Carbon Dioxide
Chaetomium
Decontamination
Oxides
Carbon
Gases
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Partial Pressure
Sulfur Dioxide
Insufflation
Pulmonary Gas Exchange
Nanotubes, Carbon
Oxygen
Atmosphere
Respiration
Hypercapnia
Carbon Isotopes
Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous
Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid
Lasers, Gas
Carbon Sequestration
Tidal Volume
Chromatography, Gas
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Carbon Footprint
Oxygen Consumption
Bicarbonates
Air
Methane
Respiratory Dead Space
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Thorium Dioxide
Ecological Systems, Closed
Greenhouse Effect
Embolism, Air
Carbon Tetrachloride
Photosynthesis
Nitrogen
Biomass
Carbonic Anhydrases
Helium
Pulmonary Ventilation
Hyperventilation
Noble Gases
Air Pollutants
Anesthesia, Inhalation
Nitrous Oxide
Carbonates
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere. It is a normal byproduct of cellular respiration in humans, animals, and plants, and is also produced through the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
In medical terms, carbon dioxide is often used as a respiratory stimulant and to maintain the pH balance of blood. It is also used during certain medical procedures, such as laparoscopic surgery, to insufflate (inflate) the abdominal cavity and create a working space for the surgeon.
Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the body can lead to respiratory acidosis, a condition characterized by an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and a decrease in pH. This can occur in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or other lung diseases that impair breathing and gas exchange. Symptoms of respiratory acidosis may include shortness of breath, confusion, headache, and in severe cases, coma or death.
Chlorine compounds refer to chemical substances that contain chlorine (Cl), which is a member of the halogen group in the periodic table. Chlorine is a highly reactive element that readily forms compounds with many other elements and molecules.
Chlorine compounds can be found in various forms, including inorganic and organic compounds. Inorganic chlorine compounds include salts of hydrochloric acid, such as sodium chloride (table salt), and chlorides of metals, such as copper chloride and silver chloride. Other inorganic chlorine compounds include chlorine gas (Cl2), hypochlorous acid (HClO), and chlorine dioxide (ClO2).
Organic chlorine compounds are those that contain carbon atoms bonded to chlorine atoms. Examples of organic chlorine compounds include chlorinated solvents, such as trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene, and pesticides, such as DDT and lindane.
Chlorine compounds have a wide range of uses in various industries, including water treatment, disinfection, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and manufacturing. However, some chlorine compounds can be harmful or toxic to humans and the environment, particularly if they are released into the air, water, or soil in large quantities. Therefore, it is essential to handle and dispose of chlorine compounds properly to minimize potential health and environmental risks.
Chaetomium is a genus of saprophytic fungi that are commonly found in soil, decaying plant and animal matter, and dung. The name "Chaetomium" comes from the Greek words "chaete," meaning "long hair," and "tomi," meaning "to cut." This refers to the characteristic long, bristle-like hairs on the ascospores (sexual spores) of these fungi.
Chaetomium species are known for their ability to produce a wide range of enzymes and secondary metabolites, including various pigments, antibiotics, and mycotoxins. Some Chaetomium species have been reported to cause infections in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. However, such infections are relatively rare.
In a medical context, the term "Chaetomium" typically refers to the fungal genus as a whole or to specific species within it, rather than to any particular medical definition or condition. If you have any concerns about Chaetomium or other fungi, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional or mycologist for further information and advice.
Decontamination is the process of removing, inactivating or destroying harmful contaminants from a person, object, environment or substance. In a medical context, decontamination typically refers to the removal of pathogens, toxic chemicals, or radioactive substances from patients, equipment, or surfaces in order to prevent infection or illness.
There are different methods and techniques for decontamination depending on the type and extent of contamination. For example, mechanical cleaning (such as washing with soap and water), chemical disinfection (using antimicrobial agents), radiation sterilization (using ionizing radiation), and heat sterilization (using steam or dry heat) are some common methods used in medical settings to decontaminate surfaces, equipment, and supplies.
Decontamination is an important process in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and clinics, as well as in emergency response situations involving hazardous materials or bioterrorism incidents. Proper decontamination procedures can help prevent the spread of infectious diseases, reduce the risk of chemical or radiation exposure, and protect the health and safety of patients, healthcare workers, and the public.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "oxides" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Oxides are a class of chemical compounds that contain at least one oxygen atom and one other element. They can be formed through the process of oxidation, which involves the combination of oxygen with another substance.
In a broader sense, you might encounter the term "oxide" in a medical context when discussing various materials or substances used in medical devices, treatments, or research. For instance, titanium dioxide is a common ingredient in medical-grade sunscreens due to its ability to block and scatter UV light. However, it's important to note that the term "oxides" itself doesn't have a direct connection to medicine or human health.
In the context of medical definitions, 'carbon' is not typically used as a standalone term. Carbon is an element with the symbol C and atomic number 6, which is naturally abundant in the human body and the environment. It is a crucial component of all living organisms, forming the basis of organic compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Carbon forms strong covalent bonds with various elements, allowing for the creation of complex molecules that are essential to life. In this sense, carbon is a fundamental building block of life on Earth. However, it does not have a specific medical definition as an isolated term.
In medical terms, gases refer to the state of matter that has no fixed shape or volume and expands to fill any container it is placed in. Gases in the body can be normal, such as the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen that are present in the lungs and blood, or abnormal, such as gas that accumulates in the digestive tract due to conditions like bloating or swallowing air.
Gases can also be used medically for therapeutic purposes, such as in the administration of anesthesia or in the treatment of certain respiratory conditions with oxygen therapy. Additionally, measuring the amount of gas in the body, such as through imaging studies like X-rays or CT scans, can help diagnose various medical conditions.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a gaseous air pollutant and respiratory irritant. It is a reddish-brown toxic gas with a pungent, choking odor. NO2 is a major component of smog and is produced from the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes.
Exposure to nitrogen dioxide can cause respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing, especially in people with asthma or other respiratory conditions. Long-term exposure has been linked to the development of chronic lung diseases, including bronchitis and emphysema. NO2 also contributes to the formation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause additional health problems.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to hemoglobic animals when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm. This compound is a product of incomplete combustion of organic matter, and is a major component of automobile exhaust.
Carbon monoxide is poisonous because it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells much more strongly than oxygen does, forming carboxyhemoglobin. This prevents the transport of oxygen throughout the body, which can lead to suffocation and death. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and disorientation. Prolonged exposure can lead to unconsciousness and death.
Carbon monoxide detectors are commonly used in homes and other buildings to alert occupants to the presence of this dangerous gas. It is important to ensure that these devices are functioning properly and that they are placed in appropriate locations throughout the building. Additionally, it is essential to maintain appliances and heating systems to prevent the release of carbon monoxide into living spaces.
In the context of medicine, and specifically in physiology and respiratory therapy, partial pressure (P or p) is a measure of the pressure exerted by an individual gas in a mixture of gases. It's commonly used to describe the concentrations of gases in the body, such as oxygen (PO2), carbon dioxide (PCO2), and nitrogen (PN2).
The partial pressure of a specific gas is calculated as the fraction of that gas in the total mixture multiplied by the total pressure of the mixture. This concept is based on Dalton's law, which states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures exerted by each individual gas.
For example, in room air at sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) is approximately 160 mmHg (mm of mercury), which represents about 21% of the total barometric pressure (760 mmHg). This concept is crucial for understanding gas exchange in the lungs and how gases move across membranes, such as from alveoli to blood and vice versa.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is not a medical term per se, but it's an important chemical compound with implications in human health and medicine. Here's a brief definition:
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor. It is primarily released into the atmosphere as a result of human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels (like coal and oil) and the smelting of metals. SO2 is also produced naturally during volcanic eruptions and some biological processes.
In medical terms, exposure to high levels of sulfur dioxide can have adverse health effects, particularly for people with respiratory conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). SO2 can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, causing coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and a tight feeling in the chest. Prolonged exposure to elevated levels of SO2 may exacerbate existing respiratory issues and lead to decreased lung function.
Regulations are in place to limit sulfur dioxide emissions from industrial sources to protect public health and reduce air pollution.
Capnography is the non-invasive measurement and monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaled breath, also known as end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2). It is typically displayed as a waveform graph that shows the concentration of CO2 over time. Capnography provides important information about respiratory function, metabolic rate, and the effectiveness of ventilation during medical procedures such as anesthesia, mechanical ventilation, and resuscitation. Changes in capnograph patterns can help detect conditions such as hypoventilation, hyperventilation, esophageal intubation, and pulmonary embolism.
Insufflation is a medical term that refers to the act of introducing a gas or vapor into a body cavity or passage, typically through a tube or surgical instrument. This procedure is often used in medical and surgical settings for various purposes, such as:
* To administer anesthesia during surgery (e.g., introducing nitrous oxide or other gases into the lungs)
* To introduce medication or other substances into the body (e.g., insufflating steroids into a joint)
* To perform diagnostic procedures (e.g., insufflating air or a contrast agent into the gastrointestinal tract to visualize it with X-rays)
* To clean out a body cavity (e.g., irrigating and insufflating the bladder during urological procedures).
It's important to note that insufflation should be performed under controlled conditions, as there are potential risks associated with introducing gases or vapors into the body, such as barotrauma (damage caused by changes in pressure) and infection.
Pulmonary gas exchange is the process by which oxygen (O2) from inhaled air is transferred to the blood, and carbon dioxide (CO2), a waste product of metabolism, is removed from the blood and exhaled. This process occurs in the lungs, primarily in the alveoli, where the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries allow for the rapid diffusion of gases between them. The partial pressure gradient between the alveolar air and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries drives this diffusion process. Oxygen-rich blood is then transported to the body's tissues, while CO2-rich blood returns to the lungs to be exhaled.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are defined in medical literature as hollow, cylindrical structures composed of rolled graphene sheets, with diameters typically measuring on the nanoscale (ranging from 1 to several tens of nanometers) and lengths that can reach several micrometers. They can be single-walled (SWCNTs), consisting of a single layer of graphene, or multi-walled (MWCNTs), composed of multiple concentric layers of graphene.
