AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
EndocardiumPericardiumEndocardial CushionsHeartHeart ValvesHeart VentriclesHeart Conduction SystemDogsMyocardiumEndocardial FibroelastosisHeart AtriaVentricular FunctionEpicardial MappingElectrophysiologic Techniques, CardiacAction PotentialsAtrial AppendageVentricular FibrillationElectrocardiographyPurkinje FibersEndocardial Cushion DefectsCardiac Pacing, ArtificialTachycardia, VentricularBody Surface Potential MappingQuailHeart SeptumModels, CardiovascularMesodermAtrial FunctionCatheter AblationGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalMyocardial ContractionMorphogenesisMyocytes, CardiacPapillary MusclesFlecainideChick EmbryoEndomyocardial FibrosisElectrophysiologyReceptor, TIE-2ZebrafishCardiomyopathies4-AminopyridineLIM-Homeodomain ProteinsFetal HeartCoronary CirculationSwineVentricular Function, LeftArrhythmias, CardiacMyocardial IschemiaCicatrixCardiomyopathy, RestrictiveCardiomyopathy, DilatedArrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
Endocardium: The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells.Pericardium: A conical fibro-serous sac surrounding the HEART and the roots of the great vessels (AORTA; VENAE CAVAE; PULMONARY ARTERY). Pericardium consists of two sacs: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers.Endocardial Cushions: A fetal heart structure that is the bulging areas in the cardiac septum between the HEART ATRIA and the HEART VENTRICLES. During development, growth and fusion of endocardial cushions at midline forms the two atrioventricular canals, the sites for future TRICUSPID VALVE and BICUSPID VALVE.Heart: The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.Heart Valves: Flaps of tissue that prevent regurgitation of BLOOD from the HEART VENTRICLES to the HEART ATRIA or from the PULMONARY ARTERIES or AORTA to the ventricles.Heart Ventricles: The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.Heart Conduction System: An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Endocardial Fibroelastosis: A condition characterized by the thickening of ENDOCARDIUM due to proliferation of fibrous and elastic tissue, usually in the left ventricle leading to impaired cardiac function (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE). It is most commonly seen in young children and rarely in adults. It is often associated with congenital heart anomalies (HEART DEFECTS CONGENITAL;) INFECTION; or gene mutation. Defects in the tafazzin protein, encoded by TAZ gene, result in a form of autosomal dominant familial endocardial fibroelastosis.Heart Atria: The chambers of the heart, to which the BLOOD returns from the circulation.Ventricular Function: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the HEART VENTRICLES.Epicardial Mapping: Recording the locations and measurements of electrical activity in the EPICARDIUM by placing electrodes on the surface of the heart to analyze the patterns of activation and to locate arrhythmogenic sites.Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac: Methods to induce and measure electrical activities at specific sites in the heart to diagnose and treat problems with the heart's electrical system.Action Potentials: Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.Atrial Appendage: Ear-shaped appendage of either atrium of the heart. (Dorland, 28th ed)Ventricular Fibrillation: A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.Electrocardiography: Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.Purkinje Fibers: Modified cardiac muscle fibers composing the terminal portion of the heart conduction system.Endocardial Cushion Defects: A spectrum of septal defects involving the ATRIAL SEPTUM; VENTRICULAR SEPTUM; and the atrioventricular valves (TRICUSPID VALVE; BICUSPID VALVE). These defects are due to incomplete growth and fusion of the ENDOCARDIAL CUSHIONS which are important in the formation of two atrioventricular canals, site of future atrioventricular valves.Cardiac Pacing, Artificial: Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.Tachycardia, Ventricular: An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).Body Surface Potential Mapping: Recording of regional electrophysiological information by analysis of surface potentials to give a complete picture of the effects of the currents from the heart on the body surface. It has been applied to the diagnosis of old inferior myocardial infarction, localization of the bypass pathway in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, recognition of ventricular hypertrophy, estimation of the size of a myocardial infarct, and the effects of different interventions designed to reduce infarct size. The limiting factor at present is the complexity of the recording and analysis, which requires 100 or more electrodes, sophisticated instrumentation, and dedicated personnel. (Braunwald, Heart Disease, 4th ed)Quail: Common name for two distinct groups of BIRDS in the order GALLIFORMES: the New World or American quails of the family Odontophoridae and the Old World quails in the genus COTURNIX, family Phasianidae.Heart Septum: This structure includes the thin muscular atrial septum between the two HEART ATRIA, and the thick muscular ventricular septum between the two HEART VENTRICLES.Models, Cardiovascular: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.Mesoderm: The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.Atrial Function: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the HEART ATRIA.Catheter Ablation: Removal of tissue with electrical current delivered via electrodes positioned at the distal end of a catheter. Energy sources are commonly direct current (DC-shock) or alternating current at radiofrequencies (usually 750 kHz). The technique is used most often to ablate the AV junction and/or accessory pathways in order to interrupt AV conduction and produce AV block in the treatment of various tachyarrhythmias.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Myocardial Contraction: Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.Morphogenesis: The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.Myocytes, Cardiac: Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).Papillary Muscles: Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.Chick Embryo: The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.Endomyocardial Fibrosis: A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).Electrophysiology: The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.Receptor, TIE-2: A TIE receptor tyrosine kinase that is found almost exclusively on ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. It is required for both normal embryonic vascular development (NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGIC) and tumor angiogenesis (NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC).Zebrafish: An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.Cardiomyopathies: A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).4-Aminopyridine: One of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, with secondary effect on calcium currents, which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes.LIM-Homeodomain Proteins: A subclass of LIM domain proteins that include an additional centrally-located homeodomain region that binds AT-rich sites on DNA. Many LIM-homeodomain proteins play a role as transcriptional regulators that direct cell fate.Fetal Heart: The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.Coronary Circulation: The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Ventricular Function, Left: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left HEART VENTRICLE. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance.Arrhythmias, Cardiac: Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.Myocardial Ischemia: A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).Cicatrix: The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive: A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease in which the ventricular walls are excessively rigid, impeding ventricular filling. It is marked by reduced diastolic volume of either or both ventricles but normal or nearly normal systolic function. It may be idiopathic or associated with other diseases (ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS or AMYLOIDOSIS) causing interstitial fibrosis.Cardiomyopathy, Dilated: A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia: A congenital cardiomyopathy that is characterized by infiltration of adipose and fibrous tissue into the RIGHT VENTRICLE wall and loss of myocardial cells. Primary injuries usually are at the free wall of right ventricular and right atria resulting in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.

Effect of warfarin on the induction and course of experimental endocarditis. (1/971)

The effect of warfarin treatment on an experimental endocarditis was studied in rabbits. Warfarin had no effect on the induction of a Streptococcus sanguis infection in catheter-induced endocardial vegetations, and the course of this infection was also unaltered. However, warfarin treatment resulted in rapidly progressive bacteremia, probably due to impaired circulation in clearing organs such as the lungs, liver, and spleen. Warfarin also reduced the survival time of the infected rabbits, in which pulmonary edema and extensive lung hemorrhages may have been a contributory factor.  (+info)

Enteroviral RNA replication in the myocardium of patients with left ventricular dysfunction and clinically suspected myocarditis. (2/971)

BACKGROUND: Previous studies dealing with the detection of enteroviral RNA in human endomyocardial biopsies have not differentiated between latent persistence of the enteroviral genome and active viral replication. Enteroviruses that are considered important factors for the development of myocarditis have a single-strand RNA genome of positive polarity that is transcribed by a virus-encoded RNA polymerase into a minus-strand mRNA during active viral replication. The synthesis of multiple copies of minus-strand enteroviral RNA therefore occurs only at sites of active viral replication but not in tissues with mere persistence of the viral genome. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated enteroviral RNA replication versus enteroviral RNA persistence in endomyocardial biopsies of 45 patients with left ventricular dysfunction and clinically suspected myocarditis. Using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with Southern blot hybridization, we established a highly sensitive assay to specifically detect plus-strand versus minus-strand enteroviral RNA in the biopsies. Plus-strand enteroviral RNA was detected in endomyocardial biopsies of 18 (40%) of 45 patients, whereas minus-strand RNA as an indication of active enteroviral RNA replication was detected in only 10 (56%) of these 18 plus-strand-positive patients. Enteroviral RNA was not found in biopsies of the control group (n=26). CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that a significant fraction of patients with left ventricular dysfunction and clinically suspected myocarditis had active enteroviral RNA replication in their myocardium (22%). Differentiation between patients with active viral replication and latent viral persistence should be particularly important in future studies evaluating different therapeutic strategies. In addition, molecular genetic detection of enteroviral genome and differentiation between replicating versus persistent viruses is possible in a single endomyocardial biopsy.  (+info)

Regional electrophysiological effects of hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia and hyponatraemia in isolated rabbit hearts in normal and ischaemic conditions. (3/971)

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to establish an isolated working heart model for electrophysiological recordings from the epicardium and endocardium and to examine regional effects of changes in ion concentrations in normal and ischaemic conditions. METHODS: Monophasic action potential duration (MAPD90), effective refractory period (ERP) and conduction delay were measured simultaneously in the epicardium and endocardium of rabbit hearts paced at 3.3 Hz, subjected to 30 min of regional ischaemia and 15 min of reperfusion. The hearts were exposed before and throughout ischaemia and reperfusion to hypokalaemia (K+ = 2 mM), hypomagnesaemia (Mg2+ = 0.5 mM) or hyponatraemia (Na+ = 110 mM). RESULTS: In the control hearts, no regional electrophysiological differences were seen before ischaemia, but ischaemia-induced MAPD90 shortening and postrepolarisation refractoriness were greater in the epicardium than in the endocardium and conduction delay increased only in the epicardium. Hypokalaemia shortened ERP in the epicardium (but not endocardium) and increased conduction delay in all areas before ischaemia, but it had no effects during ischaemia. During reperfusion hypokalaemia increased the incidence of recurrent tachyarrhythmias. Hypomagnesaemia had no effect before ischaemia, increased epicardial (but not endocardial) MAPD90 shortening during ischaemia, although it had no pro-arrhythmic action. Hyponatraemia increased conduction delay in all areas before ischaemia and produced asystole or severe bradycardia in all hearts. During ischaemia, hyponatraemia decreased ERP shortening and inducibility of arrhythmias in the epicardium (but not endocardium). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the more pronounced effect of ischaemia upon the epicardium than the endocardium can be explained by the contact of the endocardium with intracavitary perfusate. We also conclude that changes in ion concentrations may have differential regional electrical effects in normal or ischaemic conditions.  (+info)

