Elements. Medical search

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.

Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.

A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.

Substances that comprise all matter. Each element is made up of atoms that are identical in number of electrons and protons and in nuclear charge, but may differ in mass or number of neutrons.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The Alu sequence family (named for the restriction endonuclease cleavage enzyme Alu I) is the most highly repeated interspersed repeat element in humans (over a million copies). It is derived from the 7SL RNA component of the SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE and contains an RNA polymerase III promoter. Transposition of this element into coding and regulatory regions of genes is responsible for many heritable diseases.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Highly repeated sequences, 6K-8K base pairs in length, which contain RNA polymerase II promoters. They also have an open reading frame that is related to the reverse transcriptase of retroviruses but they do not contain LTRs (long terminal repeats). Copies of the LINE 1 (L1) family form about 15% of the human genome. The jockey elements of Drosophila are LINEs.

Nucleotide sequences of a gene that are involved in the regulation of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Highly repeated sequences, 100-300 bases long, which contain RNA polymerase III promoters. The primate Alu (ALU ELEMENTS) and the rodent B1 SINEs are derived from 7SL RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle. Most other SINEs are derived from tRNAs including the MIRs (mammalian-wide interspersed repeats).

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) similar to those from retroviruses are contained in retrotransposons and retrovirus-like elements. Retroposons, such as LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS do not contain LTRs.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

Enzymes that recombine DNA segments by a process which involves the formation of a synapse between two DNA helices, the cleavage of single strands from each DNA helix and the ligation of a DNA strand from one DNA helix to the other. The resulting DNA structure is called a Holliday junction which can be resolved by DNA REPLICATION or by HOLLIDAY JUNCTION RESOLVASES.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Nucleic acid regulatory sequences that limit or oppose the action of ENHANCER ELEMENTS and define the boundary between differentially regulated gene loci.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Copies of transposable elements interspersed throughout the genome, some of which are still active and often referred to as "jumping genes". There are two classes of interspersed repetitive elements. Class I elements (or RETROELEMENTS - such as retrotransposons, retroviruses, LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS) transpose via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Class II elements (or DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS - such as transposons, Tn elements, insertion sequence elements and mobile gene cassettes of bacterial integrons) transpose directly from one site in the DNA to another.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. DNA footprinting utilizes a DNA damaging agent (either a chemical reagent or a nuclease) which cleaves DNA at every base pair. DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Nucleic acid sequences that are involved in the negative regulation of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION by chromatin silencing.

An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. This catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. The enzyme has a preference for double-stranded DNA.

The sequence at the 3' end of messenger RNA that does not code for product. This region contains transcription and translation regulating sequences.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Sequences within RNA that regulate the processing, stability (RNA STABILITY) or translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of RNA.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

Nucleotide sequences repeated on both the 5' and 3' ends of a sequence under consideration. For example, the hallmarks of a transposon are that it is flanked by inverted repeats on each end and the inverted repeats are flanked by direct repeats. The Delta element of Ty retrotransposons and LTRs (long terminal repeats) are examples of this concept.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements, in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary for the initiation of transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral GENES.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

DNA locations with the consensus sequence CANNTG. ENHANCER ELEMENTS may contain multiple copies of this element. E-boxes play a regulatory role in the control of transcription. They bind with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) type TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. Binding specificity is determined by the specific bHLH heterodimer or homodimer combination and by the specific nucleotides at the 3rd and 4th position of the E-box sequence.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

An electrophoretic technique for assaying the binding of one compound to another. Typically one compound is labeled to follow its mobility during electrophoresis. If the labeled compound is bound by the other compound, then the mobility of the labeled compound through the electrophoretic medium will be retarded.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

The region of DNA which borders the 5' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Cyclic AMP response element modulator is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is regulated by CYCLIC AMP. It plays an important role in SPERMATID development in the mammalian TESTIS.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A sterol regulatory element binding protein that regulates expression of GENES involved in FATTY ACIDS metabolism and LIPOGENESIS. Two major isoforms of the protein exist due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.

The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The first nucleotide of a transcribed DNA sequence where RNA polymerase (DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE) begins synthesizing the RNA transcript.

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

A DNA sequence that is found in the promoter region of many growth-related genes. The regulatory transcription factor SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR binds to and regulates the activity of genes containing this element.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

The ultimate exclusion of nonsense sequences or intervening sequences (introns) before the final RNA transcript is sent to the cytoplasm.

A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Any of the DNA in between gene-coding DNA, including untranslated regions, 5' and 3' flanking regions, INTRONS, non-functional pseudogenes, and non-functional repetitive sequences. This DNA may or may not encode regulatory functions.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Proteins in the nucleus or cytoplasm that specifically bind RETINOIC ACID or RETINOL and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Retinoic acid receptors, like steroid receptors, are ligand-activated transcription regulators. Several types have been recognized.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.

Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein.

Copies of nucleic acid sequence that are arranged in opposing orientation. They may lie adjacent to each other (tandem) or be separated by some sequence that is not part of the repeat (hyphenated). They may be true palindromic repeats, i.e. read the same backwards as forward, or complementary which reads as the base complement in the opposite orientation. Complementary inverted repeats have the potential to form hairpin loop or stem-loop structures which results in cruciform structures (such as CRUCIFORM DNA) when the complementary inverted repeats occur in double stranded regions.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A superfamily of proteins containing the globin fold which is composed of 6-8 alpha helices arranged in a characterstic HEME enclosing structure.

A form of GENE LIBRARY containing the complete DNA sequences present in the genome of a given organism. It contrasts with a cDNA library which contains only sequences utilized in protein coding (lacking introns).

