimations of Pigment Site Energies in Photosynthetic Complexes: A Case Study of the CP47 Complex
We focus on problems with elucidation of site energies (E-0(n)) for photosynthetic complexes (PSCs) in order to raise some genuine concern regarding the conflicting estimations propagating in the literature. As an example, we provide a stern assessment of the site energies extracted from fits to optical spectra of the widely studied CP47 antenna complex of photosystem II from spinach, though many general comments apply to other PSCs as well. Correct values of E-0(n) for chlorophyll (Chl) a in CP47 are essential for understanding its excitonic structure, population dynamics, and excitation energy pathway(s). To demonstrate this, we present a case study where simultaneous fits of multiple spectra (absorption, emission, circular dichroism, and nonresonant hole-burned spectra) show that several sets of parameters can fit the spectra very well. Importantly, we show that variable emission maxima (690-695 nm) and sample-dependent bleaching in nonresonant hole-burning spectra reported in literature ...
http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/35154
Disordered proteins follow diverse transition paths as they fold and bind to a partner | ScienceDisordered proteins follow diverse transition paths as they fold and bind to a partner | Science
Transition paths of macromolecular conformational changes such as protein folding are predicted to be heterogeneous. However, experimental characterization of the diversity of transition paths is extremely challenging because it requires measuring more than one distance during individual transitions. In this work, we used fast three-color single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer spectroscopy to obtain the distribution of binding transition paths of a disordered protein. About half of the transitions follow a path involving strong non-native electrostatic interactions, resulting in a transition time of 300 to 800 microseconds. The remaining half follow more diverse paths characterized by weaker electrostatic interactions and more than 10 times shorter transition path times. The chain flexibility and non-native interactions make diverse binding pathways possible, allowing disordered proteins to bind faster than folded proteins. ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6496/1253
Productive & Constructive: #ModChem Day 12Productive & Constructive: #ModChem Day 12
Instead, we must do a better instructional job of helping students to realize that it takes energy to break bonds and can release energy when bonds are created. In the end, there really needs to be a comprehensive model that takes into account both bond making, bond breaking, and the net energy transfer after a chemical reaction is completed. Focusing on energy transfer in chemical reactions proves, according to Galleys article and the Modeling Instruction research, far more useful in communicating a coherent view of energy. Galley also promotes schematic diagrams to represent the energy transfer in systems, which he describes happens more frequently in college-level chemistry courses. Other recommendations from Galley include, teaching the difference in bond energy between substances more explicitly, as well as better communicating that the bond energy refers to energy required to break a bond. These changes can make clear that it takes energy to break bonds and releases energy to make bonds; ...
http://blog.abud.me/2012/07/modchem-day-12.html
Photoinduced charge and energy transfer in molecular wiresPhotoinduced charge and energy transfer in molecular wires
Exploring charge and energy transport in donor-bridge-acceptor systems is an important research field which is essential for the fundamental knowledge necessary to develop future applications. These studies help creating valuable knowledge to respond to todays challenges to develop functionalized molecular systems for artificial photosynthesis, photovoltaics or molecular scale electronics. This tutorial review focuses on photo-induced charge/energy transfer in covalently linked donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) systems. Of utmost importance in such systems is to understand how to control signal transmission, i.e. how fast electrons or excitation energy could be transferred between the donor and acceptor and the role played by the bridge (the molecular wire). After a brief description of the electron and energy transfer theory, we aim to give a simple yet accurate picture of the complex role played by the bridge to sustain donor-acceptor electronic communication. Special emphasis is put on understanding
http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/publication/213721-photoinduced-charge-and-energy-transfer-in-molecular-wires
A set of time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays for the discovery of inhibitors of estrogen receptor...A set of time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays for the discovery of inhibitors of estrogen receptor...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19196699
The time dependence of scintillation intensity in aromatic materials | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A:...The time dependence of scintillation intensity in aromatic materials | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A:...
A description is given of the kinetics of the prompt and delayed luminescence components from aromatic materials excited by ionizing radiation. A theoretical model has been developed to describe the origin of the delayed scintillation component. From initial assumptions of molecular triplet state diffusion and triplet-triplet annihilation to form delayed singlet states, equations are obtained defining the intensity of the delayed component with time. These equations are shown to agree well with existing experimental results. From the comparison the following parameters for triplet excitations in anthracene and stilbene crystals have been calculated: diffusion constant, 6 x 10-6 cm2 s-1 (anthracene) and 3 x 10-6 cm2 s-1 (stilbene); triplet-triplet interaction rate constant, 1·3 x 10-11 cm3 s-1 (anthracene) and 7·5 x 10-12 cm3 s-1 (stilbene); and diffusion length, 3·5 x 10-4 cm (anthracene). ...
http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/289/1418/424
Dynamics of Oxygen-Independent Photocleavage of Blebbistatin as a One- by Ming-De Li, Nai-Kei Wong et al.Dynamics of Oxygen-Independent Photocleavage of Blebbistatin as a One- by Ming-De Li, Nai-Kei Wong et al.
Development of versatile, chemically tunable photocages for photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) represents an excellent opportunity to address the technical drawbacks of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) whose oxygen-dependent nature renders it inadequate in certain therapy contexts such as hypoxic tumors. As an alternative to PDT, oxygen free mechanisms to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by visible light cleavable photocages are in demand. Here, we report the detailed mechanisms by which the small molecule blebbistatin acts as a one-photon blue light-gated or two-photon near-infrared light-gated photocage to directly release a hydroxyl radical (•OH) in the absence of oxygen. By using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and chemoselective ROS fluorescent probes, we analyze the dynamics and fate of blebbistatin during photolysis under blue light. Water-dependent photochemistry reveals a critical process of water-assisted protonation and excited state intramolecular
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/chem_pubs/1224/
Sequential multistep energy transfer: enhancement of efficiency of long-range fluorescence resonance energy transferSequential multistep energy transfer: enhancement of efficiency of long-range fluorescence resonance energy transfer
A free platform for explaining your research in plain language, and managing how you communicate around it - so you can understand how best to increase its impact.
https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1039%25252Fa809728c/reader
Radiative and non-radiative decays from the excited state of Ti<sup>3+</sup> ions in oxide...Radiative and non-radiative decays from the excited state of Ti<sup>3+</sup> ions in oxide...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Radiative and non-radiative decays from the excited state of Ti3+ ions in oxide crystals. AU - Yamaga, M.. AU - Gao, Y.. AU - Rasheed, F.. AU - ODonnell, K. P.. AU - Henderson, B.. AU - Cockayne, B.. PY - 1990/11/1. Y1 - 1990/11/1. N2 - The fluorescence spectra of Ti3+ in Y3Al5O12 (YAG), Al2O3 (sapphire), YAlO3 (YAP) observed at 10 K are composed of zero-phonon lines accompanied by the broad vibronic sidebands. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime and of the total intensity of the broadband measured in YAG and Al2O3 indicate that the radiative decay times from the excited states are nearly constant in the range 10-300 K. This demonstrates that the broadband radiative emissions in Ti3+:YAG and Ti3+:Al2O3 are due to magnetic dipole transitions or to electric dipole transitions induced by static odd-parity distortion, respectively. The decrease of the fluorescence lifetime with increasing temperature in Ti3+:YAG and Ti3+:Al2O3 is due to non-radiative decay from ...
https://pureportal.strath.ac.uk/en/publications/radiative-and-non-radiative-decays-from-the-excited-state-of-tisu
Efficient near-field wireless energy transfer using adiabatic system variations - Energy Innovation Portal
Disclosed is a method for transferring energy wirelessly including transferring energy wirelessly from a first resonator structure to an intermediate resonator structure, wherein the coupling rate between the first resonator structure and the intermediate resonator structure is .kappa..sub.1B, transferring energy wirelessly from the intermediate resonator structure to a second resonator structure, wherein the coupling rate between the intermediate resonator structure and the second resonator structure is .kappa..sub.B2, and during the wireless energy transfers, adjusting at least one of the coupling rates .kappa..sub.1B and .kappa..sub.B2 to reduce energy accumulation in the intermediate resonator structure and improve wireless energy transfer from the first resonator structure to the second resonator structure through the intermediate resonator structure.
http://techportal.eere.energy.gov/patent.do/ID=36021
Potassium channels: watching a voltage-sensor tilt and twist. - Oxford Neuroscience
The fourth transmembrane helix (S4) is the primary voltage-sensor of voltage-gated ion channels. Recent studies have used fluorescence resonance energy transfer as a spectroscopic ruler to determine the nature and magnitude of the voltage-induced movement of S4 that leads to channel opening.
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/100520
Automated fluorescence lifetime imaging high-content analysis of Förster resonance energy transfer between endogenously labeled...Automated fluorescence lifetime imaging high-content analysis of Förster resonance energy transfer between endogenously labeled...