Requirement of type III TGF-beta receptor for endocardial cell transformation in the heart. (4/971)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling is mediated by a complex of type I (TBRI) and type II (TBRII) receptors. The type III receptor (TBRIII) lacks a recognizable signaling domain and has no clearly defined role in TGF-beta signaling. Cardiac endothelial cells that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation express TBRIII, and here TBRIII-specific antisera were found to inhibit mesenchyme formation and migration in atrioventricular cushion explants. Misexpression of TBRIII in nontransforming ventricular endothelial cells conferred transformation in response to TGF-beta2. These results support a model where TBRIII localizes transformation in the heart and plays an essential, nonredundant role in TGF-beta signaling.  (+info)

Bulbus arteriosus of the antarctic teleosts. I. The white-blooded Chionodraco hamatus. (5/971)

The bulbus arteriosus of teleost fish is a thick-walled chamber that extends between the single ventricle and the ventral aorta. The functional importance of the bulbus resides in the fact that it maintains a steady blood flow into the gill system through heart contraction. Despite of this, a thorough study of the structure of the bulbus in teleost fish is still lacking. We have undertaken a morphologic study of the bulbus arteriosus in the stenothermal teleosts of the Antarctic sea. The structural organization of the bulbus arteriosus of the icefish Chionodraco hamatus has been studied here by conventional light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The inner surface of the bulbus shows a festooned appearance due to the presence of longitudinal, unbranched ridges that extend between the ventricle and the arterial trunk. The wall of the bulbus is divided into endocardial, subendocardial, middle, and external layers. Endocardial cells show a large number of moderately-dense bodies. The endocardium invaginates into the subendocardium forming solid epithelial cords that contain numerous secretory vacuoles. Cells in the subendocardium group into small domains, have some of the morphological characteristics of smooth muscle cells, and appear enmeshed in a three-dimensional network of matrix filaments. Cells in the middle layer are typical smooth muscle cells. They appear arranged into layers and are surrounded by a filamentous meshwork that excludes collagen fibers. Orientation of this meshwork occurs in the vicinity of the smooth muscle cells. Elastin fibers are never observed. The external layer is formed by wavy collagen bundles and fibroblast-like cells. This layer lacks blood vessels and nerve fibers. The endocardium and the endocardium-derived cords are secretory epithelia that may be involved in the formation ofmucins or glycosaminoglycans. These mucins may have a protecting effect on the endocardium. The subendocardium and the middle layer appear to be formed by the same cell type, smooth muscle, with a gradient of differentiation from the secretory (subendocardium) to the contractile (middle layer) phenotype. Despite the absence of elastin fibers, the filamentous matrix could maintain the elastic properties of the bulbus wall. Smooth muscle cells appear to be actively involved in bulbus wall dynamics. The restriction of collagen to the external layer suggests that it may control wall dilatation and bulbus compliance. When comparison was possible, structural differences between C. hamatus and temperate teleosts seemed to be not species-related, but of phenotypic adaptative significance. This is remarkable since Antarctic fishes have lived isolated in freezing waters for the last two million years.  (+info)

Fas expression and apoptosis correlate with cardiac dysfunction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. (6/971)

Fas is a transmembranous glycoprotein that mediates apoptosis. To elucidate the roles of Fas and of myocyte apoptosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the expression of Fas and the fragmentation of DNA were compared in endomyocardial biopsy specimens obtained from patients with DCM. Endomyocardial biopsy was performed on 19 subjects (16 with DCM and 3 control subjects) who also underwent cardiac catheterization and echocardiography. Fas and bcl-2 expression were assayed immunohistochemically, and in situ TdT staining was performed to estimate the number of apoptotic cells. Samples from the DCM patients stained more intensely with anti-Fas antibody than those from control patients (p<0.05). The percentage of in situ TdT-positive cells was significantly higher in the DCM group than in the control group (p<0.05). A correlation between Fas expression and in situ TdT staining was observed in 67% of myocytes in the DCM group. Moreover, the percentage of in situ TdT staining was significantly higher in subjects with severely impaired left ventricular systolic function than in those whose systolic function was mild to moderately impaired, or who had normal systolic function (p<0.05). The samples showed little expression of bcl-2. These results suggest that Fas expression and apoptosis may be involved in the progression of cardiac dysfunction in DCM.  (+info)

Tracheal aspirate as a substrate for polymerase chain reaction detection of viral genome in childhood pneumonia and myocarditis. (7/971)

BACKGROUND: Infectious respiratory disorders are important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Viral causes are common and may lead to rapid deterioration, requiring mechanical ventilation; myocardial dysfunction may accompany respiratory decompensation. The etiologic viral diagnosis may be difficult with classic methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a diagnostic method for identification of causative agents. METHODS AND RESULTS: PCR was used to amplify sequences of viruses known to cause childhood viral pneumonia and myocarditis. Oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify specific sequences of DNA virus (adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and Epstein-Barr virus) and RNA virus (enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A, and influenza B) genomes. Tracheal aspirate samples were obtained from 32 intubated patients and nucleic acid extracted before PCR. PCR results were compared with results of culture, serology, and antigen detection methods when available. In cases of myocarditis (n=7), endomyocardial biopsy samples were analyzed by PCR and compared with tracheal aspirate studies. PCR amplification of viral genome occurred in 18 of 32 samples (56%), with 3 samples PCR positive for 2 viral genomes. Amplified viral sequences included RSV (n=3), enterovirus (n=5), cytomegalovirus (n=4), adenovirus (n=3), herpes simplex virus (n=2), Epstein-Barr virus (n=1), influenza A (n=2), and influenza B (n=1). All 7 cases of myocarditis amplified the same viral genome from heart as found by tracheal aspirate. CONCLUSIONS: PCR is a rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool in cases of viral pneumonia with or without myocarditis, and tracheal aspirate appears to be excellent for analysis.  (+info)

Oxidized low-density lipoproteins induce apoptosis in aortic and endocardial endothelial cells. (8/971)

AIM: To examine whether oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) might induce apoptosis in bovine aortic and endocardial endothelial cells (BAEC and BEEC). METHODS: Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were isolated from healthy human plasma by ultracentrifugation and oxidized by CuSO4 10 mumol.L-1. BAEC and BEEC were incubated in a medium containing ox-LDL, LDL, or phosphate-buffer solution (PBS) as control. DNA fragmentation was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis and determined quantitatively using Hoechst-33258 fluorochrome. RESULTS: Ox-LDL, not LDL, elicited typical apoptotic changes and DNA fragmentation in BAEC and BEEC. In BAEC, dextran sulfate, and cicloheximide (Cic) exhibited no effect on DNA fragmentation induced by ox-LDL. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) 20 mumol.L-1 completely inhibited Cu(2+)-mediated oxidation of LDL as well as the apoptosis-inducing effect of Cu(2+)-exposed LDL. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) did not elicit DNA fragmentation in BAEC and in BEEC. DNA fragmentation induced by ox-LDL in BAEC and in BEEC was blocked by chelating the calcium of the culture medium by egtazic acid. CONCLUSION: Ox-LDL induces apoptosis in BAEC and BEEC without involving the LPC.  (+info)