Carbon nanotubes have unique mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties that make them promising for various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems, biosensors, and tissue engineering scaffolds. However, their potential toxicity and long-term effects on human health are still under investigation, particularly concerning their ability to induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity in certain experimental settings.
Blood gas analysis is a medical test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the pH level, which indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the blood. This test is often used to evaluate lung function, respiratory disorders, and acid-base balance in the body. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatments for conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and other respiratory illnesses. The analysis is typically performed on a sample of arterial blood, although venous blood may also be used in some cases.
Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that constitutes about 21% of the earth's atmosphere. It is a crucial element for human and most living organisms as it is vital for respiration. Inhaled oxygen enters the lungs and binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, which carries it to tissues throughout the body where it is used to convert nutrients into energy and carbon dioxide, a waste product that is exhaled.
Medically, supplemental oxygen therapy may be provided to patients with conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, heart failure, or other medical conditions that impair the body's ability to extract sufficient oxygen from the air. Oxygen can be administered through various devices, including nasal cannulas, face masks, and ventilators.
In medical terms, the term "atmosphere" is not typically used as a standalone definition or diagnosis. However, in some contexts, it may refer to the physical environment or surroundings in which medical care is provided. For example, some hospitals and healthcare facilities may have different atmospheres depending on their specialties, design, or overall ambiance.
Additionally, "atmosphere" may also be used more broadly to describe the social or emotional climate of a particular healthcare setting. For instance, a healthcare provider might describe a patient's home atmosphere as warm and welcoming, or a hospital ward's atmosphere as tense or chaotic.
It is important to note that "atmosphere" is not a medical term with a specific definition, so its meaning may vary depending on the context in which it is used.
Medical Definition of Respiration:
Respiration, in physiology, is the process by which an organism takes in oxygen and gives out carbon dioxide. It's also known as breathing. This process is essential for most forms of life because it provides the necessary oxygen for cellular respiration, where the cells convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and releases waste products, primarily carbon dioxide.
In humans and other mammals, respiration is a two-stage process:
1. Breathing (or external respiration): This involves the exchange of gases with the environment. Air enters the lungs through the mouth or nose, then passes through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, finally reaching the alveoli where the actual gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the blood, while carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.
2. Cellular respiration (or internal respiration): This is the process by which cells convert glucose and other nutrients into ATP, water, and carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen. The carbon dioxide produced during this process then diffuses out of the cells and into the bloodstream to be exhaled during breathing.
In summary, respiration is a vital physiological function that enables organisms to obtain the necessary oxygen for cellular metabolism while eliminating waste products like carbon dioxide.
Hypercapnia is a state of increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the blood, typically defined as an arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) above 45 mmHg. It is often associated with conditions that impair gas exchange or eliminate CO2 from the body, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), severe asthma, respiratory failure, or certain neuromuscular disorders. Hypercapnia can cause symptoms such as headache, confusion, shortness of breath, and in severe cases, it can lead to life-threatening complications such as respiratory acidosis, coma, and even death if not promptly treated.
Carbon isotopes are variants of the chemical element carbon that have different numbers of neutrons in their atomic nuclei. The most common and stable isotope of carbon is carbon-12 (^{12}C), which contains six protons and six neutrons. However, carbon can also come in other forms, known as isotopes, which contain different numbers of neutrons.
Carbon-13 (^{13}C) is a stable isotope of carbon that contains seven neutrons in its nucleus. It makes up about 1.1% of all carbon found on Earth and is used in various scientific applications, such as in tracing the metabolic pathways of organisms or in studying the age of fossilized materials.
Carbon-14 (^{14}C), also known as radiocarbon, is a radioactive isotope of carbon that contains eight neutrons in its nucleus. It is produced naturally in the atmosphere through the interaction of cosmic rays with nitrogen gas. Carbon-14 has a half-life of about 5,730 years, which makes it useful for dating organic materials, such as archaeological artifacts or fossils, up to around 60,000 years old.
Carbon isotopes are important in many scientific fields, including geology, biology, and medicine, and are used in a variety of applications, from studying the Earth's climate history to diagnosing medical conditions.
Transcutaneous blood gas monitoring (TcBGM) is a non-invasive method to measure the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the blood. This technique uses heated sensors placed on the skin, typically on the ear lobe or the soles of the feet, to estimate the gas tensions in the capillary blood.
The sensors contain a electrochemical or optical sensor that measures the pO2 and pCO2 levels in the tiny amount of gas that diffuses through the skin from the underlying capillaries. The measurements are then adjusted to reflect the actual blood gas values based on calibration curves and other factors, such as the patient's age, temperature, and skin perfusion.
TcBGM is commonly used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to monitor oxygenation and ventilation in premature infants, who may have immature lungs or other respiratory problems that make invasive blood gas sampling difficult or risky. It can also be used in adults with conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sleep apnea, or neuromuscular disorders, where frequent blood gas measurements are needed to guide therapy and monitor response to treatment.
Overall, TcBGM provides a safe, painless, and convenient way to monitor blood gases in real-time, without the need for repeated arterial punctures or other invasive procedures. However, it is important to note that TcBGM may not always provide accurate measurements in certain situations, such as when the skin perfusion is poor or when there are significant differences between the capillary and arterial blood gases. Therefore, clinical judgment and other diagnostic tests should be used in conjunction with TcBGM to ensure appropriate patient management.
Chromatography, supercritical fluid (SFC) is a type of chromatographic technique that uses supercritical fluids as the mobile phase to separate and analyze components of a mixture. A supercritical fluid is a substance that is maintained at temperatures and pressures above its critical point, where it exhibits properties of both a gas and a liquid, making it an ideal medium for separations due to its low viscosity, high diffusivity, and tuneable solvating strength.
In SFC, the supercritical fluid, typically carbon dioxide (CO2) due to its mild critical point conditions, is used to elute analytes from a stationary phase, such as a silica or polymer-based column. The interactions between the analytes and the stationary phase, along with the properties of the supercritical fluid, determine the separation efficiency and resolution of the technique.
SFC has several advantages over traditional liquid chromatography (LC) techniques, including faster analysis times, lower solvent consumption, and the ability to analyze a wider range of polar and nonpolar compounds. SFC is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for drug discovery and development, as well as in environmental, food, and chemical analyses.
Gas lasers are a type of laser that uses a gas as the gain medium, or the material through which the laser beam is amplified. In a gas laser, the gas is excited electrically or through the use of a radio frequency (RF) generator, causing the atoms or molecules within the gas to emit light at specific wavelengths.
The most common type of gas laser is the helium-neon (HeNe) laser, which produces a red beam at a wavelength of 632.8 nanometers. Other types of gas lasers include the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, which produces an infrared beam and is commonly used for industrial cutting and welding applications, and the nitrogen laser, which produces a ultraviolet beam.
Gas lasers are known for their high efficiency, stability, and long lifespan. They are also relatively easy to maintain and operate, making them popular choices for a variety of industrial, scientific, and medical applications. In medicine, gas lasers are used for procedures such as laser surgery, where they can be used to cut or coagulate tissue with high precision.
Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, to mitigate climate change. It can occur naturally through processes such as photosynthesis in plants and absorption by oceans. Artificial or engineered carbon sequestration methods include:
1. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): This process captures CO2 emissions from large point sources, like power plants, before they are released into the atmosphere. The captured CO2 is then compressed and transported to suitable geological formations for long-term storage.
2. Ocean Sequestration: This method involves directly injecting CO2 into the deep ocean or enhancing natural processes that absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, such as growing more phytoplankton (microscopic marine plants) through nutrient enrichment.
3. Soil Carbon Sequestration: Practices like regenerative agriculture, agroforestry, and cover cropping can enhance soil organic carbon content by increasing the amount of carbon stored in soils. This not only helps mitigate climate change but also improves soil health and productivity.
4. Biochar Sequestration: Biochar is a type of charcoal produced through pyrolysis (heating biomass in the absence of oxygen). When added to soils, biochar can increase soil fertility and carbon sequestration capacity, as it has a high resistance to decomposition and can store carbon for hundreds to thousands of years.
5. Mineral Carbonation: This method involves reacting CO2 with naturally occurring minerals (like silicate or oxide minerals) to form stable mineral carbonates, effectively locking away the CO2 in solid form.
It is important to note that while carbon sequestration can help mitigate climate change, it should be considered as one of many strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition towards a low-carbon or carbon-neutral economy.
Tidal volume (Vt) is the amount of air that moves into or out of the lungs during normal, resting breathing. It is the difference between the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration and the volume at the end of a normal inspiration. In other words, it's the volume of each breath you take when you are not making any effort to breathe more deeply.
The average tidal volume for an adult human is around 500 milliliters (ml) per breath, but this can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, size, and fitness level. During exercise or other activities that require increased oxygen intake, tidal volume may increase to meet the body's demands for more oxygen.
Tidal volume is an important concept in respiratory physiology and clinical medicine, as it can be used to assess lung function and diagnose respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma.
Artificial pneumoperitoneum is a medical condition that refers to the presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the organs within the abdomen. This condition is typically created intentionally during surgical procedures, such as laparoscopy, to provide a working space for the surgeon to perform the operation.
During laparoscopic surgery, a thin tube called a trocar is inserted through a small incision in the abdominal wall, and carbon dioxide gas is pumped into the peritoneal cavity to create a pneumoperitoneum. This allows the surgeon to insert specialized instruments through other small incisions and perform the surgery while visualizing the operative field with a camera.
While artificial pneumoperitoneum is generally safe, there are potential complications that can arise, such as injury to surrounding organs or blood vessels during trocar insertion, subcutaneous emphysema (air trapped under the skin), or gas embolism (gas in the bloodstream). These risks are typically minimized through careful technique and monitoring during the procedure.
Chromatography, gas (GC) is a type of chromatographic technique used to separate, identify, and analyze volatile compounds or vapors. In this method, the sample mixture is vaporized and carried through a column packed with a stationary phase by an inert gas (carrier gas). The components of the mixture get separated based on their partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases due to differences in their adsorption/desorption rates or solubility.