Automated fluorescence lifetime imaging high-content analysis of Förster resonance energy transfer between endogenously labeled kinetochore proteins in live budding yeast cells
https://crick.figshare.com/articles/journal%20contribution/Automated_fluorescence_lifetime_imaging_high-content_analysis_of_F_rster_resonance_energy_transfer_between_endogenously_labeled_kinetochore_proteins_in_live_budding_yeast_cells/11371203/1
Proton affinity and proton transfer energy for selected organic molecules - Publikacja - MOST WiedzyProton affinity and proton transfer energy for selected organic molecules - Publikacja - MOST Wiedzy
The Hartree-Fock method in 6-311G** molecular orbitals basis set has been applied to calculations of proton affinities and proton transfer reaction energie
https://mostwiedzy.pl/pl/publication/proton-affinity-and-proton-transfer-energy-for-selected-organic-molecules,141015-1
SunocoSunoco
In 2012, Dallas-based energy company Energy Transfer Partners purchased Sunoco. Sunoco would subsequently move its corporate ... "Energy Transfer boosts Q2 net income by $523M » Kallanish Energy News". Archived from the original on 2020-01-24. Retrieved ... Energy Transfer Partners buys oil refiner Sunoco Archived March 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine USA Today (04/30/2012) "Sunoco ... In 2014, Energy Transfer Partners acquired Susser Holdings Corporation, the parent company of Stripes Convenience Stores, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco
List of University of Texas at Arlington peopleList of University of Texas at Arlington people
"Energy Transfer". Energy Transfer. "Kelcy Warren". Forbes. "UTA Distinguished Alumni 2009". "Astronaut Biography: Kalpana ... Chairman and CEO of Energy Transfer Partners and 143rd richest American in 2013 Jim Wilkinson (BBA '93) - Managing Partner, ... Founder and Director of the Energy Systems Research Center, 1968-2003. Ramez Elmasri - Associate Chair, Computer Science and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_University_of_Texas_at_Arlington_people
Trunkline PipelineTrunkline Pipeline
"Energy Transfer Crude Oil Pipeline Project (ETCOP)" (PDF). Energy Transfer Partners. September 2014. Retrieved 2016-11-05. ... In 2014, the Energy Transfer Crude Oil Pipeline Project (ETCOP) was announced. ETCOP will use 678 miles (1,091 km) of the ... Smith, Christopher E. (2013-02-20). "Enbridge, Energy Transfer to convert Trunkline segment to crude service". Oil & Gas ... In 1949-1950, the project was taken over by Panhandle Eastern energy company. In 1998, the pipeline was acquired by CMS Energy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trunkline_Pipeline
Quantum yieldQuantum yield
Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency ( E {\displaystyle E} ) is the quantum yield of the energy-transfer transition, i. ... "Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2020-11-30. Laidler K.J., Chemical ... dos Remedios, Cristobal G.; Moens, Pierre D.J. (September 1995). "Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Spectroscopy Is a ... e. the probability of the energy-transfer event occurring per donor excitation event: E = Φ F R E T = k E T k E T + k f + ∑ k n ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_yield
Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007
Energy transfer: Dutch rehearsal". Esctoday. Retrieved 16 September 2022. "Netherlands". Six on Stage. Retrieved 16 September ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007
Rhodamine BRhodamine B
Kellogg RE, Bennett RG (1964). "Radiationless Intermolecular Energy Transfer. III. Determination of Phosphorescence ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodamine_B
Lahore Waste Management CompanyLahore Waste Management Company
"Transfer waste into energy". Dawn News. January 11, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2012. "Rift between LWMC, sanitary workers ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Waste_Management_Company
Sergej FlachSergej Flach
Energy Localisation and Transfer. Advanced Series in Nonlinear Dynamics. Vol. 22. World Scientific. pp. 1-71. doi:10.1142/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergej_Flach
ThermoplasticThermoplastic
... heat energy transfer resistance. CPVC is commonly used in water, chemical, hot and cold, delivery systems for residential, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoplastic
David L. AndrewsDavid L. Andrews
1999). Resonance Energy Transfer. Chichester, New York, Weinheim: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-98732-1. Andrews, D.L.; Demidov, A.A., ... Rice, E.M.; Bradshaw, D.S.; Saadi, K.; Andrews, D.L. (2012). "Chirality in fluorescence and energy transfer". Eur. J. Phys. 33 ... Andrews is also known for pioneering work on the quantum theory of intermolecular energy transfer, in which he developed the ... Andrews, D.L. (2010). "On the conveyance of angular momentum in electronic energy transfer". Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12 (27): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_L._Andrews
Stopping power (particle radiation)Stopping power (particle radiation)
Linear electronic stopping power is identical to unrestricted linear energy transfer. Instead of energy transfer, some models ... At high ion energies, there may also be energy losses due to nuclear reactions, but such processes are not normally described ... When the energies of all atoms in the system have fallen below the threshold displacement energy, the production of new damage ... International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (1970). Linear Energy Transfer (PDF). Washington D.C. ISBN 978- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopping_power_(particle_radiation)
Lubert StryerLubert Stryer
They proposed that energy transfer can serve as a spectroscopic ruler to reveal proximity relationships in biological ... In 1967, Stryer and Haugland showed that the efficiency of energy transfer depends on the inverse sixth power of the distance ... Stryer, L.; Haugland, R.P. (1967). "Energy transfer: a spectroscopic ruler". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 58 (2): 719-725. ... Stryer and coworkers pioneered the use of fluorescence spectroscopy, particularly Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubert_Stryer
Marin SoljačićMarin Soljačić
Energy transfer was 40% efficient. Professor Soljačić's experiments and work in wireless energy transfer are related in spirit ... unlike Tesla's long-range wireless energy transfer in Colorado, the Soljačić group focuses only on short-range transfer, and ... In addition to wireless energy transfer, Prof. Soljačić works on numerous problems on electromagnetism in materials structured ... is a Croatian-American physicist and electrical engineer known for wireless non-radiative energy transfer. Marin Soljačić was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_Soljačić
Dick HauglandDick Haugland
Haugland, R.P.; Yguerabide, J.; Stryer, L. (1969). "Dependence of the Kinetics of Singlet-Singlet Energy Transfer on Spectral ... Two classic papers resulted from this collaboration: 1. Stryer, L., Haugland, R.P. "Energy Transfer: A Spectroscopic Ruler." ... "Energy Transfer: A Spectroscopic Ruler". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 58 (2): 719-726. Bibcode:1967PNAS...58..719S. doi: ... showing in a now widely cited and classic paper that Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) can be used as a "spectroscopic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Haugland
Seed of Destruction (Space: 1999)Seed of Destruction (Space: 1999)
The energy transfer is ended. With its agent destroyed and the energy flow terminated, the Heart of Kalthon begins to die. The ... Before the energy transfer, Kalthon was passively draining power from Alpha, causing reduced heating and equipment malfunctions ... The replica's plans for the energy transfer progress. While Helena frets over the effects of the power reduction on the life- ... The reflector is complete and the power transfer is initiated. As the energy beam is projected at the asteroid, power levels ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_of_Destruction_(Space:_1999)
Pin-BotPin-Bot
"Energy transferred." "We control the universe." The Pin-Bot character appears in the 1988 Taxi pinball machine (created by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pin-Bot
David Ting (academic)David Ting (academic)
Ting's research areas encompass combustion and turbulence, heat transfer and energy production, among others. His early ... His research focuses on Flow Turbulence along with Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy. In 1985, Ting enrolled in ... Energy. 138: 394-404. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.034. Morshedizadeh, Majid; Kordestani, Mojtaba; Carriveau, Rupp; Ting, David ... The results showed that the increase in turbulence intensity leads to increase in heat transfer in the case of fixed turbulent ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ting_(academic)
AequorinAequorin
Morin JG, Hastings JW (1971). "Energy transfer in a bioluminescent system". J. Cell. Physiol. 77 (3): 313-318. doi:10.1002/jcp. ... the protein occurs together with the green fluorescent protein to produce green light by resonant energy transfer, while ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aequorin
John Woodland HastingsJohn Woodland Hastings
Morin, J.G.; Hastings, J.W. (1971). "Energy transfer in a bioluminescent system". J. Cell. Physiol. 77 (3): 313-318. doi: ... His lab first demonstrated that the green in vivo coelenterate bioluminescence occurs because of energy transfer from the ... and some of the initial studies of energy transfer in green fluorescent proteins (GFP) in cnidarian luminescence. Hastings ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Woodland_Hastings
Keldysh formalismKeldysh formalism
Energy Transfer Dynamics in Biomaterial Systems. Springer Series in Chemical Physics. Vol. 93. Springer Verlag. pp. 213-335. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keldysh_formalism
Biman BagchiBiman Bagchi
Energy Transfer Dynamics in Biomaterial Systems. p. 165. ISBN 978-3-642-02306-4. Dwaipayan Chakarabarti, Biman Bagchi (2009). " ... thus providing a first-time explanation of the experimentally observed fast relaxation of the time dependent solvation energy. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biman_Bagchi
Stingray PipelineStingray Pipeline
It is owned by Energy Transfer. Its FERC code is 69. "FERC: Natural Gas - Three Digit Pipeline Code List for Index of Customers ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stingray_Pipeline
Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodePhosphorescent organic light-emitting diode