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The extent to which an RNA molecule retains its structural integrity and resists degradation by RNASE, and base-catalyzed HYDROLYSIS, under changing in vivo or in vitro conditions.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.

A subtype of RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS that are specific for 9-cis-retinoic acid which function as nuclear TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that regulate multiple signaling pathways.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Genes of IAP elements (a family of retrovirus-like genetic elements) which code for virus-like particles (IAPs) found regularly in rodent early embryos. ("Intracisternal" refers to the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum.) Under certain circumstances, such as DNA hypomethylation they are transcribed. Their transcripts are found in a variety of neoplasms, including plasmacytomas, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcomas, teratocarcinomas, and colon carcinomas.

Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

Retroviruses that have integrated into the germline (PROVIRUSES) that have lost infectious capability but retained the capability to transpose.

The region of DNA which borders the 3' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located.

A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

The genetic unit consisting of three structural genes, an operator and a regulatory gene. The regulatory gene controls the synthesis of the three structural genes: BETA-GALACTOSIDASE and beta-galactoside permease (involved with the metabolism of lactose), and beta-thiogalactoside acetyltransferase.

Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Motifs in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins whose amino acids are folded into a single structural unit around a zinc atom. In the classic zinc finger, one zinc atom is bound to two cysteines and two histidines. In between the cysteines and histidines are 12 residues which form a DNA binding fingertip. By variations in the composition of the sequences in the fingertip and the number and spacing of tandem repeats of the motif, zinc fingers can form a large number of different sequence specific binding sites.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A group of adenine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each adenine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-jun genes (GENES, JUN). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. There appear to be three distinct functions: dimerization (with c-fos), DNA-binding, and transcriptional activation. Oncogenic transformation can take place by constitutive expression of c-jun.

A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Ubiquitously expressed basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF transcription factors. They bind CANNTG sequences in the promoters of a variety of GENES involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.

Commonly observed BASE SEQUENCE or nucleotide structural components which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE or a SEQUENCE LOGO.

Specific high affinity binding proteins for THYROID HORMONES in target cells. They are usually found in the nucleus and regulate DNA transcription. These receptors are activated by hormones that leads to transcription, cell differentiation, and growth suppression. Thyroid hormone receptors are encoded by two genes (GENES, ERBA): erbA-alpha and erbA-beta for alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors, respectively.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.

Pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases by HYDROGEN BONDING in double-stranded DNA or RNA.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

Mass concentration and elemental composition of PM10 in classrooms. (1/102)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the sources of high concentrations of particles of < 10 microns diameter (PM10) in classrooms, observed in a previous study on childhood exposure to PM10, and to study the correlation between classroom and outdoor concentrations of mass and elements of PM10. METHODS: Measurements of PM10 were conducted in two schools and outdoors in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Averaging time was 24 hours for the outdoor measurements and both 8 hours (school time) and 24 hours for the classroom measurements. Analysis by x ray fluorescence was used to measure the elemental composition of 55 samples from the 11 days when measurements were conducted simultaneously in both classrooms and outdoors. RESULTS: For most elements, classroom concentrations were considerably higher than outdoor concentrations, especially during school hours. The highest classroom/outdoor ratios were found for the elements from soils Si, Ca, and Ti. The only measured elements that were not increased were S, Br, Pb, and Cl, which are dominated by non-crustal sources. For S, Br, and Pb, which are generally associated with particles < 1 micron, significant correlations between classroom and outdoor concentrations and between the two classrooms were found. The other elements generally had low correlations. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the high PM10 concentrations found in our classrooms are probably due to resuspension of coarse particles or suspension of soil material. Due to these excess coarse particles, the correlation between classroom and outdoor concentrations is lower for elements associated with coarse particles than for elements associated with fine particles. As the general composition of PM10 in classrooms differs from the composition of PM10 in ambient air, the high PM10 mass concentrations in classrooms can probably not be directly compared with ambient air quality guidelines. (+info)

Cytological changes in chlorhexidine-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas stutzeri. (2/102)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) have been used to examine chlorhexidine diacetate (CHA)-sensitive and -resistant isolates of Pseudomonas stutzeri and to determine the effects of CHA on the cells. Significant differences were observed in the structure, size and elemental composition of CHA-sensitive and -resistant cells. Treatment with CHA produced considerably greater changes in CHA-sensitive cells, with widespread peeling of the outer membrane, a substantial loss of cytoplasmic electron-dense material and extensive lysis. Cells from the resistant isolates showed no blebbing of the outer membrane and no structural damage. X-ray mapping confirmed the difference in CHA uptake between CHA-sensitive and CHA-resistant cells. It is proposed that changes in the outer membrane form a major mechanism of resistance to CHA in P. stutzeri. (+info)

Characterization of vernix caseosa: water content, morphology, and elemental analysis. (3/102)

Recent studies have prompted interest in the use of epidermal barrier creams as protective biofilms for very low birthweight preterm infants. The key to understanding the role of epidermal barrier films is an elucidation of their interaction with water and a basic knowledge of their composition. In this study, we investigated the morphologic properties and elemental composition of the naturally occurring biofilm, vernix caseosa. This biofilm is typically lacking in preterm infants and its production coincides in utero with terminal differentiation of the epidermis and formation of the stratum corneum. Significantly, vernix (80.5+/-1.0% H2O) had a much higher water content than other barrier creams (Eucerin: 17.1+/-0.6%, Aquaphor: 0.33+/-0.03%, Ilex: 0.19+/-0.02%, petrolatum: 0.03+/-0.01%; all p<0.05). Phase contrast microscopy of vernix showed multiple cellular elements with nucleic "ghosts" embedded in a putative lipid matrix. Transmission electron microscopy revealed flattened structures approximately 1-2 microm in thickness with distinct cellular envelopes indicative of differentiated corneocytes. Compared with mature corneocytes in adult stratum corneum, vernix corneocytes appeared swollen, the density of the keratin filaments was less, and there was a relative lack of tonofilament orientation. Cryofractured specimens were examined by cryoscanning electron microscopy with subsequent elemental localization by X-ray beam analysis. The findings indicate the high water content of vernix is largely compartmentalized within fetal corneocytes. These results are consistent with the novel view of vernix as a "fluid phase" stratum corneum consisting of a hydrophobic lipid matrix with embedded fetal corneocytes possessing unique biomechanical and water-binding properties. (+info)

Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopic and flame photometric analysis of goat epididymal fluid. (4/102)

AIM: The elemental composition of the epididymal luminal fluid (ELF) in adult goat (Capra indica) was investigated. METHODS: ELF was collected by micropuncture from twelve sites along the epididymal duct. The elemental contents was analyzed with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy, a microanalytical technique that can simultaneously measure many elements in minute volumes of sample. The Na and K concentrations were determined by flame photometry. RESULTS: ICP spectroscopy showed the presence of copper, calcium, nickel, iron, magnesium, chromium, titanium and zinc in ELF, with fluctuating levels at different sites along the length of the epididymis. Cadmium, cobalt, lead and manganese were not found. The Na+/K+ ratio was seen to be higher at the initial segments of the epididymis and lower at the distal. CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the observed characteristic distribution of elements in ELF may have far reaching implications in sperm maturation and storage known to occur in the epididymis. (+info)

Natal homing in a marine fish metapopulation. (5/102)

Identifying natal origins of marine fishes is challenging because of difficulties in conducting mark-recapture studies in marine systems. We used natural geochemical signatures in otoliths (ear bones) to determine natal sources in weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), an estuarine-spawning marine fish, in eastern North America. Spawning site fidelity ranged from 60 to 81%, comparable to estimates of natal homing in birds and anadromous fishes. These data were in contrast to genetic analyses of population structure in weakfish. Our findings highlight the need for consideration of spatial processes in fisheries models and have implications for the design of marine reserves in coastal regions. (+info)

Element concentrations in urine of patients suffering from chronic arsenic poisoning. (6/102)

In order to know the element levels in the urine of patients with chronic arsenic poisoning caused by arsenic assimilated from burning coal via air and food, we investigated various elements in the urine of 16 patients with this disease and 16 controls living in the same county in Guizhou Province of China. Concentrations of 25 elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were determined by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer or an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. The average concentrations of Cu, Ga and Sn as well as As in the patients were significantly higher, and those of Cr, Rb, Sr and Ti in the patients were significantly lower than the control values. Al, Ba, Mn, Ni and Se were under detection limit in the patients, though they could be detected in the controls. There were no positive correlations between the concentration of As and the concentrations of other elements, including Cu, Ga and Sn in the patients. The results of this study suggest that As from burning coal might influence the urinary excretion of some elements. (+info)

Multielement determination and speciation of major-to-trace elements in black tea leaves by ICP-AES and ICP-MS with the aid of size exclusion chromatography. (7/102)

A multielement determination of major-to-trace elements in black tea leaves and their tea infusions was carried out by ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry) and ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). Tea infusions were prepared as usual tea beverage by brewing black tea leaves in boiling water for 5 min. About 40 elements in tea leaves and tea infusions could be determined over the wide concentration range in 8 orders of magnitude. The extraction efficiency of each element was estimated as the ratio of its concentration in tea infusions to that in tea leaves. From the experimental results for the extraction efficiencies, the elements in black tea leaves were classified into three characteristic groups: (i) highly-extractable elements (>55%): Na, K, Co, Ni, Rb, Cs and Tl, (ii) moderately-extractable elements (20-55%): Mg, Al, P, Mn and Zn, and (iii) poorly-extractable elements (<20%): Ca, Fe, Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Sn, Ba and lanthanoid elements. Furthermore, speciation of major-to-trace elements in tea infusions was performed by using a combined system of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ICP-MS (or ICP-AES). As a result, many diverse elements were found to be present as complexes associated with large organic molecules in tea infusions. (+info)

Metasomatic origin of quartz-pyroxene rock, Akilia, Greenland, and implications for Earth's earliest life. (8/102)

A quartz-pyroxene rock interpreted as a banded iron formation (BIF) from the island of Akilia, southwest Greenland, contains (13)C-depleted graphite that has been claimed as evidence for the oldest (>3850 million years ago) life on Earth. Field relationships on Akilia document multiple intense deformation events that have resulted in parallel transposition of Early Archean rocks and significant boudinage, the tails of which commonly form the banding in the quartz-pyroxene rock. Geochemical data possess distinct characteristics consistent with an ultramafic igneous, not BIF, protolith for this lithology and the adjacent schists. Later metasomatic silica and iron introduction have merely resulted in a rock that superficially resembles a BIF. An ultramafic igneous origin invalidates claims that the carbon isotopic composition of graphite inclusions represents evidence for life at the time of crystallization. (+info)

The primary decay products before 142Nd are element Pr (praseodymium) isotopes and the primary products after are element Pm ( ... ISBN 0-19-850340-7. Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XVI. The rare earth elements". Journal of ... Neodymium is rarely found in nature as a free element, but rather it occurs in ores such as monazite and bastnäsite (these are ... Rare-earth-element compounds are frequently used in China as fertilizer.[citation needed] Samarium-neodymium dating is useful ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium

"Elements". EastForest.org. Retrieved 2016-09-04. "Amazon.com - Music - Ritual Mystical (feat. East Forest)". Amazon.com. 2016- ... he released a full-length album entitled Elements. This music originated as the soundtrack for Tony's G's series with Udaya.com ... Elements (2016) Ritual Mystical (2016) Held (2016) Cairn (2017) Music For Mushrooms: A Soundtrack For The Psychedelic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Forest

Lithium is widely distributed in the lithosphere and mantle as a trace element in silicate minerals. Lithium concentrations are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_cycle

Fluids bring in elements, such as potassium, and remove others, such as calcium, to transform a metamorphic rock into a granite ... This may not be evident in the major and minor element chemistry, since the minerals most likely to crystallize at the base of ... and rare earth elements.) They are not orogenic, forming instead over hot spots and continental rifting, and are metaluminous ... Elements. 7 (4): 235-240. doi:10.2113/gselements.7.4.235. Zheng, Y.-F.; Chen, R.-X. (2017). "Regional metamorphism at extreme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite

Elements. 5 (3): 159-162. doi:10.2113/gselements.5.3.159. ISSN 1811-5209. Schmetzer, Karl; Thomas Hainschwang; Lore Kiefert; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spessartine

Uka Uka: Elements... elements... Yes! The Elementals! / Doctor Neo Cortex: Right! The Elementals, that's it! If we unleashed ... Acting as Crunch's power source are the Elementals, a group of evil masks who control the elements of Earth, Water, Fire, and ... The game under Cerny's direction was to be a free-roaming title with puzzle elements that would see Crash travelling between ... Critical reception of the game was mixed, with many reviewers opining that the game recycled elements from its PlayStation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash_Bandicoot:_The_Wrath_of_Cortex

"Elements". Dyer, Richard; James Peto; Francis McKee (2008). Beneath the Earth and Beyond the Stars: Mark Francis is ... Francis was invited to exhibit an early career overview Elements at Milton Keynes Gallery. Over the last thirty years, Francis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Francis_(artist)

More-volatile elements have been somewhat depleted relative to the CIs, and more-refractory elements somewhat enriched. A small ... This extends to most noble gases, and to lesser amounts the elements N, O and C, the atmophiles. Other elements- volatiles and ... The isotope levels of their elements do not match solar system levels, instead being closer to e. g., the interstellar medium. ... Suess, H Urey H (Jan 1956). "Abundances of the Elements". Rev. Mod. Phys. 28 (1): 53. Bibcode:1956RvMP...28...53S. doi:10.1103/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CM_chondrite

The Enthalpies of formation (from elements and from oxide species) and Gibbs free energies of formation (from elements) of the ... Even though isotope formation occurs naturally, when combined with other elements it can cause the pH of water to become more ... Table 1. The enthalpy of formation (from oxide to mineral), enthalpy of formation (from individual elements to mineral), and ... Elements. 2 (6): 335-341. doi:10.2113/gselements.2.6.335. ISSN 1811-5209. Shvareva, Tatiana Y.; Mazeina, Lena; Gorman-Lewis, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium_acid_mine_drainage

... its elements are the elements of the sets, and a set X {\displaystyle X} of these elements is independent whenever there exists ... for each element, and an edge from each set to each element contained in it. Less trivially, the strict gammoids are exactly ... Form a graph that has the union of the sets as its vertices and that has an edge to the representative element of each set from ... Consider the uniform matroid U n r {\displaystyle U{}_{n}^{r}} on a set of n {\displaystyle n} elements, in which every set of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammoid

The trace of a matrix is a sum of diagonal matrix elements, Tr ⁡ ( Γ ( R ) ) = ∑ m = 1 l Γ ( R ) m m . {\displaystyle \ ... Let Γ ( λ ) ( R ) m n {\displaystyle \Gamma ^{(\lambda )}(R)_{mn}} be a matrix element of an irreducible matrix representation ... One verifies easily in the example that all sums of corresponding matrix elements vanish because of the orthogonality of the ... Every group has an identity representation (all group elements mapped onto the real number 1). This is an irreducible ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schur_orthogonality_relations

"The Online Type Specimen Catalogue Germany" (PDF). Elements. Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft. June 2007. Retrieved July 25 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_specimen_(mineralogy)

It was composed of hydrogen and helium created shortly after the Big Bang 13.8 Ga (billion years ago) and heavier elements ... The first atmosphere, captured from the solar nebula, was composed of light (atmophile) elements from the solar nebula, mostly ... Halliday, A.N. (2006). "The Origin of the Earth; What's New?". Elements. 2 (4): 205-210. doi:10.2113/gselements.2.4.205. ... which is a product of differentiation of lighter elements during partial melting in the lower crust, appeared at the end of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Earth

Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The Discovery of the Elements: XI. Some Elements Isolated with the Aid of Potassium and Sodium: ... It is the 26th-most abundant element, making up 66 ppm of the Earth's crust, half as much as chlorine and five times as much as ... The element played a role in the Manhattan Project, where cerium compounds were investigated in the Berkeley site as materials ... It is also considered one of the rare-earth elements. Cerium has no biological role in humans and is not very toxic. Despite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium

Elements. 16 (4): 229-230. doi:10.2138/gselements.16.4.229. Pourret, Olivier; Hursthouse, Andrew; Irawan, Dasapta Erwin; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geochimica_et_Cosmochimica_Acta

"Our Study is Published, But the Journey is Not Finished!". Elements. 2020. doi:10.2138/gselements.16.4.229. Official website ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_Geology

Cooper, Kari M. (February 2017). "What Does a Magma Reservoir Look Like? The 'Crystal's-Eye' View". Elements. 13: 23-28. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_mush

