Endothelial cells. Medical search

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

Two syndromes of oral, facial, and digital malformations. Type I (Papillon-Leage and Psaume syndrome, Gorlin-Psaume syndrome) is inherited as an X-linked dominant trait and is found only in females and XXY males. Type II (Mohr syndrome) is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Endothelial cells that line venous vessels of the UMBILICAL CORD.

A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR), lymph vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, LYMPHATIC), and the serous cavities of the body.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

The development of new BLOOD VESSELS during the restoration of BLOOD CIRCULATION during the healing process.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as "tumor angiogenesis factor" and "vascular permeability factor". Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.

Single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea.

The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.

Cell adhesion molecules present on virtually all monocytes, platelets, and granulocytes. CD31 is highly expressed on endothelial cells and concentrated at the junctions between them.

Cytokine-induced cell adhesion molecule present on activated endothelial cells, tissue macrophages, dendritic cells, bone marrow fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes. It is important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. (From Pigott & Power, The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, 1993, p154)

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

A cell-surface ligand involved in leukocyte adhesion and inflammation. Its production is induced by gamma-interferon and it is required for neutrophil migration into inflamed tissue.

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates neutrophil, monocyte, and memory T-cell adhesion to cytokine-activated endothelial cells. E-selectin recognizes sialylated carbohydrate groups related to the Lewis X or Lewis A family.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

A 200-230-kDa tyrosine kinase receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors found primarily in endothelial and hematopoietic cells and their precursors. VEGFR-2 is important for vascular and hematopoietic development, and mediates almost all endothelial cell responses to VEGF.

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

These growth factors are soluble mitogens secreted by a variety of organs. The factors are a mixture of two single chain polypeptides which have affinity to heparin. Their molecular weight are organ and species dependent. They have mitogenic and chemotactic effects and can stimulate endothelial cells to grow and synthesize DNA. The factors are related to both the basic and acidic FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS but have different amino acid sequences.

Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).

The finer blood vessels of the vasculature that are generally less than 100 microns in internal diameter.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A family of angiogenic proteins that are closely-related to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A. They play an important role in the growth and differentiation of vascular as well as lymphatic endothelial cells.

The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Agents and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels.

Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A high-molecular-weight plasma protein, produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. The von Willebrand factor has receptors for collagen, platelets, and ristocetin activity as well as the immunologically distinct antigenic determinants. It functions in adhesion of platelets to collagen and hemostatic plug formation. The prolonged bleeding time in VON WILLEBRAND DISEASES is due to the deficiency of this factor.

A TIE receptor tyrosine kinase that is found almost exclusively on ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. It is required for both normal embryonic vascular development (NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGIC) and tumor angiogenesis (NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC).

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. Several different forms of the human protein exist ranging from 18-24 kDa in size due to the use of alternative start sites within the fgf-2 gene. It has a 55 percent amino acid residue identity to FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1 and has potent heparin-binding activity. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages. It was originally named basic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from acidic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1).

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.

A family of closely related RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES that bind vascular endothelial growth factors. They share a cluster of seven extracellular Ig-like domains which are important for ligand binding. They are highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and are critical for the physiological and pathological growth, development and maintenance of blood and lymphatic vessels.

The blood vessels which supply and drain the RETINA.

An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY).

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP.

Culture media containing biologically active components obtained from previously cultured cells or tissues that have released into the media substances affecting certain cell functions (e.g., growth, lysis).

Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.

The first to be discovered member of the angiopoietin family. It may play a role in increasing the sprouting and branching of BLOOD VESSELS. Angiopoietin-1 specifically binds to and stimulates the TIE-2 RECEPTOR. Several isoforms of angiopoietin-1 occur due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Loss of CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM usually following intraocular surgery (e.g., cataract surgery) or due to FUCHS' ENDOTHELIAL DYSTROPHY; ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA; IRITIS; or aging.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Unique slender cells with multiple processes extending along the capillary vessel axis and encircling the vascular wall, also called mural cells. Pericytes are imbedded in the BASEMENT MEMBRANE shared with the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessel. Pericytes are important in maintaining vessel integrity, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling.

Unbroken cellular lining (intima) of the lymph vessels (e.g., the high endothelial lymphatic venules). It is more permeable than vascular endothelium, lacking selective absorption and functioning mainly to remove plasma proteins that have filtered through the capillaries into the tissue spaces.

A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.

A republic in the north of South America, east of VENEZUELA and west of SURINAME. Its capital is Georgetown.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.

A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE that contains cholestane glycosides (CHOLESTANES).

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates the adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes to activated platelets and endothelial cells.

A tyrosine phosphoprotein that plays an essential role in CAVEOLAE formation. It binds CHOLESTEROL and is involved in LIPIDS transport, membrane traffic, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.

Agents that induce or stimulate PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS or PATHOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS.

Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

An angiopoietin that is closely related to ANGIOPOIETIN-1. It binds to the TIE-2 RECEPTOR without receptor stimulation and antagonizes the effect of ANGIOPOIETIN-1. However its antagonistic effect may be limited to cell receptors that occur within the vasculature. Angiopoietin-2 may therefore play a role in down-regulation of BLOOD VESSEL branching and sprouting.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

A cell surface glycoprotein of endothelial cells that binds thrombin and serves as a cofactor in the activation of protein C and its regulation of blood coagulation.

Rod-shaped storage granules for VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR specific to endothelial cells.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A condition of decreased oxygen content at the cellular level.

A class of cellular receptors that have an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE activity.

A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.

A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

A 180-kDa VEGF receptor found primarily in endothelial cells that is essential for vasculogenesis and vascular maintenance. It is also known as Flt-1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1). A soluble, alternatively spliced isoform of the receptor may serve as a binding protein that regulates the availability of various ligands for VEGF receptor binding and signal transduction.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The passage of cells across the layer of ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, i.e., the ENDOTHELIUM; or across the layer of EPITHELIAL CELLS, i.e. the EPITHELIUM.

An integrin that binds to a variety of plasma and extracellular matrix proteins containing the conserved RGD amino acid sequence and modulates cell adhesion. Integrin alphavbeta3 is highly expressed in OSTEOCLASTS where it may play role in BONE RESORPTION. It is also abundant in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and in some tumor cells, where it is involved in angiogenesis and cell migration. Although often referred to as the vitronectin receptor there is more than one receptor for vitronectin (RECEPTORS, VITRONECTIN).

Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.

Endocytic/exocytic CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid-anchored membrane proteins that function in ENDOCYTOSIS (potocytosis), transcytosis, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Caveolae assume various shapes from open pits to closed vesicles. Caveolar coats are composed of CAVEOLINS.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The protein components of enzyme complexes (HOLOENZYMES). An apoenzyme is the holoenzyme minus any cofactors (ENZYME COFACTORS) or prosthetic groups required for the enzymatic function.

Excision of the apical portion of a tooth through an opening made in the overlying labial, buccal, or palatal alveolar bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

An extra-embryonic membranous sac derived from the YOLK SAC of REPTILES; BIRDS; and MAMMALS. It lies between two other extra-embryonic membranes, the AMNION and the CHORION. The allantois serves to store urinary wastes and mediate exchange of gas and nutrients for the developing embryo.

A functional relationship between psychological phenomena of such nature that the presence of one tends to evoke the other; also, the process by which such a relationship is established.

Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.

A highly vascularized extra-embryonic membrane, formed by the fusion of the CHORION and the ALLANTOIS. It is mostly found in BIRDS and REPTILES. It serves as a model for studying tumor or cell biology, such as angiogenesis and TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION.

A class of oxidized LDL receptors that contain LECTIN-like extracellular domains.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A TIE receptor found predominantly on ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. It is considered essential for vascular development and can form a heterodimer with the TIE-2 RECEPTOR. The TIE-1 receptor may play a role in regulating BLOOD VESSEL stability and maturation.

Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.

Receptors such as INTEGRIN ALPHAVBETA3 that bind VITRONECTIN with high affinity and play a role in cell migration. They also bind FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; osteopontin; and THROMBOSPONDINS.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Occasions to commemorate an event or occasions designated for a specific purpose.

A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.

A thrombin receptor subtype that couples to HETEROTRIMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS resulting in the activation of a variety of signaling mechanisms including decreased intracellular CYCLIC AMP, increased TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES and increased PHOSPHOLIPASE A2.

Angiostatic proteins that are formed from proteolytic cleavage of COLLAGEN TYPE XVIII.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A claudin subtype that is found localized to TIGHT JUNCTIONS in VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. The protein was initially identified as one of several proteins which are deleted in VELOCARDIOFACIAL SYNDROME and may play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER.

A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).

The deformation and flow behavior of BLOOD and its elements i.e., PLASMA; ERYTHROCYTES; WHITE BLOOD CELLS; and BLOOD PLATELETS.

The movement of cells or organisms toward or away from a substance in response to its concentration gradient.

The internal resistance of a material to moving some parts of it parallel to a fixed plane, in contrast to stretching (TENSILE STRENGTH) or compression (COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH). Ionic crystals are brittle because, when subjected to shear, ions of the same charge are brought next to each other, which causes repulsion.

Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS that lack one of its fatty acyl chains due to its hydrolytic removal.

An extracellular matrix glycoprotein from platelets and a variety of normal and transformed cells of both mesenchymal and epithelial origin. Thrombospondin-1 is believed to play a role in cell migration and proliferation, during embryogenesis and wound repair. Also, it has been studied for its use as a potential regulator of tumor growth and metastasis.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

Cellular signaling in which a factor secreted by a cell affects other cells in the local environment. This term is often used to denote the action of INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS on surrounding cells.

Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.

A family of related, adhesive glycoproteins which are synthesized, secreted, and incorporated into the extracellular matrix of a variety of cells, including alpha granules of platelets following thrombin activation and endothelial cells. They interact with a number of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS and anticoagulant factors. Five distinct forms have been identified, thrombospondin 1, -2, -3, -4, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). They are involved in cell adhesion, platelet aggregation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE growth, and tissue repair.

Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins that regulate the proliferation of new blood vessels under normal physiological conditions (ANGIOGENESIS, PHYSIOLOGICAL). Aberrant expression of angiogenic proteins during disease states such as tumorigenesis can also result in PATHOLOGICAL ANGIOGENESIS.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

A family of proteinase-activated receptors that are specific for THROMBIN. They are found primarily on PLATELETS and on ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. Activation of thrombin receptors occurs through the proteolytic action of THROMBIN, which cleaves the N-terminal peptide from the receptor to reveal a new N-terminal peptide that is a cryptic ligand for the receptor. The receptors signal through HETEROTRIMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. Small synthetic peptides that contain the unmasked N-terminal peptide sequence can also activate the receptor in the absence of proteolytic activity.

A member of the serpin family of proteins. It inhibits both the tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Iron (II,III) oxide (Fe3O4). It is a black ore of IRON that forms opaque crystals and exerts strong magnetism.

The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.

The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.

Transgenic mice with overexpression of human scavenger receptor A on endothelial cells. (1/13004)

OBJECTIVES: To establish a new transgenic mouse model for determining the function and role of human scavenger receptor A (SR-A) in atherosclerosis in vivo. METHODS: Human scavenger receptor minigene-driven mouse tie-1 promoter was constructed and confirmed by endonuclease digestion and sequence analysis. Transgenic mice were generated via the microinjection method. PCR and Southern blot were used to screen the positive transgenic mice. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis were used to detect the level and location of human SR-AI expression in transgenic mice. The activity of human SR-AI was determined by morphologic observation of aortic endothelial cells of transgenic mice under transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The electrophoresis assay showed the expected 4 fragments of 0.9 kb, 1.1 kb, 1.2 kb and 4.2 kb in the Sma I digest and 2 fragments of 0.8 kb and 6.7 kb in Bgl II digest of plasmids pTie-1/hSR-A. The fragment sequence of tie-1 promoter and human SR-A cDNA in plasmids pTie-1/hSR-A was correct and no ATG before the translation initiation sites of human SR-A was found by sequence analysis. 561 injected and surviving embryos with the purified human SR-A minigene were implanted into the oviducts of 19 ICR pseudopregnant mice. Among the 54 surviving pups from 13 foster mothers, 7 were identified by PCR and Southern blot analysis. The results of RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis showed human SR-A was specifically expressed on vascular endothelial cells of the aorta and renal artery, as well as hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in transgenic mice. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) of aorta of transgenic mice showed that a large number of vesicles, multivesicle bodies and swollen mitochondria filled the plasma of endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: A transgenic mouse model with overexpression of human SR-A in endothelial cells was successfully established. The transgene was integrated and transmitted into the chromosome of transgenic mice. Tie-1 promoter controlled the transgene to express in endothelial cells in mice. Pinocytic activity of aortic endothelial cells in transgenic mice was higher than that of C57BL/6J mice. Our studies will provide a new transgenic model for investigation of atherosclerosis and functions of human SR-A. (+info)

Effects of tetrandrine on cardiovascular electrophysiologic properties. (2/13004)

Tetrandrine (Tet) is one of the best characterized Ca2+ channel blocker of plant origin. It can affect cardiovascular electrophysiologic properties in following field: inhibit the contractility, +/-dt/dpmax, and automaticity of myocardium, prolong the FRP, and exert concentration-dependent negative inotropic and chronotropic effects without altering cardiac excitability. Tet directly blocks both T-type and L-type calcium current in ventricular cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, but it does not shift the I-V relationship curve of ICa. All its effects would be beneficial in the treatment of angina, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular disorders. Tet also directly inhibits the activity of BKCa channel in endothelial cell line and also inhibits Ca2+-release-activated channels in vessel endothelial cells, which might significantly contribute to the change of endothelial cell activity. (+info)