Validation of a New Noncontact Catheter System for Electroanatomic Mapping of Left Ventricular Endocardium | CirculationValidation of a New Noncontact Catheter System for Electroanatomic Mapping of Left Ventricular Endocardium | Circulation
Attempts to accurately map the LV endocardial surface originated with single catheters used to sequentially map point by point.3 Anatomic location has been crudely assessed by use of fluoroscopy. Attempts to increase the number of simultaneously mapped sites include increasing the number of electrodes on each catheter, increasing the number of catheters,4 and creating different catheter shapes.5 6 None of these techniques allow for rapid and anatomically accurate mapping of the entire endocardial surface. Furthermore, the ability to guide an additional EP catheter to a specific site can be impeded by the presence of other catheters used in the mapping process.5 Using a special catheter containing a magnetic field sensor along with a magnetic field emitter located beneath the patient table (Carto, Biosense), Gepstein et al7 created anatomically accurate global activation maps. Activation maps were sequentially constructed by use of contact electrograms from the catheter tip. The obvious ...
Heterogeneity of the action potential in isolated rat ventricular myocytes and tissue. | Circulation ResearchHeterogeneity of the action potential in isolated rat ventricular myocytes and tissue. | Circulation Research
The objectives of this study were to measure action potential parameters in enzyme-dissociated, adult rat ventricular myocytes stimulated at 1 Hz, to compare these measurements with those obtained from intact ventricular tissue, and to determine myocyte and tissue responses at stimulus frequencies between 0.1 and 5 Hz. Action potentials were characterized in terms of amplitude, overshoot, resting potential, duration at 25% and 75% repolarization (APD25, APD75), and Vmax. Based on statistical differences in APD25 and APD75, myocyte action potentials were classified as type I (3.1 +/- 1.0 and 21.5 +/- 3.6 msec), type II (7.4 +/- 1.1 and 38.2 +/- 6.7 msec), or type III (14.5 +/- 1.9 and 46.0 +/- 4.1 msec). Action potentials corresponding to type I were found in right ventricular endocardium and right papillary muscles, and those corresponding to types II and III in the left ventricular endocardium [apex, middle (II); base (III)] and left papillary muscles (II). Myocytes and papillary muscles ...
Expression of natriuretic peptide in ventricular myocardium of failing human hearts and its correlation with the severity of...Expression of natriuretic peptide in ventricular myocardium of failing human hearts and its correlation with the severity of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Expression of natriuretic peptide in ventricular myocardium of failing human hearts and its correlation with the severity of clinical and hemodynamic impairment. AU - Arbustini, Eloisa. AU - Pucci, Angela. AU - Grasso, Maurizia. AU - Diegoli, Marta. AU - Pozzi, Roberto. AU - Gavazzi, Antonello. AU - Graziano, Gabriella. AU - Campana, Carlo. AU - Goggi, Claudio. AU - Martinelli, Luigi. AU - Silini, Enrico. AU - Specchia, Giuseppe. AU - Vigano, Mario. AU - Solcia, Enrico. PY - 1990/10/15. Y1 - 1990/10/15. N2 - Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was immunohistochemically investigated in (1) right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 87 apparently healthy donor hearts taken from victims of cerebral accidents; (2) 1 normal heart not suitable for transplantation (HBsAg carrier); (3) right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 151 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DC); and (4) 57 explanted hearts, 26 with DC and 31 with ischemic heart disease. No ANP ...
The heart endocardium is derived from vascular endothelial progenitorsThe heart endocardium is derived from vascular endothelial progenitors
The embryonic heart is composed of two cell layers: the myocardium, which contributes to cardiac muscle tissue, and the endocardium, which covers the inner lumen of the heart. Whereas significant progress has been made toward elucidating the embryonic origins of the myocardium, the origins of the endocardium remain unclear. Here, we have identified an endocardium-forming field medial to the cardiac crescent, in a continuum with the endothelial plexus. In vivo live imaging of quail embryos revealed that endothelial progenitors, like second/anterior heart field progenitors, migrate to, and enter, the heart from the arterial pole. Furthermore, embryonic endothelial cells implanted into the cardiac crescent contribute to the endocardium, but not to the myocardium. In mouse, lineage analysis focusing on endocardial cells revealed an unexpected heterogeneity in the origins of the endocardium. To gain deeper insight into this heterogeneity, we conditionally ablated Flk1 in distinct cardiovascular ...
Comparative Evaluation of Left and Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy | CirculationComparative Evaluation of Left and Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy | Circulation
Background- Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) represents the gold standard for diagnosing myocarditis and nonischemic cardiomyopathies. This study focuses on the risk of complications and the respective diagnostic performance of left ventricular (LV), right ventricular (RV), or biventricular EMB in patients with suspected myocarditis and/or cardiomyopathy of unknown origin.. Methods and Results- In this 2-center study, 755 patients with clinically suspected myocarditis (n=481) and/or cardiomyopathy of nonischemic origin including those with infiltrative or connective tissue disease (n=274) underwent either selective LV-EMB (n=265; 35.1%), selective RV-EMB (n=133; 17.6%), or biventricular EMB (n=357; 47.3%) after coronary angiography and exclusion of significant coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, including late gadolinium enhancement, imaging was performed in 540 patients (71.5%). The major complication rate for LV-EMB was 0.64% and for RV-EMB, 0.82%. Considering postprocedural ...
Increased von Willebrand factor in the endocardium as a local predisposing factor for thrombogenesis in overloaded human atrial...Increased von Willebrand factor in the endocardium as a local predisposing factor for thrombogenesis in overloaded human atrial...
In the present study, it is noteworthy that only focal or little immunoreactive vWF was found in the endocardium of noncardiac patients with none of the clinical high-risk predictors for thromboembolism, whereas vWF was apparent in the endothelium of intramyocardial vessels of the same cases. We confirmed that immunoreactivity for other endothelial cell markers, CD31, CD34 and eNOS, was maintained in the endocardial endothelium as well as in the vessel endothelium. Our observations suggest that in noncardiac patients, the endocardial endothelium of the atrial appendage is selectively deficient in vWF, which has been used as an endothelial cell marker in human vessels (19,20). However, this is not surprising because Yamamoto et al. (21)have recently reported that vWF is differentially expressed in endothelial cells among different tissues or organs in mice.. On the other hand, increased immunoreactivity for vWF in the endocardium was found particularly in the left, compared with the right, atrial ...
Myocardium and BMP signaling are required for endocardial differentiation | DevelopmentMyocardium and BMP signaling are required for endocardial differentiation | Development
Endocardial and myocardial progenitors originate in distinct regions of the anterior lateral plate mesoderm and migrate to the midline where they coalesce to form the cardiac tube. Endocardial progenitors acquire a molecular identity distinct from other vascular endothelial cells and initiate expression of specific genes such as nfatc1. Yet the molecular pathways and tissue interactions involved in establishing endocardial identity are poorly understood. The endocardium develops in tight association with cardiomyocytes. To test for a potential role of the myocardium in endocardial morphogenesis, we used two different zebrafish models deficient in cardiomyocytes: the hand2 mutant and a myocardial-specific genetic ablation method. We show that in hand2 mutants endocardial progenitors migrate to the midline but fail to assemble into a cardiac cone and do not express markers of differentiated endocardium. Endocardial differentiation defects were rescued by myocardial but not endocardial-specific ...
Computational Cardiology: The Heart of the Matter : Figure 2Computational Cardiology: The Heart of the Matter : Figure 2
Figure 2: (a), (b) Clinical MRI scan of an infarcted patient heart and the corresponding segmentation. (c) 3D geometric model of the patient heart with the epicardium and the infarct border zone rendered semitransparent. (d) Estimated fiber orientations. (e) Simulated activation map of ventricular tachycardia (VT) revealing reentry on the left ventricular endocardium. VT frequency is 3.05 Hz. Figure modified from [29 ...
Differences in the electrophysiological response of canine ventricular subendocardium and subepicardium to acetylcholine and...Differences in the electrophysiological response of canine ventricular subendocardium and subepicardium to acetylcholine and...
A prolongation of the ventricular effective refractory period in response to cholinergic agonists or vagal stimulation has been demonstrated in a number of in vivo animal models. However, exposure of isolated myocardial tissues obtained from these hearts to as much as 10(-4) M acetylcholine has been shown to produce essentially no change in action potential duration or effective refractory period. The discrepancy between the in vivo and in vitro findings generally has been explained on the basis of accentuated antagonism, whereby parasympathetic agonists exert their influence through antagonism of the effects of beta-adrenergic tone in vivo. The fact that acetylcholine exerts little if any direct effect on the electrical activity of ventricular myocardium, although well accepted, is based exclusively on studies performed using endocardial preparations. Our recent demonstration of major electrophysiological differences between canine ventricular endocardium and epicardium prompted us to examine ...
Average visual score for endocardial border delineation | Open-iAverage visual score for endocardial border delineation | Open-i
Average visual score for endocardial border delineation for short-axis and long-axis cine-imaging at rest and maximum dobutamine stress. Values are expressed as
Sites of Focal Atrial Activity Characterized by Endocardial Mapping During Atrial Fibrillation | JACC: Journal of the American...Sites of Focal Atrial Activity Characterized by Endocardial Mapping During Atrial Fibrillation | JACC: Journal of the American...
Atrial focal activity has been demonstrated by high-density epicardial mapping (11-13), but to date this has not been feasible by endocardial mapping with conventional catheters. Using a novel multispine mapping catheter applied to the atrial endocardium, we have been able to map both the direction of wave front propagation and the site of earliest local atrial activation during AF. A centrifugal activation pattern is described by activation spreading from center to periphery in all five spines of this mapping catheter, excluding any entry of wave fronts from outside the mapping area; under such circumstances, the center of the mapping area most likely represents a focal source of activity. This has been confirmed in patients with focal atrial tachycardia where sites demonstrating an identical pattern of centrifugal activation were successful targets for catheter ablation (15). Although a centrifugal activation pattern may reflect endocardial breakthrough from the epicardium (for example, if ...