John, D. A. (1 February 2008). "Supervolcanoes and Metallic Ore Deposits". Elements. 4 (1): 22. doi:10.2113/GSELEMENTS.4.1.22 ... the Moon's mantle was able to be extensively melted due to the decay of radioactive elements. Massive basaltic eruptions took ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera

Anderson, D.L. (2007). "Large igneous provinces, delamination, and fertile mantle". Elements. 1 (5): 271-275. doi:10.2113/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_theory_(volcanism)

These heavier elements allowed for the formation of new objects, including rocky planets and other bodies. According to the ... These elements gradually came together to form stars. These early stars were massive and short-lived, producing heavier ... Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the Universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon is abundant in ... Davies 1999 Hassenkam, T.; Andersson, M.P.; Dalby, K.N.; Mackenzie, D.M.A.; Rosing, M.T. (2017). "Elements of Eoarchean life ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenesis

This step exploits the low solubility of CeO2 and the fact that other rare-earth elements resist oxidation. Cerium(IV) oxide is ... It is often found in names of minerals bearing rare earth elements (REEs). Occurrence of cerianite-(Ce) is related to some ... It is an important commercial product and an intermediate in the purification of the element from the ores. The distinctive ... Cerium occurs naturally as a mixture with other rare-earth elements in its principal ores bastnaesite and monazite. After ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium(IV)_oxide

"Mineralogical Society of America". Elements. 4 (4): 276-277. 2008-08-01. ISSN 1811-5209. "AAPG Foundation - AAPG Eastern ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Mahlburg_Kay

Later, in the ninth-season miniseries Elements, Marceline is temporarily transformed by elemental magic into "Marshmaline the ... storyboard artists) (April 24-27, 2017). "Elements". Adventure Time. Season 9. Episode 2-9. Cartoon Network. CS1 maint: ... which he felt added a mysterious element to her character. Marceline's relationship with Princess Bubblegum created controversy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marceline_the_Vampire_Queen

Special minerals (relaxed sense) Native elements (class 1): carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides, elements, alloys, ... Elements. 3: 360. 2007. "The official IMA-CNMNC List of Mineral Names". March 2009. Archived from the original on 28 February ... element), telluric iron (alias native iron) and meteoric iron; phyllosilicate minerals (alias sheet silicates) and clays; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals_recognized_by_the_International_Mineralogical_Association

During the events of Elements, Patience succeeds in empowering Princess Bubblegum, Slime Princess and Flame Princess; each ... storyboard artists) (April 24-27, 2017). "Elements". Adventure Time. Season 8. Episode 2-9. Cartoon Network. CS1 maint: ... "Elements Part 2: Bespoken For". Adventure Time. Season 9. Episode 3. Cartoon Network. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ... "Elements Part 3: Winter Light". Adventure Time. Season 9. Episode 4. Cartoon Network. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Adventure_Time_characters

I (Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts). Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical Society of America. ISBN 978-0962209703. Sutphin, David M ... Graphite (/ˈɡræfaɪt/), archaically referred to as plumbago, is a crystalline form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged ... doi:10.2138/rmg.2013.75.4. McCoy, T. J. (22 February 2010). "Mineralogical Evolution of Meteorites". Elements. 6 (1): 19-23. ... Graphene Graphite intercalation compound Graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons Intumescent Lonsdaleite Native element ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite

1999). "Characterization of toxic elements in clays for human healing use". Applied Clay Science. 15 (5-6): 491-500. doi: ... 2009). "Bentonite, Bandaids, and Borborygmi". Elements. 5 (2): 99-104. doi:10.2113/gselements.5.2.99. PMC 2895274. PMID ... and found an appreciable depletion of trace elements in the pharmaceutical grade clay. On the other hand, certain clays are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_clay

A magma is a set M matched with an operation, •, that sends any two elements a, b ∈ M to another element, a • b. The symbol ... Less trivially, C3 = 5: ((ab)c)d, (a(bc))d, (ab)(cd), a((bc)d), and a(b(cd)). There are nn2 magmas with n elements so there are ... Thus, for example, C2 = 2, which is just the statement that (ab)c and a(bc) are the only two ways of pairing three elements of ... It can also be viewed, in terms familiar in computer science, as the magma of binary trees with leaves labelled by elements of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma_(algebra)

They are also associated with formation of major mineral provinces including Platinum-Group Element (PGE) Deposits and, in the ... Basalts from the Ontong Java plateau show similar isotopic and trace element signatures proposed for the early-Earth reservoir ... ISBN 978-0-8137-2352-5. Kerr, AC (December 2005). "Oceanic LIPS: Kiss of death". Elements. 1 (5): 289-292. doi:10.2113/ ... Jones, AP (December 2005). "Meteor impacts as triggers to large igneous provinces". Elements. 1 (5): 277-281. doi:10.2113/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_igneous_province

Biotic metabolism is directly tied to the global cycling of elements and compounds on Earth. The geochemical environment fuels ... In addition, astrobiologists research the possibility of life based on other metabolisms and elements, the survivability of ... Sverjensky, Dimitri A.; Lee, Namhey (2010-02-01). "The Great Oxidation Event and Mineral Diversification". Elements. 6 (1): 31- ... Shock, Everett L.; Boyd, Eric S. (2015-12-01). "Principles of Geobiochemistry". Elements. 11 (6): 395-401. doi:10.2113/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geobiology