Effect of Korea red ginseng on cerebral blood flow and superoxide production. (3/13004)

AIM: To investigate the effects of Korea red ginseng (KRG) on the cerebral perfusion rate in the rats and the generation of superoxide anion in the endothelial cells. METHODS: The cerebral perfusion rate was measured using laser-doppler flowmetry before and after the administration of crude saponin (CS) and saponin-free fraction (SFF) of KRG in the anesthetized rats. The superoxide generation was measured by the method based on lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence in the cultured endothelial cells. RESULTS: The relative cerebral perfusion rate (rCBF) was significantly increased by the intraperitoneal injection of CS (100 mg/kg) in the rats, but SFF had no effect on the rCBF. Chronic treatment with CS for 7 d significantly inhibited the decrease of forebrain cerebral blood flow induced by clamping both carotid arteries in the rats. Furthermore, CS (0.1 g/L) significantly suppressed NADPH-induced superoxide generation in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that crude saponin fraction of KRG enhanced cerebral blood flow in rats. Furthermore, crude saponin fraction of KRG abrogated the NADPH-driven superoxide generation in endothelial cells. (+info)

Enhancement of fibrinolytic activity of bovine aortic endothelial cells by ginsenoside Rb2. (4/13004)

AIM: The effect of ginsenoside Rb2 purified from Panax ginseng on fibrinolytic activity of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) was investigated. METHODS: Cellular plasminogen activator (PA) level of the lysates was measured by the chromogenic substrate S-2403. Fibrin underlay technique was carried out to observe fibrinolysis by growing endothelial cells in the culture medium. Cell viability was then determined by measurement of the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase. The ability of Rb2 of potentiating cellular PA activity was investigated by measuring the amounts of PA and PA inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the culture medium using zymography and reverse zymography. Changes in the expression of urokinase-type PA (uPA), uPA receptor, and PAI-1 mRNA in BAEC after treatment with Rb2 were analyzed by Northern blot. RESULTS: Rb2 enhanced cellular PA activity in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. Treatment of BAEC with Rb2 10 mg/L for 9 h resulted in a 3.5-fold increase of PA activity without a marked cytotoxic effect, as shown by LDH levels in culture. Increased PA levels caused the increase in surface plasmin levels as observed by fibrin underlay technique. Rb2 greatly or moderately increased the amount of urokinase-type PA (uPA) or its inhibitor (PAI-1), present in the culture medium, whereas saponin did not influence mRNA levels of uPA, its surface receptor, and PAI-1, suggesting that Rb2 may stimulate the secretion of uPA without enhancing its gene expression. The enhancement of PA levels by retinoic acid alone, a stimulator of PA synthesis, was potentiated by the simultaneous addition of ginsenoside Rb2 1 mg/L. Therefore, Rb2 might exert a strong synergism in the synthesis of cellular PA in BAEC. CONCLUSION: Ginsenoside Rb2 enhanced the PA activity levels in BAEC as well as the surface plasmin activity of BAEC. Rb2 may stimulate the secretion of uPA without enhancing the gene expression of uPA, uPA receptor (uPAR), and PAI-1. (+info)

Effect of matrine on cold ischemia and reperfusion injury of sinusoidal endothelial cells in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. (5/13004)

AIM: To study the mechanism and prevention of matrine (Mat) on cold ischemia/reperfusion injury of sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) in rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS: One hundred and twenty-six syngeneic SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=18): untreated group, 40 mg/kg treated group, 80 mg/kg treated group, and pseudo-treated group. After 5 h of preservation in Ringer's (LR) solution, orthotopic implantation of the donor liver was performed. At 1, 2, and 4 h after reperfusion of the portal vein, 6 rats were killed in each group to collect the serum and the median lobe of liver for assay. RESULTS: The level of hylluronic acid (HA) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) decreased significantly in both treated groups at different times post-transplantation, and their pathological changes of SEC were ameliorated, too. CONCLUSION: Matrine can prevent SEC from ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. (+info)

Endothelial cell proliferation in male reproductive organs of adult rat is high and regulated by testicular factors. (6/13004)

Endothelial cells in the intact adult are, apart from those in the female reproductive organs, believed to be quiescent. Systematic examination of endothelial cell proliferation in male reproductive organs has not been performed and was therefore the aim of the present study. Intact adult rats were either pulse labeled or long-term labeled with bromodeoxyuridine to label proliferating cells. The roles of Leydig cells and testosterone were examined after castration or treatment with the Leydig cell toxin ethane dimethane sulfonate (EDS) and testosterone substitution. After perfusion fixation, all blood vessels remained open and were easily identified. In all male reproductive organs studied, particularly in the testis and epididymis, endothelial cell proliferation was considerably higher than in other tissues such as the liver, brain, and muscle. Proliferating endothelial cells were observed in all types of blood vessels in male reproductive organs, but other characteristics of new blood vessel formation were not seen. High endothelial cell proliferation may reflect a continuous high turnover of endothelial cells rather than classical angiogenesis. In the epididymis, the ventral and dorsolateral prostate lobes, and the seminal vesicles, endothelial cell proliferation decreased after testosterone withdrawal and increased following testosterone treatment. In the testis, endothelial cell proliferation was decreased after Leydig cell depletion but remained low after testosterone substitution. High, hormonally regulated endothelial cell proliferation is not unique to the female but is also seen in the male reproductive organs. (+info)

Chemokine receptor expression in human endometrium. (7/13004)

Chemokines play a role in endometrial physiology and pathology and may affect endometrial receptivity and menstrual shedding. Chemokines exert their effect by binding to their relevant receptors, the expression levels of which may modulate their action. In the present study, we examined the expression of chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 (receptors for interleukin-8) and CCR5 (receptor for RANTES [regulated-on-activation, normal-T-cell-expressed and -secreted], macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1alpha, and MIP-1beta) in human endometrium. Human endometria (n = 35) were grouped according to the menstrual cycle phase and examined by immunohistochemistry for CXCR1, CXCR2, and CCR5. In both epithelial and stromal cells, CXCR1 and CXCR2 immunoreactivity was detected. Staining was most prominent at the apical and basal aspects of epithelial cells. Intense CCR5 immunostaining was observed in epithelial and stromal compartments throughout the menstrual cycle. Epithelial and stromal staining for CXCR1 reached a peak at the midsecretory phase, during which it was significantly higher than the level of staining during the proliferative phase (P < 0.05). Immunostaining for CXCR2 and CCR5 showed no significant variation across the menstrual cycle. Expression of interleukin-8 and RANTES in endometrium, together with the presence of their receptors, suggests that autocrine and paracrine interactions involving these chemokines may participate in endometrial physiology. (+info)

Differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood CD 34+ cells in vitro. (8/13004)

AIM: To study the time course of the expression of stem cell marker and endothelial cell markers on human cord blood CD34+ cells during in vitro differentiation process of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). METHODS: CD34+ cells were selected and enriched from human cord blood by magnetically activated cell sorting (MACS), and cultured in dishes coated with or without fibronectin (Fn). Endothelial cells were identified by staining the cells with anti Flk-1 and vWF antibodies. The percentage of AC133+ cells in adherent CD34+ cell population was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS: The expression of Flk-1 and vWF on adherent CD34+ cells increased during the culture time, with 27.0 % positive for Flk-1 and negative for vWF at d 3, and 100 % positive for both Flk-1 and vWF at d 7. When cells were cultured in Fn-treated dishes, the percentages of Flk-1 and vWF positive cells increased to 34 % and 47 %, respectively at d 3, and 100 % at d 7. In contrast, the percentages of AC133+ cells among the adherent cell population decreased rapidly, and similar changes occurred in cells cultured in the presence of Fn. CONCLUSION: The gradual appearance of endothelial cell markers and the disappearance of stem cell marker characterized the in vitro differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells. Fibronectin accelerated the differentiation process of EPC. (+info)

a.^ B: B cell. E: erythrocyte. Endo: endothelial cell. D: dendritic cell. FDC: follicular dendritic cell. Mac: macrophage. MC: ... whereas CR2 is expressed only on B cells as a co-receptor. Red blood cells (RBCs) also express CR1, which enables RBCs to carry ... White blood cells, particularly monocytes and macrophages, express complement receptors on their surface. All four complement ... mast cell. M0: monocyte. Pha: phagocyte. PMN: polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Deficits in complement receptor expression can cause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_receptor

Chemokine gradients stimulate the adhered leukocytes to move between adjacent endothelial cells. The endothelial cells retract ... "Cell-to-Cell Transmission of HIV-1 Is Required to Trigger Pyroptotic Death of Lymphoid-Tissue-Derived CD4 T Cells". Cell ... dendritic cells, histiocytes, Kupffer cells and mast cells. These cells possess surface receptors known as pattern recognition ... Cytokines released from injured cells induce the expression of E-selectin on endothelial cells, which functions similarly to P- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation

Endothelial Cell Tube Formation Assay". Neurotrophic Factors. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1727. pp. 239-250. doi:10.1007 ... Vaudry, D.; Stork, PJ; Lazarovici, P; Eiden, LE (31 May 2002). "Signaling Pathways for PC12 Cell Differentiation: Making the ... in PC12 Cells". Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 54 (3): 574-585. doi:10.1007/s12031-014-0388-2. PMID 25078264. S2CID 1620005 ... in PC12 Cells". Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 54 (3): 574-585. doi:10.1007/s12031-014-0388-2. PMID 25078264. S2CID 1620005 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Lazarovici

Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial (BPAE) cells 3D dual-color super-resolution microscopy with Her2 and Her3 in breast cells, ... Endothelial cells under the microscope. Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI, microtubules are marked green by an antibody bound ... Thus by decoupling the cells under investigation from the cells used to train the network, imaging can performed quicker and ... A major example of this class of fluorescent stain is phalloidin, which is used to stain actin fibers in mammalian cells. A new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_microscope

In endothelial cells it has also been shown that lactate stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production ... This frees these cells from requiring large quantities of glucose allowing the hypoxic cells to take up the majority of the ... Tumor cells have also shown the remarkable ability to adapt to regional variation of oxygen availability. Cancer cells ... High levels of glycolysis and the production of lactate, as shown in hypoxic tumor cells, is hallmark of cancer cells even in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_hypoxia

Philippeos, Christina (2014). Insulin signalling in endothelial cells. ethos.bl.uk (PhD thesis). King's College London. OCLC ... Ridley, Anne J (2015). "Rho GTPase signalling in cell migration". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 36: 103-112. doi:10.1016/j. ... "Transforming growth factors-beta 1 and beta 2 are mitogens for rat Schwann cells". Journal of Cell Biology. 109 (6 Pt 2): 3419- ... "Ras-mediated cell cycle arrest is altered by nuclear oncogenes to induce Schwann cell transformation". The EMBO Journal. 7 (6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Ridley

Endothelial Cells. Vol. I. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-849-34988-1. Ryan, Una S. (1988). Endothelial Cells. Vol ... Pulmonary Endothelial Cells in Culture". Environmental Health Perspectives. 35: 171-180. doi:10.1289/ehp.8035171. PMC 1568453. ... Jacobson, Bruce S; Ryan, Una (1982). "Growth of endothelial and HeLa cells on a new multipurpose microcarrier that is positive ... ISBN 978-0-8493-4991-1. Ryan, Una S. (1988). Endothelial Cells. Vol. III. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-849-34992- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Una_Ryan

However, it shares a common mechanism, which is endothelial cell injury, with other conditions, such as acute kidney injury and ... As a result of endothelial cell injury, a cascade of pathological reactions manifests and become increasingly severe and even ... Roberts JM, Taylor RN, Musci TJ, Rodgers GM, Hubel CA, McLaughlin MK (November 1989). "Preeclampsia: an endothelial cell ... such as inflammatory cytokines and syncytiotrophoblast particles interact with the maternal immune system and endothelial cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HELLP_syndrome

A vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO) is an organelle that contributes to endothelial cell permeability. VVOs are found in the ... VVOs actively transport fluid and macromolecules from the cytoplasm of endothelial cells into the blood vessel lumen, ... Dvorak, AM; Feng, D (April 2001). "The vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO). A new endothelial cell permeability organelle". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesiculo-vacuolar_organelle

"Regulation of Notch1 and Dll4 by vascular endothelial growth factor in arterial endothelial cells: implications for modulating ... Shawber CJ, Das I, Francisco E, Kitajewski J (May 2003). "Notch signaling in primary endothelial cells". Annals of the New York ... is sufficient to induce T-cell differentiation program and to increase the T cell potential of primary human CD34+ cells". ... "Up-regulation of delta-like 4 ligand in human tumor vasculature and the role of basal expression in endothelial cell function ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DLL4

It is synthesized in endothelial cells and is produced mostly by the liver. It is also a precursor protein for bradykinin. Low- ... TK is believed to be a biological indicator of senescence in rats, which can be measured by the level of endothelial cell ... "T-kininogen induces endothelial cell proliferation". Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 127 (3): 282-289. doi:10.1016/j.mad. ... Colman, Robert W. (2001-01-06). "Role of the Light Chain of High Molecular Weight Kininogen in Adhesion, Cell-Associated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kininogen

Journal of Endothelial Cell Research. 15 (1): 1-8. doi:10.1080/10623320802092377. PMID 18568940. "Napoleone Ferrara, MD". www. ... Stem cells as vectors for Gene Therapy: in 1992 doctor Claudio Bordignon, working at the Vita-Salute San Raffaele University in ... Strimvelis: the first ex-vivo stem cell gene therapy to treat patients with a very rare disease called ADA-SCID. The treatment ... It helped the study of the nerve cells. Blood circulation: since Galen times it was believed that the internal human body ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries

McIntyre TM, Prescott SM, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA (2003). "Cell-cell interactions: leukocyte-endothelial interactions". ... Lpp induces adhesion of neutrophils to human endothelial cells by activating the latter. Seltmann, Guntram; Holst, Otto (2002 ... maintains the stability of the cell envelope by attaching the outer membrane to the cell wall. Lpp has been proposed as a ... Silhavy TJ, Kahne D, Walker S (2010). "The bacterial cell envelope". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2 (5): a000414 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braun's_lipoprotein

Somanath PR, Razorenova OV, Chen J, Byzova TV (March 2006). "Akt1 in endothelial cell and angiogenesis". Cell Cycle. 5 (5): 512 ... The activation of Akt is also one of the most frequent alterations observed in human cancer and tumor cells. Tumor cells that ... Cell. 127 (1): 125-37. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.033. PMID 16962653. S2CID 230319. Mahajan K, Coppola D, Challa S, Fang B, ... cell proliferation, transcription, and cell migration. There are three different genes that encode isoforms of Protein kinase B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_B

The Journal of cell biology 112 (3), 479-490 (323 citations) 1995. E Dejana, M Corada, MG Lampugnani. Endothelial cell‐to‐cell ... Endothelial cell-cell junctions: happy together. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology 5 (4), 261-270 (1284 citations) 2008. E ... Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin: only an intercellular glue? Experimental cell research 252 (1), 13-19 (320 citations) 2004 ... Heterogeneity of endothelial cells: specific markers. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 17 (7), 1193-1202 (599 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabetta_Dejana

Marr HS, Basalamah MA, Edgell CJ (1998). "Endothelial cell expression of testican mRNA". Endothelium. 5 (3): 209-19. doi: ... Association with the postsynaptic area of hippocampus pyramidal cells". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (8): 4373-80. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.8. ... 2001). "Distribution of testican expression in human brain". Cell Tissue Res. 302 (2): 139-44. doi:10.1007/s004410000277. PMID ... a multidomain testicular proteoglycan resembling modulators of cell social behaviour". Eur. J. Biochem. 214 (1): 347-50. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPOCK1

Radiation however, damages the endothelial cells. The management of radiation retinopathy is similar to that for diabetic ... Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors have been recently used for the treatment of radiation retinopathy. Monitoring of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_retinopathy

... and Endothelial cell growth factor-2. Gene sequencing revealed that this group is the same FGF2 protein and is a member of a ... It is necessary in mouse-feeder cell dependent culture systems, as well as in feeder and serum-free culture systems. FGF2, in ... Additionally, FGF2 is a critical component of human embryonic stem cell culture medium; the growth factor is necessary for the ... Generally, the 155 aa/18 kDa low molecular weight (LMW) form is considered cytoplasmic and can be secreted from the cell, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_fibroblast_growth_factor

Whereas endothelial cell sampling through endovascular sampling with coils, stents, stent retrievers, or guidewires suffer from ... "Endovascular Device for Endothelial Cell Sampling". Advanced NanoBiomed Research. 2 (10): 2200023. doi:10.1002/anbr.202200023. ... a micro-3D-printed device adapted for endovascular techniques can harvest endothelial cells for transcriptomic analysis. There ... drug coated balloons that contains paclitaxel on the surface to prevent smooth muscle cells proliferation of the vessel walls, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catheter

... alpha v beta 5 and their ligands in the tumor cell and endothelial cell adhesion". Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 16 (6): 517-27. doi: ... It also influences endothelial cell behavior. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000164176 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl ... Zou X, Qiao H, Jiang X, Dong X, Jiang H, Sun X (2009). "Downregulation of developmentally regulated endothelial cell locus-1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDIL3

It was evident that a viscous, clear, physiologic lubricant to prevent such scraping of the endothelial cells was needed. The ... directed migration and control of related cell mechanisms are mediated via the specific cell interaction between HA and cell ... One in vivo study, where HA hydrogels with endothelial colony forming cells were implanted into mice three days after hydrogel ... In the late 1970s, intraocular lens implantation was often followed by severe corneal edema, due to endothelial cell damage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaluronic_acid

ISBN 978-0-19-505612-9. Swerlick RA, Lawley TJ (January 1993). "Role of microvascular endothelial cells in inflammation". J. ... pale cell acanthoma) Clear cell squamous cell carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma of the skin) Chronic scar keratosis (chronic ... Solitary trichoepithelioma Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (spindle cell carcinoma) Spiradenoma Squamous cell carcinoma ... The epidermis contains four cell types: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. Of these, keratinocytes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

Tumor cells can induce, through exposition of amyloid precursor protein (APP), DR6-mediated endothelial cell necroptosis ... It is mostly expressed in the thymus, spleen and white blood cells. The Gene for DR6 is 78,450 bases long and is found on the ... Liu J, Na S, Glasebrook A, Fox N, Solenberg PJ, Zhang Q, Song HY, Yang DD (July 2001). "Enhanced CD4+ T cell proliferation and ... Knockout studies in mice suggested that this gene plays a role in T helper cell activation, and may be involved in inflammation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_receptor_6

The sporozoites invade macrophages or endothelial cells. After development there, they invade circulating blood cells. The ... They have a distinct feature called the apical complex which helps in the penetration of the parasite into the host cell. ... Apicomplexans are obligate intracellular parasites that typically invade blood cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lankesterella_(Apicomplexa)

HeLa cells translocate Ang to the nucleus independent of cell density. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), ... Angiogenin interacts with endothelial and smooth muscle cells resulting in cell migration, invasion, proliferation and ... Ang binds to actin of both smooth muscle and endothelial cells to form complexes that activate proteolytic cascades which ... Bicknell R, Vallee BL (1988). "Angiogenin activates endothelial cell phospholipase C". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (16): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiogenin

"Human alpha-enolase from endothelial cells as a target antigen of anti-endothelial cell antibody in Behçet's disease". ... and activated immune cells, leading to systemic infection or tissue invasion; an oxidative stress protein in endothelial cells ... targeting surface ENO1 enables selective targeting of tumor cells while leaving the ENO1 inside normal cells functional. ... Zhu X, Miao X, Wu Y, Li C, Guo Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Lu X, Wang Y, He S (July 2015). "ENO1 promotes tumor proliferation and cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-enolase

Many orbiviruses preferentially infect vascular endothelial cells. Orbiviruses enter the host cell by endocytosis and the outer ... The membrane glycoproteins NS3 and NS3a are expressed in large numbers in insect cells, but not in mammalian cells. They are ... NS1 is the most abundant protein in bluetongue virus infected cells. It forms tubules that may be involved in translocation of ... The whole cycle of viral replication takes place within the cytoplasm of the host cell. Transcription of the viral genome into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbivirus

Its functional implication in endothelial cell proliferation". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8388-94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108792200. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUFM

Endothelial cell migration is inhibited by PEDF. PEDF suppresses retinal neovascularization and endothelial cell proliferation ... PEDF is also responsible for apoptosis of endothelial cells either through the p38 MAPK pathway or through the FAS/FASL pathway ... Chen L, Zhang SS, Barnstable CJ, Tombran-Tink J (Oct 2006). "PEDF induces apoptosis in human endothelial cells by activating ... Upon noticing RPE produced a factor that promoted the differentiation of primitive retinal cells into cells of a neuronal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEDF

Few entrapped seminiferous tubules are also noted (arrow). Characteristic budding, hobnail-like endothelial cells visible. ... Weiss in 1996 as "spindle cell hemangioma", rather than hemangioendothelioma, due to the excellent prognosis observed in a ... These tumors are so named because their histologic appearance resembles a proliferation of epithelioid cells, with polygonal ... Perkins P, Weiss SW (October 1996). "Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. An analysis of 78 cases with reassessment of its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemangioendothelioma

... status has also been implicated in the maintenance of normal endothelial cell function of cells lining the inner ... These convey α-tocopherol to cells in the rest of the body. As an example of a result of the preferential treatment, the US ... Alpha-tocopherol is a lipid-soluble antioxidant functioning within the glutathione peroxidase pathway,[15] and protecting cell ... Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant which may help protect cell membranes from reactive oxygen species.[2][4] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervitaminosis_E

Thus, protective cells termed astrocytes surround the capillaries in the brain and absorb nutrients from the blood and ... "Apparent Hydroxyl Radical Production by Peroxynitrite: Implications for Endothelial Injury from Nitric Oxide and Superoxide" ... Neurotoxins inhibit neuron control over ion concentrations across the cell membrane,[6] or communication between neurons across ... Toxic effects from anatoxin-a progress very rapidly because it acts directly on the nerve cells (neurons). The progressive ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin

It does this by causing endothelial and smooth-muscle cell dysfunction in peripheral arteries.[39][40][41] The risk of ... Emmerich J (2005). "Current state and perspective on medical treatment of critical leg ischemia: gene and cell therapy". The ... "Local intramuscular transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells for critical lower limb ischaemia". The ... the benefit of autotransplantation of autologous mononuclear cells is unclear.[74] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_arterial_disease

"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 1841 (3): 401-8. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.020. ... "Endothelial 12(S)-HETE vasorelaxation is mediated by thromboxane receptor inhibition in mouse mesenteric arteries". AJP: Heart ... "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 1841 (3): 401-8. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.020. ... Pace-Asciak, C. R. (2015). "Pathophysiology of the hepoxilins". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepoxilin_A3

"Endothelial cell "memory" of inflammatory stimulation: human venular endothelial cells store interleukin 8 in Weibel-Palade ... "Rapid secretion of prestored interleukin 8 from Weibel-Palade bodies of microvascular endothelial cells". J. Exp. Med. 188 (9 ... expression of T-cell growth-factor activity after transfection of monkey cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Leng SX, Elias JA (1997). "Interleukin-11". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 29 (8-9): 1059-62. doi: ...

https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Steve Horvath. DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types (англ.) // BioMed Central (англ.) (рус.. - ... High expression of p16INK4a and low expression of Bmi1 are associated with endothelial cellular senescence in the human cornea ... Manuel Collado, Maria A. Blasco, Manuel Serrano. Cellular Senescence in Cancer and Aging (англ.) // Cell. - Cell Press. - Vol. ... Aging Cell, e13325. PMID 33730416 doi:10.1111/acel.13325 *↑ 1 2 3 4 Johnson, A. A., Shokhirev, M. N., & Lehallier, B. (2021). ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Эпигенетические_часы

cocultures primary rat hepatocytes and endothelial cells.[62] A single-channel is made first. Hepatocytes and endothelial cells ... These include the descending limb cells, thin ascending limb cells, thick ascending limb cells, cortical collecting duct cells ... and endothelial cells (ECs) that line the vessel's outer and luminal walls, respectively. Endothelial cells are responsible for ... Later, a dual-channel is made, and endothelial cells and hepatocytes cells have their own channels to supply the substrate or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip

"Rho protein inactivation induced apoptosis of cultured human endothelial cells". Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 283 (4 ... Regulators of programmed cell death. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 406. str. 99-112. doi: ... Cell. 74 (4): 597-608. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90508-n. hdl:2027.42/30629. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 8358789. S2CID 13542617.. ... maj 1996). "X-ray and NMR structure of human Bcl-xL, an inhibitor of programmed cell death". Nature. 381 (6580): 335-41. ...

https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porodica_Bcl-2

... unbalanced cell proliferation and impaired cell division occur as a result of arrested nuclear maturation so the cells show ... to peripheral blood but they are destroyed by the reticulo-endothelial system (extramedullary hemolysis). ... Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body ... the cell cycle cannot progress from the G2 growth stage to the mitosis (M) stage. This leads to continuing cell growth without ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemia

2009). "Endothelial dysfunction in aged humans is related with oxidative stress and vascular inflammation". Aging Cell. 8 (3): ... "Cell. 157 (4): 897-909. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.055. PMC 4454526. PMID 24813612.. ... suggest Nox4 activity increases oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via superoxide overproduction.[35] ... "The NADPH oxidase Nox4 restricts the replicative lifespan of human endothelial cells". The Biochemical Journal. 423 (3): 363-74 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-radical_theory_of_aging

Lifton, RP; Gharavi, AG; Geller, DS (2001-02-23). "Molecular mechanisms of human hypertension". Cell. 104 (4): 545-56. doi: ... "Endothelium-dependent contractions and endothelial dysfunction in human hypertension". Br. J. Pharmacol. 157 (4): 527-36. doi ...

https://sl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertenzija

Endothelial cells lining the microvasculature in the body are proposed to express PTGS2, and, by selectively inhibiting PTGS2, ... Pugliese A, Beltramo T, Torre D (October 2008). "Reye's and Reye's-like syndromes". Cell Biochemistry and Function. 26 (7): 741 ... Acetylsalicylic acid is quickly absorbed through the cell membrane in the acidic conditions of the stomach. The increased pH ... "Aspirin inhibits camptothecin-induced p21CIP1 levels and potentiates apoptosis in human breast cancer cells". International ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin

GAS6 is secreted by leucocytes and endothelial cells in response to injury and helps in cell survival, proliferation, migration ... Shearer MJ, Newman P (October 2008). "Metabolism and cell biology of vitamin K". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 100 (4): 530-47. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/?curid=38233257