The separated components elute at different times, depending on their interaction with the stationary phase, which can be detected and quantified by various detection systems like flame ionization detector (FID), thermal conductivity detector (TCD), electron capture detector (ECD), or mass spectrometer (MS). Gas chromatography is widely used in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, environmental science, forensics, and food analysis.
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a medical condition that occurs when carbon monoxide gas is inhaled, leading to the accumulation of this toxic gas in the bloodstream. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as natural gas, propane, oil, wood, or coal.
When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it binds to hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. This binding forms carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and leads to hypoxia, or insufficient oxygen supply to the body's tissues and organs.
The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning can vary depending on the level of exposure and the duration of exposure. Mild to moderate CO poisoning may cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. Severe CO poisoning can lead to loss of consciousness, seizures, heart failure, respiratory failure, and even death.
Carbon monoxide poisoning is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Treatment typically involves administering high-flow oxygen therapy to help eliminate carbon monoxide from the body and prevent further damage to tissues and organs. In some cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be used to accelerate the elimination of CO from the body.
Prevention is key in avoiding carbon monoxide poisoning. It is essential to ensure that all fuel-burning appliances are properly maintained and ventilated, and that carbon monoxide detectors are installed and functioning correctly in homes and other enclosed spaces.
Dry ice is not a medical term, but rather a common term used to describe solid carbon dioxide (CO2) when it is at a temperature below -109°F (-78.5°C). When dry ice is exposed to room temperature, it sublimates, or turns directly from a solid into a gas, bypassing the liquid phase.
In some medical applications, dry ice is used as a coolant for transporting temperature-sensitive biological samples, such as organs for transplantation, because of its extremely low temperature and ability to maintain that temperature for extended periods. However, it is important to handle dry ice with caution, as direct contact can cause frostbite or cold burns, and prolonged exposure to the gas can lead to suffocation due to the depletion of oxygen in the surrounding air.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique that combines the separating power of gas chromatography with the identification capabilities of mass spectrometry. This method is used to separate, identify, and quantify different components in complex mixtures.
In GC-MS, the mixture is first vaporized and carried through a long, narrow column by an inert gas (carrier gas). The various components in the mixture interact differently with the stationary phase inside the column, leading to their separation based on their partition coefficients between the mobile and stationary phases. As each component elutes from the column, it is then introduced into the mass spectrometer for analysis.
The mass spectrometer ionizes the sample, breaks it down into smaller fragments, and measures the mass-to-charge ratio of these fragments. This information is used to generate a mass spectrum, which serves as a unique "fingerprint" for each compound. By comparing the generated mass spectra with reference libraries or known standards, analysts can identify and quantify the components present in the original mixture.
GC-MS has wide applications in various fields such as forensics, environmental analysis, drug testing, and research laboratories due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and ability to analyze volatile and semi-volatile compounds.
Respiratory acidosis is a medical condition that occurs when the lungs are not able to remove enough carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body, leading to an increase in the amount of CO2 in the bloodstream and a decrease in the pH of the blood. This can happen due to various reasons such as chronic lung diseases like emphysema or COPD, severe asthma attacks, neuromuscular disorders that affect breathing, or when someone is not breathing deeply or frequently enough, such as during sleep apnea or drug overdose.
Respiratory acidosis can cause symptoms such as headache, confusion, shortness of breath, and in severe cases, coma and even death. Treatment for respiratory acidosis depends on the underlying cause but may include oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, or mechanical ventilation to help support breathing.
A "carbon footprint" is not a medical term, but it is an environmental concept that has become widely used in recent years. It refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced to directly or indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases, among others. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change.
A carbon footprint can be calculated for an individual, organization, event, or product by adding up all the emissions associated with its production, use, and disposal. This includes direct emissions from sources such as transportation, heating, and industrial processes, as well as indirect emissions from electricity generation, supply chain activities, and waste management.
Reducing carbon footprints is an important strategy for mitigating climate change and reducing the negative impacts on human health associated with a warming planet, such as increased heat-related illnesses, respiratory problems, and infectious diseases.
Oxygen consumption, also known as oxygen uptake, is the amount of oxygen that is consumed or utilized by the body during a specific period of time, usually measured in liters per minute (L/min). It is a common measurement used in exercise physiology and critical care medicine to assess an individual's aerobic metabolism and overall health status.
In clinical settings, oxygen consumption is often measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate cardiovascular function, pulmonary function, and exercise capacity in patients with various medical conditions such as heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory or cardiac disorders.
During exercise, oxygen is consumed by the muscles to generate energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. The amount of oxygen consumed during exercise can provide important information about an individual's fitness level, exercise capacity, and overall health status. Additionally, measuring oxygen consumption can help healthcare providers assess the effectiveness of treatments and rehabilitation programs in patients with various medical conditions.
Bicarbonates, also known as sodium bicarbonate or baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. In the context of medical definitions, bicarbonates refer to the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), which is an important buffer in the body that helps maintain normal pH levels in blood and other bodily fluids.
The balance of bicarbonate and carbonic acid in the body helps regulate the acidity or alkalinity of the blood, a condition known as pH balance. Bicarbonates are produced by the body and are also found in some foods and drinking water. They work to neutralize excess acid in the body and help maintain the normal pH range of 7.35 to 7.45.
In medical testing, bicarbonate levels may be measured as part of an electrolyte panel or as a component of arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. Low bicarbonate levels can indicate metabolic acidosis, while high levels can indicate metabolic alkalosis. Both conditions can have serious consequences if not treated promptly and appropriately.
In medical terms, 'air' is defined as the mixture of gases that make up the Earth's atmosphere. It primarily consists of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and small amounts of other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of neon, helium, and methane.
Air is essential for human life, as it provides the oxygen that our bodies need to produce energy through respiration. We inhale air into our lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, is exhaled out of the body through the lungs and back into the atmosphere.
In addition to its role in respiration, air also plays a critical role in regulating the Earth's climate and weather patterns, as well as serving as a medium for sound waves and other forms of energy transfer.
Methane is not a medical term, but it is a chemical compound that is often mentioned in the context of medicine and health. Medically, methane is significant because it is one of the gases produced by anaerobic microorganisms during the breakdown of organic matter in the gut, leading to conditions such as bloating, cramping, and diarrhea. Excessive production of methane can also be a symptom of certain digestive disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).
In broader terms, methane is a colorless, odorless gas that is the primary component of natural gas. It is produced naturally by the decomposition of organic matter in anaerobic conditions, such as in landfills, wetlands, and the digestive tracts of animals like cows and humans. Methane is also a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 25 times greater than carbon dioxide over a 100-year time frame.
Respiratory dead space is the portion of each tidal volume (the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during normal breathing) that does not participate in gas exchange. It mainly consists of the anatomical dead space, which includes the conducting airways such as the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, where no alveoli are present for gas exchange to occur.
Additionally, alveolar dead space can also contribute to respiratory dead space when alveoli are perfused inadequately or not at all due to conditions like pulmonary embolism, lung consolidation, or impaired circulation. In these cases, even though air reaches the alveoli, insufficient blood flow prevents efficient gas exchange from taking place.
The sum of anatomical and alveolar dead space is referred to as physiological dead space. An increased respiratory dead space can lead to ventilation-perfusion mismatch and impaired oxygenation, making it a critical parameter in assessing respiratory function, particularly during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients.
Hydrogen-ion concentration, also known as pH, is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm (to the base 10) of the hydrogen ion activity in a solution. The standard unit of measurement is the pH unit. A pH of 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, and greater than 7 is basic.
In medical terms, hydrogen-ion concentration is important for maintaining homeostasis within the body. For example, in the stomach, a high hydrogen-ion concentration (low pH) is necessary for the digestion of food. However, in other parts of the body such as blood, a high hydrogen-ion concentration can be harmful and lead to acidosis. Conversely, a low hydrogen-ion concentration (high pH) in the blood can lead to alkalosis. Both acidosis and alkalosis can have serious consequences on various organ systems if not corrected.
Thorium dioxide, also known as thorium(IV) oxide or Thorotrast, is a radioactive compound with the chemical formula ThO2. It is a white, odorless, tasteless powder that is insoluble in water and most organic solvents.
Thorium dioxide was historically used as a contrast agent for X-ray radiography, particularly for angiography and myelography, due to its high density and radioopacity. However, its use has been discontinued in many countries due to the recognition of its harmful health effects. Long-term exposure to thorium dioxide can lead to fibrosis, cancer, and other radiation-induced diseases.
It is important to note that the handling and disposal of thorium dioxide require special precautions due to its radioactivity and potential health hazards.
An ecological system that is closed is a type of ecosystem where there is no exchange of energy, matter, or organisms with the outside environment. It is a self-sustaining system that is able to maintain its own balance and stability without any external inputs or outputs. In a closed ecological system, all the necessary resources for the survival and growth of the organisms within it are recycled and reused, with no waste products leaving the system.
Examples of closed ecological systems are rare in nature, as most ecosystems are open and interconnected with other systems. However, there are some artificial systems that have been designed to be closed, such as space stations or life support systems for spacecraft. These systems are designed to recycle and reuse all resources, including water, air, and nutrients, in order to sustain human life in space.
It is important to note that while a closed ecological system may seem like an ideal model for sustainability, it can also be vulnerable to disturbances and fluctuations within the system. For example, if one species becomes too dominant or if there is a sudden change in environmental conditions, it can have cascading effects on the entire system, potentially leading to its collapse. Therefore, maintaining the balance and stability of a closed ecological system requires careful monitoring and management.
The greenhouse effect is not a medical term, but rather a term used in the field of environmental science and meteorology. However, I can certainly provide a definition for you:
The greenhouse effect refers to the warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere caused by the trapping of heat by certain gases in the atmosphere, known as greenhouse gases. These gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases.
When sunlight reaches Earth's surface, it is absorbed and then re-emitted as heat energy, which would normally escape back into space. However, some of this heat is trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, causing the planet to warm up. This process is essential for life on Earth, as it helps to maintain a stable temperature that supports plant and animal growth.