O'Brien, D. F.; Baldo, M. A.; Thompson, M. E.; Forrest, S. R. (1999). "Improved energy transfer in electrophosphorescent ... The United States Department of Energy has recognized the potential for massive energy savings via the use of this technology ... Due to their potentially high level of energy efficiency, even when compared to other OLEDs, PHOLEDs are being studied for ... One problem that currently hampers the widespread adoption of this highly energy efficient technology is that the average ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorescent_organic_light-emitting_diode
Quantum biologyQuantum biology
... transfer of excitation energy, and the transfer of electrons and protons (hydrogen ions) in chemical processes, such as ... As the electron transfers across what would otherwise have been a barrier, it loses energy due to the vibration of the newly- ... The energy collected in reaction sites must be transferred quickly before it is lost to fluorescence or thermal vibrational ... Thyrhaug E, Žídek K, Dostál J, Bína D, Zigmantas D (May 2016). "Exciton Structure and Energy Transfer in the Fenna-Matthews- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_biology
Organic photochemistryOrganic photochemistry
"Terenin, A.; Ermolaev, V. Sensitized Phosphorescence in Organic Solutions at Low Temperature; Energy Transfer Between Triplet ... A disadvantage of photochemical processes is the low efficiency of the conversion of electrical energy in the radiation energy ... Triplets tend to be longer-lived than singlets and of lower energy than the singlet of the same configuration. Triplets may ... In addition to the radiation, light sources generate plenty of heat, which in turn requires cooling energy. In addition, most ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_photochemistry
Fluorescent glucose biosensorFluorescent glucose biosensor
An additional property of fluorescence that has found a large usage is Förster resonance energy transfer (Fret) in which the ... 46(9): p. N221-6. MacColl, R., Allophycocyanin and energy transfer. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2004. 1657(2-3): p. 73-81. Lorand, J. ... Rolinski, O.J., et al., Molecular distribution sensing in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based affinity assay for ... Ballerstadt, R., et al., In vivo performance evaluation of a transdermal near-infrared fluorescence resonance energy transfer ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_glucose_biosensor
Soto ukeSoto uke
Darwish, Ali (2004). Contrast and Energy Transfer in Karate. ISBN 9780957751170. Retrieved 29 December 2014. Nakamura, Tadashi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soto_uke
Single-molecule FRETSingle-molecule FRET
Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was first applied to single molecules by Ha et al. and applied to protein folding in ... Once the states are identified, they can be used to calculate the Förster resonance energy transfer distances and transition ... Single molecule fluorescence (or Förster) resonance energy transfer (or smFRET) is a biophysical technique used to measure ... Ha T (September 2001). "Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer". Methods. 25 (1): 78-86. doi:10.1006/meth. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-molecule_FRET
Interatomic Coulombic decayInteratomic Coulombic decay
Energy transfer versus electron transfer". J. Chem. Phys. 115 (11): 5076. Bibcode:2001JChPh.115.5076Z. doi:10.1063/1.1395555. K ... Then the excess energy of the excitation is transferred interatomically (intermolecularly) to remove an outer-valence electron ... R. Santra; L.S. Cederbaum (2003). "Coulombic energy transfer and triple ionization in clusters". Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (15): ... Weber; H. Schmidt-Böcking; R. Dörner (2010). "Ultrafast energy transfer between water molecules". Nature Physics. 6 (2): 139- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interatomic_Coulombic_decay
HZE ionsHZE ions
"Linear energy transfer / low-LET radiation". The Free Dictionary. Medical. Retrieved 2022-06-03.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 ... GCR energy spectra peaks, with median energy peaks up to 1,000 MeV/amu, and nuclei (with energies up to 10,000 MeV/amu) are ... Space radiation is composed mostly of high-energy protons, helium nuclei, and high-Z high-energy ions (HZE ions). The ... which produce low-linear energy transfer (low-LET) radiation from secondary electrons. While in space, astronauts are exposed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HZE_ions
Australian Antarctic TerritoryAustralian Antarctic Territory
1841-1933 Australian Antarctic Territory (transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia). *1841-1947 Ross Dependency ( ... It is administered by the Australian Antarctic Division, an agency of the federal Department of Climate Change, Energy, the ... In 1947, Britain transferred Heard Island and McDonald Islands to the territory. On 13 February 1954,[13] Mawson Station was ... In 1933, a British imperial order transferred most of the territory south of 60° S and between meridians 160° E and 45° E to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory
অ্যাডিনোসিন ট্রাইফসফেট - উইকিপিডিয়াঅ্যাডিনোসিন ট্রাইফসফেট - উইকিপিডিয়া
Garfinkel, L.; Altschuld, R. (১৯৮৬)। "Magnesium in cardiac energy metabolism": 1003-1013। ডিওআই:10.1016/S0022-2828(86)80289-9। ... Knowles, J. R. (১৯৮০)। "Enzyme-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions": 877-919। ডিওআই:10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.004305। ... Chance, B.; Lees, H. (১৯৭২)। "The Meaning of "Reversed Electron Flow" and "High Energy Electron" in Biochemistry": 330-331। ...
https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/অ্যাডিনোসিন_ট্রাইফসফেট
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substancesPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
In 2020 the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) introduced some of the strictest drinking water ... Bioaccumulation is the process by which PFASs are transferred into the tissue of any exposed organisms where PFASs accumulate ... Lansing, MI: Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. ... but a field study published in 2021 by researchers at Stockholm University found that they are significantly transferred from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-_and_polyfluoroalkyl_substances
Galvanic cellGalvanic cell
... allowing some of the chemical energy released to be converted into electrical energy. In its simplest form, a half-cell ... where νe is the number of electrons transferred in the balanced half reactions, and F is Faraday's constant. However, it can be ... When electrons are transferred directly from Zn to Cu2+ , the enthalpy of reaction is lost to the surroundings as heat. However ... The voltage (electromotive force Eo) produced by a galvanic cell can be estimated from the standard Gibbs free energy change in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_cell
GlycolysisGlycolysis
CH3COCO2H). The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ... Firstly, the NADH + H+ generated by glycolysis has to be transferred to the mitochondrion to be oxidized, and thus to ... Using the measured concentrations of each step, and the standard free energy changes, the actual free energy change can be ... Change in free energy for each step of glycolysis[21]: 582-583 Step Reaction ΔG°' / (kJ/mol) ΔG / (kJ/mol) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis
2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The Poznan Strategic Programme on Technology Transfer[65]. *UN-ENERGY[66]. *Regional Platforms and Renewable Energy ... wind and solar energy, efficient energy grid systems, and other technologies.[59] ... Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2010.. ... "Technology Transfer Clearing House". Unfccc.int. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2009.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference?rdfrom=http://opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=COP-15&redirect=no
Early childhood educationEarly childhood education
It is 'an integral part of the engine that, together with the energy and motivation of staff, provides the momentum that makes ... teachers should guide children in acquiring their own knowledge rather than simply transferring knowledge.[26] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_childhood_education
Internal waveInternal wave
This causes a wake of internal waves that dissipates a huge amount of energy.[4] ... Internal waves represent oscillations of these thermoclines and therefore have the potential to transfer these phytoplankton ... and internal energy equations assuming the fluid is incompressible and the background density varies by a small amount (the ... These waves propagate in environments characterized by high shear and turbulence and likely derive their energy from waves of ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_wave
Air IndiaAir India
The company was renamed as Air India International Limited and the domestic services were transferred to Indian Airlines as a ... The Energy and Resources Institute *TERI School of Advanced Studies. *Tata Institute of Social Sciences ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_India
ZuliaZulia
Transferred by the Crown of Spain to German Businessmen (to the banking company of the Welsers of Augsburg), in 1527, the ... These risky enterprises, for which a great deal of value and energy was required, were interesting subjects that inspired the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulia
Mercury-arc valveMercury-arc valve
"History , IEEE Power & Energy Magazine". magazine.ieee-pes.org. Retrieved 17 January 2017.. ... During operation, the arc transfers to the anodes at the highest positive potential (with respect to the cathode). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-arc_valve
Blue stragglerBlue straggler
Overall, there is evidence in favor of both collisions and mass transfer between binary stars.[13] In M3, 47 Tucanae and NGC ... Mass will quickly transfer from the initially more massive companion on to the less massive and like the collision hypothesis, ... The other explanation relies on mass transfer between two stars born in a binary star system. The more massive of the two stars ... The Chemical Signature of a Mass Transfer Formation Process". The Astrophysical Journal. 647 (1): L53-L56. arXiv:astro-ph/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_straggler
GermaniaGermania
Sebastian Strunz: The German energy transition as a regime shift. En: Ecological Economics 100 (2014), p. 150-158. ... En rom da las raits transeuropeicas duai questa posiziun sco spazi da transfer tranter il spazi economic central en il vest ( ... Successivamain èn vegnidas vitiers ulteriuras prestaziuns da transfer socialas, uschia ch'il stadi impunda oz ina gronda part ...