Reentry in survived subepicardium coupled to depolarized and inexcitable midmyocardium: insights into arrhythmogenesis in...Reentry in survived subepicardium coupled to depolarized and inexcitable midmyocardium: insights into arrhythmogenesis in...
BACKGROUND: Delayed ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia (1B arrhythmias) are associated with an increase in tissue impedance and are most likely sustained in a thin subepicardial layer. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that heterogeneous uncoupling between depolarized midmyocardium and surviving subepicardium results in heterogeneous refractoriness in the latter, providing the reentry substrate after a premature beat. METHODS: A 3-dimensional bidomain slab was constructed comprising a normal subepicardial layer coupled to a slightly depolarized (-80 to -60 mV) but inexcitable midmyocardium. Experimentally measured tissue impedance served as input for the model. Four stages of heterogeneous uncoupling between the 2 layers were simulated, each corresponding to an experimental ischemic impedance value. Effective refractory periods (ERP), conduction velocities, and inducibility of reentry were examined. RESULTS: Heterogeneous uncoupling resulted in
EndocardiumEndocardium
... The inner surfaces of the heart s chambers are lined with a thin sheet of shiny, white tissue known as the endocardium. The same type of tissue, more broadly referred to as endothelium, also lines the body s blood vessels, forming one continuous lining throughout the circulatory system. This lining helps blood flow smoothly and prevents blood clots from forming inside the circulatory system.. ...
Porcine ventricular endocardial cells in culture express the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase -ORCAPorcine ventricular endocardial cells in culture express the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase -ORCA
1. We have investigated whether porcine endocardial cells in culture express the inducible, Ca(2+)-independent form of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. 2. NO synthase activity in cytosolic extracts of endocardial cells was measured by estimation of the rate of formation of L-[14C]-citrulline from L-[14C]-arginine. 3. Treatment of the cells in culture with lipopolysaccharide or cytokines induced a Ca(2+)-independent NO synthase activity in the cell cytosol. The combination of tumour necrosis factor (TNF alpha, 10 ng ml-1) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta, 10 ng ml-1) induced the greatest enzyme activity. 4. The increased Ca(2+)-independent NO synthase activity following exposure to cytokines was paralleled by an increase in guanosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) levels in the endocardial cell cytosol. 5. Simultaneous addition of dexamethasone (0.01-1 microM) or cycloheximide (0.03-3 microM) inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner TNF alpha- and IL-1 beta-induced expression of ...
Vascular endothelial and endocardial progenitors differentiate as cardiomyocytes in the absence of Etsrp/Etv2 function |...Vascular endothelial and endocardial progenitors differentiate as cardiomyocytes in the absence of Etsrp/Etv2 function |...
The heart is composed of diverse muscle and non-muscle cell lineages. Until recently, it has been believed that cardiac progenitor cells commit early during development to exclusively generate cardiomyocytes, whereas other heart lineages such as endocardial cells are specified independently. However, a growing body of evidence from multiple laboratories suggest that, with respect to lineage diversification, there may be a single stem/progenitor cell that can generate all major cell types during heart formation (Kattman et al., 2006; Moretti et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2008). However, signaling pathways that direct the formation of these cell lineages remain to be elucidated.. Although it is difficult to study cardiovascular lineage formation in mammals due to embryo inaccessibility, the zebrafish offers an advantageous in vivo system to dissect the mechanisms of cardiovascular lineage formation. Similar to mammalian embryos, zebrafish endocardial, myocardial and vascular ...
Endocardial cell epithelial-mesenchymal transformation requires Type III TGFβ receptor interaction with GIPC. | Scholars@DukeEndocardial cell epithelial-mesenchymal transformation requires Type III TGFβ receptor interaction with GIPC. | [email protected]
Endocardial cell epithelial-mesenchymal transformation requires Type III TGFβ receptor interaction with GIPC.s profile, publications, research topics, and co-authors
EKG - Ischemia - ransquaredEKG - Ischemia - ransquared
The endocardium is less dependent on the epicardial vessels because of it has multiple anastomoses and feeds through diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from the ventricular lumen. However, the endocardium is very sensitive to demand mismatches, especially in the context of existing stenosis, because the inner most portion of the heart also squeezes the tightest. When intramural wall pressure increases, it is akin to squeezing your hand until it turns white - there is no nutrient delivery. The first phase of injury is delayed repolarization of the endocardium, which causes a large, fat Tw. This is the pathophysiology of the hyperacute Tw or pseudonormalization. The second phase of injury is incomplete return to resting membrane potential, which causes TP elevation and the illusion of ST depression. This is also why ST depressions are very inaccurate at localizing or predicting critical coronary occlusion - the endocardium is less dependent on the epicardial vessels ...
Left ventricular rotational mechanics in patients with coronary artery disease: differences in subendocardial and subepicardial...Left ventricular rotational mechanics in patients with coronary artery disease: differences in subendocardial and subepicardial...
Results Compared with normal subjects, peak subendocardial LV twist was significantly impaired in patients with STEMI (11.2±6.0° vs 15.3±2.7°, p,0.001). In patients with chronic HF, peak subendocardial LV twist was even more impaired (4.6±3.4°, p,0.001 vs normal subjects and patients with STEMI). Conversely, peak subepicardial LV twist was not statistically different between normal subjects and patients with STEMI (8.9±1.9° vs 8.4±4.4°, p=0.98), whereas it was significantly impaired in patients with chronic HF (2.6±2.5°, p,0.001 vs normal subjects and patients with STEMI). Peak subendocardial LV twist was not statistically different between large and small STEMI, whereas peak subepicardial LV twist was significantly lower in large STEMI than in small STEMI (7.1±4.8° vs 9.6±3.6°, p=0.025). ...
What is the culprit artery? Not what you think.What is the culprit artery? Not what you think.
In this case, the thrombus in the circumflex on day 1 was non-occlusive, resulting in subendocardial ischemia that manifested as ST depression in many leads. It is tempting to say that the ST depression was "posterior STEMI" on these initial ECGs, but that is not so. The ST depression was not V1-V3 (as in posterior STEMI), but rather V3-V6 (which is what is seen in subendocardial ischemia). Furthermore, there was ST depression in I, II, III, and aVF. The ST depression vector was inferior and anterior, with a reciprocal ST elevation vector that is superior (resulting in STE in aVR). ...
Difference between revisions of Annotation Conf. Call 2015-10-27 - GO WikiDifference between revisions of "Annotation Conf. Call 2015-10-27" - GO Wiki
It is possible that the eye/head phenotype is a secondary phenotype. What is the timing of the different organs development during zebrafish embryogenesis? Would this help to determine the likelihood of a secondary phenotype? Are there other mutations that affect heart development but not development of these other tissues? (Kimberly) - The terms including "development", "morphogenesis", "formation" are confusing. What is the difference? Which one should we use in this context? - Statements from paper: Figure 1. (i-k) Both the myocardium (green) and the endocardium (red) are substantially smaller in the mutant and the morphant, and no cavity is visible inside the heart lumen. Figure 4. (a,f) The endocardium of the mutant was extremely shrunken and the space between the myocardium and endocardium was much wider than that of the wild-type. Example: ...
Usefulness of electrophysiologic study and endomyocardial biopsy in differentiating arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia...Usefulness of electrophysiologic study and endomyocardial biopsy in differentiating arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia...
Fifteen patients with right ventricular tachycardia without evidence of coronary artery disease or dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were evaluated, by means of electrophysiologic study and right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. Six cases were
Endocardial Fibroelastosis Differential DiagnosesEndocardial Fibroelastosis Differential Diagnoses
The term endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) was introduced by Weinberg and Himmelfarb in 1943. Endocardial fibroelastosis refers to a pronounced, diffuse thickening of the ventricular endocardium and presents as unexplained heart failure in infants and children.
Purkinje-muscle coupling and endocardial response to hyperkalemia, hypoxia, and acidosis<...Purkinje-muscle coupling and endocardial response to hyperkalemia, hypoxia, and acidosis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Purkinje-muscle coupling and endocardial response to hyperkalemia, hypoxia, and acidosis. AU - Gilmour, R. F.. AU - Evans, J. J.. AU - Zipes, D. P.. PY - 1984. Y1 - 1984. N2 - Previously we found that combined hyperkalemia, hypoxia, and acidosis depressed the electrical activity of canine epicardium more than that of endocardium or Purkinje fibers. In this study, we determined whether the resistance of endocardium to these components of ischemia was due to electrotonic interactions with Purkinje fibers. The effects of combined hyperkalemia, hypoxia, and acidosis were tested on endocardial cells that were electrically uncoupled from Purkinje cells (uncoupled endocardium), due to their location or to prior exposure to elevated [Ca2+]. During control, action potentials in uncoupled endocardium had shorter durations than endocardium coupled to Purkinje (coupled endocardium), but had similar amplitudes, upstroke velocities, and resting potentials. During combined hyperkalemia, ...
Is the chest pain in cardiac syndrome X due to subendocardial ischaemia?<...Is the chest pain in cardiac syndrome X due to subendocardial ischaemia?<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Is the chest pain in cardiac syndrome X due to subendocardial ischaemia?. AU - Camici, Paolo G.. PY - 2002/11/1. Y1 - 2002/11/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0036874995&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0036874995&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. C2 - 12506518. AN - SCOPUS:0036874995. VL - 3. SP - 623. EP - 625. JO - Italian Heart Journal. JF - Italian Heart Journal. SN - 1129-471X. IS - 11. ER - ...
Detection of Subendocardial Ischemia in the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Territory With Real-Time Myocardial...Detection of Subendocardial Ischemia in the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Territory With Real-Time Myocardial...