Sensorineural hearing loss in humans may be caused by a loss of hair cells (sensory receptors in the inner ear that are ... X-linked endothelial corneal dystrophy. Neuromuscular. *Becker muscular dystrophy/Duchenne. *Centronuclear myopathy (MTM1) ... "Mammalian auditory hair cell regeneration/repair and protection: A review and future directions". Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasodigitoacoustic_syndrome

They originate in a particular kind of glial cells, star-shaped brain cells in the cerebrum called astrocytes. This type of ... The WHO grading scheme is based on the appearance of certain characteristics: atypia, mitosis, endothelial proliferation, and ... People with oligodendrogliomas (which might share common cells of origin[7]) have better prognoses than those with mixed ... The neuropathologist grades the tumor by looking for atypical cells, the growth of new blood vessels, and for indicators of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocytoma

The cause is unknown but it is theorized that antibodies are produced against endothelial cells in tiny arteries which leads to ... The latest thinking is that an antibody directed against endothelial cells is the pathogenic mechanism in this disease which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susac's_syndrome

... the forced overexpression of the CMTM5 gene inhibited the proliferation and migration of cultured human endothelial cells, ... The forced over expression of CMTM5-v1 in Huh7 human hepatic cells also inhibited the ability of these cells to grow in a mouse ... Cai B, Xiao Y, Li Y, Zheng S (August 2017). "CMTM5 inhibits renal cancer cell growth through inducing cell-cycle arrest and ... the forced overexpression of CMTM5-v1 in cultured DU145 cells (a human prostate cancer cell line) reduces, while the forced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKLF-like_MARVEL_transmembrane_domain-containing_5

1156 patients with a mean of 87 CD4 cell counts and mean viral load of 100,000 copies/ml were randomized to one of the two ... Impairs endothelial function in healthy HIV-negative men and may accelerate atherosclerotic disease. Indinavir is a white ... Viral resistance to the drug leads to the drug becoming useless since the virus evolves to have cells that are able to resist ... There were higher CD4 cell counts and less viral load in patients assigned to the three-drug group, proving that a three-drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

... have vascular endothelium cells deficient in β-catenin showed disrupted adhesion between vascular endothelial cells. Mice ... F9 embryonal carcinoma cells are similar to the P19 cells shown in Figure 1 and normally have cell-to-cell adhesion mediated by ... A tumor cell line with defective δ-catenin, low levels of E-cadherin and poor cell-to-cell adhesion could be restored to normal ... providing the cell with a means of stable cell adhesion. However, decreases in this adhesion ability of the cell has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

... are usually seen in relatively low numbers and are associated with conditions in which the normally smooth endothelial lining, ... 1. Red blood cell fragmentation A fragmented red blood cell is known as a schistocyte and is generally the result of an ... In cell biology, ways in which fragmentation is useful for a cell: DNA cloning and apoptosis. DNA cloning is important in ... This can lead to problems for a cell, or it may lead to a cell receiving a signal to undergo apoptosis. Below are a couple of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(cell_biology)

They also suppress the proliferation of endothelial cells. Such suppression causes a decrease in tumor angiogenesis, a decrease ... A virus-infected cell releases viral particles that can infect nearby cells. However, the infected cell can protect neighboring ... and its expression is restricted to immune cells such as T cells and NK cells. All interferons share several common effects: ... Type II interferons are also released by cytotoxic T cells and type-1 T helper cells. However, they block the proliferation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

Bacterial replication in host cells causes endothelial cell proliferation and inflammation, resulting in mononuclear cell ... Rickettsia rickettsii initially infect blood vessel endothelial cells, but eventually migrate to vital organs such as the brain ... This species of Rickettsia uses an abundant cell surface protein called OmpB to attach to a host cell membrane protein called ... This causes the host cell membrane to protrude outward and invaginate the membrane of an adjacent cell. The bacteria are then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever

The encoded protein may play a role in development of brain vascular endothelial cells, as mutations at this locus have been ... Experimental Cell Research. 293 (1): 31-42. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.10.002. PMID 14729055. Duffy SP, Shing J, Saraon P, Berger ... "Novel hexad repeats conserved in a putative transporter with restricted expression in cell types associated with growth, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLVCR2

Ruchoux MM, Guerouaou D, Vandenhaute B, Pruvo JP, Vermersch P, Leys D (1995). "Systemic vascular smooth muscle cell impairment ... Peters, N (August 2008). "Enhanced L-arginine-induced vasoreactivity suggests endothelial dysfunction in CADASIL". Journal of ... The underlying pathology of CADASIL is progressive hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. Autosomal dominant ... cause an abnormal accumulation of Notch 3 at the cytoplasmic membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells both in cerebral and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADASIL

It can attach to epithelial cells, and may protect vascular endothelial cells against peroxynitrite toxicity. The high selenium ... Genes Cells. 5 (12): 1049-60. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00392.x. PMID 11168591. S2CID 31432708. Fujii M; Saijoh K; Kobayashi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenoprotein_P

... or in endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells of blood vessels but not lymphatics (except pleural lymphatics), mast ... as a cell surface glycoprotein and functions as a cell-cell adhesion factor. It may also mediate the attachment of ... Cells expressing CD34 (CD34+ cell) are normally found in the umbilical cord and bone marrow as haematopoietic cells, ... December 2019). "Single-cell analysis of bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells from children with sickle cell disease and thalassemia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34

It is important in maintaining basic cellular functions such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, cell division and cell ... 2012). "Candida albicans scavenges host zinc via Pra1 during endothelial invasion". PLOS Pathogens. 8 (6): e1002777. doi: ... Maret W (2013). "Chapter 14 Zinc and the Zinc Proteome". In Banci L (ed.). Metallomics and the Cell. Metal Ions in Life ... sickle cell disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease have all been associated with zinc deficiency. It can also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_deficiency

... a culture of healthy human endothelial cells. Wong-Staal used a type of cellular analysis known as radioimmunoprecipitation in ... The team of researchers performed tests on a variety of cells that carried the Tat protein and observed the rate of cell ... The results of these tests showed that the amount of Tat protein within a cell infected by HIV-1 is directly correlated to the ... Wong-Staal's research focused on gene therapy, using a ribozyme "molecular knife" to repress HIV in stem cells. The protocol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal

... duodenal and rectal epithelium as well as endothelial cells and enterocytes of the small intestine. The virus can cause acute ... The SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect a wide range of cells and systems of the body. COVID‑19 is most known for affecting the upper ... The cells of the central nervous system, the microglia, neurons, and astrocytes, are also involved in the release of pro- ... S2 mediates the membrane fusion of the virus to its potential cell host via the H1 and HR2, which are heptad repeat regions. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

NADA also promotes the inflammatory resolution of human endothelial cells activated by both endogenous (i.e. TNF) and exogenous ... "Endogenous N-acyl-dopamines induce COX-2 expression in brain endothelial cells by stabilizing mRNA through a p38 dependent ... 212-2 abate the inflammatory activation of human endothelial cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289 (19): 13079-13100 ... Finally, NADA can prevent the degranulation and release of TNF from RBL- 2H3 mast cells treated with an IgE-antigen complex. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine

There are a multitude of endothelial cell features that influence cell tropism and ultimately, contribute to endothelial cell ... While endothelial cells are not the major cell type Dengue targets, the virus binds to various cell surface receptors on ... Like other cells, the endothelial cell possesses several features that supports a productive viral infection a cell including, ... a lower cell surface receptor density may render an endothelial cell less susceptible for virus infection than an endothelial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_cell_tropism

Expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in human adipose tissue is predominantly detectable in endothelial cells and increased ... The main source for IL-33 in adipose tissue were endothelial cells, which, in humans, exclusively expressed ST2 on their ... Conclusions: Expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in human adipose tissue is predominantly detectable in endothelial cells ... IL-33 has been demonstrated to promote endothelial cell inflammatory response, but also anti-inflammatory and protective ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22828942/

The vascular endothelium is a layer of cells lining the inner surface of vessels, serving as a barrier that mediates ... Sirt1 Inhibits Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial Cells.pdf. Sirt1 Inhibits Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial ... Sirt1 Inhibits Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial Cells.pdf. Sirt1 Inhibits Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial ... induced injury in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) using a variety of approaches including a cell viability assay, ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316726908_Sirt1_Inhibits_Oxidative_Stress_in_Vascular_Endothelial_Cells

... ... Kamel, L., Morsy, A. & El Shamaa, A. (‎2009)‎. T-cell cytokine production and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic ... biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction]‎ in diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. IFNgamma and IL-10 were ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/117702?locale-attribute=fr&

It has recently been acknowledged that the true EPC is the endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC). The objective of this ... specifically on cell culture methods. We also highlighted the importance of a detailed definition of the cell type used in EPC ... Despite the use of the common term EPC, the characteristics, manufacturing methods and subset of the cell type used in these ... which encompasses a heterogeneous cell population, as a therapeutic agent. Furthermore, the preclinical data using ECFC from ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2018.00354/full

Additional Keywords : CURCUMIN, Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1, Endothelial Progenitor Cells, Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs), ... Additional Keywords : Antioxidants, Crocetin, Diabetic Complications, endothelial dysfunction, Endothelial Progenitor Cells ( ... 6 Abstracts with Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) Research. Filter by Study Type. Animal Study. ... 1 Therapeutic Actions Researched for Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) Name. AC. CK. Focus. ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/keyword/endothelial-progenitor-cells-epcs

In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with various concentrations of curcumin ( ... In addition, several cell death-related genes (p53, p21, Bax, and Bcl-2) were detected by PCR, and an apoptosis-related protein ... As a conclusion, curcumin could mitigate H,sub,2,/sub,O,sub,2,/sub,-induced oxidative stress and cell death in HUVECs and may ... Our results showed that curcumin improved the H,sub,2,/sub,O,sub,2,/sub,-induced decrease of cell viability and antioxidative ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/prm/2019/3173149/

... in cultured human endothelial cells. Lyso-PC did not upregulate the expression of certain other inducible endothelial genes, ... We conclude that lyso-PC can induce growth factor gene expression in cultured endothelial cells and thus may contribute to the ... Lysophosphatidylcholine transcriptionally induces growth factor gene expression in cultured human endothelial cells.. ... Lysophosphatidylcholine transcriptionally induces growth factor gene expression in cultured human endothelial cells.. ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/117047/pdf

... J Thromb Haemost. 2003 Nov;1( ... Results: Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), alphanu and beta3 were constitutively exposed on HUVEC, but ( ... Microparticles (MP) from endothelial cells (EC; EMP) were reported in patient groups and healthy individuals. The antibodies ... E-selectin exposed on IL-1alpha-stimulated EC is a valid marker for EMP detection ex vivo to establish endothelial cell ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14629480/

Integration of BMP/Wnt signaling to control clonal growth of limbal epithelial progenitor cells by niche cells. Stem Cell Res. ... Identification and Potential Application of Human Corneal Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2014;23:2190-201 ... FGF-2-mediated signal transduction during endothelial mesenchymal transformation in corneal endothelial cells. ExpEye Res. 2006 ... Human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) are embryologically derived from cranial neural crest progenitor cells (reviewed in [1 ...

https://medsci.org/v16p0507.htm

Endothelial cells are crucial for vascular health and inflammation regulation. Endothelial cell-cell adhesion complexes have an ... Proteins at endothelial junctions regulate permeability, cell proliferation and gene expression and are capable of sensing ... The role of ZONAB in endothelial cells, however, is unknown. Here, I demonstrate that ZONAB regulates the actin cytoskeleton ... In epithelial cells, ZONAB regulates cell proliferation and gene transcription as well as mRNA translation during stress. ...

https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.798756

... dc.contributor.author. ... T-cell cytokine production and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. EN. ... biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction]‎ in diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. IFNgamma and IL-10 were ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/117702?locale-attribute=zh&show=full

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured to study the CXCR4/SDF-1α interaction. Targeting of administered ... Exosomes increased miR-486-5p levels only in kidneys, within proximal tubules, glomeruli, and endothelial cells. Uptake of ... Targeting of exosomes may involve interaction of CXCR4 with endothelial cell SDF-1α. ... and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α. Ischemia-reperfusion was induced in mice by bilateral renal vascular clamp, with ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-34557-7?error=cookies_not_supported&code=c33b6f95-82f6-4bc2-a38c-f24d70f8adb1

Human endothelial cells isolated from various tissues. Optimized culture media for guaranteed performance. Fast personalized ... Endothelial Cell Culture. View all »Endothelial Cell Culture« products. The in vitro culture of primary human endothelial cells ... Each produced cell lot is tested for cell morphology, adherence rate, cell viability, flow cytometric analyses for cell-type ... Our microvascular endothelial cells are available from dermal, lung, cardiac and uterine tissues. All our cell types are ...

https://promocell.com/portfolio/endothelial-cell-culture/

Antibodies were injected into the vasculature to label neutrophils (red) and endothelial cells (blue). Blocking antibodies ... CIL - Cell Image Library accession number. Please use this to reference an image. ... Mark Harding (2014) CIL:47308, Staphylococcus aureus, neutrophil, endothelial cell. CIL. Dataset. https://doi.org/doi:10.7295/ ...

http://cellimagelibrary.org/images/47308

Endothelial cells (ECs) are able to orchestrate the inflammatory processes by secreting pro-inflammatory mediators and ... Figure 3. Production of intracellular ROS by endothelial cells. ROS production by endothelial cells exposed to TNF-α (A) or HIS ... Figure 3. Production of intracellular ROS by endothelial cells. ROS production by endothelial cells exposed to TNF-α (A) or HIS ... Thus, similar to T-cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, there may be a paradigm shift in the endothelial cells ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/7/1604