https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania
Mohamed NasheedMohamed Nasheed
He argued that the cost of the change would be no higher than what the Maldives already spends on energy.[44] As part of a ... Nasheed's successor and opposition forces also stated that the transfer of power was voluntary.[73] A later British ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Nasheed
Protein-protein interactionProtein-protein interaction
... resonance-energy transfer systems, mammalian protein-protein interaction trap, electro-switchable biosurfaces, protein-fragment ... Electron transfer proteins[edit]. In many metabolic reactions, a protein that acts as an electron carrier binds to an enzyme ... Hanukoglu I (1996). "Electron transfer proteins of cytochrome P450 systems". Physiological Functions of Cytochrome P450 in ... In the case of the mitochondrial P450 systems, the specific residues involved in the binding of the electron transfer protein ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–protein_interaction
CannabinoidCannabinoid
... such as energy transfer. It may play a role in promoting sleep and suppressing arousal.[27] ... It is proposed that the competition of leptin and cannabinoids for Tlc1 is implicated in energy homeostasis.[81] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocannabinoids
Greater LondonGreater London
The greatest were the 1969 transfers of Farleigh to Surrey and Knockholt to Kent.[29] Others have included exchange of two ... a b includes energy and construction *^ a b includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured ... Its functions were devolved to the City Corporation and the London Boroughs, with some functions transferred to central ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestryState University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Global issues such as responsible energy use and development of sustainable energy sources are critical focal points in the ... Mark Marquisee, in the seminal 1965 'Science' paper describing the structure of alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and protein ... Department of Renewable Energy Systems. p. 6,21.. *^ Wong, N. H.; Cheonga, D.; Yana, H.; Soha, J.; Ongb, C.; Siab, C. (May 2003 ... "The effects of rooftop garden on energy consumption of a commercial building in Singapore". Energy and Buildings. 35 (4): 353- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_College_of_Environmental_Science_and_Forestry
Intensity (physics)Intensity (physics)
In physics, the intensity or flux of radiant energy is the power transferred per unit area, where the area is measured on the ... Intensity can be applied to other circumstances where energy is transferred. For example, one could calculate the intensity of ... Intensity can be found by taking the energy density (energy per unit volume) at a point in space and multiplying it by the ... If a point source is radiating energy in all directions (producing a spherical wave), and no energy is absorbed or scattered by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics)
Textile manufacturingTextile manufacturing
A pirn-winding frame was used to transfer the weft from cheeses of yarn onto the pirns that would fit into the shuttle.. * ... The consumption of energy in form of water and electricity is relatively high, especially in processes like washing, de-sizing ... About 34 per cent of energy is consumed in spinning, 23 per cent in weaving, 38 per cent in chemical wet processing and five ... Power dominates consumption pattern in spinning and weaving, while thermal energy is the major factor for chemical wet ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_mill
Mortimer WheelerMortimer Wheeler
Wheeler transferred to the 1st Lowland Brigade of the Royal Field Artillery (Territorial Force), and was confirmed in his rank ... "a daemonic energy", with his accomplishments in India being "almost superhuman".[301] Ultimately, she thought of him as being " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortimer_Wheeler
William Pitt, 1st Earl of ChathamWilliam Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham
... and who had the rare power of transfusing his own indomitable energy and courage into all who served under him. "A spirited ... and there is evidence in his correspondence that he was meditating a comprehensive scheme for transferring much of the power of ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Elder
Gatesville, TexasGatesville, Texas
The buildings were transferred to the Texas Department of Corrections and were used as prisons for adults.[24][25] ... oilfield and energy, national defense, and other specialized transportation requirements. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatesville,_Texas
United States Transportation CommandUnited States Transportation Command
Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and Environment. *Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and ... The JDA's missions and functions transferred to USTRANSCOM on 18 April 1987, when the agency became the command's Directorate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USTRANSCOM
T-80T-80
It was evaluated on the Aberdeen Proving Ground.[53] In 2003, Ukraine transferred four T-80UD MBTs to the US.[63] ... The longest sighting range for T-80B kinetic energy ammunition and for cumulative ammunition - 4,000 m, high-explosive ... "SIPRI Arms Transfers Database". Archived from the original on 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2014-11-15.. ... In the buildup of forces before the assault on Grozny, T-80s had been transferred from depots to units with little experience ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-80
Verkhovna RadaVerkhovna Rada
Ukraine: Energy Policy Review 2006, International Energy Agency, 24 October 2006, ISBN 9264109919 (page 130) ... After the transfer of the capital of the Ukrainian SSR from Kharkiv to Kyiv in 1934, a whole set of government buildings was ... those powers were transferred to the Supreme Council of Justice).[40] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Parliament
SonophoresisSonophoresis
An important consideration when transferring energy to a patient would be the thermal energy generated from heating of the ... by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy by deformation of piezoelectric crystals in response to an electric ... Since there exists a need to enhance gene transfer into cells, sonophoresis has the ability to achieve higher transfection rate ... which drastically changes the ultrasound energy at the targeted area.[3] More challenges surround the cost of the actual ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonophoresis
Paul von HindenburgPaul von Hindenburg
He was transferred in 1885 to the General Staff and was promoted to major. His section was led by Count Alfred von Schlieffen, ... The troops built fortifications on the eastern border while Ludendorff "with his ruthless energy"[38] headed the civil ... At age 11 Paul entered the Cadet Corps School at Wahlstatt (now Legnickie Pole, Poland). At 16 he was transferred to the School ... They agreed that the existing staffs should make these arrangements.[103] To oversee the withdrawals OHL transferred ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg
CavitationCavitation
Spectral analysis of light emitted in sonochemical reactions reveal chemical and plasma-based mechanisms of energy transfer. ... energy harvesting, heat transfer enhancement, food processing, etc.[3] ... Cavitation has also become a concern in the renewable energy sector as it may occur on the blade surface of tidal stream ... This gave rise to rapid changes in flow velocity and therefore rapid changes of static pressure in areas of high heat transfer ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation
Dominion ObservatoryDominion Observatory
... surveying and mapping were transferred to the Department of Energy Mines and Resources. The Geophysics work was later merged ... As of 2008, the building is the home to the Office of Energy Efficiency, a part of the Energy Branch, Natural Resources Canada. ... The national time-keeping and astronomical activities were transferred to the National Research Council of Canada, while the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_Observatory
Transfer a License | Federal Energy Regulatory CommissionTransfer a License | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
To transfer a license, the licensee (transferor) and designated transferee must jointly or severally file an application for ... or denying the license transfer. If the order approves the transfer, the transferee has 60 days to complete the transfer and ... Following the receipt of all transfer documents, DHAC will mail a Signed Acceptance of Transfer of License letter to the new ... Renewable Energy Tax Credit Guidelines Pursuant to the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ...
https://www.ferc.gov/transfer-license
2 Mechanisms and Laws of Heat Transfer - Energy and Mass Transfers [Book]2 Mechanisms and Laws of Heat Transfer - Energy and Mass Transfers [Book]
Introduction The heat fluxes transferred between systems, or between parts of the same system, are governed by a set of ... equations which … - Selection from Energy and Mass Transfers [Book] ... Energy and Mass Transfers by Abdelhanine Benallou. Get full access to Energy and Mass Transfers and 60K+ other titles, with ... Get Energy and Mass Transfers now with the OReilly learning platform.. OReilly members experience live online training, plus ...
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/energy-and-mass/9781786302748/c02.xhtml
LONG-RANGE VIBRATIONAL ENERGY TRANSFER TO DIELECTRIC SURFACES. - Nokia Bell LabsLONG-RANGE VIBRATIONAL ENERGY TRANSFER TO DIELECTRIC SURFACES. - Nokia Bell Labs
Nokia sites use cookies to improve and personalize your experience and to display advertisements. The sites may also include cookies from third parties. By using this site, you consent to the use of cookies. Learn more ...
https://www.bell-labs.com/institute/publications/bl8191157/
Energy Transfer in Solid Argon During Ion Bombardment - Nokia Bell LabsEnergy Transfer in Solid Argon During Ion Bombardment - Nokia Bell Labs
Nokia sites use cookies to improve and personalize your experience and to display advertisements. The sites may also include cookies from third parties. By using this site, you consent to the use of cookies. Learn more ...
https://www.bell-labs.com/institute/publications/bl8601248/
Moving? Transfer Your Reliant Service | Reliant EnergyMoving? Transfer Your Reliant Service | Reliant Energy
Reliant makes it easy to transfer your electricity service to a new house or apartment. ... 2022 Reliant Energy Retail Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved , Reliant Energy Retail Services, LLC , PUCT Certificate #10007. ... 2022 Reliant Energy Retail Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved , Reliant Energy Retail Services, LLC , PUCT Certificate #10007. ... You must be within a Reliant service area to transfer your service and transfer within the same transmission and distribution ...
https://www.reliant.com/en/public/transfer-service.jsp
Williams Companies Inc Speeds Up its Lawsuit Against Energy Transfer Equity LP | Fox BusinessWilliams Companies Inc Speeds Up its Lawsuit Against Energy Transfer Equity LP | Fox Business
However, Energy Transfer sees the offering as a way to gain some breathing room because that retained cash flow could be used ... What's next on the docket?At the heart of the issue is the fact that Energy Transfer Equity is borrowing $6 billion to ... Williams Companies scored a key court victory this week after it won a motion to speed up its lawsuit against Energy Transfer ... Further, Energy Transfer Equity initially wanted to undertake a public offering of these Convertible Preferred Units to all its ...
https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/williams-companies-inc-speeds-up-its-lawsuit-against-energy-transfer-equity-lp
Energy Transfer Opens Mariner East 2 Pipeline Amid Hazard Worries, Investigation - TruthoutEnergy Transfer Opens Mariner East 2 Pipeline Amid Hazard Worries, Investigation - Truthout
"They have not." (Energy Transfer has "vehemently" denied wrongdoing.). Nonetheless, just before the New Year, Energy Transfer, ... Energy Transfer: New Name, Same Oil Spills and Violence Against Protesters Battles over new pipelines involving Energy Transfer ... Energy Transfer has declined to say publicly just how much of these NGLs it is now pumping through the modified Mariner East 2 ... Energy Transfer has previously gotten pushback from state regulators who said the company had misrepresented that PUCletter in ...
https://truthout.org/articles/energy-transfer-opens-mariner-east-2-pipeline-amid-hazard-worries-investigation/
ET | Energy Transfer LP Stock Overview (U.S.: NYSE) | BarronsET | Energy Transfer LP Stock Overview (U.S.: NYSE) | Barron's
Complete Energy Transfer LP stock information by Barrons. View real-time ET stock price and news, along with industry-best ... Energy Transfer LP provides natural gas pipeline transportation and transmission services. It operates through the following ...
https://www.barrons.com/market-data/stocks/et
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Microscopy - NASA/ADSFluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Microscopy - NASA/ADS
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is a better method than the x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic ... Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is a better method than the x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic ...
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JBO.....6..287P/abstract
Energy & Resources Transfer Pricing in the Middle East | Deloitte Middle East | Transfer PricingEnergy & Resources Transfer Pricing in the Middle East | Deloitte Middle East | Transfer Pricing
Resources industry in the Middle East and the Transfer Pricing implications that may apply. Some of the topics discussed in the ... article include the E&R supply chain, TP regulations in the Middle East, and Common Transfer Pricing industry issues. ... This document provides an overview of the Energy & ... Energy & Resources Transfer Pricing in the Middle East. Middle ... sector such as the Dubai Energy Strategy 2020, Omans Energy Master Plan and Saudi Arabias National Transformation Program and ...
https://www2.deloitte.com/xe/en/pages/tax/articles/energy-resources-transfer-pricing-middle-east.html
Energy Transfer LP - Strategy, SWOT and Corporate Finance ReportEnergy Transfer LP - Strategy, SWOT and Corporate Finance Report
... , is a source of comprehensive company data and information. ... Energy Transfer LP: Overview and Key Facts. Energy Transfer LP: Overview. Energy Transfer LP: Key Facts. Energy Transfer LP: ... Energy Transfer LP: Overview and Key Facts. Energy Transfer LP: Overview. Energy Transfer LP: Key Facts. Energy Transfer LP: ... Energy Transfer LP: SWOT Analysis. Energy Transfer LP: SWOT Overview. Energy Transfer LP: Strengths. Energy Transfer LP: ...
https://www.bharatbook.com/report/1353856/energy-transfer-lp-strategy-swot-and-corporate-finance-report
Energy Transfer (examples, answers, activities, experiments, videos)Energy Transfer (examples, answers, activities, experiments, videos)
... conservation of energy, A series of free Science Lessons for 7th Grade and 8th Grade, KS3 and Checkpoint, GCSE and IGCSE ... Energy Transfer Diagrams. An energy transfer diagram shows the input energy and output energies of a device. This includes all ... Energy Transfers. What is meant by conservation of energy?. How energy can be transferred from one store to another store.. ... First we explore the idea of conservation of energy and what is meant by a closed system. Then we look at energy transfers in ...