Chronotropic doses of dobutamine have been shown to increase transmural WT, even in perfusion beds subtended by coronary stenoses that range from 30% to 80% in diameter (8). If the stenosis is more severe or if higher doses of dobutamine are used, WT becomes abnormal (2). Transmural myocardial blood flow responses, however, are different, with decreases in myocardial blood flow observed even in milder non-flow limiting stenoses (2). As the stenosis becomes more severe, a marked decrease in subendocardial blood flow has been observed (9-11), with a marked decrease in endocardial/epicardial flow ratios. In this study, RTMCE detected this decrease in endocardial to epicardial blood flow abnormality in 45 of the 55 patients with LAD stenoses ,50%.. Another pertinent pharmacologic property of dobutamine is its ability to recruit the subepicardial layers to thicken. The subendocardium is responsible for over 40% of WT under resting conditions (12,13), and thus resting WT might be abnormal even when ...
C38.0 Malignant tumor of myocardiumC38.0 Malignant tumor of myocardium
Malignant neoplasm of pericardium|Malignant tumor of endocardium|Malignant tumor of endocardium (disorder)|Malignant tumor of heart|Malignant tumor of heart (disorder)|Malignant tumor of myocardium|Malignant tumor of myocardium (disorder)|Malignant tumour of endocardium|Malignant tumour of heart|Malignant tumour of myocardium|Primary malignant neoplasm of endocardium|Primary malignant neoplasm of endocardium (disorder)|Primary malignant neoplasm of epicardium|Primary malignant neoplasm of epicardium (disorder)|Primary malignant neoplasm of heart|Primary malignant neoplasm of heart (disorder)|Primary malignant neoplasm of myocardium|Primary malignant neoplasm of myocardium (disorder)|Primary malignant neoplasm of pericardium|Primary malignant neoplasm of pericardium (disorder)
Angiographic correlations of patients with small vessel disease diagnosed by adenosine-stress cardiac magnetic resonance imagingAngiographic correlations of patients with small vessel disease diagnosed by adenosine-stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with adenosine-stress myocardial perfusion is gaining importance for the detection and quantification of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is little knowledge about patients with CMR-detected ischemia, but having no relevant stenosis as seen on coronary angiography (CA). The aims of our study were to characterize these patients by CMR and CA and evaluate correlations and potential reasons for the ischemic findings. 73 patients with an indication for CA were first scanned on a 1.5T whole-body CMR-scanner including adenosine-stress first-pass perfusion. The images were analyzed by two independent investigators for myocardial perfusion which was classified as subendocardial ischemia (n = 22), no perfusion deficit (n = 27, control 1), or more than subendocardial ischemia (n = 24, control 2). All patients underwent CA, and a highly significant correlation between the classification of CMR perfusion deficit and the degree of coronary luminal ...
Two distinct pools of mesenchyme contribute to the development of the atrial septum. - Oxford Cardiovascular ScienceTwo distinct pools of mesenchyme contribute to the development of the atrial septum. - Oxford Cardiovascular Science
Closure of the primary atrial foramen is achieved by fusion of the atrioventricular cushions with the mesenchymal cap on the leading edge of the muscular primary atrial septum. A fourth component involved is the vestibular spine, originally described by His in 1880 as an intra-cardiac continuation of the extra-cardiac mesenchyme of the dorsal mesocardium. The morphogenesis of this area is of great clinical interest, because of the high incidence of atrial and atrioventricular septal defects. Nonetheless, the origin of the participating components is largely unknown. Here we report that the primary atrial foramen is surrounded in its entirety by mesenchyme derived from endocardium. A second population of mesenchyme not derived from endocardium was observed at the caudal margin of the mesenchymal atrial cap, entirely embedded within the mesenchyme derived from endocardium and contiguous with the mesenchyme of the dorsal mesocardium. Our reconstructions show this second population does indeed take the form
Journal of The Indian Academy of Echocardiography & Cardiovascular Imaging : Table of ContentsJournal of The Indian Academy of Echocardiography & Cardiovascular Imaging : Table of Contents
The stepwise approach in evaluation of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is essential in any patients with dyspnea on exertion or heart failure. Many of them have normal to near-normal ejection fractions (EFs). These subsets of patients are labeled as diastolic heart failure or heart failure with preserved EF. It is important to differentiate diastolic dysfunction from dyspnea of pulmonary origin for further management and future prognosis. LV filling pressures is usually synonymous with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), mean left atrial pressure (LAP), mean LV diastolic pressure, and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). PCWP on the other hand is also an indirect estimate of LV diastolic pressures. LVEDP is often elevated in early diastolic dysfunction because of a large atrial pressure wave, while mean PCWP and LAP remain normal. While mean PCWP and LAP increased during tachycardia and where there is increased LV afterload which is the basis for the diastolic stress test. It is ...
Complications of myocardial infarction - Cardiac OutputComplications of myocardial infarction - Cardiac Output
Early ventricular fibrillation is not related to infarct size. After 24 h ischemic myocytes have either undergone necrosis or recovered, and the risk of ventricular fibrillation diminishes. The majority of the other complications occur in transmural infarcts. Cardiogenic shock is directly related to the proportion of the left ventricular muscle mass which has been lost. Large infarcts are more likely to be anterior because the left anterior descending coronary aretery supplies more than 60 per cent of the myocardial mass.. Cardiogenic shock may lead to an extension of the area of necrosis ( Fig, 2). Myocardial perfusion is dependent on the relation between aortic diastolic pressure and left ventricular cavity pressure. If aortic pressure falls and left ventricular diastolic pressure rises, subendocardial perfusion throughout the whole left ventricle falls; a circumferential zone of subendocardial necrosis occurs and the centers of the papillary muscles also undergo necrosis ( Fig,... . . 2). ...
Simulation studies of the ischemic vulnerability of the subendocardium » Brill OnlineSimulation studies of the ischemic vulnerability of the subendocardium » Brill Online
Changes in the subendo-subepi flow ratio were studied by using a simple electronic circuit model of the coronary vessel consisting of a resistor, capacitor and field effect transistor in order to provide a better understanding of the ischemic vulnerability of the subendocardium. The simulated subendo- subepi flow ratio was found to be approximately 1.2 under normal condition. Changes in the flow ratio were observed while varying the main arterial resistance, mean arterial pressure and intramyocardial pressure individually. The mean flow in the subendocardium was found to decrease at a rate faster than that in the subepicardium with the increase in the septal arterial resistance and the intramyocardial pressure. The same tendency was also observed while the arterial pressure was lowered. This decrease in the mean subendocardial flow is considered to be the effect of higher endsystolic resistance in the subendocardial venule compared to that in the subepicardial venule. These results would be helpful in
Meddygfa Victoria Surgery - Library - Health A-ZMeddygfa Victoria Surgery - Library - Health A-Z
Endocarditis is caused by bacteria in the bloodstream multiplying and spreading across the inner lining of your heart (endocardium). The endocardium becomes inflamed, causing damage to your heart valves.. Your heart is usually well protected against infection so bacteria can pass harmlessly by. However, if your heart valves are damaged or you have an artificial valve, its easier for bacteria to take root and bypass your normal immune response to infection.. Small clumps of bacteria can develop at the site of the infection. Theres a risk of these clumps acting in a similar way to blood clots, travelling away from the heart and blocking the blood supply to the organs. This can cause organ failure or trigger a stroke.. ...
Endocardial Surface Area Tracking for Assessment of Regional LV Wall Deformation With 3D Speckle Tracking Imaging | JACC:...Endocardial Surface Area Tracking for Assessment of Regional LV Wall Deformation With 3D Speckle Tracking Imaging | JACC:...
This experimental study first demonstrated feasibility of a novel echocardiographic parameter that represented regional deformation measured as change in an endocardial area. The parameter, which had significant correlations with both LS and CS components, showed greater changes in ACR compared with 1D strain.. Recently introduced 3D-STI is a robust technology for strain measurements and can provide regional 1D strain (6,7). In addition, the usefulness of 3D-STI in assessing regional wall displacement and strain, LV volume measurements, and LV dyssynchrony has been reported in clinical studies (8-10). In addition, the 3D-STI can track regional endocardial area and calculate changes in an area through the cardiac cycle, because of a 3D imaging system. The unique parameter, ACR, can be measured on the basis of the deformation of regional rectangular or trapezoidal area measured by orthogonal directional data, just as the present study has confirmed that area tracking had significant relations with ...
ZFIN GO: Biological Process: apoptotic process involved in heart valve morphogenesisZFIN GO: Biological Process: apoptotic process involved in heart valve morphogenesis
We welcome your input and comments. Please use this form to recommend updates to the information in ZFIN. We appreciate as much detail as possible and references as appropriate. We will review your comments promptly ...
Cardiac System | NCLEX Review & Nursing SchoolCardiac System | NCLEX Review & Nursing School
The cardiac system which is also known as the circulatory system is composed of the: Heart Blood Blood Vessels Heart: Is located in the mediastinum Composed of the Pericardium (parietal layer & visceral layer) Hearwall (myocardium & endocardium) Valves: Atrioventricular Valves Pulmonary Semilunar Valve Blood Vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries Understand that the heart has four…
Myocardial Border TrackingMyocardial Border Tracking
Describes a sequential approach for the detection of myocardial borders in M-mode echocardiograms, which takes into account physiological knowledge. Initial border estimates are obtained from the output of a cross-correlation detector. These initial observations are improved by combining the extraction of the border pairs associated with the same myocardial wall. A lattice form joint process predictor whose parameters are estimated adaptively is used for this purpose. In addition, a physiological constraint expressed as a linear relationship between the ventricular diameter and the posterior wall thickness is used to improve the detection of the endocardium during systole. Finally, the correlation templates are updated recursively using the intensity profiles surrounding the final border positions. This is accomplished using a new adaptive algorithm that is optimal in the least squares sense. This procedure turns out to be quite efficient in tracking the temporal variations of the myocardial ...
Safety and Efficacy of Gadobutrol 1.0 Molar (Gadavist) in Patients for Central Nervous System (CNS) Imaging - Full Text View -...Safety and Efficacy of Gadobutrol 1.0 Molar (Gadavist) in Patients for Central Nervous System (CNS) Imaging - Full Text View -...
The AR analysis used the mean of the values for the 3 blinded readers. The 3 BRs evaluated the images from the unenhanced MRI in one session and the images from the combined unenhanced and gadobutrol-enhanced MRIs in another. Contrast enhancement was scored on a 4-point scale where 1 = no enhancement and 4 = excellent enhancement. Border delineation was scored on a 4-point scale where 1 = no or unclear delineation and 4 = excellent delineation. Internal morphology was scored on a 3-point scale where 1 = poorly visible and 3 = sufficiently visible ...