Endothelial Cell Growth Supplement, Bovine Neural Tissue - Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information. ... Endothelial Cell Growth Supplement, Bovine Neural Tissue. 324845 Sigma-AldrichEndothelial Cell Growth Supplement, Bovine Neural ... Growth promoting activities have been described for human endothelial cells, bovine endothelial cells, and mouse Balb/c ... Native endothelial cell growth supplement from bovine neural tissue. A cell-culture-medium supplement for the growth and ...

https://www.emdmillipore.com/CA/en/product/Endothelial-Cell-Growth-Supplement-Bovine-Neural-Tissue,EMD_BIO-324845

Lymphedema is characterized by changes in pressure, which independently influences endothelial cells (ECs). LECs were exposed ... although lymphatic flow characteristics and its effect on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) via mechanotransduction have been ... LECs were exposed to the midlymphangion flow waveform in a parallel plate flow chamber system and compared to cells cultured in ... Increased endothelial permeability in a lymphedema afflicted vessel could potentially promote lymph and antigen leakage, ...

https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/2528/

Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 5 ?M As2O3 and/or 1 mM NaF. Changes in endothelial cell ... Arsenic and fluoride induce apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ... The results showed that iAs and/or F induced significant increase in endothelial cell apoptosis and inflammation as indicated ... Type: Cell Study Categories: Immune System, Mechanisms of Cellular Toxicity, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Arsenic, Chemical Co- ...

https://fluoridealert.org/studytracker/27423/

Cell model. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs; C-12285, PromoCell) were cultured in endothelial cell growth medium ... Microvascular endothelial cell integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential of Ang II-treated endothelial cells. (A) ... As microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis is critical for endothelial integrity, and in turn for cardiac microcirculation (26 ... Mst1-deficient microvascular endothelial cells exhibit an improved integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential in HP models ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5202

... sheet-secreted paracrine factors is central to the mechanism by which these cells contribute to tissue repair. The purpose of ... The release of a wide array of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) ... The cell sheet system accelerates cell proliferation and cell ... Endothelial colony-forming cells for preparing prevascular three-dimensional cell-dense tissues using cell-sheet engineering. J ... Tissue-engineered smooth muscle cell and endothelial progenitor cell bi-level cell sheets prevent progression of cardiac ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-97639/v2

Material andMethods:After culturing choroidal endothelial cells (CECs) under normoxia or hypoxia, microRNAs, expressed in ... expressed by choroidal endothelial cells through cytological analysis. ... MicroRNA-18a Decreases Choroidal Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration by Inhibiting HIF1A Expression DOI: 10.12659/MSM. ...

https://medscimonit.com/abstract/exportArticle/idArt/893068

Wasp controls oriented migration of endothelial cells to achieve functional vascular patterning. Rosa, Andre, Max Delbrück ... Endothelial cell migration and proliferation are essential for the establishment of a hierarchical organization of blood ... In HUVECs cell trajectory data was aligned such that the y-axis followed the outer edge of the scratch-wound, while the cell- ... Here, using the zebrafish vasculature as a model system, we demonstrate that the balanced distribution of endothelial cells as ...

https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.2fqz612q6

... ... healthy individuals on migration rate of endothelial cells in vitro. Secondarily, CVD-associated ci-miRNAs in serum were ...

https://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/17373

A, Hematoxylin- eosin-stained sections showed many small blood vessels with reactive endothelial cells (black arrow) in the ... Reversible Encephalopathy after Cardiac Transplantation: Histologic Evidence of Endothelial Activation, T-Cell Specific ... Reversible Encephalopathy after Cardiac Transplantation: Histologic Evidence of Endothelial Activation, T-Cell Specific ... Reversible Encephalopathy after Cardiac Transplantation: Histologic Evidence of Endothelial Activation, T-Cell Specific ...

http://www.ajnr.org/content/30/3/588/tab-figures-data

T-cells have 2 subsets of helper cells: T-helper type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2). Th1 cells are effectors of cell-mediated ... T-cell cytokine production and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy ... found evidence of endothelial cell injury in renal failure patients, particularly those on continuous ambulatory peritoneal ... Several markers of endothelial cell activation-including soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), von Willebrand ...

http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-15-2009/volume-15-issue-4/t-cell-cytokine-production-and-endothelial-dysfunction-in-type-2-diabetic-patients-with-nephropathy.html

... * ... A Standardized Flow Cytometry Network Study for the Assessment of Circulating Endothelial Cell Physiological Ranges. ... has been applied to a multicentre study for the evaluation of Circulating Endothelial Cells (CECs). ... Under physiological conditions, CECs are among the rarest populations of cells present in peripheral blood. They are considered ...

https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-fi/learn/science-thought-leadership/scientific-publications/standardized-flow-cytometry-network

Designed to optimize growth and passaging of human endothelial cells including atery, microvascular, vein and umbilical cord ... Media, Cell Culturing Products, and FBS*Media, Cell Culturing Products, and FBS Overview ... Neuromics Colorectal Tumor and Pancreatic-Stellate Cell CAFs in Action. *Neuromics FBS Used in New Neurodegenerative Research ... Neuromics Colorectal Tumor and Pancreatic-Stellate Cell CAFs in Action. *Neuromics FBS Used in New Neurodegenerative Research ...

https://www.neuromics.com/MED002?cookie=item_id%3A2399&cookie=item_size_id%3A2399&cookie=item_price%3A144.00

Mailuoning and Luteolin Prevents High Glucose-induced Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Diabetic ... After adding mailuoning, cell viability of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells was significantly decreased in a ... Cell viability assay:. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 1×105 cells/well and starved for 12 h. Then, ... Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were obtained and cultured in high glucose medium. Different concentrations of ...

https://www.ijpsonline.com/articles/mailuoning-and-luteolin-prevents-high-glucoseinduced-human-retinal-microvascular-endothelial-cell-apoptosis-in-diabetic-retinopath-3910.html?aid=3910

Media containing 50-150 μg/ml is recommended for culturing vascular endothelial cells. (emdmillipore.com)
High glucose can improve the level of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of retina vascular endothelial cells (EC). (bmj.com)
Transcriptional and epigenomic landscapes of CNS and non-CNS vascular endothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
To provide themselves with a safe habitat, the bacteria bring about the increase of the number of "vascular endothelial" cells (cells that line the interior of blood vessels), which hide themselves from the host immune system and stimulate the creation of new blood vessels, through a process called "angiogenesis. (disabled-world.com)
2011) Purinergic P2Y2 receptors mediate rapid Ca2+ mobilization, membrane hyperpolarization and nitric oxide production in human vascular endothelial cells. (jenabioscience.com)

Neurohypophyseal peptides and tachykinins stimulate the production of cyclic GMP in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. (aspetjournals.org)
The response to small peptides such as Arg-vasopressin, oxytocin and tachykinins was investigated in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Human Aortic Endothelial cells (HAEC) provided by Innoprot are isolated from healthy human aorta. (innoprot.com)
We investigated the effect of cilostazol on nitric oxide (NO) production in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). (scienceopen.com)
GVL formation was also observed in human umbilical vein and porcine aortic endothelial cells, suggesting that giant vacuole formation is not a unique property of Schlemm's canal cells. (unl.edu)
The addition of arginine has a significant effect on reducing rat atherosclerosis development, which may be attributed to both the down-regulation of CD36 expression in rat aortic endothelial and blood mononuclear cells and the NO pathway. (medscimonit.com)

In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with various concentrations of curcumin (0 μ M, 10 μ M, 20 μ M, 30 μ M, 40 μ M, and 50 μ M) for 12 h, thereby exposed to H 2 O 2 (100 μ M) for another 12 h. (hindawi.com)
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured to study the CXCR4/SDF-1α interaction. (nature.com)
PromoCell large vessel endothelial cells are available from the umbilical vein and artery, the aorta, the coronary artery, the pulmonary artery, and the saphenous vein. (promocell.com)
Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 5 ?M As2O3 and/or 1 mM NaF. (fluoridealert.org)
Accordingly we examined the effects of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IFNγ, LPS, TGFβ and IL-4) on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) expression of CSF receptors (n=6). (atherosclerosis-journal.com)
Green Fluorescent Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (TTFLUOR HUVEC) provided by Innoprot are isolated from healthy human umbilical vein. (innoprot.com)
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have played a major role as a model system for the study of the regulation of endothelial cell function and the role of the endothelium in the response of the blood vessel wall to stretch, shear forces, and the development of atherosclerotic plaques. (zen-bio.com)
Each human umbilical cord vein is individually processed (or pooled for mixed products) to isolate endothelial cells through collagenase digestion and culture. (zen-bio.com)
XAT's activity was studied in rat thoracic aortas, isolated with aortic rings, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (scienceopen.com)
In this study, we examined the degree to which human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) adhered to three materials commonly used polymeric vascular prosthesis that had been coated with the same commercial extra cellular matrix proteins, and after exposure to fluid shear stresses representative of femoro-distal bypass in a cone-and-plate shearing device. (strath.ac.uk)
Intrapancreatic delivery of human umbilical cord blood aldehyde dehydrogenase-producing cells promotes islet regeneration. (stemcellsportal.com)
It inhibited SCF- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells that express the SCF receptor KIT, with IC50 values of 5.2 nM and 5.1 nM, respectively. (lclabs.com)

Here, I demonstrate that ZONAB regulates the actin cytoskeleton and the formation of stress fibres under different conditions, such as tumour necrosis factor or high glucose stimulation in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. (bl.uk)
While proximal tubular cell damage is a characteristic feature of AKI, severe disturbances in renal microvascular blood flow and endothelial cell function also occur, leading to cell swelling, loss of glycocalyx, increased expression of adhesion molecules, and enhanced recruitment of leukocytes, which cause prolonged extension of the tubular injury 2 . (nature.com)
Our comprehensive endothelial cell culture portfolio consists of 12 different types of large vessel and microvascular human endothelial cells with optimized growth media for each cell type. (promocell.com)
Our microvascular endothelial cells are available from dermal, lung, cardiac and uterine tissues. (promocell.com)
At PromoCell we have developed optimized growth media for both large vessel and microvascular endothelial cell types. (promocell.com)
Angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to establish HP mouse and cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) models. (spandidos-publications.com)
Thus, autophagy likely plays a role in cardiac HP, particularly in myocardial microvascular endothelial cells, and may thus be a major contributor to myocardial injury ( 7 - 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Exposure to high glucose has been shown to phosphorylate and activate Mst1 in microvascular endothelial cells, leading to apoptosis ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were obtained and cultured in high glucose medium. (ijpsonline.com)
MTT, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining assays were performed to investigate the effects of mailuoning on high glucose-induced proliferation and apoptosis in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. (ijpsonline.com)
After adding mailuoning, cell viability of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells was significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner while 200 μg/ml mailuoning was the highest concentration without cytotoxic effects. (ijpsonline.com)
Under high glucose conditions, apoptosis of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells was remarkably increased in a concentration-dependent manner and 100 μg/ml mailuoning was the optimum concentration on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. (ijpsonline.com)
Mailuoning and luteolin could prevent high glucose-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy, suggesting that mailuoning and luteolin could be useful in the clinical treatment of diabetic retinopathy. (ijpsonline.com)
Traditional Chinese medicine has accumulated abundant information revealing the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of DR. Although recent studies have reported the pathogenesis of retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) apoptosis, the underlying mechanisms were largely unknown[5,6]. (ijpsonline.com)
Identification of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in macro- and microvascular endothelial cell lines. (qub.ac.uk)
Green Fluorescent Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (TTFLUOR HBMEC) provided by Innoprot are isolated from human healthy brain and transfected with turboGFP. (innoprot.com)
Green Fluorescent Immortalized Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (IM-HBMEC-tGFP) provided by Innoprot have been developed by immortalizing primary human brain endothelial cells with SV40 Large T antigen and transfected with tGFP. (innoprot.com)
Introduction This study aims to determine whether high glucose condition and dynamic O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification can promote the proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and whether Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) could mediate the glucose and O-GlcNAc-driven proliferation and migration of HRMECs. (bmj.com)
O-GlcNAc modification is critical for the proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). (bmj.com)
Human alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells are cultured on either side of the porous membrane. (news-medical.net)

This study assessed changes in serum levels of cytokines IFNgamma and IL-10 [‎biomarkers of inflammatory changes]‎ and soluble biomarkers sICAM-1 and sE-selectin [‎biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction]‎ in diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. (who.int)
Previous studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key factor that contributes to the impairment of ECs and the subsequent endothelial dysfunction. (researchgate.net)
ECs and the subsequent endothelial dysfunction. (researchgate.net)
These data corroborated that crocetin could restore the dysfunction of diabetic endothelial progenitor cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
Endothelial activation and dysfunction are associated with several diseases. (nih.gov)
Currently, the only way to cure blindness caused by corneal endothelial dysfunction is via corneal transplantation of a cadaver donor cornea with healthy corneal endothelium. (medsci.org)
As a result, bullous keratopathy due to either an insufficient cell density caused by HCEC dysfunction or a retro-corneal membrane elicited by endothelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) may occur resulting in a cloudy cornea and potential corneal blindness [ 12 , 13 ]. (medsci.org)
ABSTRACT This study assessed changes in serum levels of cytokines IFNγ and IL-10 (biomarkers of inflammatory changes) and soluble biomarkers sICAM-1 and sE-selectin (biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction) in diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. (who.int)
It is well accepted that accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) may involve in endothelial dysfunction during the Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. (aging-us.com)
The researches on the diabetes "metabolic memory" phenomenon may provide enlightenments for the investigation on the persistent endothelial dysfunction of AD. (aging-us.com)
Especially, the Metabolic memory phenomenon is associated to the endothelial dysfunction [ 14 ]. (aging-us.com)
Conclusions: OSA results in greater serum inflammatory potential, thereby driving endothelial activation and dysfunction. (cdc.gov)
The dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is assumed to be a significant factor in the development of AMD. (helsinki.fi)
However, several mechanisms including direct cellular damage, endothelial dysfunction, in-situ thrombosis, systemic inflammatory response, and oxygen supply-demand imbalance have been described in patients with COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
The onset of a prothrombotic state may also be facilitated by the endothelial dysfunction secondary to the systemic inflammatory response and to the direct viral cell damage. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of pancreatic ß-cells induced by glucocorticoids contributes to diabetes mellitus development. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we investigated whether the short peptide encoded by the lncRNA MIR7-3 host gene (MIR7-3HG) can affect dexamethasone (DEX)-induced ß-cell dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)