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/energy-transfer.html
Commonwealth v. Energy Transfer, L.P. Form - PA Office of Attorney General
Commonwealth v. Energy Transfer, L.P. Form. Commonwealth v. Energy Transfer, L.P. Form Click here for the grievance procedure ...
https://www.attorneygeneral.gov/commonwealth-v-energy-transfer-l-p-form/
North Carolina General Statutes § 143B-344.55 Energy Policy Council - transfer - Legal Research
North Carolina General Statutes § 143B-344.55 Energy Policy Council - transfer. The Energy Policy Council, as established by ... is hereby transferred to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources by a Type II transfer as defined in G.S. 143A-6. ( ...
https://law.onecle.com/north-carolina/143b-executive-organization-act-of-1973/143b-344.55.html
Energy Transfer (ET) Stock User Rankings - Investing.comEnergy Transfer (ET) Stock User Rankings - Investing.com
User rankings according to the performance of their sentiments for the Energy Transfer Equity LP stock. ... Follow Energy Transfers earnings. For all future releases. Just for the upcoming release. Send me a reminder 1 trading day ... Users ranking according to the performance of their sentiments for the Energy Transfer Equity LP stock. ...
https://www.investing.com/equities/energy-transfer-user-rankings
Czech Republic (07-503) - Atomic Energy Agreement Related to the Transfer of Spent Nuclear Fuel from the Research Reactor in...Czech Republic (07-503) - Atomic Energy Agreement Related to the Transfer of Spent Nuclear Fuel from the Research Reactor in...
Home2007 Treaties and Agreements ...Czech Republic (07-503) - Atomic Energy Agreement Related to the Transfer of Spent Nuclear ... Czech Republic (07-503) - Atomic Energy Agreement Related to the Transfer of Spent Nuclear Fuel from the Research Reactor in ... Economic Growth, Energy, and Environment. *. Economic Growth, Energy, and Environment. *Under Secretary for Economic Growth, ... Nuclear Energy: Fuel. Agreement effected by exchange of notes at Prague April 26 and May 3, 2007; entered into force May 3, ...
https://www.state.gov/07-503
Automatic Bank Transfer terms and conditions | Black Hills EnergyAutomatic Bank Transfer terms and conditions | Black Hills Energy
Black Hills Energy will electronically deduct from your bank account (i) your monthly utility bill on the due date of your bill ... financial institution account statement to verify the date and amount of any automated payments initiated by Black Hills Energy ... Please read the following terms and conditions for the automatic bank transfer payment program: ... Black Hills Energy reserves the right to cancel access to the Automatic Bank Transfer program if there is reason to believe ...
https://www.blackhillsenergy.com/automatic-bank-transfer-terms-and-conditions
Energy Transfer LP (ET) insider ownership & holdings - Yahoo FinanceEnergy Transfer LP (ET) insider ownership & holdings - Yahoo Finance
Get the latest updated list of insiders for Energy Transfer LP (ET). Find out the total insider shares held, purchased and sold ...
https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/quote/ET/insider-roster?p=ET
Yakama Nation Lambastes Energy Transfer CEO Kelcy Warren, State Leadership, Media Over DAPL - ICTYakama Nation Lambastes Energy Transfer CEO Kelcy Warren, State Leadership, Media Over DAPL - ICT
Yakama Nation Chairman JoDe Goudy lambasted Energy Transfer Partners CEO Kelcy Warren and others over handling of the Dakota ... Yakama Nation Lambastes Energy Transfer CEO Kelcy Warren, State Leadership, Media Over DAPL. Yakama Nation Chairman JoDe Goudy ... "To Kelcy Warren of Energy Transfer Partners, I say to you that your claim that Native Peoples deeply held understanding of the ... After the federal government's move, Energy Transfer Partners CEO Kelcy Warren sent a letter to employees promising that ...
https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/yakama-nation-lambastes-energy-transfer-ceo-kelcy-warren-state-leadership-media-over-dapl
Project Profile: Halide and Oxy-Halide Eutectic Systems for High-Performance, High-Temperature Heat Transfer Fluids |...Project Profile: Halide and Oxy-Halide Eutectic Systems for High-Performance, High-Temperature Heat Transfer Fluids |...
Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Main navigation. Solar Energy Technologies Office Home * About EERE About EERE * ... Project Profile: Halide and Oxy-Halide Eutectic Systems for High-Performance, High-Temperature Heat Transfer Fluids Solar ... Project Profile: Halide and Oxy-Halide Eutectic Systems for High-Performance, High-Temperature Heat Transfer Fluids ... is investigating the use of halide salts with oxy-halide additives as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) in concentrating solar power ...
https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/project-profile-halide-and-oxy-halide-eutectic-systems-high-performance-high-temperature
Vibrational Energy Transfer in N2*-CO and N2*-NO Mixtures.
Flow-tube experiments on vibrational energy transfer from N2 to CO and NO are described. A primary flow of N2 was vibrationally ... Flow-tube experiments on vibrational energy transfer from N2 to CO and NO are described. A primary flow of N2 was vibrationally ...
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD0718093
FREE WEBINAR: Eversources Story - Transforming Direct Transfer Trip (DTT) with LTE | Energy CentralFREE WEBINAR: Eversource's Story - Transforming Direct Transfer Trip (DTT) with LTE | Energy Central
... discover how New Englands largest energy provider, Eversource, implemented an innovative DDT design using SELs 3505 RTAC and ... FREE WEBINAR: Eversources Story - Transforming Direct Transfer Trip (DTT) with LTE. Posted to Energy Central in the Digital ... New to Energy Central?. Applying for membership with Energy Central allows you to connect with a network of more than 200,000 ... Energy Central Energy Central is an online community for global power professionals searching for information, products and ...
https://energycentral.com/o/energy-central/free-webinar-eversource%E2%80%99s-story-%E2%80%93-transforming-direct-transfer-trip-dtt-lte
ENERGY TRANSFER OPERATING L.P. Bond | Markets InsiderENERGY TRANSFER OPERATING L.P. Bond | Markets Insider
ENERGY TRANSFER OPERATING L.P. (US29278NAF06) - All master data, key figures and real-time diagram. ... About the Energy Transfer Operating L.P.-Bond (US29278NAF06) The Energy Transfer Operating L.P.-Bond has a maturity date of 6/ ... The Energy Transfer Operating L.P.-Bond was issued on the 6/8/2018 with a volume of 1000 M. USD. ...
https://markets.businessinsider.com/bonds/energy_transfer_operating_lp-bond-2028-us29278naf06?miRedirects=1
Energy Transfer LP Series H Tax Package Support
You will be logged out due to inactivity.. If you are still working, you may extend ...
https://www.taxpackagesupport.com/etPrefH
Scaling and energy transfer in rotating turbulence | EPLScaling and energy transfer in rotating turbulence | EPL
Scaling and energy transfer in rotating turbulence. W.-C. Müller1 and M. Thiele2 ... On the inverse energy transfer in rotating turbulence Eur. Phys. J. E (2018) 41: 131. ... For strong rotation the nonlinear energy cascade exhibits depletion and a pronounced anisotropy with the energy flux proceeding ... In contrast to the energy spectrum along the rotation axis which does not scale self-similarly, the perpendicular spectrum ...
https://epljournal.edpsciences.org/articles/epl/abs/2007/03/epl10071/epl10071.html
The Republic of Panama and Energy Transfer Announce the Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding to Study the Development of...The Republic of Panama and Energy Transfer Announce the Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding to Study the Development of...
The Republic of Panama and Dallas-based Energy Transfer LP (NYSE: ET) announced today that the parties have signed a Memorandum ... Energy Transfer LP (NYSE: ET) owns and operates one of the largest and most diversified portfolios of energy assets in the ... by Energy Transfer Executive Chairman Kelcy Warren and Panama President Laurentino Cortizo Cohen would expand Energy Transfers ... The Republic of Panama and Energy Transfer Announce the Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding to Study the Development of ...
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210713005987/en/The-Republic-of-Panama-and-Energy-Transfer-Announce-the-Signing-of-a-Memorandum-of-Understanding-to-Study-the-Development-of-Liquified-Petroleum-Gas-Assets-in-Panama
Photonics | Free Full-Text | Assessment of Gate Width Size on Lifetime-Based Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Parameter...Photonics | Free Full-Text | Assessment of Gate Width Size on Lifetime-Based Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Parameter...
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) enables the observation of interactions at the nanoscale level through the use of ... Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a phenomenon involving the non-radiative transfer of energy between an excited ... Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET); time-resolved imaging; gate width; fluorescence lifetime; gated ICCD; near infrared ( ... Assessment of Gate Width Size on Lifetime-Based Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Parameter Estimation by Sez-Jade Chen ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/2/4/1027
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge...Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge...