Safety and Efficacy of Gadobutrol 1.0 Molar (Gadavist) in Patients for Central Nervous System (CNS) Imaging - Full Text View -...Safety and Efficacy of Gadobutrol 1.0 Molar (Gadavist) in Patients for Central Nervous System (CNS) Imaging - Full Text View -...
The AR analysis used the mean of the values for the 3 blinded readers. The 3 BRs evaluated the images from the unenhanced MRI in one session and the images from the combined unenhanced and gadobutrol-enhanced MRIs in another. Contrast enhancement was scored on a 4-point scale where 1 = no enhancement and 4 = excellent enhancement. Border delineation was scored on a 4-point scale where 1 = no or unclear delineation and 4 = excellent delineation. Internal morphology was scored on a 3-point scale where 1 = poorly visible and 3 = sufficiently visible ...
Uncategorized | wave front acUncategorized | wave front ac
สโมสรอินเตอร์ มิลาน ทีมชื่อดังแห่งเวทีกัลโช่ เซเรีย อิตาลี มีข่าวว่าพวกเขาทำการติดต่อไปหา เลโอนาร์โด้ ชาร์ดิม นายใหญ่ของสโมสรอาแอส โมนาโก ทีมในลีกเอิง ฝรั่งเศส เพื่อหวังคว้าตัวมาคุมทีมในซีซั่นหน้า หลังจากที่พวกเขา อดได้ อันโตนิโอ คอนเต้,เมาริซิโอ โปเช็ตติโน่ รวมไปถึง ดีเอโก้ ซิเมโอเน่ แน่นอนแล้ว และทีมงูใหญ่ ...
Carnegie Stage 17-3 - Reconstruction of the endocardium of the heart and its arterial trunks in embryo No. 6520Carnegie Stage 17-3 - Reconstruction of the endocardium of the heart and its arterial trunks in embryo No. 6520
Reconstruction of the endocardium of the heart and its arterial trunks in No. 6520, a member of the median third of stage 17. It is shown in two parts, A and B. In A, only the derivatives of the primary cardiac tube are shown. In B, enough of the primary tube is removed to expose the venous part of the heart. The latter, being in a contracted state, reveals in an unobstructed view the right and left atrioventricular canals, now clearly separated, each leading forward into its respective ventricle. It will be noted that the primary cardiac tube is connected with the venous part of the heart only at the two atrioventricular junctions. When the latter are severed, the arterial portion can be freely separated from the venous part. In A, the cleavage has not yet crossed the crest of the septum, and both arterial trunks lead off from both ventricles. From the distention of the endocardium of the primary cardiac tube, however, one can see that the left ventricle favors the aorta and the right ventricle ...
Regional electrophysiological effects of left ventricular hypertrophy in isolated rabbit hearts under normal and ischaemic...Regional electrophysiological effects of left ventricular hypertrophy in isolated rabbit hearts under normal and ischaemic...
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been reported to produce differential electrophysiological effects in isolated epicardial and endocardial cells. This study aimed to examine regional electrophysiological effects of LVH in normal and ischaemic conditions in the whole heart. LVH was secondary to perinephritis-induced hypertension. Monophasic action potential duration (MAPD(90)), effective refractory period (ERP) and conduction delay were measured in paced, isolated working rabbit hearts either at one right ventricular and two left ventricular sites (apical and basal epicardium) or at three left ventricular sites (apical and basal epicardium, apical: endocardium). The hearts were subjected to 30 min of regional ischaemia and 15 min of reperfusion. In non-ischaemic conditions, LVH produced uniform prolongation of MAPD(90) and ERP in the left ventricular epicardium, but not in the endocardium. After coronary artery occlusion, LVH significantly increased ischaemia-induced transepicardial ...
glossary:endocarditisglossary:endocarditis
1) Endocarditis is a serious infection of one of the four heart valves. Endocarditis is caused by a growth of bacteria on one of the heart valves, leading to an infected mass called a "vegetation". The infection may be introduced during brief periods of having bacteria in the bloodstream, such as after dental work, colonoscopy, and other similar procedures. (2) The heart is constituted of three types of tissues, which are from out- to inside the heart: the pericardium, the myocardium and the endocardium. The endocardium is therefore the tissue situated on the internal face of the heart, directly in the contact with blood. An endocarditis corresponds to an inflammation (or irritation) of the endocardium or a microbial infection of the endothelial surface of the heart. The most harmed area of the endocardium during an endocarditis is as a rule the one of the cardiac valves, especially if they were injured initially. These valves are to the number of 4: 2 on the right side of the heart and 2 on the ...
The Cspg2 gene, disrupted in the hdf mutant, is required for right cardiac chamber and endocardial cushion formationThe Cspg2 gene, disrupted in the hdf mutant, is required for right cardiac chamber and endocardial cushion formation
The heart defect (hdf) mouse is a recessive lethal that arose from a transgene insertional mutation on chromosome 13. Embryos homozygous for the transgene die in utero by embryonic day 10.5 postcoitus and exhibit specific defects along the anterior-posterior cardiac axis. The future right ventricle …
Subendocardial mineralization | definition of subendocardial mineralization by Medical dictionarySubendocardial mineralization | definition of subendocardial mineralization by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of subendocardial mineralization in the Medical Dictionary? subendocardial mineralization explanation free. What is subendocardial mineralization? Meaning of subendocardial mineralization medical term. What does subendocardial mineralization mean?
Subendocardial - Definition of Subendocardial by Webster DictionarySubendocardial - Definition of Subendocardial by Webster Dictionary
Subendocardial - Definition of Subendocardial and synonyms of Subendocardial are presented by online Websters Dictionary. Includes dictionary browser, morphological search by meaning of Subendocardial, thesaurus, related words, and dictionary browser. Provides Subendocardial usage examples
Epicardial and endocardial ST potential mapping in ischaemia - Open Access RepositoryEpicardial and endocardial ST potential mapping in ischaemia - Open Access Repository
To evaluate the source of ST depression, a sheep model of subendocardial ischaemia using partial coronary artery ligation coupled with atrial pacing was developed. Ischaemia was induced initially in either the left anterior descending coronary artery or the left circumflex coronary artery territory and subsequently in the territory of the other vessel. The ischaemic regions were documented by a fluorescent microsphere technique. During ischaemia potentials were mapped simultaneously from the endocardium and the epicardium. The distributions of epicardial potentials from either ischaemic source were very similar (0.77±0.14, P,0.0001), both showing ST depression on the free wall of the left ventricle, and no association between the ST depression and the ischaemic region. At the same time, the endocardial ST elevation was directly associated with the region of reduced blood flow. Insulating the heart from the surrounding tissue with plastic increased the magnitude of epicardial and endocardial ST ...
Coronary Blood Flow and Myocardial Ischemia | Cardiology Board Review and Self-Assessment: A Companion Guide to Hursts the...Coronary Blood Flow and Myocardial Ischemia | Cardiology Board Review and Self-Assessment: A Companion Guide to Hurst's the...
The answer is B. (Hursts The Heart, 14th Edition, Chap. 34) Experimentally and clinically, maximal hyperemic flow for determining CFR is achieved pharmacologically by arteriolar vasodilating drugs such dipyridamole, adenosine, and regadenoson. Progressive coronary narrowing reduces CFR with little change in resting flow until an approximately 80% to 90% diameter stenosis. At these levels of severe stenosis, resting blood flow falls (option A), but some residual CFR capacity remains upon pharmacologic vasodilator stimulus. Stenosis severe enough to reduce resting perfusion does not elicit all remaining reserve vasodilator capacity because of a self-regulating mechanism that protects subendocardial perfusion. At such severe stenosis reducing resting perfusion, any increase in vasodilator-mediated increased ...
An approach to endomyocardial biopsy interpretation | Journal of Clinical PathologyAn approach to endomyocardial biopsy interpretation | Journal of Clinical Pathology
The easily assessable anatomy of venous return to the heart with peripheral access makes the right ventricle an attractive location for tissue sampling. The interventricular septum is the preferred biopsy site because of its thickness, compared with the right ventricular free wall, its continuity with the left ventricle, and its location in the natural path of blood flow facilitating vascular access. The drawback is that repeated EMB sampling results in a restricted region of endocardium being assessed and may result in interpretive error if the clinician is not aware of this point. The likelihood of free wall perforation and haemopericardium/tamponade is a major reason for consciously avoiding the free wall for biopsy. Fluoroscopy is the standard imaging modality used to guide the biopsy catheter, although echocardiography is now used by some groups, with claims of superior visualisation of heart anatomy and earlier recognition of acute procedural complications.19. The right ventricle has a ...
Intracardiac electrode detection of early ischaemia in man. | HeartIntracardiac electrode detection of early ischaemia in man. | Heart
We have evaluated an intracardiac technique for the study of the electrophysiological patterns of early or subendocardial ischaemia in man. Simultaneous recordings of the paced endocardial evoked response and monophasic action potentials were obtained during pacing stress testing in 10 patients with reversible myocardial ischaemia. Early patterns of change occurred in both these recordings in response to regional ischaemia. Abnormal rate corrected shortening of the local repolarisation time in the paced endocardial evoked response from the left ventricular ischaemic zone diverging from control non-ischaemic values by a mean of 10.6% was paralleled by decreases in the simultaneous paced monophasic action potentials duration. A differential delay in the local activation time and conduction was also documented by the paced endocardial evoked response and monophasic action potential electrodes. Non-ischaemic control zones showed no changes in the pattern of activation and repolarisation. Disparate ...
Repetitive endocardial focal discharges during ventricular fibrillation with prolonged global ischemia in isolated rabbit...Repetitive endocardial focal discharges during ventricular fibrillation with prolonged global ischemia in isolated rabbit...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Repetitive endocardial focal discharges during ventricular fibrillation with prolonged global ischemia in isolated rabbit hearts. AU - Wu, Tsu Juey. AU - Lin, Shien-Fong. AU - Hsieh, Yu Cheng. AU - Chiu, Yung Tsung. AU - Ting, Chih Tai. PY - 2009/10. Y1 - 2009/10. N2 - Background: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) during prolonged (,5 min) global ischemia (GI) could be due to repetitive endocardial focal discharges (REFDs). This hypothesis was tested in isolated rabbit hearts. Methods and Results: With optical mapping, simultaneous endocardial (left ventricle, LV) and epicardial (both ventricles) activations during VF with prolonged GI were studied (protocol I, 8 hearts). Lugol solution was applied to the LV endocardium in additional 5 hearts after 5-min GI (protocol II). During prolonged GI, sustained VF (,30 s) was successfully induced in 7 protocol I hearts. The dominant frequency of summed optical signals at the LV endocardium was higher than at the epicardium (P,0.05). Mapping ...