It is the element of the plants...so the healing herbs... although each herb will have a unique balance of the elements within ... Certainly, one can associate certain types of instruments with each of the elements, and we will, but Air is the element of ... While all of the elements offer their own types of healing, Earth is the element that rules the healing of our bodies. ... The four Elements, Earth, Air, Fire, and Water, represent the basic building blocks of nature, or more accurately, of our ...

http://www.angelfire.com/magic/moonrae/elements.html

Art curriculum focuses on the Elements of Art: line, color, shape, form, value space & texture.. Contact. I feel so lucky to be ...

https://sites.google.com/pitman.k12.nj.us/artlupo/home

... blockquote {border-left: 5px solid #fff;}. What Are These Elements?. Elements grouped under the ... Element name. Brief description. Campground details. Parks are not required to use this element, and it may not be suitable for ... An element to show your org or parks general physical address. Park visitor centers. This element displays some specific ... Park Contacts Element. This element shows your primary email and phone / fax contact info. You can configure it to just show or ...

https://www.nps.gov/subjects/developer/cms-elements-structured-data.htm

3.2.2 Elements in the DOM. The nodes representing HTML elements in the DOM must implement, and expose to scripts, the ... 3.2 Elements. 3.2.1 Semantics. Elements, attributes, and attribute values in HTML are defined (by this specification) to have ... element represents an ordered list.. The basic interface, from which all the HTML elements interfaces inherit, and which must ... element is intended for these kinds of situations:. ,body, ,hgroup, ,h1,ABC Company,/h1, ,h2,Leading the way in widget design ...

http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-html5-20120329/elements.html

The Besselian elements are a set of values used to calculate and predict the local circumstances of occultations for an ... Although the Besselian elements determine the overall geometry of an eclipse, which longitudes on the earths surface will ... For solar eclipses, the Besselian elements are used to calculate the path of the umbra and penumbra on the Earths surface, and ... The basic concept is that Besselian elements describe the movement of the shadow cast by the occulting body - for solar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besselian_elements

attribute on the element. Otherwise, if the elements dir. attribute has the state ltr, the elements directionality is ltr ( ... of a node, user agents must look at the nearest ancestor element (including the element itself if the node is an element) that ... While these attributes apply to all elements, they are not useful on all elements. For example, only media elements will ever ... element. Otherwise, if the element is being rendered, then the directionality of the element is the directionality used by the ...

http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-html5-20101019/elements.html

Two-line elements[edit]. Main article: Two-line element set. Keplerian elements parameters can be encoded as text in a number ... Two-line elements e, i, Ω, ω, n, M0 Euler angle transformations[edit]. The angles Ω, i, ω are the Euler angles (α, β, γ with ... Hence if at any instant t0 the orbital parameters are [e0, a0, i0, Ω0, ω0, M0], then the elements at time t = t0 + δt is given ... Orbital elements are the parameters required to uniquely identify a specific orbit. In celestial mechanics these elements are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_elements

... și al familiei Premiere Elements. Mai multe informații! ... Photoshop Elements 2021. Easy photo editing software that has ... Photoshop Elements 2021. & Premiere Elements 2021. Buy the bundle and save US$50.. ... Faceți cunoștință cu familia Elements.. Transformați-vă inspirația în creații uimitoare cu acest software puternic și ușor de ...

https://www.adobe.com/ro/products/elements-family.html

Periodic table and how the elements got their names; Process of naming the elements on the periodic table ... Origin of the names of the chemical elements and multilingual dictionary of element names; ... Elements. above will bring you to the Element Pages. These are 120 pages, each describing one element. Youll find: *A ... This is THE web site for element names. You will find this site useful not only for the origins (etymology) of element names, ...

https://web.archive.org/web/20100120080403/http:/elements.vanderkrogt.net/index.php

ELEMENT bindings ( binding* ) , Hierarchy: root element May contain: ,binding, The bindings. element is the root element of any ... element using a setter. tag.. getter. ,!ELEMENT getter PCDATA, ,!ATTLIST getter id ID #IMPLIED , The getter. element contains ... element to reference this parameter.. body. ,!ELEMENT body CDATA, ,!ATTLIST body id ID #IMPLIED , The body. element represents ... elements as children. Each binding. child element defines a unique binding that can be attached to elements in other documents. ...

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Tech/XBL/XBL_1.0_Reference/Elements

Our belief is that these elements of security are interconnected and in order to address one issue, you must look at how the ... The name of our foundation refers to the "7 elements" of human security: economic security, health security, food security, ... We align our efforts with the 7 elements of human security: Economic, Environmental, Food, Health, Political, Personal and ... and we use a diagnostic tool designed to reveal vulnerabilities that a community may have in each of the 7 elements. Once 7e ...

https://www.idealist.org/en/nonprofit/aec3df627c264550b84a4dcd57c22d05-7-elements-gaspar-hernandez

Hole dir die kostenlose Testversion von Photoshop Elements. Organisiere Fotos automatisch. Nimm kleine Schönheitskorrekturen ...

https://www.adobe.com/de/products/photoshop-elements/download-trial/try.html?promoid=C12Y32FM&mv=other

Essential Elements Band Method Book and EE Interactive (EEI). Stillwater Middle School Band classes will be using Essential ... I highly recommend that you use the free Essential Elements Interactive website that comes with your book! See the back cover ... I highly recommend that you use the free Essential Elements Interactive website that comes with your book! See the back cover ... Band students in grade 6 will use the Essential Elements Book 1 that you received as a 5th grader last year. ...

https://sites.google.com/stillwaterschools.org/stillwaterbands/essential-elements

http://www.mediafire.com/file/ko98jxxiu3vmojk/Abstract-Vector-Design-Elements.zip/file. .header { position: absolute; width: ...