However, human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture have led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which has caused the natural greenhouse effect to become amplified. This has resulted in global warming and climate change, with potentially serious consequences for both human health and the environment.
An air embolism is a medical condition that occurs when one or more air bubbles enter the bloodstream and block or obstruct blood vessels. This can lead to various symptoms depending on the severity and location of the obstruction, including shortness of breath, chest pain, confusion, stroke, or even death.
Air embolisms can occur in a variety of ways, such as during certain medical procedures (e.g., when air is accidentally introduced into a vein or artery), trauma to the lungs or blood vessels, scuba diving, or mountain climbing. Treatment typically involves administering oxygen and supportive care, as well as removing the source of the air bubbles if possible. In severe cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be used to help reduce the size of the air bubbles and improve outcomes.
Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless, heavy, and nonflammable liquid with a mild ether-like odor. Its chemical formula is CCl4. It was previously used as a solvent and refrigerant, but its use has been largely phased out due to its toxicity and ozone-depleting properties.
Inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with carbon tetrachloride can cause harmful health effects. Short-term exposure can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Long-term exposure has been linked to liver and kidney damage, as well as an increased risk of cancer.
Carbon tetrachloride is also a potent greenhouse gas and contributes to climate change. Its production and use are regulated by international agreements aimed at protecting human health and the environment.
Photosynthesis is not strictly a medical term, but it is a fundamental biological process with significant implications for medicine, particularly in understanding energy production in cells and the role of oxygen in sustaining life. Here's a general biological definition:
Photosynthesis is a process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, such as glucose (or sugar), using water and carbon dioxide. This process primarily takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in structures called thylakoids. The overall reaction can be summarized as:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
In this equation, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are the reactants, while glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) are the products. Photosynthesis has two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle). The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane and involve the conversion of light energy into ATP and NADPH, which are used to power the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts and involves the synthesis of glucose from CO2 and water using the ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent reactions.
Understanding photosynthesis is crucial for understanding various biological processes, including cellular respiration, plant metabolism, and the global carbon cycle. Additionally, research into artificial photosynthesis has potential applications in renewable energy production and environmental remediation.
Nitrogen is not typically referred to as a medical term, but it is an element that is crucial to medicine and human life.
In a medical context, nitrogen is often mentioned in relation to gas analysis, respiratory therapy, or medical gases. Nitrogen (N) is a colorless, odorless, and nonreactive gas that makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. It is an essential element for various biological processes, such as the growth and maintenance of organisms, because it is a key component of amino acids, nucleic acids, and other organic compounds.
In some medical applications, nitrogen is used to displace oxygen in a mixture to create a controlled environment with reduced oxygen levels (hypoxic conditions) for therapeutic purposes, such as in certain types of hyperbaric chambers. Additionally, nitrogen gas is sometimes used in cryotherapy, where extremely low temperatures are applied to tissues to reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation.
However, it's important to note that breathing pure nitrogen can be dangerous, as it can lead to unconsciousness and even death due to lack of oxygen (asphyxiation) within minutes.
Biomass is defined in the medical field as a renewable energy source derived from organic materials, primarily plant matter, that can be burned or converted into fuel. This includes materials such as wood, agricultural waste, and even methane gas produced by landfills. Biomass is often used as a source of heat, electricity, or transportation fuels, and its use can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels.
In the context of human health, biomass burning can have both positive and negative impacts. On one hand, biomass can provide a source of heat and energy for cooking and heating, which can improve living standards and reduce exposure to harmful pollutants from traditional cooking methods such as open fires. On the other hand, biomass burning can also produce air pollution, including particulate matter and toxic chemicals, that can have negative effects on respiratory health and contribute to climate change.
Therefore, while biomass has the potential to be a sustainable and low-carbon source of energy, it is important to consider the potential health and environmental impacts of its use and implement appropriate measures to minimize any negative effects.
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid, which then quickly dissociates into bicarbonate and a proton. This reaction is crucial for maintaining pH balance and regulating various physiological processes in the body, including respiration, secretion of electrolytes, and bone resorption.
There are several isoforms of carbonic anhydrases found in different tissues and organelles, each with distinct functions and properties. For example, CA I and II are primarily found in red blood cells, while CA III is present in various tissues such as the kidney, lung, and eye. CA IV is a membrane-bound enzyme that plays a role in transporting ions across cell membranes.
Carbonic anhydrases have been targeted for therapeutic interventions in several diseases, including glaucoma, epilepsy, and cancer. Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases can reduce the production of bicarbonate and lower the pH of tumor cells, which may help to slow down their growth and proliferation. However, these inhibitors can also have side effects such as kidney stones and metabolic acidosis, so they must be used with caution.
Helium is not a medical term, but it's a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It's a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gases section of the periodic table. In medicine, helium is sometimes used in medical settings for its unique properties, such as being less dense than air, which can help improve the delivery of oxygen to patients with respiratory conditions. For example, heliox, a mixture of helium and oxygen, may be used to reduce the work of breathing in patients with conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. Additionally, helium is also used in cryogenic medical equipment and in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines to cool the superconducting magnets.
Pulmonary ventilation, also known as pulmonary respiration or simply ventilation, is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange. It involves two main phases: inhalation (or inspiration) and exhalation (or expiration). During inhalation, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, causing the chest volume to increase and the pressure inside the chest to decrease, which then draws air into the lungs. Conversely, during exhalation, these muscles relax, causing the chest volume to decrease and the pressure inside the chest to increase, which pushes air out of the lungs. This process ensures that oxygen-rich air from the atmosphere enters the alveoli (air sacs in the lungs), where it can diffuse into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide-rich air from the bloodstream in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli is expelled out of the body.
Hyperventilation is a medical condition characterized by an increased respiratory rate and depth, resulting in excessive elimination of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body. This leads to hypocapnia (low CO2 levels in the blood), which can cause symptoms such as lightheadedness, dizziness, confusion, tingling sensations in the extremities, and muscle spasms. Hyperventilation may occur due to various underlying causes, including anxiety disorders, lung diseases, neurological conditions, or certain medications. It is essential to identify and address the underlying cause of hyperventilation for proper treatment.
The Noble gases are a group of elements in the periodic table, specifically helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). They are called "noble" because they are very unreactive due to having a full complement of electrons in their outer atomic shell, which makes them stable and non-reactive with other elements. This property also means that they do not form compounds under normal conditions. Noble gases are colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nontoxic gases. They are used in various applications such as lighting, medical imaging, and scientific research.
Air pollutants are substances or mixtures of substances present in the air that can have negative effects on human health, the environment, and climate. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources, including industrial processes, transportation, residential heating and cooking, agricultural activities, and natural events. Some common examples of air pollutants include particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Air pollutants can cause a range of health effects, from respiratory irritation and coughing to more serious conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and cancer. They can also contribute to climate change by reacting with other chemicals in the atmosphere to form harmful ground-level ozone and by directly absorbing or scattering sunlight, which can affect temperature and precipitation patterns.
Air quality standards and regulations have been established to limit the amount of air pollutants that can be released into the environment, and efforts are ongoing to reduce emissions and improve air quality worldwide.
Hypocapnia is a medical term that refers to a condition where there is an abnormally low level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. Carbon dioxide is a gas that is produced by the body's cells as they carry out their normal metabolic processes, and it is transported in the bloodstream to the lungs, where it is exhaled out of the body during breathing.
Hypocapnia can occur when a person breathes too quickly or too deeply, which can cause too much CO2 to be exhaled from the body. This condition can also result from certain medical conditions that affect breathing, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and sleep apnea.
Mild hypocapnia may not cause any noticeable symptoms, but more severe cases can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, confusion, and rapid breathing. In extreme cases, it can lead to life-threatening conditions such as respiratory failure or cardiac arrest.
Hypocapnia is typically diagnosed through blood tests that measure the level of CO2 in the blood. Treatment for hypocapnia may involve addressing any underlying medical conditions that are causing it, as well as providing supportive care to help the person breathe more effectively.
Hypoventilation is a medical condition that refers to the decreased rate and depth of breathing, which leads to an inadequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. As a result, there is an increase in the levels of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and a decrease in the levels of oxygen (hypoxemia) in the blood. Hypoventilation can occur due to various reasons such as respiratory muscle weakness, sedative or narcotic overdose, chest wall deformities, neuromuscular disorders, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and sleep-disordered breathing. Prolonged hypoventilation can lead to serious complications such as respiratory failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and even death.
Inhalational anesthesia is a type of general anesthesia that is induced by the inhalation of gases or vapors. It is administered through a breathing system, which delivers the anesthetic agents to the patient via a face mask, laryngeal mask airway, or endotracheal tube.
The most commonly used inhalational anesthetics include nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane. These agents work by depressing the central nervous system, causing a reversible loss of consciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation.
The depth of anesthesia can be easily adjusted during the procedure by changing the concentration of the anesthetic agent. Once the procedure is complete, the anesthetic agents are eliminated from the body through exhalation, allowing for a rapid recovery.
Inhalational anesthesia is commonly used in a wide range of surgical procedures due to its ease of administration, quick onset and offset of action, and ability to rapidly adjust the depth of anesthesia. However, it requires careful monitoring and management by trained anesthesia providers to ensure patient safety and optimize outcomes.
Nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas, is a colorless and non-flammable gas with a slightly sweet odor and taste. In medicine, it's commonly used for its anesthetic and pain reducing effects. It is often used in dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth to help reduce anxiety and provide mild sedation. Nitrous oxide works by binding to the hemoglobin in red blood cells, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, but this effect is usually not significant at the low concentrations used for analgesia and anxiolysis. It's also considered relatively safe when administered by a trained medical professional because it does not cause depression of the respiratory system or cardiovascular function.
Carbonates are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a metal or metalloid combined with carbonate ions (CO32-). These compounds form when carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with a base, such as a metal hydroxide. The reaction produces water (H2O), carbonic acid (H2CO3), and the corresponding carbonate.