Zhu Q, Zhu Y, Tighe S, Liu Y, Hu M. Engineering of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells In Vitro . (medsci.org)
Due to severe shortage of donor corneas worldwide, it has become paramount to develop human corneal endothelial grafts in vitro that can subsequently be transplanted in humans. (medsci.org)
In this review, we present current advances in reprogramming corneal endothelial cells in vitro , detail the methods to successful engineer human corneal endothelial grafts, and discuss their future clinical applications to cure corneal blindness. (medsci.org)
The in vitro culture of primary human endothelial cells is a widely established model system used to investigate several cardiovascular diseases and cancer research applications. (promocell.com)
In Vitro Cell. (emdmillipore.com)
The present study was to evaluate the effects of iAs and F individual or combined exposure on endothelial activation and apoptosis in vitro. (fluoridealert.org)
After 7 days of incubation, the BM-EPC cells were easily harvested as cell sheets, and a series of biochemical experiments were performed in vitro. (researchsquare.com)
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of serum from highly active and sedentary, young, healthy individuals on migration rate of endothelial cells in vitro. (umd.edu)
To prove the effectiveness and feasibility of a paclitaxel hirudin complex and to provide experimental data on the prevention of restenosis, we investigated the effects of paclitaxel hirudin complexes on the growth of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) and endothelial cells (HCAECs) in vitro. (uwi.edu)
In vitro studies have revealed that, in endothelial cells, ERK5 is required for preventing apoptosis, mediating shear-stress signalling and regulating tumour angiogenesis. (warwick.ac.uk)
hiPSC-endothelial cells carrying the translocation recapitulate functional features of PHE in vitro and in vivo . (cell.com)
In this study, we developed an in vitro model of giant vacuole formation in human Schlemm's canal endothelial cells (HSCECs) perfused in the basal-to-apical direction (i.e., the direction that flow crosses the inner wall in vivo) under controlled pressure drops (2 or 6 mmHg). (unl.edu)
In vitro, human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells were treated with N-desulfated heparin in different concentration (0.1 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, N-desulfated heparin group), and treated with medium (control group). (hindawi.com)
Biofunctionalization of porcine-derived collagen matrix using enamel matrix derivative and platelet-rich fibrin: influence on mature endothelial cell characteristics in vitro. (straumann.com)
Solutions will be evaluated for establishment of a human PSC-derived in vitro retina model system that resembles the morphology of a healthy-native retina and is viable through formation of photoreceptor outer segments and/or long-term survival of retinal ganglion cells with extension of axonal processes. (nih.gov)
These amplified and reselected cells retained the expression of primitive hematopoietic cell surface markers (CD34 and CD133), displayed high levels of hematopoietic colony forming cell function in vitro, and expressed a gene expression profile associated with matrix reorganization and proangiogenic processes. (stemcellsportal.com)
Quite how these stem cells promote regeneration will require further assessment, but as we now have the means to amplify and assess large number of functional progenitor cells in vitro, this strategy could develop into an important approach to battle diabetes. (stemcellsportal.com)
Details] Millimeter wave induced reversible externalization of phosphatidylserine molecules in cells exposed in vitro [med. (emf-portal.org)

Human corneal endothelial cells are responsible for controlling corneal transparency, however they are notorious for their limited proliferative capability. (medsci.org)
Recently, we have reported effective expansion of human corneal endothelial cells by reprogramming the cells into progenitor status through use of p120-Kaiso siRNA knockdown. (medsci.org)
Human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) are embryologically derived from cranial neural crest progenitor cells (reviewed in [ 1 ]) and form a single monolayer of hexagonal cells lining the posterior cornea [ 2 ]. (medsci.org)
AIM: To determine the mean density and describe the morphology of corneal endothelial cells in adult Nigerians in Port Harcourt. (who.int)
The degree of polymegathism of corneal endothelial cells increased with age in the study population but this was also not statistically significant (p=0.141). (who.int)

Our results showed that curcumin improved the H 2 O 2 -induced decrease of cell viability and antioxidative enzyme activities and decreased the level of oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
As a conclusion, curcumin could mitigate H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress and cell death in HUVECs and may be a potential therapeutic drug for migraine. (hindawi.com)
Changes in endothelial cell apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) production were analyzed. (fluoridealert.org)
The up-regulation of inflammation genes expression and oxidative stress in iAs and F co-exposed ECs were less pronounced as compared to single F-exposed cells, which showed an antagonistic effect between iAs and F. In conclusion, endothelial activation and apoptosis induced by iAs and/or F are potential mechanisms in their vascular toxicity. (fluoridealert.org)
Hess DA and Hegele RA Linking diabetes with oxidative stress, adipokines, and impaired endothelial precursor cell function. (stemcellsportal.com)

Lymphatic vessels are highly analogous to blood vessels, although lymphatic flow characteristics and its effect on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) via mechanotransduction have been comparatively less examined. (umass.edu)
Pathogenic bacteria can cross from blood vessels to host tissues by opening transendothelial cell macroapertures. (aps.org)
Endothelial cell migration and proliferation are essential for the establishment of a hierarchical organization of blood vessels and optimal distribution of blood. (datadryad.org)
A , Hematoxylin- eosin-stained sections showed many small blood vessels with reactive endothelial cells ( black arrow ) in the white matter demonstrating cellular and nuclear enlargement as well as mild interstitial edema ( white arrow ). (ajnr.org)
DR histopathologically manifested as retinal blood vessels weakness and endothelial cell death, only with bare basement membrane of vessel wall, vascular degradation leading to retinal tissue ischemia, reduced oxygen and nutrition supply, blood-retinal barrier damage causing release of many proinflammatory factors, which stimulate residual vascular leakage and pathological formation of new blood vessels. (ijpsonline.com)
Communication between these two cell types is necessary to direct angiogenesis and ensure the structure and integrity of blood vessels. (medlineplus.gov)
These abnormal blood vessels show a deficiency of smooth muscle cells while endothelial cells are maintained. (medlineplus.gov)
When our blood pressure gets high, for example, apelin levels should go up in the right place, like endothelial cells that line blood vessels, to help bring it down. (prohealth.com)
[ 3 ] For example, in pneumococcal HUS, S pneumoniae damages endothelial cells in the blood vessels, disturbing local complement homeostasis and producing a thrombogenic state. (medscape.com)

HUVECs were obtained from Cell Bank in the Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin/streptomycin in 37°C, and 5% CO 2 [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
In HUVECs cell trajectory data was aligned such that the y-axis followed the outer edge of the scratch-wound, while the cell-free space is on the positive-x half plane. (datadryad.org)
XAT increased nitric oxide production and Akt- endothelial NOS (eNOS) phosphorylation in HUVECs. (scienceopen.com)

Conclusions The present study reveals that high glucose condition directly affects retinal endothelial cells (EC) function, and O-GlcNAc modification is critical for the proliferation and migration of HRMECs, RUNX1 may take part in this mechanism, and maybe the function of RUNX1 is related to its O-GlcNAc modification level, which provides a new perspective for studying the mechanism of RUNX1 in diabetic retinopathy. (bmj.com)
It inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and migration [5]. (who.int)

ABSTRACT We evaluated the prognostic value of serum endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. (who.int)

Expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in human adipose tissue is predominantly detectable in endothelial cells and increased by severe obesity indicating an autocrine action. (nih.gov)
We hypothesized that ECFC exosomes target ischemic kidneys, involving interaction between exosomal CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α. (nature.com)
Genetics of the thrombomodulin-endothelial cell protein C receptor system and the risk of early-onset ischemic stroke. (cam.ac.uk)
This study demonstrates that inflammation-induced expression of the IL-3 receptor on endothelial cells directs their MMP expression and migratory potential, highlighting IL-3 as a potential regulator of atherosclerotic intraplaque neovascularisation. (atherosclerosis-journal.com)
An overactive TEK receptor is thought to disrupt the communication between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
2011) Distinct activation of epidermal growth factor receptor by UTP contributes to epithelial cell wound repair. (jenabioscience.com)
This article focuses on the use of targeted therapies in cervical cancer, specifically evaluating antiangiogenesis and endothelial growth factor receptor-related treatments. (jnccn.org)
The now familiar spiked virus enters human cells via the also pervasive angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, or ACE2, receptor. (prohealth.com)
Differential expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) by conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DC (pDCs) has been suggested to influence the type of immune response induced by microbial pathogens. (rupress.org)
Evidence suggests that C1q binds a receptor present on phagocytic cells, termed C1qRP. (medscape.com)

In addition, we offer media formulations with and without Endothelial Cell Growth Supplement (ECGS), a bovine hypothalamic extract traditionally used for cultivating endothelial cells without added VEGF. (promocell.com)
Generally, VEGF leads to higher endothelial cell proliferation in culture. (promocell.com)
The expression levels of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis-associated genes and proteins were examined using RT‑qPCR and western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to determine the concentrations of VEGF, EGF and SDF-1α in the cell culture medium. (researchsquare.com)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) are the main factors promoting angiogenesis [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Even though VEGF is a primary mediator of angiogenic responses, bFGF is more potent than VEGF for stimulating the vascular endothelial mitogenesis. (hindawi.com)
Further experiments with human endothelial cells in petri dishes indicated that BafA activated cell surface receptors that recognize VEGF. (disabled-world.com)
This is the very first report of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF for short)-like protein produced by bacteria. (disabled-world.com)
RÉSUMÉ Nous avons évalué la valeur pronostique de l'endostatine et du facteur de croissance endothéliale vasculaire (VEGF) dans le sérum pour le diagnostic de la prééclampsie. (who.int)
Nous avons déterminé la concentration d'endostatine et de VEGF dans le sérum de 20 femmes non enceintes en bonne santé et de 64 femmes enceintes : 20 en bonne santé, 20 ayant une prééclampsie bénigne et 24 une prééclampsie grave. (who.int)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in physiological vasculogenesis and vascular permeability and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. (who.int)

Note the marked capillary endothelial cell hypertrophy. (cdc.gov)

We conclude that lyso-PC can induce growth factor gene expression in cultured endothelial cells and thus may contribute to the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in various response-to-injury settings in vivo. (jci.org)
Research using physiological degrees of PAI-1 uncovered it stimulates endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation through its anti-protease activity and its own capability to bind to vitronectin leading to EC to migrate in the vitronectin-rich perivascular space towards fibronectin-rich tumor stroma [6, 7]. (exposed-skin-care.net)

IL-33 has been demonstrated to promote endothelial cell inflammatory response, but also anti-inflammatory and protective actions such as TH2 and M2 polarization of T cells and macrophages, respectively. (nih.gov)
By use of specific inhibitors or siRNA, we demonstrated that MMP-2, -3 and -10 promote endothelial cell migration. (atherosclerosis-journal.com)

Each produced cell lot is tested for cell morphology, adherence rate, cell viability, flow cytometric analyses for cell-type specific markers, e.g. von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and CD31, as well as Dil-Ac-LDL uptake. (promocell.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Corneal Endothelial Cell Density and Morphology in Nigerians. (who.int)
U. Ani Efeoghene, Nwosu Sebastain N. N., Pedro-Egbe Chinyere N., Cookey Sotonibi A. H., Awoyesuku Elizabeth A. Corneal Endothelial Cell Density and Morphology in Nigerians. (who.int)
The structure of individual organ-on-chip systems varies because the arrangement of organ specific cell types within the microfluidic device is made to resemble the basic morphology of the organ. (news-medical.net)
Tissue-on-a-chip systems that use cells grown in 2-D co-culture and do not fully represent the structure, morphology, and function of the human retina are also not of interest. (nih.gov)
Effect of 10.5 GHz CW radiofrequency radiation exposure on normal and prostate cancer cell morphology [med. (emf-portal.org)

d neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which significantly stimulated axonal growth from chicken or rat dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) HUVEC-conditioned medium was sufficient to enhance axonal growth, demonstrating that direct cell-cell contact was not required. (tufts.edu)
Each vial of TTFLUOR HUVEC contains more than 1 million viable cells. (innoprot.com)
The quality of HUVEC attachment, as measured by extent of cell coverage and resistance to fluid shear stress, was greatest on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene samples that had been impregnated with Type I/III collagen. (strath.ac.uk)