Chang | Faculty Labs | Research | IU School of MedicineChang | Faculty Labs | Research | IU School of Medicine
Chang CP, Neilson JR, Bayle JH, Gestwicki JE, Kuo A, Graef IA, Crabtree GR. A field of myocardial-endocardial NFAT signaling underlies heart valve morphogenesis. Cell 2004 ;118, 649-663. Cover story. Editorial commentary: Carmeliet P. Sculpting heart valves with NFAT and VEGF. Cell 2004 118, 532-534.. Arron J, Winslow M, Polleri A, Chang CP, Wu H, Gao X, Neilson J, Chen L, Heit J, Kim S, Yamasaki N, Miyakawa T, Francke U, Graef I, Crabtree G. NFAT dysregulation by increased dosage of DSCR1 and DYRK1A on chromosome 21. Nature 2006 ;441(7093):595-600. Wu H, Kao SC, Barriantos T, Baldwin S, Olson E, Crabtree GR, Zhou, B, Chang CP. DSCR1 is a transcriptional target of NFATc1 within the endocardium during heart development. J Biological Chemistry 2007;282(42):30673-9.. Jia Q, McDill BW, Li S, Deng C, Chang CP, Chen F. Smad signaling in the neural crest regulates the cardiac outflow tract remodeling through cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous effects. Developmental Biology 2007; 311(1): ...
Diseases of the Myocardium, Pericardium, and Endocardium | SpringerLinkDiseases of the Myocardium, Pericardium, and Endocardium | SpringerLink
Cardiomyopathies are disorders of the myocardium of unknown cause that are not associated with other disorders (figure 9-1). Specific heart muscle diseases, once known as secondary cardiomyopathies,...
ICD-10 Diagnosis Code I09.1 Rheumatic diseases of endocardium, valve unspecifiedICD-10 Diagnosis Code I09.1 Rheumatic diseases of endocardium, valve unspecified
Diagnosis Code I09.1 information, including descriptions, synonyms, code edits, diagnostic related groups, ICD-9 conversion and references to the diseases index.
3D fusion echocardiography improves 3d left ventricular assessment: Comparison with 2d contrast echocardiography - Radcliffe..."3D fusion" echocardiography improves 3d left ventricular assessment: Comparison with 2d contrast echocardiography - Radcliffe...
© 2014, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Background Three-dimensional fusion echocardiography (3DFE) is a novel postprocessing approach that utilizes imaging data acquired from multiple 3D acquisitions. We assessed image quality, endocardial border definition, and cardiac wall motion in patients using 3DFE compared to standard 3D images (3D) and results obtained with contrast echocardiography (2DC). Methods Twenty-four patients (mean age 66.9 ± 13 years, 17 males, 7 females) undergoing 2DC had three, noncontrast, 3D apical volumes acquired at rest. Images were fused using an automated image fusion approach. Quality of the 3DFE was compared to both 3D and 2DC based on contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and endocardial border definition. We then compared clinical wall-motion score index (WMSI) calculated from 3DFE and 3D to those obtained from 2DC images. Results Fused 3D volumes had significantly improved CNR (8.92 ± 1.35 vs. 6.59 ± 1.19, P | 0.0005) and segmental image quality (2.42 ± 0.99 vs. 1.93 ± 1.18, P
Five Primary Patterns of Ischemic ST depression, without ST elevation. Some are STEMI-equivalents.Five Primary Patterns of Ischemic ST depression, without ST elevation. Some are STEMI-equivalents.
If the ST depression vector is inferior and leftward, there is a lot of ST depression in inferior and left lateral leads, and corresponding ST elevation in aVR (superior and rightward), towards the base (top) of the heart. (There may also be ST elevation in right sided leads but NOT due to RV MI). Unless there is a concomitant anterior STEMI (high occlusion resulting in STEMI of anterior and basal walls), STE in aVR is not a STEMI in lead aVR; rather the STE in aVR is reciprocal to a leftward and inferior ST depression axis caused by diffuse subendocardial ischemia. ...
Five Primary Patterns of Ischemic ST depression, without ST elevation. Some are STEMI-equivalents.Five Primary Patterns of Ischemic ST depression, without ST elevation. Some are STEMI-equivalents.
If the ST depression vector is inferior and leftward, there is a lot of ST depression in inferior and left lateral leads, and corresponding ST elevation in aVR (superior and rightward), towards the base (top) of the heart. (There may also be ST elevation in right sided leads but NOT due to RV MI). Unless there is a concomitant anterior STEMI (high occlusion resulting in STEMI of anterior and basal walls), STE in aVR is not a STEMI in lead aVR; rather the STE in aVR is reciprocal to a leftward and inferior ST depression axis caused by diffuse subendocardial ischemia. ...
Equal stroke volumes, different costs: left ventricular 4D flow in normal and failing hearts | Springer for Research &...Equal stroke volumes, different costs: left ventricular 4D flow in normal and failing hearts | Springer for Research &...
In ten patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (6 females, 49±14 years [mean±SD]) and ten healthy subjects (4 female, 44±17 years), 4D phase-contrast CMR velocity data and morphological data were acquired at 1.5T (Philips Achieva). A previously validated method was used for the analysis: The LV endocardium was segmented from the morphological images at end-diastole (ED) and end-systole. Pathlines were emitted from the ED blood volume and traced forward and backward in time until end-systole, allowing separation of the Total SV into two flow components (figure 1): 1) Blood that enters and leaves the LV during the analyzed cardiac cycle (Direct SV), and 2) Blood that leaves but does not enter the LV during the analyzed cardiac cycle (Delayed SV). The KE was calculated over the cardiac cycle for these flow components based on the volume occupied by each pathline, its velocity, and blood density ...
MIDAS Journal - Endocardial Segmentation using Structured Random Forests in 3D EchocardiographyMIDAS Journal - Endocardial Segmentation using Structured Random Forests in 3D Echocardiography
Segmentation of the left ventricle endocardium in 3D echocardiography is a critical step for the diagnosis of heart disease. Although recent work has
A Eucharistic miracle or just disgusting? | Doubtful NewsA "Eucharistic miracle" or just disgusting? | Doubtful News
These analyses sustained the following conclusions:. The Flesh is real Flesh. The Blood is real Blood.. The Flesh and the Blood belong to the human species.. The Flesh consists of the muscular tissue of the heart.. In the Flesh we see present in section: the myocardium, the endocardium, the vagus nerve and also the left ventricle of the heart for the large thickness of the myocardium.. The Flesh is a "HEART" complete in its essential structure.. The Flesh and the Blood have the same blood-type: AB (Blood-type identical to that which Prof. Baima Bollone uncovered in the Holy Shroud of Turin).. In the Blood there were found proteins in the same normal proportions (percentage-wise) as are found in the sero-proteic make-up of the fresh normal blood.. In the Blood there were also found these minerals: chlorides, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium and calcium.. The preservation of the Flesh and of the Blood, which were left in their natural state for twelve centuries and exposed to the action of ...
PatEdu.com : EndocarditisPatEdu.com : Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium, or the hearts inner lining. It can damage the valves in the heart and lead to other complications. If left untreated, it can be life threatening.
Histopathology of cardiovascular system by Muhammad Usman Tariq and Sheema H Hasan"Histopathology of cardiovascular system" by Muhammad Usman Tariq and Sheema H Hasan
The cardiovascular system (CVS) includes both the heart, i.e. endocardium, myocardium and pericardium, and vessels. Biopsies from these organs are relatively uncommon, and most cases actually originate from autopsies. Disease spectrum ranges from inflammatory, ischaemic and degenerative with a handful of primary and metastatic neoplasms involving the heart. Various distinct types of vasculopathies are also sometimes seen in clinical practice. In this chapter, morphological features on light microscopy and utility of special and immunohistochemical (IHC) stains, which are helpful in the workup of these lesions, are described in a compact fashion.
Endocarditis - Bacterial, Infective, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Diseases PicturesEndocarditis - Bacterial, Infective, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Diseases Pictures
Endocarditis pertains to infection of endocardium, a thin lining of the heart. Infection can occur through micro-organisms that invade your body in any form.
Tissue - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaTissue - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Organs are made up of more than one kind of tissue. The heart is an organ. It is made up of different tissues. It has muscle tissue called myocardium. It has connective tissue on the inside (endocardium), and on the outside (pericardium). The heart has valves that make sure the blood goes the right way through the heart. So the heart is an organ made from several tissues. The study of the structure of tissues under a microscope is called histology. ...
Tissue - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaTissue - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Organs are made up of more than one kind of tissue. The heart is an organ. It is made up of different tissues. It has muscle tissue called myocardium. It has connective tissue on the inside (endocardium), and on the outside (pericardium). The heart has valves that make sure the blood goes the right way through the heart. So the heart is an organ made from several tissues. The study of the structure of tissues under a microscope is called histology. ...
Tissue - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaTissue - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Organs are made up of more than one kind of tissue. The heart is an organ. It is made up of different tissues. It has muscle tissue called myocardium. It has connective tissue on the inside (endocardium), and on the outside (pericardium). The heart has valves that make sure the blood goes the right way through the heart. So the heart is an organ made from several tissues. The study of the structure of tissues under a microscope is called histology. ...
Endocarditis - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo ClinicEndocarditis - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic
Learn about the causes and treatments for this infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves (endocardium) and find out how to prevent it.
Endocarditis - Doctors and departments - Mayo ClinicEndocarditis - Doctors and departments - Mayo Clinic
Learn about the causes and treatments for this infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves (endocardium) and find out how to prevent it.
Medicina | Free Full-Text | Changes of heart geometry in patients with ischemic heart diseaseMedicina | Free Full-Text | Changes of heart geometry in patients with ischemic heart disease
Objective. The aim of the study was to determine ventricular and atrial cardiometric parameters at preinfarction and postinfarction stage of ischemic heart disease. Object and methods. Cardiometric parameters (mass, endocardial surface area, the tracts of flow and outflow, etc.) of 132 men (mean age of 49.7±8.9 years) who had died suddenly during prehospital period (within 6 hours) after the first or repeated acute event of
EPICARDIUM // gold - Covet + KeepEPICARDIUM // gold - Covet + Keep
Morse Code Message: sensitive [gold plated brass, gold vermeil chain] Name/Part of the Heart: Epicardium the thin interior lining.