... control for evaluating insulating materials and systems since they provide for the measurement of charge transfer and energy ... Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge ... Test Method A can be used to obtain the integrated charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges in a dielectric ... which indicates directly on an oscilloscope the integrated charge transfer and the magnitude of the energy loss due to partial ...
https://www.astm.org/d3382-07.html
Transfers of energy through fast diffusion channels in some resonant PDEs on the circleTransfers of energy through fast diffusion channels in some resonant PDEs on the circle
J. Colliander, M. Keel, G. Staffilani, H. Takaoka and T. Tao, Transfer of energy to high frequencies in the cubic defocusing ... F. Giuliani, M. Guardia, P. Martin and S. Pasquali, Chaotic-like transfers of energy in hamiltonian pdes, Communications in ... This phenomenon induces a transfer of energy among the Fourier modes of the solutions, which in turn is responsible for the ... Transfers of energy through fast diffusion channels in some resonant PDEs on the circle ...
https://www.aimsciences.org/article/doi/10.3934/dcds.2021068
Transfer'sEfficiencyConductionLake Charles LNGNYSEFRETKelcy WarrenPipelineCentersProcesses2020RadiationEquity LPMoleculesKinetic energyElectron transferMolecularPipelinesVelocity2018RenewableInteractionsResonantDensityLatentLicenceThermal energySolarExperimentsSURFACESElectricityPhysTransfereeContentMixturesBlockageConservation of eneHeatSystemsInfrastructurePhysicalDepartmentMaximizeNonlinearUnderstandingsIncreasesMechanicalGainFuelsUsernameEntityStakeholdersInnovativeInvolvesMethodsNuclearQuantumEvaluateEnables
Transfer's5
  • The non-binding MOU signed yesterday in Dallas by Energy Transfer Executive Chairman Kelcy Warren and Panama President Laurentino Cortizo Cohen would expand Energy Transfer's international operations into new markets while providing Panama the opportunity to establish itself as a distribution center of petroleum products to markets globally. (businesswire.com)
  • Based on Energy Transfer's latest earnings release for the quarter ending June 30, the company reported a quarterly revenue of $25.95 billion and a net profit of $1.33 billion. (tipranks.com)
  • Energy Transfer's new payment level is $0.305 per unit each quarter ($1.22 a year). (yahoo.com)
  • The Lake Charles project also benefits from its unparalleled connectivity to Energy Transfer's existing nationwide interstate and intrastate pipeline system that provides direct access to multiple natural gas basins in the U.S. (energytransfer.com)
  • Additionally, Shell will continue to support Energy Transfer during a transition period to facilitate Energy Transfer's plans to continue the development of the project. (energytransfer.com)
Efficiency11
  • Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has emerged as a valuable approach to overcome some of the intrinsic limitations of conventional single lumophore LSCs, such as reabsorption or reduced quantum efficiency. (cam.ac.uk)
  • NETL Federal Project Manager Maria Reidpath highlighted federal programs designed to promote the transfer of innovative energy technologies into the marketplace at this week's Energy Storage and Building Efficiency Conference. (doe.gov)
  • The agenda included sessions on how to use advanced energy storage technologies to improve buildings' energy efficiency and facilitate technology transfer. (doe.gov)
  • The energy transfer efficiency in the first model is affected by the source power whereas in the second model the efficiency is independent of it. (arxiv.org)
  • The energy transfer efficiency in a chain with even number of sites is higher than a chain with odd number of sites. (arxiv.org)
  • When considering MIMO wireless channel and wireless power transfer, an efficient algorithm is presented to optimally schedule the data offloading and radio resources in order to maximize energy efficiency as well as fairness among mobile users. (jyu.fi)
  • Most of the existing literatures on green communications aimed to improve the energy efficiency at the base station or data server. (jyu.fi)
  • Helps businesses to save energy by discovering waste and improving efficiency. (rbytes.net)
  • Now, innovative Clariant catalysts are used in Technip Energies' ground-breaking EARTH® technology to drastically improve the energy efficiency of SMR based hydrogen production, thus significantly reducing CO 2 in the flue gas. (clariant.com)
  • The ATR hydrogen process allows the efficient use of renewable energy to produce oxygen by air separation and to preheat the feed stream, such that, in the best case, CO 2 only needs to be captured from the process gas, thus improving sustainability and cost-efficiency of hydrogen production via the ATR route. (clariant.com)
  • Furthermore, copepods obviously utilize ingested food best, gauged in terms of produced biomass, followed by cladocerans and doliolids, which suggests that the different mesozooplankton have different impacts on energy transfer efficiency within the food web. (uni-muenchen.de)
Conduction3
  • We already know that heat can spread according to three physical mechanisms or modes of transfer: conduction, convection and radiation. (oreilly.com)
  • Thermal energy transfers occur in three ways: through conduction, convection, and radiation. (entornoit.com)
  • Heat Transfer · Conduction is the transfer of energy from one molecule to another by direct contact. (entornoit.com)
Lake Charles LNG2
  • DALLAS --(BUSINESS WIRE)--Mar. 30, 2020-- Energy Transfer LP (NYSE: ET) announced today that it will take over development of the Lake Charles LNG export project following Shell's announcement that it has decided not to proceed with an equity investment in the project. (energytransfer.com)
  • ET, through its ownership of Energy Transfer Operating, L.P. , also owns Lake Charles LNG Company , as well as the general partner interests, the incentive distribution rights and 28.5 million common units of Sunoco LP (NYSE: SUN), and the general partner interests and 46.1 million common units of USA Compression Partners, LP (NYSE: USAC). (energytransfer.com)
NYSE3
  • PANAMA CITY & DALLAS--( BUSINESS WIRE )--The Republic of Panama and Dallas-based Energy Transfer LP (NYSE: ET) announced today that the parties have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to study the feasibility of joint participation in a proposed Trans-Panama Gateway Pipeline project. (businesswire.com)
  • Energy Transfer LP (NYSE: ET) owns and operates one of the largest and most diversified portfolios of energy assets in the United States, with a strategic footprint in all of the major domestic production basins. (businesswire.com)
  • Energy Transfer (NYSE: ET) is giving its investors another raise. (yahoo.com)
FRET2
  • Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is a better method than the x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, or electron microscopy for studying the structure and localization of proteins under physiological conditions. (harvard.edu)
  • Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) enables the observation of interactions at the nanoscale level through the use of fluorescence optical imaging techniques. (mdpi.com)
Kelcy Warren4
  • At issue is the private offering of Convertible Preferred Units that Energy Transfer Equity issued to some of its unitholders, half of which went to its CEO Kelcy Warren, which Williams says protects them from a future distribution cut. (foxbusiness.com)
  • Yakama Nation Chairman JoDe Goudy lambasted Energy Transfer Partners CEO Kelcy Warren and others over handling of the Dakota Access pipeline. (indiancountrytoday.com)
  • After the federal government's move, Energy Transfer Partners CEO Kelcy Warren sent a letter to employees promising that the pipeline would be built and outlining the ways in which the law was on the company's side. (indiancountrytoday.com)
  • To Kelcy Warren of Energy Transfer Partners, I say to you that your claim that Native Peoples' deeply held understanding of the threats posed by DAPL to the Missouri and Cannonball Rivers is "unfounded," is a mistruth-a bold-faced lie," said Goudy. (indiancountrytoday.com)
Pipeline6
  • Energy Transfer has begun shipping natural gas liquids through one of the most troubled pipeline projects in Pennsylvania, sparking calls for additional investigations as residents say safety concerns remain unresolved. (truthout.org)
  • Nonetheless, just before the New Year, Energy Transfer, which owns Sunoco, announced that it was starting to operate the Mariner East 2 pipeline, bypassing more than 20 miles of unfinished construction by using a small 12-inch pipeline originally installed in the 1930s. (truthout.org)
  • A November 2018 investigation by Reuters found that between Mariner East 2 and the Rover pipeline, Energy Transfer and its subsidiaries racked up over 800 state and federal permit violations - compared against an average 19 violations for four other large pipeline construction projects. (truthout.org)
  • Energy Transfer LP provides natural gas pipeline transportation and transmission services. (barrons.com)
  • Editor's note: On Friday September 9, the federal government stepped in to halt some of the construction under way on the Dakota Access oil pipeline after U.S. District Court Judge denied the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe's request for an injunction to stop Energy Transfer Partners from running the pipeline under the Missouri River. (indiancountrytoday.com)
  • PetroChina , a listed arm of CNPC, also said it was trying for a deal with PipeChina on the transfer of pipeline assets and no agreement had been reached as of late March. (indiatimes.com)
Centers2
  • In addition, a number of other European research centers have been used in our knowledge-transfer network. (europa.eu)
  • This protein is found in cell structures called mitochondria, which are the energy-producing centers of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Processes5
  • In this chapter, we analyze the different physical processes through which heat transfer occurs. (oreilly.com)
  • Energy can be used to do work, using many processes. (teachengineering.org)
  • All new transfer applications will be subject to our new requirements and processes. (aer.ca)
  • Development and application of polarizable QM/MM methods to describe energy transfer processes in natural light-harvesting proteins. (gaussian.com)
  • For example, in many photochemical, charge and electronic energy transfer processes nuclear molecular dynamics proceeds near conical intersections. (umich.edu)
20204
  • That's one reason why Energy Transfer Equity no longer expects that the merger will deliver $2 billion in commercial synergies by 2020, instead pegging that number as low as $170 million, due in part to the much higher capital costs it will now incur. (foxbusiness.com)
  • The governments of the GCC countries have established the several intiiatives aimed at developing the Energy & Resources (E&R) sector such as the Dubai Energy Strategy 2020, Oman's Energy Master Plan and Saudi Arabia's National Transformation Program and Vision 2030, among others. (deloitte.com)