Carbonates are important in many biological and geological processes. In the body, for example, calcium carbonate is a major component of bones and teeth. It also plays a role in maintaining pH balance by reacting with excess acid in the stomach to form carbon dioxide and water.
In nature, carbonates are common minerals found in rocks such as limestone and dolomite. They can also be found in mineral waters and in the shells of marine organisms. Carbonate rocks play an important role in the global carbon cycle, as they can dissolve or precipitate depending on environmental conditions, which affects the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Acetates, in a medical context, most commonly refer to compounds that contain the acetate group, which is an functional group consisting of a carbon atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom (-COO-). An example of an acetate is sodium acetate (CH3COONa), which is a salt formed from acetic acid (CH3COOH) and is often used as a buffering agent in medical solutions.
Acetates can also refer to a group of medications that contain acetate as an active ingredient, such as magnesium acetate, which is used as a laxative, or calcium acetate, which is used to treat high levels of phosphate in the blood.
In addition, acetates can also refer to a process called acetylation, which is the addition of an acetyl group (-COCH3) to a molecule. This process can be important in the metabolism and regulation of various substances within the body.
Climate change mitigation
Climate variability and change
NW Rota-1
Sustainability at the University of British Columbia
Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
Greenhouse gas emissions
Southdown Power Station
Gorniczy Agregat Gasniczy
Gaet'ale Pond
Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture
Ethanol fuel
Clean Power Plan
American Clean Energy and Security Act
Greenhouse gas emissions by Australia
List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita
Active mobility
Fen
Lascar (volcano)
Micro combined heat and power
Urban ecology
Kårstø Power Station
Air pollution
Air source heat pump
Climate change in Russia
Greenhouse gas emissions by Russia
Energy planning
Waterside hot water hay pellet furnace
Keele Valley landfill
Coal
Climate system
Coal-seam fire
SUV
Climate change mitigation - Wikipedia
Heat Pumps vs Solar Panels: which saves you more energy? | Kiplinger
What percent of India energy is renewable and how does the solar system affect climate change? | ResearchGate
ADB's Bans on Financing Dirty Fuel Don't Go Far Enough
ESRIG-EES colloquium: Joeri Vendrik and Peerawat Payakkamas, MSc EES students | Events | University of Groningen
Trap, contain and convert | ScienceDaily
Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Energy | Union of Concerned Scientists
Costs of Climate Change May Prove High for Future - Scientific American
Weather Channel Co-Founder John Coleman: EPA's climate regs 'drive me nuts' - 'Carbon Dioxide is not a pollutant' - Climate...
Pricing Carbon Emissions | MIT Technology Review
What is climate change and why does it matter? | Natural History Museum
Scientists find way to produce electricity with plastic waste
Natural gas or oil? | FPS Public Health
A Response to The Wall Street Journal article: "Organic Farming Is Not Sustainable" - Cornucopia Institute
Fungi Perfecti Impact Report
How autonomous vehicles will change car ownership | ZDNET
Carbon dioxide removal - Wikipedia
Everything you've always wanted to know ... | A New Shade of Green | Sherry Listgarten | Palo Alto Online
Electric Mosquito Traps - Environmentally Friendly | Bit Rebels
State and U.S. officials tout spending to plug 'orphan wells' - The Columbian
Saving America from planet-threatening fossil fuels - The Heartland Institute
Delivering packages with drones might be good for the environment
Composting: Your Food Waste Doesn't Have To Go To Waste - Emagazine.com
Airbus bets on hydrogen to deliver zero-emission jets
Share your personal link to earn points
Agriculture, Climate, and 2023 Farm Bill (A 3-Part Blog Series) - Earthjustice
Regulators rip Xcel's proposed $650 million deal for Mankato power plant
Why Biden's Federal Gas Tax Holiday Would Be Bad For America
Granting Emissions Waiver Will Lead to De-stimulus - Competitive Enterprise Institute
When It Comes to Global Warming, Traveling by Car is Worse Than Plane
Atmosphere45
- Climate change mitigation is action to limit climate change by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases or removing those gases from the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
- It is possible to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere by enlarging forests, restoring wetlands and using other natural and technical processes. (wikipedia.org)
- As the gas rises and becomes trapped in the atmosphere, it retains heat as part of a process called the greenhouse effect. (sciencedaily.com)
- If the permafrost melts entirely, that would put five times the present levels of carbon into the atmosphere, US researchers report in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (scientificamerican.com)
- It is naturally occurring trace gas in the atmosphere that is essential to life on Earth. (climatedepot.com)
- It does result in slight warming of the atmosphere but because it is only a trace gas the impact is totally insignificant. (climatedepot.com)
- Greenhouse gases trap heat in our atmosphere. (nhm.ac.uk)
- The amount of oxygen that is in the atmosphere is reducing at exactly the right amount for the increase in carbon dioxide to be caused by combusting fossil fuels,' explains Joeri. (nhm.ac.uk)
- What we can see is that the ratio of carbon-13 in our atmosphere is going down at exactly the rate you would predict if the carbon dioxide increase was due to burning fossil fuels. (nhm.ac.uk)
- This article is about removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
- Carbon dioxide removal ( CDR ), also known as carbon removal , greenhouse gas removal ( GGR ) or negative emissions , is a process in which carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) is removed from the atmosphere by deliberate human activities and durably stored in geological, terrestrial, or ocean reservoirs, or in products. (wikipedia.org)
- : 8 However, there is significant uncertainty around this number because there is no established or accurate method of quantifying the amount of carbon removed from the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
- [12] Technologies have been proposed for removing non-CO 2 greenhouse gases such as methane from the atmosphere, [13] but only carbon dioxide is currently feasible to remove at scale. (wikipedia.org)
- [15] When used to sequester the carbon from a gas-fired power plant, CCS reduces emissions from continued use of the point source, but does not reduce the amount of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere . (wikipedia.org)
- The aviation industry added more than 1 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in 2019, according to BloombergNEF. (tampabay.com)
- As carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere longer than the other gases, cars have a more harmful impact on climate change in the long term. (medindia.net)
- In 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine reported that "negative emissions technologies" - techniques for removing carbon from the atmosphere, rather than simply reducing new emissions of carbon - are needed to stabilize global warming below 2 degrees Celsius, the level scientists believe could be catastrophic. (greenbiz.com)
- This would mean that the majority of the stored gas would gradually be released into the atmosphere. (dlr.de)
- The burning of these fuels emits carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. (brighthub.com)
- However, it only remains in the atmosphere for about 12 years, whereas carbon dioxide persists and accumulates for millennia. (supermarketguru.com)
- Geneva, 20 November (WMO) - The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a new record high in 2011, according to the World Meteorological Organization. (skepticalscience.com)
- Since the start of the industrial era in 1750, about 375 billion tonnes of carbon have been released into the atmosphere as CO2, primarily from fossil fuel combustion, according to WMO's 2011 Greenhouse Gas Bulletin , which had a special focus on the carbon cycle. (skepticalscience.com)
- About half of this carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere, with the rest being absorbed by the oceans and terrestrial biosphere. (skepticalscience.com)
- These billions of tonnes of additional carbon dioxide in our atmosphere will remain there for centuries, causing our planet to warm further and impacting on all aspects of life on earth," said WMO Secretary-General Michel Jarraud. (skepticalscience.com)
- Until now, carbon sinks have absorbed nearly half of the carbon dioxide humans emitted in the atmosphere, but this will not necessarily continue in the future. (skepticalscience.com)
- WMO's Global Atmosphere Watch network, spanning more than 50 countries, provides accurate measurements which form the basis of our understanding of greenhouse gas concentrations, including their many sources, sinks and chemical transformations in the atmosphere," said Mr Jarraud. (skepticalscience.com)
- CO2 is the most important of the long-lived greenhouse gases - so named because they trap radiation within the Earth's atmosphere causing it to warm. (skepticalscience.com)
- Human activities, such as fossil fuel burning and land use change (for instance, tropical deforestation), are the main sources of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. (skepticalscience.com)
- Increasing concentrations of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are drivers of climate change. (skepticalscience.com)
- Approximately 40% of methane is emitted into the atmosphere by natural sources (e.g., wetlands and termites), and about 60 % comes from activities like cattle breeding, rice agriculture, fossil fuel exploitation, landfills and biomass burning. (skepticalscience.com)
- Nitrous oxide is emitted into the atmosphere from both natural (about 60%) and anthropogenic sources (approximately 40%), including oceans, soil, biomass burning, fertilizer use, and various industrial processes. (skepticalscience.com)
- But that isn't enough, since already-emitted carbon dioxide lingers in the atmosphere for millennia. (northwestern.edu)
- Some natural chemical reactions take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it away. (northwestern.edu)
- Seagrasses, together with mangroves and salt marshes, are considered blue carbon ecosystems-they sequester, store, and bury carbon from the atmosphere, keeping the levels of carbon dioxide from increasing even more. (the-scientist.com)
- Emitting significant carbon dioxide into the atmosphere has significantly contributed to global warming. (earthrights.org)
- They also release vast amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, first when vegetation is burned and later as the dead vegetation decays. (lu.se)
- There is a great need for society to decrease our reliance on fossil fuels (from, for example, coal or natural gas) in order to reduce the quantity of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere, and the use of biofuels is one opportunity to do so. (lu.se)
- The purpose of the carbon station is for all visitors to have an experience that burning fossil fuels is the cause of the global warming that is currently taking place, and that the contribution of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is small but significant, compared to the natural processes. (lu.se)
- This diagram of the fast carbon cycle shows the movement of carbon between land, atmosphere, and oceans. (lu.se)
- Once in the atmosphere, the carbon dioxide will react with water and form carbonic acid. (lu.se)