The increased expression of cell adhesion molecules and leukocyte attracting chemokines suggests that LECs in the sinus may adopt an inflammatory phenotype. (umass.edu)
Recent evidence suggests that glial cell activation and its inflammatory response may contribute to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD. (springer.com)
to address this in an unbiased manner, we applied a novel endothelial biosensor approach, the serum cumulative inflammatory potential (SCIP) assay. (cdc.gov)
A battery of quantitative and functional assays was performed to assess the serum inflammatory potential, in terms of endothelial responses. (cdc.gov)
For the SCIP assay, human coronary artery endothelial cells (hCAECs) were incubated with 5% serum in media from individual subjects for 4 h. qPCR was performed to assess endothelial inflammatory transcript (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL- 8, P-selectin, CCL5, and CXCL12) responses to serum. (cdc.gov)

Adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells, human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells (hESC-RPE), human embryonic primary RPE cells and endothelial cells (EaHy 926) were used in transfections. (helsinki.fi)
In order to recapitulate the ocular fundus functions, neural supporting cells such as retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were cultured within a three-dimensional microfluidic device, and cell responses at the tissue level to changes in the microenvironment were analyzed. (nii.ac.jp)
Components (neurons, retinal pigment epithelium [RPE], glia) may be produced separately or dissociated and recombined (1) if protocol addresses a significant biological or technical hurdle and (2) if in the process of re-assembly, specific functions/roles of cell types are delineated. (nih.gov)
Characterization of retinal cell types, retina organoid structure, and retina organoid function are expected. (nih.gov)
Off-cone), and Retinal Ganglion Cells (identify at least three subtypes). (nih.gov)

Lysophosphatidylcholine transcriptionally induces growth factor gene expression in cultured human endothelial cells. (jci.org)
Lyso-PC did not upregulate the expression of certain other inducible endothelial genes, including E-selectin, IL-8, or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the same cells, in contrast to the coordinate pattern of activation typically observed with other stimuli, such as TNF alpha, bacterial endotoxin, or PMA. (jci.org)
Proteins at endothelial junctions regulate permeability, cell proliferation and gene expression and are capable of sensing stretch, stress and damage. (bl.uk)
The obtained data indicates that ZONAB is a multifunctional regulator of several endothelial functions: it controls cytoskeleton arrangement, tight junction protein expression and localisation, as well as proliferation, inflammation, senescence and methylation. (bl.uk)
LECs exposed to static conditions demonstrated relatively increased expression of cell adhesion molecules via mRNA and protein quantification and leukocyte attracting chemokines via mRNA quantification. (umass.edu)
The results showed that iAs and/or F induced significant increase in endothelial cell apoptosis and inflammation as indicated by the increase of mRNA and protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and pentraxin 3. (fluoridealert.org)
Several studies have demonstrated that SDF-1 expression is sufficient to induce EPC cell mobilization and enhance angiogenesis[8]. (researchsquare.com)
In these mice sulfasalazine significantlly reduced CEC expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), and E-selectin, and it correspondingly reduced expression of these molecules in some tissue vessels. (umn.edu)
In humans with sickle cell disease, sulfasalazine significantly reduced CEC expression of VCAM, ICAM, and Eselectin, but it did not reduce expression of tissue factor. (umn.edu)
Moreover, XAT attenuated the expression of TNF-α-induced cell adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin. (scienceopen.com)
the cell identity of individual clusters is then assigned based on the expression of known marker genes, avoiding the isolation of individual cell types prior to analysis. (medscape.com)
Expression of the complement anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a receptors on bronchial epithelial and smooth muscle cells in models of sepsis and asthma. (medscape.com)
Point mutations impairing cell surface expression of the common beta subunit (CD18) in a patient with leukocyte adhesion molecule (Leu-CAM) deficiency. (medscape.com)
MPTP-induced expression of gp91phox and iNOS activation in the glial cells of SN was also completely blocked by diapocynin. (springer.com)
Differentiation-Associated Expression of Conventional Protein Kinase C Isoforms in Primary Cultures of Bone Marrow Cells Induced by M-CSF and G-CSF. (aabioetica.org)
The current research focuses on typical PKC (cPKC) expression and its regulation in major cultures of bone marrow cells induced to endure macrophage/granulocyte differentiation by macrophage colony-stimulating issue (M-CSF) or granular colony-stimulating issue (G-CSF). (aabioetica.org)
In support of recovery, the authors observed an increase in islet-associated β cell proliferation and also an increase in intra-islet microvessel density (CD31 expression) (See Figure). (stemcellsportal.com)
CD36 expression in mononuclear cells was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. (medscimonit.com)
Details] Study of p53 expression and post-transcriptional modifications after GSM-900 radiofrequency exposure of human amniotic cells [med. (emf-portal.org)
Details] Phosphorylation and gene expression of p53 are not affected in human cells exposed to 2.1425 GHz band CW or W-CDMA modulated radiation allocated to mobile radio base stations [med. (emf-portal.org)
Details] Effects of exposure to a 1950 MHz radio frequency field on expression of Hsp70 and Hsp27 in human glioma cells [med. (emf-portal.org)
Aberrant expression of CD10 and BCL6 in mantle cell lymphoma. (cdc.gov)
In addition, the inhibitory effect of miR-29a-3p on the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α regulatory axis could cause a decrease in the expression levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-2 and eventually lead to a reduction in glycolysis in U251 glioma cells. (bvsalud.org)

Prior to the discovery of this cell population, the principal mechanism of vascularization after an ischemic event was thought to be due to the process of angiogenesis, whereby new vessels are formed by direct migration, differentiation, and proliferation of the existing mature endothelial cells ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

first described the isolation of "endothelial progenitor cells" (EPCs) from human peripheral blood in 1997, and showed that these cells express endothelial cell surface markers and promote neovascularization 3 . (nature.com)
Despite these homing mechanisms, engraftment of progenitor cells within injured tissues has not been consistently demonstrated, and the protective effects of EPCs have been attributed to paracrine mechanisms. (nature.com)
The purpose of this study was to fabricate BM-EPC sheet and conduct preliminary investigation on the paracrine effect of SDF-1ɑ about the role of the stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/CXCR4 axis in the form of tubular structures from BM-EPCs sheet. (researchsquare.com)
EPCs derived from rat bone marrow (BM-EPC) were identified and isolated by the cell-surface markers CD34/CD133/VE-cadherin/KDR using flow cytometry, as well as by dual affinity for acLDL and UEA-1. (researchsquare.com)
However, BM-EPCs cell sheet can not harvested with trypsin and cell-to-cell interactions and the integral structure of the BM-EPCs sheet were unknown[13,14]. (researchsquare.com)

Fluid flow in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems influences the phenotype of endothelial cells that line the interior to the vessel via mechanotransduction. (umass.edu)
Geometric features in a vessel such as curvature, bifurcation, and valves promote heterogeneous fluid flow profiles, inducing a heterogeneous endothelial phenotype within a vessel region. (umass.edu)
White, Anthony R. / Altered Brain Endothelial Cell Phenotype from a Familial Alzheimer Mutation and Its Potential Implications for Amyloid Clearance and Drug Delivery . (helsinki.fi)

Endothelial cells are crucial for vascular health and inflammation regulation. (bl.uk)
Increased endothelial permeability in a lymphedema afflicted vessel could potentially promote lymph and antigen leakage, exacerbating the already impaired lymph transport, impairing the adaptive immune response, and inducing inflammation in the local interstitial tissue. (umass.edu)
The lung-on-a-chip can also represent complex whole organ-level response, such as pulmonary inflammation, by the introduction of blood-borne immune cells to the fluid within the vascular channel. (news-medical.net)
Rabbit vascular endothelial adhesion molecules: ELAM-1 is most elevated in acute inflammation, whereas VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 predominate in chronic inflammation. (cdc.gov)
Another possible explanation is that UC occurs when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the cells of the intestines, causing inflammation. (medpagetoday.com)
Apelin is a pervasive peptide made by cells in the heart, lung, brain, fat tissue and blood, and is an important regulator in bringing both blood pressure and inflammation down, says Baban, the study's corresponding author. (prohealth.com)

We have previously reported that lyso-PC can activate cultured endothelia, resulting in the selective upregulation of adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. (jci.org)

The main source for IL-33 in adipose tissue were endothelial cells, which, in humans, exclusively expressed ST2 on their surface. (nih.gov)
The release of a wide array of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) sheet-secreted paracrine factors is central to the mechanism by which these cells contribute to tissue repair. (researchsquare.com)
BM-EPC cell sheets have superior proliferation and tube formation activity that can be used for tissue repair. (researchsquare.com)
The Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC) treatment strategy take advantages of preserving or regenerating tissue to develop towards clinical application[1-3]. (researchsquare.com)
GFP expressing human internal mammary artery endothelial cells are isolated from normal human internal mammary artery tissue and transfected with GFP- lentiviral particles at passage 1. (ubpone.com)
2022), as this approach and the associated workflow bypass the issue of high tissue complexity and enables the identification of rare and transcriptionally heterogeneous cell types. (medscape.com)
The application of electrodes causes the contraction of myocytes (muscle cells) leading to the finding of a relationship between tissue stress and the radius of curvature produced in the muscular thin films during contraction. (news-medical.net)
Also, based on findings on cell functions at the tissue level obtained by the analysis of the organ on a chip, cell delivery therapy was investigated. (nii.ac.jp)
Also, the obtained results were applied to control the tissue functions of RPE cells cultured on the polymeric nanosheets, which was extended to a method to deliver an RPE sheet into the subretinal space. (nii.ac.jp)
Journal Article] Three-dimensional co-culture of C2C12/PC12 cells improves skeletal muscle tissue formation and function. (nii.ac.jp)
Our body fat is rich in mesenchymal stem cells [although it occurs in various concentrations in almost every tissue in the human body]. (pensummed.pro)
These cells normally lie dormant in the collagen matrix of the fat but can be released and activated to repair damaged tissue. (pensummed.pro)
Our treatments use mesenchymal stem cells found predominantly in fatty tissue. (pensummed.pro)
When injected into tissue, the stem cells tend to act in two main ways: first, by dividing and regenerating the aged tissue and secondly by secreting factors that help the surrounding cells to regenerate the tissue. (pensummed.pro)
Originally, mesenchymal stem cells were thought to be the drivers of tissue regeneration. (pensummed.pro)
First is the realization that this class of cells can be isolated from almost every tissue in the human body. (pensummed.pro)
By secreting factors that mute the immune system, the MSC-pericytes inhibit T-cell surveillance of the damaged tissue and bioactive agents are released by MSCs that establish a regenerative microenvironment. (pensummed.pro)
and 2) cell-cell communication in vascular tissue. (uwo.ca)

Exosomes are packaged with cargo, including microRNA (miR), mRNA and proteins, and upon binding to other cells the exosomal contents may be transferred, thereby modulating cell function. (nature.com)
Aside from its anticoagulant action, heparin binds to various growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular proteins and consequently is able to affect migration of cancer cells and angiogenesis in tumors. (hindawi.com)
Previous studies on Bartonella henselae (B. henselae for short), the bacterium responsible for cat-scratch disease, have shown that it can directly "inject" proteins that inhibit programmed cell death (apoptosis) into the endothelial cells. (disabled-world.com)
His work within the lab focuses primarily on the cerebral circulation and he typically probes a defined research question by blending theoretical approaches such as computational modeling with experimental techniques that extend from single proteins, to cells, and then to whole tissues. (uwo.ca)
Changes in vascular permeability are lial cells tethered together by junctional proteins commonly present in certain clinical diseases such as tight and adherens junctions. (bvsalud.org)

They showed that this cell population can be successfully isolated from peripheral blood derived mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers, utilizing magnetic bead positive selection of two cell surface antigens, CD34, and Flk1. (frontiersin.org)
The role of the CD19/CD21 complex in B cell processing and presentation of complement-tagged antigens. (medscape.com)

Under physiological conditions, CECs are among the rarest populations of cells present in peripheral blood. (bdbiosciences.com)
In some cases, fewer than 30% of cells remained on the surface after only 1-h exposure to physiological levels of shear stress. (strath.ac.uk)
Organ-on-a-chip devices can overcome the limitations of conventional two-dimensional cell culture methodologies, allowing for the establishment of models that mimic the three-dimensional arrangement of different cell types closer to the physiological condition. (news-medical.net)
A 3-D human retina organoid system that mimics the physiological and morphological features of the in vivo biology, consists of the major retina cell types (rod and cone photoreceptors, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells and Muller glia) with appropriate lamination and synaptic organization, and represents their biological functions and interplay. (nih.gov)
Submissions should address significant physiological barriers to the field (e.g. vasculature, additional cell types, fovea, etc. (nih.gov)

Deterioration of either the structure or function of endothelial cells (ECs) results in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. (researchgate.net)
In recent times many companies have developed therapeutic strategies able to delivery engineered genetic products within the human tissues, and if the present study will confirm that MEF2A is associated with atherosclerosis, a targeted delivery of a modified version of the MEF2A gene within the arterial cells might represent a future therapeutic option able to revert atherosclerosis in subject with occluded arteries, or at least to prevent future cardiovascular events. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)

SDF-1α/CXCR4 could also decrease EPC cell apoptosis under serum deprivation or hypoxic conditions via the PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway[10,11]. (researchsquare.com)
Nitric oxide (NO*) is an important protective molecule in the vasculature, and endothelial NO* synthase (eNOS) is responsible for most of the vascular NO* produced. (scienceopen.com)

The membranes can, therefore, form an interface for the cellular cross talk of endothelial and epithelial cell layers. (news-medical.net)

It has recently been acknowledged that the true EPC is the endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC). (frontiersin.org)
The initial nomenclature of EPC encompasses a heterogeneous cell population, including early EPC [or circulating angiogenic cells (CAC), myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs), pro-angiogenic haematopoietic cells (PACs)] and late EPC [or outgrowth endothelial cells, endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC)] ( 9 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
The objective was to examine associations between TL and proliferative dynamics of endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFCs), which behave as progenitor cells displaying endothelial repair activity. (univ-lorraine.fr)