  • The INTERREG IVC RENERGY project aims at contributing to the achievement of the Europe 2020 targets and improving the effectiveness of local sustainable energy strategies by demonstrating the relevance of a holistic approach to tackle local community needs, cultural and infrastructural characteristics. (witpress.com)
  • Shell has committed to support Energy Transfer with this process through the receipt of commercial EPC bids in the second quarter of 2020. (energytransfer.com)
Radiation3
  • This proposal would been applied for the compensation of silica while in the performance of duty implement select provisions of the veterans with radiation exposure from for the Department of Energy and Energy Employees Occupational Illness atomic bombs to compensation policy certain of its vendors, contractors, and Compensation Program Act of 2000 for radiation-exposed nuclear weapons subcontractors. (cdc.gov)
  • We are surrounded by matter, radiation, and energy everywhere we look. (uncommondescent.com)
  • Ionizing radiation is energy that is carried by several types of particles and rays given off by radioactive material, x ray machines, and fuel elements in nuclear reactors. (cdc.gov)
Equity LP2
  • Energy Transfer LP (ET), formerly Energy Transfer Equity LP, is a publicly traded partnership that owns and operates a portfolio of energy assets. (bharatbook.com)
  • Users ranking according to the performance of their sentiments for the Energy Transfer Equity LP stock. (investing.com)
Molecules4
  • Interactions of molecules at metal surfaces can result in energy exchange with the electrons of the metal. (rsc.org)
  • This minireview describes recent experiments on energy transfer between small molecules and simple, well-ordered surfaces, which suggest that at least for certain systems, energy can be selectively transferred between a molecule and a single electron of the solid, a process that might better be described as an electron transfer reaction than as friction. (rsc.org)
  • M.F. Iozzi, B. Mennucci, J. Tomasi, R. Cammi, "Excitation Energy Transfer (EET) between molecules in condensed matter: a novel application of the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM)", J. Chem. (gaussian.com)
  • The transfer of chemical energy from one molecule to another depends on proximity of molecules so it is often used as in techniques to measure distance such as the use of FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER . (bvsalud.org)
Kinetic energy4
  • Engineers need to know what happens when something heavy falls from a long distance changing its potential energy into kinetic energy. (teachengineering.org)
  • Construct, use, and present arguments to support the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object. (teachengineering.org)
  • Kinetic energy is transferred into gravitational potential energy.A boat being accelerated by the force of the engine. (entornoit.com)
  • It includes the transfer of kinetic energy and the transfer of chemical energy. (bvsalud.org)
Electron transfer1
  • Photovoltaic panels use specific cells to convert solar energy into an electron transfer through the photovoltaic effect. (skygrid.com)
Molecular1
  • B. Mennucci, C. Curutchet, "The role of the environment in electronic energy transfer: a molecular modeling perspective", Phys. (gaussian.com)
Pipelines3
  • Battles over new pipelines involving Energy Transfer, formerly known as Energy Transfer Partners, are heating up. (truthout.org)
  • Energy Transfer, formed in 1996 is one of the largest and most diversified midstream companies in the United States with more than 90,000 miles of pipelines and associated infrastructure in 38 states and Canada, with international offices in Canada and Beijing. (businesswire.com)
  • The AER must approve any transfer of AER-licensed wells, facilities, and pipelines. (aer.ca)
Velocity1
  • This was another popular option I have seen since the 10mm has a higher velocity and energy transfer than a .45 ACP. (thefirearmblog.com)
20181
  • The Energy Transfer Operating L.P.-Bond was issued on the 6/8/2018 with a volume of 1000 M. USD. (businessinsider.com)
Renewable5
  • Scientists around the world are investigating new, more economic and renewable sources of energy. (bl.uk)
  • Photovoltaic technology is an environmentally-friendly and sustainable innovation that's evolving fast, changing the renewable energy sector. (skygrid.com)
  • Investments and R&D for these types of renewable energy sources are at an all-time high and are expected to keep rising. (skygrid.com)
  • The use of drone technology in the renewable energy sector has grown quickly. (skygrid.com)
  • Example for a MeSH descriptor: With the creation of the descriptor Renewable Energy under Energy-Generating Resources in the N category (Health Care) in 2012, the descriptor Biofuels now has one more hierarchical level, in addition to also belonging to the D category (Chemicals and Drugs) under Complex Mixtures. (bvsalud.org)
Interactions1
  • Understand characteristics of energy transfer and interactions of matter and energy. (teachengineering.org)
Resonant1
  • B. Grébert and C. Villegas-Blas , On the energy exchange between resonant modes in nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse non linéaire , 28 (2011), 127-134. (aimsciences.org)
Density2
  • The method has a high energy storage density and is characterized by a slight variation in temperature during the process of energy storage. (bl.uk)
  • Hydrogen, which possesses the highest gravimetric energy density of any energy carrier, is attractive for both mobile and stationary power, but its low volumetric energy density poses major storage and transport challenges. (nature.com)
Latent5
  • Thermal energy could be accumulated using latent, sensible and thermo-chemical storage methods. (bl.uk)
  • The latent heat thermal energy storage method that utilizes phase change materials (PCMs) is the most promising energy storage technique. (bl.uk)
  • The low thermal conductivity is a major drawback of the PCMs and limits their application as latent heat thermal energy storage materials. (bl.uk)
  • This manuscript is divided into four main parts that report the results of the investigations seeking to improve the latent heat energy storage systems utilising PCMs. (bl.uk)
  • The modified webbed tube heat exchanger was proposed as a novel heat exchanger design to improve the thermal performance of the latent heat thermal energy storage systems that are based on PCMs. (bl.uk)
Licence5
  • As outlined in Directive 088: Licensee Life-Cycle Management , a licence transfer application will trigger a holistic licensee assessment of both the transferor and transferee. (aer.ca)
  • We will consider the results of the holistic assessment and other factors when making the decision to approve, approve with conditions, or deny a licence transfer application. (aer.ca)
  • Question: How do I create a licence transfer application? (aer.ca)
  • Submit Licence Transfer Application. (aer.ca)
  • Before a licence transfer application will be accepted by the licence transfer subsystem, both parties must confirm that the information contained within the application is correct and accept a declaration stating they have complied with a list of specified AER requirements (refer to Directive 006 for further information). (aer.ca)
Thermal energy3
  • Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). (teachengineering.org)
  • Thermal energy is widely available in nature as a by-product of numerous energy conversion plants. (bl.uk)
  • That low thermal conductivity of PCMs increases their thermal energy storage and release times. (bl.uk)
Solar3
  • The wide-spread introduction of renewables (solar and wind generation) has been a tremendous benefit in helping to reduce greenhouse gases and diversify the energy supply. (energycentral.com)
  • Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in Luminescent Solar Concentrators. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Immanuel Hango, a Civil Engineer by profession and through Namibia Chemicals, developed a solution to produce chlorine by electrolyse salt using 100% solar energy as a means to fight cholera in an environmentally friendly manner. (who.int)
Experiments1
  • Flow-tube experiments on vibrational energy transfer from N2 to CO and NO are described. (dtic.mil)
SURFACES1
  • However, there are also a few complications associated with cases when several electronic potential energy surfaces become similar in energy or even cross. (umich.edu)
Electricity2
  • Transferring your Reliant electricity service is the easiest way to keep your current plan and locked-in price for the length of your term. (reliant.com)
  • Electricity transmission happens at high voltage (115kV or above) to minimize the loss of energy during long distance transmission. (articlecube.com)
Phys1
  • V. Novoderezhkin, J. Kongsted, A. Muñoz-Losa, R. van Grondelle, G.D. Scholes, B. Mennucci, " Energy Flow in the Cryptophyte PE545 Antenna is Directed by Bilin Pigment Conformation ", J. Phys. (gaussian.com)
Transferee2
  • To transfer a license, the licensee (transferor) and designated transferee must jointly or severally file an application for approval with the Commission. (ferc.gov)
  • If the order approves the transfer, the transferee has 60 days to complete the transfer and file the instruments of conveyance or articles of merger and signed acceptance sheet. (ferc.gov)
Content1
  • WeCMC is formed by a group of users who have both functionalities of information decoding and energy harvesting, and are interested for cooperating in downloading content from the operators. (jyu.fi)
Mixtures1
  • Vibrational Energy Transfer in N2*-CO and N2*-NO Mixtures. (dtic.mil)
Blockage1
  • No blockages may occur at these latter two levels due to the fact that if both entities are not ready for this energy it is not visible and neither transfer nor blockage may take place. (lawofone.info)
Conservation of ene4
  • What is meant by conservation of energy? (onlinemathlearning.com)
  • First we explore the idea of conservation of energy and what is meant by a closed system. (onlinemathlearning.com)
  • Students learn how the conservation of energy applies to impact situations such as a car crash or a falling objects. (teachengineering.org)
  • This lesson covers one of the fundamental principles of engineering and applied physics, the law of conservation of energy, a key concept in many areas of engineering. (teachengineering.org)
Heat6
  • The heat fluxes transferred between systems, or between parts of the same system, are governed by a set of equations which take into account the thermal potential difference (TPD), the importance of the transfer areas concerned and the physicochemical properties of the examined flows or solids. (oreilly.com)
  • These equations are known as heat transfer laws. (oreilly.com)
  • They make it possible to evaluate the energy fluxes and the flux densities involved in a given heat exchange. (oreilly.com)