https://www.mediafire.com/file/ko98jxxiu3vmojk/Abstract-Vector-Design-Elements.zip/file

Elements. The four elements of NASAs Earth Science Division (ESD) ― Flight, Research and Analysis (R&A), Applied Sciences (ASP ...

https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/programs

Injury prevention/public education programs begin with the collection and analysis of population and patient data from a wide variety of sources to describe the status of injury morbidity, mortality and distribution throughout the state. Injury epidemiology is concerned with the evaluation of the frequency, rates and pattern of injury events in a population and is obtained by analyzing data from sources such as death records, hospital discharge databases and data from EMS, Emergency Departments and trauma registries. Trauma systems must develop strategies that help prevent injury as part of an integrated, coordinated and inclusive trauma system. For years, the ISDH has conducted an array of injury prevention programs. With the creation of the ISDH Trauma and Injury Prevention Division in 2011, we have shifted our focus from injury prevention programming to the collection and analysis of injury data (epidemiology) and recognized best practices in the injury field, which we can push out to those ...

https://www.in.gov/isdh/25510.htm

Definitions, Postulates, Axioms and Propositions of Euclids Elements, Book I. This page adapted from http://aleph0.clarku.edu ...

https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/non_Euclid_Euclid/Elements.html

A collection of visually stimulating and informative infographics about the elements, which would make a valuable addition to ... Elements infographics Description. A collection of visually stimulating and informative infographics about the elements, which ... Timeline of the elements Handout Duration : 1 pages Trends in the periodic table Handout Duration : 1 pages Periodic table of ... ExpositionSupported self studyManaging learningThe origin of the elementsCharacteristics of atomsAtomic structure: electron ...

http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resource/res00001679/elements-infographics

Retrieves a collection, in source order, of all controls in a given form. input type=image objects are excluded from the collection.

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/hh826022

Eaves (Dancheon), an element that overhangs the roof to throw water clear of the building walls, often also decorative ... Barrel vault, an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed ... Dome, an element that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.. (images). ... Beam, a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending.. (images). ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Architectural_elements

Prime Elements ist das digitale Outdoor- und Active-Living Magazin für alle Frischluft-Junkies... ... Julbo: Im Königreich der Vulkane - Prime Elements. Julbo hat Flo Orley und Manuela Mandl nach Island geschickt, um ein ... BIG-10 Bike Challenge - Electrified in Saalbach Hinterglemm - Prime Elements. Mit E-Bikes ein Klacks? Von wegen! Selbst mit den ... 10 Gründe warum landlocked Surfer besser dran sind! - Prime Elements. Land, wo man auch hinsieht. Wellen hat hier maximal ...

https://www.facebook.com/PrimeElements

You entered an email address. Would you like to search for members? Click Yes to continue. If no, materials will be displayed first. You can refine your search with the options on the left of the results page.. ...

https://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewBookmarkCollection.htm?id=100937

XLink elements. are identified by an xlink:type. attribute with one of these six values: *. simple. ... Linking elements. are identified by an xlink:type. attribute with one of these two values: *. simple. ...

http://www.ibiblio.org/xml/slides/sd2002east/xlinks/11.html

... as we discover in the first part of a new series about the chemical elements. ... Welcome to the elements. The periodic table provides an entirely new perspective on how the global economy works, as we ... We hear about a project to dissect mobile phones in order to highlight the disturbing stories behind some of the 40 elements ... And we take a guided tour of the London Metals Exchange - the worlds main trading forum for 11 of the biggest elements. ...

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/business-26143301/welcome-to-the-elements

Includes origin and dvelopment, list of core data elements, and immunization event identifiers. ... no required core data elements will be lost in the process. The CDC endorsed data elements represent the data elements needed ... Core Data Elementsplus icon *Core Data Elements For IIS Functional Standards v4.0 ... IIS core data elements facilitate record exchange between IISs. Each IIS includes a method to receive and store all of the ...

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/iis/core-data-elements.html

Group elements. Grouping objects creates a reusable element that can be placed in documents as "instances", which are ... Right-click the selected element or elements, and select Create Group... from the pop-up menu. ... Select the element or elements you want to enclose in a group. ... If an element in the group is a component with metric events ( ... references to the groups elements. Any change that is made to the group is reflected in all the instances of that group. ...

https://support.google.com/webdesigner/answer/6084742

Registruotis galite šios formos apačioje, ten rasite mygtuką Next kuris nuves į registracijos formą ! Pridedu kelis paveiksliukus iš kursų programos (tai tik dalis temų apie ką mokysimės ...

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfnGVDH74Pn8uBo0DR2erKC4l3cJB8tmgu3ehHMnbbcpMji6Q/viewform?usp=send_form

Of Elements And Overkill , Chapter XVI. Godzilla: Squared , Chapter XVII. Skyfire / Theory Solved. , Chapter XVIII. Of Arrivals ... Thats when I figured, there had to be more Elements, in the Periodic Table... fueling the furnace, at the Earths core." He ... some unkown Element was created! Im guessing, Godzilla runs off it... You were right, all along... If we didnt stop you,.. ... Youre going to be looking for new Elements, Max... Confirm that theory of yours!" Stanton said, knowing this would open an old ...

http://members.tripod.com/darkstar_013310/godzillaterrorinthepacific/id18.html

Download Oresome Elements and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. ... Read reviews, compare customer ratings, see screenshots, and learn more about Oresome Elements. ... The element will then follow the path you have chosen. If the element follows a path to the correct location it docks, ... Oresome Elements is an interactive game that makes learning about the periodic table, elements and some of their properties and ...

https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/oresome-elements/id440461810?mt=8&utm_campaign=elearningindustry.com&utm_medium=link&utm_source=%2F24-free-chemistry-ipad-apps-for-students