Nuclear runoff assays documented an increased transcriptional rate for the HB-EGF gene in lyso-PC-treated cells. (jci.org)
In epithelial cells, ZONAB regulates cell proliferation and gene transcription as well as mRNA translation during stress. (bl.uk)
which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to increase the risk of developing venous malformations. (medlineplus.gov)
Some gene mutations are acquired during a person's lifetime and are present only in certain cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Gene therapy involves the delivery of exogenous DNA into the target cells in order to produce therapeutic protein or to correct a genetic defect. (helsinki.fi)
The aim of this Master's thesis was to study non-viral gene delivery to RPE cells and endothelial cells using several carrier/DNA combinations. (helsinki.fi)
Through these experiments, the scientists determined that B. henselae can stimulate angiogenesis in human endothelial cells only if it possesses a functional copy of the gene that "codes for," or guides the synthesis of, the BafA protein. (disabled-world.com)
The scientific rationale is based on the results of different studies demonstrating that a group of genes, collected under the MEF2 gene family, are able to regulate the health of human arteries, with modulating the activities of the endothelial cells, that are the cells coating the internal surface of the arteries. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
A high mutation rate of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene associates with a poor survival and chemotherapy response of mantle cell lymphoma patients. (cdc.gov)
Study of gene polymorphisms as predictors of treatment efficacy and toxicity in patients with indolent non-hodgkin lymphomas and mantle cell lymphoma receiving bendamustine and rituximab. (cdc.gov)

Endothelial cell-cell adhesion complexes have an essential role in the function of the endothelium. (bl.uk)
Thus, in patients at risk of AKI, prevention of endothelial cell injury may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to preserve long-term kidney function. (nature.com)
Colony stimulating factors (CSF) including interleukin-3, modulate the function of multiple vascular cell types may contribute to atherosclerosis, by binding to their respective receptors. (atherosclerosis-journal.com)
The present review focuses on our current understanding of the role of ERK5 in regulating endothelial cell function. (warwick.ac.uk)
Vascular endothelial cell (EC) function depends on appropriate organ-specific molecular and cellular specializations. (bvsalud.org)
Similarly, in a leukocyte adhesion assay, naïve cells treated with serum from patients who received CPAP exhibited improved endothelial barrier function than cells treated with OSA control serum. (cdc.gov)
We hypothesize that increased sedentary time and more frequent bouts of uninterrupted sitting are associated with increased hemoglobin A1c, increased blood pressure, and impaired endothelial function. (cdc.gov)
Blood pressure was measured with an automated cuff, and vascular endothelial function was assessed in a subsample of participants (n = 56) using EndoPAT. (cdc.gov)
Recently, we analyzed serum biomarkers by using samples from the Gulu outbreak and identified associations between cytokines/chemokines, acute-phase reactants, markers of coagulopathy, and markers of endothelial function and patient death, hemorrhage, and viremia. (cdc.gov)
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and most cancers stem cells (CSCs) play a vital function in metastasis of papillary thyroid most cancers (PTC). (aabioetica.org)
Other possible disease-associated genes are involved in the immune system, particularly in the maturation and function of T cells. (medpagetoday.com)
These cell- and when occurring in the lung or brain lead to to-cell connections allow for the formation of serious consequences related to impaired gas inter-endothelial gaps through which substances exchange and cerebral function, respectively. (bvsalud.org)

The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer. (bvsalud.org)

The vascular endothelium is a layer of cells lining the inner surface of vessels, serving as a barrier that mediates microenvironment homeostasis. (researchgate.net)
The vessels identified by the arrows are shown in higher magnification in Figs B and C . B , Higher magnification of arrowhead in Fig 3 A . Lymphocytes (T-cells) are regularly noted within the intravascular space ( arrows ) surrounded by endothelium ( arrowhead ). (ajnr.org)
C , Higher magnification of arrowhead in Fig 3 A . Lymphocytes (T-cells) have traversed the endothelium (end point of the lymphocyte trafficking process) and are in the perivascular space ( arrow ). (ajnr.org)
The production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide was assessed indirectly by the accumulation of cyclic GMP, a response that is due to the increased activity of soluble guanylate cyclase of the endothelial cells after release of the mediator. (aspetjournals.org)
The vessel wall endothelium undoubtedly plays a role in the vascular pathobiology of sickle cell disease. (umn.edu)
HMEC-1 is an endothelial-like cell that was isolated from the endothelium of the foreskin of a male patient. (atcc.org)

Here we pursue an a priori hypothesis that genetic variation in the endothelial-based receptors of the thrombomodulin-protein C system (THBD and PROCR) may similarly be associated with early-onset ischemic stroke. (cam.ac.uk)
These receptors are present on phagocytic cells, mast cells, and lung epithelial and smooth muscle cells. (medscape.com)

Accumulating evidence has indicated that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway is stimulated to participate in EPC cell proliferation and tube formation capacity. (researchsquare.com)

To assess the influence of donor age, donor endothelial cell density, recipient age, and diagnosis on loss of endothelial cell density after penetrating keratoplasty, we evaluated endothelial cell density data from specular endothelial images collected during the follow-up of penetrating keratoplasty surgeries performed from 1980 through 1985 at one center. (jamanetwork.com)
Uni variate and multivariate analyses of information from 265 grafts showed consistent and statistically significant associations between 1-year postoperative loss of endothelial cell density and donor age, donor endothelial cell density, and recipient age. (jamanetwork.com)
Corneas obtained from older donors, corneas with higher donor endothelial cell density, and corneas transplanted to older recipients demonstrated greater percentage of loss of endothelial cell density 1 year after surgery. (jamanetwork.com)
These three factors accounted for 17% of the total variance in percentage of loss of endothelial cell density 1 year after surgery. (jamanetwork.com)
The mean Endothelial Cell Density (ECD) was 2791±221 cells/mm2. (who.int)

However, B. henselae can also promote angiogenesis without directly contacting endothelial cells, which implies that the bacterium can secrete a bioactive substance that takes on the duty of kick-starting angiogenesis. (disabled-world.com)
E7080, a novel inhibitor that targets multiple kinases, has potent antitumor activities against stem cell factor producing human small cell lung cancer H146, based on angiogenesis inhibition. (lclabs.com)

Details] Repetitive exposure to a 60-Hz time-varying magnetic field induces DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in human cells [med. (emf-portal.org)

This model offers promising opportunities to investigate the role of endothelial cell biomechanics in the regulation of intraocular pressure in normal and glaucomatous eyes. (unl.edu)
The Protein kinase C (PKC) -associated sign pathway performs essential roles in regulation of cell development, differentiation and apoptosis. (aabioetica.org)
Previous study indicated that suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) participates in the regulation of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) osteogenesis. (bvsalud.org)

In addition, several cell death-related genes (p53, p21, Bax, and Bcl-2) were detected by PCR, and an apoptosis-related protein (caspase3) was evaluated by western blotting. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we have found that lyso-PC increased steady state mRNA levels for two smooth muscle/fibroblast-directed growth factors, the A and B chains of PDGF and heparin-binding EGF-like protein (HB-EGF), in cultured human endothelial cells. (jci.org)
Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by cilostazol via a cAMP/protein kinase A- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent mechanism. (scienceopen.com)
They also observed that exposing human endothelial cells to the isolated BafA protein caused the cells to multiply. (disabled-world.com)
We sought to find out the protein content material in serum exosomes (SEs), to characterise SEs, and to find novel scientific biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (aabioetica.org)

Cell viability was assessed using methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assays to determine the optimal concentration range for inhibiting the growth of HCASMCs but not that of HCAECs. (uwi.edu)
High nitrogen/phosphate (n/p) ratios of polyplexes decreased cell viability. (helsinki.fi)
Cell viability assay Cell lines had been plated in quadruplicate wells over night in 96-well plates at a denseness of 6,000 cells per well and treated the very next day. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay (Promega) was utilized based on the producers suggestions. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Viability (indicated like a % of control to DMSO treated cells) was plotted on the logarithmic scale as well as the fifty percent maximal inhibitor focus (IC50) was PF-2341066 determined from the very best match line. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Caspase 3/7 activity assay Cells had been plated as referred to for cell viability and treated with raising concentrations of TM5275 or TM5441 for 48 hours. (exposed-skin-care.net)

Growth promoting activities have been described for human endothelial cells, bovine endothelial cells, and mouse Balb/c fibroblasts. (emdmillipore.com)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

The aim of this study is to investigate whether Aβ exposure induces cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory in endothelial cells and mtDNA hypermethylation involves in this process. (aging-us.com)

Combinatorial human progenitor cell transplantation optimizes islet regeneration through secretion of paracrine factors. (stemcellsportal.com)

Antibodies were injected into the vasculature to label neutrophils (red) and endothelial cells (blue). (cellimagelibrary.org)
Here, using the zebrafish vasculature as a model system, we demonstrate that the balanced distribution of endothelial cells as well as the resulting regularity of vessel caliber, is a result of migration of cells from veins connected to arteries and cell proliferation in veins. (datadryad.org)
This active group of researchers and clinicians in London hold expertise in diseases associated with aging of cells of the brain, vasculature or heart. (uwo.ca)

I have identified key cell-cycle regulatory genes that are deregulated by ZONAB depletion such as cyclin A2 and polo like kinase. (bl.uk)
Moreover, we review novel concepts regarding the existence of spermatogonial and somatic cell subtypes as well as their crosstalk and provide corresponding marker genes to facilitate their identification. (medscape.com)
To identify the genes that give B. henselae this ability, the researchers began inducing random mutations in the DNA of the bacteria and seeing whether the mutated bacteria could still make the endothelial cells multiply. (disabled-world.com)
MEF2 genes exert several effects also on muscle cell also localized within human arteries. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
The activation of the MEF2A genes in the cells are know to modulate different molecular pathways that exert a protective effect on vascular cells. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)

In the early postnatal brain , single- cell RNA-seq of purified ECs reveals (1) close relationships between veins and mitotic cells and between arteries and tip cells , (2) a division of capillary ECs into vein -like and artery -like classes, and (3) new endothelial subtype markers, including new validated tip cell markers. (bvsalud.org)

One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)

Characterization of the MicroRNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from a Pulmonary Tumor-Draining Vein Identifies miR-203a-3p as a Relapse Biomarker for Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. (ub.edu)

In an effort to improve the long-term patency of vascular prostheses several groups now advocate seeding autologous endothelial cells (ECs) onto the lumen of the vessel prior to implantation, a procedure that involves pre-treating the prosthesis material with fibrin, collagen and/or other matrix molecules to promote cell attachment and retention. (strath.ac.uk)
The central connecting aspect to explain this fact is that all of these tissues are vascularized and that every blood vessel in the body has mesenchymal cells in abluminal locations. (pensummed.pro)

This new reprogramming approach circumvents the need of using induced pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells. (medsci.org)

Blood exosomes assist regulate communication between tumour cells, moderating their behaviour. (aabioetica.org)
Extremely low frequency magnetic fields regulate differentiation of regulatory T cells: potential role for ROS-mediated inhibition on AKT [med. (emf-portal.org)

Anatomy49

Organisms8

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Information Science4

Health Care3

Publication Characteristics1

Geographicals1

Transgenic mice with overexpression of human scavenger receptor A on endothelial cells. (1/13004)

Effects of tetrandrine on cardiovascular electrophysiologic properties. (2/13004)

Effect of Korea red ginseng on cerebral blood flow and superoxide production. (3/13004)

Enhancement of fibrinolytic activity of bovine aortic endothelial cells by ginsenoside Rb2. (4/13004)

Effect of matrine on cold ischemia and reperfusion injury of sinusoidal endothelial cells in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. (5/13004)

Endothelial cell proliferation in male reproductive organs of adult rat is high and regulated by testicular factors. (6/13004)

Chemokine receptor expression in human endometrium. (7/13004)

Differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood CD 34+ cells in vitro. (8/13004)

Endothelial Cells

Orofaciodigital Syndromes

Cells, Cultured

Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Endothelium

Endothelium, Vascular

Neovascularization, Physiologic

Cattle

Cell Adhesion

Aorta

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Endothelium, Corneal

Capillaries

Cell Movement

Neovascularization, Pathologic

Antigens, CD31

Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

Microcirculation

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1

E-Selectin

Signal Transduction

RNA, Messenger

Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2

Cell Adhesion Molecules

Nitric Oxide

Endothelial Growth Factors

Blood Vessels

Microvessels

Cell Line

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Capillary Permeability

Cell Division

Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Lymphokines

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Stress, Mechanical

Apoptosis

Cell Proliferation

Gene Expression Regulation

von Willebrand Factor

Receptor, TIE-2

Immunohistochemistry

Pulmonary Artery

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Phosphorylation

Up-Regulation

Blotting, Western

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2

Time Factors

Coculture Techniques

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Retinal Vessels

Thrombin

Cell Survival

Epoprostenol

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Swine

Enzyme Activation

Enzyme Inhibitors

Nitric Oxide Synthase

Cell Communication

Culture Media, Conditioned

Blood-Brain Barrier

Angiopoietin-1

Receptors, Cell Surface

Antigens, CD

RNA, Small Interfering

Gene Expression

Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss

Transfection

Pericytes

Endothelium, Lymphatic

Interleukin-8

Guyana

NF-kappa B

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Recombinant Proteins

Monocytes