  • This analysis is conducted with a view to elaborating the equations and laws expressing the heat fluxes induced by the different transfer mechanisms. (oreilly.com)
  • The novel catalyst, developed by Clariant and Technip Energies, combines low pressure drop with highest activity and heat transfer. (clariant.com)
  • They do not use water for cooling, heat transfer, and reactivity control, but instead use some other fluid. (energycentral.com)
Systems3
  • A complementary approach is to improve existing energy storage systems, which are as important as the development of new energy sources. (bl.uk)
  • In this paper, we investigate resource allocation algorithm design for secure non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems empowered by wireless power transfer. (jyu.fi)
  • A considerable number of death cases could therefore be reduced through adequate housing standards, heating systems and energy supply. (who.int)
Infrastructure1
  • BEIJING: China National Offshore Oil Corp ( CNOOC ) has signed an agreement with newly launched PipeChina on transferring management rights for oil and gas infrastructure projects, the company said in a statement on Wednesday. (indiatimes.com)
Physical1
  • Physical hazards are workplace agents that can cause tissue damage by transfer of energy from the agent to the person. (cdc.gov)
Department4
  • The Energy Policy Council, as established by Chapter 113B of the General Statutes and other applicable laws of this State, is hereby transferred to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources by a Type II transfer as defined in G.S. 143A-6. (onecle.com)
  • The U.S. Department of Energy is among 11 federal agencies that participate in these programs, which provide about $2.5 billion a year to stimulate economic investment. (doe.gov)
  • During the past decade US Department of Energy transferred uranium in violation of federal law. (webcommentary.com)
  • The US Department of Energy (DOE) periodically sells or transfers its excess uranium under the condition that sales or transfers will not adversely impact the domestic uranium market. (webcommentary.com)
Maximize1
  • A "three pillar" approach is used to maximize knowledge transfer and results uptake through synergic actions. (witpress.com)
Nonlinear1
  • For strong rotation the nonlinear energy cascade exhibits depletion and a pronounced anisotropy with the energy flux proceeding mainly perpendicularly to the rotation axis. (edpsciences.org)
Understandings1
  • As such they may be worthy starting points or reminders for Transfer Goals and Enduring Understandings. (tommarch.com)
Increases1
  • Rebound Frame's Dual Flex Zones focus more energy into the golf ball at impact, creating a purer energy transfer that instantaneously increases ball speed and distance on every strike. (worldwidegolfshops.com)
Mechanical6
  • Rollercoasters are all about mechanical energy! (teachengineering.org)
  • Mechanical energy is the most easily understood form of energy for students. (teachengineering.org)
  • When mechanical energy is involved, something moves. (teachengineering.org)
  • Mechanical energy is a very important concept to understand. (teachengineering.org)
  • Our knowledge of mechanical energy is used to help design things like bridges, engines, cars, tools, parachutes and even buildings! (teachengineering.org)
  • The compressing matter has a lower mechanical energy than the matter already flung off, so the transfer of energy by increasing the speed is debated. (sciforums.com)
Gain3
  • However, Energy Transfer sees the offering as a way to gain some breathing room because that retained cash flow could be used to pay down some of the incremental debt it is issuing to acquire Williams Companies. (foxbusiness.com)
  • Gain understanding of Energy Transfer LP and the factors that influence its strategies. (bharatbook.com)
  • Performance evaluations demonstrate that a significant energy saving gain can be achieved by the proposed schemes. (jyu.fi)
Fuels1
  • Rapid economic growth has led to increased use of fossil fuels as an energy source. (bl.uk)
Username1
Entity1
Stakeholders2
  • A selection of good practices will be transferred into the Local Implementation Plans including key policy recommendations to be disseminated to target stakeholders groups. (witpress.com)
  • 6. To provide high impact training and technology transfer programmes to researchers and stakeholders for the advancement of individual careers and the establishment of partnerships with SMEs and industrial organizations. (europa.eu)
Innovative1
  • Register for this webinar and discover how New England's largest energy provider, Eversource, implemented an innovative DDT design using SEL's 3505 RTAC and Sierra Wireless' cellular gateways to communicate and control reliably over LTE. (energycentral.com)
Involves1
  • This electric transmission involves the bulk transfer of the electrical energy at very high voltage. (articlecube.com)
Methods1
  • 1.4 Both test methods are intended to supplement the measurement and detection of pulse-type partial discharges as covered by Test Method D 1868, by measuring the sum of both pulse and pseudoglow discharges per cycle in terms of their charge and energy. (astm.org)
Nuclear1
  • Analytical Free Energy Second Derivatives with respect to Nuclear Coordinates: a Complete Formulation for Electrostatic Continuum Solvation Models," J. Chem. (gaussian.com)
Quantum1
  • That is, if you appeal to a speculative high-energy quantum vacuum in which there are nano-scale fluctuations, that is not nothing . (uncommondescent.com)
Evaluate1
  • In this regard, Energy Transfer will evaluate various alternatives to advance the project, including the possibility of bringing in one or more equity partners and reducing the size of the project from three trains (16.45 mtpa of LNG capacity) to two trains (11.0 mtpa). (energytransfer.com)
Enables1
  • Such causal assumption enables efficient knowledge transfer from the dominant classes to their under-represented counterparts, even if their feature distributions show apparent disparities. (neurips.cc)
Wireless Sensor Monitoring System Archives - Helix Energy Transfer
Wireless Sensor Monitoring System Archives - Helix Energy Transfer (helixenergytransfer.com)
ICODE® SLIX2 NFC Forum Type 5 Tag with originality signature | NXP Semiconductors
ICODE® SLIX2 NFC Forum Type 5 Tag with originality signature | NXP Semiconductors (nxp.com)
ET | Energy Transfer LP Stock Overview (U.S.: NYSE) | Barron's
ET | Energy Transfer LP Stock Overview (U.S.: NYSE) | Barron's (barrons.com)
Laufende Projekte
Laufende Projekte (oeaw.ac.at)
Ultrafast memory loss and energy redistribution in the hydrogen bond network of liquid H2O | Nature
Ultrafast memory loss and energy redistribution in the hydrogen bond network of liquid H2O | Nature (nature.com)
Is Texas Instruments Stock a Buy Right Now?
Is Texas Instruments Stock a Buy Right Now? (finance.yahoo.com)
Why would a circuit breaker switch spark? - Answers
Why would a circuit breaker switch spark? - Answers (answers.com)
2 Mechanisms and Laws of Heat Transfer - Energy and Mass Transfers [Book]
2 Mechanisms and Laws of Heat Transfer - Energy and Mass Transfers [Book] (oreilly.com)
Civil and maritime engineering | University of Southampton
Civil and maritime engineering | University of Southampton (southampton.ac.uk)
Fluorescence
Fluorescence (microscopyu.com)
Energy Transfer (examples, answers, activities, experiments, videos)
Energy Transfer (examples, answers, activities, experiments, videos) (onlinemathlearning.com)
Williams Companies Inc Speeds Up its Lawsuit Against Energy Transfer Equity LP | Fox Business
Williams Companies Inc Speeds Up its Lawsuit Against Energy Transfer Equity LP | Fox Business (foxbusiness.com)
Energy Transfer (ET) • Aktie • A0JJTN / US29273V1008
Energy Transfer (ET) • Aktie • A0JJTN / US29273V1008 (boersennews.de)
A Schrödinger type explanation of Fresnel formulas | Semantic Scholar
A Schrödinger type explanation of Fresnel formulas | Semantic Scholar (semanticscholar.org)
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Microscopy - NASA/ADS
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Microscopy - NASA/ADS (ui.adsabs.harvard.edu)
Energy Transfer Opens Mariner East 2 Pipeline Amid Hazard Worries, Investigation - Truthout
Energy Transfer Opens Mariner East 2 Pipeline Amid Hazard Worries, Investigation - Truthout (truthout.org)
James Bauer's Relationship Rewrite Method Review: IS THIS FOR REAL?
James Bauer's Relationship Rewrite Method Review: IS THIS FOR REAL? (buyusainfo.net)
Energy Transfer LP (ET) insider ownership & holdings - Yahoo Finance
Energy Transfer LP (ET) insider ownership & holdings - Yahoo Finance (uk.finance.yahoo.com)
Yext, Inc. (NYSE:YEXT) Shares Could Be 48% Below Their Intrinsic Value Estimate
Yext, Inc. (NYSE:YEXT) Shares Could Be 48% Below Their Intrinsic Value Estimate (finance.yahoo.com)
The Zacks Analyst Blog Highlights Tesla, Driven Brand Holdings and American Axle & Manufacturing
The Zacks Analyst Blog Highlights Tesla, Driven Brand Holdings and American Axle & Manufacturing (finance.yahoo.com)
Elizabeth Warren unveils 'broad cancellation plan' for student debt
Elizabeth Warren unveils 'broad cancellation plan' for student debt (finance.yahoo.com)
Beyond Meat's New Whole Foods Debut Sent the Stock Soaring
Beyond Meat's New Whole Foods Debut Sent the Stock Soaring (finance.yahoo.com)
Blitzunfall Energie bertragungsmechanismen und medizinische Folgen
Blitzunfall Energie bertragungsmechanismen und medizinische Folgen (aerzteblatt.de)
Genetically encoded optical indicators for the analysis of neuronal circuits | Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Genetically encoded optical indicators for the analysis of neuronal circuits | Nature Reviews Neuroscience (nature.com)
10 Dividend Stocks to Buy for the Second Quarter | InvestorPlace
10 Dividend Stocks to Buy for the Second Quarter | InvestorPlace (investorplace.com)
Excelerate Archives - Marine Log
Excelerate Archives - Marine Log (marinelog.com)
Unimolecular reactions Faraday Discussion
Unimolecular reactions Faraday Discussion (rsc.org)
Powerful uptrend meets major resistance - MarketWatch
Powerful uptrend meets major resistance - MarketWatch (marketwatch.com)
FLOKI Integrates Chainlink Price Feeds, Assures Users With High Security and Accurate Pricing
FLOKI Integrates Chainlink Price Feeds, Assures Users With High Security and Accurate Pricing (finance.yahoo.com)
Why many Empaths Struggle to hold down Relationships. | elephant journal
Why many Empaths Struggle to hold down Relationships. | elephant journal (elephantjournal.com)
La Cruz Roja Americana trabaja mientras Florence causa devastadoras inundaciones históricas a comunidades enteras
La Cruz Roja Americana trabaja mientras Florence causa devastadoras inundaciones históricas a comunidades enteras (redcross.org)
2017 Year in Review: Red Cross Delivers More Food, Relief Items and Shelter Stays than Last 4 Years Combined
2017 Year in Review: Red Cross Delivers More Food, Relief Items and Shelter Stays than Last 4 Years Combined (redcross.org)