- From here, the carbon can then be released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide again, or chemically react with other elements (for example calcium) to form new rock. (lu.se)
- This reduces the amount of carbon (dioxide) in the atmosphere and limits the greenhouse effect. (lu.se)
- When carbon monoxide is released to the environment, it enters the air and remains in the atmosphere for an average of about 2 months. (cdc.gov)
- Eventually, carbon monoxide reacts with other compounds in the atmosphere and is converted to carbon dioxide. (cdc.gov)
- My projects are focusing on how the exchange of greenhouse gases (GHG) between the biosphere and the atmosphere is affected by different kinds of disturbance, both natural disturbances such as storms and by different forest management practices. (lu.se)
Nitrous oxide6
- Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture include methane as well as nitrous oxide. (wikipedia.org)
- All soils emit the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. (cornucopia.org)
- They're constantly emitting carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, both of which contribute to climate change. (kqed.org)
- Generally speaking, cattle's farming is associated with the release of methane and nitrous oxide, while energy used to power labs is linked to the release of carbon dioxide. (supermarketguru.com)
- The other main long-lived greenhouse gases are methane and nitrous oxide. (skepticalscience.com)
- Fossil fuel emissions include methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. (itbusinessnet.com)
Tonnes5
- Since the mid-nineteenth century , the world has emitted over 2.2 trillion tonnes of carbon dioxide. (nhm.ac.uk)
- They found that emissions varied widely by state, from 2.3 to 5.2 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per kilogram of dried flower produced. (newscientist.com)
- A sudden disturbance of the lake's waters due to a landslide resulted in a sudden release of around 1.24 million tonnes of carbon dioxide gas. (britannica.com)
- GGFR estimates that in 2022 gas flaring released 357 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents, 315 million tonnes in the form of carbon dioxide and 42 million tonnes in the form of methane. (worldbank.org)
- In 2011, Australia emitted 547 million tonnes (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 -e). (abs.gov.au)
Coal14
- 2239 The recent rise in global average temperature is mostly due to emissions from unabated burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. (wikipedia.org)
- Most is carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas. (wikipedia.org)
- In 2020, India used 77% fossil fuels for its electricity generation, of which 72.5% came from coal, 4.2% came from natural gas and 0.3% came from oil. (researchgate.net)
- The EPA is counting on coal plants being operated more efficiently and states shifting to natural gas from coal to get modest cuts in the next four or five years. (climatedepot.com)
- One likely scenario is that utilities could rely only on switching from coal to natural gas, which emits far less carbon dioxide-a strategy that might work until 2020-and then they might not invest at all in technologies such as solar power and ways to capture and permanently store carbon dioxide -technologies that likely will be necessary to meet the far stricter caps in 2050, Victor says. (technologyreview.com)
- Above all, Team Biden doubled down on calls for America to switch from gasoline cars to electric vehicles, and from coal and natural gas electricity generation to wind, solar and backup battery power . (heartland.org)
- Some areas burn more coal and natural gas to generate power, while others have fewer fossil fuels and rely more on nuclear, hydropower, wind and solar power. (theconversation.com)
- Today, most hydrogen is used in oil refining and chemical manufacturing, and it's almost always made from natural gas or coal. (tampabay.com)
- Fossil fuels include coal, petroleum, and natural gas . (encyclopedia.com)
- Coal-fired power stations release more carbon dioxide per kWh than any other fossil fuel facility, and Germany has a large number of just this sort of power station. (dlr.de)
- The idea of filtering carbon dioxide out of coal power station exhaust gases and storing it underground is certainly very attractive. (dlr.de)
- But energy hungry countries with large coal deposits, such as China, may see CCS as an option for dealing with carbon dioxide emissions. (dlr.de)
- Legal cannabis production in Colorado emits more greenhouse gases than the state's coal mining industry, researchers analysing the sector's energy use have found. (newscientist.com)
- The costs of fossil fuels, such as coal and fossil gas, are not always obvious, but their impacts are disastrous. (earthrights.org)
Form of carbon dioxide1
- To describe the geological carbon cycle, you can imagine a carbon atom from being released from a volcano in the form of carbon dioxide. (lu.se)
Monoxide34
- Due to the rapid development of engine and aftertreatment technologies, limited information is available in the literature on their potential impact on concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO.), ammonia (NH. (cdc.gov)
- Pollutants with the strongest evidence for public health concern are fine particulate matter1 and gases (mainly carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and volatile organic compounds). (who.int)
- This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for Carbon Monoxide . (cdc.gov)
- This public health statement tells you about carbon monoxide and the effects of exposure to it. (cdc.gov)
- If you are exposed to carbon monoxide, many factors will determine whether you will be harmed. (cdc.gov)
- What is carbon monoxide? (cdc.gov)
- Carbon monoxide is made when carbon in fuel is not burned completely. (cdc.gov)
- Carbon monoxide is produced from both human-made and natural sources. (cdc.gov)
- The most important human-made source of carbon monoxide arises from the exhaust of automobiles. (cdc.gov)
- Inside homes, improperly adjusted gas appliances, furnaces, wood burning stoves, and fireplaces are a potential source of carbon monoxide (see Section 1.3). (cdc.gov)
- Carbon monoxide is released from wood burning/volcanoes/forest fires. (cdc.gov)
- Carbon monoxide can be used in industry to synthesize many compounds such as acetic anhydride, polycarbonates, acetic acid, and polyketone. (cdc.gov)
- What happens to carbon monoxide when it enters the environment? (cdc.gov)
- Microorganisms found in soil and water can also convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. (cdc.gov)
- How might I be exposed to carbon monoxide? (cdc.gov)
- All people are exposed to carbon monoxide at varying levels through inhalation of air. (cdc.gov)
- Places and times of the day that have a lot of vehicular traffic generally have higher levels of carbon monoxide as compared to areas of low traffic. (cdc.gov)
- You can be exposed to carbon monoxide from tobacco smoke whether as a smoker or from second-hand smoke. (cdc.gov)
- You can be exposed to carbon monoxide by using gas appliances or wood burning stoves and fireplaces. (cdc.gov)
- In emergency situations where power is lost, using an improperly vented generator inside a home or building or using gas grills, charcoal grills, or hibachis indoors can lead to dangerous levels of carbon monoxide. (cdc.gov)
- People are exposed to carbon monoxide inside of vehicles. (cdc.gov)
- High levels of carbon monoxide exposure have been observed when using recreational watercraft and boats. (cdc.gov)
- Gasoline-powered small engines and tools (e.g., gas-powered compressors or pressure washers) can emit high levels of carbon monoxide in a short period of time. (cdc.gov)
- How can carbon monoxide enter and leave my body? (cdc.gov)
- Carbon monoxide in the air rapidly enters all parts of the body, including blood, brain, heart, and muscles when you breathe. (cdc.gov)
- The carbon monoxide in your body leaves through your lungs when you breathe out (exhale), but there is a delay in eliminating carbon monoxide. (cdc.gov)
- It takes about a full day for carbon monoxide to leave your body. (cdc.gov)
- How can carbon monoxide affect my health? (cdc.gov)
- Breathing high levels of carbon monoxide can kill you. (cdc.gov)
- Breathing lower levels of carbon monoxide can permanently harm your heart and brain. (cdc.gov)
- Carbon monoxide can be more harmful to you if you have heart or lung disease. (cdc.gov)
- The diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is a measure of the ability of gas to transfer from the alveoli across the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium to the red blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)
- DLCO is measured by sampling end-expiratory gas for carbon monoxide (CO) after patients inspire a small amount of carbon monoxide, hold their breath, and exhale. (msdmanuals.com)
- In alveolar hemorrhage, red blood cells in the alveolar space can also bind carbon monoxide, increasing DLCO. (msdmanuals.com)
Earth's7
- It is important to understand that landfills are contributing to global climate change by increasing the Earth's surface temperature, therefore people need to take action to help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. (emagazine.com)
- There are many additional interactions between greenhouse gases, Earth's biosphere and oceans, and we need to boost our monitoring capability and scientific knowledge in order to better understand these," said Mr Jarraud. (skepticalscience.com)
- Research into the cause of the Lake Nyos disaster concluded that carbon dioxide gas - released from the Earth's mantle - had been accumulating at the bottom of the lake for centuries. (britannica.com)
- Earth's oceans help to slow climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide, but as they do, the water becomes more acidic. (northwestern.edu)
- Greenhouse gases simply inhibit part of that net flow, by returning some of the outgoing energy back towards Earth's surface. (skepticalscience.com)
- Little is known about how much greenhouse gases are released during and after a wildfire, about how much of the stored carbon is lost, or about how the energy exchange at the Earth's surface is changed because of a fire. (lu.se)
- We need to think about how we balance our energy sources and how we consume energy, while taking into account the Earth's natural carbon cycles. (lu.se)
Greenhouse gas emitted2
- The principal greenhouse gas emitted by motor vehicles is carbon dioxide (CO2). (cei.org)
- Carbon dioxide is the single most important greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. (skepticalscience.com)
Aerosols4
- The researchers uses, for the first time, a suite of climate chemistry models to consider the climate effects of all long and short-lived gases, aerosols and cloud effects, not just carbon dioxide, resulting from transport worldwide. (medindia.net)
- Charcoal particles-which, together with soot, form the category of aerosols called "black carbon particles"-are produced in large quantities in China, India, and South Asian countries by the burning of wood and other organic matter for cooking. (encyclopedia.com)
- Implementing the latest engine and exhaust aftertreatment technologies is one of the major strategies used by the mining industry to control exposures of underground miners to gases and aerosols emitted by diesel-powered vehicles. (cdc.gov)
- This study was conducted to develop a better understanding of how the recently introduced Tier 4i Mercedes Benz OM926 engines equipped with a selective catalyst reduction (SCR) catalyst system might alter concentrations of criteria gases and aerosols in mine air. (cdc.gov)
Remove carbon dioxide1
- For technologies that remove carbon dioxide from point sources, see Carbon capture and storage . (wikipedia.org)