Architectural Products by Outwater, LLC] new line of Powder Coated Wrought Iron Elements is available in round and square plain ... Comprising numerous corresponding decorative and installation components, Outwaters new line of Traditional Staircase Elements ... Comprising numerous corresponding decorative and installation components, Outwaters new line of Traditional Staircase Elements ... Plaster Architectural Elements; Period & Contemporary Hardware; Kitchen & Bath Accessories; Kitchen & Bath Cabinetry and ...

http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/11/prweb10125578.htm

2021 Stylish Forum Page Products Design Theme Love Books Interest Image Style Subscribe Websites

The Muvipix Guides to Photo Elements/Premiere Elements 2021! (muvipix.com)

Elements of Design has been providing superior quality, stylish families and unique finishes of unparalleled selection of Faucets, Sinks, Tubs & Accessories. (eodfaucet.com)

From the Mozilla Russia forum came the question why the Element Hiding Helper sometimes uses simplified syntax and sometimes raw CSS. (adblockplus.org)

1. 'Collapse blocked elements' option stays and switches on 'extra strong collapsing' - one that the web page cannot override. (adblockplus.org)
2. Adblock Plus always makes sure that the web page cannot override 'display:none' for blocked elements, without any options. (adblockplus.org)
Email this page ( Element 3D & Cinema 4D Testers? (mograph.net)

Modern Home Furniture in Everett, WA is an authorized dealer of Elements Products. (modernhomefurniture.com)

Follow Elements on social media to see design examples and stay current with upcoming trends, new product posts, and updates. (thehouseofelements.com)
Elements of Design EB512 Single-Handle 4-Inch Centerset Bathroom Faucet, Polished Brass The exquisite design of this faucet tastefully flatters the elegant architecture of traditional homes with its fine detailing. (eodfaucet.com)
Elements of Design EB542 Single-Handle 4-Inch Centerset Bathroom Faucet, Polished Brass The unique style of this faucet brings a fun twist to classic design. (eodfaucet.com)

Say goodbye to old fashioned theme elements! (iconsdev.nl)

I love the vertical elements and the beautiful background with the flowers. (blogspot.com)
Two wonderful cards Mrs A and I love both the pretty papers, the first having those beautiful coordinating elements and a great idea to colour the die cuts to match, and then the distressed look on the second with the lovely stamping and cordinating sheer ribbon and soft pink rose. (blogspot.com)

Elements books are unmatched in quality. (thehouseofelements.com)

I would like to thank you for your interest in Digital Elements Hosting. (digital-elements.net)

HTML image elements mysteriously disappearing? (talkfreelance.com)
So a vertical image or an added vertical element needs to be on your project. (blogspot.com)
The image (which is my Vertical Element) is by Kaisercraft called 'Flutter' and I used Dew Drops Versa Magic 'Perfect Plumeria' chalk ink for stamping onto white cardstock. (blogspot.com)

The browser will already do what Adblock Plus had to do 'manually' so far, blocked elements will get the 'display:none' style automatically. (adblockplus.org)
On this first card I have used a Memory Box die cut called Tessatina Border Style No 98302 for my Vertical element. (blogspot.com)

Subscribe to Elements and receive periodic updates. (thehouseofelements.com)

Disadvantages: flipping this option will not show any real effect, generally its usefulness will be very limited since websites have little reason to force blocked elements to occupy space. (adblockplus.org)

Anatomy12

Organisms16

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes127

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science7

Mass concentration and elemental composition of PM10 in classrooms. (1/102)

Cytological changes in chlorhexidine-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas stutzeri. (2/102)

Characterization of vernix caseosa: water content, morphology, and elemental analysis. (3/102)

Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopic and flame photometric analysis of goat epididymal fluid. (4/102)

Natal homing in a marine fish metapopulation. (5/102)

Element concentrations in urine of patients suffering from chronic arsenic poisoning. (6/102)

Multielement determination and speciation of major-to-trace elements in black tea leaves by ICP-AES and ICP-MS with the aid of size exclusion chromatography. (7/102)

Metasomatic origin of quartz-pyroxene rock, Akilia, Greenland, and implications for Earth's earliest life. (8/102)

DNA Transposable Elements

Response Elements

Enhancer Elements, Genetic

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Trace Elements

Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Finite Element Analysis

Elements

Transcription, Genetic

Alu Elements

Base Sequence

Transcription Factors

Molecular Sequence Data

DNA-Binding Proteins

Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements

Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional

Gene Expression Regulation

Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements

Binding Sites

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Plasmids

DNA

RNA, Messenger

Amino Acid Sequence

Cell Line

Transfection

Genes, Reporter

Retroelements

Cloning, Molecular

Mutation

Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase

Restriction Mapping

Protein Binding

Transcriptional Activation

Nuclear Proteins

Genes, Regulator

Conserved Sequence

Introns

Sequence Deletion

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Consensus Sequence

Transposases

DNA Primers

HeLa Cells

Insulator Elements

Sequence Alignment

Interspersed Repetitive Sequences

Drosophila melanogaster

Luciferases

DNA Footprinting

Silencer Elements, Transcriptional

Deoxyribonuclease I

3' Untranslated Regions

Phylogeny

Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid

Repressor Proteins

Terminal Repeat Sequences

Trans-Activators

Sp1 Transcription Factor

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Models, Genetic

Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides

E-Box Elements

Cell Nucleus

5' Untranslated Regions

Mutagenesis, Insertional

Genes

Chromosome Mapping

Exons

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic

Cells, Cultured

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Drosophila

5' Flanking Region