Digital Wave Front Exam Technology l Broadway Vision l NYDigital Wave Front Exam Technology l Broadway Vision l NY
At Broadway Vision we use the latest Marco Wave Front Exam equipment to improve patient comfort and accuracy of the exam. Call (646)663-5080 for an appointment
사다 ModuCare (EPI) ModuChol 60 캡 한국사다 ModuCare (EPI) ModuChol 60 캡 한국
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TelocyteTelocyte
Interatrial sulcusInteratrial sulcus
Heart valveHeart valve
Mitral valveMitral valve
Ventricle (heart)Ventricle (heart)
PericardiumPericardium
Aortic valveAortic valve
Cardiac skeletonCardiac skeleton
HeartHeart
Friedreichs signFriedreich's sign
Vascular diseaseVascular disease
Cardiac muscle cellCardiac muscle cell
Smallest cardiac veinsSmallest cardiac veins
Charles AntzelevitchCharles Antzelevitch
Infective endocarditisInfective endocarditis
EndotheliumEndothelium
Intrinsicoid deflectionIntrinsicoid deflection
Albert ThierfelderAlbert Thierfelder
EndocarditisEndocarditis
B46 (New York City bus)B46 (New York City bus)
Common ostrichCommon ostrich
Dopamine receptorDopamine receptor
Robert H. CoxRobert H. Cox
BMX (gene)BMX (gene)
Inferior vena cavaInferior vena cava
Masonic Medical Research LaboratoryMasonic Medical Research Laboratory
Heart - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaHeart - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electrophysiology studyElectrophysiology study
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
EndocardiumPericardiumEndocardial CushionsHeartHeart ValvesHeart VentriclesHeart Conduction SystemDogsMyocardiumEndocardial FibroelastosisHeart AtriaVentricular FunctionEpicardial MappingElectrophysiologic Techniques, CardiacAction PotentialsAtrial AppendageVentricular FibrillationElectrocardiographyPurkinje FibersEndocardial Cushion DefectsCardiac Pacing, ArtificialTachycardia, VentricularBody Surface Potential MappingQuailHeart SeptumModels, CardiovascularMesodermAtrial FunctionCatheter AblationGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalMyocardial ContractionMorphogenesisMyocytes, CardiacPapillary MusclesFlecainideChick EmbryoEndomyocardial FibrosisElectrophysiologyReceptor, TIE-2ZebrafishCardiomyopathies4-AminopyridineLIM-Homeodomain ProteinsFetal HeartCoronary CirculationSwineVentricular Function, LeftArrhythmias, CardiacMyocardial IschemiaCicatrixCardiomyopathy, RestrictiveCardiomyopathy, DilatedArrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
Validation of a New Noncontact Catheter System for Electroanatomic Mapping of Left Ventricular Endocardium | CirculationValidation of a New Noncontact Catheter System for Electroanatomic Mapping of Left Ventricular Endocardium | Circulation
EndocardiumEndocardium
The heart endocardium is derived from vascular endothelial progenitorsThe heart endocardium is derived from vascular endothelial progenitors
Increased von Willebrand factor in the endocardium as a local predisposing factor for thrombogenesis in overloaded human atrial...Increased von Willebrand factor in the endocardium as a local predisposing factor for thrombogenesis in overloaded human atrial...
EKG - Ischemia - ransquaredEKG - Ischemia - ransquared
Endocardium - WikipediaEndocardium - Wikipedia
endocardia - Wiktionaryendocardia - Wiktionary
Diseases of the Myocardium, Pericardium, and Endocardium | SpringerLinkDiseases of the Myocardium, Pericardium, and Endocardium | SpringerLink
Regional Differences in Electrophysiological Properties of Epicardium, Midmyocardium, and Endocardium | CirculationRegional Differences in Electrophysiological Properties of Epicardium, Midmyocardium, and Endocardium | Circulation
Does structure D represent the endocardium? - ProProfs DiscussDoes structure "D" represent the endocardium? - ProProfs Discuss
Origins and patterning of avian outflow tract endocardium | DevelopmentOrigins and patterning of avian outflow tract endocardium | Development
Reconstitution of the Ventricular Endocardium Within Acellular Hearts | SpringerLinkReconstitution of the Ventricular Endocardium Within Acellular Hearts | SpringerLink
GATA-4 is a novel transcription factor expressed in endocardium of the developing heart | DevelopmentGATA-4 is a novel transcription factor expressed in endocardium of the developing heart | Development
Frontiers | Left Ventricular Transmural Gradient in Mitochondrial Respiration Is Associated with Increased Sub-Endocardium...Frontiers | Left Ventricular Transmural Gradient in Mitochondrial Respiration Is Associated with Increased Sub-Endocardium...
endocardium - oiendocardium - oi
Localization of Distant Urogenital System-, Central Nervous System-, and Endocardium-Specific Transcriptional Regulatory...Localization of Distant Urogenital System-, Central Nervous System-, and Endocardium-Specific Transcriptional Regulatory...
Segmentation of the left ventricular endocardium from magnetic resonance images by using different statistical shape models -...Segmentation of the left ventricular endocardium from magnetic resonance images by using different statistical shape models -...
Epicardial phenol interrupts refractory period responses to sympathetic but not vagal stimulation in canine left ventricular...Epicardial phenol interrupts refractory period responses to sympathetic but not vagal stimulation in canine left ventricular...
Carnegie Stage 17-3 - Reconstruction of the endocardium of the heart and its arterial trunks in embryo No. 6520Carnegie Stage 17-3 - Reconstruction of the endocardium of the heart and its arterial trunks in embryo No. 6520
Heart failure in infancy with abnormalities of the valves and endocardium. - Semantic ScholarHeart failure in infancy with abnormalities of the valves and endocardium. - Semantic Scholar
EndocardiumEndocardium
endocardium Archives - CriticalCareDVMendocardium Archives - CriticalCareDVM
glossary:endocardium [Lymphedema People]glossary:endocardium [Lymphedema People]
Human Physiology/The cardiovascular system - Wikibooks, open books for an open worldHuman Physiology/The cardiovascular system - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Endocardium - Interactive Biology, with Leslie SamuelEndocardium - Interactive Biology, with Leslie Samuel
Heart Wall: Epicardium, Myocardium, and EndocardiumHeart Wall: Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium
Layers of the Heart - Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium | KenhubLayers of the Heart - Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium | Kenhub
Cardiac Myxoma (Endocardium Myxoma): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - SymptomaCardiac Myxoma (Endocardium Myxoma): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - Symptoma
ICD-10 Diagnosis Code I09.1 Rheumatic diseases of endocardium, valve unspecifiedICD-10 Diagnosis Code I09.1 Rheumatic diseases of endocardium, valve unspecified
physiology - Why is pericardium muscle repolarizated earlier than endocardium? - Biology Stack Exchangephysiology - Why is pericardium muscle repolarizated earlier than endocardium? - Biology Stack Exchange
Plus itPlus it
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
EndocardiumPericardiumEndocardial CushionsHeartHeart ValvesHeart VentriclesHeart Conduction SystemDogsMyocardiumEndocardial FibroelastosisHeart AtriaVentricular FunctionEpicardial MappingElectrophysiologic Techniques, CardiacAction PotentialsAtrial AppendageVentricular FibrillationElectrocardiographyPurkinje FibersEndocardial Cushion DefectsCardiac Pacing, ArtificialTachycardia, VentricularBody Surface Potential MappingQuailHeart SeptumModels, CardiovascularMesodermAtrial FunctionCatheter AblationGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalMyocardial ContractionMorphogenesisMyocytes, CardiacPapillary MusclesFlecainideChick EmbryoEndomyocardial FibrosisElectrophysiologyReceptor, TIE-2ZebrafishCardiomyopathies4-AminopyridineLIM-Homeodomain ProteinsFetal HeartCoronary CirculationSwineVentricular Function, LeftArrhythmias, CardiacMyocardial IschemiaCicatrixCardiomyopathy, RestrictiveCardiomyopathy, DilatedArrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
EndocardialLumenCardiacMyocardiumFormationCellsEndotheliumEndothelial cellsMyocardium and endocardiumInflammationEndocarditisPericardiumMyocardialAtriaAortic semilThrombus formationValvesFibrousPurkinjeHeart chambersVentriclesLayer of the heartOuter layerValveAortaRepolarizationPrimarilyThinBloodDiseasesRepresentsˌɛnEmbryonicContent
Endocardial2
  • In mouse, lineage analysis focusing on endocardial cells revealed an unexpected heterogeneity in the origins of the endocardium. (edu.au)
  • Ablation of Flk1 coupled with lineage analysis in the Isl1 lineage revealed that endothelium-derived Isl1(-) endocardial cells were significantly increased, whereas Isl1(+) endocardial cells were reduced, suggesting that the endocardium is capable of undergoing regulative compensatory growth. (edu.au)
Lumen1
Cardiac2
  • Here, we have identified an endocardium-forming field medial to the cardiac crescent, in a continuum with the endothelial plexus. (edu.au)
  • Furthermore, embryonic endothelial cells implanted into the cardiac crescent contribute to the endocardium, but not to the myocardium. (edu.au)
Myocardium1
  • Whereas significant progress has been made toward elucidating the embryonic origins of the myocardium, the origins of the endocardium remain unclear. (edu.au)
Formation1
  • FLK1 is required in vivo for formation of the endocardium in the Mesp1 and Tie2 lineages, but not in the Isl1 lineage. (edu.au)
Cells1
  • We suggest that the endocardium derives, at least in part, from vascular endothelial cells. (edu.au)
Endothelium5
Endothelial cells5
Myocardium and endocardium5
Inflammation3
Endocarditis5
Pericardium4
Myocardial3
  • In myocardial infarction, ischemia of the myocardium can extend to the endocardium, disrupting the inner lining of the heart ("transmural" infarction). (wikipedia.org)
  • The endocardium was found to undergo a biphasic pattern of cytodifferentiation in which endocardium associated with myocardial trabeculae displayed atrophy of secretory organelles and attenuation of cytoplasm . (musc.edu)
  • Later, at E11, a second wave of calcineurin/NFAT signaling is required in the endocardium, adjacent to the earlier myocardial site of NFAT action, to direct valvular elongation and refinement. (nih.gov)
Atria1
Aortic semil1
  • While it is not the endocardium, "D" represents the aortic semilunar valve. (proprofs.com)
Thrombus formation1
  • When warfarin-treated cases were excluded, there was a significant correlation between the immunohistochemical grade for vWF and the degree of platelet adhesion/thrombus formation in the endocardium. (onlinejacc.org)
Valves3
Fibrous1
Purkinje1
Heart chambers2
Ventricles1
  • The effect of E a on endocardium and epicardium was studied on Langendorff-perfused, di-4-ANEPPS stained isolated rabbit right ventricles (RV) to which a 10-40 V/cm E a was applied from plate electrodes inside a Tyrode's bath. (nctu.edu.tw)
Layer of the heart3
Outer layer1
Valve1
Aorta1
  • From the distention of the endocardium of the primary cardiac tube, however, one can see that the left ventricle favors the aorta and the right ventricle the pulmonary trunk. (ehd.org)
Repolarization1
Primarily1
Thin1
Blood4
Diseases1
  • Diseases associated with SH3BP5 include Endocardium Disease and Agammaglobulinemia, X-Linked 1 . (genecards.org)
Represents1
ˌɛn1
Embryonic1
  • Whereas significant progress has been made toward elucidating the embryonic origins of the myocardium, the origins of the endocardium remain unclear. (edu.au)
Content1
  • Maximal oxidative capacity (V Max ) and relative contributions of the respiratory chain complexes II, III, IV (V Succ ) and IV (V TMPD ), mitochondrial content (citrate synthase activity), coupling, NO (electron paramagnetic resonance), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (H 2 O 2 and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining) were determined in rat sub-endocardium (Endo) and sub-epicardium (Epi). (frontiersin.org)