Equivalent5
- In order to better understand our climate impact, we "normalized" the emissions data by calculating kilograms CO2-e (carbon dioxide equivalent) released per kilogram of mycelium we grew. (fungi.com)
- As of 2023, CDR is estimated to remove around 2 gigatons of CO 2 per year, [9] which is equivalent to 4% of the greenhouse gases emitted per year by human activities. (wikipedia.org)
- But transportation is still largely powered by fuels made from oil and is now the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. About one-quarter of transportation emissions, the equivalent of 415 million metric tons of carbon dioxide, comes from medium- and heavy-duty trucks , the kinds of vehicles that deliver freight to warehouses, businesses and consumers' homes. (theconversation.com)
- Total radiative forcing of all long-lived greenhouse gases was the CO2 equivalent of 473 parts per million in 2011. (skepticalscience.com)
- b) Million tonne of Carbon Dioxide equivalent. (abs.gov.au)
Combustion3
- It's also known that greenhouse gases are primarily emitted by fossil fuel combustion. (nhm.ac.uk)
- Combustion gases and particulates also come from chimneys and flues that are improperly installed or maintained and cracked furnace heat exchangers. (cdc.gov)
- Carbon dioxide, emitted mainly by combustion of fossil fuels, is harmful to the climate and the main reason for increased global warming. (lu.se)
Gigatons of carbon2
- There is potential to remove and sequester up to 10 gigatons of carbon dioxide per year by using those existing CDR methods which can be safely and economically deployed now. (wikipedia.org)
- Yellow numbers are natural fluxes, and red are human contributions in gigatons of carbon per year. (lu.se)
Metric2
- Social cost is a calculation in US dollars of the future damage that might be done by the emission of one metric ton of carbon dioxide as greenhouse gas levels soar and climates change, sea levels rise and temperature records are broken in future decades. (scientificamerican.com)
- The academies' report identified soil sequestration as a cost-effective and readily available climate solution, with the potential to remove 250 million metric tons or more of carbon dioxide per year in the United States alone. (greenbiz.com)
Anthropogenic1
- It includes existing and potential anthropogenic enhancement of biological or geochemical CO2 sinks and direct air carbon dioxide capture and storage (DACCS), but excludes natural CO2 uptake not directly caused by human activities. (wikipedia.org)
Methane emitted1
- We're concerned by the amount of methane emitted through flaring, particularly from flares that are not working properly. (worldbank.org)
Emissions of greenhouse gases2
- In a cap and trade system, the government sets a cap on total emissions of greenhouse gases from various industrial and utility sources, including power plants burning fossil fuels to generate electricity. (technologyreview.com)
- The Greenhouse Gas Bulletin reports on atmospheric concentrations - and not emissions - of greenhouse gases. (skepticalscience.com)
Emission5
- Climate change mitigation policies include: carbon pricing by carbon taxes and carbon emission trading, easing regulations for renewable energy deployment, reductions of fossil fuel subsidies, and divestment from fossil fuels, and subsidies for clean energy. (wikipedia.org)
- The main driver of current climate change is the emission of greenhouse gases, most importantly carbon dioxide and methane . (nhm.ac.uk)
- Air Act waiver that would allow California to establish first-ever greenhouse gas emission standards for new cars and trucks. (cei.org)
- In fact, when you add it all up, ocean solutions could provide 21 percent of the greenhouse gas emission reductions needed to limit the world's temperature rise to 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius). (patagonia.com)
- Voluntary Emission Reductions or Verified Emission Reductions (VERs) are a type of carbon offset exchanged in the voluntary or over-the-counter market for carbon credits. (dhl.com)
Pollutants3
- The proposed regulation will permit states to achieve the reductions in climate-warming pollutants by promoting renewable energy, encouraging greater use of natural gas, embracing energy efficiency technologies or joining carbon trading markets. (climatedepot.com)
- Traditionally, BACT determinations and PSD permitting have applied only to large industrial concerns, because only large facilities have the potential to emit 250 tons per year of air quality-damaging pollutants. (cei.org)
- Most air pollutants are emitted as by-products of human activity, including heat and electricity production, energy-inefficient transport systems and poor urban development, industry, and burning waste and brush or forests. (who.int)
Biomass3
- The Inflation Reduction Act offers $2,000 tax credits toward the installation of electric or natural gas heat pump water heaters, electric or natural gas heat pumps, and biomass stoves and boilers. (kiplinger.com)
- There are, however, no forests in the oceans, but instead carbon dioxide is turned into biomass by phytoplankton. (lu.se)
- Light is also the basis for almost all life on Earth through the photosynthesis of plants, in which sunlight is used as a source of energy when plants covert carbon dioxide and water to biomass. (lu.se)
Potent3
- Methane is a greenhouse gas, present in smaller quantities than carbon dioxide, but 34 times more potent as a warming agent over 100 years. (scientificamerican.com)
- They also can emit methane, a greenhouse gas that's 80 times as potent as carbon dioxide. (columbian.com)
- Methane is a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide in the short term. (worldbank.org)
Mainly carbon1
- On 21 August 1986, Lake Nyos emitted lethal gases (mainly carbon dioxide) that suffocated 1,746 people and around 8,300 livestock. (britannica.com)
Produces5
- Solar power generation is a clean, renewable energy source that produces electricity without emitting greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). (researchgate.net)
- Currently, most methods of recycling plastic require the use of fossil fuels which produces greenhouse gases. (nypost.com)
- Unlike oil, natural gas produces less nitrogen oxide, but is by no means harmless. (belgium.be)
- Unlike fossil fuels, which emit planet-warming carbon dioxide when they're burned, hydrogen mostly produces water vapor. (tampabay.com)
- It also produces byproducts such as carbon dioxide. (managenergy.tv)
Atmospheric2
- Human-caused emissions have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 50% over pre-industrial levels. (wikipedia.org)
- The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Annual Greenhouse Gas Index, quoted in the bulletin, shows that from 1990 to 2011, radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases increased by 30%, with CO2 accounting for about 80% of this increase. (skepticalscience.com)
Natural23
- Natural gas or oil? (belgium.be)
- Both natural gas and oil are fossil fuels, obtained from the fossilisation of living organisms. (belgium.be)
- On the other hand, the physical and chemical composition of natural gas is not standardised. (belgium.be)
- Oil and natural gas are both fossil fuels. (belgium.be)
- However, natural gas emits about 25% less of CO 2 than does oil. (belgium.be)
- Unlike natural gas, oil emits sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) , an air pollutant that contributes to the formation of acid rain. (belgium.be)
- Different delivery vehicles can run on diesel, natural gas, electricity or gasoline, each with various energy and emissions characteristics. (theconversation.com)
- Industrial agriculture's massive footprint occupies over 60% of the contiguous U.S. This land used to be vast wetlands, native grass-covered prairie, or forest - natural systems adept at storing carbon, producing abundant wildlife, and filtering polluted water. (earthjustice.org)
- As efforts to wean society off fossil fuels have stalled, "natural climate solutions" such as soil carbon sequestration rapidly have gained steam. (greenbiz.com)
- Today, most of the hydrogen used for this purpose comes from fossil fuels such as natural gas. (managenergy.tv)
- The majority of hydrogen comes from fossil fuels, such as natural gas. (managenergy.tv)
- Natural gas emits carbon dioxide. (managenergy.tv)
- Throughout 2022, the European Union significantly increased its liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports from the United States, Angola, Norway, Qatar, and Egypt, and via pipeline from Azerbaijan and Norway. (worldbank.org)
- Gas flaring is the burning of natural gas associated with oil extraction. (worldbank.org)
- But humans have thrown off the natural carbon cycle by adding so many greenhouse gases, particularly CO2 from fossil fuel emissions. (northwestern.edu)
- A start-up is mimicking photosynthesis to produce natural gas from industrial CO2 and municipal wastewater. (zdnet.com)
- HyperSolar is announcing its concept for creating natural gas by solving CO2 and wastewater treatment issues. (zdnet.com)
- A start-up company is attempting to patent its process to manufacture natural gas by combining solar power with carbon dioxide and water. (zdnet.com)
- It intends to be competitive with future natural gas prices, and will lower its cost of production by solving wastewater and CO2 disposal problems. (zdnet.com)
- Existing natural gas infrastructure will transport the fuel to customers. (zdnet.com)
- HyperSolar is positioning itself as a clean source of natural gas that will not have the environment drawbacks associated with traditional drilling or mining. (zdnet.com)
- Last year, the dependence on costly Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) imports was the primary blame for driving electricity bills up. (earthrights.org)
- The carbon station consists of models of natural carbon cycles, an oil pump, fossil-free energy sources, carbon dioxide lowering measures and an (annoying) volcano. (lu.se)
Harmful3
- Hydrogen fuel cells emit no harmful omissions, so they eliminate the risk and costs associated with disposing of toxic materials. (managenergy.tv)
- To meet climate goals, this harmful gas must be removed from the air in a process called "negative emissions," according to scientists at the virtual Comer Climate Conference this fall. (northwestern.edu)
- NIOSH research has shown that when combined with ozone, one of the common components of pine oil cleaners, alpha-terpineol, transforms into many oxygenated organic compounds in both the gas-phase and on surface reactions creating new products potentially harmful to those exposed. (cdc.gov)
Electricity4
- Remember, electricity is three to four times more expensive than gas per unit, so energy bills can actually increase after getting rid of a boiler. (kiplinger.com)
- The U.S. electricity sector has been rapidly transitioning to generating power with fewer greenhouse gas emissions . (theconversation.com)
- Burning a gallon of diesel fuel emits about 10 kg of carbon dioxide, but emissions from electricity vary by region, depending on how it's generated. (theconversation.com)
- The Mankato Energy Center consists of two gas-fired generators, which together can produce 760 megawatts of electricity. (startribune.com)
Oxygen5
- To burn carbon and produce carbon dioxide, you need oxygen. (nhm.ac.uk)
- The presence of oxygen required for aerobic processes prevents the generation of methane which reduces the greenhouse gas emissions of compost. (emagazine.com)
- Soot consists of particles of black carbon mixed with oxygen and various other chemicals. (encyclopedia.com)
- Do Plants Emit Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide at Night? (britannica.com)
- Transcutaneous pulse oximetry estimates oxygen saturation (SpO2) of capillary blood based on the absorption of light from light-emitting diodes positioned in a finger clip or adhesive strip probe. (msdmanuals.com)
Organic5
- Dr. Miller attempts to discredit organic agriculture's environmental benefits on the basis of pesticide use, lower yields, groundwater contamination, and greenhouse gas emissions. (cornucopia.org)
- Research shows that soils on organic farms capture nutrients and emit these gases more slowly, contributing to climate change mitigation. (cornucopia.org)
- A type of aerosol (small, airborne particle) consisting mostly of carbon: includes soot, charcoal, and some other dark organic particles. (encyclopedia.com)
- A NIOSH-certified CBRN PAPR with a loose-fitting face-piece, hood, or helmet and a filter or a combination organic vapor, acid gas, and particulate cartridge/filter combination or a continuous flow respirator for air levels greater than AEGL-1. (cdc.gov)
- Or it can be transferred to the biological carbon cycle as organic material. (lu.se)
Footprint3
- Both can improve your home's energy efficiency, reduce your carbon footprint and, crucially, save you money on your energy bills. (kiplinger.com)
- One of our most important sustainability goals is measuring and reducing our carbon footprint. (fungi.com)
- The carbon footprint of the cannabis industry is even larger than this study indicates, says Evan Mills, formerly at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California, as the team didn't look at emissions associated with storage and processing. (newscientist.com)
Pollutant1
- First, as a matter of law, once CO2 is a regulated pollutant under the Clean Air Act, EPA must apply PSD to CO2 sources with a potential to emit 250 tons per year. (cei.org)
Amounts2
- And there are 43 other crater lakes in the region that could contain lethal amounts of gases. (britannica.com)
- However, they also emit high amounts of methane, a greenhouse gas with a higher warming potential than carbon dioxide. (the-scientist.com)
Renewable2
- We're hoping to turn this into a fully renewable process that's carbon neutral. (nypost.com)
- But we also need to seize solutions the ocean offers for abandoning fossil fuels, expanding -justly sourced renewable energy, sequestering tons of carbon, supporting coastal economies, and creating a sustainable food system. (patagonia.com)
Colorless1
- It is a colorless gas under standard temperatures and pressures, but it can also be found as an oily, colorless liquid. (medscape.com)
Hydrogen7
- And the cost of hydrogen itself is prohibitive, at least if you want to avoid producing greenhouse gases. (tampabay.com)
- All of them will use hydrogen in modified gas turbines to propel the engines, and in fuel cells to create electrical power. (tampabay.com)
- It does not produce greenhouse gases when it is used to power a hydrogen fuel cells. (managenergy.tv)
- the hydrogen is then mixed with carbon dioxide, producing methane. (zdnet.com)
- No methane production occurred when they added acetate or hydrogen gas, two common precursors of this process. (the-scientist.com)
- Diverting carbon dioxide into hydrogen carriers or chemicals such as methanol, a valuable raw material and energy carrier, is thus highly desired. (lu.se)
- Researchers in Sweden have observed the effects of hydrogen and other gas combinations on 2D material graphene during undercover reactions using ambient-pressure XPS at MAX IV's HIPPIE beamline. (lu.se)
CO2e2
Reacts1
- As carbon dioxide reacts with water, it forms carbonic acid and carbonates that sink and are stored deeper in the ocean. (lu.se)
Uptake1
- We have already seen that the oceans are becoming more acidic as a result of the carbon dioxide uptake, with potential repercussions for the underwater food chain and coral reefs. (skepticalscience.com)
Sequestration4
- Experts call these processes carbon sequestration. (wikipedia.org)
- Is carbon sequestration on farms actually working to fight climate change? (greenbiz.com)
- A Boston-based agricultural technology firm, Indigo Ag , says that thousands of farmers working more than 18 million acres of farmland, nearly all in the United States, have expressed interest in enrolling in its carbon-sequestration program. (greenbiz.com)
- New studies reveal that even long-accepted carbon sequestration practices may not yield hoped-for climate benefits . (greenbiz.com)
Energy14
- Heat pumps are much more efficient than gas boilers and produce three or four times the energy they use. (kiplinger.com)
- Experts are applauding a sweeping energy bill currently before the United States Congress, saying that it could lead to significant cuts in greenhouse-gas emissions and improve the likelihood of a comprehensive international agreement to cut greenhouse gases. (technologyreview.com)
- In the proposed energy bill, the government will set caps to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by 17 percent by 2020 (compared with 2005 levels) and by 80 percent by 2050-targets chosen to prevent the worst effects of climate change. (technologyreview.com)
- We found that in some cases using electric-powered drones rather than diesel-powered trucks or vans could reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. (theconversation.com)
- The energy needed to turn crude oil into diesel fuel can add another 20 percent or more of greenhouse gases to the amount generated when the fuel is burned. (theconversation.com)
- Energy question of the week: Can the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide be stored safely underground? (dlr.de)
- After a decade of stalled progress, global gas flaring volumes fell in 2022 by around three percent, which is a welcome drop, especially during a time of concern about energy security for many countries. (worldbank.org)
- This wasted gas could displace dirtier energy sources, increase energy access in some of the world's poorest countries, and provide many countries worldwide with much-needed energy security. (worldbank.org)
- Unlike many sources of energy, ammonia emits no carbon dioxide when burned. (acs.org)
- Heating up themselves, those molecules then re-emit that heat energy in all directions including downwards. (skepticalscience.com)
- EN 16258:2012 is a methodology for calculation and declaration of energy consumption GHG Protocol Product Lifecycle Accounting and Reporting Standard. (dhl.com)
- Fossil gas remains the primary fuel used in Thailand's energy sector. (earthrights.org)
- Thailand's energy development should be restructured based on the principles of energy democracy, including low carbon, efficiency, flexibility, and local ownership. (earthrights.org)
- Light is emitted when excited atoms dispose of their excess energy, through several physical, chemical and biological processes. (lu.se)
Water4
- The theory that CO2 is a super greenhouse gas that triggers radiative forcing through interaction with water vapor to cause highly significant warming has totally failed to verify and has been totally debunked by many well qualified scientists. (climatedepot.com)
- But another proportion of it is absorbed by greenhouse gas molecules, such as water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane. (skepticalscience.com)
- When waves form bubbles at the surface, carbon dioxide is transferred between the water and air (through diffusion). (lu.se)
- Although the mechanism is not entirely clear, edema may be caused by direct alveolar damage when diphosgene breaks down into hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide in the presence of water. (medscape.com)
Biden1
- Shortly after reaching the White House, President Biden ended Keystone XL pipeline construction and began working with congressional Democrats, regulators and eco-activists to impose leasing and drilling moratoriums, slow-walk permits, pressure financial institutions to deny funding to fossil fuel companies, and implement " social cost of carbon " rules, "environmental justice" programs, "windfall profit" taxes and other policies to close down or bankrupt fossil fuel projects and companies. (heartland.org)
Molecules1
- But instead of escaping back out into space, this radiation gets absorbed by molecules of greenhouse gases, which then emit them in all directions. (nhm.ac.uk)
Global12
- In fact, methane is a greenhouse gas that has the greatest effect on global warming. (belgium.be)
- They emit two of the main greenhouse gasses that contribute to global warming, carbon dioxide and methane. (emagazine.com)
- A researcher has discovered that black carbon which comes out as diesel engine exhaust and cooking fires can play a role in global warming. (medindia.net)
- Health-related consequences of climate change are worsening due to the rapid global heating resulting from greenhouse gas emissions, reveal experts. (medindia.net)
- It could not only reduce carbon emissions but also slow down global warming. (managenergy.tv)
- By 2002, some scientists believed that black carbon particles, including soot and charcoal, might be the second-largest contributors to global warming after carbon dioxide . (encyclopedia.com)
- And these gases don't all affect global warming in the same way. (supermarketguru.com)
- Three countries, Nigeria, Mexico, and the United States, accounted for most of the decline in global gas flaring in 2022. (worldbank.org)
- China, the world leader in both economic growth and carbon emissions, faces the dilemma of how to respond to the challenges of global warming while not harming its robust economy. (csmonitor.com)
- China has overtaken the United States as the world's top emitter of greenhouse gases that lead to global warming. (csmonitor.com)
- CDP (formerly Carbon Disclosure Project) is an international, not-for-profit organization, providing the only global system for companies and cities to measure, disclose, manage and share vital environmental information. (dhl.com)
- The Oceans are also important for the global carbon cycle. (lu.se)
Forests1
- By contrast, new forests retain carbon for a much shorter time span. (skepticalscience.com)
Reduce greenhouse2
- A bill before Congress may prove a costly way to reduce greenhouse gases. (technologyreview.com)
- You can not only save gas but also reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (managenergy.tv)
Soils1
- But when the third-generation corn, wheat and soybean farmer learned about Nori, a Seattle-based startup looking to sell credits for carbon stored in the soils of farms such as his, he was all in. (greenbiz.com)
Fluxes1
- Most of the time, we believe [these habitats] are contributing in a positive way to mitigate climate change, specially by sequestering carbon dioxide, and having a clear idea of the overall greenhouse gases fluxes in these systems will really help to understand" their role. (the-scientist.com)
Contributes1
- The carbon dioxide that emanates from the traps contributes substantially to their catching efficiency. (bitrebels.com)
Ammonia1
- Ammonia could be Japan's savior when it comes to thermal power generation," says Nobuyuki Suzuki, general manager of the Basic Chemicals Division at Mitsubishi Gas Chemical (MGC). (acs.org)
Tons4
- To obtain a clearer, quantifiable look at carbon trapping rates in basalt, Giammar collected samples of the rock from Washington state, where researchers previously injected a thousand tons of CO 2 gas deep underground into a basalt flow. (sciencedaily.com)
- Earlier this year, Nori paid Hill $115,000 for just over 8,000 tons of carbon stored in Hill's soil. (greenbiz.com)
- Forty thousand tons of carbon dioxide have already been pumped underground. (dlr.de)
- Optimistic estimates by supporters of CCS suggest that the area could handle at most 8 to 10 billion tons of gas. (dlr.de)
Amount2
- Then we calculated the amount of greenhouse gases emitted. (theconversation.com)
- From a climate perspective, weathering can be interesting, as the amount of carbon in this cycle increases the more weathering that takes place. (lu.se)